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= 9,7
pH2= 14 lg
100 + 100,1
CV C0V0
0,1(100,1 100)
pH2=14 lg
= 14 lg
V0 + V
100 + 100,1
=9,7
=> Bc nhy pH= 6,75 9,7 => Ch dng p.p
pH1= 14 pK b lg
CV
0,1(100 99,9)
= 14 4,75 lg
=6,25
0,1.99,9
CV C0V0
0,1(100,1 100)
= lg
pH2= lg
= 4,3
V0 + V
100 + 100,1
pT
(0,05 + 0,035) 2
10 = 0,2=>pT=4,38
c) S % =
0,05.0,035
pT 14
10
(0,05 + 0,035) 2
S% = +
10 = + 0,2 =>pT=9,62
0,05.0,035
10
b) pHt=(pKn+pKa+lgCm)
pH t =
1
2
pH t =
C0V0 = CV
(14 + 4,75 + lg
)
V0 + V
1
2
24,25.0,025
(14 + 4,75 + lg
) = 8,33
50 + 24,25
=+
10 14
10
(0,012125 + 0,025) 2
10 = + 1,225%
0,012125.0,025
CV C0V0 )
pH 2 = 14 ( lg
)
V0 + V
0,025.24,5 0,012.50)
= 14 ( lg
)
50 + 24,5
= 9,92
CV C0V0
CV C0V0
4
=
10
pH = pT = lg
= 4
V0 + V
V0 + V
4 V (C 10 4 ) = V (C + 10 4 )
CV C0V0 = (V0 + V )10
0
0
4
4
25
(
0
,
05
+
10
)
V0 (C0 + 10 ) =
=
12,5249ml
V=
4
0,1 10
C 10 4
0,05.25 0,1.12,3
= 14 (4,75 lg
)=
25 + 12,3
1
2
9,99
5
10
(0,05 + 0,1) 2
10 (Co + C ) 2 =
.10
S% =
.10
0,05.0,1
Co.C
pT
= + 0,03%
III.8:
HCl 0,1M
50ml
+ NaOH 0,2M
HA0,1M(pKa=6)
a) pH khi F = 0
pHo = -lgCo(HCl) = -lg0,1= 1
b) pH khi chun 99,9% HCl
:HCl chun trc
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Xem nh HCl chun ht(dd ch cn HA)
C01.V0= C.V1 => V1=C01.V0/C =0,1.50/0,2=25ml
C
V
01
0
1
pH1 = [pKa-lgCo(HA)] = 2 (6 lg
)
V
+
V
0
,
1
.
50
0
1
1
= 2 (6 lg
) = 3,59
50 + 25
C02 .V0
0,1.50
=
=
= 0,05M
V0 + V1 + V2
50 + 25 + 25
C NaB
C02 .V0
0,1.50
=
=
= 0,04M
V0 + V1 + V2 50 + 25 + 50
pHt2=(14+7,5+lg0,04)= 10,05
4
10 pT
10
2
2
S% =
10
= 3, 5
10 = - 24%
pT
4
K a1 + 10
10 + 10
10
10
10
2
2
S% =
10 = 7 , 2
10 = - 0,16%
10
pT
K a 2 + 10
10 + 10
b) ng cong chun
H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 + H2O
pHo= (pKa1 lg Co)= (2,15 lg0,05)= 1,725
pHt1=(pKa1+pKa2)=(2,15+7,2)= 4.675
NaH2PO4 + NaOH Na2HPO4 +H2O
pHt2 = (pKa2+ pKa3)=(7,2+12,35)=9,775
p.p
4
4
Metyl da cam
p.p
t1
Metyl da cam
t2
( 0 , 05 M )
III.12: 50ml(H2SO4 + H3PO4) NaOH
* ct(metyl da cam): VNaOH = 36,5ml C ?
o
* ct(p.p): VNaOH = 45,95ml
* Mdc: H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O (1)
H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 + H2O (2)
(1)=> C.V1 = 2C o1.Vo ;(2)=> C.V2 = Co2.Vo
=> C(V1 + V2) = (2Co1 + Co2).Vo
=> 2Co1 + Co2 = 0,05.36,5/50 = 0,0365M (a)
* p,p :H3PO4 + 2NaOH Na2HPO4 + H2O (3)
(3)=>C.V3=2Co2.Vo => C(V1+V3)=2(Co1+Co2)/Vo
Co1+ Co2= 0,05.45,95/2.50= 0,022975M (b)
(a) v (b) => Co1=0,013525M v Co2=9,45.10-3M
III.13:
Na2CO3 0,05M
a)
p.p:
V
?
b
HCl
25ml
+ HCl 0,1M
NaOH 0,05M
mdc:VHCl?
a) p.p NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O (1)
Na2CO3 + HCl NaHCO3 + NaCl (2)
(1) v (2)=> CV1 = (Co1+ Co2)Vo
=> V1 = (0,05+0,05).25/0,1= 25ml
b) mdc:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl CO2+H2O + 2NaCl (3)
(1) v (3)=> CV2 = (Co1 + 2Co2)Vo
=> V2= (0,05 + 2.0,05).25/0,1 = 37,5ml
III.15: 1,1526g(A)
NaOH
5ml Chng ct NH3
H2SO4
H2O
20ml HCl 0,1M
100ml
a) Phng trnh p:
MgO + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O (1)
CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O (2)
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O (3)
MgCl2 + H2Y2- MgY2- + 2HCl (4)
P
CaCl2 + H2Y2- CaY2- + 2HCl (5) ch.
MgCl2 + 2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl (6)
b) % mi cht trong mu
MgCl2 + H2Y2- MgY2- + 2HCl (4)
C01.V0
CV1
CaCl2 + H2Y2- CaY2- + 2HCl (5)
C02.V0 CV2
(4),(5)=> (C01+C02)V0 = C(V1+V2) (a)
=> C01+C02=0,1.28,75/25= 0,115M
CaCl2 + H2Y2- CaY2- + 2HCl (5)
C02.V0 = C.V3 => C02= 0,1.5,17/25= 0,02068M
=> C01= 0,115-0,02068=0,09432M
mMgO= 40.0,09432.0,5= 1,8864g=> %= 62,88%
mCaO= 56.0,02068.0,5=0,57904g=>%= 19,3%
IV.2:
25ml NaOH 2N Trilon B 0,1M
25ml dd A:(Mg2+,Ca2+) pH = 12; murexit 5,17ml
5ml m NH3/NH4+ Trilon B 0,1M
25ml(A) pH=10, NET
10,34ml
*
=> Nng Ca2+ v Mg2+
pH = 12
Mg2+ + 2OH- Mg(OH)2 + (1)
Ca2+ + H2Y2- CaY2- + 2H+ (2)
C02V0 = CV1 =>C02 = 0,1.5,17/25 = 0,02068M
pH = 10 => Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2OHMg2+ + H2Y2- MgY2- + 2H+ (3)
C01V0 = CV2 => C01 = 0,1.10,34/25= 0,04136M
IV.3:
50ml
3+
Fe
0,03228M
Trilon
B
0,04M
50ml
Trilon
B
Fe
19,03ml
Al3+ pH = 2; 29,61ml pH = 5
3+
IV.4:
Trilon B 0,02M
25ml dd X(Pb2+v Ni2+) pH=10; 21,4ml
KCN(che Ni2+)
X 12,05ml Trilon B
Nng
Ni2+, Pb2+
25ml
Pb2+ + H2Y2- PbY2- + 2H+ (1)
Ni2+ + H2Y2- NiY2- + 2H+ (2)
(C01 + C02)V0 = CV1
=>C01+C02= 0,02.21,4/25 = 0,01712M
Ni2+ + 4CN- [Ni(CN)4]2- (3)
(1) => C01= 0,02.12,05/25= 0,00964M
=> C02 = 0,01712- 0,00964 = 0,00748M
Chun oxy ha kh
HCl
Na
S
O
0,01M
2
2
3
V.1: [KIO3+KI(d)]
I2
100ml
10,5ml
=> CHCl= ?
0,059
F
lg
1
1 F
0,059
0,9
E1 = 0,77 + 1 lg 1 0,9 = 0,826V
0
MnO4-/Mn2+
E =1,51+
2
0,059
lg(
F
1
)
5
0,059
lg(
1
,
1
1
)
=
1
,
498
V
5
b) 12,48ml Ce4+
V1< Vt => F1 = 12,48.0,02/0,01.25=0,9984
E1 = E
0
Fe3+/Fe2+
0,059
F
+
lg
1
1 F
0,059
0,9984
E1 = 0,77 + 1 lg 1 0,9984 = 0,935V
c) 12,52ml Ce4+
V2>Vt => F2 = 12,52.0,02/0,01.25=1,0016
E2 = E0Ce
4+
/Ce3+
E =1,44+
2
0,059
+
lg(
F
1
)
5
0,059
lg(
1
,
0016
1
)
=
1
,
275
V
1
2+
3+
0,059
0,998
E1 = 0,16 + 3 lg 1 0,998 = 0,213V
E =1,51+
2
2+
0,059
lg(
1
,
002
1
)
=
1
,
478
V
5
3+
1 F
0,059
0,998
E1 = 0,4 + 1 lg 1 0,998 = 0,559V
0,059
lg(
F
1
)
5
0,059
lg(
1
,
002
1
)
=
1
,
478
V
5
0
+
MnO4-/Mn2+
E =1,51+
2
+
H
Na
S
O
0,1M
2+
2
2
3
V.5: Pb PbCrO4 KI(d) I2
23,5ml
=> mg Pb?
Pb2+ + CrO42- PbCrO4 (1)
x
x
2PbCrO4 + 2H+ 2Pb2+ + Cr2O72- + H2O (2)
x
x/2
6I- + Cr2O72- +14H+ 3I2 + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O (3)
x/2
3x/2
I2 + 2S2O32- 2I- + S4O62- (4)
3x/2 3x = 0,1.23,5= 2,35mmol
(1),(2),(3),(4)=> nPb = x = 2,35/3=0,78mmol
mPb = 207.0,78 = 161,46mg
V.6:1,048g(Ca..)250ml(A)
C2O42-
H+,MnO4-
0,25N,10,25ml
a) Phng trnh p:
Ca2+ + C2O42- CaC2O4 (1)
x
x
CaC2O4 + 2H+ Ca2+ + H2C2O4 (2)
x
x
5C2O42-+2MnO4- +16H+ 10CO2 + 2Mn2++ 8H2O (3)
V.7: 0,935g(Cr2O3)
H+
50ml Fe2+ 0,08M
MnO4- 0,004M
14,85ml
]
a) Phng trnh p Cr O [O
2
2CrO
2 3
4 (1)
x
2x
2CrO42- + 2H+ Cr2O72- + H2O (2)
2x
x
6Fe2++Cr2O72-+14H+ 6Fe3++ 2Cr3+ + 7H2O (3)
NV1 N0V0
5Fe2++MnO4- +8H+ 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O (4)
NV2 NV :(3),(4)=> N0V0= (NV-NV)
N0V0 =0,08.50-0,004.5.14,85=3,703mlg
(1),(2)=> mCr= 2.52.3,703/6= 64,18mg
%Cr = 0,06418.100/0,935= 6,86%
* V3 = 20,2ml > Vt
CV CoVo
0,1.20,2 0,1.20
pAg = lg
= lg
= 3,3
Vo + V
20 + 20,2
0
,
2
.
Co
.
C
0
,
2
.
0
,
1
.
0
,
1
=
= 10 M
[ Br ] =
(Co + C ).10 (0,1+ 0,1).10
0
,
2
.
Co
.
C
0
,
2
.
0
,
1
.
0
,
1
=
= 10 M
[ Ag ] =
(Co + C ).10 (0,1+ 0,1).10
+
=> pAg = 4
[ Ag ]= T
t:
+ 2
T Ag CrO [ Ag ]
=
[CrO 4
[CrO 4
AgBr
2
[CrO 4
T Ag CrO
2
12,28 =
6,14
10
10
[ Ag + ]2
11,95
10
]= 6,14 2 = 100,33 = 2,13M
[10
]
2
[CrO 4
T Ag CrO [ Ag ]
T Ag CrO
+
[ Ag ] =
2
[CrO 4 ]
=
[ Ag ]
11,95
10
3
10
= 10 4,475
M => pAg=4,475
H2 O
VI.3: 0,74g(Cl-)
250ml dd(A)
+
40ml
Ag
(0,1M)
SCN
(0,058M)
50ml(A)
=>%Cl
19,35ml
Cl- + Ag+ AgCl (1)
C0V0 CV1
Ag+ + SCN- AgSCN (2)
CV2
CV
(1),(2) => C0=(CV- CV)/V0
C0 = (0,1.40-0,058.19,35)/50 = 0,0575M
mCl = 35,5.0,0575.0,25=0,51g
%Cl = 0,51.100/0,74 = 69,03%
pAg = lg
CoVo CV
=
Vo + V
lg
0,1.25 0,1.24
=
25 + 24
2,69
pCl = lg
CV CoVo
=
Vo + V
lg
0,1.26 0,1.25
=
25 + 26
2,7
](
Co
+
C
)
[
Cl
%S =
102 = 0,1
Co.C
= 0,1.0,1.0,1 =
4
[Cl ]
0,5.10 M => pCl = 4,3
2
(0,1+ 0,1).10
+
[
Ag
](
Co
+
C
)
%S = +
102 = + 0,1 => pAg= 4,3
Co.C
pCl = 10 - 4,3 = 5,7
0
,
1
.
0
,
1
.
0
,
1
+
4
= 0,5.10 M
[ Ag ] =
(0,1+ 0,1).102
](
Co
+
C
)
[
Br
%S =
102 = 0,1
Co.C
= 0,1.0,1.0,1 =
4
[ Br ]
0,5.10 M => pBr = 4,3
2
(0,1+ 0,1).10
+
[
Ag
](
Co
+
C
)
%S = +
102 = + 0,1
Co.C
0,1.0,1.0,1 =
+
4
=
[ Ag ]
0
,
5
.
10
M => pAg= 4,3
2
(0,1+ 0,1).10
](
Co
+
C
)
[
I
%S =
102 = 0,1
Co.C
= 0,1.0,1.0,1 =
4
[I ]
0,5.10 M => pI = 4,3
2
(0,1+ 0,1).10
+
[
Ag
](
Co
+
C
)
%S = +
102 = + 0,1
Co.C
0,1.0,1.0,1 =
+
4
=
[ Ag ]
0
,
5
.
10
M => pAg= 4,3
2
(0,1+ 0,1).10
Cl
(d)
+
VI.7: 25ml Ag
0,4306g
C
v
C
?
SCN
Ag+
SCN50ml Ag
32,58ml
Ag+ + Cl- AgCl (1)
Ag+ + SCN- AgSCN (2)
(1) => nAg+ = 0,4306/143,5=3.10-3mol
=> CAg+ = 3.10-3/0,025= 0,12M
(2) => CSCN- = 0,12.50/32,58 = 0,184M
+
+
NaCl(80%)
Ag
(0,1M)
VI.8: 0,3074g
NaBr
VAg+ = ?
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl (1)
NaBr + AgNO3 AgBr (2)
mNaCl=0,3074.80/100 = 0,24592g
mNaBr = 0,3074- 0,24592 =0,06148g
VI.9: KBr
+
Ag
(0,0568M)
1,988g KI 500ml(A) :25ml(A)
11,52ml
[O]
+
tch
I
Ag
(0,0568M)
2
50ml(A)
I2
Dd cn li
7,1ml
KBr + AgNO3 AgBr + KNO3 (1)
KI + AgNO3 AgI + KNO3 (2)
(1),(2) => C01+ C02= 0,0568.11,52/25=0,02617M
(2) => C01 = 0,0568.7,1/50= 0,008M
=> C02 = 0,02617- 0,008= 0,018M
%KBr = 119.0,008.0,5.100/1,988= 23,94%
%KI = 166.0,018.0,5.100/1,988= 75,15%