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BI
Bi 1. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD, bit nh B(3; 4) v phng trnh cnh AC
l x y + 2 = 0. Tm ta cc nh A, C, D, vi im A c honh b hn 3.
Bi 2. Tm ta 3 nh ca tam gic ABC bit ng phn gic trong gc A, trung tuyn k t
B, ng cao k t C ln lt l d1 : x 3y + 1 = 0, d2 : 3x + y + 3 = 0, d3 : x + y + 3 = 0.
Bi 3. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho t gic ABCD ngoi tip ng trn (C ) :
( x + 2)2 + ( y 3)2 = 9, c phng trnh
ngthng BD : 4x y + 6 = 0. Cc cnh AB, AD ln
22 6
. Tm ta cc nh ca t gic ABCD
lt tip xc vi (C ) ti E(2; 6) v F ;
5 5
Bi 4. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho t gic ABCD ngoi tip ng trn (C ) :
( x + 2)2 + ( y 3)2 = 9, c nh A (8, 6) v phng trnh ng thng BD : 4x y + 6 = 0.
Tm ta cc nh cn li ca t gic ABCD
45
, y ln CD nm
2
trn ng thng x 3y 3 = 0. Bit hai ng cho AC, BD vung gc vi nhau ti I (2; 3). Vit
phng trnh ng thng cha cnh BC, bit im C c honh dng.
Bi 5. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD c din tch bng
Bi 6. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti nh A(2; 2). ng thng i qua trung
im ca cc cnh AB, AC c phng trnh x + y 6 = 0 v im D (2; 4) nm trn ng cao
k t nh B. Xc nh ta cc nh B v C ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 7. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD (AB//CD v AB < CD), bit
cc nh A(0; 2) v D (2; 2). Giao im I ca hai ng cho AC v BD thuc ng thng
d : x + y 4 = 0. Tm to cc nh B v C, bit [
AID = 45o .
Bi 8. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im A(3; 1) v C thuc ng
thng d : x 2y 5 = 0. im E l giao im th hai ca DC v ng trn tm B bn knh BD
(E khc D). Hnh chiu vung gc ca D xung BE l im N (6; 2). Tm ta im B v C.
Bi 9. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC nhn c M(1; 2), N (2; 2) v P(1; 2), ln lt
chn ng cao k t 3 nh. Tm ta 3 nh trn
1 9
, cc nh A, B ln lt
Bi 10. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c tm I ;
2 2
thuc cc ng thng d1 : 3x + 4y 8 = 0; d2 : 3x + 4y 1 = 0. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh
vung.
Bi 11. Cho hnh vung ABCD. M l trung im ca BC, phng trnh ng thng DM :
x y 2 = 0, im C (3; 3) v im A thuc d : 3x + y 2 = 0. Xc nh to A, B, D.
Bi 12. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn T : ( x 4)2 + y2 = 40. Vit phng trnh
ng thng i qua gc ta v ct ng trn ( T ) ti hai im A, B sao cho AB = 4BO
Bi 13. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im A(0; 2) v ng thng d : x y + 2 = 0. Tm
ta im M thuc d sao cho ng cao AH v ng trung tuyn ON ca tam gic OAM c
di bng nhau.
Bi 14. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. Bit A(1; 4), B(1; 4) v
1
ng thng BC i qua im M(2; ). Tm ta nh C.
2
1
Bi 15. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(1; 4), trc tm H (3; 1), tm ng trn
ngoi tip tam gic I (2; 0). Xc nh im B, C bit honh ca C dng.
Bi 16. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : ( x 4)2 + ( y + 3)2 = 4 v ng
thng d : x + y 1 = 0. Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD ngoi tip ng trn
(C ), bit A thuc ng thng d.
Bi 17. Cho hnhvungABCD .Gi M l trung im BC, N l im trn cnh CD sao cho CN =
11 1
2ND. Gi s M
;
v ng thng AN c phng trnh : 2x y 3 = 0. Gi P l giao
2 2
im ca AN vi ng cho BD. Tm ta im P.
Bi 18. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A, c 2AB = 5BC. H (3; 3) l
hnh chiu ca A ln BC. Phng trnh ng thng AC : x 3y + 2 = 0. Tm ta im B.
Bi 19. Trong mt phng Oxy cho bn im A(1; 0), B(2; 4), C (1; 4), D (3; 5) v ng thng
d : 3x y 5 = 0. Tm M trn d sao cho hai tam gic MAB, MCD c din tch bng nhau.
Bi 20. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 6. ng cho
AC c phng trnh x + 2y 9 = 0, ng thng AB i qua im M(5; 5), ng thng AD i
3
qua im N (5; 1). Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht, bit A c tung ln hn v B c
2
honh ln hn 3.
Bi 21. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng trn (C ) : x2 + y2 + 2x 4y 20 = 0 v im
A(3; 0). Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A v ct (C ) theo dy cung MN sao cho di:
a) MN ln nht
b) MN nh nht
x2
y2
+
= 1 v ng thng : 3x + 4y
16
9
12 = 0 ct ( E) ti hai im A v B. Tm im C ( E) sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch ln nht.
Bi 23. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh bng 1. Gi E, F ln lt l
5
1
. Xc nh ta im F, bit
cc im trn cnh AB v AD, sao cho SAEF = v SCEF =
6
12
1
im E 1;
v phng trnh ng thng CF : y + 2x = 0.
3
Bi 24. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD . Gi E, F ln lt l cc im trn
1
1
[
cnh AB v AD, sao cho SAEF =
v tan ECB =
. Xc nh ta im F, bit im
6
3
1
E 1;
, phng trnh ng thng CF : y + 2x = 0 v im C c honh khng m.
3
Bi 25. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho im M (1, 1) v hai ng thng d1 : x y 1 = 0 v
d2 : 2x + y 5 = 0. Gi A l giao im ca hai ng thng trn. Vit phng trnh ng thng
d i qua M, ct hai ng thng trn ln lt ti B v C sao cho tam gic ABC c BC = 3AB.
Bi 28. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD. nh B thuc ng thng
d1 : 2x y + 2 = 0, nh C thuc
thng d2 : x y 5 = 0. Gi H l hnh chiu ca B
ng
9 2
xung ng cho AC, bit M
;
, K (9; 2) ln lt l trung im ca AH v CD. Tm ta
5 5
cc nh ca hnh ch nht ABCD bit honh im C ln hn 4.
Bi 29. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho 4 ABC ni tip ng trn (C ) c tm I (d) : x y
5
3 = 0. Bit rng trc tm H (3; 2); trng tm G (4; ). Chn ng cao h t B; C ln lt l E(5; 3)
3
LI GII
Bi 1
Li Ca
Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD, bit nh B(3; 4) v phng trnh cnh AC l
x y + 2 = 0. Tm ta cc nh A, C, D, vi im A c honh b hn 3.
Li gii(hungchng)
D
C
I
B
2
2
nn ta ca chng
l nghim ca h
x y + 2 = 0
x=2
x=3
2
2
hay
9
1
5
y=4
y=5
+ y
=
x
2
2
2
= A (2; 4) , C (3; 5) do A c honh b hn 3.
Bi 2
catbuilata
Tm ta 3 nh ca tam gic ABC bit ng phn gic trong gc A, trung tuyn k t B,
ng cao k t C ln lt l d1 : x 3y + 1 = 0, d2 : 3x + y + 3 = 0, d3 : x + y + 3 = 0.
Li gii(Li Ca)
d3 : x + y = 3
d2 : 3x + y = 3
M
A
d1 : x 3y = 1
B
C0
c
7c
2; + 3 tc l C0 ( a 2; 7a + 3) nn AC0 = (4a 1; 8a + 3)
Tm c C 0
5
5
= (1; 1) l VTCP ca d .
0
Do AC d3 ta c iu kin AC 0 .
u3 = 0 vi
u
3
3
iu kin thnh 1(4a
1
)
1
(
8a
+
3
)
=
0
a
=
1.
Th
th
c
=
5. Coi nh xong!
1 3
S: C (5; 2), A(2; 1), B ;
2 2
Bi 3
Letrungtin
Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho t gic ABCD ngoi tip ng trn (C ) : ( x +
2)2 + ( y 3)2 = 9, c phng trnh ng
thng
BD : 4x y + 6 = 0. Cc cnh AB, AD ln
22 6
lt tip xc vi (C ) ti E(2; 6) v F ;
. Tm ta cc nh ca t gic ABCD
5 5
Li gii(hungchng)
E
I
C
= A(8; 6)
x + 2y 4 = 0
y=6
6
22
Phng trnh tip tuyn AF l
6 ( x + 8) + 8 ( y 6) = 0 4x + 3y + 14 = 0
5
5
(
(
4x y + 6 = 0
x = 2
Nn ta D l nghim ca h
= D (2; 2)
4x + 3y + 14 = 0
y = 2
Tip tuyn th haica (C ) qua
nn H
v F i xng qua DI do ta H
xc ti H
D tip
6
22
+ (3 + 2) y
=0
x = 2
(2 + 2) x +
5
5
5
l nghim ca h
6 nn phng
1
22
y
=
x
5
2
5
6
2
trnh tip tuyn DH l
+ 2 ( x + 2)
+ 2 ( y + 2) = 0 4x 3y + 2 = 0
5
5
ng thng BI c phng trnh (6 3)( x + 2) (0 + 2)( y 3) = 0 3x 2y + 12 = 0
Tip tuyn th hai ca (C ) qua B tip xc ti G nn G v E i
xng qua BI do ta G l
x = 10
(0 + 2)( x + 2) + (6 3)( y 6) = 0
13 nn phng trnh tip
nghim ca h
1
1
54
3 ( x 2) 2 ( y + 6) + 12 = 0
y =
2
2
13
54
10
tuyn BG l
6 ( x 0)
0 ( y 6) = 0 12x + 5y 30 = 0
13
13
x = 10
12x + 5y 30 = 0
18
10
7
;
= C
Do ta C l nghim ca h
18
7 7
4x 3y + 2 = 0
y =
7
Bi 4
etrungtin
Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho t gic ABCD ngoi tip ng trn (C ) : ( x +
2)2 + ( y 3)2 = 9, c nh A (8, 6) v phng trnh ng thng BD : 4x y + 6 = 0. Tm
ta cc nh cn li ca t gic ABCD
Li gii(hungchng)
E
I
C
(8 + 2)( x + 2) + (6 3)( y 6) = 0
x = 22
5
nghim ca h 1
nn phng trnh
1
6
( x 2) + 2 ( y + 6) 4 = 0
y =
2
5
2
6
22
tip tuyn AF l
6 ( x + 8) + 8 ( y 6) = 0 4x + 3y + 14 = 0
5
5
(
(
4x y + 6 = 0
x = 2
Nn ta D l nghim ca h
= D (2; 2)
4x + 3y + 14 = 0
y = 2
Tip tuyn th haica (C ) qua
nn H
v F i xng qua DI do ta H
xc ti H
D tip
22
6
+ (3 + 2) y
=0
x = 2
(2 + 2) x +
5
5
5
l nghim ca h
6 nn phng
22
1
y =
x
= 2
5
2
5
2
6
+ 2 ( x + 2)
+ 2 ( y + 2) = 0 4x 3y + 2 = 0
trnh tip tuyn DH l
5
5
ng thng BI c phng trnh (6 3)( x + 2) (0 + 2)( y 3) = 0 3x 2y + 12 = 0
Tip tuyn th hai ca (C ) qua B tip xc ti G nn G v E i
xng qua BI do ta G l
(0 + 2)( x + 2) + (6 3)( y 6) = 0
x = 10
13 nn phng trnh tip
nghim ca h
1
1
54
3 ( x 2) 2 ( y + 6) + 12 = 0
y =
2
2
13
54
10
tuyn BG l
6 ( x 0)
0 ( y 6) = 0 12x + 5y 30 = 0
13
13
x = 10
12x + 5y 30 = 0
10
18
7
Do ta C l nghim ca h
= C
;
18
7 7
4x 3y + 2 = 0
y =
7
Bi 5
letrungtin
45
, y ln CD nm trn
2
ng thng x 3y 3 = 0. Bit hai ng cho AC, BD vung gc vi nhau ti I (2; 3). Vit
phng trnh ng thng cha cnh BC, bit im C c honh dng.
Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD c din tch bng
I N = N A = NB; I M = MC = MD. I M = d( I; CD ) = 10 CD = 2 10
ng
thng MN CD
(
( MN c PT:3x + y 9 = 0
x 3y 3 = 0
x=3
M(3; 0)
3x + y 9 = 0
y=0
10 c PT:( x 3)2 + y2 = 10
C;
D
thuc
ng
trn
tm
M
bn
knh
R
=
(
(
(
x 3y 3 = 0
x=6
x=0
hay
C (6; 1); D (0; 1)
2
2
( x 3) + y = 10
y=1
y = 1
t I N = a, ( a > 0) MN = a + 10; AB
= 2a
2 45
45
10
S ABCD =
( a + 10) =
a=
2
2
2
ID
IM
=
= 2 DI = 2 IB B(3; 5) BC = (3; 4)
IB
IN
ng thng BC c PT: 4x + 3y 27 = 0
Li gii(hungchng)
B
y
H
A
C
K
D
x 3y 3 = 0
10
ID
IK
= I H =
m
=
= 2 DI = 2 IB B(3; 5) BC = (3; 4)
2
IB
IH
Vy ng thng BC c phng trnh: 4( x 3) + 3( y 5) = 0 4x + 3y 27 = 0
Bi 6
Li Ca
Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti nh A(2; 2). ng thng i qua trung im
ca cc cnh AB, AC c phng trnh x + y 6 = 0 v im D (2; 4) nm trn ng cao k t
nh B. Xc nh ta cc nh B v C ca tam gic ABC.
Li gii(tutuhtoi)
d : x + y 6 = 0. Gi AE l ng cao h t A xung cnh BC.
Ta c AEd nn phng trnh AE : x y = 0. Gi I = d AE, ta c ta I (3; 3)
Ta nhn thy I l trung im ca AE nn ta E(4; 4)
ng thng BC i qua E v song song vi d nn phng trnh BC l: x + y 8 = 0
Gi B(t; 8 t). Do E l trung im BC nn ta c ta C (8 t; t)
Bi 7
Li Ca
Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD (AB//CD v AB < CD), bit cc
nh A(0; 2) v D (2; 2). Giao im I ca hai ng cho AC v BD thuc ng thng
d : x + y 4 = 0. Tm to cc nh B v C, bit [
AID = 45o .
Li gii(Phm Kim Chung)
I
A.
ID
2
0
[
AID = 45
=
2
I A . ID
q
m=2
2
2
2
2 m 3m + 6 = 2. (m 2m + 2) (m 4m + 20)
m=4
Sau khi tm c im I, ta vit phng trnh cc ng thng I A, ID ,ng thi tnh c I A, ID
IA
IA
v l : I A =
IC =
IC
IC
ID
Bi 8
theoanm
Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im A(3; 1) v C thuc ng
thng d : x 2y 5 = 0. im E l giao im th hai ca DC v ng trn tm B bn knh
BD (E khc D). Hnh chiu vung gc ca D xung BE l im N (6; 2). Tm ta im B
v C.
Li gii(Monkey D.Luffy)
[ = 90o .
Nt tht ca bi ton l chng minh c ANC
[ = 90o nn N cng thuc ng
V ABCD nm trn ng trn ng knh BD. Mt khc DNB
[ = 90o hay AN NC.
trn ng knh BD. ng trn ny cng c ng knh AC. Suy ra ANC
AC 2 = AN 2 + NC 2 = AN 2 + CD 2 = AN 2 + AB2 AB = 10
To
B l nghim ca
im
h phng trnh:
2
2
( x 2) + ( y 1) = 25 x = 2; y = 2
B(2; 2)
2
2
B(2; 4)
( x + 3) + ( y 1) = 10 x = 2; y = 4
Phng trnh ng thng AC c dng: y 1 = 0
V B v N cng pha vi ng thng AC nn B(2; 2)
Vy B(2; 2), C (7; 1) l cc im cn tm.
Li gii(Huynh)
( 1 ).
EC
EB
=
= BC k FD (2).
EF
ED
Theo tin Euclide, (1) ; (2) suy ra AD FD A, D, F thng hng.
EC
BC
AD
1
M theo Thales trong tam gic FDE c
=
=
=
ED
FD
FD
2
suy
ra
A
l
trung
im
ca
FD
suy
ra
AC
k
EF.
t
AB
=
x
;
AD = y.
AD = y
FDN : AN = q
Trong tam gic EDF c
2
2
2
ADC : AC = x2 + y2 = AC = AN + NC = AN NC .
DNE : NC = DC = x
Phng trnh NC l
:3x y 20 = 0.
3x y 20 = 0
x=7
Ta im C tha
b = 2
Suy ra AB. BC = 0 b2 4b 12 = 0
= B (2; 2).
b = 6 (Trng im N )
Kt lun: Ta cc nh B(2; 2) ; C (7; 1).
Bi 9
Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC nhn c M(1; 2), N (2; 2) v P(1; 2), ln lt chn
ng cao k t 3 nh. Tm ta 3 nh trn
Li gii(tutuhtoi)
Gi cc ng cao l AM, BN, CP. V H l trc tm tam gic ABC. Ta s chng minh kt qu sau:
BN l phn gic ca gc \
MNP.
[
[ =H
Tht vy: Ta c t gic ANHP ni tip ng trn nn HNP
AP.
\ V HNM
[
\ = HCM.
\ = H
T gic NHMC ni tip ng trn nn HNM
AP (cng ph vi gc
[
ABC).
\
[ nn BN l phn gic ca gc \
Do HN
M = HNP
MNP.
\ CP l phn gic ca gc
Tng t ta cng chng minh c: AM l phn gic ca gc NMP,
\
NPM.
S dng kt qu trn ta i gii quyt bi ton nh sau:
- Vit phng trnh 2 ng phn gic trong: BN l phn gic trong ca gc \
MNP, AM l phn
\
gic trong ca gc NMP.
- Tm ta H l giao ca BN v AM.
PhHPhuong
1 9
Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c tm I ;
, cc nh A, B ln lt thuc
2 2
cc ng thng d1 : 3x + 4y 8 = 0; d2 : 3x + 4y 1 = 0. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh vung.
Li gii(Li Ca)
I A. IB = 0
Bi ny s dng tnh cht: tam gic AIB vung cn ti I.
I A2 = IB2
8 3t
1 3k
Tham s ha cc im A thuc d1 v B thuc d2 : A t;
, B k;
4
4
10
Ta c h phng trnh
t+
t+
T PT(1) ta c t =
1
1
3t + 10
3k + 17
k+
+
=0
2
2
4
4
1 2
3t + 10 2
1 2
3k + 17 2
+
= k+
+
2
4
2
4
38k + 174
25k + 59
(1)
(2)
93
24
tng ng t = 4 hoc t =
25
5
Bi 11
PhHPhuong
2( I H 2 + IB2 ) HB2
vy nn: IO2 =
64 = 2( I H 2 + 40) (40 I H 2 ) I H = 8
4
Bi ton coi nh c gii quyt.
Bi 13
bongbong
11
Li gii(Li Ca)
t t
;
2 2
Bi 14
Li Ca
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. Bit A(1; 4), B(1; 4) v ng
1
thng BC i qua im M(2; ). Tm ta nh C.
2
Li gii(PhHPhuong)
Bi ny tng i nh nhng:
- Vit pt ng BC i qua 2 im B v M bit:
AB. AC = 0 tm ra C.
Bi 15
x = 1 + 2t
y = 4 + 9t
C (1 + 2t; 4 + 9t) T
PhHPhuong
Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(1; 4), trc tm H (3; 1), tm ng trn ngoi
tip tam gic I (2; 0). Xc nh im B, C bit honh ca C dng.
Li gii(tutuhtoi)
- Gi A0 l im i xng vi A qua I. T c ta A0 .
- Chng minh c tc gic BHCA0 l hnh bnh hnh. Gi M l giao ca 2 ng cho BC v
H A0 . Khi M l trung im ca BC v H A0 . T tm c M.
2 nn tnh
c I A = 2 2 Vn cn li ch l gii bi ton quen thuc: " Tm A d sao cho
IA = 2 2
Li gii(tutuhtoi)
Hnh vung ABCD ngoi tip ng trn ngha l cc cnh ca hnh vung tip xc vi ng
trn (C ). Tm ng trn I (4; 3), bn knh R = 2. - Tham s ha im A
(1 t; t). - K I H AB
ti H. Ta c tam gic AI H vung cn ti H. Do I H = AH = R nn AI = 2 2. T tnh ra t. Suy
ra ta A. Do c ta C. - Vit phng trnh tip tuyn i qua A ca ng trn (C ). S ra
2 tip tuyn. Xt tng phng trnh tip tuyn v gi l AB. - Tm giao ca AB v (C ) l ta
H. T suy ra ta B v H l trung im AB.
Bi 17
tutuhtoi
Cho hnh vung
ABCD
.Gi M l trung im BC, N l im trn cnh CD sao cho CN = 2ND.
11 1
Gi s M
;
v ng thng AN c phng trnh : 2x y 3 = 0. Gi P l giao im
2 2
ca AN vi ng cho BD. Tm ta im P.
12
Li gii(Li Ca)
1
Gi J l trung im ca AN. Khi , gc gia hai ng thng AN v MJ l cos \
AND =
10
Phng trnh ng thng MJ l x + y 6 = 0 hoc x + 7y 9 = 0
5 7
~
;
TH1. J (3; 3). Gi K l trung im ca AD. Ta c MJ = 5 JK Do , K
2 2
Phng trnh AD l x y + 1 = 0 Suy ra, A
).
(4; 5
5
;2
Li c P l trung im ca JN nn t P
2
TH2. Tng t nh!
Bi 18
Phm Vn Lnh
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A, c 2AB = 5BC. H (3; 3) l hnh
chiu ca A ln BC. Phng trnh ng thng AC : x 3y + 2 = 0. Tm ta im B.
Li gii(PhHPhuong)
8
* ABC l tam gic cn nn H l trung im ca BC, do : d ( B; AC ) = 2d ( H; AC ) =
10
1
1
* Din tch tam gic ABC l: S ABC = AH.BC = d ( B; AC ) .AC
2
2
8
5
AH.BC =
BC AH = 2 2
10 2
1
1
HE
[
[
= tan H
AC = AHC vung ti H
* Ta c: sin H
AC =
HA
2
5
[
HC = AH tan H
AC = 2
* n y ta ch
cn gii quyt cng vic quen thuc Tm im C AC ( bit phng trnh)
sao cho HC = 2 .Tm c C suy ra B
ps: Tnh ton cn kim tra li cho chc, v mt phng php th chun
Li gii(tutuhtoi)
Do tam gic ABC cn ti A nn AB = AC
v H l trung im ca BC. V 2 gc y l gc nhn.
5
BC = 5HC Tam gic AHC vung ti H nn AH 2 +
Ta c 2AB = 5BC AC = AB =
2
HC 2 = AC 2 AH 2 + HC 2 = 5HC 2 AH 2 = 4HC 2 AH = 2HC Trong tam gic AHC ta c
[ = AH = 2 Do cos ACH
[ = 1 (p dng cng thc 1 = 1 + tan2) Gi VTPT
tan ACH
HC
cos2
5
ca ng thng BC l
n = ( a, b). Khi phng trnh ca BC l: a( x 3) + b( y 3) = 0. Khi
[ = 1 suy ra mi quan h a, b. T vit
p dng cng thc tnh gc cos( AC, BC ) = cos ACH
5
c phng trnh BC. Khi tm c C l giao ca AC v BC. V tm c B do H l trung
im BC. Vit phng trnh ng cao AH (i qua H v vung gc vi BC). Tm c A l giao
im ca AH v AC.
Bi 19
Trng Nhc
Trong mt phng Oxy cho bn im A(1; 0), B(2; 4), C (1; 4), D (3; 5) v ng thng d :
3x y 5 = 0. Tm M trn d sao cho hai tam gic MAB, MCD c din tch bng nhau.
Li gii(Li Ca)
Tham s im M thuc ng thng d nn M(t; 3t 5)
Phng trnh AB : 3x 4y 3 = 0. Phng trnh CD : 4x + y = 0
|15t 23|
|7t 5|
Ta c phng trnh
.5 =
. 17
5
17
9
14
Tm c t = hoc t =
4
11
13
Bi 20
Li Ca
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 6. ng cho AC c
phng trnh x + 2y 9 = 0, ng thng AB i qua im M(5; 5), ng thng AD i qua
3
im N (5; 1). Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht, bit A c tung ln hn v B c honh
2
ln hn 3.
Li gii(Trng Nhc)
Tham s ho im A(9 2a; a) hai nt tht
PhHPhuong
Bi 22
PhHPhuong
x2
y2
+
= 1 v ng thng : 3x + 4y 12 = 0
16
9
ct ( E) ti hai im A v B. Tm im C ( E) sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch ln nht.
Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho Elip ( E) :
Li gii(noname)
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Bi 23
5
Ta c: 2SCEF = d ( E, CF ) .CF CF =
2
p
1
1
FD = CF 2 CD 2 = AF = AD FD =
2
2
14
p
2
2SAEF
5
= EF = AE2 + AF2 =
AF
3
6
n y a v gii bi ton quen thuc .
AE =
5
6
Phm Kim Chung
(
2
2
a=1
2
a
=
1
u=a
u=a
1 .
.
1
a=
(4u + 1)2 = 5 8u2 4u + 1
24u2 28u + 4 = 0
a2 =
6
6
2
2
1
1
v gi F ( x0 ; 2x0 )th EF 2 = a2 + ( a b)2 = a2 + a
= ( x0 + 1)2 + 2x0 +
.
2a
3
T y suy ra c x0 F ( x0 ; 2x0 ).
Bi 25
D B A,A1 2012
Bi 26
Li Ca
Bi 27
nh Nam
15
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C1 ) : x2 + y2 = 64 v A(3; 4). n trn (C2 )
c tm I2 , tip xc (C1 ) v i qua trung im I2 A. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C2 ) sao cho
bn knh ca ng trn ny nh nht.
Li gii(noname)
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Bi 28
nh Nam
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD. nh B thuc ng thng d1 : 2x
y + 2 = 0, nh C thuc ng
thng d2 : x y 5 = 0. Gi H l hnh chiu ca B xung
9 2
;
, K (9; 2) ln lt l trung im ca AH v CD. Tm ta cc
ng cho AC, bit M
5 5
nh ca hnh ch nht ABCD bit honh im C ln hn 4.
Li gii(Monkey D.Luffy)
ng thng AK ct ng thng BC ti E ta c C l trung im BE.
V M; K ln lt l trung im ca AH, CD nn MK l ng trung bnh ca AHE.
V B (d1 ), C (d2 ) B(b; 2b + 2), C (c; c 5). VC l trung im ca BE
76
72
E(2c b; 2c 2b 12) Ta c: HE = 2 MK H 2c b ; 2c 2b
5
5
86
72
Suy ra: CK = (9 c; 7 c), BC = (c b; c 2b 7), BH = 2c 2b ; 2c 4b
;
5
5
(
27
9
CK BC
CK. BC = 0
. Ta c:
MC = c ; c
MC BH
5
5
MC. BH = 0
(9
c)(c b)
+ (7 c)(c 2b
7)= 0
9
86
27
72
c
+ 2c 4b
c
=0
2c 2b
5
5
5
5
2c2 + 3bc + 23c 23b 49 = 0
b = 1; c = 4
B(1; 4), C (4; 1)
594
126
2
b = 1; c = 9
B(1; 4), C (9; 4)
4c 6bc +
b 46c +
=0
5
5
B(1; 4), C (4; 1) D (14; 5) A(11; 10). Loi v M v K cng pha vi AB.
B(1; 4), C (9; 4) D (9; 0) A(1; 0)
Vy to cc nh hnh ch nht ABCD l: A(1; 0), B(1; 4), C (9; 4), D (9; 0).
Bi 29
Huynh
Ta c: AH = 2 I M I H
I A = 2 I M = IB + IC I H = I A + IB + IC = 3 IG
(
x = 9
3 x = 3(4 x)
9
3
2 I
;
5
3
2 2
2y = 3( y)
y
=
3
2
9 3
Thay to im I vo ng thng (d) thy ng, vy I
;
2 2
16
[ = AFH
[ = 90o ) [
[ (gc ni tip cng chn cung AF )
AEHF ni tip ( AEH
AEF = AHF
[ = ABD
[ (cng b DHF
[ = BFH
[ = 90o ) AHF
[)
Mt khc: BDHF ni tip ( BDH
1
d = ABC
[ = CIN
[ = AIC
[
I AC cn ti I AIN
2
[ = AIN
[
Hai tam gic vung AIN v ADB c: ABD
[ = I[
[ + BAD
[ = 90o
Suy ra: AI N ADB BAD
AN [
AEF + Id
AE = ABD
5
2
1
o
[
ATE = 90 ( T l giao im ca EF v AI ) EF I A. S AEIF = AI.EF = 5 AI =
2
2
ng thng AC vung gc vi HE: 2x + y 13 = 0. Gi A( a; 13 2a)
2
9 2
23
25
2
Ta c: AI = a
2a =
a = 7; a = 4
+
2
2
2
5
A(7; 1) AH = (4; 3) = 2 I M = (2x 9; 2y 3) M
;3
2
ng thng IN vung gc vi AC : 2x 4y 3 = 0. To im N l nghim ca h:
(
11
11
2x + y 13 = 0
x=
; 2 C (4; 5) B (1; 1)
2 N
2x 4y 3 = 0
2
y=2
A(4; 5) C (7; 1) B(2; 7). Phng trnh ng thng BC : 8x + 9y 17 = 0
1
Ta thy A v H nm khc pha i vi ng thng BC (). Mt khc, cos( AB; AC ) = < 0.
2
[
Vy BAC t. Khi , trc tm H s nm trn mt phng b BC c cha im A.
iu ny mu thun (). Vy trng hp ny khng tho mn.
Vy to cc nh ca ABC l: A (7; 1) , B (1; 1) , C (4; 5)
Bi 30
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c tm ng trn ngoi tip, ni tip ln lt
l I (2; 2), K (0, 1). ng thng AK ct ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC ti D (1, 2) ( D
khc A). Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
Li gii(Monkey D.Luffy)
To im A l nghim ca h:
xy+1 = 0
A(6; 5)
( x + 2)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 25
1 b b
( A + C ). Suy ra DCK cn ti D.
2
Chng minh tng t, ta c: DBK cn ti D. Suy ra DB = DC = DK
Vy DBKC ni tip ng trn tm D bn knh DK
Phng trnh ng trn ( DBKC ) c dng: ( DBKC ) : ( x 1)2 + ( y 2)2 = 2
To
B; C l nghim ca h phng
trnh:
im
2
2
6 67
6 67
( x + 2) + ( y + 2) = 25
B(2; 1), C ;
hoc B ;
, C (2; 1)
( x 1)2 + ( y 2)2 = 2
25 25
25 25
Vy to cc nh
ca tam gic
ABC l:
6 67
6 67
A(6; 5), B(2; 1), C ;
hoc A(6; 5), B ;
, C (2; 1)
25 25
25 25
[ = DKC
[=
DCK c DCK
Bi 31
Li Ca
Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti nh A(0; 2). Gi D l im thuc
on
3 5
thng AB sao cho AB = 3AD v H l hnh chiu vung gc ca B trn CD. im M
;
2 2
l trung im ca CH. Xc nh to B v C.
Li gii(noname)
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Bi 32
huynhcashin
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c tm ng trn ngoi tip I (1; 2), tm
ng trn ni tip K thuc ng thng 2x + y 5 = 0. Phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic KBC l ( x 3)2 + ( y 4)2 = 5. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
Li gii(Monkey D.Luffy)
b ca ABC; J l
Gi (C ) l ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC; (C1 ) l ng trn bng tip A
tm ca (C1 ) v A1 l giao im ca AJ v (C ).
\
\ 1 b b
Ta c: A
1 CK = A1 KC = ( A + C ) nn A1 CK cn ti A1
2
Chng minh tng t, ta c: A1 BK cn ti A1 . Suy ra: A1 B = A1 C = A1 K
Mt khc, ta c: KB BJ; KC CJ
Suy ra cc tam gic KBJ; KCJ ln lt vung ti B; C v A1 l trung im KJ.
KJ
Vy t gic KBJC ni tip ng trn tm A1 bn knh
. Khi , (C1 ) (KBC ).
2
18
3 1015 2 1015
1015
BC =
;
. BC =
26
26
52
759
Phng trnh ng thng ( BC ) c dng: ( BC ) : 8x + 12y 67 = 0. d ( A; ( BC )) =
20 13
r
1 759
759 1015
1
1015
=
Vy SABC = .d ( A; ( BC )) .BC = . .
2
2 20 13
52
1040
Bi 33
nh Nam
Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD. Trn cc cnh AD, AB ly 2 im E v F
sao cho AE = AF .Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A ln BE. Tm ta im C, bit C thuc
ng thng d : x 2y + 1 = 0 v ta F (2; 0), H (1; 1).
Li gii(Huynh)
y
B
C
I
x 2y + 1 = 0
A
D
Huynh
19
Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho 3 im A(2; 3); B(5; 2); (8; 6). Tm im D (d) : x y + 3
sao cho hnh vung MNPQ c cc cnh MN; NP; PQ; QM ln lt i qua cc im A; BC; D
sao cho S MNPQ t gi tr ln nht
Li gii(noname)
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Bi 35
Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G. Gi cc im E(6; 4) ; F
Huynh
38 32
;
ln
7 7
Bi 36
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
tc gi
Li gii(noname)
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Bi 37
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
tc gi
Li gii(noname)
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Bi 38
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
tc gi
Li gii(noname)
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Bi 39
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
tc gi
Li gii(noname)
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Bi 40
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
tc gi
Li gii(noname)
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
20