1/19/2015

CuchnhtrnhitmSPhc|TONHCTIP

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CuchnhtrnhitmSPhc
PostedonThngNm2,2012
Mubivitnytimunkchoccbnnghemtcuchuyn,vnhTonhc
NiccoloFontana(14991557)sngticngcucVenezia(naylmtthnhphcaItalia)
vibitdanhTartaglia(knilp).
Tartagliacmttuithybthnh.Nmng13tuiqunPhptrnvoquhng
ng,chang(mtngiath)dtngchytrnvonhthcngvimingi
tronglng.Khngmayhbphthinvcucthmstdinrangytrongnhthy:
Changbgitcht,TartagliabchmngangmtcttmingvliNgimtrong
nhngnlccuicngtmthyacontraivngichngchtcamnh.Chng
thctinlothucthangiutrchoacontrai,bnhlirngnhngconchkhib
thngthnghaylimvovtthng,vthtthnkvicchchychacbitm
vtthngcaTartagliabnhphc.Mngchgomgptinngcihc
trong15ngyvchtrongqungthigianngnngiTartagliatmcchtrmc
mtcunvnhvnvthccchcvvit.Tartagliavivmmingbhngninng
rtkhkhnvmtcucsngnghokhthcthnhtivcrtnhiungiknh
phc.
TartagliabvngvomtcucthchuTonhcgiiccphngtrnhbc3khcnhau
vinhmmncaDelFerro(nhTonhctmracchgiimtlpphngtrnh
bc3cbit).Bivnthiimyvnchacaitmraccchgiiphngtrnh
bc3tngqutnncucthchucsquantmcacgiiTonhcChuu
thibygi.Cmthyhinaonngvithquttin,Tartagliamitmisuynghv
trckthi8ngyngtmraccchgiitngqut.
Vongy2221535,ccnhtonhcvnhngngihmmnhiuncchuu
kovthnhphMilandcucthiti.Mibnsrachoiphng30phngtrnh
bc3khcnhauvgiitrong2h.VbivnhmFerrochgiicmtlpccphng
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CuchnhtrnhitmSPhc|TONHCTIP

trnhbc3cbittrongkhiTartaglianmgitrongtayCumchnkinhdongsng
torannkhngcgbtngkhitstrnquytul30:0.Tartagliatrnnrtniting
khpChuusauthnhcngvangdiny,dvyngvngiknbmtvcchgiica
mnh.
LinivCardano,mtbcsyuTon,ngcngnghincuvtinynhiunm
mchacktqu.CardanonhiulnthuytphcTartagliachiasbmtv
cTartagliachpthunvimtlituynthskhngtitlchobtkai.Tuyvy,
Cardanonutli.ngcngbcchgiinytrongmtcunschcamnhvmc
dtrongliniucacunschngcxcnhnrngcchgiinylcaTartaglia,gii
Tonhcdngnhvnchnhnngkhinhcnphtminhny.
CngdhiulTartagliabtnthngnhthno,mtcuctranhlunlnnra,v
cngnhlntrcTartagliaginmtlithchu.KhngmaychoTartaglia,lnny
ngkhngngrngLodovicoFerrari,mthctrtibacaCardanotphngphp
cthymnhtruynlitmraccchgiitngqutchophngtrnhbc4.Vv
vy,trongcuctranhlunTartagliathtbicayngvmangniuthntronglng
chonkhingmt
Trnphngdinmtngibn,Cardanohnhxkhngng.Nhngkhngthph
nhnrng,viccngbrngriphtminhnygipchrtnhiuchosphttrinca
Tonhc.Lchssmivnllchs,nghaysaiikhichltngi.Nhnghu
bichngtahmnayscngtmhiuphtminhtrnginyritccbnsthy
mtthnhvinmicagianhnhs:sphc,xuthinkonhthno.
Titngkchonhiuemhcsinhnghevcuchnhtrnhtmrasphc,cuchuynv
phngphpgiiphngtrnhbc3vhuhtccemumunhiurvphtminh
quantrngny.cnglldotivitbivitnyvstrnhbysauyvphng
phpgiiphngtrnhbc3caTartaglia:
Xtphngtrnhbc3cdng:
Tatmcchaphngtrnh(1)nyvdngkhuyt
Munvytathchinphpibin:
Bngccht:

.
.Thayvo(1)tac:

.Taa(1)vphngtrnhsau(khuyt

shngbc2):

(2)

Nhiubnshitisaobitcchibinnhvy?Thtracngnginbanuvbn
chabitnntthno,bnhyctmtl

.Sauhycrtxvth

vophngtrnh(1)cmtphngtrnhbc3mitheoy.iviphngtrnhny
taschohsca

phibng0.Tmbitcphichnkbngbaonhiu.

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giiquytphngtrnh(2)ny,Tartagliathchinthmmtlnibinna.ngt
Trongu,vl2nmi.Ccbncthnghrngsaotakhngtginghinylm
mtlunhngtbcnhtca(2).Rtticlmunychcchnsthtbivni
chungkhiibinthchhpmthngtbcnhtthnlimcrahngtbc2ban
u.Bygillcccbnphithtch,victy=u+vthuvvhontoncquyn
crngbucvinhautheomtcchtyno.Quynchnlarngbucnyta
schnlasau.Cnbygitaschuynphngtrnh(2)vdngmitheou,v:

chophngtrnhtrnnnginhn,ytassdngquynrngbucca
mnh,cthtascho
Lc(2)trthnh:

.Tmliu,vtha2iukinsau:

v
Suyra

l2nghimcaphngtrnh:

(3)

Tmtmcu,vtiptheoltmyvcuicngltmcnghimx.
Cngkhngqukhhiuphikhngccbn.Phngtrnhbcbaviccphpibin
thchhpcavmtphngtrnhbchai(phngtrnh(3)).Tuyvyphng
phptuytvinylicmtimyuchtngi,vtischraimyunyquavd
sauy:
Xtmtphngtrnhbcbanginmchngtabitchcchnc3nghimca
n:

.Phngtrnh(*)rrnglc3nghim0,1,1.Bygitaspdng

phngphpcaTartagliagiiquytn.Vphngtrnhdngkhuytshng
bc2nntastlun
Ttnhinltaschnu,vtha:

.Lcny

.Theotrnth

lnghimcaphngtrnh:

Oimthayphngtrnh(4)nylivnghim!Vy3nghimbanucamnhiu
mt?imyucaphngphpnych:Khngphibaogicngtmc2su,v
m

.Trongtrnghptavaxttrn,ccbncngnhnthy

lkhngthtmcu,vnothachnghn

ngtrckhkhnnyccvtinbicachngtac2slachn.Mtltb
phngphphpdnny,cnslachnth2minghetngchngrtliulnhv
inr:Chpnhnccnbc2casmgiitipphngtrnh6tmu,v.Mtnh
inrnhngythamvng.Nochngtasth:
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CuchnhtrnhitmSPhc|TONHCTIP

Chngtacxemlccnbchaicasm,niringlcnbchaica1vtnli:
v

.Lcnytacthgiitipphngtrnh(4):

Phngtrnhnyc2nghiml
tmcuvvvnlphitmccnbcbacai.C3cnbcbanhvy,ln
ltl:

thrribi:

.Cn2cnbcbacnliu

ra?Trchtbncthkimtrachngchthlcnbcbacaibngcchlythabc
balnvkimtraxemcbngihaykhng?Cnnuccbnmuntmhiuxemlmth
nomtmc2cnbcbanythticthnilun.Chngtasgicccnbcba
cail:

.Saucnglythabcbalnvgiimthphngtrnhi

stmcavb.
Trlivn,chngtatmc3gitrcaul:

3gitrcavlnltl:

Ccbncltispxpliccgitrcavtheomtthtkhcviuvcho
tchccgitrtngngcauvvl theonhrngbucbanu.
Bygillcgthithnhqu,hyxembagitrcaxtmcsl:

Vnghimth3:
Thtkhngthtinni,

mchngtaliulnhchpnhnxuthinnhmtphpmu

giptavtquakhkhnbctiptheoconngTartagliatmrarisaun
binmtlichochngta3nghimthcmchngtabittbanu.

rrng

lkhngcthc,bithmngitaginlo(chnhxchn:nvo)nhngn
xuthincnhmtphpmucangBtvy,chkhcmtiulchngtakhngchp
nhnnbinmtmimi.Chngtanuginlinghincuhiuhnvphpmu
kony,phttrinlthuytvnribygisphc(nhngscdnga+bi)t
holmtthnhvinquantrngtrongigianhnhsvgpphntonnbcpht
trinmitrongbngvnglchscaTonhc.
Ps:XintlngbitnviGiosNguynCnhTonvbivit:Songungchay
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CuchnhtrnhitmSPhc|TONHCTIP

thngminhngtrnboTonhctuitr.Bivittonguncmhngchovichc
toncativcngchnhlngunthamkhochnhchobivitny.
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