1/19/2015

ohmlg?|TONHCTIP

TONHCTIP
Mingiucthhiuton

ohmlg?
PostedonThngTm8,2014
Mthm,cmtemhcsinhchntilivbtchthi:ThaThy,rtcucthohm
lg?Ticmthyhilngtngbntrliemhcsinhmtcchvthngvpht:
,trongtinghnthocnghalconng,thnnohmlkhinimmch
conngvnngvbinicahms .Vnhnghliththytrlikiucng
nhkhngtrli,vynntiquytnhvitbiny.
Nuphitmttlilchsphttrinhn200nmcaohmchtrongmtcuthtis
trchdnlicatcgiGrabiner: ohmutincsdngnhcngc,sau
micphtminh,tipnalcmrngvphttrin,cuicngmicnh
ngha. Thnghalthno?Nghaltrckhicphtminhra,ngitabitcch
sdngnnhmtcngcyhiuqu.hiuucuatainheothchngtaphiquay
trvnhngnm1630tmhiumtphngphptmcctrmimmFermat
nghra:
ngxtbitonsau:Chotrcmtonthng,hychianthnh2phnsaochotch
ca2phnnyllnnht

pncabitonnythngitabitttrc(tchlnnhtkhitachiaonthng
thnh2phnbngnhau)nhngcchlmcaFermatthlirtmi.Gichiudion
banulB,chiudionthnhtlAthchiudionthhaisl:BAvtchca2
phnl:

NhtonhcHiLpPappusAlexandriatrongmttcphmcamnhcaramt
nguynl:Mtbitonnonichungc2nghimthnstcgitrcci
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(hoccctiu)trongtrnghpchcmtnghim.Tisdnhmtchtthigian
minhhanguynlnycaPappusbivylmtnguynlrtthvvcch:
Xtbitonnginsau:TimAnmngoingthngdchotrc,hyxcnh
imNtrndsaochodionANlnhnht?

BygichngtahygivkhkhokhngbitimNcntmu,lcnyhygis
chngtatmcmtimMnonmbnphithamnyucubi(tcllm
choonAMnhnht).KhinichungluncmtimMnmbntrichoAM=
AMchonnnuMlnghimcabitonnythMcngphilnghimvbitons
lunc2nghim.NguynlPappusphtbiurng,gitrcctiustctrong
trnghpchcmtnghim,mmunvyth

.iunychxyrakhiM

chnhlchnngvunggcktAxungdvycngchnhlpncabiton
ny.VdnymcdkhtmthngnhngnguynlcaPappusthlirthuchtrong
nhiutrnghptmcctrkhcnhau.NobygihytrliviFermat:
nggisrngbitontrncncthmmtpsthhaina(tclcmtcchchia
khctchhaionlnnht),vipsthhainychngtasgionthnhtl
khioncnlil:

.Tchcachnglcnybng:
.

Bivgitrlnnhtphilduynhtchonnhaipstrnuphichoratchging
nhau,nghal:

Rtgn2vchoEtac:
MtkhctheonguynlyPappusth2nghimnytrongtrnghptgitrlnnhtphi
trnnbngnhaunnnichungEkhnghtnti.ThlFermatchoE=0,tng
thucktqu

,mycngchnhlpscabitontrn.Cchlmca

Fermatccigvacovakqui,nggisrngbitonc2nghimv
chngkhcnhaumtlngE.LcungxemEkhc0vrtgnEhaiv,sau
ngtavndngnguynlPappusvnirngmuntccctrthnichungEkhng
nntntivthlchoE=0cuicnglithucpschnhxc.Nubnthycch
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lmnythtquilthbngingviasccnhtonhcthik,cnvithhinti
khimchngtahcvohmtischrccbnhiucrtcucthFermat
lmciggiicbiton.
BitonmFermatgiilxcnh

hms

lnnht,vvicFermatxem
saurtgnbiuthccho

richo

nunitheongnngngynaylngsdngctrngsauycahms
tiimcctrcan:

Nubnhclp12thchccnghennhlFermatviukincnhm
stcctrrich.Vng,chnhny!NhngvothiimnyFermatchabito
hmlgu,dvycmtskinlthlFermatngdngphngphpnyvo
ccbitonvtlvthucnhngktqurtphhp.Cthngpdngtrong
quanghc:Fermatphtbiumtnguynlvcchhnhxcanhsng(nguynltc
dngtithiu):nhsnglunitheoconngnhanhnht.Theonguynlnyv
khostngicanhsngngangquabmtphncchcahaimitrngtrong
sutngtnhngtmconngnhanhnhtcanhsng(bngphngphpmi
trn),chnhlconngtuntheonhlutSnellvkhcx(vntmratrcbng
thcnghim)/NucthigianbnhycthmbivitTnhinlnhtonhccati
hiuthmnh.
Giaiontiptheolthiimohmcphtminh.ohmrailycmhngt
haingunnglcchnh.nglcnyntnhucuphigiiquythaibitonquan
trongtronghailnhvckhcnhau.Mtnthnhhclbitonxcnhtiptuyn
cangcongvmtntvtllbitonxcnhvntctcthicachtim.
Cngtmhiunh
Nuccbnhcohmrithsthyncnhnghanhsau:ohmca
hm

ti

Vnubnt:

cxcnhbnggiihn:
th

vohmcvitlimtdngkhc

tngng:
(Trongmtsschgiokhoangitacthdngk
hiu

thaychoh)

Vnltisaonlicnhnghanhth?Tistrliccbnbngcchchra
cchmngitatmraxcnhctiptuyncamtngcong.
Xtngcongcphngtrnh

,utinchngtasvmtngthngct

ngangngcongnyti2imPvQ:

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Chcccbncngbitlvitphngtrnhmtngthngchngtacnxcnh
chsgccan.Kinthclp7nirnghsgccangthngltancagc
tobingthngvitrchonhOx.Chnghn,ivingthngPQtrnth
hsgccansl:

BygichnghntamunxcnhtiptuyncangcongtiimP.Lmthno
ngthngPQbinthnhtiptuyny,ccnhtonhcnghramtphngnth
v:HchoimQtindnvimP,lcthrrngngthngPQtchctng
congti2imP,QnayschcncttimtimPvthltrthnhtiptuyncng
.Mingicnglkhi
bngcchcho

ngnghavivic

khngno.Nhvy

trongcngthctnhhsgccangPQtrnchngtas

thuchsgccatiptuyncntm.Ngtni,thiimngitachaphtminh
ralthuytvgiihn(saunylcnglaocaCauchy).Vthlmingibnbt
chctheocchmFermatlm:utinhcxemhlkhc0ritmcchrtgnn
itvmu,saurithxemhbng0ritrittiuni
Cchgiiquytklnylithucnhngthnhcngnkhngng,ngitagii
quytcbitonxcnhtiptuynkhnhntrc.Thnhngrtnhiungi
khcgolnbtmn,thlthquino,saolcuxemhlkhc0(thoimirt
gn)risaulichonbng0,vyrtcucnlciloig?Nhngngiphtminhra
phngphpnygihlvcngb,cngicntchonmtcitnkhlma
qui:bngmacanhngilngmt.
Cuhinymnhgiitonhcrtlu,michotisaunykhiCauchyxydng
honchnhlthuytgiihnthbcmnbnmicvnlnrrng.tmhsgc
catiptuyn:vicchngtacnlmlchohtindnv0(tindnvnghalcngngy
cnggn0nhngkhngbaogibng0nh)vquanstxemts

angtin

dnvgitrno.Cigitrmtsnyangtinvchnhlthchngtamuntm.Tt
nhinltmgiihnnycnnhngkthutphhp,vcchlmcaFermatmt
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chngmcnocthxemlxic.
NewtonvLeibnizclchscngnhnlclpvinhauphtminhragiitchv
khinimohmniring.Leibnizxutphttvicgiiquytbitontiptuyna
rakhinimviphnvxydngohmtheokhinimny(thtticvthilngbi
vitkhngchophptinichititthmvcchxydngcaLeibniz).Trongkhi
Newtonphtminhraohmtrongmthoncnhrtcth:ngphtminhragiitch
chnhsngtoracngcthchhpphcvchocctnhtontrongmtlthuytv
imsaunytnnmngchochccin:Thuytvnvthpdn.
ohmcNewtonphtminhragipnggiiquytcbitonxcnhvntc,
giatcchtim.Vyngchoohmmtnghatngqutvmangtrongmnh
mtscmnhtolnkhngthtngtng:ohmchochngtabitctcbin
thin(tcthayi)camthms .Ccbncbitciunyquantrngthno
khng?Viohm,btcucsthayi,chngtasbitcnthayi
nhthno:liuilngangtnghayanggimhayangkhngthayi,nul
angtngvytngnhanhhaytngchm
Vntcctrngchosthayicaqungngic,giatclctrngchos
thayicavntctheothigianvythcglkhhiukhngkhitrongchngtrnh
vtlngitaniviccbnrng:vntclohmcahmqungngtheothi
gian,cngiatclohmcahmvntc.
Nhiubnchccnmunhithmvsaoohmlccnghathvny?Thtra
thkhngkhhiulmu:Chnghnvimthmsbtk
xyra,cthl:
tngngt

tnglnmtlnghtcltrthnh
thnh

:Khicsthayi
.Vhmssthayi

.Tclhmsythayimtlngl

tngngvikhibinxtngmtlnglh.Nhvytcthayi
caytheoxsltsquenthuc:

.Ttnhintsnychmichotabittc

thayitrungbnhcahmskhibinxtngt

mthi.Vicchohtin

dnti0sgiptaxcnhctcbinthintcthingaytithiim

.V

cngchnhlohm!
Thtlnhnvnphikhngccbn,mikhigpnhngtrctrkhkhnbinngln
laotrongcucilmchngtamtinimtinvocucsng.Nhiungitmc
ngunani,hivngvstintngvoo,vonhngctinchngtatnngng
(ringbnthntirtccmtnhviopht).Cngnhvy,mikhinhtonhcphi
idinvicchmsadngvphctp.Lostrcsbinthin,thayikh
lngcachnghtmcnimtinvngchcbivohmchabaogilmh
thtvng.
Cnvimingitrongchngta,nubnlnhkinhtvmunbittctngtrng
kinhtnhmaranhngquytnhutchngkhonngn.Nubnlnhhoc
nhchinlcvmuncnhngthngtinlinquanntcgiatngdnstng
vngmin.Nubnlnhhahcvmunxcnhctcphnnghahcno
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,haynhvtlmuntnhtonvntc,giatccamtchuynngohmsl
thmchngtacn,rtnginutinbncnchmsmtilngangc
quantm,vsauchcnohmn.CntnhohmnhthnothSgkchdn
rrngvchitit.
ktthccuchuyntiskchoccbnnghevsthtngsauviccngbcng
trnhvicaNewton:Newtoncmtthiquenkl,ngkhngthchcngbnhng
cngtrnhphtminhcamnhmcdngbitrslnlaocan.Mthmnhthin
vnhcEdmundHalleynthmNewton(lcbygilvinsnitingcavinhnlm
khoahchonggiaAnh)khoevingvmtcngtrnhtmccamnh.Cthl
saumtthigianmitmiquanstthinvnHalleyphthinracmtsaochirt
cbitvthmchcndoncchukquocan,ngtnhcrng75nm
saunsxuthinthmlnna.TrivischmongcaHalley,Newtonkhngthtln
nhnglitrmtrkhenngi,thayvongttchoHalleymtgonclnhngt:
Newtonnimyciphthinlinhtinhnyngtmratmynmtrc.Harleyvcng
cmphn,chorngNewtonmunnuttricngtrnhcamnhnnngquytnhsn
thuanuNewtonkhnggiithchrrngchuynny.
HtcchNewtonnhphititlchoHalleybitnhngphtminhcamnhgipng
tnhtoncrtnhiuccquocanhngthinthkhcnhau.Halleyixem
chng,Newtondnngtanmtthngngygiylnnhngkhngtmthymy
tgiycghilitnhtonvquosaochiHalley.(Clmytgiycuntheo
nhngdngncvivsaumtcnaubngbtngcaNewtonchng?)Newtonnh
phigiithchrrng,nolngtaphtminhravnvttngtchtnhaunhth
no,rithphtminhragiitchgipngtatnhtonquorasao.Bitlctngtcs
xcnhcgiatc(nhlut2newton),cgiatcthlmphptonngcviohm
(nguynhmtchphn)sgipngtmcvntc.Cvntclitmchm
qungngtmbitquoQukinhngcviphtminhvinynnHalley
tmmibinphptddticngrnbucNewtonphicngb.Newtondnh2
nmvitlcngtrnhnyvxutbntrongcunschniting:Nhngnguynlton
hccatrithctnhin(citnthykhnglinquang).NghenrngNewtonctnh
vitthtkhhiunnikhngcti10ngithiimchiuccunsch
trn.
Viccngbcngtrnhcamnhmtcchtrnikhingiikhoahcrivomtcuc
tranhlunngtic.Vthccht,Newtonphtminhraohmtrcnhngnglicng
bsauLeibniz.Mcdhainhtonhcnyclpvinhauxydngnncscagii
tch,tuynhinnhngngibncahlichorngnginyncptngcangi
kiavthlcmtcuccivyxuhtronglchstonhc
Hnhnhbivitqudiriphikhng?Tikhngchccnhiucgikinnhn
cnkhitivitnhngdngcuicngny.Dsaonuquthtcainhvy,ti
thnhthtgilicmnvccbndnhnhiuthigianchonhngchiascati.
Chcmingihctonthtthvvvuiv
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12THOUGHTSONOHMLG?

FromVN
onThngTm24,2014lc9:05sngsaid:

Mikhigpn7hngtrctrkhkhnbinnglnlaotrongcucilmchng
tamtinimtinvocucsng.Nhiungitmcngunani,hivngv
stintngvoo,vonhngctinchngtatnngngCngnhvy,
mikhinhtonhcphiidinvicchmsadngvphctp.Los
trcsbinthin,thayikhlngcachnghtmcnimtinvng
chcbivohmchabaogilmhthtvng.
Bivithay+hihcqu.Thanksanh

thienhamath
onThngTm24,2014lc4:24chiusaid:

Cmnemn,anhscgngvitthmnhngbivitmi.

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thapsang.vn
onThngTm24,2014lc3:07chiusaid:

onnivnhthinvnEdmundHalleyvNewton,tnHalleycabgnhm
thnhHarley.Bivithay.Cmn!

thienhamath
onThngTm24,2014lc4:23chiusaid:

Hi,cmnbnnhcmnhnha.Khnghiusaomnhlinhmlnnhvy
na

shun
onThngChn7,2014lc7:52chiu said:

Cmnvbivitthv.Nhngquthtemvnthyohmthckhhiu(v
bn).Vdtusuyraccccngthcohm,T.T

thienhamath
onThngChn8,2014lc3:57sngsaid:

Emcnghvychonginnh:Ngitamuntnhtcthayica
hms,vthlngitalysthayicahm(
chiachosthayicabin(

)em

).Thlccts:

trngchotcthayitrungbnhcahmf(x)khibinthayit

c
n

x.Bygimuncctcthayitcthitithiim ,chngta
schoon

cngngycngnh(tclcho

).Cuicngta

cccngthcnhnghaohm:
(ctrngchotcthayitcthi).Tipchngtaspdngnh
nghanytnhohmmtshmscbnquenthucvcc
cccngthctnhohmchnghnnh
khc.

vnhiucngthc

anhkhngbitlanhctrlingcuhicaemkona.

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shun
onThngChn8,2014lc4:46chiu said:

Angri.Vylemhiucchtri.NhiukhihcToncnhngcic
bitnlvychrtccchbitnturalmhicch.Tkhihco
hmngiemcnchngnghlnclinquangtigiihnna.Cmnbi
vitvcutrlicathy,emmivraciiu

transang
onThngChn25,2014lc10:59sngsaid:

cmnanhv1bivitrthay,monganhslmchotonhcngycngti
p

trongthan
onThngMiHai5,2014lc10:57sngsaid:

bivithayqa,monganhcthmnhiubinhthnyna.

tieukhuyen
onThngMiHai16,2014lc5:43chiusaid:

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angthcmckinhkhngvohm,tchphnthgpbivitcaanh.c
xongbivitnymnhvrathmrtnhiuiuthanksanhnhiu
Cchanhdingiivohmthngquavictrnhbyqutrnhlchscan
quthtgiitonhngkhcmccaemvgipemthycunicaEinstein
rng:khoahcchcthcgingdynhlmtvbikchnhiumn,licng
thmxcng

NguynTnNht
onThngMiHai26,2014lc4:05chiusaid:

Bnlmcmtiuqubulbincivndhiubngikhclmcho
khhiuthnhlicidhiu!cbivithayvcng.

HangDuyen
onThngMiHai27,2014lc12:34sngsaid:

cmnbngipmnhhiuthmvohm

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