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(1887-

Le Corbusier
Charles-douard Jeanneret, who
chose to be known as Le Corbusier.
Born on October 6, 1887 and died on
August 27, 1965, was a Swiss
architect, designer, urbanist, writer
and painter.
He was famous for being one of the
pioneers of what now is called
Modern architecture or the
International style.

IDEOLOGY

THE PILOTIS
ROOF GARDEN
FREE FLOOR PLAN
ELONGATED WINDOW
FREE FACADE

PILOTIS
Pilotis means columns.
It helped to redefine the house
as a matter of form and
function.
Reinforced concrete gave us the
pilotis.
It raised the building in the air,
far from the soil, with gardens
stretching beneath the building.
Pilotis usually served as an
element of dramatization and
visual isolation.

Piloti
s

THE ROOF GARDEN


Usually known as hanging
garden.
First realization of this idea
was in the small house that
the architect built for his
parents on lake Geneva in
1923 is described in a
hymnal tone.
Reinforced concrete made
the structurally
homogenous roof possible.
Reason of technique,
economy and comfort lead
to the adoption of the roof
terrace and roof garden.

Roof Garden

THE FLOOR PLAN


REINFORCED CONCRETE BROUGHT THE
INNOVATION OF THE FREE PLAN IN WHICH THE
INTERIORS WERE NO LONGER THE RIGIDLY
DETERMINED BY THE STRUCTURAL WALLS , THEY
HAD BECOME FREE.
LE CORBUISER SUGGESTED A COMPLETE
INDEPENDENCE OF STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
ARCHITECTURAL INFILL.
HE USED SLIDING WALLS THAT DIVIDED THE
LIVING ROOM INTO THREE BEDROOMS AT NIGHT.

THE ELONGATED WINDOW


LE CORBUSIERS
OBSESSION WITH THE FORM
OF THE FACADE LONG
WINDOWS THAT IS TOTALLY
INDEPENDENT OF
STRUCTURE
ITS NO SURPRISE THAT THE
ARCHITECT ONCE AGAIN
PRODUCED A SCIENTIFIC
Elongated
DEMONSTRATION IN ORDER
TO PROVE THE SUPERIORITY
OF THE NEW WINDOW TYPE.

Window

THE FREE FACADE


SAPERATING THE EXTERIOR OF THE BUILDING
FROM ITS STRUCTURAL FUNCTION THE FAADE
BECOME FREE.

PILLARS RETREATED FROM THE FACADE TO


THE INSIDE OF THE HOUSE I.E THE FACADE
BECAME NO MORE THAN LIGHT MEMBRANE
FACADE WAS NOW FREE AND THE WINDOWS
COULD EXTEND WITHOUT INTERRUPTION
FROM ONE END TO THE OTHER

THE MODULAR
THE MODULAR , LE CORBUSIER WROTE, IS A
MEASURING TOOL BASED ON THE HUMAN BODY
AND ON MATHEMATICS. A MAN WITH AN ARM
UPRAISED PROVIDES, AT THE DETERMINING
POINTS OF HIS OCCUPATION OF SPACE- FOOT,
SOLAR PLEXUS, HEAD, TIPS OF FINGERS OF THE
UPRAISED ARM- THREE INTERVALS WHICH GIVE
RISE TO A SERIES OF GOLDEN SECTIONS CALLED
THE FIBNACCI SERIES.

Villa Savoye

Location: Poissy, France

Date: 1928 to 1931

Construction System:
Reinforced Concrete and
plastered unit masonry

Climate: Temperate

Style: Modern

VILLA SAVOYE,POISSY- FRANCE


1928-31

VILLA SAVOYE IS RELATED TO THE WHOLE RANGE OF LE


CORBUSIERS ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
IT IS SITUATED ON SMOOTHLY SLOPING HILL TOP IN MIDST OF
FIELDS
IT ILLUSTRATES WITH EXTREME CLARITY AND IS PERHAPS THE
MOST FAITHFUL IN ITS OBSERVATION OF HI FIVE POINTS I.E
PILOTIS, ROOF GARDEN, FREE FLOOR PLAN , ELONGATED
WINDOW, AND FREE FAADE
PALLADIAN GRID IS FOLLOWED
GOLDEN PROPOTIONS ARE ANALYSED
COLUMNS OF THE BUILDINGS ARE DEFINED BY A SYSTEM OF
WALLS INDEPENDENT OF STRUCTURE
ENTRY TO THE PROPERTY IS THROUGH A GATE AT ONE END OF
HIGH STONE WALL

Piloti
s
The reinforced
concrete
gives us the pilotis.
The house is up in
the
air, far from the
ground: the garden
runs
under the house...

Free facade
'The columns set back from
the facades, inside the
house. The floor continues
cantilevered. The facades
are no longer anything but
light skins of insulating walls
or windows. The facade is
free.'

Free
Plan

'Until now: load-bearing walls; . forming the


ground floor and the upper stories, up to the
eaves. The layout is a slave to the supporting
walls. Reinforced concrete in the house
provides a free plan!...

Elongated
Windows
'The window is one
of the essential
features of the
house. Reinforced
concrete provides a
revolution in the
history of the
window. Windows
can run from one
end of the facade
to the other.'

Roof
Garden
'...the garden is
also over the
house, on the
roof...

Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

Section Drawing

LIVING ROOM OPENING TOWARDS


TERRACE (INTERIORS)

RAMP TOWARDS TERRACE

ELONGATED WINDOWS

UNITE D
HABITATION
IT WAS LE CORBUSIERS
BEST CONTRIBUTION TO A
MODERN TYPOLOGY OF
SOCIAL HOUSING
THE BUILDING IS SITUATED
ON 9 ACRE SITE ON THE
OUTSKIRTS OF MARSEILLE
IT HAS AN EAST WEST
ORIENTATION
IT IS 450 LONG, 80 WIDE
AND 185 HIGH
4 LIFTS EACH WITH A
CAPACITY OF 20,
TRAVELLING WITH A SPEED
AT 40 FT PER SECOND.

IT HAS SKELETON OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND REST


ON POWERFUL PILLARS WHICH LEAVS THE GROUND FREE
ALL PIPING PASSES THROUGH THESE PILLARS (PILOTIS)
ALL APARTMENTS ARE BUILT IN TWO LEVELS
THE NORTHEN FAADE IS BLANK, WHILE THE OTHER
FACADES ARE ANIMATED WITH GLASS WALLS AND
SUNBREAK LOGGIAS OF LIVING AREA
THE PLAN IS NOT COMPLETELY FREE ; THE PARTITION
WALLS BETWEEN THE APARTMENTS ARE LOAD BEARING
STRONG SOUND PROOFING BETWEEN APARTMENTS
IT IS 9 STOREYS HIGH
THEY ARE DIVIDED INTO TWENTY THREE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF APARTMENTS
RECREATIONAL ROOMS ARE ON THE ROOF

GLASS WALL OF
12 X 16
DOUBLE HEIGHT
BALCONIES TOO
HUGE PILOTIS
LEAVING THE
GROUND FREE
DOUBLE HEIGHT LIVING ROOM
WITH GLASS WALL
CONCRETE AS NOBLE MATERIAL

ROOF
COLOURFUL
WALLS IN
BALCONIES
OPEN TERRACE
NARROW ROOMS
( 8 HIGH ROOMS)

NOTRE- DAM-DU-HAUT

IN THIS CONTEXT, LE CORBUSIER HIMSELF SPOKE OF


LANDSCAPE ACOUSTICS THUS CREATING AN ECHO IN
THE HALL
IT IS COVERED WITH MUSHROOM SHAPED ROOF
THE ROOF IS INDEPENDENT OF WALLS
A THIN STRIP OF DAYLIGHT IS REVEALED BETWEEN
THE CHAPEL WALLS AND THE ROOF
IT CREATES A STRONG TENSION BETWEEN THE
INDOORS AND OUT DOORS

THE MAIN HALL HAS A CAPACITY OF


200 PEOPLE
IT WAS THIS CHAPEL THAT HE FIRST
FORMULATED THE IDEA
ARCHITECTURALLY IN THE FORM OF
PERISCOPE LIGHT SHAFTS CAPTURING
THE SUNLIGHT AND SPILLING IT OVER
THE ALTARS OF THE THREE SIDED
CHAPEL
HE PLAYED WITH MASS AND VOID ON
THE EXTERIORS OF THE WALLS

MASS VOID APPEARANCE

IRREGULAR VOIDS

INTERIOR OF THE CHAPEL

Plan

1954 MILLOWNERS
ASSOCIATION, AHMEDABAD,
INDIA

IT IS THE HEADQUATERS OF ONE OF THE MOST


PROMINENT OF INDIAN COTTON MILLOWNERS
ASSOCIATIONS.
THE BUILDING WAS REQUIRED TO BE BOTH AN
ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER AND A MEETING AND A
CEREMONIAL CENTER.
IT SERVERS AS A SORT OF CLUB, THE SOCIAL RITUAL OF
ITS MEMBERS IS STRONGLY EXPRESSED IN ITS DESIGN.
CLIMATE CONTROL WAS TAKEN IN CONSIDERATON AND
THERE WAS EXPRESSION OF MATERIALS.
THE EAST AND WEST FACADES, OF ROUGH-SHUTTERED
EXPOSED CONCRETE ARE MADE UP OF SUN-BREAKERS,
CAREFULLY DESIGNED TO SHIELD THE INTERIOR.
THE NORTH AND SOUTH SIDES, ALMOST UNBROKEN ARE
OF ROUGH BRICKWORK.

VIEW FROM 3RD FLOOR LEVEL LOOKING


EAST OVER THE RIVER

SUN
BREAKERS

THE CAPITOL COMPLEX


THE AREA OF THE GREATEST SYMBOLIC
SIGNIFICANCE IN CHANDIGARH WAS THE CAPITOL
COMPLEX , WHICH IN ITS FINAL FORM WAS BASED
ON THE DESIGN OF A GRAET CROSS AXIS
THE MOST IMPORTANT GROUP OF THE BUILDINGS
CONSTITUTING THE CAPITOL- RIGHT, THE
PARLIAMENT, LEFT,IN THE BACKGROUND, THE
SECRETARIAT
IN THE FOREGROUND, THE POOL OF THE PALACE
OF JUSTICE
ALTHOUGH THE SCENE IS HARMONIUS IN EFFECT,
THERE ARE STILL MISSING THE BUILDINGS THAT
BELONG HERE ,SUCH AS , FOR INSTANCE, THE
TOWERS OF SHADOWS

SITE PLAN
OPEN HAND
GOVERNOR,S PALACE
HIGH COURT
ASSEMBLY

SECRETARIAT

THE SECRETARIAT,1958

THE SECRETARIAT

THE FIRST DESIGN FOR THE SECRETARIAT PRESENTS THE


BUILDING AS A TALL THIN SLAB CARRYING A SURFACE BRISE
SOLEIL DIVIDED BY A CENTRAL HORIZONTAL BAND.
THE DESIGN WHICH WAS ACCEPTED, ESTABLISHED THE BUILDING
FORM AS A LONG ,HORIZONTAL CONCRETE SLAB.
THE SECRETARIAT, THE LONGEST BUILDING IN CHANDIGARH, 254M
LONG,AND 42M HIGHFORMS THE ADMINSTRATIVE CENTER,WITH
MINISTERAL OFFICES GROUPED IN THE CENTER AND OFFICES FOR
EMPLOYEES ARRANGED ON EITHER SIDE.
THE BUILDING WAS COMPLETED IN 1958.
THE CENTRAL PAVILION, BLOCK 4, CONTAINS THE OFFICES OF THE
MINISTERS.

RAMP ENCLOCURE
SQUARE WINDOWS

FREE
FACADE
PROJECTED PORTICOS

SMALL ENTRANCE
BIG ENTRANCE

ROUGH CONCRETE
FINISH

THE ROUGH CONCRETE AGAIN INTERPOSES IN THE FENESTRATION


OF THE TWO MAIN FACADES ; MORE THAN 2000 UNITS OF UNIQUE
DESIGN
APPRAOCH TO THE BUILDING IS THROUGH ROADWAYS BELOW
GROUND LEVEL TO A LARGE PARKING AREA IN FRONT OF THE
CENTRAL BLOCK, AND A FLOOR IS LEFT OPEN AT THIS LEVEL TO
FORM AN ENTRANCE HALL
BLOCK 1 AND 2 RISES DIRECTLY FROM THE GROUND
BLOCK 3,4 AND PART OF 5 FACE ON THE EXCAVATED AREA OF THE
PARKING LOT AND HAVE THE LOWER STOREY OPEN BETWEEN
PILOTIS
FOR THE REST PART OF BLOCK 5 AND WHOLE OF 6 THE LEVEL
GOES TILL PLAZA HEIGHT, AND LOWER PORTION OF THESE
BLOCKS ARE LEFT OPEN TO A HEIGHT OF TWO STORYES
THE TOP OF THE BUILDING IS DEVELOPED AS A ROOF GARDEN
CONTAINING THE SERVICE BLOCKS AND CAFETERIA FOR
EMPLOYEES

THE PLASTIC EMPHASIS IS


GIVEN TO THE BUILDING BY
FREE STANDING EXTERIOR
RAMPS ENCLOSED IN ROUGH
CONCRETE WALLS
FOR SUPPLEMENTARY
COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE
BUILDING , EACH OF SIX
BLOCKS IS EQUIPPED WITH
INTERIOR STAIRWAYS AND
LIMITED ELEVATOR SERVICE
HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION IS
BY MEANS OF A CENTRAL
CORRIDOR.
FOR MINISTERS BLOCK THE
BAY SIZE IS INCREASED AND
THE COLUMN IS THICKENED

COLUMNS SUPPORTING
1 BLOCK

HT OF 2
STOREYS
LEFT OPEN

THE HIGH COURT

THE HIGH COURT,

THE HIGH COURT FORMED A PART AS A GREAT ARCHITECTURAL


VENTURE USING VERY POOR MATERIALS AND A LABOUR
FORCEQUITE UNUSED TO MODERN BUILDING TECHNIQUES
AN ENTIRE STUCTURE HAS RESULTED IN THE USE OF DOUBLE
ROOF
THE UPPER ROOF CANTILEVERED OUT OF THE OFFICE BLOCK IN
THE MANNER OF PARASOL SHADING THE LOWER ROOF
THE SPACE BETWEEN THE TWO ROOFS IS LEFT OPEN TO ENABLE
CURRENTS OF AIR TO MOVE BETWEEN THE FLAT ROOF OF THE
OFFICE BLOCK AND THE UNDERSIDE OF THE PARASOL ROOF
WHICH SLOPES TOWARDS CENTER IN THE FORM OF ROWS OF
ARCHES
IN THE PLAN THE BUILDING TOOK THE FORM OF ABBREVIATED L
SHAPED WITH LONG FAADE FACING THE CAPITOL PLAZA TO
CONTAIN COURT ROOMS
THE BUILDING IS A RECTILINEAR FRAME WITHIN WHICH THE
INTERIOR FUNCTIONS ARE DEFINED

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

PARASOL ROOF
FORMING ARCHES
DOUBLE ROOF
GAP LEFT BETWEEN
TWO ROOFS
COLOURED MASSIVE PILLARS
FULL HT ENTRANCE

APPROACHED THROUGH ROADS


DOUBLE ROOF
REAR VIEW

ROUGH CONCRETE FINISHED RAMP

THE ASSEMBLY HALL

THE ASSEMBLY HALL

THE ASSEMBLY WAS CONCEIVED AS A RECTILINEAR


STRUCTURE
IT IS SQUARE IN PLAN WITH A MONUMENTAL PORTICO
FACING THE MAIN PLAZA
ON THE LATERAL FACADES BOTH THE PORTICO AND THE
OFFICE BLOCK WOULD BE DEFINED BY SOLID END WALLS
THE LARGE CHAMBER IS IN HYPERBOLIC FORM OF THE
COOLING TOWER WITH AN AVERAGE THICKNESS OF 15 CMS
THE SMALL COUNCIL CHAMBER ARE IN RECTILINEAR FRAME
THE UPPER PORTION OF THE TOWER IS EXTENDING ABOVE
THE ROOF LINE
AN ASSEMBLY CHAMBER IS 128 FT IN DIAMETER AT ITS
BASE AND RISES TO 124 FT AT ITS HIGHEST POINT
THIS TOWER WAS DESIGNED TO INSURE THE NATURAL
LIGHT, VENTILATION AND PROPER ACOUSTICS

OF ALL BUILDINGS OF THE


CAPITOL COMPLEX , THE
ASSEMBLY IS THE MOST INTRICATE
IN PLAN
SEPARATE CIRCULATION
ACCOMMODATION OF ALL GROUPS
IS PROVIDED
EMPLOYING A SYSTEM OF
INDIVIDUAL ENTRANCES,
STAIRWAYS, LIFTS AND RAMP A
COMPLETE SEGREGATION OF
MEMBERS IS PROVIDED
THER ARE TWO SEPARATE
GALLERIES FOR MEN AND WOMEN
IN COUNCIL CHAMBER

INTERIOR VIEW OF A
CHAMBER

MUSHROOM COLUMN SUPPORTING


ROOF

Thank you
Submitted by :
Abhiniti (1304001)
Kavita (1304015)
Poonam (1304023)
Rashmi (1304027)

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