GIO L NI V

" TRANG SC
V S TRANG IM"
CA PH N MUSLIMAT

:
...

Alhamdulillah, mi li ca tng u knh dng ln Allah duy nht, cu xin bnh an

v phc lnh cho Nabi Muhammad , v Thin s cui cng ca nhn loi, sau Ngi
khng c v Thin s no khc xut hin na. V sau ...
Qu ng o thn mn!
Islam l mt tn gio ch th bo v cc ch em ph n mi kha cnh m chc
chn rng trn i ny khng c mt tn gio no khc c nhng gio l ging nh gio
l Islam, bi v Islam khng nhng ch bo v ngi ph n khng b lm tn hi m
Islam cn bo v xem xt n cc nhu cu, cc mong mun v cc quyn li ca ngi
ph n.
Mt trong cc s mong mun, quyn li l Islam cho h quyn ngi ph n
c chng din lm p, bi bt c ngi ph n no cng u thch chng din lm
p v u thch mnh c p, cho nn s chng din lm p ca ngi ph n l bn
nng t nhin c Allah to ra nh th v n cng tr thnh mt phn t trong
cuc sng ca cc ch em ph n.
Bi trc chng ti c ng ch "GIO L NI V CCH N MC CA NGI PH
N MUSLIMAT". Trong bi ny chng ta s tham kho thm Fatawwa "GIO L NI V
TRANG SC V S TRANG IM CA NGI PH N MUSLIMAT" theo gio l Islam?
Chanlyislam

 nh ngha v trang sc:

trang sc ca ph n l cc loi n trang c con ngi sng ch t nhng cht kim
loi vng, bc, ng, kim cng, qu hay nhng cht kim loi qu khc m ch em ph n
dng n eo lm p. Vn ny Allah c phn trong Qur'an nh sau:

ngha: {Trong , h s c trang im bng vng vng....} Al-Kahf 18 : 38

Gio lut Islam v vic eo vng, bc v cc loi trang sc khc:

Gio lut Islam khng cm cc ch em ph n c quyn lm p qua bt k trang sc
no nhng phi trong khun kh gio l cho php, chng hn nh khng c qu lng ph hay
eo n vi tnh cch ph trng, d trang sc c lm bng vng hoc bc hoc bng cc
loi qu khc nh ngc trai, hng ngc, ngc lc bo, kim cng v cc loi tng t th.
Khng c s khc bit gia vng cha c lm gia cng nh vng eo tay, nhn hoc vng
c gia cng nh dy chuyn, bng tai... Allah phn:

ngha: {V h, mt ngi (ph n) c nui nng bng vng vng v khng n ni rnh r
khi tranh lun (li l k ph t ca Allah) hay sao?} Az-Zukhruf 43 : 18
ng Mujahid ni qua Ayat trn: Cc loi trang sc ch dnh ring cho ph n, v
ng ni tip: Cc v hc gi Islam thng nht quan im l qu tht Islam cho php ph n
c php eo tt c cc loi trang sc t vng, bc, qu... c sng ch thnh phm trang
sc nh ci ci tc, vng nim, vng eo tay, vng eo chn, dy chuyn,... hoc tt c cc
loi khc m ph n c thi quen eo n v khng c s khc bit gia cc loi
Gio lut v vic eo trang sc c khc tn Allah hoc cc cu tng nim:
Thin s Muhammad c eo chic nhn c khc cu: (

) Ngha l:

(Muhamad - Thin s ca Allah), v Hadith t ng Anas bin Malik thut li rng: Qu tht,
Thin s ly chic nhn bng bc v khc vo cu:

, v Ngi ni

vi tt c mi ngi rng:
(

ngha: "Qu tht Ta (Thin s) ly mt chic nhn bng bc v Ta khc trn cu:
Muhamad Thin s ca Allah, do khng ai c php khc ging nhng ch ghi trn
(chic nhn) ny." Hadith do Al-Bukhari ghi li.
Chanlyislam

Ngha l, Thin s Muhammad khng cho ai khc ging chic nhn ca Ngi l bi
v chic nhn c nhng ch c Ngi dng lm con du (n) ca Ngi ch khng
phi Ngi khng cho khc cc cu tng nim khc.
T cu ni ca Thin s: - Ta khc trn (chic nhn bc): Muhamad Thin s
ca Allah. Cu ni ny chng minh rng ngi Muslim chng ta c php khc tn ca
chng ta hoc khc tn ca Allah trn chic nhn trang sc v phn ng cc v hc gi Islam
ng thun cho php theo kin ny, v cng c mt s hc gi khc cho rng hnh ng ny l
Makruh (tt nht l khng nn) khc tn Allah trn trang sc eo, nhng l quan im
khng c c s xc thc ca mt s t Ulama.
Cc v hc gi Islam c ni: Ai l ch nhn ca chic nhn cng u c php khc
tn ca mnh hoc cc cu c ngha hoc cc li tng nim ln chic nhn ca mnh c.
Nhng bt buc ai eo trang sc c khc cu tuyn th: hoc cc cu no mang
ngha i danh ca Allah hoc cc li tng nim n Allah th nn ch khng c eo ()
n nhng ni khng ph hp, khng xng ng... chng hn nh nhng ch m chng ta
nm ln trn n, hoc eo n vo nhng ni m khng nn a cc li tng nim vo, chng
hn nh vo nh v sinh hay cc ni tng t th, v nu c tho ra th cn phi t n ni
sch s hay thch hp.
Gio lut v vic eo nhn c nhng hnh nh hoc hnh dng ca cc sinh vt sng
hoc cc loi ng vt tng t th:
Phn ng cc v hc gi Islam u cho rng: Nghim cm cc loi hnh ca sinh vt
sng hoc hnh ca cc loi c linh hn trn trang sc hay trn o hay trn cc th khc, bi v
c li cnh bo rt nng t Thin s c Imam Muslim thut li t Hadith ca b
Ayshah nh sau:
"Qu tht b Ayshah c mua mt ci gi nh trn c in hnh (sinh vt sng), khi Thin s
nhn thy n th Ngi ng trc ca v khng i vo trong nh, khi b Ayshah thy nt
mt ca Thin s c biu hin khng hi lng (gin) th b ni: - Tha Thin s ca Allah! thip
xin sm hi vi Allah v xin hi li vi Ngi, thip lm sai vic g th ?
Thin s ni: Vic g vi ci gi ny,
B A'yshah tr li: - Tha, thip mua n cho Ngi ngi ln hay da vo n.
Thin s ni:

: ( : )
ngha: "Qu tht nhng ngi lm ra cc hnh ny s b trng pht (vo Ngy sau), v s c
li phn vi h: Hy lm sng li nhng g m cc ngi to n."
Sau Ngi ni tip: "Qu tht ngi nh no m c hnh (sinh vt sng) trong th cc
Thin thn s khng vo ngi nh ."

Chanlyislam

 Gio lut v vic ct ngn tc:

Nh chng ta bit, ci rng ci tc l gc ca con ngi, ng thi tc ca ph n
cng l nt p v l ca s ca v p ca cc ch em, do cc ch em cn phi trn trng n
bng cch gn gi trong sch v n dng t nhin.
Qu tht, cc v hc gi Islam cha thng nht v vic ph n c c php ct ta tc
hay khng? Nu nh c php th gii hn ct ngn n mc no? Bi v nu nh ct qu ngn
th n s ging nh nam gii, m trong gio lut Islam th ph n khng c lm ging nam
gii? Cho nn, c nhng kin khc nhau v vn ny:
1. Mt s hc gi Islam th cho rng: Ph n c php ct ta tc ca mnh qua chng
minh mt Hadith t li thut li ca ng Abu Salymal bin Abdur Rahman c Imam
Muslim ghi li, ng ni:

""
ngha: "Cc b v ca Thin s ct ta tc trn u n gn ngang hai tai."
Cho nn theo hadith trn chng minh rng ph n c php ct ta tc.
2. Cng c mt s cc v hc gi thuc trng phi Al-Hanbali cho rng: Ph n ct tc
hay ht tc khng c l do chnh ng l Mukhruh (tt nht l khng nn).
V hin r nht trong hai kin trn (Allah mi l ng Hng Bit) l kin cho php
ph n ct ta tc do s chnh xc ca Hadith trn, nhng vi iu kin l khng c lm ging
hay bt chc nhng nam gii hay nhng ngi ngoi o. Cho nn gii hn ca n l chng ta
khng c php ct ngn vt qua hai l tai.
Ch : Nu ch em Muslimat no nh tm ct tc ngn lm ging nam gii th l iu
Haram (nghim cm), v l mt trng ti m Allah nguyn ra nhng nam n bt chc
ln nhau.
Gio lut v vic nhum tc:
Vic nhum tc khng phi l ch c thi i ca chng ta hin nay, m n c
bit n trong thi xa bi v n cng l mt trong nhng hnh thc lm p thi y. Nhng s
khc bit l thi trc ngi ta ch bit n vic nhum tc l bin i mu tc t mu bc,
trng (hay xm) n mu khc khng phi l mu en, ngi ta khng bit n s thay i tc
t mu en n cc mu khc ging nh trong thi i ca chng ta hin nay.
Trong Hadith ca Imam Muslim ghi li t li k ca ng Jabir bin Abdullah nh sau:
"Vo ngy gii phng thnh ph Makkah ngi ta a Abu Quhafah (tc Uthaman bin
Amir) n, trn u ca ng ta l mi tc v ru bc trng, khi thy ng y trong tnh trng
Thin s ni:

( )
ngha: "Cc ngi hy i (tnh trng ny ca) y bng mt th g , nhng hy trnh xa
mu en."
Chanlyislam

Hadith trn chng minh rng chng ta c php nhum tc thay i mu ca n,

nhng nghim cm khng c nhum mu en, v cng l kin ca phn ng cc v hc
gi Islam.
iu kin c php s dng cc loi thuc nhum tc mi hin nay:
Trn c s bng chng th c php s dng cc loi thuc nhum tc (ngoi tr mu
en) lm tng v p cho mi tc ca cc ch em ph n, nhng mt s loi thuc nhum
hin nay c nhng cht (thnh phn) m trong gio lut Islam cm khng c s dng n,
v vy thuc nhum tc c php s dng cn phi c nhng iu kin sau:
1. Trong thuc nhum khng c thnh phn gy hi cho tc hay cho c th, do nu nh
thuc nhum no c thnh phn gy hi th khng c php s dng n.
2. Khng c nhum tc bt chc ging nh nhng ngi ngoi o, bi v Thin s
c ni:
()
ngha: "Ai bt chc vi mt nhm ngi (no ) th y s l mt trong s h." Hadith do
ng Abu Dawud v ng Ahmed ghi li.
3. Khng c nhum tc lm thay i hnh th bn ngoi ca mnh, chng hn nh cc
ch em cha c gia nh nhng khi nhum tc n gy tc ng n v p tui tc ca
mnh (c th lm gi trc tui), do cc ch em khi nhum tc cn phi xem xt n
phng din ph hp vi dc dng, kiu tc ca mnh v ng thi ch em no c gia
nh th cng nn hi ca chng.
4. Trong thuc nhum khng c c cha cc hp cht cch nhit ngn cn nc thm
n tc, bi v nu nh c cha cc hp cht th bt buc phi ty n ra lc ly nc
Wudu hoc khi tm bt buc (tm Junub).
Cc Gio lut v vic lm p tc:
Ni tc:
T thi c i nhng ngi ph n bit nui dng v chm sc mi tc ca mnh
n c di v p. Chnh v vy, thi i ngy nay c mt s ch em dng cch ni tc
c mi tc di thm, ni tc c ngha l dng tc khc ni vi tc ca mnh. Vy gio lut Islam
ni v vn ny nh th no?
Gio lut Islam nghim cm cc ch em ph n vic ni tc vi mc ch l lm p, cho
d l ly tc ca mnh ni vi tc ca mnh, hay ly tc ngi khc ni vi tc trn u ca
mnh, v d l tc ca con ngi hay tc khng phi ca con ngi.
Bi v nhng ngi i ni tc hay nhng ngi ni tc cho ngi khc s b nguyn ra
nh trong Hadith t B Ayshas: "Qu tht, c mt ngi con gi thuc ngi dn Madinah kt
hn, nhng c y b bnh v b rng nhiu tc (n gn xi u), thy vy h mun ni tc cho
c y, cho nn h hi Thin s v vic th Ngi ni:
Chanlyislam

(
)

ngha: "Nguyn ra k ni tc (cho ngi khc) v k i ni tc." Hadith Muslim ghi li.
i tc gi:
Hadith trn chng minh rng khng cho php chng ta i tc gi bng bt c hnh
thc no hay kiu no, mc d trn thc t n khng phi l vn ni tc, nhng phng
din i tc gi th hin y l mt mi tc gi (khng phi ca chnh mnh), n c th di
hn mi tc thc s ca mnh nn n ng ngha vi vic ni tc.
Thm vo trong vic i tc gi n c s bt chc, bi v n xut hin Chu u
trc tin, sau ngi Muslim thch th bt chc lm theo phong cch ca nhng ngi
phng ty m khng bit vic l tt hay xu.
Trn thc t th nhng b tc gi c nhng nh sn xut mua li tc ca nhng ph
n khc hay khng chng n chnh l tc ca mnh trc kia ct b, cn nguyn nhn Rosul
cm l do chng ta t thay i hnh th m Allah to ra cng nh chng ta ang bt chc
nhng ngi ngoi o, ch khng lin quan n vic phn bit cc loi tc gi no.
Mt s hc gi Islam cho rng: Nu nh nhng ngi ph n khng c tc (hay gi
cch khc l nhng ngi trc u) th c php i tc gi che giu khuyt im ca
bn thn, bi v che giu hay loi b nhng khuyt im ca bn thn l c php. Cn vic ai
i tc gi ch yu chng din cho p th b nghim cm.
Bi tc hay to kiu tc cao hn u (c hnh dng nh bu ca con lc ):
Ngha l cc ch em dng kp ci hay khn, n hoc dng cc loi khc bi tc cho
cao khi u hay to kiu tc ca mnh cao ln trong ging nh ci bu ca con lc ... Vn
ny mi c trong thi i hin nay ch khng c thi i ca Thin s , nhng Ngi
cho bit trc s c nhng ngi ph n bi tc kiu ny ((iu ny l mt trong nhng
Mujizah (s k diu) ca Thin s)), c mt hadith ni v hai nhm ngi m Thin s cha
tng thy bao gi:
Hadith do ng Abu Harayrah thut li li ca Thin s Muhammad nh sau:

ngha: "C hai loi (ngi) thuc ngi dn ca ha ngc m Ta cha tng thy h (trong
thi i trc), nhm ngi c roi nh ui ca con b h dng n nh (hnh h) ngi v
nhng ngi ph n (n mc) l th, h hang, i ng lm dng (nhm thu ht nh mt nhn),
bi tc cao nh ci bu ca con lc , h s khng c vo thin ng v cng khng c
ngi mi thm ca n."
Hadith trn chng minh rng nhng ngi ph n c nu trong hadith trn s nhn
s trng pht rt nng l s khng c vo Thin ng (n khi no Allah mun) v cng
khng c ngi mi thm ca n, m mt trong nhng ngi ph n c nhng ngi ph
Chanlyislam

n bi tc cao nh ci bu ca con lc . Do , cc ch em cn phi thn trng trong vic to

kiu tc ca mnh.
Gio lut v vic sn mng tay, chn:
y l vic ph n dng cht lng c dnh mu sc sn vo cc mng tay, chn,... sau
mt thi gian nht nh n s kh v bm vo mng tay, chn to thnh mt lp cht ngn cch
vi mng tay, chn.
Vn dng ha cht sn ln mng tay - chn lm p th mi c trong thi i
hin nay, cho nn chng ta khng tm c cc kin ca cc v hc gi xa v gio lut ca
n. Nhng cn c theo c s l thuyt trong gio lut, nu nh trong thuc sn mng khng c
cha cc cht gy hi th c php s dng (nhng khi ly nc wudu' hay khi tm sch nu
nhng ha cht l mt mng ngn cn nc n mng tay - chn th phi ty n cho sch
trc khi ly nc wudu' hay tm nc junub), cn nu nh n c cha cc ha cht gy hi
cho thn th th hon ton khng c php s dng.
Sau y l kin ca cc hc gi Islam hin nay tr li v vic sn mng tay, chn:
Tht ra nhng ph n Muslimat khng nn dng nhng loi ha cht sn mng tay - chn, nu
ch em no ang dng th nn b n, bi v khi sn nhng cht ln mng tay chn th nhng
cht s l mt mng ngn cch khng cho nc thm n mng khi ch em ph n ly nc
Wudu. Nhng nu nh ph n s dng n m chu kh ty sch n trc khi ly nc Wudu
th trong trng hp ny c nhiu kin khc nhau, nhng kin tri hn l c php nhng
vi iu kin phi chc chn rng cht sn ty sch trc khi ly nc Wudu, bi v gio
lut ly nc wudu' l bo m nc phi thm n mng tay - chn.
Gio lut v vic tm lng my:
Mt trong cc hnh thc lm p m lan rng trong cc c gi hin nay l vic lm
tm lng my cho lng my ca mnh p, hon ho hn t lm cho khun mt ca cc c
gi tr nn thanh t v quyn r hn.
Tm lng my c ngha l ch em ph n s dng cc hnh thc hay dng dng c co
ct ta hay nh nhng si lng my m h cm thy d tha, l mt trong nhng cch m
ngi ph n thch chnh sa lm p khun mt cho hon ho hn... Vy gio lut Islam ni
v vic lm th no?
Nhng ch em ph n dng bt c phng php no tm lng my ch lm p l
iu Haram (nghim cm) trong Islam. Gio lut ch cho php nhng ch em no c ru mc
di cm hay hai bn mp th gio lut cho php (hay ni chnh xc hn l cn khuyn khch)
cho cc ch em nn co hay nh n thng xuyn.
ng Abdullah bin Masud thut li Thin s Muhammad c ni:
" "
ngha: "Allah nguyn ra nhng ngi ph n xm (hnh vo thn th, mi cho ngi khc)
Chanlyislam

hay ngi i xm, v nhng ngi ph n tm lng my (cho ngi khc) hay ngi i tm lng
my, v nhng ngi ph n mi da rng v lm p, nhng ngi ph n bin i nhng
to vt ca Allah." Hadith do Muslim ghi li.
Cc hc gi Islam ni v vn ny nh sau: Ngi ph n Muslimat khng c
php tm lng my hay ct ta n hoc nh n, bi v Thin s nghim cm n trong
Hadith trn,...
Vic tm lng my tha c hai dng:
Nh lng my tha th trong trng hp ny khng c php bi v Hadith trn cm.
Cn theo phng cch ct ta th trong trng hp ny cc v hc gi a ra hai quan
im: Mt trong s h th cho rng vic ct ta lng my tha khng phi thuc din tm
lng my ca Hadith trn nhc n, mt s hc gi khc th cho rng n cng thuc loi
tm lng my khng hn khng km. Cho nn, nu khng cn thit th ch em cng khng
nn ct ta chng, tr khi lng my ca ch em no qu dy hay qu rm rp gy cn tr
tm nhn ca mt th ch em c php ta nhng phn no gy tr ngi cho tm nhn
ca mt m thi.
Gio lut s dng m phm (son, phn) lm p:
Gio lut Islam cho php cc ch em ph n c php s dng tt c cc loi m phm
lm p hin nay chn hn nh son, phn hoc cc loi tng t th, bi v nhng bng chng
v nhng nguyn tc chung ca gio l chng minh rng cc ch em ph n c quyn s
dng bt k cc loi sn phm lm p no m n khng thuc cc loi b nghim cm s dng.
Nhng bt buc chng ta phi tun th nhng iu kin sau y:
1/ Khng c php s dng vi mc ch l bt chc nhng ngi ph n ngoi o,
bi v trong gio l Islam nghim cm cc ch em Muslimah bt chc nhng cch thc
lm p (theo kiu khu gi n ng) ca h.
2/ Tuyt i nhng cht son phn s khng gy hi n c th khi s dng, bi v thn
th ca chng ta khng phi thuc quyn ca chng ta, cho nn khng c php gy tn
hi n n.
3/ Khng c php s dng qu mc hay ph trng qu mc, bi v nu s dng nhiu
qu s gy tn thng n da v ng thi n cng vo trong iu lut ti phung ph hay
lng ph.
4/ Khng c trng din (son phn) trc ngi n ng (thuc din c th ci c).
Sau y l kin ca cc hc gi Islam hin nay lin quan n vn ny:Cc loi son,
phn nu nh khng lm tn hi hoc khng phi l nguyn nhn gy tn hi n da mt th
khng vn g khi s dng n lm p, cn nu nh n l nguyn nhn gy tn hi th
khng c php s dng.
Chanlyislam

 Gio lut v vic lt da mt:

Vic lt da mt c bit n thi xa, nhng khc bit l ph n ngy xa ngi ta
s dng ngh t nhin lt lp cng trn da mt, cn trong thi i chng ta hin nay th cc
ch em s dng cc loi m phm lt da hoc lp kh cng trn da mt. Th gio lut v n
th no?
Cc Hc gi Islam cha thng nht v vn ny, h c hai quan im khc nhau:
1/ Quan im th nht: Mt trong s h th cho rng khng c php lt da mt, bi v:
- Th nht: Vic lm cng l mt trong nhng vic lm thay i to vt ca Allah m
trong Hadith phn trn cm nh vic tm lng my hay da rng hay...
- Th hai: Hadith t B Aysha thut li rng:

( - - )
ngha: "Thin s nguyn ra ph n lt da mt (cho ngi khc) hay c lt da mt,
v ph n xm (mnh, mi cho ngi khc) hay c xm, v ph n ni (tc cho ngi khc)
hay c ni (tc)." Hadith trong cun Musnad ca ng Ahmed, nhng con ng dn Hadith
n l yu (Doif).
- Th ba: N lm tn hi hay gy d ng cho da mt.
2/ Quan im th hai: Theo mt s hc gi khc th cho rng c php lt da mt, bi v:
- Th nht: Hadith ca quan im th nht chng minh l yu, cho nn khng c
dng chng minh.
- Th hai: Vic ph n bt phn hay m phm lt lp cng trn da mt bn ngoi
hin ln lp trong l lm thay i to vt ca Allah m trong Hadith cm l khng
hp l, bi v c hai lp da u l to vt ca Allah, v vic ny cng ging nh vic ti
to t bo.
- Th ba: Cn vic lm tn hi hay d ng cho da mt th c th khc phc c n, nu
nh chng ta tin hnh thc hin theo s ch dn hoc di s gim st ca cc y bc s.
- Th t: Theo nguyn tc chung l tt c mi th u c php, tr khi no c bng
chng chnh xc chng minh l n thuc vo iu cm, nhng vn ny khng c bng
chng c th no chng minh l cm.
Sau y l kin tm tt ca Hc gi Islam hin nay v vn trn: Nu nh cc cht
ny ch c cng dng tng t nh son, phn hoc nh cc m phm dng da thng thng th
c php s dng, cn nu nh n c cng dng lt lp kh cng trn da mt th theo s ng
Hc gi Islam khng c php, cn mt s khc th cho rng n c php. Nhng g hin r
th c php s dng cc cht t nhin hay cc m phm lm trng hay dng da mt
(nhng phi tun th bn iu kin trn), cn i vi vic c s phn bit gia n c cng dng
di hay ngn th khng r rng. Allah l ng Thng Lm tt c.
Chanlyislam

 Gio lut v vic da rng v chnh rng (chnh nha):

1. Gio lut v vic mi da rng:
l vic mi da, p ni rng nanh hay rng khnh, hoc bng cch no p
rng nanh gi tm thi hay gn vnh vin vo rng, tro lu ny khng cn xa l g vi cc gii
tr hin nay v coi l mt cch lm p th hin ci ti c tnh ca mnh. Th vic lm ny
trong gio lut Islam c cho php hay khng?
Gio lut Islam nghim cm vic da rng, cho nn nhng ngi da cho ngi khc hay
nhng ngi i da u c ti, bi v n l vic lm gi to v thay i to vt ca Allah cng
nh Thin s c ni trong Hadith ca ng Abdullah bin Masud c Imam Muslim ghi li
nh sau:

" "
ngha: "Allah nguyn ra nhng ngi ph n xm (hnh vo thn th, mi cho ngi khc)
hay ngi i xm, v nhng ngi ph n tm lng my (cho ngi khc) hay ngi i tm lng
my, v nhng ngi ph n mi da rng v lm p, nhng ngi ph n bin i
nhng to vt ca Allah."
Cu ni ca Thin s : "...v nhng ngi ph n mi da rng v lm p..." th chng ta
c th hiu rng Thin s cm mi da rng vi mc ch lm p, cn nu nh mi da rng
l iu cn thit phi lm iu tr rng theo phng php ca cc Nha s th c php.
2. Gio lut v vic chnh rng (chnh nha):
Chnh rng hay chnh nha l vic dch chuyn nhng ci rng b lch lc, chen chc
hay x lch v y cng l phng php a rng tr li v tr ng ca n v ng thi gip
cho rng c cn i li v khe mnh hn. Th gio lut Islam c cho php lm vic ny?
Mc ch chnh hng u ca vic chnh rng l iu tr cho rng, cn vn lm p th
n ch l mc ch ph theo sau vic iu tr. T y chng ta c th ni rng c php thc
hin qu trnh chnh rng hay chnh nha, bi v trong Hadith Usamah bin Sharik thut li rng:
Nhng ngi du mc hi Thin s : -Tha Thin s ca Allah, chng ta c c (php)
cha tr (bnh) hay khng? Thin s tr li: c, hi b ti ca Allah, khi bnh cc ngi
hy cha tr, bi v Allah cho bt k loi bnh no Ngi cng u li thuc cha tr, hoc
ng truyn khc Ngi c ni: (tt c) u c thuc tr, tr khi mt loi bnh duy nht.
H hi tip: Tha Thin s ca Allah, l loi bnh no vy? Ngi ni: Tui gi". Hadith
do At-Tirmizhi ghi li.
Chng ta c th rt ra bng chng t Hadith trn l:
- Th nht: Qu trnh thc hin vic chnh rng hay chnh nha n cng thuc khun kh
ca vic iu tr.
- Th hai: Vic chnh rng cng gip loi b tc hi xu tn ti trong rng khp khnh
hay chen chc ln c th v tm hn. Tn hi xu ln c th chng hn nh mt hm
rng khp khnh v chen chc thng rt kh lm sch, iu ny khng ch lm cho
chng d b su rng m cn d b vim hm, cc vn khc c th xy ra l mn men
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rng bt thng, to lc qu ti ln xng hm, lm ri lon hot ng ca khp thi

dng hm v c th dn n au khp, au u hoc au c mn tnh, ngoi vic gim
kh nng n nhai, sai khp cn cn nh hng n h hp, tun hon mu v pht m,
iu ny c cc y bc s chng minh. Cn tn hi xu ln tm hn chng hn nh
vic c hm rng lch lc s gy nh hng n s cn i ca khun mt, t gy tc
ng xu n tm l ca chng ta nh b bnh trm cm v thiu t tin vi khun mt
ca mnh. Do gio lut cho php c chnh rng loi b cc tc hi xu trn,
chng ta c nguyn tc gio l: s tn hi c php loi b.
- Th ba: S khc bit gia vic chnh rng v da rng l: Mc ch ca vic chnh
rng l iu chnh li v a rng vo li v tr t nhin ca n, hoc loi b nhng tn
hi c trong rng chen chc hay khp khnh. Cn i vi vic da rng l mi da, p
vo hoc ct b nhng rng di, t s lm cho rng khng cn dng t nhin ca n.
T nhng chng minh trn chng ta c th khng nh c rng cho php chnh rng
hay chnh nha bi v vic lm ny khng thuc vo khun kh da rng m trong gio
lut cm.
Gio lut v vic xm hnh:
Xm hnh trn thn th c bit n l vic dng cy kim xm ht mc xm mu en
hay c mu sc pha ch sn v tin hnh xm ln vng da mnh mong mun vi cc hnh
khc nhau. Th Islam c cho php lm iu hay khng?
Gio lut Islam nghim cm vic xm hnh ln thn th vi bt c hnh thc no, bi
Thin s c ni trong Hadith ca Abdullah bin Masud c Imam Muslim ghi li nh
sau:

" "
ngha: "Allah nguyn ra nhng ngi ph n xm (hnh vo thn th, mi cho ngi khc)
hay ngi i xm, v nhng ngi ph n tm lng my (cho ngi khc) hay ngi i tm lng
my, v nhng ngi ph n mi da rng v lm p, nhng ngi ph n bin i nhng
to vt ca Allah."
Do ngi xm cho ngi khc hoc ngi i xm u mang ti nh nhau. Cn i vi
nhng ai em tr con cha n tui (dy th) i xm th ngi a i s b mang ti cn tr con
s khng c ti.
Cho nn nhng ngi xm hnh vo c th bt buc phi ty xa n bng mi cch v
vi tt c kh nng ca mnh c th lm c, cn nu nh khng th no hoc khng c kh
nng ty xa n do s b hu qu nghim trng ca vic ty xa em li nh b hy i phn c
th c hnh xm trn n hoc tng t th, th khng bt buc phi lm iu .
Cc loi xm hnh hin nay:
Trong x hi hin nay xm hnh hay cn gi l xm hnh ngh thut khng cn xa l na,
n l mt trong nhng tro lu lm p ang rt thnh hnh trong gii tr hin nay, h ngh rng
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vic lm th hin ci ti hoc c tnh ca bn thn mnh. mt s ni vic xm hnh cng

c tnh nh l mt hnh thc lm p cho cc cp v chng mi ci hoc cc bn tr. Mt s
n gii th dng n nh l mt loi hnh lm vic vnh vin v ln lng my v xung quanh
mi v lng mi, cng nh th mt s nam gii th c quan im c th nh n cc hnh xm
th hin c sc mnh v nim t ho ca mnh hoc th hin c mt c tnh no . H s
n vi cc chuyn gia xm hnh v ln c th ca h, bi v h coi n cng l mt tc phm
ngh thut nh vic khc ln tm bng lu nim.
Tin s Mohamed Uthman Shuber ni: Con ngi ang bc vo iu ti t trong vic
s dng cc loi hnh xm vo c th nh l mt loi hnh ngh thut, mt s n ng th xm
vo thn th ca mnh nhng hnh nh cc con ng vt chng hn nh con s t hay hnh nh
cc loi chim, mt s khc th xm vo tay ca mnh hnh tri tim hay xm tn ngi m mnh
yu thch, cn ph n th h xm vo mi cho mi mnh lun gi c mu xanh. Vic xm
hnh khng ch dng li m n cn pht trin hn trong x hi hin nay, thm ch h xm
cc hnh nh ln ton thn th ca mnh v ngh rng n l mt hnh thc lm p. Tt c
nhng vic lm u nm trong ngha ca Hadith nghim cm xm hnh, nhng ngi thc
hin n u b s nguyn ra
Gio lut v vic s dng lng mi nhn to (lng mi gi):
Lng mi gi hay lng mi nhn to l nhng si mng c lm t mt s vt liu
nha, n c gn lin vi m mt (nh vo cht kt dnh) ca nhng ngi no c lng mi
ngn hoc mng mi khi tham gia d tic, v n c tho ra sau khi kt thc bui d tic.
Hin nay, nhiu ngi c lng mi ngn hoc mng u v ang mun gn lng mi gi
gip cho cp mt c tnh cch quyn r hn. Th trong gio lut c cho php s dng loi
lng mi gi ny hay khng?
Theo kin ca cc hc gi Islam cho rng: i vi vic s dng lng mi gi hay lng
mi nhn to th n khng c php, bi v khi chng ta gn nhng si lng mi gi vo nhng
si lng mi tht lm cho n thm dy hn v lm cho khun mt ca chng ta thm quyn r
hn, iu ny cng ging nh vic chng ta ni tc gi vo tc tht m Thin s nghim cm
n trong Hadith: ()
"Allah nguyn ra ph n ni (tc) cho ngi khc v ph n i ni (tc). Cn i vi vic
chng ta ch dng cc loi m phm trang im sn ln lng mi tht th iu ny khng nm
trong nhng iu cm k (nu nh n khng phi l nhng sn phm cm s dng).
Hn th na trong y hc cng chng minh rng khi s dng lng mi gi n s gy ra
nhng bin chng in hnh l:
1/ D ng
S dng lng mi gi c th dn n cc phn ng d ng da v mt do xut pht t cht
kt dnh c s dng gn lng gi vo mi mt.
2/ Gy p lc cho mi mt
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12

Khi s dng, lp mi nhn to s phi ln hng mi tht thi gian di. Ngoi ra, lc
tho lng mi gi, bn c th v tnh ko bay c nhng si lng mi tht. S dng thng
xuyn cc ha cht c hi vo lng mi t nhin c gy thit hi ng k ti cc nang
lng mi khin chng tr nn tha tht, gin, d gy. Nu ko di tnh trng ny s nh
hng nghim trng n s pht trin ca lng mi t nhin.
3/ D ht bi bn v vi khun
Lng mi gi l mt nguy c gy mt v sinh cho mt v chng c lm bng cht liu
tng hp v keo nn c xu hng d dnh bn v to iu kin cho vi khun pht trin.
4/ S dng thng xuyn lng mi gi c th dn ti m la
Lng mi t nhin bo v mt khi bi v m hi trong khi lng mi gi s c th gy
nhim trng cho mt v dn n m la.
5/ C th dn n rng lng mi tng vng
Trong mt s trng hp, lng mi hon ton bin mt v khng mc li. Nu c mc li
th phi mt vi thng sau.
6/ Nhim c
Keo dnh lng mi gi thng c lm t cht "Formaldehyd" rt nguy hi cho sc khe.
Nu gn mi gi thng xuyn th lng "Formaldehyd" ny c th thm nhp vo c th
v gy nn tnh trng nhim c ko di rt nguy him cho sc khe.
7/ Thay i mu mt
Trong mt s trng hp c bit, gn mi gi c th nh hng n lng sc t nu
mng mt, gy vim mng mt v dn n mu mt thay i.
T nhng chng minh trn chng ta c th kt lun rng: Gio lut Islam nghim cm
khng c php s dng lng mi gi do n ri vo khun kh ca vic ni tc v lm
gi to to vt ca Allah m Hadith cm, ng thi n cng gy tn hi n c th
trong khi Islam cm iu .
Gio lut v vic eo knh p trng mu sc:
Knh p trng l mt loi ph kin nh lm bng nha, c t vo bn trong mt,
ngi ta eo n thay th knh thng. Trong vi nm tr li y knh p trng mu sc c
yu thch v cng, c bit l cc quc gia Chu , bi v l mt cch lm p cho mt, n
khin mt to hn vi rt nhiu mu sc, ha tit. Th chng ta c c php s dng n hay
khng?
Theo kin ca cc Hc gi Islam hin nay: Nu nh eo n nhm mc ch em li li
ch cho mt chng hn nh bo v mt hoc tng cng sc khng hay sc nhn cho
mt th trong trng hp ny khng vn g d knh p trng mu sc hay knh p trng
thng. Cn nu nh eo n ch nhm mc ch lm p m khng gy tn hi n mt th tt
nht chng ta ng nn eo v lu ngy s gy nh hng n mt. Cn nu nh eo n lm tn
hi n mt th tuyt i khng c php eo v Allah c phn:
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{V ch t hy (hoc git hi ln nhau). Qu tht, Allah Hng khoan dung cho cc

ngi} An-Nisa: 29.
Di y l khuyn co ca y hc v vic eo knh p trong mu:
Theo mt cuc iu tra mi y ti Trung Quc, knh p trng mu sc thc s c kh
nng gy hi cho mt. Cc chuyn gia c thm quyn tin hnh th nghim trn loi th, loi
ng vt ph hp nht i vi th nghim loi ny. Sau 10 ngy th nghim, kt qu cho thy
knh p trng mu sc thc s gy tn thng ng k vi mt con th.
Bc s khoa mt ca mt trong nhng bnh vin hng u Ty An, Trung Quc cho bit :
Knh p trng mu c ph mt lp mu ln mt knh." Mt cng cn phi th, m thng
thng eo knh p trng ging nh vic eo mt n ln mt, knh p trng c mu l mt lp
mt n mu sc, thm mt lp mu ph bn ngoi knh p trng, mt s cng kh tip th oxy.
S dng knh p trng thi gian di s dn n hin tng mt thiu oxy, gy cc hin tng
nh vim, au, kh mt. Vn cng ng lo lng khi mt lot knh p trng khng t cht
lng chun b pht hin, knh p trng mu ng l phi c 3 lp, tuy nhin tit kim chi
ph, ngi ta n gin thnh 2 lp, gy nguy hi cho mt ngi s dng.
Vi mt s loi knh p trng mu km cht lng, mu c qut mt lp mu ln b
mt hoc mt bn tri hoc bn phi, lp sn mu c th b trc ra, gy hin tng vim kt mc
hay au mt .
Do chng ta khng nn s dng knh p trng ch v mc ch lm p.

Nhng li khuyn cho cc ch em ph n khi lm p.

1. V nhng vn lin quan n thi trang, model:
Mt trong nhng n hu v i m Allah ban cho chng ta l dn dt chng ta n vi
con ng ngay thng, n vi ho quang ca Islam, mt tn gio dy cho chng ta tt c
nhng kha cnh ca cuc sng th gian t nhng vic th phng ng Allah n vic dy
cho chng ta nhng o c tt p v li sng, cch n mc,...
Nhng tht rt ng bun vi nhng g ang lan rng trong cng ng Muslim trong thi
i hin nay m chng ta thy rt r rng, c th l vic m ngi Muslim ni chung v
ngi Muslimat ni ring ang theo ui nhng thi trang mi m hay model mi t cc nc
phng ng hay phng Ty. H c gng dng phng cch thi trang ny n xm
nhp vo t tng, vo c tin v vo vn ha ca nhng ngi Muslim chng ta, do s
thiu o c trong cch n mc, lm p ang ngy cng lan rng trong cc tn Islam, v
y cng l mt cch thc hu hiu nht m h dng n xm nhp vo t tng ca cc ch
em ph n Muslimat, v ph n l nhng ngi rt thch lm p.
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i khi nhng ch vit, nhng hnh nh, nhng biu tng hay nhng khu hiu trn
qun o, giy dp, hay trang sc ca h sn xut ra l nhng li ku gi cho s thiu vn ha,
thiu o c trong Islam trong khi chng ta li khng nhn ra iu , cng tng t nh
nhng hnh ch thp m h khu n ln vi, ln qun o hay ln trang sc.
Do bt buc cc ch em ph n cn phi c lng knh s Allah trong cch n mc v
lm p ca mnh, bi v nhng g m Allah cho php chng ta nhiu hn so vi nhng g m
Ngi cm n. V cng bt buc chng ta cn phi trnh xa nhng g ang xm nhp t phng
Ty m n tri vi khun kh Gio lut ca Islam, v chng ta cn phi chn la k cng, thn
trng trong vic chn trang phc v cch lm p ca mnh.
2. V vn lng ph thi gian, tin bc lm p:
Nh chng ta bit thi gian l cuc sng, n rt qu bu i vi con ngi v n tri i
rt nhanh, nhng g mt khi tri qua th n s khng bao gi quay tr li hay b p li c.
Do bt buc mi ngi Muslim chng ta d nam hay n cng cn phi bit tht trn trng
thi gian v tin bc ca mnh, nu nh cc ch em b ra kh nhiu thi gian ca mnh vo vic
ngi trc gng trang im khun mt hay mi tc ca mnh hay nhng vic tng t th,
th chng ta s ri vo ti cng vi nhng nhm ngi lng ph thi gian v tin bc vo nhng
vic lm khng mang li nhiu li ch.
Qu tht, Islam cho php ph n c lm p dng n lm hnh thc ch khng phi
dng n lm mc tiu sng ca chng ta, hnh thc y c ngha l dng n nh l mt
cch thc th hin ci n tnh ph n hoc th hin mt ngoi hnh p , hon ho
trc mt ngi chng ca mnh lm tng thm tnh cm v chng, nhng tt c nhng iu
bt buc phi c chng mc, theo khun mu cho php ca Gio Lut Islam, khng c
lng ph tin bc hay thi gian ch dnh vo vic sa son lm p.
Chng ta hy th ngh s c c bit bao nhiu li ch khi chng ta dnh thi gian ca
vic sa son, lm p cho vic th phng Allah, chm sc gia nh hay cho cc vic lm hu
ch khc? V nu nh chng ta dng s tin lng ph vo vic lm p cho vic lm b th cho
nhng ngi ngho xung quanh chng ta ang mt ba i mt ba no th c bao nhiu li
ch? Lng ph thi gian, tin bc cho vic lm p l mt vic lm m Islam khng hi lng,
khng khuyn khch n, cng nh th khng hi lng khi chng ta lng ph thi gian cho vic
tm kim nhng phng tin, hnh thc lm p hay cho vic theo ui nhng thi trang mi,
nhng model mi hay cho vic thng xuyn i siu th khi khng cn thit. Chng ta cn phi
bit hi lng v trn trng nhng thi gian v tin bc m Allah ban n cho chng ta ch nn
lng ph n.
Hi cc ch em Muslimat, hy knh s Allah trong cch n din v sa son ca mnh,
bi v vai tr ca cc bn l mt tm gng cho con ci ca cc bn cng nh cho ngi khc
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noi theo, tng t cc bn ging nh con chim u n ang dn by chim pha sau bay theo,
mt khi i sai ng th tt c n chim pha sau cng sai theo, do hy thn trng tr
thnh mt tm gng tt cho con chu sau ny.
Hi nhng ngi chng, nhng ngi cha hay nhng ngi gim h m di quyn
gim h ca mnh c nhng ngi v, nhng ngi con gi, hy knh s Allah m thc hin tt
vic gim h ca mnh. Ch nn h (v) tr thnh mn chi ca nhng nh thit k thi
trang, m ng hn bt buc chng ta cn phi quan tm h nhiu hn bng cch khuyn dy
h, v gim st h theo cch tt p nht.
Hi nhng ngi thng gia ang bun bn Muslim hay nhng ngi ang sn xut
thi trang cho ngi Muslim, hy nn nh rng Allah ang gim st chng ta, do chng ta
ch thng mi, bun bn nhng loi trang phc hay nhng sn phm i tri vi Gio Lut
Islam, bi v chng ta s chu trch nhim v nhng g chng ta bn n ra.
Cng t y kt thc sch ca chng ta, nu c nhng li tri hay kh nghe hay sai
xt mong cc bn Maaf cho mnh. V cu xin Allah ban cho n c li ch cho nhng ngi
c n.

Qua bi hc ny rt mong cc bn c rt c bi hc kinh nghim cho bn thn mnh,

thn trng trong vic eo cc loi trang sc hay mc o c hnh sinh vt sng trn v c bit
l treo cc bc tranh c hnh sinh vt sng.
Cu xin Allah ban bi vit ny c ch cho bn thn ti cng tt c cc bn c gi.
Wassalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

:
Abu Fadil (Sinh vin University Of Islamic Madinah)
Trch t trang web: http://www.alukah.net/publications_competitions/0/41512/

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