ĐẠO HÀM- VI PHÂN- TÍCH PHÂN- ỨNG DỤNG - Giải tích Toán học - Diễn đàn Toán học PDF

1/18/2015
OHMVIPHNTCHPHNNGDNGGiitchTonhcDinnTonhc
DinnTonhc NghincuTonhc NghincuTonhc GiitchTonhc
OHMVIPHNTCHPHNNGDNG
BtubiMrnhan,0309201322:37
gi0309201322:37
Mrnhan
(http://diendantoanhoc.net/forum/uploads/monthly_09_2013/post1072070659964001378275884.jpg)
CHNGI:OHMVIPHNNGDNG
1.nhnghaTnhcht
1.1.ohm
Chohms y
y
= f (x)
xnhtrongmin X,ohmcahm f (x)

y
= f (x) =
lim
f (x + x) f (x)
=
x0
lim
, xX
x
x0
ohmbnphi: f
(x
y
) =
lim
x0
ohmbntri: f (x )
(x 0 )
x
y
lim
x0
Vhnhhc: f
lhsgccatiptuynvithcahmsti
(x 0 , f (x 0 ))
1.2.Viphn
y = f (x)
gilkhviti x X
dy
dy = f (x)dx
= f (x)
dx
1.3.Tnhcht
1.3.1f (x) khviti x
f (x)
1.3.2f (x) khviti x
f (x)
lintcti x
1.3.3f (x) khviti xvtcctrti x
f (x) = 0
1.4ohmvviphncaocp
nhngha:y
= f (x) y
(n)
= (y
n1
) ,
dx
y
n
d
=
n1
(
dx
dx
n1
) nN
Quytctnh:
(u + v)
(n)
= u
(n)
+ v
(n)
(uv)
(n)
= Cn u
(nk)
(k)
k=0
http://diendantoanhoc.net/forum/index.php?/topic/104603%C4%91%E1%BA%A1oh%C3%A0mviph%C3%A2nt%C3%ADchph%C3%A2n%E1%BB%A9ng
1/8
1/18/2015
1.5.Cngthcthngdng
+ (x
(n)
= ( 1)( 2). . . ( n + 1)x
+ (sinx)
(n)
= sin(x +
)
2
+ (cosx)
(n)
n
= cos(x +
)
2
+ (a )
(n)
= a (lna)
+ (log a x)
(1)
(n)
n1
(n 1)!
=
lna. x
+ (lnx)
n1
(1)
(n)
=
x
(n 1)!
n
2.CCNHLVHMKHVI
2.1Ccnhltrungbnh
nhlRolle
Nuf (x) lintctrnon [a; b] ,khvitrongkhong (a; b) vf (a)
= f (b)
thc (a; b)
f (c ) = 0
Bitpvndng:
a0 0
)
a1
an
a +
+. . . . +
0
2
n + 1
CMR:PTf (x)
= 0
= a0 + a1 x+. . . +an x
= 0
cnghimtrongkhong (0; 1)
Gii:
Nguynhmca f (x)
: F (x) = a0 x +
a1 x
+. . . . +
an x
n+1
lintctrnon [0; 1],khvitrongkhong
n + 1
(0; 1)
Dthy F (0)
= F (1)
f (x) = 0
cnghimthuc (0; 1)
nhlLagrange
Nuf (x) lintctrnon [a; b] ,khvitrongkhong (a; b) thc (a; b)
f (b) f (a) = (b a)f (c )
BitpVndng:
a)Chom
> 0
v3sthc a,
b, c
tythamn:
a
+
m + 2
CRM:PTax
+ bx + c = 0
+
m + 1
ctnht1nghimthuckhong
= 0
m
(0; 1)
Gii:
Xthms: f (x)
ax
m+2
bx
Tac:f
(x) = ax
m+1
+ bx
+ cx
Mx0
(0; 1)
nnax0
2
Vyphngtrnh ax2
m > 0
lintctrnon [0; 1],khvitrongkhong (0; 1)
m1
(0; 1)
= f (x 0 ) = 0 x
1 0
m + 1
m
TheonhlLagrange,tnti x0
f (1) f (0)
cx
+
m + 2
m+1
m1
0
saocho:
(ax
+ bx + c) = 0
+ bx 0 + c = 0
+ bx + c = 0
ctnht1nghimthuckhong
(0; 1)
b)Chngminhbtngthcsau:
|sina sinb| |a b|
Gii:
Xthms f (x)
Vy f (a) f (b)
= sinx
thf (t) thamnmiiukincanhlLagrangetrongon
[a; b]
= f (c )(a b)
sina sinb = (a b)cosc |sina sinb| = |(a b)cosc| |a b|
v|cosc\leq1|
nhlCauchy
Nuf (x),
g(x)
lintctrnon [a; b] ,khvitrongkhong (a; b) vg (x)
c (a; b) :
trong(a; b) th
f (c )
=
g(b) g(a)
f (b) f (a)
g (c )
2/8
1/18/2015
BitpVndng:
Chohmf (x)
= x , g(x) = x
trongon[1; 1]
Gii:
Hmf (x),
g(x)
lintctrong [1; 1] vkhvitrongkhon (1; 1) vg
(x) 0
trong(1; 1)
pdngnhlCauchy
f (1) f (1)
f (c )
2c
g(1) g(1)
g(c )
c = 0
nhlL'Hpital (khdngvnh
Nuf (x),
g(x)
thamncciukincanhlCauchytronglncnca
x0 R
lim f (x) =
lim g(x) = 0 ()
xx 0
f (x)
v lim
xx 0
= a (a R )
,trtix0
f (x)
th lim
g (x)
xx 0
= a
g(x)
xx 0
BitpVndng:
Tmgiihn:
tgx x
lim
x sinx
x0
Gii:
nnpdngnhlL'hpital
lim tgx x = 0, lim x sinx = 0

x0
x0
1
tgx x
lim
x0
cos
= lim
x sinx
1 + cosx
= lim
1 cosx
x0
= 2
cos x
x0
2.2.CngthcTaylorvMaclaurin
Nuhm y
= f (x)
khvi n + 1 lnthlncncaim
f (x 0 )
f (x) = f (x 0 ) +
(x x 0 ) +
1!
(x 0 )
x0
thtronglncnca x0 ,taccngthc:
f
(n)
(x x 0 ) +. . . +
2!
(x 0 )
n!
(x x 0 )
+ R n (x)
gilcngthcTaylorcp n
Vi Rn (x)
(n+1)
(c )
(x x 0 )
(n + 1)!
(n+1)
lshngddng Lagrange
cbit x0
= 0
thf (x)
= f (0) +
f (x 0 )
(x 0 )
x +
1!
(n)
x +. . . +
2!
(x 0 )
n!
+R n (x)
gilcngthc Maclaurincp n
)CckhaitrinthngdngtheocngthcMaclaurin:
a) e
x
= 1 +
+
1!
+. . . +
2!
n+1
+
n!
(n + 1)!
b) sinx = x
+. . . +(1)
3!
x
m1
2m1
n
+. . . +sin(
5!
(2m 1)!
)
2
+ sin[x + (n + 1)
n!
]
2
n+1
(n + 1)!
c) cosx = 1
+. . . +(1)
2!
2m
n
+. . . +cos(
4!
(2m)!
)
2
+ cos[x + (n + 1)
n!
n+1
]
2
(n + 1)!
d) (1 + x)
( 1)
= 1 + x +
( 1)( 2). . . ( n + 1)
x +. . . +
2!
( 1)( 2). . . ( n)
+
n!
(1 + x)
n1
n+1
R, 0 < < 1.
(n + 1)!
e) ln(1 + x) = x
+. . . +(1)
n1
+ x
g) arctgx = (1)
2k+1
+ (x
2k+2
(2k + 1)
k=0
2k+1
2k+2
h) arcsinx = x +
+ (
3/8
1/18/2015
n
(2k 1)!!
h) arcsinx = x +
2
k=1
2k+1
+ (x
2k+2
k! (2k + 1)
BivitcchnhsanidungbiMrnhan:0409201313:25
gi0409201312:38
Mrnhan
CHNGII:THCHPHN
I.Tchphnbtnh
1.khinim
1.1.Nguynhm
F (x)
gilmtnguynhmca f ()x trongminnu F (x)
= f (x)
haydF (x)
= f (x) x X
1.2.Tchphnbtnhca f (x) trongX
Vi F (x) lmtnguynhmca f (x) vC
f (x)dx = F (x) + C
= const
1.3.Tnhcht
a) [f (x) g(x)]dx =
f (x)dx
b)
C f (x)dx = C
c)
f (u)du = F (u) + C ,
g(x)dx
f (x)dx
u = u(x)
VD:Tnhtchphn
2tg
tg
dx = tgx +
+ C
cos x
+
5
2.tchphncchmhut
2.1phngphpchung
Hmhutcdng: f (x)
Pn (x)
Q m (x)
Vi Pn (x),
Q m (x)
n < m f (x)
n m f (x)
Nun
ca x
lhmhutthts
lhmhutkhngthcs
< m Q
(x) = A(x a)
m
A1
f (x) =
(x a)
lccathcbc n,
A2
(x a)
. . . (x
+ px + q)
A
+. . . +
, (p
th:
B1 x + C 1
+. . . +
x a
4q < 0)
(x2px + q)
B2 x + C 2
+
(x
+ px + q)
+. . .
B x + C
x
+ px + q
Quingmus2vribmus,tachaiathcdngnhtnhau,chobngnhaucchscnglythca
2v,tac1hphngtrnhxcnh:
A i , i = 1, 2, . . . ,
B i , C i , i = 1, 2, . . . ,
Khi
f (x)dx
ltngcctchphnccphnthcnginvphi.
2.2.PhngphpOstrogradski
Nuf (x)
P (x)
=
vnu Q(x) cnghimbi:
Q(x)
thI
P (x)
=
f (x)dx =
X(x)
dx
Q 1 (x)
TrongQ 1 (x) lcschunglnnhtca

X(x), Y (x)
Y (x)
dx +
dx =
Q(x)
Q 2 (x)
Q(x)
vQ
(x)
,cnQ 2 (x)
lccathchschaxcnh,bccachngkmbcca
Cchs X(x).
Y (x)
= Q(x) : Q (x)
1
Q 1 (x), Q 2 (x)
tngngmtnv.
cxcnhbngccohm2v,tasc2athcngnhtnhau,chobngnhaucc
hscnglythaca x2v,tascmthphngtrnhxcnhchs.
VD:Tnhtchphn:
I =
1
(1 + x 4 )
4/8
1/18/2015
Gii:
Q 1 (x) = Q 2 (x) = 1 + x
Do:
1
Ax
I =
4
(1 + x )
+ Bx
+ Cx + D
dx =
1 + x
Ex
+ Fx
+ Gx + H
1 + x
ohm2vtheoxvngnhtcchscacnglytha2v,tac:
1 = (3Ax
+ 2Bx + C )(1 + x ) 4x (Ax
+ Bx
+ C x + D) + (1 + x )(Ex
+ Fx
+ Gx + H )
A = B = D = E = F = G = 0
1
C =
3
, H =
3x
I =
4(1 + x )
dx =
4(1 + x )
4(1 + x )
+ x2 + 1
x2 + 1
ln(
162
x2
3
) +
arctg(
82
1 x
+ C
II.TCHPHNXCNH
1.Khinimcbn
1.1.nhngha
Tchphnxcnhcahm
f (x)
xcnhvbchntrnon [a; b] :
f (x)dx =
lim
maxx i 0
f ( i )x i =
i=1
Vimtcchchiabtkon
lim
In
maxx i 0
[a; b]
a = x 1 < x 2 < x 3 <. . . < x i < x i+1 <. . . < x n+1 = b

x i = x i+1 x 1 ,
In
(i = 1, n )
i [x i ; x i+1 ],
giltngtchphnth n ca f (x) trn[a; b] .
f (x)
ctchphntrn[a; b] gilkhtchtrn
1.2.iukinkhtch(Riemann)
iukincnvhmbchn
f (x)
khtchtrnon [a; b] l:
lim
(S s) = 0
maxx i 0
n
Trong:S
= M i x i ,
s = m i x i
i=1
Mi =
sup
i=1
f (x), m =
i = 1, n
f (x),
[xi;x i+1 ]
[x i ;x i+1 ]
S (s)
inf
gilcctngDarbouxtrn(di)ca
f (x)
ngvicchchianoca
[a; b]
,gichungltngDarboux.
Tiukinkhtch,suyra:
a)Mihm f (x) lintctrn [a; b] ukhtchtrnon.
b)Mihm f (x) bchnvcmtshuhnimginontrn
[a; b]
ukhtchtrnon.
c)Mihm f (x) niuvbchntn [a; b] ukhtchtrnon.

1.3.nghhnhhcvchc
b
I =
f (x)dx
,vi f (x)
trnon [a; b] ldintchhnhthangconggiihnbiccngthng
x = a, x = b, y = 0
vy
= f (x)
(http://diendantoanhoc.net/forum/uploads/monthly_09_2013/post1072070741192001378382296.png)
b
I =
f (x)dx
,vi f (x)
> 0
trnon [a; b] l:
Khilngcaon [a; b] vimtkhilng(di)

Cngcalccln f (x)
> 0
f (x)
tcdngvomtvtchuynngthngt
x = a x = b
1.4.Tnhcht
a)
[f (x) g(x)]dx =
f (x)dx
g(x)dx
5/8
1/18/2015
b
a)
[f (x) g(x)]dx =
a
f (x)dx
a
b)
g(x)dx
a
C f (x)dx = C
a
f (x)dx
a
c)
f (u)du = F (u) + C ,
u = u(x)
2.ohmtheocntrnCngthcNewtonLeibnizPhngphptnhcbn
2.1ohmtheocntrn
x
Nu F (x) khtchtrn [a; b] thI (x)
f (t)dt
lmthmlintctrn [a; b]
Nuthmiukin f (t) lintcti t
= x [a; b]
thI
(x) = f (t)
Mihmlintctrn [a; b] ucnghuynhmtrnon.

2.2.CngthcNewtonLeibniz
b
Nuf (x) lintctrn [a; b] th
f (x)dx = F (x)|
b
a
= F (b) F (a)
Vi F (x) lmtnguynhmca f (x) trn[a; b].

2.3.Phngphptnhtchphn.
Phngphptngphn:
Nucchm u(x) v(x) khvilintctrnon [a; b] th:
b
udv = (uv)|
vdu
a
Phngphpibin:
b
tnh I
f (x)dx f (x)
lintctrn [a; b] ,tx
= x(t), t
,thamn:
x(t)
vx
(t)
lintctrong [; ] ,
t a x b
x() = a; x() = b
th
f (x)dx =
a
f (x(t))x (t)dt
3.NGDNGCATCHPHN
3.1.Tnhdintchmtphng
Dintch S cahnhthangconggiihnbiccnglntc
y = f (x), x = a, x = b
vtrc Ox
S =
|f (x)|dx
a
(http://diendantoanhoc.net/forum/uploads/monthly_09_2013/post1072070
098044001378387799.png)
Nuhnhgiihnbi a
x b, y 1 y y 2
th:
S =
(y 2 y 1 )dx
a
Nungthng y
= f (x)
chodidangthams x
= x(t), y = y(t), t
ngvi a
x b
th:
S =
|y(t)x (t)|dt
a
Nungthng x
= x(t), y = y(t), 0 t T
lngknlintc,chyngckimnghvdihndin
tch S vphatrith:
T
S =
0
y(t)x (t)dt =
Trongtaccc,dintch S cahnhgiihnbicctia:
x(t)y (t)
0
y(t)x (t)]dt
0
= , =
vngthng r
= r()
l:
S =
x(t)y (t)dt S =
r ()d
3.2.Tnhdingcong
di s cacungngcong AB
b
y = y(x), y (x)
lintc, a
x b :
1 + y x dx
s =
a
Nu AB
cphngtrnhthams x
= x(t), y = y(t), t
ngvi a
x b
th:
s =
dt
6/8
1/18/2015
s =
2
t
+ y
dt
Trongtaccdica AB :r
= r() :
s =
+ r d
3.3.Tnhthtch
3.3.1.Thtchcckhikhiquayquanh Ox
Thtch Vx cakhitrnxoaysinhbidintch
cccn x
Gis )
= a, x = b
giihn y
= f (x)
,trcOx ,2ng y
== f (x), y = g(x)
khiquayquanhtrc Ox lduhiucathtchbnngoitrithtchphnlibntrong.
< g(x) < f (x)
trong[a; b] thtac:
Vx =
[f
(x) g
(x)]dx
Trongtrnghp f (x) vg(x) tctnhauvftothnhhnhkhpkn,taphitmgiaoimbitcnlytchphn,

rilythtchkhibnngoitrithtchkhilibntrong
Thtch Vx cakhitrnxoaysinhbidintch
doqngcongbc2tora.Tatchngcongthnh2hm
theoisx,khitacoiS giihnbi:
{
(C 1 )y = f 1 (x)
(C 2 )y = f 2 (x)
b
NntacVx
|f 1 (x) f 2 (x)|dx
a
3.3.2.Thtchcckhikhiquayquanh Oy
Thtch Vy sinhradoS giihnbi y
= f (x), Oy, y = m, y = n
khiquayquanhOy
Vy =
[f
(x)] dy
Thtch Vy sinhradoS giihnbi y
= f (x), y = g(x), y = m, y = n
khiquayquanhOy l
Vy =
[(f
(x))
(g
(x)) ]dy
Thtch Vy sinhradoS giihnbingcongbc2:

{
f (x, y) = 0
.Tchngcongthnh2ng
(C 1 )y = f 1 (x)
(C 2 )y = f 2 (x)
n
Thtchcntmkhi Vy
|[f 1
(x)]
[f 2
(x)] |dy
4.TCHPHNMRNG
A.Tchphnsuyrngccnvcc
Nuhmsy
= f (x)
xcnhtrn[a; b] vhnvkhtchtrnmionhuhn
1.1.
f (x)dx =
< a x b < +
lim
a
f (x)dx
a
7/8
1/18/2015
1.2.
f (x)dx =
lim
b+
f (x)dx
a
1.3.Tngqut:
f (x)dx =
lim
a,b+
f (x)dx
a
Nugiihn
lim
a,b+
f (x)dx
lhuhnthtchphnsuyrng
f (x)dx
lhit(integralis
convergent).
Ngcli,nugiihn
lim
a,b+
f (x)dx
lvcnghockhngtntithtchphnsuyrng
f (x)dx
lphnk(integralisdivergent).
2.ngdng
2.1.Chngminh:I
cosxdx
phnk
Hin
2.2.Chngminh:I
=
x
dx
hit
Hin
B.Tchphnsuyrngcahmkhngbchn
Nuhms y
= f (x)
xcnhvkhtchmiontrn
[a + ; b], > 0, lim

xa
f (x) =
f (x)dx =
lim
0
f (x)dx
a+
Nuhms y
= f (x)
xcnhvkhtchmiontrn
[a; b ], > 0, lim

xb
f (x) =
f (x)dx =
lim
0
f (x)dx
Nuhms y
= f (x)
cimginonti c trnon [a; b],
lim f (x) =
vlintckhi
xc
a x < c, c < x b
c 1
f (x)dx =
a
lim
1 o
f (x)dx +
a
lim
2 o
f (x)dx
c+ 2
BivitcchnhsanidungbiMrnhan:0509201320:39
TrliGiitchTonhc
DinnTonhc NghincuTonhc NghincuTonhc GiitchTonhc
8/8

ĐẠO HÀM- VI PHÂN- TÍCH PHÂN- ỨNG DỤNG - Giải tích Toán học - Diễn đàn Toán học PDF

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1/18/2015

DinnTonhc NghincuTonhc NghincuTonhc GiitchTonhc

xnhtrongmin X,ohmcahm f (x)

1.3.2f (x) khviti x

1.3.3f (x) khviti xvtcctrti x

= ( 1)( 2). . . ( n + 1)x

lintctrnon [0; 1],khvitrongkhong

f (b) f (a) = (b a)f (c )

lintctrnon [0; 1],khvitrongkhong (0; 1)

thf (t) thamnmiiukincanhlLagrangetrongon

sina sinb = (a b)cosc |sina sinb| = |(a b)cosc| |a b|

lintctrnon [a; b] ,khvitrongkhong (a; b) vg (x)

lintctrong [1; 1] vkhvitrongkhon (1; 1) vg

lim tgx x = 0, lim x sinx = 0

gilmtnguynhmca f ()x trongminnu F (x)

1.2.Tchphnbtnhca f (x) trongX

Vi F (x) lmtnguynhmca f (x) vC

vnu Q(x) cnghimbi:

TrongQ 1 (x) lcschunglnnhtca

+ 2Bx + C )(1 + x ) 4x (Ax

a = x 1 < x 2 < x 3 <. . . < x i < x i+1 <. . . < x n+1 = b

giltngtchphnth n ca f (x) trn[a; b] .

c)Mihm f (x) niuvbchntn [a; b] ukhtchtrnon.

trnon [a; b] ldintchhnhthangconggiihnbiccngthng

Khilngcaon [a; b] vimtkhilng(di)

Nu F (x) khtchtrn [a; b] thI (x)

Nuthmiukin f (t) lintcti t

Mihmlintctrn [a; b] ucnghuynhmtrnon.

Nuf (x) lintctrn [a; b] th

Vi F (x) lmtnguynhmca f (x) trn[a; b].

lintctrn [a; b] ,tx

< g(x) < f (x)

Trongtrnghp f (x) vg(x) tctnhauvftothnhhnhkhpkn,taphitmgiaoimbitcnlytchphn,

Thtch Vy sinhradoS giihnbi y

Thtch Vy sinhradoS giihnbingcongbc2:

[a + ; b], > 0, lim

[a; b ], > 0, lim

cimginonti c trnon [a; b],

DinnTonhc NghincuTonhc NghincuTonhc GiitchTonhc

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