S GD&T VNH PHC

THI CHNH THC

THI CHN HC SINH GII LP 12 THPT

Nm hc 2014 2015
MN: HA HC
(Thi gian 180 pht, khng k thi gian pht )
thi gm 10 cu, trong 02 trang.

Cu 1 (1 im):
Trnh by phng php tch cc cht sau ra khi hn hp: Anilin, Phenol v Benzen.
Cu 2 (1 im):
2.1. Hon thnh cc phng trnh ha hc sau:
a. Dung dch BaCl2 + dung dch NaHSO4 (t l mol 1:1)
b. Dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 + dung dch KHSO4 (t l mol 1:1)
c. Dung dch Ca(H2PO4)2 + dung dch KOH (t l mol 1:1)
d. Dung dch Ca(OH)2 + dung dch NaHCO3 (t l mol 1:1)
2.2.
Cho cc dung dch c cng nng mol l 0,1M: C 6H5ONa, CH3COONa, CH3NH3Cl,
(CH3)2NH2Cl, C6H5NH3Cl. Sp xp theo chiu tng gi tr pH ca cc dung dch v gii thch.
Cu 3 (1 im):
Ha tan hon ton 4,8 gam kim loi M vo dung dch axit HNO3 d, thu c dung dch A. Chia
A thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi NaOH d c kt ta B. Nung B n khi lng khng i thu c 4,0
gam oxit kim loi.
- Phn 2: C cn iu kin thch hp thu c 25,6 gam mt mui X duy nht.
Xc nh kim loi M v mui X, bit M ch c mt ha tr duy nht.
Cu 4 (1 im):
Hai cht X, Y (n chc mch h, u cha C, H, O v u c 53,33% Oxi v khi lng). Bit
MX> MY v X, Yu tan c trong nc. Nhit si ca X l 118oC, ca Y l 19oC. Xc nh X, Y v
vit phng trnh phn ng theo s sau:
(2) X
(3) Y (4) X
(5) X
(6) X
(7) X
(8) X
X (1) X

1
2
3
4
5
6
Bit X6 l hp cht hu c cha 4 nguyn t v c lin kt ion.
Cu 5 (1 im):
5.1. Thy phn ht 1 lng pentapeptit X trong mi trng axit thu c 32,88 gam AlaGlyAlaGly;
10,85 gam AlaGlyAla; 16,24 gam AlaGlyGly; 26,28 gam AlaGly; 8,9 gam Alanin cn li l
GlyGly v Glyxin. T l s mol GlyGly:Gly l 10:1. Tnh tng khi lng GlyGly v Glyxin
5.2. un nng hn hp gm 13,68 gam saccaroz v 6,84 gam mantoz vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu
c dung dch X (hiu sut phn ng thu phn mi cht u l 60%). Trung ha dung dch X bng
dung dch kim, ri thm lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 v un nng, sau phn ng hon ton thu
c m gam Ag. Tm gi tr ca m.
Cu 6 (1 im):
Ha tan ht 10,24 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe 3O4 bng dung dch cha 0,1 mol H 2SO4 v 0,5 mol
HNO3, thu c dung dch Y v hn hp gm 0,1 mol NO v a mol NO 2 (khng cn sn phm kh no
khc). Chia dung dch Y thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c 5,35 gam mt cht kt ta
- Phn 2: Tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thu c m gam kt ta.
Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
1. Xc nh gi tr ca m v a.
2. Tnh khi lng cht tan c trong dung dch Y.
Cu 7 (1 im):
Chia 17 gam hn hp gm hai anehit n chc (trong c mt andehit mch cacbon phn
nhnh) thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 43,2 gam Ag.
- Phn 2: t chy hon ton thu c 10,08 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 gam H2O.
Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT v gi tn hai anehit trn.
Cu 8 (1 im):

Hp cht A c to thnh t cation X+ va anion Y-. Phn t A cha 9 nguyn t, gm 3 nguyn t

phi kim. T l s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t l 2:3:4. Tng s proton trong A l 42 v trong ion
Y- cha 2 nguyn t cng chu k, thuc hai phn nhm chnh lin tip.
Xc nh cng thc phn t v gi tn A.
Cu 9 (1 im):
Lm bay hi mt cht hu c A (cha cc nguyn t C, H, O), c mt cht hi c t khi hi
i vi metan bng 13,5. Ly 10,8 gam cht A v 19,2 gam O2(d) cho vo bnh kn, dung tch 25,6 lt
o
(khng i). t chy hon ton A, sau gi nhit bnh 163,8 C th p sut trong bnh bng
1,26 atm. Ly ton b hn hp sau phn ng chy cho qua 160 gam dung dch NaOH 15% sau khi
phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch B cha 41,1 gam hn hp hai mui.
Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to ca A. (Bit rng khi cho A tc dng vi kim to
ra 1 ancol v 3 mui).
Cu 10 (1 im):
Trong thin nhin KCl c trong qung xinvinit (KCl.NaCl). Cho bit tan ca NaCl v KCl
nhit khc nhau nh sau:
Nhit
00C
200C
300C
700C
1000C
tan ca NaCl (g/100 g H2O)
35,6
35,8
36,7
37,5
39,1
tan ca KCl (g/100 g H2O)
28,5
34,7
42,8
48,3
56,6
Da vo tan ca NaCl v KCl, hy ngh mt phng php tch ly ti thiu 10,0 gam KCl v 10,0
NaCl gam tinh khit ra khi 100,0 gam qung xinvinit.
--------------------------HT-------------------------(Th sinh c php s dng bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc)
H v tn th sinh :....................................................... S bo danh .........................................................
H v tn, ch k:

Gim th 1:..............................................................................................................
Gim th 2:..............................................................................................................

S GD&T VNH PHC

Cu
1
(1 im)

2
(1 im)

HDC THI CHN HSG LP 12 THPT

Nm hc 2014 2015
MN: HA HC
(hng dn chm gm 5 trang)

p n
Cho hn hp vo dung dch HCl d c hn hp lng phn lp. Trong
c mt lp cha C6H5NH3Cl, HCl, nc(hh1) d lp cn li cha Benzen v
phenol(hh2) dng phu chit tch ring thnh 2 phn khc nhau.
C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3Cl
Cho hh 1 phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c hn hp phn lp.
Trong mt lp cha C6H5NH2 v lp cn li cha NaCl, NaOH d, H2O
ta dng phu chit tch ring c anilin.
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
C6H5NH3Cl + NaOH C6H5NH2 + NaCl + H2O
Cho hh 2 phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c hn hp lng phn
lp. Trong c mt lp cha Benzen, lp cn li cha C6H5ONa v
NaOH(hh 3) d ta dng phu chit tch ring c Benzen.
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O

im
0,25

0,25

0,25

Cho tip hh 3 phn ng vi HCl d c hn hp cha C6H5OH v NaCl,

HCl d. Tch ring c Phenol.
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
C6H5ONa + HCl C6H5OH + NaCl
1 im.
BaCl2+ NaHSO4 BaSO4 + NaCl + HCl

0,25

Ba(HCO3)2 + KHSO4 BaSO4 + KHCO3 + CO2 + H2O

0,5

Ca(H2PO4)2 + KOH CaHPO4 + KH2PO4 + H2O

Ca(OH)2 + NaHCO3 CaCO3 + NaOH + H2O

3
(1 im)

Gi tr tng dn pH ca cc dung dch

C6H5NH3Cl , CH3NH3Cl, (CH3)2NH2Cl, CH3COONa , C6H5ONa
0,25
Gii thch: mui ca axit cng yu th anion sinh ra t axit c tnh bazo
0,25
cng mnh v ngc li
1. (1 im.)
Gi ha tr ca kim loi l n (1,2,3) , khi lng mol l M (g)
Phn 1: ta c s : 2 M M 2On
0,5
1
4
1

M 12n Vy M l Mg
Ta c: nM 2On nM
2
2 M 16n 2.M
mcht rn =25,6 gam > mMg ( NO3 )2 0,1.148 14,8 gam

0,25

Mui thu c l mui ngm nc c CTPT l Mg ( NO3 ) 2 .nH 2O

25, 6
256 n 6
0,1
Vy mui X c CTPT l Mg ( NO3 )2 .6 H 2O
Ta c: 148 18.n

0,25

Cu
4
(1 im)

p n
im
Do X, Y u c %O nh nhau nn chng c cng cng thc n gin nht.
t cng thc chung ca X : CxHyOz
%O = 100 = 53,33
12x + y = 14z z=1 ; x = 1 v y = 2
CTGN l CH2O.
0,5
V X v Y u n chc nn c 1 hoc 2 nguyn t oxi.
Ngoi ra, MX> MY nn X c 2 nguyn t oxi v Y c 1 nguyn t oxi.
CTPT ca X : C2H4O2
Vy CTCT X : CH3-COOH (v tan trong nc v c nhit si l 118oC).
CTPT Y : CH2O.
V CTCT Y : HCHO (cu to duy nht)
Cc phng trnh phn ng chuyn ha:
CH3-COOH + NaOH CH3-COONa + H2O
o
CH3-COONa + NaOH CaO, t
CH4 + Na2CO3
xt, t o
CH4 + O2
H-CHO + H2O
6HCHO C6H12O6
C6H12O6 2CH3-CH2OH + 2CO2
o
CH3-CH2-OH + CuO
CH3-CHO + Cu + H2O
t
o
CH3-CHO+2AgNO3+3NH3+H2O
CH3COONH4+2Ag+2NH4NO3
t
CH3COONH4+ HCl CH3-COOH + NH4Cl

5
(1 im)

1.
Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly : 0,12 mol
Ala-Gly-Ala
: 0,05 mol
Ala-Gly-Gly
: 0,08 mol
Ala-Gly
: 0,18 mol
Ala
: 0,1 mol
Gly-Gly
: 10x
Gly
:x
penta peptit c dng : Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly : a mol
Bo ton ta c: 2a = 2.0,12+ 2.0,05 + 0,08 + 0,18 + 0,1
a = 0,35 (mol)
3a = 2.0,12 + 0,05+ 2.0,08 + 0,18 + 21x
x = 0,02 (mol)
Tng khi lng Gly-Gly v Gly l ; 10. 0,02.132 + 0,02.75 = 27,9 (gam)
2.
13, 68
6,84
0, 04 mol ;
0, 02 mol .
nsaccaroz =
nmantoz =
342
342
C12H22O11
C6H12O
6
C12H22O11

H2O/ H
AgNO3 / NH3
AgNO3 / NH3

2C6H12O6
2Ag
2Ag

mAg (0,04.0,6.2.2 0,02.0,6.2.2 0,02.0,4.2).108 17,28gam

0,5

0,25

0,25
0,5

Cu

6
(1 im)

p n
1.
+ Chng minh H+ d
Lng KOH cn dng to kt ta ln nht khi phn ng to Fe(OH)3
Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3
nKOH 3.nFe (OH )3 3.0,5 0,15mol nKOH bd 0, 2mol phi c H+ d
H+ d trong dung dch Y : (0,50,4-5,35 :1073)2=0,1 mol
+ Chng minh NO3- d:

Gi s NO3 ht khi ta c cc bn phn ng

2H+ + O2- H2O
NO3 + 4H+ + 3e NO + 2H2O
0,1
0,4
0,1

+
NO3 +
2H + e NO2 + H2O
0,5 -0,1
0,8
nH 0, 4 0,8 1, 2mol V l

im
0,25

0,25

Vy dung dch sau phn ng cha H+, Fe3+, SO42- v NO3

Gi x,y ln lt l s mol Fe, Fe3O4 trong hn hp X
Bo ton e : 3x+y=0,3+a
Khi lng hn hp : 56x+232y=10,24
Bo ton in tch : 3x+9y = 0,5-0,1-a + 0,2-0,1
=>x=0,1 ; y=0,02 v a=0,02
m=(0,1+0,023) :2107+0,1 :2233=20,21
2.
Khi lng cht tan c trong dung dch Y l:
m mFe3 mNO mSO2 mH 42, 22 gam
3

0,25

Khi lng mi phn l: 8,5 gam

- t chy phn 2:
mO = 8,5 0,45.12 2.0,35 = 2,4 gam nO = 0,15 mol.
V l anehit n chc nn nanehit = nO = 0,15 mol.
- Phn 1: Thc hin phn ng trng bc:
n Ag

43,2
nAg = 108 = 0,4 mol

7
(1 im)

0,25

0,25

0,4

n andehit = 0,15 > 2

0,25

Phi c anehit fomic HCHO.

Cng thc ca anehit cn li l: R-CHO.
Gi s mol (trong mi phn) ca HCHO l x
RCHO l y.
HCHO 4Ag
RCHO 2Ag
x
4x
y
2y

x y 0,15

4x 2 y 0,4

x 0,05

y 0,1
7

mRCHO = 8,5 0,05.30 = 7 MRCHO = 0,1 = 70 g/mol.

R = 41 RCHO l:
CH2=C(CH3)-CHO (andehit metacrylic)

0,25

0,25

Cu

8
(1 im)

p n
Gi 3 nguyn t to nn phn t A l M, B, C. Theo bi suy ra M c 2
nguyn t, B c 3 nguyn t cn C c 4 nguyn t trong phn t A.
S proton trung bnh ca cc nguyn t trong A=42/9=4,67. Suy ra phi c
mt phi kim l Hidro (v t cc phi kim to ra cation X+). Hai nguyn t
cn li cng chu k thuc 2 nhm A lin tip trong BTH nn ta c h:

im
0,25

*TH 1: Nu M l Hidro
2+3.PB+4.pC=42
PB-pC=1 . Gii ra TH ny loi v pB, pC khng phi l s nguyn .

0,25

*TH2: B l Hidro
2pM+3+4pC=42
PM-pC=1. Gii ra TH ny loi v pB, pC khng phi l s nguyn .

0,25

*TH 3: C l Hidro
2pM+3pB +4=42
PB-pM=1. Gii TH ny ta c PB=8; PM=7.
CTPT l NH4NO3 (Amoni nitrat)
1. 1 im.
+ Xc nh s mol CO2
t s mol Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 thu c ln lt l x v y
2NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 + H2O
2x
x
x
NaOH + CO2 NaHCO3
y
y
y
theo bi ra:
nNaOH 2 x y 0, 6(1)
9
(1 im)

0,25

0,25

mcr 106 x 84 y 41,1(2)

x 015
nCO2 0, 45mol
y 0,3
t s mol O2 d v H2O ln lt l a v b
Ta c:

25, 6.1, 26
0,9 a 0,15
0, 082.(273 163,8)

b 0,3
32a 18b 0, 45.44 10,8 19, 2

t cng thc phn t ca A l CxHyOz

10,8
nA
0, 05
13,5.16
y z
y
C x H y Oz ( x )O2 xCO2 H 2O
4 2
2
0,05mol
0,045 0,03
CTPT ca A l C9H12O6
Khi thy phn A thu c ancol v 3 mui khc nhau vy CTCT ca A l:
a b 0, 45

0,25

0,25

0,25

Cu

p n
HCOOCH2
H-COO - CH2
CH3-COO - CH
CH2=CH-COO - CH2

10
(1 im)

CH2=CHCOOCH
CH3COOCH2 ;

im
CH3COOCH2
HCOOCH
CH2=CHCOOCH2

;
1. 1 im.
Nguyn tc: da vo tan khc nhau ca NaCl v KCl theo nhit
0,5
Trong 100g qung xinvinit ta c:
74,5
mKCl 100.
56 gam
74,5 48,5
0,5
mNaCl 44 gam
Cch lm: Ha tan 100 gam qung trn vo 123,6 gam nc 1000C khi
hn hp s b ha tan hon ton
Lm lnh dung dch ti 00C th lng KCl b tch ra l:
123, 6
mKCl 56 28,5.
20,8 gam
100
Khi lng KCl cn li trong dung dch: 56-20,8 = 35,2 gam
un si dung dch cn li cho ti khi thu c dung dch KCl bo ha khi
khi lng nc cn li l:
35, 2.100
mH 2O
62, 2 gam
56, 6
Lng NaCl b tch ra khi dung dch l:
62, 2.39,1
mNaCl 44
19, 7 gam
100