Suachuamainboardpclaptop PDF

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP
BI 1: TNG QUAN LAPTOP

Mc tiu
Hiu bit tng qut v Laptop
Nhn din cc thnh phn trn Laptop
Tho v lp Laptop
I. TNG QUAN LAPTOP

1. Gii thiu
Hnh 1.1: My tnh Laptop

My tnh xch tay (Laptop Computer) l mt my tnh c sn xut c lp vi mc
ch di chuyn nn c kch thc thu nh, trng lng nh, y cc thnh phn c
bn ca my tnh bn (Desktop Computer) v c th hot ng t ngun PIN.
Ngoi cc c tnh v thng s k thut c bn ca mt my tnh thng thng nh:
Tc x l, dung lng RAM, dung lng HDD, Nhng do my tnh Laptop c thit
c 110AC nn c mt
k nh gn v s dng khi khng c ngun in li 220AC ho
s c tnh khc nh: Kch thc, trng lng, dung lng PIN,
Cc thnh phn ca my tnh xch tay
Tc x l:
Hnh 1.2: Socket v CPU laptop
B x l c thit k ring vi s ch trng vo hiu nng v tit kim nng

lng.
Chng c th thay i tc ty theo nhu cu ca h thng.
KHOA S CP NGH
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Mt s my tnh xch tay s dng b x l ca my tnh bn nhm gim gi
thnh (thng rt t ch c mt s Pentium III v Pentium IV i u).
Mainboard:
Hnh 1.3: Mainboard laptop

Mainboard l mt bn mch in t trong my tnh Laptop, cc thnh phn linh
kin ca my u c kt ni qua cc cng, slot hoc socket c tch hp trn
Mainboard. Khng ging nh Mainboard Desktop, Mainboard Laptop khng th s
dng chung cho cc my, mi Mainboard Laptop c hnh dng v kch thc khc
nhau ty thuc vo cc dng my v nh sn xut Laptop nn khng th thay th
Mainboard t my ny sang my khc (v d: khng th thay th Mainboard
Laptop TOSHIBA vo Laptop DELL).
Mainboard Laptop lun c cc cng v khe cm kt ni nh:
Kt ni cng Hard drive (HDD)
Kt ni a quang CD/DVD drive
Khe cm b nh Memory (RAM)
Kt ni PIN (Battery)
Kt ni bn phm Keyboard
Jacks m thanh Audio (headphone and microphone)
iu khin m lng
Cng kt ni USB
Cng kt ni mng Eithernet (RJ45 aka network)
Cng kt ni thit b s IEEE 1394 (Fire Wire)
Chp Video, mt s cng kt ni v cc thnh phn khc
RAM:
My tnh xch tay s dng loi RAM ring SO-DIMM, chng ngn hn v
thng rng hn my tnh bn LONG-DIMM. S chn Module RAM:
SDRAM: 72 hoc 144 chn
DDR v DDR II: 200 chn
Mt my tnh xch tay thng c 2 khe cm RAM, dung lng ti a trn mi
laptop ty thuc vo tng dng my.
KHOA S CP NGH
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Hnh 1.4: RAM laptop

HDD:
Hnh 1.5: HDD 2.5 laptop

cng my tnh xch tay c chun 2.5 c kch thc nh hn cc cng ca
my tnh bn chun 3.5.
Chun giao tip ATA truyn thng hoc chun SATA trong cc my th h mi
gn y.
My tnh Netboot v Noteboot thng s dng Flash thay th cng.
VGA:
Thng c tch hp trn cc chipset hoc tch hp trn bo mch ch.
Cc my ph thng v tm trung s dng chc nng ha tch hp trn
chipset v s dng b nh ha chia s t RAM ca b nh h thng.
KHOA S CP NGH
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Hnh 1.6: Chp cu Bc Nvidia
Cc my tnh xch tay cao cp, b x l ha c th c tch ri v gn

trc tip trn bo mch ch, c th s dng RAM ring hoc mt phn RAM ca
h thng.
Hnh 1.7: Card VGA laptop

Mn hnh:
Hnh 1.8: Mn hnh LCD laptop
KHOA S CP NGH
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Mn hnh my tnh xch tay lun thuc loi mn hnh tinh th lng, mt s
my mi gn y s dng mn hnh LED tit kim c nng lng v cho
hnh nh tt hn mn hnh LCD s dng n neon thng thng.
Chng c gn trn thn my v khng th tch ri. Mt s my tnh xch
tay thit k mn hnh quay c v gp li che bn phm, kt hp vi th loi
ny thng l mn hnh cm ng.
Nng lng cung cp:
Hnh 1.9: B ngun laptop

B ngun ca my tnh xch tay thng c thit k bn ngoi khi my tnh
tit kim khng gian.
in nng cung cp cho my tnh xch tay ch c mt cp in p mt chiu
DC duy nht, ty theo tng loi my tnh ca cc nh sn xut c cc in p
khc nhau nhng thng thp hn 24V DC (15V, 18.5V, 19V, 20V DC).
Nng lng cung cp cho my tnh xch tay: ngun in dn dng v PIN.
Kt ni mng (Network):
a phn cc my tnh xch tay u c tch hp sn cc b iu hp mng:
Mng khng dy Wireless theo cc chun thng dng 802.11a/b/g/n
(54,11,54,240 Mbps). Cc Card Wireless thng c kt ni vi my qua cc
khe cm m rng nh: PCMCIA, Mini PCI (cc th h my c) hoc Mini PCIe
(my th h mi)
Hnh 1.10: Card PCMCIA
Hnh 1.11: Card Wireless chun Slot Mini PCI
KHOA S CP NGH
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Hnh 1.12: Card Wireless chun Slot Mini PCIe
Kt ni mng hu tuyn LAN: RJ-45 tc cao (10,100,1000 Mbps)

Kt ni mng hu tuyn Internet quay s Modem: RJ-11
Hnh 1.13: Jack kt ni mng RJ11 v RJ45

Mt s my tnh xch tay c trang b thm mt s tnh nng v tin ch cho my
nh:
Bluetooth: thit k h tr kt ni khng dy vi cc thit b s nh: in thoi
di ng, PDA, tai nghe khng dy,Tc ti a 1 Mbps khong cch 30 feet
hay gn 10 m.
Hng ngoi Infrared: kt ni vi cc thit b nh: in thoi di ng, camera
k thut s,
Bn phm (Keyboard) v chut cm ng (Touchpad):
Bn phm (Keyboard) my tnh xch tay thng khng tun theo tiu chun
ca cc bn phm thng thng. Phm s Num Lock c loi b, c thm
phm Fn kt hp vi cc phm chc nng F1, F2, F3, to thnh phm chc
nng th 2 ring bit.
Hnh 1.14: Bn phm v chut cm ng laptop
KHOA S CP NGH
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Chut cm ng (Touchpad) l thit b cm ng theo s chuyn ng ca ngn
tay qua b mt ca n v hin th s chuyn ng trn mn hnh. Cc nt
pha di Touchpad thc hin cc chc nng ging nh cc nt trn chut.
Multimedia:
Loa lun c tch hp sn trn my tnh xch tay nhng chng c cht lng
v cng sut thp.
Webcam, Micro cng thng c tch hp mt s my sn xut gn y,
chng c cng dng c th hi hp trc tuyn hoc tn gu qua mng
Internet.
Hnh 1.15: Cc jack cm m thanh laptop

Kch thc v trng lng:
Ty thuc vo tng loi my tnh xch tay cho tng i tng s dng:
Doanh nhn: Thng phi lm vic v di chuyn nn my thng c kch
thc nh, trng lng thp, thi gian s dng PIN di.
Game th hoc ngi thit k ha: Thng s dng mn hnh c kch
thc ln nn trng lng cng ln.
thun tin trong qu trnh di chuyn trng lng cng thp cng tt.
PIN:
Hnh 1.16: PIN laptop
Vi mc ch khng s dng ngun in dn dng trong qu trnh lm vic khi

di chuyn nn dung lng PIN l yu t quan trng nh gi mt my tnh
xch tay.
PIN c dung lng cng ln th thi gian lm vic cng lu, PIN cng nhiu
Cell th dung lng cng ln.
2. Cc khe cm trn my tnh xch tay
KHOA S CP NGH
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Hnh 1.17: Cc khe cm v thit b trn laptop

Cc my laptop thng tch hp nhiu khe cm ni vi nhng thit b khc
nhau. Hiu r chc nng ca cc khe cm ny s tn dng c sc mnh ca
chic my laptop. So vi my tnh bn, laptop c nhiu khe cm kt ni vi
cc thit b ngoi vi khc nhau.
Do vy, nu bit cch dng ht cc cng trn laptop th c th khai thc ht cc
tnh nng kt ni ca laptop.
Khe cm VGA:
Hu ht cc laptop d i c hay i mi u c khe cm VGA (khe cm mn hnh
thng thy my tnh bn, nm trn card mn hnh ri hay Mainboard c
card mn hnh onboard).
Hnh 1.18: Khe cm VGA
C th dng khe cm ny a tn hiu hnh nh ca laptop ra my chiu, mn

hnh ngoi dng LCD hay CRT hoc mt s loi tivi c cng VGA.
Sau khi kt ni thit b mn hnh bn ngoi vi laptop, phi bm cc t hp phm
c quy nh ca nh sn xut my tnh kt ni tn hiu hnh nh t laptop
sang thit b va kt ni. Ty theo cch chn trong lc bm phm, m tn hiu hnh
nh c th c ng thi c laptop v thit b va kt ni, hoc ch c 1 trong 2
c thit bi ma n hin h bn ngoa i).
thit b ( Laptop ho
T hp phm bm xut tn hiu thng thy cc dng laptop l Fn + F7, Fn +
F8, bm gi phm Fn ri bm nhiu ln phm F7 hoc F8 chn ch xut hnh
song song hay duy nht.
Ngoi ra, nu thit b nhn tn hiu (nh my chiu) c nhiu khe nhn tn hiu th
phi chn khe cm tn hiu VGA, mt s loi t ng tm v nhn tn hiu hnh nh
m khng cn phi chn.
KHOA S CP NGH
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Khe S-Video:
Hnh 1.19: Khe cm S-Video

Khe cm ny c dng gn ging nh cng PS/2 cm chut v bn phm. N cng
cho php ngi dng xut tn hiu hnh nh ra cc thit b bn ngoi nh
cp khe cm VGA, tt nhin l cc thit b nhn tn hiu phi c khe cm S-Video
in.
Trn laptop, n thng dng S-video out, xut tn hiu ra ngoi. Mt s loi
laptop cao cp h tr mnh v ha th c thm cng S-Video in nhn cc tn
hiu hnh nh t cc thit b khc vo my tnh bt hnh (Caputre).
Sau khi kt ni cc thit b bng cng S-Video, nu thit b nhn cha c tn
hiu, bn cng phi bm cc t hp phm kt ni nh trn.
Khe HDMI:
Hnh 1.20: Khe HDMI

y l khe cm xut hnh nh v m thanh theo chun HD sang cc thit b c
cng HDMI nh mn hnh LCD, tivi, u a... N c dng dp gn ging vi cng
USB. V l loi cng dng cho cc thit b i mi nn n ch c t cc dng laptop
i mi c h tr chun hnh nh HD, thng c ghi trong cu hnh lc mua
laptop.
Khe USB:
y l loi khe cm ph bin v thng dng nht. Khng cn phi m t nhiu,
c th d dng nhn dng n v cm cc thit b thng dng nh a flash USB,
chut dng khe cm USB, bn phm dng khe cm USB, a cng gn ngoi hoc
cc hp ng a cng gn ngoi dng khe cm USB.
Ngoi ra, c th dng khe cm USB cho cc thit b: u c th nh, to thm
nhiu cng USB, sc in thoi di ng, sc my nghe nhc MP3/MP4 hoc iPod,
loa dng cng USB c tch hp sn card m thanh, cng bluetooth hoc hng
ngoi, hoc thm ch l u chuyn t khe cm USB thnh khe cm mng LAN,
hoc thnh khe cm c 2 cng PS/2 cm chut v bn phm.
Hnh 1.21: Khe cm USB
KHOA S CP NGH
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Nu laptop ch c 2 khe cm USB, trong khi cn kt ni cng lc nhiu thit b
dng khe cm USB, c th mua thit b hub USB to thm cc khe cm USB
song song.
Cc khe cm m thanh:
y cng l khe cm thng dng c dng jack trn. Thng th, mi laptop ch
c 2 khe cm m thanh, l: headphone (hoc line out) dng xut tn hiu
m thanh ra loa ngoi hoc tai nghe; v khe cm m thanh cn li l Mic dng
kt ni vi micro ngoi.
Do vy, khi dng laptop c ni mng Internet gi in thoi quc t VoIP, phi
cm 2 dy headphone v micro ca tai nghe vo tng cng tng ng.
Khc vi my tnh bn, laptop thng khng c cng line in nhn tn hiu
m thanh t cc thit b pht m thanh khc v lu li thnh file. Hoc nu c th
phi chy chng trnh iu khin card m thanh ca hng sn xut laptop
chuyn 1 trong 2 cng m thanh thnh khe cm line in.
Hnh 1.22: Cc cng giao tip laptop

Khe cm mng Internet:
Hu ht cc laptop u c cng mng LAN RJ-45 kt ni mng bng dy cp.
Cng ny c dng hnh vung, bn trong c 4 im tip xc dng nm nghing...
Hnh 1.23: Khe cm RJ45
Khe cm mng Internet th hai thng c trn laptop l khe RJ-11. N cng c
dng hnh vung nhng nh hn khe RJ-45, v bn trong ch c 2 im tip xc
KHOA S CP NGH
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dng nm nghing. Khe cm ny dng kt ni mng Internet dng quay s
dial-up qua ng dy in thoi.
Vi xu hng dng bng thng rng ADSL nn mt s hng sn xut laptop b
cng RJ-11 tit kim chi ph, cc dng Netbook dng CPU Atom ca Intel
thng khng c khe ny, ch c khe RJ-45.
Khe IEEE 1394:
Hnh 1.24: Khe cm IEEE 1394

Khe cm ny thng ch c cc dng laptop c card mn hnh ri, dng nhn
tn hiu m thanh v hnh nh t my quay video dng bng mini DV, t bt
hnh v lu li tng file. N c dng vung v c g chn gia, thng c s
1394 hay ch FireWire ngay trn cng.
Khe eSATA:
Khe ny c dng gn ging nh khe SATA trn a cng hoc Mainboard hoc
thy cp SATA. Tuy nhin, c th rt v cm bnh thng nh khe cm USB m
khng phi tt my tnh thc hin ri khi ng li nh khe cm SATA. N
dng kt ni vi a cng hoc cc thit b lu tr c khe cm eSATA.
Khe cm th nh:
N c dng mt khe nh c cc on ngn v di tng ng vi kch thc ca
mt s loi th nh m n h tr. Phn ln, khe cm ny ch h tr cc loi th
nh thng dng nh SD, MMC, MS, CF... s dng trong my chp hnh k thut
s, my nghe nhc MP3/MP4, in thoi di ng. Nu khng c khe cm ny th
bn phi sm u c th nh.
Khe cm m rng PCMCIA v Express card:
Hnh 1.25: Khe m rng PCMCIA
Cng c dng khe nhng rng v su hn so vi khe cm th nh. Hn na, n

thng c che chn bi np y hoc ming nha gi thit b c khe cm
PCMCIA. Laptop i c thng c 2 khe cm ny, nhng laptop i mi ch cn li
1 khe hoc b b i, hoc thay bng khe cm Express card.
Khe cm PCMCIA cho php ngi dng b sung thm cc tnh nng m laptop cn
thiu bng cch mua v cm thm loi card PCMCIA v m thanh, hnh nh, wifi,
LAN, USB 2.0... Hnh thc m rng ca n tng t nh khe cm PCI my tnh
bn.
Express card l khe cm c ci tin t khe cm PCMCIA theo hnh thc thu nh
b rng v chiu su ca khe cm. Do vy, n cng thm c tnh nng cho
laptop nh khi dng khe cm PCMCIA, tuy nhin hin nay s loi card m rng
dng khe cm Express card khng nhiu.
KHOA S CP NGH
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3. Mt s chc nng v cng ngh trn my tnh xch tay
Chc nng khi phc nhanh - recovery: khi phc h thng nhanh nht
khi xy ra li, my tnh xch tay thng c thit k cc hnh thc khi phc
thng qua cc b a CD hoc DVD (iu ny cng thng thy trn mt s my
tnh c nhn bn sn xut ng b ca cc hng sn xut phn cng), hoc
khi phu
c h
thng
bng mt phi m nong
t d liu lu sn trn cng
(thng t trn cc phn vng n ). Cch khi phc ca chng gn ging khi
phc bng phn mm Ghost (ca hng Symantec) hoc mt s phn mm sao
lu nh phn vng a cng m khng s dng hnh thc ci t thng thng.
Nhn dng vn tay - FingerPrint: tng mc bo mt, mt s my tnh
laptop c trang b h thng nhn dng vn tay (sinh trc hc), ngi s dng
ch c th khi ng h thng nu my nhn ra ng vn tay ca ch s hu my
tnh (vi vn tay c lu sn trn my).
Chp bo mt TPM - True Platform Module: M ha ton b d liu lu tr
trn cng khi c kch hot. Thng tin v ti liu lu tr tr nn tuyt mt
trc bt k trnh b kha bt hp php no.
Nhn din khun mt SmartFace: to s tin li cho ngi s dng, mt
s mu my tnh xch tay trang b cng ngh ng nhp bng cch dng webcam
nhn din gng mt ch nhn nhng "l chn" ny b b gy.
Chng sc: Chn ng khi u c ca a cng ang di chuyn hoc ang c
b mt a i khi l mt tai ha i vi a cng. Nn c mt s bin php
thng c p dng:
Cn thn nh nhng khi mang my tnh xch tay, i cho cng v v tr an
ton khi ngh (n bo cng tt).
Mt s my tnh xch tay i mi c thit k chc nng kha khi cm thy
cng ang di ng hoc sc, s dng h thng cm bin chng sc ba chiu
cho cng.
Cng ngh Centrino: Cng ngh ca Intel cho my tnh xch tay gm 3 thnh
phn chnh:
CPU Intel
Bo mch ch s dng chipset Intel 855 tr ln
c trang b kt ni Wireless Intel PRO
Laptop s dng cng ngh Centrino tht s t cc yu cu tnh ton thun tu
vi kh nng tit kim in nng cao nht, kh nng kt ni khng dy Wifi trong
cc my c cng ngh Centrino cng c ci thin ng k.
Cc my tnh xch tay khng m bo c 3 thnh phn trn hoc c c 3 thnh
phn trn nhng khng ng tiu chun s khng c gi l Centrino.
Hnh 1.26: Cc th h cng ngh centrino
KHOA S CP NGH
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Hnh 1.27: Cc chun cng ngh Centrino

II. HNG DN THO LP LAPTOP
1. Dng c
Cc dng c cn thit chun b tho lp laptop:
Tua vt bake, tua vt sao, tua vt dp
Km m nhn, gp ...
Hp ng c vt
.
Hnh 1.28: Dng c tho lp Laptop
Hnh 1.29: dng c tho lp laptop
KHOA S CP NGH
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2. Nguyn tc chung khi tho lp Laptop
Khi tho v lp my tnh xch tay cn ch n cc nguyn tc sau trnh gy h
hng cc thit b ca my v an ton v in:
Rt ngun in t Adapter hoc tho PIN trc khi tho lp cc b phn khc.
Ch n v tr v kch thc, chiu di ca mi c vt. Thng thng cc my
tnh xch tay u nh du kch thc v v tr ca cc c vt, nu lp sai v tr ca
cc c c th lm h Mainboard hoc lm h v ca my.
Khi tho cc thnh phn trn my tnh xch tay nn gi tt c c t chc v th
t khi lp rp li khng b ln ln.
Tho v lp theo trnh t.
Tham kho thm ti liu hng dn tho v lp.
http://www.tim.id.au/blog/tims-laptop-service-manuals/
3. Qui trnh tho lp
Mi dng my c cc phng php tho lp khc nhau, tuy nhin khi tho v lp nn
theo trnh t chung nh sau:
Bc 1: Adapter
Trc khi tho lp my tnh xch tay nh rt ngun v tho pin.
Hnh 1.30: B ngun laptop

Bc 2: Pin
Lt p laptop
Bt cht kha ra v tho Pin
Hnh 1.31: Tho pin laptop

Bc 3: Bn phm
Lt mn hnh laptop ln
S dng vt dp tho np y (mt s my c c pha di nn phi tho c
pha di trc)
KHOA S CP NGH
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Tho 2 c, rt dy kt ni bn phm vi Mainboard v ly bn phm ln
t ma n hin h Laptop
Hnh 1.32: L
t np
y phi a trn
Hnh 1.33: B
Hnh 1.34: Tho dy kt ni bn phm
KHOA S CP NGH
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Bc 4: Display
Tho cc c gi mn hnh
Rt dy cp video v ly mn hnh ra
Hnh 1.35: Tho cp video
Hnh 1.36: Tho cc c vt gi mn hnh
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Hnh 1.37: Trnh t tho mn hnh Display
Hnh 1.38: Tho khung mn hnh
Hnh 1.39: Tho cp kt ni mn hnh LCD
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Hnh 1.40: Tho khung mn hnh LCD

Bc 5: RAM
Tho c v ly np y RAM
Bt 2 cht gi v rt thanh RAM ra
Hnh 1.41: Tho np y RAM
t cht gi va thao thanh RAM

Hnh 1.42: B
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Bc 6: Card Wireless
Tho c v ly np y card Wireless
Bt 2 cht gi v rt card Wireless ra
Hnh 1.43: Tho np y Card Wireless
t cht gi va thao Card Wireless

Hnh 1.44: B
Bc 7: HDD
Tho c v rt cng ra
Hnh 1.45: Tho c gi HDD
i Laptop
Hnh 1.46: Rt HDD ra kho
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Bc 8: a quang (Optical Driver)
Tho c gi thanh bt a quang
Bt thanh gi a quang v tho a ra
t cht gi ia quang
Hnh 1.47: B
Hnh 1.48: Tho a quang ra khi Laptop
Hnh 1.49: v tr c v cht kha a quang

Bc 9: CPU v qut gii nhit
Tho c v ly ming gii nhit CPU
S dng vt dp xoay kha CPU v ly CPU ra ngoi
Tho c v ly qut CPU
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Hnh 1.50: Tho gi nhit CPU
Hnh 1.51: Xoay c cht khoa va thao CPU
Hnh 1.52: Tho qut gii nhit CPU

KHOA S CP NGH
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Bc 10: Mainboard
Tho cc c gi pha trn
Rt kt ni chut cm ng v ly np y pha trn Mainboard
Tho cc c pha di v rt Mainboard ra khi v nha
Hnh 1.53: Tho cc c gi np pha trn
Hnh 1.54: Tho kt ni Touchpad
Hnh 1.55: Tho cc c mt di laptop

KHOA S CP NGH
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Hnh 1.56: Tho cc c mawtj trn gi mainboard
Hnh 1.57: Tho c gi cng Docking

Bc 11: Bluetooth
Rt card Bluetooth
Hnh 1.58: Tho Card Bluetooch

KHOA S CP NGH
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Bc 12: Speaker
Tho cc c gi loa
Rt kt ni v ly loa c pin CMOS ra
Hnh 1.59: Tho loa

Bc 13: Modem
Tho cc c v ly modem ra
Hnh 1.60: Tho Modem
Hnh 1.61: Tho dy kt ni Modem

KHOA S CP NGH
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CU HI KIM TRA:
1. So snh s khc nhau gia Module RAM ca Laptop v Desktop?
2. Cho bit cc ngun nng lng cung cp cho my tnh Laptop?
3. Chc nng ca Adapter?
4. Cng ngh Centrino ca my tnh Laptop c cc thnh phn linh kin t tiu chun
nh th no?
5. Card Wireless giao tip vi my tnh laptop qua cc khe cm m rng no?
6. Hy nu trnh t tho v lp my tnh laptop?
7. K tn v m t chc nng cc cng giao tip trn my tnh xch tay?
KHOA S CP NGH
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BI 2: CU TRC MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Mc tiu
I.
Hiu chc nng v s khi Mainboard

Gii thch qu trnh khi ng
Nhn din cc thnh phn trn Mainboard
Kim tra tnh trng hot ng ca Mainboard (s dng Card test Mainboard)
Gii thch qu trnh khi ng
TNG QUAN V S KHI MAINBOARD

1. Chc nng
Trong h thng my tnh, cc thit b giao tip vi nhau thng qua bn mch ng vai
tr trung gian chnh l bo mch ch - Mainboard. Mainboard l mt bn mch in t
c nhiu thit b c tch hp trn Mainboard qua cc kt ni Slot, Socket hoc dy
dn lin kt, ng thi cc thit b ny c tc truyn tn hiu, s ng dn (BUS)
cng khc nhau, cc thit b ny phi hp c cn thng qua Mainboard.
Mainboard c mt s chc nng sau:
Kt ni cc thnh phn v linh kin trong h thng my tnh thng qua h thng
ng dn (BUS) v cc cng giao tip.
Phn chia v n nh ngun in p cho cc thit b, linh kin tch hp trn
Mainboard.
To xung nhp cp cho cc linh kin v thit b nhm ng b ha qu trnh hot
ng ca my tnh.
Khi Mainboard b h hng th my tnh s ngng hot ng.
Hnh 2.1: Mainboard Desktop

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Hnh 2.2: Mainboard Laptop

2. S khi Mainboard
Hnh 2.3: S Mainboard Desktop

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Hnh 2.4: S Mainboard Laptop

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II.
CC THNH PHN TRN MAINBOARD
Hnh 2.5: Cc thnh phn Mainboard Desktop
Hnh 2.6: Cc thnh phn Mainboard Laptop

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1. Socket
L cm trn Mainboard dng lp t CPU, ty thuc vo tng loi CPU c cc
loi socket khc nhau. Danh sch nhng Socket v CPU tng thch:
Socket
Pin Count
Socket 0
168
Socket 1
169
Socket 2
238
Socket 3
237
Socket 4
Socket 5
273
320
Socket 6
235
Socket 7
321
Socket Super 7
321
Socket 8
387
Socket 370
370
Socket 423
Socket 463
Socket 478
423
463
478
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CPU tng thch
486 DX
486 DX
486 DX2
486 SX
486 SX2
486 DX
486 DX2
486 SX
486 SX2
Pentium Overdrive
486 DX
486 DX2
486 DX4
486 SX
486 SX2
Pentium Overdrive
5x86
Pentium-60 and Pentium-66
Pentium-75 to Pentium-133
486 DX
486 DX2
486 DX4
486 SX
486 SX2
Pentium Overdrive
5x86
Pentium-75 to Pentium-200
Pentium MMX
K5
K6
6x86
6x86MX
MII
K6-2
K6-III
Pentium Pro
Celeron
Pentium III FC-PGA
Cyrix III
C3
Pentium 4
Nx586
Pentium 4
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Socket 479
(Socket M)
479
Socket 775
(LGA775)
(Socket T)
775
Socket 603
603
Socket 604
Socket 771
Socket 418
Socket 611
604
771
418
611
Socket 462
(Socket A)
453
Socket 754
754
Socket 939
939
Socket 940
940
Socket AM2
940
Socket S1
638
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Celeron
Celeron D
Celeron M
Core Duo
Core Solo
Pentium 4 Extreme Edition
Pentium M
Mobile Pentium III
Mobile Celeron
Mobile Pentium 4
Core Duo
Core Solo
Pentium M
Mobile Pentium III
Mobile Celeron
Mobile
Pentium 4
Celeron M
Pentium 4
Pentium 4 Extreme Edition
Pentium D
Pentium Extreme Edition
Celeron D
Core 2 Duo
Core 2 Extreme
Xeon
Mobile Pentium 4
Xeon
Xeon
Itanium
Itanium 2
Athlon
Duron
Athlon XP
Sempron
Athlon 64
Sempron
Turion 64
Athlon 64
Athlon 64 FX
Athlon 64 X2
Opteron
Athlon 64 FX
Opteron
Athlon 64
Athlon 64 FX
Sempron
Athlon 64 X2
Turion 64 X2
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Socket F
1,207
Slot 1
242
Slot 2
330
Slot A
242
Opteron
Pentium II
Pentium III (Cartridge)
Celeron SEPP (Cartridge)
Pentium II Xeon
Pentium III Xeon
Athlon (Cartridge)
Hnh 2.7: Socket775 Intel (Desktop & Laptop)
Hnh 2.8: Socket 478 Intel (Desktop & Laptop)
Hnh 2.9: Socket 478 Intel (laptop)

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Hnh 2.10: Socket 940 AMD (Desktop)
Hnh 2.11: Socket 754 AMD
Hnh 2.12: Mch VRM trn Mainboard Desktop

2. VRM (Vol Regu Module)
L mch n p ngun Vcore cung cp in p cho CPU, mch ny gim in p 12V
t ngun ATX xung cn khong 0.85V 1.85V (ty thuc vo CPU) c dng in
n dy L, t in C,
khong 8 - 10A. Mch bao gm cc thnh phn nh: cu
Mosfet, IC to dao ng.
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Hnh 2.13: Mch VRM trn Mainboard Desktop

3. Mch to xung Clock
Mch to xung Clock c nhim v to tn hiu xung nhp cung cp cho cc thnh phn
trn Mainboard nh: CPU, chipset, cc cng giao tip PCI,.. mi thnh phn c xung
nhp khc nhau. Nu mch to xung nhp h hng th Mainboard khng hot ng.
Hnh 2.14: IC Clock Gen Desktop
Hnh 2.15: IC Clock Gen Laptop

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4. Chipset (chp cu bc & chp cu nam)
Gia CPU v cc thit b khc trn Mainboard c tc BUS khc nhau nn phi
hp tc cn s dng b chipset l chp cu Bc v chp cu Nam.
Chp cu Bc: Kt ni truyn d liu gia CPU vi RAM v Card mn hnh, cc
thnh phn ny c tc truyn cao.
Chp cu Nam: Kt ni vi cc thit b khc trong my tnh nh: HDD, CD-ROM,
FDD, vi chp cu Bc, cc thit ny thng c tc thp.
Cc nh sn xut chipset: Intel, VIA, SIS, nVIDIA, B chipset c m s ng b theo
tng cp tng ng.
Chipset Intel gm chp cu Bc/ chp cu Nam:
Hnh 2.16: Chipset Intel
Chipset VIA
FW82810/ 82801AA
FW82815E/ 82801AA (FSB: 400)
82845/ 82801BA (FSB: 400/533)
FW82845G/ 82801DB (FSB: 400/533) ICH4
82865G/GV/ 82801EB/ER (FSB: 533/667/800) ICH5
FW82915G/ 82801FB/FR (FSB: 533/667/800) ICH6
82945G/ 82801GB/GR (FSB: 667/800/1066) ICH7
82P965/ 82801HB/HR/HH (FSB: 800/1066/1333) ICH8
82G31/ 82801GB/GR (FSB: 800/1066/1333)
Hnh 2.17: Chipset VIA

Core 2 Duo
PT890/VT8237A (FSB: 1066/800/533/400)
PT880/VT8237 (FSB: 1066/800/533/400)
P4M900VT8251 (FSB: 1066/800/533/400)
P4M890/VT8237A (FSB: 1066/800/533/400)
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P4M800Pro/VT8237R+ (FSB: 1066/800/533/400)
P4M800/VT8237R (FSB: 800/533/400)
Pentium 4
PM880/VT8237 (FSB: 800/533/400)
PT800/VT8237 (FSB: 800/533/400)
PM800/VT8237 (FSB: 800/533/400)
PT880/VT8237 (FSB: 533/400)
P4X400/VT8235 (FSB: 533/400)
P4X333/VT8235 (FSB: 533/400)
P4X266A/VT8233A (FSB: 533/400)
P4X266/VT8233A (FSB: 533)
P4X266/VT8233 (FSB: 400)
P4M266/VT8233 (FSB: 400)
Pentium III
PLE133T/VT82C686B (FSB: 133/100/66)
PN133/VT8231 (FSB: 133)
5. ROM BIOS:
ROM (Read Only Memory): l mt chp nh dng lu tr d liu hoc
chng trnh. Trong qu trnh my tnh hot ng d liu ch c c ra t ROM,
chnh v vy m tn ca n l b nh ch c.
BIOS (Basic Input Output System): l mt chng trnh c np sn trong
ROM t nh sn xut Mainboard. y l chng trnh h thng xut nhp c bn
bao gm cc chng trnh nh c t ng np v gi quyn iu khin trong
qu trnh my tnh mi khi ng:
Kim tra cc thnh phn my tnh khi mi khi ng nh: thit b nh, chipset,
card mn hnh, cc cng kt ni a mm, a cng, Qu trnh ny c
gi l qu trnh Power On Self Test POST
Cung cp bn ci t CMOS SETUP mc nh cho RAM CMOS khi cha c
thit lp.
Cc lnh truy xut thit b khi ng.
Hnh 2.18: ROM BIOS

Intel: 82802AA, 82802AC,
SST: 49LF002A, 49LF0030A, 49LF004A, 49LF008A, 49LF020,.
ATMEL: AT49LW040, 49LW080,
Winbond: W49V002A, W49V002FA, W49V040A, W49V040FA,.
PMC: PM49LF002, PM49LF004,
ST Micro: M50W002, M50W040, M50W080 M50LPW002, M50LPW040,
M50LPW080, M50FW016, M50FW116, M50FLW040A, M50FLW040B
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6. Chp Supper I/O:
Chp Supper I/O dng iu khin cc cng kt ni vo v ra nn c cc chc nng
sau:
iu khin cc thit b nh: cng my in (Parallel), my Scanner, bn phm-chut
PS/2, a mm, cc cng ni tip COM1-COM2,
Mch iu khin tt m ngun cho Mainboard
To tn hiu RESET h thng
Gim st tn hiu hi tip t cc b phn khc trn Mainboard cung cp tn hiu
bo v, bo s c.
Hnh 2.19: Chp Super I/O

Cc m s chp super I/O thng dng:
ITE: ITE8661, ITE8679, ITE8712, ITE8761, ITE8661RF, ITE8680, ITE8673,
SMC: FDC37B72X, SMC37C93XPM, SMC37C93XFR, SMC37C93XPM,
Winbond: W83627F, W83697SF, W83787F, W83697HF,
MISC: LPC47B27X, LPC47B37X, LPC61W49X, LPC47M10X,
7. Chp LAN, chp Sound:
Chp LAN dng chuyn i tn hiu giao tip kt ni mng
Hnh 2.20: Chp LAN

Chp Sound chuyn i tn hiu s thnh tn hiu m thanh
Hnh 2.21: Chp Sound

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8. Slot RAM
Khe RAM dng lp b nh chnh, trong qu trnh CPU hot ng RAM l ni CPU
truy xut d liu. V vy RAM khng th thiu trong qu trnh my tnh hot ng, khe
RAM c chp cu Bc iu khin truy xut d liu.
Hnh 2.22: Slot RAM Laptop
Hnh 2.23: Slot RAM Laptop

9. Slot AGP v PCIe x16
Card mn hnh c lp vo khe cm AGP hoc PCIe x16 v cng do chp cu bc
iu khin truy xut d liu.
Hnh 2.24: Khe cm AGP

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Hnh 2.25: Khe cm PCIe x 16

10. IDE v SATA
Cng IDE v SATA kt ni vi HDD, CD hoc DVD ROM. Cng IDE truy xut d liu
song song c tc chm cn SATA truy xut d liu ni tip c tc nhanh hn,
SATA c 2 chun SATA 1 v SATA 2, c hai cng u do chp cu Nam iu khin.
Hnh 2.26: Jck cm IDE

III.
QU TRNH KHI NG
Cp ngun cho my tnh sau nhn Power l qu trnh khi ng my din ra v c
thc hin bi chng trnh POST trong ROM BIOS. Qu trnh ny bao gm cc bc nh
sau:
1. Khi va cp ngun my tnh trong ch ch Standby ch c 5V Standby, lc ny chp
cu Nam v Chp Super I/O c cp ngun trc tip hoc qua mch n p t ngun
5V Standby.
2. Kch ngun (Power On), ngun chnh hot ng to ra cc in p 5V, 12V, 3.3V
cp cho ton Mainboard. Cc mch n p trn Mainboard to in p cc linh kin
nh: chp cu Bc, CPU, Clock Gen, RAM,v ng thi bo tn hiu li ngun v chp
cu Nam (v d: VRM_GD hoc VRM Good t mch n p CPU v chp cu Nam).
3. Sau khi c ngun 3.3V, mch Clock Gen to xung Clock hay cn gi l xung nhp
cp cho cc thnh phn trn Mainboard nh: CPU, RAM, PCI, chp cu bc nam,
Card mn hnh, ..
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4. Khi ngun PSU tt s to ra tn hiu PG (Power Good) cp cho mch s Logic, ng
thi cc tn hiu bo li t cc mch khc nh: VRM_GD, in p chp Nam GD _1.5V
hoc GD_1.8V, ngun RAM cng a ti mch s Logic. Khi cc tn hiu trn u tt
mch Logic s to tn hiu PWR_OK cp cho chp nam v t chp Nam to tn hiu
Reset h thng.
5. Chp Nam hot ng to tn hiu PWR_OK cho CPU v tn hiu PCI_RST# ti chp cu
Bc v cc cng nh: PCI, IDE, AGP, chp Super I/O, chp LAN, chp BIOS
6. Chp cu Bc hot ng to tn hiu Reset CPU (CPU_RST#).
7. CPU hot ng truy xut chng trnh trong ROM BIOS thc hin tin trnh POST.
8. Tin trnh POST Kim tra cc thit b phn cng: RAM, Card Video, cc cng giao tip
(PCI, AGP, IDE,), sau np bn cu hnh trong RAM CMOS.
9. Thc hin cc thit lp trong RAM CMOS v cui khi ng thit b c h iu hnh.
IV.
HNG DN S DNG CARD TEST
Hnh 2.27: Card Test Mainboard Desktop

Trnh t kim tra Mainboard s dng Card Test:
Bc 1: Tho ht tt c cc kt ni thit b trong h thng ch cn li 4 thnh phn chnh
PSU (b ngun phi tt loi tr trng hp h ngun)
CPU
RAM
Mainboard
Bc 2: Lp Card Test vo Slot PCI v dy Speaker trn card test ti Mainboard
Bc 3: Cp ngun cho PSU v o kim tra 3V3 SB cp trc ti pin A14 ca cng PCI
Bc 4: Kch Power on ng thi quan st cc led hin th v nghe ting Beep li ca
Speaker.
Led ngun: -12V, +12V, 3V3. Cc ngun ny phi c sau khi kch Power On ngha l
cc Led ny phi sng.
Led tn hiu:
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CLK: Xung Clock. n ny sng bo c xung Clock cp cho cng PCI tc mch
Clock Gen hot ng.
RST: Tn hiu Reset. n ny chp sng sau tt l bo c tn hiu Reset, tn
hiu Reset l xung ch xut hin vi giy khi mi m my. Nu Led Reset tt hoc
sng lun l mch Reset c vn h hng.
Frame/OSC: Bo CPU ang hot ng.
BIOS/IRDY: Bo hiu ni dung trong Rom BIOS ang c truy xut.
Led 7 on:
Nhy s C0, C1.D0, D1.7F.FF h thng hot ng tt, nu vn cha c

hnh l do VGA h (7F h thng hot cng tt nhng cha c bn phm, lp bn
phm nhn F1 s nhy n FF)
Nu hin ---- , FFFF hoc C0, C1D0, D1.. h thng khng hot ng c th li
do CPU, BIOS hoc Mainboard.
Nu hin th C0,C1dng C5,C6, EA, E0, D4 li RAM, Bus RAM, chp Cu Bc
Nu hin th 05, D6, C5, F0 li BIOS.
Nu hin th E3,.. li ngun chipset.
M Beep:
RAM: Beep lin tc v ko di (Phoenix Award), Beep ngn mt Beep di (AMI).
VGA: 3 Beep lin tc v 1 Beep ngn.
CU HI KIM TRA:
1. Chc nng Mainboard?
2. V s khi Mainboard?
3. Chc nng mch to xung Clock
4. Cc hnh dng chp BIOS?
5. Chc nng chp ROM BIOS?
6. Trnh t Test Mainboard s dng Card Test Mainboard?
7. Trnh by qu trnh khi ng my tnh?
8. Chc nng mch VRM (Vol Regu Module)?
9. Lit k tn Socket CPU Intel thng dng?
10. Lit k tn Socket CPU AMD thng dng?
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BI 3: K THUT HN CHP & CHIPSET

Mc tiu
S dng cc dng c cn thit khi tho lp chp v chipset
Hiu bit qui trnh tho lp linh kin SMD, chp v chipset
Rn luyn k nng tho lp cc linh kin trn Mainboard
I.
DNG C V TRANG THIT B

Cc dung c cn thit chun b cho vic hn chp bao gm:
M hn AC 60 W nu c th s dng m hn DC c iu chnh c nhit l tt
nht (xem hnh)
Hnh 3.1: M hn DC v u m hn
My kh nhit dng hn chp hoc linh kin trn Mainboard. V d loi 850 ca
Trung Quc hoc loi c c m hn DC (xem hnh)
Hnh 3.2: My kh
My hn chipset dng hn chp cu bc v chp cu nam. My ny gi thnh cao

tuy nhin nu c s dng thay chipset l tt nht.
Hnh 3.3: My hn chipset

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Ch bi, m hn chipset, li lm chn v lm chn chipset
Hnh 3.4: Ch hn, ke hn, li v lm chn chipset
Ch hn, nha thng,
Hnh 3.5: Nha thng, nc ra mch

II.
THAO TC AN TON
Bo m an ton tuyt i v in.

Cn thn trong thao tc tho lp linh kin, trnh tnh trng lm rt s lm cong hoc
gy chn linh kin.
S dng my kh nhit hp l, khng nn gi qu nhiu lm bay linh kin SMD
nh in tr, t, diode,. Nhit cng va phi ty theo linh kin cn tho lp, nu
nhit cao qu cng c th lm h hng linh kin.
Nn lm v sinh sch cc chn linh kin trc khi tho lp v xem k c b chp chn
hay khng trc khi tin hnh cp in cho Mainboard.
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III.
THO LP LINH KIN TRN MAINBOARD

1. Tho lp linh kin SMD
Chun b:
My kh
M hn nhit
Nhm
Ch hn, nha thng v nc ra mch
Cc bc thc hin:
Chnh nhit my kh nhit 350OC, mc gi khong 3 5
Tho linh kin:
Kh nhit ln linh kin SMD cn tho cho n khi ch va nng chy.
Dng nhm km ly linh kin ra khi mch.
Dng nc ra mch lm sch linh kin v v tr va tho linh kin trn
Mainboard.
Lp linh kin:
Dng nhm kp linh kin SMD t ln v tr cn lp.
Sau dng m hn hoc my kh nhit hn linh kin vo Mainboard.
2. Tho lp chp (Super I/O, LAN, Sound,)

Chun b:
My kh
M hn nhit
My hn chipset
Nhm
Dy rt ch
Ch hn, nha thng nc v nc ra mch
Cc bc thc hin:
Chnh nhit my kh nhit 350oC, mc gi khong 3 6

Tho chp:
Kh nhit xung quanh ti v tr chn linh kin Chp cn tho cho n khi ch
va nng chy
S dng nhm km ly linh kin ra khi mch.
Dng m hn vut li chn Chp v nc ra mch v sinh v tr cc chn
ca chp va tho ra trn Mainboard.
Lp chp:
t linh kin chp ln Mainboard v iu chnh chnh xc v tr cc chn ca
chp ng vi chn hn trn Mainboard (cn thn v phi ng chn s 1
ca chp).
Gi c nh chp trn mch, s dng my kh nhit kh xung quanh chn
chp cho ti khi ch chy v cc chn ca chp u tip xc vi mch in. C
th cho t nha thng nc vo chn chp v kh nhit li cho cc chn
chp bng v u.
3. Tho lp chipset
Chun b:
My hn chp
lm chn
Khun li ng vi chn ca chipset tng ng
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M lm chn Chipset
Ch bi ty theo kch c ca chn chipset
M hn
My kh nhit
Dy rt ch
Nc ra mch
Hnh 3.6: Chn chipset

b.Cc bc thc hin
Tho chipset:
Tho tt c cc linh kin v thit b lp t trn Mainboard
t Mainboard vo my hn chp v cn chnh v tr ph hp vi nhit
tp trung cao nht ti v tr ca chipset
Thit lp nhit trn my hn chp
Tin hnh hp chp cho n khi ch nng chy
Dng nhm kp ly chipset ra khi mch in
V sinh chn chipset:
Sau khi tho Chipset ra khi Mainboard, ch d cn dnh li trn mch in ca
Mainboard v chn ca chipset nn cn lm sch, v sinh sch trc khi lm
chn chipset hoc hn chipset ln Mainboard. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
Dng m hn gt v ly ch d ra khi mch in.
Sau dng dy rt ch kt hp vi m hn ch tht sch ch d.
Dng nc ra mch lm v sinh sch s.
Lm tng t di bng chipset v cc chn hn ca chipset trn board mch
in Mainboard.
Lm chn chipset:
Lm chn chipset l dnh cc ht ch bi u ln chn di bng ca chipset
sau hn li chipset vo Mainboard.
C nh chipset vo chnh gia lm chn.
Trt mt lp mng m lm chn di bng chipset.
t li lm chn chp vo v iu chnh sau cho chnh xc v tr gia
cc chn ca chipset v cc l ca li. ng thi canh chnh mt li cch
mt bng ca chiset nh hn kch c ca ch bi (v d: nu s dng ch bi
0.67mm th khong cch l 0.3mm n 0.6mm).
Lp np c nh li, trn np c rnh bi tha ra ngoi.
ch bi vo v lc khun cho ch bi lp y cc l trn mt li.
Trt ch bi tha ra ngoi. Do di mt bng ca chipset c m nn cc ch
bi lt xung mt li s b gi li cn cc ch tha trn mt s c ra
ngoi.
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2 cng ca chipset rt xung di ri ly khun v li ra. Lc

ny di mt bng ca chipset c nh cc ht ch bi tng ng vi
v tr cc chn.
Dng my kh nhit chnh gi mc 2 3, nhit cao v kh u cc
chn ca chipset cho ti khi ch bi chy v dnh vo cc chn ca chipset.
Hnh 3.7: Chn chip VGA
Mu chipset vi ch bi:
82801DB (0.76mm)
82801GB (0.6mm)
845 (0.76mm)
915 (0.6mm)
965 (0.5mm)
NF8400 (0.5mm)
6150 (0.6mm)
Hn chipset
t chiset vo ng v tr cc chn trn mch in ca Mainboard.
a Mainboard vo my hn chipset v cn chnh sao cho nhit tp trung
vo ni cn hn (chipset).
Thit lp nhit cho my hn chipset.
Tin hnh hp chp cho ti khi ch hn nng chy, lc ny chipset c p
vo xt mch in ca Mainboard.
Tt my hn chipset v i ti khi ngui em Mainboard ra ngoi.
CU HI KIM TRA:
1. Cc dng cng cn chun b trc khi tin hnh k thut hn chp?
2. Kch c ch bi thng dng?
3. Qui trnh tho lp chipset?
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BI 4: GIAO TIP TRN MAINBOARD

Mc tiu
Hiu nguyn l hot ng cc mch ngun ca Laptop
Nguyn l hot ng ca mch giao tip PS/2, USB, LPT, COM,...
Phng php kim tra v sa cha cc cng giao tip
Chun on v sa cha PAN khng nhn Chut, Bn phm, USB,
I.
CNG PS/2
6
4
2
5
3
1
Hnh 4.1: Cng chut v bn phm

Cng kt ni PS/2 c 6 chn, nhng ch s dng 4 chn cn li 2 chn khng s dng.
Chc nng cc chn nh sau:
Chn 1: Data
Chn 2: Reserved / NC
Chn 3: GND
Chn 4: Vdd (5v)
Chn 5: Clock
Chn 6: Reserved / NC
S nguyn l :
5v Dual
Fuse
Mouse
Clock
Data
Chip cu Nam
Super I/O
Clock
Data
6
4
2
5
3
1
Keyboard
GND
Hnh 4.2: S kt ni cng P/S 2

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Theo s chut v bn phm u c cung cp 5v Dual qua cu ch bo v ( 5V Dual
l ngun 5V Standby hoc 5v ngun chnh). Giao tip gia chut v bn phm vi IC super
I/O l kiu truyn d liu ni tip I2C gm 2 ng: Data, Clock
S mch trn Mainboard:
Hnh 4.3: S mch chut v bn phm

ng truyn d liu Data v xung nhp Clock thng c l
wc nhiu qua cc t ni vi mass, cc t ny thng hay r hoc chm lm mt tn hiu
nn chut v bn phm khng khi ng.
Ngun cung cp chut v bn phm thng qua cu ch v hay b t cu ch lm mt
ngun 5v
IC super I/O thng hay b h hng, nn kh hn li hoc thay IC
II.
CNG USB
Cng USB c 4 chn v u c s dng. Chc nng cc chn nh sau:
Chn 1: Vdd (5v)
Chn 2: Data Chn 3: Data +
Chn 4: GND
Hnh 4.4: Cng USB

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S nguyn l
5v Dual
Fuse
Chip cu Nam
Data-
Data+
Cng
USB
GND
Hnh 4.5: S kt ni cng USB

Cng USB c cung cp 5V Dual v giao tip truyn d liu vi sai vi chp cu nam
Hnh 4.6: S kt ni cng USB
Hnh 4.7: S ngun USB

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Phng php kim tra tng t nh kim tra cng chut v bn phm. Theo trnh t ta
kim tra:
Ngun 5V cung cp.
Kim tra thng mch hai chn d liu Data.
Kim tra cc t lc nhiu c ni vi mass xem c b r hoc chm khng.
Cui cng l hp hoc thay chp cu nam. Chp cu nam cng thng hay h khng
nhn cng USB.
III.
CNG LPT
Cng LPT hay cn gi l cng Parallel tng cng 25 chn c giao tip truyn d liu
trc tip vi IC super I/O. Chc nng ca cc cng nh sau:
Chn 1: STROBE (out) - Xung m xc nh my tnh gi d liu
Chn 2: D0 (out) - ng d liu D0
Chn 10: ACK (in: 0) - Tn hiu xc nhn my in in xong (Acknowledge)
Chn 11: BUSY (in: 1) - My in bn
Chn 12: PE (in: 1) - Ht giy (Paper Empty)
Chn 13: SLCT (in: 1) - c my in (Select)
Chn 14: AF (out: 0) - My in xung dng t ng (Auto Feed)
Chn 15: ERROR (in: 0) - Li
Chn 16: INIT (out: 0) - Khi ng my in
Chn 17: SLCTIN (out 0) - Chn my in (Select In)
Chn 18-25: GND Ni t
Hnh 4.8: Th t chn cng my in LPT

S mch nguyn l
Data
Chip cu nam
Super I/O
Status
Cng
LPT
Control
Hnh 4.9: S kt ni LPT

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S mch trn Mainboard
Hnh 4.10: S mch giao tip Parallel

Cng song song cn c gi l cng my in LPT hay cng Parallel. Cu trc ca cng
song song rt n gin vi tm ng d liu, mt ng dn mass chung, bn
ng dn iu khin chuyn cc d liu iu khin ti my in v nm ng dn
trng thi ca my in ngc tr li my tnh.
Khong cch cc i gia cng song song my tnh PC v thit b ngoi vi b hn ch
v in dung k sinh v hin tng cm ng gia cc ng dn c th lm bin dng
tn hiu.
Khong cch gii hn l 8m, thng thng ch c 1,5 2 m. Tc truyn d liu qua
cng song song khong 1 Mbit/s, nhng vi khong cch truyn b hn ch trong
phm vi 1m.
Hnh 4.11: Cng LPT

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Sau y l chc nng ca cc ng dn tn hiu:
Strobe (1): Vi mt mc logic thp chn ny, my tnh thng bo cho my in bit
c mt byte ang sn sng trn cc ng dn tn hiu c truyn.
D0 n D7: Cc ng dn d liu
Acknowledge: Vi mt mc logic thp chn ny, my in thng bo cho my tnh
bit l nhn c k t va gi v c th tip tc nhn.
Busy (bn 11): My in gi n chn ny mc logic cao trong khi ang n nhn
hoc in ra d liu thng bo cho my tnh bit l cc b m trong my tnh bit l
cc b m trong my tnh b y hoc my in trong trng thi Off-line.
Paper empty (ht giy 12): Mc cao chn ny c ngha l giy dng ht.
Select (13): Mt mc cao chn ny, c ngha l my in ang trong trng thi kch
hot (On-line).
Auto Linefeed (t np dng): C khi cn gi l Auto Feed. Bng mt mc thp
chn ny my tnh PC nhc my in t ng np mt dng mi mi khi kt thc mt
dng.
Error (c li): Bng mt mc thp chn ny, my in thng bo cho my tnh l
xut hin mt li, chng hn kt giy hoc my in ang trong trng thi Off-Line.
Reset (t li): Bng mt mc thp chn ny, my in c t li trng thi c
xc nh lc ban u.
Select Input: Bng mt mc thp chn ny, my in c la chn bi my tnh.
Qua cch m t chc nng ca tng tn hiu ring l ta c th nhn thy cc ng
dn d liu c th chia thnh 3 nhm:
Cc ng dn tn hiu, xut ra t my tnh PC v iu khin my tnh, c gi
l cc ng dn iu khin.
Cc ng dn tn hiu, a cc thng tin thng bo ngc li t my in v my
tnh, c gi l cc ng dn trng thi.
ng dn d liu, truyn cc bit ring l ca cc k t cn in.
T cch m t cc tn hiu v mc tn hiu ta c th nhn thy l: cc tn hiu
Acknowledge, Auto Linefeed, Error, Reset v Select Input kch hot mc thp.
Thng qua chc nng ca cc chn ny ta cng hnh dung c iu khin cng my
in.
Cc ng dn ca cng song song c ni vi ba thanh ghi 8bit khc nhau:
Thanh ghi d liu
Thanh ghi trng thi
Thanh ghi iu khin
Tm ng dn d liu dn ti 8 nh trn thanh ghi d liu cn bn ng dn
iu khin Strobe, Auto Linefeed, Reset, Select Input dn ti bn nh trn thanh ghi
iu khin, cui cng l nm ng dn trng thi Acknowledge, Busy, Paper empty,
Select, Error ni ti nm trn thanh ghi trng thi. Ring thanh ghi iu khin cn
phi ch ti mt bit na c s dng cho mc ch ghp ni nhng khng c
ni vi cm 25 chn. Bit ny c th c s dng xa mt bit ngt lin quan vi
ng dn Acknowledge, v vy cha cp n y.
Trn hnh, thanh ghi d liu c ch r l hai hng d liu c th c xut ra cc
chn D0 n D7 hoc c vo. Thanh ghi iu khin cng l hai hng, thanh ghi
trng thi ch c th c c v v vy gi l mt hng.
Ta c th trao i vi 3 thanh ghi ny nh th no? H iu hnh DOS d tnh n
bn cng song song v t tn l: LPT1, LPT2, LPT3 v LPT4. Tuy vy, hu ht cc
my tnh PC u ch c nhiu nht hai cng song song, v cho n nay vi l do gim
gi thnh, cng song song ch cn li mt. V mt phn cng, cc nh sn xut d
tnh bn nhm, mi nhm 3 a ch, trao i vi tng nh trn thanh ghi ca mi
giao din. Ta c th nhn thy cc a ch thanh ghi nm k tip nhau.
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Khi bt my tnh, BIOS kim tra k tip nhau cc a ch c ghi trong bng v
khng nh xem trn my c trang b mt vi cng song song. Cc cng song song
c BIOS tm thy s c sp xp theo cc tn m DOS ch nh l: LPT1,
LPT2
iu ny gii thch v sao trong cc ti liu khc nhau cc a ch c n nh cho
LPT1, LPT2 li sai lch nhau. Phn ln trong cc phin bn ca BIOS chy trong giai
on khi ng (boot phase) ca my tnh, trong phn cng ca my tnh c
kim tra v cu hnh ca my tnh, c th y a ch cc giao din song song, ang
tn ti c xut ra mn hnh (trong mt khung hnh ch nht). Ta c th lm dng
qu trnh khi ng my tnh bng phm quan st k cc thng s c lit k
trong bng.
IV.
CNG COM
Cng COM c 9 chn v giao tip truyn d liu trc tip vi IC super I/O. Cng COM
ghp ni cho php trao i thng tin gia cc thit b tng bit mt. Cc thit b ngoi vi
nh my v, modem, chut v my in c th c ni vi PC qua cng ni tip COM.
Data
Chip cu nam
Super I/O
Status
Cng
COM
Hnh 4.12: S kt ni cng Com
Hnh 4.13: S chc nng chn cng Com
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Hnh 4.14: S mch kt ni cng Com

V.
CNG VGA
Cng
VGA
R
G
B
Chip cu Bc
H Syn
V Syn
GND
Hnh 4.15: S kt ni VGA

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Tn hiu cng mn hnh VGA bao gm cc tn hiu chnh sau:
Tn hiu mu R
Tn hiu mu xanh l cy G
Tn hiu mu xanh dng B
Tn hiu xung ng b dc V-Sysnc
Tn hiu xung ng b ngang H-Sysnc
y l tn hiu hnh nh xut pht t chp cu bc c tch hp VGA hoc chp VGA ring
bit. VGA vit tt t Video Graphic Adapter , trong ngn ng chuyn ngnh gi l bo mch
ha, bo mch ho l bo mch thm vo my tnh c nhim v chuyn cc hnh nh
c to bn trong my tnh thnh cc tn hiu in t cn thit m mn hnh my tnh
c th hin th ln. N quyt nh s lng mu, tn s qut v phn gii ti a c th
c hin th.
VI.
CNG IDE
R+;R-
SATA
4
T+;T-
SATA
3
1v8
R+;R-
SDA
T+;T-
SCL
IC Giao
tip
R+;RT+;T-
SATA
2
SATA
1
GND
Chip cu Nam
Data
Status
IDE
Control
Hnh 4.16: S kt ni giao tip IDE v SAT
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Hnh 4.17: M ta chn c ng giao ti p IDE

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Hnh 4.18: M ta chn c ng giao ti p IDE

VII.
CNG SATA
Hnh 4.19: M ta chn c ng giao ti p SATA

CU HI KIM TRA:
1. Cng PS/2 s dng bao nhiu chn, k tn chc nng tng chn?
2. Cng USB s dng bao nhiu chn, k tn chc nng tng chn?
3. M t chc nng cc chn cng LPT?
4. Chc nng cc chn giao tip SATA?
5. Cc dy tn hiu chnh ca cng VGA?
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BI 5: SA CHA MCH NGUN TRN MAINBOARD DESKTOP

Mc tiu
I.
Nguyn l hot ng cc mch n p cp ngun CPU, chipset, RAM, AGP, PCIe.
Phng php kim tra v sa cha mch ngun trn Mainboard Desktop
CC MCH NGUN TRN MAINBOARD DESKTOP
1. Ngun ATX
Chc nng ca ngun ATX: Bin i in p input 220V hoc 110V AC thnh cc in
p DC ti ng ra output: 5V, 3.3V, 12V cp nng lng cho Mainboard.
Ngun ATX c hai phn l ngun cp trc (Standby) v ngun chnh (Main Power)
Khi cm in AC 220V cho b ngun, ngun Standby hot ng v cung cp
5V SB cho Mainboard, in p ny s qua mch n p 3.3V hoc cung cp trc
tip cho mch khi ng ngun trn Chipset nam v IC-SIO.
Khi kch cng tc power on tc ng vo mch khi ng trong Chipset nam
Chipset a ra lnh P.ON cho i qua IC - SIO ri a ra chn P.ON ca jck
cm ln ngun ATX (chn P.ON l chn c dy mu xanh l cy), khi c lnh P.ON
(= 0V) ngun chnh Main Power lc ny mi hot ng.
Khi ngun chnh hot ng cung cp Mainboard cc in p 3,3V (dy mu cam),
5V (dy mu ), 12V (dy mu vng), -5V (dy mu trng) v -12V (dy mu
xanh l).
ng thi sau khi mch ngun chnh hot ng khong thi gian 500ms s xut
hin tn hiu power good - PWR_OK (dy mu xm), tn hiu ny bo hiu ngun
ATX c cc mc in p ti ng ra output ng chun Mainboard c kch
hot
Hnh 5.1: S chn Jck ngun chnh ATX

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2. S mch ngun trn Mainboard
Hnh 5.2: S ngun Mainboard Desktop

a. Ngun trc tip
Trn Mainboard desktop mt s linh kin s dng trc tip ngun in t ngun
ATX m khng qua mch n p, l cc linh kin:
IC to xung nhp (Clock Gen) c cp in trc tip 3.3V ATX
Chipset nam s dng trc tip cc in p 3.3V, 5V v 5V SB
IC ROM BIOS s dng ngun trc tip t in p 3.3V
IC-SIO s dng trc tip ngun 3,3V v 5V SB
(Cc linh kin s dng trc tip ngun in t ngun ATX hay b s c khi ta s
dng ngun ATX km cht lng)
b. Mch ngun n p trn Mainboard
Cc linh kin nh CPU, RAM, Card Video v Chipset bc chng thng chy cc
mc in p thp, v vy chng thng c cc mch n p ring h p t cc
ngun 3,3V, 5V hoc 12V xung cc mc in p thp t 1,3V n 2,5V.
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Ngun n p CPU:
VRM l mch n p ngun cho CPU, mch ny c chc nng bin i in p
12V xung khong t 0.8v n 1.85V v tng dng in t khong 2A ln n
10A cung cp nng lng CPU, cc Mainboard Pentium III mch VRM bin
i in p t 5V xung khong 1,7V cp cho CPU
CPU socket c cc in p:
VCCP: in p cp nng lng chnh cho CPU (1.15 - 1.5V)
VCC_1V2VID: in p d iu chnh ngun CPU
VTT: in p giao tip gia CPU vi MCH v RAM (1.1 - 1.2V)
Ngun n p chipset:
L mch n p ngun cp cho cc Chipset, cc Chipset nam v bc ca Intel
thng s dng in p chnh l 2.5V, 1.8V, 1.5V, cc Chipset VIA thng s
dng in p khong 3V.
Chp cu bc c cc in p:
VCC_DDR: in p ngun RAM
VTT
VCC_1V8S: Ngun chnh cp chp cu Bc v chp cu Nam, in p c
to ra t ngun 3.3V, Main qua mch n p cp cho chp cu Bc.
VCC_1V5S: Ngun chnh cp chp cu Bc v chp cu Nam
Chp cu Nam ICH8 - Intel c cc in p sau:
VCC_5V0SUS: in p c cung cp trc tip t ngun 5VSB.
VCC_3V3SUS: in p c cung cp t ngun 3.3v Main qua mch n
p.
VCC_1V8S
VCC_1V5S
VCCP
VTT
VCC_3V3S: Ngun c cp t ngun chnh ATX.
VCC_5VOS
RTCVCC: Ngun Pin CMOS.
Ngun n p RAM:
L mch n p cp ngun slot RAM trn Mainboard. Ty thuc vo chng loi
RAM c cc in p ngun khc nhau:
SDR-SDRAM trn h thng Pentium III s dng 3,3V th khng cn n p
DDR-SDRAM trn h thng Pentium IV th cn cc mch n p gim in p
cp ngun ph hp:
DDR s dng in p 2,5V
DDR2 s dng in p 1,8V
DDR3 s dng in p 1,5V
Ngun Slot RAM thng c in p:
VCC_DDR: in p ngun RAM
VCC_REF: in p ny khong ngun RAM
Ngun n p AGP/PCIe:
L mch n p cp ngun cho khe cm card mn hnh. C 2 chun thng dng
l AGP v PCIe.
AGP 2x/4x s dng in p 3.3V nn khng cn n p
AGP 4x/8x s dng in p 1.5V s qua mch gim v n nh in p cho
ph hp
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PCIe 16x s dng in p 3.3V nn khng c n p
in p ngun Slot AGP/PCI/PCIe
VCC 12V
Vcc 3.3V
Vcc 5V
Vcc 3.3V SB
Vcc 1.5V (ch c i vi AGP 4x/8x)
3. Hot ng m ngun trn Mainboard
S nguyn l mch m ngun:
Thch anh dao ng
Power SW
Chip cu nam
n p
3.3v
Super I/O
Hnh 5.3: S nguyn l mch h ngun - Dng 1
Thch anh dao ng
Power SW
Chip cu nam
n p
3.3v
Super I/O
in tr
Mosfet o
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Thch anh dao ng
Chip cu nam
Power SW
n p
3.3v
Super I/O
Thch anh dao ng
Chip cu nam
Power SW
n p
3.3v
Super I/O
Khi cm in AC b ngun ATX, ngun cp trc trn b ngun ATX hot ng

v cung cp Mainboard in p 5V STB (in p cp trc), in p ny qua
mch n p 3.3VDC s cung cp cho mch khi ng ngun trong Chipset
Nam v IC- SIO.
Khi kch cng tc Power On (Power SW ti jack Panel trn Mainboard), chn
PWR chp xung Mass v i trng thi t mc Logic 1 sang mc Logic 0 tc
ng vo Chp cu Nam, Chip cu nam xut ra lnh P.ON cho i qua IC- SIO,
bn trong chp Super I/O c mch bo v s c ngun, nu ngun tt lnh
P.ON c a ra chn s 14 ca jck cp ngun ATX trn Mainboard iu
khin cho ngun chnh hot ng.
Mt s Mainboard lnh power on c thm transistor hoc mosfet o trc khi
a ti chn 14 ca Jack ngun ATX.
Mt s Mainboard lnh m ngun c iu khin trc tip t chp cu nam
Chn 14 Jack ngun ATX c mc thp L (gn 0V) l lnh Power on, mc cao H
(gn bng 5V) l lnh Power off.
Thch anh 32,768KHz to dao ng trong chp cu Nam to xung nhp cho
ng h thi gian thc (RTC: Real Time Clock) v c nui bi Pin CMOS,
ng thi thch anh ny cng to xung nhp cho mch khi ng ngun, nu
thch anh ny hng th mch khi ng s khng hot ng.
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Hin tng v cc nguyn nhn h hng:
Thng thng khi mch kch m ngun h s c hin tng kch Power Mainboard
khng hot ng, ng thi qut CPU, qut ngun ATX khng quay. Cc nguyn
nhn c th xy ra:
Do ngun ATX h
Do h hng transistor hoc mosfet kch m ngun
Do h thch anh dao ng 32.768KHz
Do h hng hoc h chn cc chp nam v chp Super I/O
Cc bc kim tra v sa cha:
Bc 1: loi tr trng hp do ngun ATX h nn kim tra ngun ATX trc
hoc thay th b ngun khc ang hot ng tt loi tr. Cc bc kch ngun
v o kim tra in p:
Cp in AC cho b ngun ATX
Ti u jck ngun chnh ni tt dy mu xanh l vi dy en bt k. Nu
ngun tt qut ngun s quay (qut ngun c cp 12v ngun chnh), nu
qut ngun khng quay l ngun h hng (sa ngun c hng dn
phn in t c bn).
Nu qut quay tip tc o cc in p ti ng ra nh: 12V, 5V, 3.3V, 5VSB v
dy mu xm Power Good phi c 5V
Hnh 5.7: Kch ngun ATX

Bc 2: Kim tra in p cp chp cu Nam v chp super I/O. Cc bc thc
hin:
Cp in Mainboard, lp card test Mainboard v dng tay chm vo cc IC trn
Mainboard xem c b qu nhit. Bnh thng chp hoc IC hot ng tt
thng m m, nu chp b qu nng l b h hng (lc ny cha kch
ngun Power).
o v kim tra in p 5VSB v in p qua mch n p 3.3V ti chn chp
Nam, IC Super I/O hoc cc t in gn chn chp.
Sau khi kim tra cc in p Standby y th kch ngun cho Mainboard
hot ng. Nu Mainboard hot ng tt, qut ngun v qut CPU quay, ng
thi sau mt lc c ting beep, cc n Led 7 on trn card test s nhy t
00 n 7F hoc FF.
Bc 3: Trng hp kch ngun qut ngun v qut CPU khng quay v
Mainboard khng hot ng l h mch m ngun trn Mainboard. Cc bc kim
tra:
Kim tra v d mch m ngun trn Mainboard.
S dng ng h thang o thng mch hoc thang o X1 o t chn 14 ca
jack ngun chnh 20-24 chn n IC super I/O v cc chn linh kin gn chp
cu Nam xc nh kiu dng m ngun trn Mainboard v im cn o in
p m ngun.
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o in p m ngun ti IC Super I/O hoc Chp cu nam.

S dng my hin sng kim tra dao ng ti thch anh 32.768KHz xc
nh tnh trng hot ng ca chp cu nam.
Hnh 5.8: S dng my hin sng o Xung Clock Gen
Kh hoc hn li chn chp cu nam v IC super I/O

Thay IC super I/O hoc chp cu nam
Hnh 5.9: S dng my kh chn Chip
II.
SA MCH CP NGUN CPU

1. S mch nguyn l cp ngun CPU
Mch n p cp ngun CPU hay cn gi l mch VRM (Vol Regu Module) l mch nhn
in p 12V chnh t ngun ATX chuyn i thnh in p thp v c dng in ln
cung cp nng lng CPU, ty thuc tng loi CPU s c in p v dng thch hp,
ngun cung cp CPU c in p t 0.85 n 1.85V v dng in khong 8 n 10A
T CPU c cc in p nhn dng ngun phn hi v mch VRM iu chnh in p
tng thch.
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ATX
12v
VRM
8v-1.85v
Socket CPU
VID
Hnh 5.10: S ngun cp CPU

S mch nguyn l:
Hnh 5.11: V tr ngun n p CPU
Mch bao gm cc linh kin nh: Cun dy, mosfet ngt m, t lc ngun, IC
iu khin PWM, IC li Driver
12v t b ngun ATX
Q1
Cun dy
IC iu khin PWM
in p cp CPU
(Vcore)
IC Driver
T in
Q2
Hnh 5.12: S nguyn l mch VRM

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IC iu khin PWM: C chc nng to dao ng to xung iu khin rng

PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) cp cho cc IC li Driver.
IC Driver: Nhn tn hiu PWM to thnh hai xung vung c pha ngc nhau
iu khin Mosfet.
Mosfet: Chc nng dn v ngt theo tn hiu iu khin ca IC Driver, khi
xung c pha dng th Mosfet dn, khi xung c pha m th Mosfet ngt.
Cun dy v t in: l mch lc in p xung thnh p mt chiu DC.
Mt s Mainboard tng dng in p cung cp Vcore thng s dng 2
mosfet pha di, s mch nh sau:
12v t b ngun ATX
Q1
Cun dy
IC iu
khin PWM
in p cp CPU
(Vcore)
T in
Q2
Hnh 5.13: S mch nguyn l VRM 3 Mosfet
Sau khi c cp ngun 12v t ATX mch vn cha hot ng. Khi c tn
hiu Enable cho php, lc ny IC iu khin rng xung PWM mi hot .
Mch c kh nng t ng iu chnh in p cp cho CPU thng qua tn hiu
Logic cc chn VID0, VID1, VID2, VID3, VID4 t CPU bo v.
Ngoi ra mch cn cp in p Vcore, tn hiu PGOOD v tn hiu bo v qu
p v chp Nam bo tnh trng hot ng ca mch VRM.
2. Mosfet s dng trong mch VRM Mainboard Desktop
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Hnh 5.14: Hnh dng Mosfet ngun mainboard Desktop

3. Cc loi mch n p cp ngun CPU
Mch VRM s dng IC HIP6302 v HIP6601:
Hnh 5.15: S mch VRM s dng IC HIP6302 v HIP6601
VCC: Ngun cung cp cho IC

PWM: Cc chn xung iu ch rng a n iu khin cc cp n
Mosfet.
ISEN: Cc chn cm bin dng in hi tip t ng ra.
VSEN: Chn cm bin in p.
VID0, VID1, VID2, VID3, VID4: Nhn tn hiu Logic nhn dng in p cung
cp CPU.
PGOOD: Bo tnh trng hot ng ca mch VRM v chipset nam.
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Khi c in p VCC 12v t ngun ATX cung cp cho IC dao ng HIP 6302, IC
hot ng to ra hai xung iu khin rng PWM1 v PWM2 cp cho IC
li Driver.
IC li Driver nhn cc xung PWM v tch ra lm hai xung c pha ngc nhau,
sau hai xung ngc pha s a n iu khin chn G ca cc n Mosfet.
Khi Mosfet nhn xung dng s dn, nhn xung s ngt, v vy n Mosfet s
ng ngt lin tc theo nhp dao ng ca xung PWM.
Hai n Mosfet trn mi cp s ng ngt lun phin, n ny dn th n kia
ngt v ngc li, to ra in p xung im gia.
Sau in p xung s c mch lc L - C lc thnh in p mt chiu bng
phng cp cho CPU.
Mch VRM s dng IC ISL6566:
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Hnh 5.16: S mch VRM s dng IC ISL6566
Mch s dng mt IC iu khin to xung PWM v c 3 pha, ngha l c 3 cp
Mosfet dn ngt theo tn hiu xung PWM to in p cp CPU.
Mch VRM s dng IC ADP3188 V ADP3418:
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ch VRM
Hnh 5.17: S ma
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4. Phng php kim tra v sa cha mch VRM
Khi mch VRM b h hng thng c cc hin tng nh:
Kch m ngun qut CPU quay vi vng ri tt, Mainboard khng hot ng.
Kch m ngun khng c, rt Jack ngun 12V cp mch VRM (4 chn) kch
ngun qut CPU quay, nhng Mainboard khng hot ng.
Kch ngun qut CPU quay, Mainboard khng hot ng.
Cc nguyn nhn lm mt in p cp cho CPU:
Socket CPU b cong hoc b gy chn.
CPU h hng .
Mosfet chm (kch ngun qut CPU quay vi vng ri tt).
Mosfet t D-S .
H IC iu khin rng xung PWM.
H IC Driver.
Cc bc kim tra v sa cha mch n p cp ngun CPU:
Bc 1: trnh lm h hng CPU nn o kim tra tnh trng hot ng ca

cc Mosfet cp ngun VRM. S dng thang o X1 o Jack 12V (mu vng)
cp ngun VRM so vi Mass, nu thng mch l cc Mosfet b chm. ng
thi nu nghi ng Mosfet chm D-S c th tho tng Mosfet kim tra .
Bc 2: Cp ngun cho Mainboard, kch power on (Jack panel trn
Mainboard) v o kim tra in p ti cc cun dy hoc t lc ngun ca
mch VRM s c in p mc nh ca Mainboard.
- Mainboard Pentium III, khng cn lp CPU, Power on v cho in p mc
nh khong 1.5V.
- Mainboard Pentium IV socket 478, khng lp CPU, Power on v in p
mc nh 0V.
- Mainboard socket 775, khng lp CPU, Power on v in p mc nh
khong 1V.
- Mt s Mainboard khng lp CPU khng th kch hot Power on.
- Khi kim tra c in p qu cao nn kim tra li cc linh kin trn mch
VRM.
Bc 3: Lp CPU, sau o kim tra li in p Vcore, nu ng h bo
khong 0.85 n 1.85v DC l mch VRM hot ng tt, nu c in p
khng nm trong khong gi tr trn l mch VRM b h hng cn kim tra
mch VRM, trnh t kim tra mch VRM:
- Xc nh m s IC dao ng v IC driver.
- Tra thng s v s mch IC dao ng v IC o pha ti trang
ALLDATASHEET.
- o kim tra cc in p nh: ngun VCC, in p cho php hot ng
EN,.v cc tn hiu logic t CPU.
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 71
Hnh 5.18: S nguyn l mch n p ngun HIP6302 v HIP6602

M s cc IC dao ng IC o pha thng gp:
IC Desktop:
ADP3110; ADP3180; ADP3181; ADP3188; ADP3188;
FAN5019; FAN5090;
ISL6313; ISL6556; ISL6561; ISL6566;.
RT9241; RT9245; RT9600; RT9603; RT9602;
HIP6302; HIP6602
-
III.
SA CHA MCH CP NGUN CHIPSET

1. S cp ngun chp cu bc v chp cu nam
Hnh 5.19: S ngun cp Chipset
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 72
Chp cu bc v nam thng s dng mt s ngun chung nh: VTT; 1.5V; 1.8V,
VCC_DDR. Cc in p ny thng xut pht t ngun chnh 3.3V hoc 5V Dual
(bao gm hai ngun 5V chnh v 5VSB).
Chp cu bc cn s dng thm ngun ca AGP v ngun ca RAM. Cc in p
ny thng c mc in p 3.3V, 2.5V, 1.8V v 1.5V. Ngoi ra cn c cc in p
giao tip VTT c mc in p t 0.9 n 1.25V.
Chp cu nam s dng thm cc in p ngun chnh 3.3V v 5V, ngun cp trc
5vSB, ngun Vcore.
2. Cc loi mch ngun chipset

n p s dng mch op-amp L358 hoc LM324:
Hnh 5.20: S mch n p s dung Op-Amp
Hnh 5.21: Hnh dng v s bn trong IC Op-Amp
Mch bao gm IC Op-Amp v mosfet cng sut:
IC op-amp: Chc nng d vi sai iu khin Mosfet n nh in p ti ng

ra lun lun n nh. Mi IC c 2 hoc 4 t hp Op-Amp bn trong lun c 2
ng vo dng, ng vo m v c mt ng ra.
Mosfet: Dn mch dn yu ty thuc vo in p iu khin t IC op-amp n
nh in p ti ng ra.
KHOA S CP NGH
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Gii thch nguyn l hot ng mch n p ngun 2.5V:
Chn 3: c ghim mt mc p c nh 2.5V t mch phn cc bao gm

Diode Zenner v cu phn th in tr.
Chn 2: Nhn in p hi tip ddieuf chnh in p ng ra.
Chn 1: iu khin Mosfet dn in t 3.3v to thnh 2.5v n nh.
n p s dng mch IC Regulator AMS1085:
Hnh 5.22: Hnh dng v bng in p ghi km theo m s
Hnh 5.23: S c in p Out thay i hoc c nh
M t chn IC:
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 74

Chn 1 (Ground/Adjust): chn ny c ni Mass hoc ni vi cu phn th
iu chnh in p ti ng ra.
Chn 2 (Vout): in p ra t IC.
Chn 3 (Vin): in p vo IC.
AMS 1085 l IC n nh in p ng ra gim p (1.5V, 2.5V, 2.85V, 3.0V, 3.3V,
3.5V v 5V), dng in cung cp ti a 3A. Thng thng khi chn s 2 ca IC
c ni t th in p ti ng ra VOUT ng bng in p ghi trn thn IC km
theo pha sau m s.
n p s dng mch IC Regulator 78L05:
Hnh 5.24: S chn IC 7805
Hnh 5.25: Hnh dng IC n p 7805

IC 78L05 l IC n p 5V, dng in cung cp nh ti a 100mA
S mch in n gin, chc nng cc chn IC:
Chn Vin: in p cung cp cho IC n p

Chn GND: Ni vi t Mass
Chn Vout: in p ra 5V c n p
Hnh 5.26: S mch nguyn l n p 7805
n p s dng mch IC Regulator RT921:
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 75
Hnh 5.27: S mch ngun IC RT9214

M t chc nng chn IC:
Chn 1 (Boot): Chn ngun khi ng ca mosfet UGATE ti chn s 2. Gia
chn 1 (Boot) v chn 8 (Phase) c in tr v t khi ng.
Chn 5 (Vcc): Chn cung cp ngun t 5v hoc 12V.
Chn 6 (FB- FeedBack): Chn nhn hi tip t in p ti ng ra.
Chn 3 (GND): Chn ni mass.
Chn 4 (LGATE): Chn iu khin cc Gate ca Mosfet pha di.
Chn 7 (OPS- Ocset Por and Shutdown): Chn nhn hi tip dng in ng ra.
Chn 8 (Phase): Chn kt ni chn ny vi im gia mosfet trn v di.
Chn 2 (UGATE): Chn kt ni cc gate ca mosfet pha trn.
in p ti ng ra Vout ph thuc vo 2 in tr R2 v R3, cng thc tnh in p
ng ra nh sau:
Vout = Vref x (1 + R3/R2)
Vref: l in p mu bn trong IC (0.8V sai s 2%)
n p s dng mch IC Regulator L1117:
Hnh 5.28: Cc hnh dng IC LM1117
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 76

LM 1117 thng c s dng n nh in p 3.3V cp cho chipset. y l IC n
p ng ra c th iu chnh hoc c nh (2.5V, 2.8V, 3.3V v 5V), dng in cung
cp ti a 800mA
Hnh 5.29: S nguyn l in ra Vout c nh
Hnh 5.30: S nguyn l in p ra Vout thay i c
Hnh 5.31: S mch trn Mainboard Intel
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 77

3. Phng php kim tra mch cp ngun chipset
Mch n p chipset thng nm gn hoc gia chp cu bc v cu nam, khi o in
p cc Mosfet n p ny thng c in p 1.05V, 1.5V, 1.8V v 2.5V (tham kho s
chn cc chipset cui gio trnh). V chipset c chn gm nn khng th o in p
trc tip c.
Hnh 5.32: V tr cc Mosfet ngun Chipset

Cc bc kim tra in p cp ngun chipset
Bc 1: o kim tra tnh trng hot ng ca Mosfet ngun
Bc 2: o Ohm gia cc chn mosfet so vi Mass
Bc 3: Cp in Mainboard, bt ngun v kim tra nhit chipset (cu bc v cu
nam)
Bc 4: o in p ti cc S (hoc ti pin Vout cc IC n p) c in p t 1.05V
n 2.5V
4. Cc h hng thng gp v chipset:
IV.
Cc Mosfet ngun chipset chm

Chipset h hng do chm cc chn ngun bn trong chipset, b chm ngun
chipset thng rt nng khi va cp in Mainboard. Ch , khi chipset b h hng
hoc b chm cn kim tra li ngun ATX v cc thit b s dng trn khe cm m
rng nh: Card mn hnh, card m thanh, RAM,c th cc thit b ny chm lm
h hng Mainboard
Khi chipset s dng lu ngy b bong hoc h chn lm Mainboard khng hot
ng khi kch hot Power On
S dng card Test kim tra khng c tn hiu RESET hoc n BIOS khng sng
SA CHA MCH NGUN SLOT RAM

1. Thng s cc loi RAM
Loi RAM
SDR
DDR
DDR2
DDR3
in p s dng
3,3V
2,5V
1,8V
1,5V
KHOA S CP NGH
S chn
168
184
240
240
Mch n p
khng c
c
c
c
Trang 78
Hnh 5.33: in p ghi trn Slot RAM DDR v DDR II
Hnh 5.34: in p ghi trn Slot RAM DDR III
Module SDR-SDRAM s dng in p trc tip t ngun 3.3v chnh ca ngun ATX
Module DDR- SDRAM in p 2.5v, DDR II- SDRAM in p 1.8v, DDR III- SDRAM
in p 1.5V. Nn tt c iu cn mch n p ngun gim in p cung cp
2. S in p Slot RAM
SDR-SDRAM:
Hnh 5.35: V tr s ca chn Slot RAM SDR-SDRAM
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 79
Hnh 5.36: Cc chn c cung cp in p

SDR-SDRAM c 168 chn, in p cung cp l 3.3V, khi kim tra cn o in
p ti cc chn 6, 18, 26, 40, 41, 49, 59, 73, 84, 90, 102, 110, 124, 133, 143,
157, 168,
DDR-SDRAM:
Hnh 5.37: V tr s ca chn Slot RAM DDR-SDRAM

DDR-SDRAM c 184 chn, in p cung cp l 2.5V, khi kim tra cn o in
p ti cc chn 7, 15, 22, 30, 38, 46, 54, 62, 70, 77, 85, 96, 104, 108, 112,
120, 128, 136, 143, 148, 156, 164, 168, 172, 180, 184)
DDR II-SDRAM:
Hnh 5.39: V tr s ca chn Slot RAM DDR II-SDRAM
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 80

DDR II-SDRAM c 240 chn, in p cung cp l 1.8V, khi kim tra cn o
in p ti cc chn 51, 53, 56, 59, 62, 64, 67,69, 72, 75, 78, .
DDRIII-SDRAM:
Hnh 5.41: V tr s ca chn Slot RAM DDR III-SDRAM
DDR III-SDRAM c 240 chn, in p cung cp l 1.5V, khi kim tra cn o

in p ti cc chn 51, 54, 57, 60, 62, 65, 66, 69, 72, 75, 78, 170, 173, 176,
179, 182, 183, 186, 189, 191, 194, 197,
3. Mch ngun n p Slot RAM

a. Cc loi mch ngun RAM
Mch n p ngun RAM hot ng cng tng t nh ngun chipset
n p s dng mch IC Regulator LT1575:
Hnh 5.42: S chn IC LT1575

M t chc nng chn IC:
Chn 1 (SHDN): Chn nhn in p mu Vref hoc c ni qua t xung
Mass cht Time-out cc Gate ca Mosfet bn ngoi
Chn 2 (Vin): Nhn in p ngun cung cp cho IC, in p cung cp ti a
20V
Chn 3 (GND): Ni t Mass
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 81
Chn 4 (FB): Nhn in p hi tip t ng ra a vo khi khuch i d

sai bn trong IC. Chn ny thng c ni Mass qua in tr v t
Chn 5 (COMP): L chn tr khng ca mch khuch i d sai bn trong
IC.
Chn 6 (GATE): Ng ra ca mch khuch i d sai iu khin cc Gate
Mosfet cng sut
Chn 7 (INEG): Ng vo m mch gii hn dng in bn trong IC
Chn 8 (IPOS): Ng vo dng mch gii hn dng in bn trong IC
Hnh 5.43: S mch ng dng IC LT1575-3.3
M s IC ghi in p ti ng ra Out c nh hoc thay i:

LT1575CN8/ LT1575CS8
LT1575CN8-1.5
LT1575CN8-2.8
LT1575CN8-3.3
LT1575CN8-3.5
LT1575CN8-3.3/ADJ
in
in
in
in
in
in
p thay i
p 1.5V c nh
p 2.8V c nh
p 3.3V c nh
p 3.5V c nh
p 3.3V c nh/ thay i
n p s dng mch IC Regulator W83310
Hnh 5.44: S chn IC W83310
Hnh 5.45: S mch ng dng IC W83310

M t chn
Chn 1 (Vin): Cung cp ngun cho Mosfet n p bn trong IC
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 82

Chn 3 (Vref): Nhn in p mu, ng thi chn ny c th s dng tt
in p ng ra
Chn 4 (Vout): in p ng ra ca IC
Chn 5, 6, 7, 8 (VCNT): in p cp mch iu khin cc Gate bn trong
IC
c tnh:
IC W83310S hot ng vi ngun cung cp l 3.3V v 2.5V
Bn trong IC n p s dng cp Mosfet n nh v gim in p ng ra
ti chn VOUT
C th iu khin tt m in p ng ra ti chn Vref
n p s dng mch IC Regulator RT9173
Hnh 5.46: Hnh dng v s chn IC RT9173
Hnh 5.47: S mch ng dng

b. Xc nh v tr mch ngun RAM
Hnh 5.48: o xc nh Mosfet ngun RAM
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 83
Mch ngun n p cho RAM thng nm gn cc khe cm RAM, xc nh v

tr mosfet RAM s dng ng h do thng mch gia cc S cc mosfet vi cc
chn cung cp in khe cm RAM
c. Phng php kim tra v sa cha

Bc 1: Xc nh pin ngun ca Slot RAM
Bc 2: Xc nh mch ngun RAM trn Mainboard PC
Bc 3: o kim tra mosfet
Bc 4: Cp in o kim tra in p ngun Slot RAM
Cc hin tng h Slot RAM:
Mainboard khng khi ng, pht ra ting bp h RAM nhng thay RAM hot
ng tt cng khng c
Mosfet thng chm khng c ngun cp Slot RAM
Slot DIMM h hng tip xc khng tt
.
V.
SA CHA MCH NGUN CP SLOT CARD MN HNH

Slot s dng lp card mn hnh hin nay thng s dng c 2 chun:
AGP:
1x,2x in p 3.3V khng c mch n p
4x, 8x in p 1.5V c mch n p 1.5V
PCIe 16x khng c mch n p
Hnh 5.49: Khe cm AGP v PCIe x16
Cc khe cm card mn hnh AGP 1X/2X s dng in p 3.3V, nn c cp in

trc tip t ngun 3.3V t ngun ATX
Cc khe cm AGP 2X/4X s dng in p 1.5V cn thng qua mch n p ngun
gim in p trn Mainboard
Ngoi ra in p khe cm AGP v PCIe x16 u c cc in p khc nh: 3.3VSB,
3.3V, 5V v 12V
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 84
Hnh 5.50: S chn khe cm AGP
Hnh 5.51: Cc in p khe cm AGP
Hnh 5.52: S chn khe cm PCIe x16
Hnh 5.53: S chn ngun Slot PCIe
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 85

CU HI KIM TRA:
1. V s cc kiu mch m ngun trn Mainboard Desktop?
2. Gii thch s nguyn l hot ng mch VRM (Vol Regu Module)?
3. Chc nng cc chn IC n p LT1117?
4. Chc nng cc chn IC n p AMS/PL1084?
5. Phng php xc nh Mosfet cp ngun RAM?
6. in p cc Module RAM v phng php o kim tra in p cp cc loi RAM: SDRSDRAM, DDR-SDRAM, DDRII-SDRAM, DDRII-SDRAM?
7. Lit k cc in p cp ngun Chp cu Bc v Chp cu Nam?
8. Gii thch s mch ngun cp CPU s dng cp IC HIP6302 v IC HIP 6601?
9. Gii thch s mch ngun cp Chipset s Op-Amp?
10. Lit k cc in p cp khe cm m rng AGP v PCIe x16?
11. Gii thch chc nng cc chn IC n p RT9173?
12. Gii thch chc nng cc chn IC n p LT1575?
13. V v gii thch mch n p s dng IC LT1117 in p ng ra c nh v thay i?
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 86
BI 6: SA CHA MCH TO XUNG CLOCK

Mc tiu
I.
Chc nng v nguyn l mch to xung clock
Phng php kim tra v sa cha mch to xung clock
Nhn dng mch to xung clock trn Mainboard
Chn on v sa cha cc h hng ca mch to xung clock
MCH TO XUNG NHP (CLOCK GENARATOR)
Mch to xung Clock hay cn gi mch Clock Gerenator l mch to xung nhp cung
cp cho mt s thnh phn trn Mainboard nh: CPU, chipset, Slot PCI, Slot AGP,..
Xung clock c ngha rt quan trng trong my tnh, v n xc lp thi gian trong qu
trnh CPU thc hin truy xut d liu hoc truyn nhn d liu, ng b d liu trong
ton h thng. V vy nu mch to xung khng hot ng th my tnh s khng khi
ng c.
CPU hoc chipset hot ng th cn cc iu kin sau:
C in p cung cp ngun
C tn hiu xung clock t mch Clock Gen
C tn hiu RESET t chp cu nam
Vcore
VRM
Socket
CPU
Reset
Clock
Genegator
PCI
AGP
Chip Cu Bc
SIO
LAN
Cu Nam
Hnh 6.1: S Clock Gen
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 87
Hnh 6.2: S tn hiu Clock gen

II.
NGUYN L HOT NG MCH TO XUNG CLOCK

1. S mch Clock Gen
Hnh 6.3: S bn trong IC Clock Gen
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 88

M t chc nng chn IC
VDD: in p cung cp cho IC Clock Gen. in p 3.3v t ngun chnh ATX
FS(4:0): Thit lp ch chia tn s xung clock trong IC, tn hiu iu khin ny
t CPU.
SDATA v SCLK: Trao i d liu ni tip I2C vi IC nh, SlotPCI, chp cu nam v
RAM.
Vtt_PWR_GD# - Tn hiu bo s c ca ngun ATX v cc mch n p trn Main
(tn hiu ny t chp cu nam v mch n p CPU).
X1 v X2: Kt ni vi thch anh bn ngoi IC to dao ng ni bn trong.
CPUCLK0 (CLK CPU v CLK CPU-): Cung cp xung Clock cp cho CPU.
CPUCLK1 (CLK MCH v CLK MCH-): Cung cp xung Clock cp cho chp cu bc.
3V66 (2:0): Cung cp xung Clock cho chp cu bc, chp cu nam v Slot AGP.
RESSET#: To tn hiu Reset cp CPU v chp cu nam (SW RESET cng c ni
vi chn ny)
PCICLK (9:0): Cung cp xung Clock cp cho cc Slot PCI, FWH, SIO, LAN
REF (1:0): Tn hiu xung clock chun t dao ng ni c tn s bng tn s ghi
trn thch anh 14.3MHz.
ch Clock Gen
Hnh 6.4: S kt ni ma
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 89

2. Nguyn l hot ng
ATX
Vtt_PWRGD
Vcore
VRM
Socket
CPU
Reset
LOGIC
Clock
Genegator
PCI
AGP
PWRGD_VRM
Power Good
Chip Cu Bc
SIO
LAN
Cu Nam
t
ng ta
o xung nhip
Hnh 6.5: S nguyn ly hoa
Sau khi kch hot POWER SW th cc ngun chnh 12v, 5v, 3.3v v cc mch n p
cp ngun CPU, chipset, RAM, ... s hot ng to ra cc in p cp cho cc thnh
phn trn Mainboard. Nu cc in p ny hot ng n nh v ng in p th s
c tn hiu bo ngun tt ti chn Vtt_PWRGD ca IC Clock Gen, ng thi in p
3.3V t ngun chnh ATX cng cung cp cho mch to dao ng. Lc ny IC Clock
Gen s hot ng to xung nhp cung cp cho CPU, chipset,
3. V tr mch xung clock trn Mainboard
Trn Mainboard IC Clock Gen thng c 2 hn chn v km theo k bn c thch anh
ghi trn thn 14.3 MHz.
Ch : Trn Mainboard cng c IC 4 hoc 2 hn chn v thch anh 25MHz l chp
LAN, khng phi l IC Clock Gen
Mch to
xung nhp
Hnh 6.6
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 90

III.
PHNG PHP SA CHA MCH TO XUNG NHP

Kim tra mch to xung nhp s dng card test PC:
Bc 1: Lp CPU, RAM, Card Test vo Mainboard
Bc 2: Lp kt ni ngun v cp ngun cho Mainboard
Bc 3: Kch ngun ti Jack PANEL v kim tra Led CLOCK trn card test
Led sng c xung nhp
Led tt mt xung nhp
Hnh 6.7: Kim tra xung Clock s dng Card Test Mainboard
Kim tra mch to xung nhp s dng my hin sng (oscilloscope)
Bc 1: Xc nh mch to xung nhp v cc pin cp xung nhp cho cc thnh phn
trn Mainboard
Bc 2: Bt my hin sng v iu chnh ch chun.
Bc 3: Lp CPU, RAM, kt ni ngun v cp ngun cho Mainboard.
Bc 4: Kch ngun ti Jack PANEL v o cc xung nhp ti pin IC Clock Gen.
Hnh 6.8: Kim tra xung Clock s dng my hin sng
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 91

Cc hin tng h hng v phng php khc phc:
Sau khi cc in p trn Mainboard n nh, mch to xung nhp mi hot ng v
cung cp tn hiu xung clock n cc thnh phn trn Mainboard. Nn khi mch Clock
Gen b h hng my tnh s khng khi ng c. S dng card Test Main hoc my
hin sng kim tra xung clock.
Hin tng h hng: Cp ngun, kch Power SW, qut CPU v qut ngun quay
nhng my khng khi ng, khng hin th trn mn hnh.
Cc nguyn nhn lm mt xung Clock:
Ngun ATX b h hng

Thch anh 14.3 MHz h hng
Chn IC to xung nhp tip xc mch in khng tt hoc IC h hng
Mt cc tn hiu hi tip v IC to xung nhp:
Mt ngun cung cp cho IC Clock Gen
Tn hiu bo ngun cp CPU, RAM, Chipset,. (Vtt_PWRGD)
Phng php khc phc
Thay ngun ATX ang hot ng tt

Thay thch anh 14.3MHz
Hn v v sinh li chn ca IC Clock Gen
Kim tra in p ti chn IC
Thay IC Clock Gen khc
o kim tra cc mch ngun n p cho CPU, chipset, RAM,
CU HI KIM TRA
1. Chc nng mch to xung Clock?
2. Cc thnh phn linh kin trn Mainboard cn cung cp xung Clock?
3. Phng php kim tra tn hiu xung Clock?
4. Cc iu kin cn mch to xung Clock hot ng?
5. in p cung cp mch to xung clock bao nhiu Vol?
6. Gii thch nguyn l hot ng mch to Xung Clock?
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 92
BI 7: SA CHA MCH TO XUNG RESET

Mc tiu
Nguyn l hot ng ca tn hiu reset
Phng php kim tra v sa cha mch tn
Chn on v sa cha PAN mt tn hiu reset trn Mainboard
I.
GII THIU
1. Chc nng mch RESET
Trong cc mch in k thut s hoc vi iu khin (vi x l) thng s dng mt tn
hiu t li trng thi lm vic ca ton b h thng. Tn hiu ny c gi l tn
hiu RESET
Trong my tnh tn hiu RESET s a my tnh tr v trng thi bt u khi ng,
c th hiu tn hiu RESET nh mt du hiu bo my tnh bt u hot ng nu
mt tn hiu ny my tnh c th khng khi ng c.
2. Tn hiu RESET trn Mainboard
Trn Mainboard c mt s thnh phn cn cung cp tn hiu RESET hot ng
nh:
CPU
Chipset
Slot AGP hoc PCIe
Slot PCI
Flash ROM (ROM BIOS)
IC Super I/O
Chp Sound
Chp LAN
Clock Gen
..
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 93
Hnh 7.1: S tn hiu Reset

Nu xt iu kin cn CPU hot ng theo th t cc iu kin nh sau:
in p cung cp ngun Vcore
in p giao tip VTT_FSB
Tn hiu bo s c ngun ang hot ng tt CPU PWRGD t chp cu nam
Xung nhp nh thi CK_CPU_H v CK_CPU_L c cung cp t mch Clock
Gen
Tn hiu RESET t chp cu bc ti CPU CPURST. y l mt tn hiu ch xut hin
trong khong thi gian ngn 0.5s
Vcc
RESET
CLOCK
VI X L
POWER GOOD
Hnh 7.2: Cc tn hiu cung cp CPU

II.
NGUYN L HOT NG TN HIU RESET

Trn Mainboard tn hiu RESET h thng xut pht t chp cu nam. iu kin chp
cu nam a ra tn hiu RESET l:
y cc in p cung cp 3.3v, 5v, Vcore,VBAT,
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Tn hiu xung nhp t mch Clock Gen

Tn hiu bo s c ngun tt
.
CPU
Vcc
Clock
GMCH
PCI
PWRGD
Clear CMOS
Tin hiu bo ngun n p
trn mainboard
Sourth Bridge
(Chip cu nam)
AGP
IDE
3.3v BAT
LAN
SOUND
SIO
Hnh 7.3: S tn hiu Reset

Khi y cc iu kin chp cu nam s cung cp tn hiu RESET n cc cng giao tip,
IC SIO, Sound, Lan, chp cu bc. Sau tn hiu ny c a ti CPU thng qua chp
cu bc, lc ny CPU mi bt u hot ng v truy tm n ROM BIOS c d liu
thc hin tin trnh POST
III.
PHNG PHP KIM TRA TN HIU RESET

Tng t nh kim tra mch to xung nhp, nhng thay v quan st led CLK th by gi
quan st led RESET
Kim tra mch RESET s dng card test PC:
Bc 1: Lp CPU, RAM,Card Test vo Mainboard
Bc 3: Kch ngun ti Jack PANEL v kim tra Led RESET trn card test
Led sng hoc tt lun khng c tn hiu RESET
Led chp sng sau tt c tn hiu RESET
Nguyn nhn mt tn hiu RESET:
Khi tn hiu RESET mt th Mainboard s khng khi ng. Cc nguyn nhn lm mt
tn hiu RESET:
Chp cu nam h hng
Thch anh 32.768 KHz
in p cp chp cu nam b mt
Tn hiu Power Good t ngun ATX mt
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Cc mch n p cp ngun trn Mainboard h hng

Mch logic to tn hiu PWROK h hng
in p Pin CMOS yu
Khng c xung nhp t mch Clock Gen cp cho chp cu nam
Khi cc linh kin khc trn Mainboard b chm c th lm chp ngun hoc chp
cc ng giao tip vi chp cu nam cng lm chp cu nam khng hot ng
nn s khng c tn hiu RESET
CU HI KIM TRA:
1. V s nguyn l mch Reset trn Mainboard?
2. Cc thnh phn linh kin trn Mainboard cn cp tn hiu Reset?
3. Phng php kim tra tn hiu Reset Mainboard?
4. iu kin cn CPU hot ng?
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BI 8: QU TRNH HOT NG CPU

Mc tiu:
I.
Nguyn l hot ng ca CPU
Chn on v sa cha PAN Mainboard khng khi ng
QU TRNH KHI NG CPU

1. iu kin CPU khi ng
CPU khi ng cn c cc iu kin sau:
in p cung cp ngun Vcore
in p giao tip VTT_FSB
Tn hiu bo s c ngun ang hot ng tt CPU PWRGD t chp cu nam
Xung nhp nh thi CK_CPU_H v CK_CPU_L c cung cp t mch Clock
Gen
Tn hiu RESET t chp cu bc ti CPU CPURST
Khi c y cc tn hiu trn CPU bt u hot ng. Tuy nhin c mt s
trng hp CPU vn khng khi ng c l do:
Socket CPU b h hng hoc tip xc khng tt.
Mainboard phi c h tr CPU (tc FSB tng thch).
Vcore
CPU_CLK
Socket
CPU
Clock
Genegator
3.3v
CPURST#
VRM
CPU_PWRG
ATX
Chip Cu Bc
PCI
Logic
PWROK
Cu Nam
PCIRST#
AGP
IDE
BIOS
LAN
SOUND
SIO
RESET SW
PWR SW
Hnh 8.1: Qu trnh hot ng CPU
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2. Qu trnh khi ng ca CPU
Trnh t qu trnh khi ng ca CPU:
Khi va cp ngun ATX s c in p 5vSB cp cho chp cu nam v IC super I/O
Khi kch Power SW ngun ATX m cc ngun chnh cp cho cc thnh phn trn
Mainboard.
CPU c cp in v c in p Vcore.
Mch Logic nhn cc tn hiu bo cc s c ca cc mch n p trn Mainboard v
tn hiu Power Good t ngun ATX, nu tt c u hot ng tt mch logic xut
ra tn hiu PWROK# cp cho chp cu nam v chp cu bc.
Mch Clock Gen hot ng to xung nhp cung cp cho cc thnh phn trn
Mainboard v CPU.
Chp cu bc tip tc a tn hiu CPU_PWRG# n CPU.
Chp cu nam a ra tn hiu PCIRST# n cc Slot PCI, AGP, PCIe, IDE, LAN,
SOUND, IC SIO, FWH, Chp cu bc
Chp cu bc tip tc a tn hiu CPURST# n CPU
Lc ny CPU bt u hot ng thc hin truy xut chng trnh POST t ROM
BIOS.
Nu ni dung trong ROM BIOS tt, qu trnh khi ng s c tip tc cho n
khi khi ng h iu hnh v my tnh hot ng.
Nu ni dung ROM BIOS b h hng c th lm cho b treo my sau vi giy khi
ng hoc khi ng khng c.
II.
PHNG PHP KIM TRA V SA CHA CPU KHNG KHI NG

1. Phng php kim tra tnh trng hot ng ca CPU
bit CPU c hot ng tin hnh thc hin cc bc Test nh sau:
Bc 1: Lp CPU, RAM,Card Test vo Mainboard
Bc 3: Kch ngun ti Jack PANEL v kim tra Led trn card test
Led RESET:
Led sng hoc tt lun khng c tn hiu RESET
Led chp sng sau tt c tn hiu RESET
Led CLK:
Led sng c xung nhp
Led tt mt xung nhp
Led OSC(FRAME) v BIOS (IRDY)
Hai led ny sng hoc va chp va sng CPU hot ng v ang

thc hin c ROM BIOS
Hai led ny khng sng CPU khng hot ng
Hai laed ny sng vi giy sau tt ROM BIOS, RAM, Slot RAM, ngun
RAM b li lc ny nn quan st m bo li led 7 on chn on
nguyn nhn gy h hng
2. Cc h hng thng gp v phng php khc phc
CPU khng tng thch (Mainboard khng support ti).

CPU tip xc khng tt (tho ra gn li, v sinh mt tip xc i vi socket 775).
H socket gn CPU (do hat ng lu ngy v nhit cao).
Li chp BIOS ROM (tho chp BIOS ROM ra v sinh, nu khng th np li th).
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H chp cu Bc (phi hp chp hoc ng li chp, ci ny phi c my ng chp

mi lm c).
CU HI KIM TRA:
1. Gii thch qu trnh khi ng CPU?
2. Phng php kim tra trng thi hot ng CPU?
3. Lit k cc nguyn nhn CPU khng hot ng?
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BI 9: KIT NP ROM
Mc tiu
I.
Hiu bit v my np ROM
Phng php ci t v s dng my np ROM
Chn on v sa cha PAN v ROM Mainboard
Phng php np ROM

GII THIU MY NP ROM
My np ROM l thit b hay cng c dng np ni dung hoc chng trnh cho IC
ROM. ROM BIOS ca Mainboard PC v Mainboard Laptop cng s dng thit b ny h
tr np ni dung BIOS khi b h hng
Hin nay my np ROM c nhiu loi, nhng ph bin nht v c s dng nhiu l
my SUPERPRO Model 580U l do hng Xeltek sn xut. Loi my ny th chuyn
nghip, support hu ht cc loi Flash ROM hin hnh t u a VCD, DVD, MP4,
TIVI, LCD cho ti PC Mainboard, Laptop, VGA card cc ni chuyn sa laptop u
phi trang b mt my loi ny.Tuy nhin my ny kh t tin
Hnh 9.1: Hnh my np ROM 580U
Mt loi my np khc thng c gi l Kit np a nng do Vit Nam sn xut ch

support c cc loi chp nht nh v khng ng hp nn rt d lm hng bo mch
do phi tip xc trc tip vi mi trng v s va chm trc tip ln linh kin. u
im ca loi my ny l gi r ph hp vi cc ca hng dch v nh
Hnh 9.2: Kit np ROM a nng
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II.
Ngoi ra cn mt s loi khc nhng khng c s dng nhiu trong vic np ROM
BIOS Mainboard
CI T MY NP ROM
SUPERPRO 580U:
Bc 1: a a ci t km theo my vo my tnh
Hnh 9.3: a a ci t vo my tnh
Bc 2: Chn ng loi model my v Click Setup
Hnh 9.4: Giao din Install my np ROM
Bc 3: Click Install ci t v Finish kt thc
Hnh 9.5: Giao din Install my np ROM
Bc 4: Sau khi ci t xong, kt ni my tnh vi my np ROM v ci t driver
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Hnh 9.6: Kt ni my np vi my tnh
Bc 5: Sau click vo biu tng

np tin hnh np ROM
s c giao din chng trnh ca my
Hnh 9.7: Giao din chng trnh my np SP580U

Kit np ROM:
Bc 1: Click file setup_98D9.exe v click next
Hnh 9.8: Chn file ci t kit np ROM
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Bc 2: Click Install ci t v finish kt thc
Hnh 9.9: Giao din Install Kit np ROM
Bc 3: Sau khi ci t xong, kt ni kit np vi my tnh, click biu tng

vo giao din tin hnh np ROM
Hnh 9.10: Giao din chng trnh Kit np PCB50

Ch : Khi lp chp ROM BIOS phi ng v tr chn s 1 ca chp ROM v np
ROM
Hnh 9.11: V tr chn IC ROM trn np ROM

-
Sau khi ci t xong my hoc Kit np ROM, th vic tip theo l phi c
file.bin cha m chng trnh np vo chp BIOS ROM ca Mainboard ang
b h.
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-
III.
File.bin c th tm thy trn cc trang Web ca hng sn xut Mainboard hoc

s dng my np ROM ly m chng trnh BIOS trn Mainboard khc ang
hot ng tt, vi iu kin Mainboard cn ly ni dung BIOS phi cng Model
v cng nh sn xut.
HIN TNG H HNG ROM BIOS V PHNG PHP KHC PHC
Trong qu trnh khi ng my tnh, CPU s cho np chng trnh BIOS khi n va
mi hot ng, CPU s cho np chng trnh BIOS v b nh Cache v s dng n
khi ng my, Test Card video v RAM.
Nu hng IC-ROM th qu trnh np BIOS khng thc hin c v vy my khng

khi ng c.
Nu khng np c BIOS hoc chng trnh BIOS li th my tnh c cc biu hin

sau:
Bt cng tc, qut ngun c quay nhng my khng khi ng, khng c thng
bo li.
- Khi khi ng, loa trong pht ra nhng m thanh l (c ting bp ngn ku lin
tc)
- My khng nhn c cng IDE hoc khng nhn bn phm...
- Chng trnh BIOS ch c ti sau khi CPU hot ng v Mainboard c tn
hiu Reset tt, v vy ch kim tra hoc np BIOS cho nhng Mainboard c tn
hiu Reset h thng nhng vn khng hot ng.
Cc bc np ROM BIOS:
Bc 1: Kt ni my np vi my tnh
Bc 2: M giao din SP580U hoc giao din Kit np ROM
Bc 3: La chn hoc nhp m s chp ROM vo DEVICE
Bc 4: Lp chp ROM ln np
Bc 5: Tin hnh sao chp hoc np chng trnh BIOS cho chp ROM
-
Mt s lu khi np ROM BIOS:

Chng trnh BIOS mun np ROM phi cng nh sn xut v model ca
Mainboard.
Chng trnh BIOS c sao chp t cc Mainboard ang hot ng tt.
Lu li trn my tnh di dng file .bin c ni dung m nh phn.
Chng trnh ny s np cho ROM c ni dung b li.
Khi thay chp ROM phi ng m s.
c m s chp ROM:
Hnh 9.12:
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S mt s IC ROM
Hnh 9.13: ROM 82802AB
Hnh 9.14: ROM M29W008AB
Hnh 9.15: ROM M29W008AB
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CU HI KIM TRA:
1. Hy k tn cc loi my np ROM thng dng hin nay?
2. Chc nng ca my np ROM?
3. Phng php np v lu ROM BIOS Mainboard?
4. Phng php tm ni dung ROM BIOS Mainboard?
5. ROM BIOS laptop thng c hnh dng nh th no?
6. Ngun cung cp IC ROM BIOS bao nhiu Vol?
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Bi 10: SA CHA MCH NGUN MAINBOARD LAPTOP

Mc tiu
I.
Hiu nguyn l hot ng cc mch ngun ca Laptop
Nm phng php kim tra v sa cha cc mch ngun Mainboard Laptop
Hiu bit nguyn l v cu to Pin Laptop
Phng php kim tra v thay Cell Pin Laptop

S MCH NGUN MAINBOARD LAPTOP
1. Tng qut
Hnh 10.1: Cc in p trn Mainboard laptop

H thng ngun Mainboard Laptop bao gm cc thnh phn mch ngun khc nhau
nh:
Mch to in p ngun changer BATT: Mch ny c chc nng to ngun
np cho Pin khi nng lng Pin cn. Ty theo dung lng Pin mch t ng iu
chnh in p v dng sc cn thit, khi Pin y mch t ngt in p sc.
Mch la chn ngun cung cp chnh: Mch c chc nng la chn ngun
u vo cung cp nng lng chnh cho Mainboard. Ngun u vo c th l DC in
t Adapter hoc ngun t Pin (BATT).
Mch ngun in p cp trc(V Always): Khi Laptop va c cp in
mch ny hot ng thng xuyn v n p to ra in p 3.3v hoc 5v cung cp
in trc mt s thnh phn trn Mainboard.
Mch ngun 3.3V v 5V : Cc thnh phn hoc linh kin chp hay IC
Mainboard laptop thng s dng in p thp nh 3.3V v 5V. Mch ny to n
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p to ngun 3.3V v 5V. Ty theo tng dng Laptop in p ny c th c trc

hoc sau khi Power-on
Mch ngun chipset: Mch c chc nng n p to cc ngun in p cung
cp cho chipset l chp cu bc v chp cu nam. Mch nhn lnh iu khin
ngun Power-on. Chipset s dng cc in p nh:
Chp cu Nam:
5v_AUX (power-on)
3.3v_AUX (power-on)
1.5v_AUX (power-on)
P5v
P3.3v
P2.5v
P1.5v
VTT (in p giao tip)
.
Chp cu Bc:
VTT
1.8_AUX (power-on)
P3.3v
P2.5v
P1.5v

Mch ngun CPU: y mch n p to ngun cung cp CPU, c k hiu l
Vcore hoc Vcc_Core. in p ny c dng cao khong trn di 10A v in p
t 0.85v n 1.85 ty thuc vo tng chng loi v th h CPU. CPU hot
ng cn c cc in p nh:
Vcc_Core
VTT
P1.5
..
Mch ngun RAM: Tng t RAM ca my bn ty theo tng chng loi s
s dng cc in p RAM khc nhau:
SDRAM: 3.3v
DDR: 2.5v
DDR II: 1.8v
DDR III: 1.5v
2. S tng qut
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Hnh 10.2: S mainboard Laptop
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Hnh 10.3: S ngun Mainboard Laptop
II.
MCH NGUN CHANGER BATT

1. Gii thiu Pin Laptop
Cu to v nguyn l hot ng Pin:
Pin l mt thit b lu tr nng lng di dng ho nng. Khi s dng, nng
lng ny s dn chuyn i thnh in nng
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Pin l ngun cung cp nng lng hot ng cho hu nh tt c cc thit b cm
tay hin nay v n c nhng u im nh, nh, cung cp in p n nh.
Cu to Pin bao gm hai vt liu dn in khc nhau nh ng, km, nhng vo
trong mt dung dch in phn nh mui, kim, Axit... Ta s c mt cp in
cc vi in p hai cc ph thuc vo cc vt liu to ra.
Cc thng s ca PIN
in p: L hiu in th gia 2 cc ca PIN, ty theo vt liu cu to s c
cc in p khc nhau
- Loi pin than-ch km khng sc c thng l 1.5V mi vin.
- Loi pin nickel (Ni-Cd), metal hydrid (Ni-MH) l 1.2V mi vin.
- Vi cc loi Pin nh Li-ion in p cho mi vin l 3,7V.
Dung lng Pin
Mi Cell Pin c kch thc khc nhau s c dung lng khc nhau chnh l
dng in cung cp ca mi Cell Pin. Dng in ca Pin c o bng n v
miliampe gi (mAh). Th d pin c dung lng 1000mAh tc l n c th cung
cp mt dng in 1000mA (1A) cho thit b s dng trong mt gi. Ch s ny
gip so snh kh nng cung cp ca cc loi pin theo thi gian. Pin c mAh
cng ln cng c kh nng cung cp trong mt khong thi gian cng lu.
Trong k thut, ch s ny ni ln ni tr ca Pin, Pin c s mAh cng ln, ni
tr cng nh. Pin c ni tr cng nh th kh nng chu ti cng cao, tc l pin
c th cung cp mt dng in cng ln. iu ny s rt c ch thit b ca
bn c ti nng
Ty theo yu cu ca thit b cn s dng c th mc ni tip hoc song song
hoc phi hp c hai to ra nhng khi Pin c in p v dung lng cn thit.
in p ca pin phi ph hp vi ch nh ca thit b. Dng pin khng ng in
p c th lm hng thit b ca bn.
Cu to Pin Laptop
Cu to ca Pin Laptop ch yu c hai phn:
Mch in: y l phn rt quan trng cha cc thng tin (ROM) gip cho
my tnh c th nhn dng chnh xc loi Pin ph hp. y cng l ni cha
cc mch bo v, mch sc cc cu ch v u gic tip xc vi my tnh. Cc
th h pin mi u c phn ROM ghi li trng thi thc ca pin nh ngy sn
xut, dung lng ti a; dung lng hin ti; s ln ti s dng... nhng
thng tin ny khng th thay i hay xa b (reset) nu khng ph b v pin.
Cc Cell: Ty tng loi m ta c 4 - 6 hoc 8 cells. Cc vin Pin dung lng
ln c th c 12 cell hoc hn na. Cc cell ph bin hin nay l cell trn, c
dung lng 2200mAh; 2400mAh; 2600mAh. Cell vung c dung lng nh hn
v thng dng trong cc my mng, nh nh IBM X30; Dell C400 .... Qu
trnh s dng pin s lm cho cc hot cht trong pin km dn i, hin tng
ny kh ging hin tng yu dn i ca Acquy xe my. V cui cng vic
khng th duy tr my tnh thi gian cn thit, chng ta cn thay th mt
vin pin mi.
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Hnh 10.4: Cu to Cell PIN laptop
Hnh 10.5: Cu to bn trong PIN laptop

S dng Pin Laptop:
i vi pin loi Ni-MH (Niken-Metal Hydride), ti u hiu sut th c vi thng
mt ln, cn thc hin vic x hon ton bng cch s dng cho n mc cn kit
(0%, thng thng my s t ng chuyn sang ch ng ng), ri cp ngun
in sc y (100%).
Tuy nhin, vi pin loi Li-ion (Lithium Ion) th khng nn x hon ton v pin c
th b ngn mch, lm gim tui th ca n v thm ch gy nguy him cho ngi
s dng.
2. Mch np Pin
S nguyn l mch np Pin Laptop
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Fuse
Q2
Q1
DC in
ACAVin
ACAVin
R1
ACin
Q3
L
ACAVin
R2
System
Load
Q4
IC Selector &
BATT Changer
CHG BAT
Q5
CHG BAT
Q8
Q6
Q7
BATT
ACAVin
Hnh 10.6: S mch np PIN laptop

Khi cp in p t adapter vo ng DC in, in p ny qua cu ch Fuse , Q1 v
cp in cho Q3 v Q4. ng thi in p DC in cng thng qua Q2 cp nng
lng cho cc thnh phn trn Mainboard Laptop
Q3, Q4 hot ng dn v ngt in theo tn hiu iu khin rng xung PWM t
IC np Pin to ra in p np Pin
in p ny thng qua Q5 v Q6 cung cp np in cho Pin laptop (BATT)
Mch hot ng 3 trng thi:
Cung cp nng lng Laptop hot ng v np Pin: Q1, Q2 dn cp in
DC in laptop hot ng. Q3, Q4 ng ngt to in p np Pin. Q5, Q6 dn
cp dng np cho Pin Laptop. Q7 ngng dn cch ly in p ngun DC in vi
in p np Pin
Cung cp nng lng Laptop hot ng v khng np Pin (Pin
c np y): Mch cng hot ng tng t nhng lc ny Q3, Q4, Q5,
Q6 khng hot ng.
Laptop hot ng t Pin v khng c in t Adapter vo ng DC in :
Mch cng hot ng tng t nhng Q7 dn in cp nng lng cho cc
thnh phn trn Mainboard, cn Q2 ngng dn.
Phn tch mch np Pin:
Phn tch mch np Pin s dng IC BQ24703
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Hnh 10.7: S nguyn l mch la chn ngun v np PIN laptop

Ngun cung cp t Adaptor:
Khi ngun DC in t Adaptor c cung cp vo Mainboard qua Jack DC in s c
chia 2 ng:
Mt ng cung cp cho Mosfet, Mosfet ny ng vai tr nh mt SW ng
m ngun cung cp t Jack DC in cho ton b h thng, Mosfet c iu
khin bi chn ACDRV ca IC iu khin changer PIN. Chn ny c mc thp,
ng thi chn ACSEL mc cao. in p ti chn ACDET c mc p cao hn
VACPRES
Mt ng s cung cp cho mch changer PIN np dng in p cho Pin
Ngun cung cp t PIN:
Khi khng c in p cung cp t Adaptor, mc in p ti ACDET bo v IC iu

khin Changer mc thp hn in p VACPRES bn trong IC, lc ti chn BATDRV
s iu khin Mosfet m ngun cung cp cho h thng t PIN. Chn BATDRV mc
thp, chn ACDRV mc cao iu khin tt Mosfet ng m ngun t jack ngun
DC in
S mch np Pin s dng IC MAX 1645
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ch ngun sa
c PIN Laptop
Hnh 10.8: S ma
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ch ngun sa
c PIN Laptop IBM
Hnh 10.9: S ma
3. Cc hin tng h hng v Pin Laptop v gii php khc phc
Cc hin tng thng hay h hng v PIN nh:
Thi gian s dng Pin b gim sau mt thi gian s dng
My khng hot ng vi ngun t Pin
My khng np c Pin

Thi gian s dng ngun t Pin b gim sau mt thi gian s dng thng l do cc
Cell Pin b chai. Pin Laptop thng h hng mt hay vi cell ch khng h cng mt
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lc cc cell. sa cha, c th kho lo tho hp pin, o cc thng s dng p tng
cell ri thay th tng ng. Cc bc thay kim tra v thay Cell pin Laptop:
Bc 1:
S dng dao nh g u theo cc ng rnh ca Pin tch ri hp Pin. Bn
trong hp Pin laptop s c cc Cell Pin, cm bin nhit v board mch iu khin
sc Pin. Gia board mch v Cell Pin c cc ng dy kt ni nh: B+, GND, VM,
VL. Cc Cell Pin c th kt ni song song hoc ni tip tng in p hoc dung
lng ca Pin
Hnh 10.10: Tho v PIN laptop

Bc 2:
Tho cc u dy kt ni t Pin ti board iu khin. Kim tra Pin v board iu
khin. o in p gia 2 u Cell Pin thng c in p 3.7-4.0 vDC, o kim tra
cc mosfet v cc linh kin trn board iu khin
Hnh 10.11: o kim tra Cell PIN laptop

Bc 3:
Thay cc linh kin h hng v cc Cell Pin b chai, khi thay cc Cell mi phi
cng loi c tnh k thut nh: vt liu cu to, in p, dung lng,... ng thi
s dng my np ROM hoc phn mm chuyn dng Reset chp ROM trn
board mch iu khin
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Hnh 10.12: Cc Cell PIN mc song song hoc ni tip
Hnh 10.13: Reset PIN laptop

Bc 4:
Cui cng l hn cc u dy ca cc Cell Pin vi board mch v ng np hp
Pin, dng keo dn theo cc ng rnh ca hp Pin.
Trng hp my khng hot ng vi ngun Pin hoc khng sc Pin l do h
hng mch np Pin v la chn ngun trn Mainboard Laptop.
Trnh t kim tra mch np Pin ca Mainboard
Kim tra cu ch v cc Mosfet mch to ngun sc Pin v Mosfet ngun sc

Pin
Hnh 10.14: Hnh dng v s chn Mosfet
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Loi 8 chn hot ng ngt m theo tn hiu PWM t IC sc Pin
Hnh 10.15: Mosfet 8 chn

Loi 6 chn ng ngt cc in p sc ti Pin laptop
Hnh 10.16: Mosfet 6 chn
Kim tra cc lnh iu khin sc Pin t IC sc Pin hoc IC qun l ngun trn
Mainboard
Hnh 10.17(a): S d chn IC ADP 3804
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Hnh 10.17: S chn IC MAX 1645
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Hnh 10.18: Bng m t chn IC MAX 1645
III.
MCH NGUN CP TRC

Khi Mainboard laptop c cp in t ngun DC in (Adapter) hoc t PIN, mch ngun
cp trc trn Mainboard s hot ng to ra in p 5v hoc 3.3v cung cp mt s linh
kin hot ng trng thi ch trc khi m Power on. Cc ngun ny thng c k
hiu l V-ALWAY
Cc loi mch ngun cp trc Mainboard laptop
S dng IC MIC 5236:
Hnh 10.19: S chn IC MIC 5236
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M t chc nng chn IC:
Chn 1 (ERR): Bo sai lch in p ng ra hoc nhn in p iu chnh thay i
in p ng ra
Chn 2 (IN): Nhn in p cung cp
Chn 3 (out): in p ng ra IC n nh
Chn 4 (EN): Nhn tn hiu iu khin tt m in p ng ra
Chn 5, 6, 7, 8: Ni t Mass
IC MIC 5236 n p c nh hoc iu chnh in p ng ra v c nhiu mc in
p ty thuc vo m s ghi trn linh kin
Hnh: S mch in p ra c nh
Hnh 10.20: S mch in p thay i
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S dng IC MAX 1615:
Hnh 10.21: S chn IC MAX 1615

M
t chn:
Chn 1 (IN): Nhn in p cung cp IC
Chn 3 (OUT): in p sau khi c n p
Chn 4 (5/3): Hi tip in p ng ra hoc la chn in p ra 5V hoc 3V
Chn 5 (SHDN): c ni vi ngun cp IC t kch hot

S dng IC MAX 8732A:
Hnh 10.23: S chn IC MAX 8734A

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M t chn:
Chn 1 (NC): Khng s dng
Chn 2 (PGOOD): Ng ra tn hiu Power Good. Chn ny mc thp khi mt trong 2
in p ng ra ca 3.3V v 5V mt hoc b gim in p thp hn 10% so vi in
p hot ng bnh thng
Chn 3 (ON3): Ng vo iu khin ngun 3.3V
Chn 4 (ON5): Ng vo iu khin ngun 5V
Chn 5 (ILIM3): Gii hn dng
Chn 6 (SHDN): Ng vo iu khin Shutdown. Chn ny kt ni vi ngun qua
in tr
Chn 7 (FB3): Ng vo nhn hi tip n nh ng ra 3.3V
Chn 8 (REF): Ng ra in p mu bn trong IC 2V
Chn 9 (FB5): Ng vo nhn hi tip n nh ng ra 5V
Chn 10 (PRO): Thit lp bo v qu p hoc gim p
Chn 11 (ILM5): Gii hn dng
Chn 12 (SKIP): Thit lp ch hot ng tn hiu dao ng bn trong IC
Chn 13 (TON): Thit lp tn s dao ng bn trong IC
Chn 14 (BST5): Khi ng khi to ngun 5v bn trong IC. Chn ny thng
c ni t v diode ty theo mch ng dng
Chn 15 (LX5): Chn cm bin dng 5V
Chn 16 (DH5): Chn iu khin cc Gate Mosfet ngun 5V
Chn 17 (VCC): Nhn in p ngun cp mch PWM bn trong IC
Chn 18 (LDO5): Ng ra in p 5V cp trc
Chn 19 (DL5): Chn iu khin cc Gate Mosfet ngun 5V
Chn 20 (V+): Nhn in p cp ngun mch LDO trong IC
Chn 21 (OUT5): Nhn cm bin in p 5V
Chn 22 (OUT3): Nhn cm bin in p 3.3V
Chn 24 (DL3): Chn iu khin cc Gate Mosfet ngun 3.3V
Chn 25 (LDO3): Ng ra in p 3.3V cp trc
Chn 26 (DH3): Chn iu khin cc Gate Mosfet ngun 3.3V
Chn 27 (LX3): Cm bin ng 3.3V
Chn 28 (BST3): Khi ng khi to ngun 3.3V bn trong IC
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Khi IC c cp in Vin t 7V n 24V, ti hai chn LDO3 c in p 3.3V v chn
LDO5 c in p 5V, hai in p ny cp trc cho cc thnh phn trn Mainboard
hot ng trong trng thi standby nh: IC khin, mng LAN,
Sau khi m Power on cc cp Mosfet N1, N2, N3, N4 hot ng v to ra in p 3.3V
v 5V l ngun cp sau cc thnh phn linh kin cn li trn Mainboard hot ng
IV.
MCH NGUN 3.3V V 5V

Trn Mainboard laptop thng s dng mch to ngun in p ng ra gim v c
iu khin bi tn hiu iu khin rng xung PWM. Mch bao gm 2 cp Mosfet ngt
m v mt IC to dao ng c rng xung thay i, ty theo tng dng v nh sn
xut laptop mch ngun ny c th s dng l ngun cp trc hoc mch hot ng to
ngun 3.3V v 5V sau khi m Power on.
KHOA S CP NGH
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F
DC in
Q3
L1
L2
Q1
5v
3.3v
IC iu
khin
PWM
Q2
V3ON
Q4
V5ON
Hnh 10.25: S mch nguyn l ngun 5V v 3.3V laptop

Gii thch nguyn l hot ng
IC iu khin rng xung: to xung dao ng PWM cp hai cp IC Q1, Q2 v Q3,
Q4. Ngoi ra IC ny cn nhn tn hiu iu khin tt m ngun t IC MICOM hoc IC
Super I/O
Cc cp Mosfet: Ngt m theo tn hiu iu khin rng to ra in p 5v v 3.3v
Cun dy v Diode: to thnh mch chnh lu tn hiu xung vung thnh in p mt
chiu DC
S mch cc IC to in p 3.3V v 5V
1. LTC 3728
Hnh 10.26: S mch n p 3.3v v 5v s dng IC LTC3728

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2. MAX 1632
Hnh 10.27: S mch n p 3.3v v 5v s dng IC MAX1632

V.
MCH NGUN CHIPSET V NGUN RAM

Mch ngun chipset v ngun RAM Mainboard laptop to ra cc in p 1.25V, 1.5V,
1.8V, 2.5V, V nguyn l hot ng tng t nh mch to ngun 3.3V v 5V, tuy
nhin in p to ra thp hn ph hp vi tng loi chipset v chng loi RAM
S cc mch ngun chipset Mainboard laptop
1. MAX 1715
Hnh 10.28: S chn IC Max 1715

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Hnh 10.29: S mch ngun chipset s dng IC Max 1715

2. IC SC1486
Hnh 10.30: S n p chipset SC1486

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3. IC MAX8743
Hnh 10.31: n p Max8743

VI.
MCH NGUN CPU

1. S mch nguyn l
F
DC in
Q1
L2
Q2
Q3
Q4
L1
D1
VID
EN
IC iu
khin
PWM
VCC-CPU
POWER GOOD
Q5
L2
Q6
Q7
Q8
L2
D2
Hnh 10.32: S nguyn l mch ngun CPU laptop

KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 129

Mch ngun CPU laptop nguyn l hot ng vn s dng IC iu khin rng xung
PWM v cc Mosfet ngt m. Tuy nhin s lng Mosfet nhiu hn tng dng cung
cp t mch to ngun.
Cc Mosfet s dng trong mch ngun n p CPU, chipset, RAM,..thng l Mosfet 8
chn, ty thuc vo cc s mch c th s dng Mosfet n hoc i. in p VDS
thp khong 20V n 30V DC, dng ID ln khong 10A n 14A
Cc m s thng dng nh: IRF 7811, FDS 4465, AO4468, IRF7413, FDS 6990,
Hnh 10.33: Mosfet 8 chn i
Hnh 10.34: Mosfet 8 chn n

2. Cc s mch ngun CPU laptop
S IC SC1476
Hnh 10.35: S nguyn l mch ngun CPU s dng IC SC1476

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IC SC1476 iu khin 2 pha bao gm 2 cp Mosfet knh N
IC nhn tn hiu iu khin ngun Power on/off, ngoi ra tn hiu VID (5:0) gm 6
ng t CPU hi tip v mch ngun iu chnh in p cp CPU.
IC MAX1718
Hnh 10.36: S nguyn l IC Max1718

IC Max 1993
Hnh 10.37: S Max 1993

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CU HI KIM TRA:
1. Hnh dng Mosfet thng s dng Mainboard laptop?
2. Phng php o kim tra Mosfet 8 chn?
3. PIN Li-On in p mi Cell bao nhiu Vol?
4. Nguyn l mch sc Pin laptop trn Mainboard laptop?
5. Nguyn l mch to in p cp trc?
6. Nguyn l mch to in p 5V v 3.3V?
7. Nguyn l hot ng mch chn ngun cung cp chnh trn Mainboard Laptop?
8. Cu to PIN laptop?
9. Phng php thay Cell PIN laptop?
10. V s mch ngun Mainboard laptop?
11. Trnh by trnh t m ngun Mainboard laptop?
12. M t chc nng chn IC MIC 5236?
13. M t chc nng chn IC MAX 1615?
KHOA S CP NGH
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BI 11: MN HNH LCD LAPTOP

Mc tiu
I.
Hiu bit v cu to mn hnh LCD laptop
Phng php to nh
Cc thnh phn ca mn hnh LCD
Phng php kim tra v sa cha s c mn hnh LCD
GII THIU MN HNH LCD

1. Nguyn tc hin th hnh nh
Mn hnh tinh th lng (liquid crystal display, LCD) l loi thit b hin th cu to bi
cc t bo im nh (Pixel) cha tinh th lng c kh nng thay i tnh phn cc ca
nh sng v do thay i cng nh sng truyn qua khi kt hp vi cc knh lc
phn cc. Chng c u im l phng, cho hnh nh sng, chn tht v tit kim nng
lng.
Mn hnh LCD Laptop l loi mn hnh loi ma trn transistor phin mng (thin film
transistor, TFT LCD) c thi gian p ng nhanh v cht lng hnh nh cao. Cc
im nh c iu khin c lp bi mt transistor v c nh du a ch phn
bit, khin trng thi ca tng im nh c th iu khin c lp, ng thi v trnh
c hin tng bng ma.
m ma u ma n hinh LCD
n i
Hnh 11.1: Ma tr
Hot ng bt tt c bn
Nu in cc ca mt im nh con khng c p mt in th, th phn tinh
th lng ni y khng b tc ng g c, nh sng sau khi truyn qua ch y
vn gi nguyn phng phn cc, v cui cng b chn li hon ton bi knh
lc phn cc th hai. im nh con ny lc b tt v i vi mt y l mt
im ti.
bt mt im nh con, cn t mt in th vo in cc ca n, lm thay
i s nh hng ca cc phn t tinh th lng ni y; kt qu l nh sng
KHOA S CP NGH
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sau khi truyn qua phn tinh th lng ch im nh con ny s b xoay
phng phn cc i, c th lt qua lp knh lc phn cc th hai, to ra mt
im mu trn tm knh trc
lo
i phng truyn anh sang
ng thay
Hnh 11.2: Tinh th
Hin th mu sc v s chuyn ng
Mu sc c to ra bi s phi mu pht x t ba loi im nh , lc v
lam.
Hnh nh hin ra trn tm knh trc l do s cm nhn tng th tt c cc
im nh, y mi im nh mang mt mu sc v sng nht nh, c
qui nh, theo quy tc phi mu pht x, bi mc snh ca ba im nh
con ca n (t l ca ba mu , lc v lam), tc c qui nh bi vic bt/tt
cc im nh con y.
lm iu ny, cng mt lc cc in th thch hp s c t vo cc
im nh con nm trn cng mt hng, ng thi phn mm trong my tnh
s ra lnh p in th vo nhng ct c cc im nh con cn bt.
mi thi im, cc im nh mt trng thi bt/tt nht nh - ng vi
mt nh trn mn hnh. Vic thay i trng thi bt/tt ca cc im nh to
ra mt hnh nh chuyn ng. iu ny c thc hin bng cch p in th
cho tng hng t hng ny n hng k tip (gi l s qut dc) v p in
th cho tng ct t ct ny n ct k tip (s qut ngang). Thng tin ca
mt nh ng t my tnh c chuyn thnh cc tn hiu qut dc v qut
ngang v ti to li hnh nh trn mn hnh.
2. S mn hnh LCD Laptop
Hnh 11.3: S kt ni mn hnh LCD vi Mainboard

KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 134

Video cable: Kt ni tn hiu hnh nh t Mainboard ti mn hnh ma trn im nh
LCD panel v cung cp in p, cc lnh iu khin ti bo mch to cao p inverter.
Dy cp ny thng c 3 u jack
Hnh 11.4: cc u dy cp tn hiu video

Inverter Board: y l board mch chuyn i in p 5V n 19V DC thnh cao p
xoay chiu cung cp n Backlight CCFL to nh sng cho mn hnh LCD laptop
Hnh 11.5: Board cao p laptop

CCFL Backlight: CCFL l n neon to nh sng cho mn hnh. Khi n hot ng s
c hnh nh sng trn mn hnh hin th cc hnh nh r nt, nu h hng mch to
cao p hoc h hng n CCFL mn hnh mt nh sng, nhng hnh nh trn ma trn
im nh vn hot ng bnh thng nn s c hnh nh rt m
Hnh 11.6: n cao p Laptop

3. Test mn hnh LCD Laptop
Test mn hnh LCD laptop l kim tra cc im nh trn LCD panel c cc im nh
m hoc im nh ny ch xut hin ch mt mu duy nht khng thay i thao tn
hiu hnh nh (im cht). y l hin tng thng gp trn cc mn hnh LCD cho
d mn hnh ny l mi hay c
kim tra mn hnh c im cht c th s dng cc phn mm test hoc
chuyn mn hnh nn Background ca Desktop sang mt mu kim tra
KHOA S CP NGH
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Hnh 11.7: iu chnh mn hnh mu en kim tra im cht

Cc phn mm h tr test mn hnh LCD: UDPixel, IsMyLcdOK,DPT,
Hnh 11.8: Giao din chng trnh UDPixel
Hnh 11.9: Giao din chng trnh DPT

KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 136

II.
MCH CAO P INVERTER

1. Mch nguyn l hot ng ca board cao p
FUSE
DC in
C2
Q1
EN
CCFL
DIMMING
IC Inverter
Q2
C1
SCP
FB
R1
R2
R3
Hnh 11.10: S nguyn l mch cao p

Mch bao gm cc thnh phn sau:
Khi Lamp: l n neon Backlight CCFL to nh sng Panel LCD
Khi switching: gm cc Transistor hoc Mosfet v bin th cao p. Khi ny c
nhim v to cao p cp cho n CCFL
Khi Dimming: iu khin IC Inverter iu chnh sng ca mn hnh thng
qua n Backlight
Khi ENABLED: Dng tt m hot ng ca IC Inverter
Khi Protect: Khi bo v bn trong IC Inverter
Khi bo v ngn mch : Bo v qu p khi b chm cc mosfet hoc transistor.
Khi Feedback : Hi tip iu khin dng in cung cp cho n Backlight
2. S mch cao p
Hnh 11.11: S cao p s dng IC OZ965

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Hnh 11.12: S cao p s dng IC OZ962
Hnh 11.13: Bng m t chn IC OZ 962

III.
PHNG PHP KIM TRA V SA CHA

1. Trnh t kim tra Pan panel LCD laptop
Kim tra mosfet

Mosfet s dng cho mch cao p thng 4 chn v c hnh dng v th t cc
chn nh sau:
KHOA S CP NGH
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Hnh 11.14: Mosfet 8 chn knh i
Bn trong bao gm 2 mosfet 1 knh N v 1 knh P, Mosfet ny c in p

VDS= 30v v dng ID= 3.9A
in p cung cp board cao p
Ty thuc vo dng laptop c in p cung cp board cao p khc nhau 5v hoc
19v, 20v DC
Tn hiu iu khin t Mainboard
Kim tra cc mc in p iu khin t Mainboard nh: in p tt m hot ng
ca IC inverter, in p iu chnh nh sng,..
2. Cc Pan h hng thng gp v gii php khc phc

Cc hin tng h hng thng gp trn mn hnh hin th laptop:
Laptop c hnh nh nh rt m
Laptop sc hnh theo chiu ngang hoc chiu dc
Mn hnh laptop chp sng sau tt nhng c hnh rt m
..
Hnh 11.15: Mn hnh laptop mt na hnh
KHOA S CP NGH
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Hnh 11.16: Mn hnh Laptop b ln sc ng

Nguyn nhn h l do h hng board cao p hoc h cc table kt ni gia mn hnh
Panel LCD v board qut tn hiu hnh nh
Nhng li thng gp trong board cao p inverter:
Chm hoc t cun dy cao p
Chm cc transistor hoc mosfet ko y
t cc cu ch cp ngun cao p
Li cc t xut v t dp xung
Chm hoc t bng cao p
Cc IC Inverter thng t khi h hng.
Cc gii php khi sa cha:
Sa cha board cao p
Thay th board mi
board cao p khc
Thay mn hnh Panel LCD
p table

CU HI KIM TRA:
1. Trnh by phng php to nh ca mn hnh LCD?
2. Lit k cc thnh phn trn mn hnh LCD laptop?
3. Gii thch nguyn l hot ng board cao p?
4. Phng php o kim tra h hng trn board cao p?
5. Phng php kim tra im cht mn hnh LCD laptop?
6. Hy nu cc hin tng h hng thng gp ca mn hnh LCD laptop?
7. Cho bit gii php sa cha mn hnh LCD b sc hnh do h Table ca mn hnh?
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 140
BI 12: PASSWORD BIOS

Mc tiu
I.
Hiu bit v password BIOS trn my tnh
C kh nng reset password BIOS trn my Laptop cc hiu TOSHIBA, ACER,.
KHI NIM PASSWORD CMOS BIOS

1. Password BIOS
Ci t password BIOS l mt trong cc bin php hu hiu bo mt my tnh. Khi
s dng ngi dng thng thit lp ch bo mt trong BIOS nhm ngn chn s
can thip ca ngi khng c php s dng trn my tnh ca mnh, tuy nhin c
i lc chnh ngi s dng cng qun m s password do chnh mnh thit lp v
cng khng th ng nhp vo chnh my ca mnh khi va bt u khi ng. Nh
vy, cn phi reset password BIOS tr v trng thi mc nh ca nh sn xut
my tnh c th khi ng m khng cn n m password.
2. Cc phng php Reset password BIOS
Cc gii php reset password BIOS:
Reset Password BIOS CMOS da vo mt khu mc nh (cn gi l
Backdoor BIOS Password):
i vi loi Award BIOS th ta c th nhp vo cc password mc nh sau
password t trc :
AWARD SW
AWARD_SW
Award SW
AWARD PW
_award
Awkward
J64, j256, j262, j332, j322
01322222, 589589, 589721, 595595, 598598
HLT, SER, SKY_FOX, aLLy, aLLY, Condo, CONCAT, TTPTHA, aPAf, HLT,
KDD, ZBAAACA, ZAAADA, ZJAAADC, djonet.
i vi loi Ami BIOS th dng:
AMI, A.M.I., AMI SW, AMI_SW, BIOS, PASSWORD, HEWITT RAND, Oder.
Mt s password dng chung cho Ami, Award v mt s BIOS khc c th th
nh:
LKWPETER, lkwpeter, BIOSTAR, biostar, BIOSSTAR, biosstar, ALFAROME,
Syxz, Wodj.
i vi Laptop:
ACER/IBM BIOS
AMI BIOS
AMI WinBIOS 2.5
Award 4.5x/4.6x/6.0
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 141

Compaq (1992)
Compaq (New version)
IBM (PS/2, Activa, Thinkpad)
Packard Bell
Phoenix 1.00.09.AC0 (1994), a486 1.03, 1.04, 1.10 A03, 4.05 rev 1.02.943,
4.06 rev 1.13.1107
Phoenix 4 release 6 (User)
Gateway Solo - Phoenix 4.0 release 6
Toshiba
Nhng thc ra phng php ny cng khng hiu qu lm v ngoi nhng nhn
hiu Award, Ami th cn hng chc nhn hiu BIOS khc m hu nh ta khng
th bit c cc Password mc nh l g
Reset Passwrod BIOS CMOS da vo phn mm.

Vo a ch http://www.cgsecurity.org/cmospwd-4.8.zip ti v cng c mang
tn Cmos Password Recovery Tools 4.8
Gii nn file ny -> Tm n th mc Windows -> Kch hot file cmospwd_win.exe
file ny t ng xa i b nh BIOS hin ti.
Nu may mn th ln khi ng sau s khng password BIOS na. chc n,
bn nn vo th mc DOS v kch hot file cmospwd.exe th li mt ln na.
Reset Password BIOS CMOS da vo phn cng.
y l thao tc tc ng vo phn cng xa hon ton b nh BIOS c xem
l hiu qu nht:
Tho PIN CMOS reset BIOS tr v mc nh ca nh sn xut, lc ny
password khng c thit lp.
Jumper Clear CMOS
Theo s hng dn ca nh sn xut.
Reset Password BIOS CMOS da vo cch gii quyt ca nh sn xut.
y l phng php ring ca tng nh sn xut.
II.
PHNG PHP RESET PASSWORD MT S DNG LAPTOP

1. Laptop ACER dng Travelmate
Cc
B1.
B2.
B3.
bc thc hin:
Tho kt ni ngun adapter v PIN laptop
Tho bn phm
Ti khong gia chp cu nam v jack kt ni bn phm c 4 dip switches
Hnh 12.1: V tr Dip Switches

B4.
Chnh switch 1 ln
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 142

B5.
B6.
B7.
B8.
Khi ng Laptop v nhn Ctrl + F2 cng lc khi khi ng s vo c BIOS

Thit lp Password BIOS v ch Disabled v nhn Enter
My s hi c mun lu li v thot, nhn Enter
Nu my khi ng li khng cn hi password BIOS th tip theo bc 9, cn
nu my vn cn password th quay li bc 1 n bc 8
B9. Tr li Mainboard ko switch v v tr c
B10. Khi ng li laptop
2. Laptop Toshiba
To Tool ph password BIOS TOSHIBA:
Cng c cn l cng kt ni my in 25 chn v kt ni cc chn vi nhau nh sau:
Pins: 1-5-10, 2-11, 3-17, 4-12, 6-16, 7-13, 8-14, 9-15, and 18-25
Sau lp Tool ny vo cng my in v khi ng laptop s c reset password
Hnh 12.2: Tool Reset Password BIOS Toshiba

Mt s dng laptop TOSHIBA:
Satellite P100 & Satellite Pro P100
Tt ngun my tnh Laptop
M np v tho card Wifi ra
Tm v Jump ni tt JP8 khong 5 giy
Tho Jump ngn mch v m ngun
My khng khi ng
Nhn v gia phm m ngun tt my
M ngun li, lc ny Password s c xa
Satellite L10, L20, L30 & Satellite Pro L20
Tt my tnh Laptop
M card Wifi
Tm v Jump ni tt JP1 khong 15 giy (Satellite L10)
Satellite L20/Pro L20 ngn mch G1
Satellite M100 & Tecra A6
Tt my tnh Laptop
M np y v tho card Wifi ra
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 143

G tm cch in mu en
Tm v ngt mch CMOS CLR1 khong 15 giy
Password HDD
Fujitsu
4200 rpm models:

FUJITSU MHC2020AT (2,1 GB)
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
MHN2050AT
MHN2075AT
MHN2100AT
MHN2200AT
MHN2300AT
(5,0 GB)
(7,5 GB)
(10,0 GB)
(20,0 GB)
(30,0 GB)
FUJITSU MHK2032AT (3,2 GB)

FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
MHR2010AT
MHR2020AT
MHR2030AT
MHR2040AT
(10,0 GB)
(20,0 GB)
(30,0 GB)
(40,0 GB)
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
MHK2030AT
MHK2060AT
MHK2090AT
MHK2120AT
(3,0 GB)
(6,0 GB)
(9,0 GB)
(12,0 GB)
FUJITSU MHS2020AT
FUJITSU MHS2030AT
FUJITSU MHS2040AT
FUJITSU MHS2060AT
(20,0
(30,0
(40,0
(60,0
GB)
GB)
GB)
GB)
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
MHM2050AT
MHM2100AT
MHM2150AT
MHM2200AT
(5,0 GB)
(10,0 GB)
(15,0 GB)
(20,0 GB)
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
FUJITSU
(20,0
(30,0
(40,0
(60,0
(80,0
GB)
GB)
GB)
GB)
GB)
FUJITSU MHF2021AT (2,1 GB)

FUJITSU MHF2043AT (4,3 GB)
Toshiba
TOSHIBA MK6409MAV (6 GB)
TOSHIBA MK1011GAV (10 GB)
TOSHIBA MK1814GAV (18 GB)
MHT2020AT
MHT2030AT
MHT2040AT
MHT2060AT
MHT2080AT
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
MK1214GAP (12 GB)

MK1016GAP (10 GB)
MK1517GAP (15 GB)
MK2016GAP (20 GB)
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
MK2017GAP (20 GB)

MK2018GAP (20 GB)
MK3017GAP (30 GB)
MK4018GAP (40 GB)
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
MK3018GAS
MK3021GAS
MK4018GAS
MK4021GAS
MK4025GAS
MK6021GAS
MK8025GAS
MK1031GAS
(30 GB)
(30 GB)
(40 GB)
(40 GB)
(40 GB)
(60 GB)
(80 GB)
(100 GB)
MK3019GAX (30 GB)

MK4019GAX (40 GB)
MK4026GAX (40 GB)
MK6022GAX (60 GB)
Western Digital
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 144

WD Raptor
WD740GD
WD360GD
WD Caviar SE
WD2500JS
WD2000JS
WD Caviar RE2
WD4000YR
WD1600JS
WD1200JS
WD3200JD
WD3000JD
WD Caviar RE SATA
WD3200SD
WD2500SD
WD1600SD
WD1200SD
WD Caviar RE IDE
WD3200SB
WD2500SB
WD1600SB
WD1200SB
WD Caviar SE 16
WD2500KS
WD4000KD
Maxtor
DiamondMax 10
6B080M0
6B080P0
6B120M0
6B120P0
6B160M0
6B160P0
6B200M0
6B200P0
6B200R0
6B200S0
6B250S0
6B300P0
6B300S0
6L100P0
6L120M0
6L120P0
6L160M0
KHOA S CP NGH
WD2500JD
WD2000JD
WD1600JD
WD1200JD
WD800JD
WD400JD
WD3200JB
WD3000JB
WD2500JB
WD2000JB
WD1600JB
WD1200JB
WD800JB
WD400JB
WD Caviar
(legacy)
WD1800JB
WD1000JB
WD600JB
WD Caviar
(mainstream)
WD800BD
WD400BD
WD2500BB
WD2000BB
WD1600BB
WD1200BB
WD800BB
WD400BB
WD200BB
WD1000BB
WD600BB
WD300BB
WD1600AB
WD1200AB
WD1000AB
WD800AB
WD600AB
WD400AB
WD300AB
WD200AB
WD800EB
WD600EB
WD400EB
WD300EB
WD200EB
DiamondMax 60 ATA 66
91023U2
91536U2
92049U3
92305U3
93073U4
94610U6
96147U8
91023H2
91536H2
92049H3
92305H3
93073H4
94610H6
96147H8
DiamondMax 8s
Trang 145

6L200M0
6L200P0
6L200R0
6L200S0
6L250R0
6L250S0
6L300R0
6L300S0
"M" in model number means SATA
with 8MB buffer
"S" in model number means SATA
with 16MB buffer
DiamondMax 11
6H400F0
6H400R0
6H500F0
6H500R0
DiamondMax 16
4A160J0
4R060J0
4R060L0
4R080J0
4R080L0
4R120L0
4R160L0
DiamondMax 17 VL Ultra ATA 66
90431U1
90641U2
90871U2
91301U3
91741U4
DiamondMax 1750 Ultra ATA 33
81280D2
81620D2
81750D2
82100D3
82560D3
82561D3
82625D4
KHOA S CP NGH
6E040T0
DiamondMax D540X-4D
4D020H1
4D040H2
4D060H3
4D080H4
DiamondMax D540X-4G
4G120J6
4G160J6
DiamondMax Plus 40 Ultra ATA 100
51024H2
51369H3
51536H3
52049H4
52732H6
53073H6
54098H8
51024U2
51369U3
51536U3
52049U4
52732U6
53073U6
54098U8
51023H2
51369H2
51536H2
52049H3
53073H4
54098H6
54610H6
90512D2
90680D3
90750D3
90913D4
Trang 146

83240D4
83500D4
84320D5
85250D6
85400D5
86480D8
87000D8
DiamondMax 1750A Ultra ATA
81620A2
81750A2
82100A3
82560A3
82561A3
82625A4
83240A4
83500A4
84320A5
85250A6
85400A5
86480A8
87000A8
90651U2
90841U2
91021U2
91361U3
91531U3
91731U4
92041U4
92561U5
93071U6
94091U8
30510H1
30680H1
30768H1
30840H2
31024H2
31369H2
31536H2
32305H3
KHOA S CP NGH
91024D4
91360D6
91536D6
91792D7
92048D8
90512D2
90680D3
90750D3
90913D4
91024D4
91360D6
91536D6
91792D7
92048D8
5T010H1
5T020H2
5T030H3
5T040H4
5T060H6
90683U2
90845U3
91024U3
91366U4
91707U5
92049U6
92390U7
92732U8
DiamondMax Plus 8
6E020L0
6E030L0
6E040L0
DiamondMax Plus 9
6Y060L0
6Y060M0
6Y080L0
6Y080M0
Trang 147

33073H4
34610H6
36147H8
30840U2
31024U2
31536U2
32305U3
33073U4
39768U2
90435U1
90845U2
90913U2
91369U3
91826U4
92739U6
93652U8
90684U2
91024U2
91362U3
91536U3
92049U4
92562U5
93073U6
94098U8
31024H1
31535H2
32049H2
33073H3
34098H4
DiamondMax 536DX
4W030H2
4W040H3
4W060H4
4W080H6
4W100H6
KHOA S CP NGH
6Y080P0
6Y120L0
6Y120M0
6Y120P0
6Y160L0
6Y160M0
6Y160P0
6Y200L0
6Y200M0
6Y200P0
6Y250L0
6Y250M0
6Y250P0
Fireball 3
2F020J0
2F020L0
2F030J0
2F030L0
2F040J0
2F040L0
Fireball 531DX Ultra ATA 100
2R010H1
2R015H1
Fireball 541DX
2B004H1
2B006H1
2B008H1
2B010H1
2B015H1
2B020H1
MaXLine Pro 500
7H500F0
7H500R0
MaXLine Plus II
7Y250M0
7Y250P0
MaXLine III
7B250R0
Trang 148

82561D3
91023H2
91536H2
92049H3
92305H3
93073H4
94610H6
96147H8
7B250S0
7B300R0
7B300S0
MaXLine II
5A250J0
5A300J0
5A320J0
Seagate
Barracuda 7200.9
ST3500641AS
ST3300622AS
ST3250824AS
ST3200827AS
ST3160812AS
ST3120813AS
ST3808110AS
ST3500641A
ST3400633A
ST3300622A
ST3250824A
ST3200827A
ST3160212A
ST3160812A
ST3120213A
ST3120814A
ST3802110A
ST3402111A
Barracuda 7200.8
ST3400832AS
ST3300831AS
ST3250823AS
ST3200826AS
ST3400832A
ST3300831A
ST3250823A
Barracuda 7200.7
ST3120022A
KHOA S CP NGH
Barracuda 5400.1
ST320015A
ST340015A
Barracuda ATA V
ST3120023A
ST3120023AS
ST3120024A
ST330013A
ST340017A
ST360015A
ST360015AS
ST380023A
ST380023AS
ST380024A
Barracuda ATA IV
ST315313A
ST320011A
ST330011A
ST340016A
ST360021A
ST380021A
Barracuda ATA III
ST310215A
ST315310A
ST320414A
ST330620A
ST340824A
U9
ST3120025A
ST3160022A
ST380012A
U7
ST3120020A
ST330012A
ST340012A
ST360012A
ST380022A
UX
ST310014ACE
ST320014A
U6
ST320410A
ST330610A
ST340810A
ST360020A
ST380020A
U5
ST310211A
ST315311A
ST320413A
ST330621A
ST340823A
U10
Trang 149

ST3120022AS
ST3120026A
ST3120026AS
ST3120827AS
ST3160021A
ST3160021AS
ST3160023A
ST3160023AS
ST3160827AS
ST3200822A
ST3200822AS
ST340014A
ST340014AS
ST340111AS
ST360014A
ST380011A
ST380011AS
ST380013A
ST380013AS
ST380817AS
Samsung
SpinPoint T Series
T133 Series PATA/8MB
HD300LD
HD400LD
T133 Series SATA
3.0Gb/s
HD300LJ
HD400LJ
SpinPoint M Series
M60 Series PATA/8MB
HM040HC
HM060HC
HM080IC
HM100JC
HM120JC
M60 Series SATA
1.5Gb/s(3.0Gb/s)
KHOA S CP NGH
Barracuda ATA II
ST310210A
ST310216A
ST315320A
ST315324A
ST320420A
ST320424A
ST330630A
ST330631A
ST310212A
ST315323A
ST320423A
Barracuda ATA
ST310220A
ST313620A
ST320430A
ST327240A
ST328040A
ST36810A
U4
ST32112A
ST34311A
ST36421A
ST38421A
P80 Series PATA

SP0211N
SP0401N
SP0612N
SP0802N
SP0812N
SP1203N
SP1213N
SP1604N
SP1614N
P80 Series SATA
1.5Gb/s
SP0812C
SP1213C
SP1614C
P80 Series SATA
3.0Gb/s
HD080HJ
U8
ST313021A
ST317221A
ST34313A
ST38410A
V60 Series
SV1204H
SV0813H
SV0823H
SV0602H
SV0412H
SV0301H
SV0221H
V30 Series
SV6004H
SV4003H
SV3002H
SV2002H
SV0802H
Legacy products
SV8004H
SV6003H
Trang 150

HM060HI
HM080II
HM100JI
HM120JI
HD120IJ
HD160JJ
SV6004H
SV4084H
SV4084D
SpinPoint V Series
SV4002H
V80 Series
SP4004H
M40 Series
SV0211N
SV4003H
MP0302H
SV0401N
SV3064D
MP0402H
SV0612N
SV3063H
MP0603H
SV0802N
SV3063D
MP0804H
SV1203N
SP3003H
SV1604N
SV3002H
SpinPoint P Series
SV2046D
P120 Series PATA/8MB
VL40P Series - Light SV2043D
SP2014N
and Slim
SV2044D
SP2514N
SV0221N
SV2042H
SV0411N
SV2042D
P120 Series SATA 3.0Gb/s SV0211H
SV2001H
SP2004C
SV0311H
SP2002H
SP2504C
SV0401H
SV2002H
PL40 Series SATA
SP0411C
CU HI KIM TRA:
1. Hy nu cc phng php Reset Password BIOS?
2. Cho bit s khc nhau Password BIOS ca my tnh Laptop v Desktop?
3. Phng php Reset Password mt s dng my Laptop Toshiba?
4. Phng php Reset Password mt s dng my Laptop Acer?
5. Phng php np ROM BIOS Password User trn Laptop DELL?
KHOA S CP NGH
Trang 151

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GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

BI 1: TNG QUAN LAPTOP

Hiu bit tng qut v Laptop

Nhn din cc thnh phn trn Laptop

I. TNG QUAN LAPTOP

Hnh 1.1: My tnh Laptop

Hnh 1.2: Socket v CPU laptop

B x l c thit k ring vi s ch trng vo hiu nng v tit kim nng

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.3: Mainboard laptop

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.4: RAM laptop

Hnh 1.5: HDD 2.5 laptop

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.6: Chp cu Bc Nvidia

Cc my tnh xch tay cao cp, b x l ha c th c tch ri v gn

Hnh 1.7: Card VGA laptop

Hnh 1.8: Mn hnh LCD laptop

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.9: B ngun laptop

Hnh 1.10: Card PCMCIA

Hnh 1.11: Card Wireless chun Slot Mini PCI

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.12: Card Wireless chun Slot Mini PCIe

Kt ni mng hu tuyn LAN: RJ-45 tc cao (10,100,1000 Mbps)

Hnh 1.13: Jack kt ni mng RJ11 v RJ45

Hnh 1.14: Bn phm v chut cm ng laptop

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.15: Cc jack cm m thanh laptop

Hnh 1.16: PIN laptop

Vi mc ch khng s dng ngun in dn dng trong qu trnh lm vic khi

2. Cc khe cm trn my tnh xch tay

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.17: Cc khe cm v thit b trn laptop

Hnh 1.18: Khe cm VGA

C th dng khe cm ny a tn hiu hnh nh ca laptop ra my chiu, mn

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.19: Khe cm S-Video

Hnh 1.20: Khe HDMI

Hnh 1.21: Khe cm USB

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.22: Cc cng giao tip laptop

Hnh 1.23: Khe cm RJ45

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.24: Khe cm IEEE 1394

Hnh 1.25: Khe m rng PCMCIA

Cng c dng khe nhng rng v su hn so vi khe cm th nh. Hn na, n

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.26: Cc th h cng ngh centrino

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.27: Cc chun cng ngh Centrino

Hnh 1.28: Dng c tho lp Laptop

Hnh 1.29: dng c tho lp laptop

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.30: B ngun laptop

Hnh 1.31: Tho pin laptop

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Tho 2 c, rt dy kt ni bn phm vi Mainboard v ly bn phm ln

Hnh 1.34: Tho dy kt ni bn phm

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP

Hnh 1.35: Tho cp video

Hnh 1.36: Tho cc c vt gi mn hnh

GIO TRNH SA CHA MAINBOARD PC & LAPTOP