1/15/2015

Quyctrongtonhc?|Math2IT

Math2IT
Quy c trong ton hc?
Dinh Anh Thi |

15.8.14 |

Hiu ton hc |

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Mt bi vit rt hay v vic hiu ng quy c trong ton hc. Quy c l g? C th chng minh
c khng? M chng minh c sao li gi l quy c? Cng tm hiu vi tc gi blog Ton hc
ti p nh.

Math2IT: Xin ni trc vi bn c y l nhng kin c nhn v lun bn v

ton hc ca tc gi bi vit, n khng mang tnh cht l chn l hay mt chng
minh ton hc thun ty. Lp lun tuy da trn nhng logic ton hc nhng ch
mang tnh tham kho dnh cho mi ngi.

Trn mt din n n, mt thy gio dy Vt l bo vi mi ngi rng thy y c th chng

minh c 100 = 1 . Cch chng minh nh sau:

10

TRANG CH

LATEX

TON

= 10

LINUX

11

10
=

OS X

10

10
=

CNTT

= 1
10

TRI THC
tm

KHC
MATH2IT
Nh
vy c
ngha l vic 100 = 1 l hon ton chng minh c m khng cn phi quy c
nh trong sch gio khoa lp 7. Rt nhiu ngi ng h, h bo rng chng minh n gin m
d hiu qu. M l chng minh c th cn phi quy c lm g?. Mt vi ngi phn i:
l quy c th chng minh lm g? :) Vy l sao, c phi quy c hay khng? M tht ra my
ci quy c trong ton hc c ngha g, c th quy c khc i c hay khng?

http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/08/quyuoctrongtoanhoc.html

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1/15/2015

Quyctrongtonhc?|Math2IT

u tin cc bn phi hiu l mi chng minh u phi xut pht t nh ngha v cc tin
c tha nhn. y ta xem xt ci nh ngha trong sgk nh:
a

= a. a. . . a

(c n tha s a).

nh ngha nh vy l hp l v tch ca n tha s a s l mt s no . nh ngha ny khng

th p dng cho trng hp a 0 c v tch ca 0 tha s a no c th c ngha l g? Ci trng
hp ny r rng l khng c ngha g trong thc t. Tuy nhin do nhu cu pht trin ni ti ca
ton hc ngi ta vn cn xt n a 0 . V y l lc cn phi quy c a 0 = 1 .
Vn l: cng ging nh bao quy c khc trong cuc sng, chng hn thay v ni mt triu
ng ta c th quy c gi l mt chai, hay thay v gi th ny ta c th quy c gi th khc.
iu quan trng l ch c quy c c nhn c s ng thun chung ca mi ngi hay
khng m thi. l c im quy c trong ngn ng. Vy trn ta c th quy c a 0 = 2
c khng?
Cu tr li l Khng! Mi quy c trong ton hc u phi ph hp. Chc cc bn u bit tnh
cht ny ca ly tha: aa = a mn . Nu m ln hn n, vic rt gn nhng tha s a ging nhau
m
n

t v mu ta s cn li tch ca m n tha s a , vy nn s bng vi a mn .

Vic quy c a 0 = 1 s lm cho tnh cht trn vn cn ng trong trng hp m = n. Ti

mun nhn mnh li rng: mi quy c u phi ph hp v ha vo ci chung. Th nn vic
chng minh quy c bng cch p dng tnh cht trn ging nh vic tha nhn n ng
chng minh n ng vy! C l Thy y ch nn dng nhng phn tch ca mnh ch ra cho
hc sinh thy s hp l ca vic quy c a 0 = 1 m thi.
Nu cc bn cn hng th ti xin k tip mt cu chuyn na. C mt hc sinh k rng khi hc
v tp hp con, c gio s dnh mt im 10 cho ai chng minh c rng: Tp rng l con ca
mi tp hp. iu th v l trong cc ti liu v tp hp ngi ta u bo rng y ch l quy
c! Rt kinh nghim t 1, chc cc bn s ngh rng: i do! l quy c ri cn chng
Ln u trang
minh ci g na?. Nhng khng hiu sao ln ny ti li mun ng h c gio y: ti ngh khng
nh trn l c th chng minh c.
Ta nhc li mt cht v khi nim tp hp con: A

khi v ch khi x

: x A x B

Vy nn chng minh tp rng l con ca mi tp A no ta cn chng minh:

x : x x A

(1)

Mi chuyn th v nm y: tnh ng sai ca mnh ko theo. Mnh P Q ch sai khi

P ng m Q li sai thi. iu ny cng c ngha l khi P sai, bn mun suy ra ci g cng c!
Rt ging vi my tnh hung chm gi ca cc bn trai: Em ! Nu anh c nhiu tin th anh s
xy cho em 2 ci h bi, mt ci cho em ra mt mt ci cho em ra chn! S thc l bn chng
xy cho c y ci g c. D bn ang ngho kit, nhng ch cn ni nu anh c nhiu tin th
http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/08/quyuoctrongtoanhoc.html

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1/15/2015

Quyctrongtonhc?|Math2IT

bn mun suy ra ci g m chng c. Th y, ci quy c ca ton hc n nm y: Ton

hc quy c rng trong trng hp P l Sai, mnh P Q lun lun ng.
Tr li mnh (1) trn, ta thy rng: R rng mnh x l sai vi mi phn t x ( v
rng c phn t no u). Nn mnh ko theo (1) l lun ng ri. iu c ngha l tp
rng ng l con ca mi tp hp m khng cn phi quy c. Ci quy c tht s y c l
l ch quy c v tnh ng sai ca mnh ko theo m thi
Like 2peoplelikethis.Bethefirstofyourfriends.

15.8.14

Hiu ton hc

Vit bi cng blog bng cch lin h dinhanhthimail@gmail.com.

Dinh Anh Thi : Tc gi blog, xut thn l sinh vin s phm ton, hin ang l nghin
cu sinh v Ton ng dng ti Php. Chnh v nim am m Ton hc, tin hc ng dng
v qua trng lp s phm nn Thi rt quan tm n vic ng dng Ton hc, Tin hc
vo trong cuc sng thc t cng nh vic truyn t kin thc Ton cho hc sinh theo
mt phung php hin i v tch cc nht, gy hng th v hiu su cho ngi hc,
ngi c ni chung. Mi chi tit xin lin h dinhanhthimail@gmail.com. Blog c nhn
Anh Thi blog.

8Comments

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Jointhediscussion
noname 5monthsago

Trongtonhcngitakhngaiiquyciucthchngminhc.Vycuhitisao
nhtrnthy"chngminh"lhpl,saocnhnkhngdngmiquyc?Phichng
husinhkhy?trliccvnnytixinmnmviyutsau:
Luy,utinngitanhngha$a^n=a.a....a$,\foralln\inN=\{1,2,3,...\}$.
Sau,dthyctnhcht$a^{m+n}=a^ma^n$,$\frac{a^m}{a^n}=a^{mn},\forallm>n,m,n
\inN$.Gingitathyhnhnhctnhchtgchosmm,nghal$a^{n}=\frac{1}
{a^n}$,iunycngtngtnh$a^{0n}=\frac{1}{a^n}$.Hay$a^0=1$.Nncuhitra
lngitasthmmt"tin"lhinnhin$a^{n}=\frac{1}{a^n}$c$a^0=1$hay
ngcli?Vthitnghkhngpgbngichnthanhnmtthnginnhtmmi
ngithyhplchngminhiuphctphn.cnghpvilogiccaphttrin,
khngaiixyciluitottchngminhmtmichicthtrma?Domicvic

http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/08/quyuoctrongtoanhoc.html

3/10

1/15/2015

Quyctrongtonhc?|Math2IT

khngaiixyciluitottchngminhmtmichicthtrma?Domicvic
lachn$a^0=1$sauxydngvmrngcutrciscaphptnhlythasang
chosm.
Tmli,ccbiuthcmccbngilchngminhcho$a^0=1$trnchlingcli
viconngcaphttrincaphptnhlytha.Trongkhingitathanhniunh
b$a^0=1$,maicngcththynhpl,xydngphplythachosm.
Chcccbnhctt.
1

Reply Share

inhAnhThi

Mod >noname

5monthsago

bnning,cicchchngminhgingnhkiulycub)chngminhcua)
trong1cuhivy.Tuynhinnhtcgibivitcp,quyctuyddng
nhngphiphhpvilogictonhc,cthlcucngcngiquyca^0=2
hongchng,nhngquaqutrnhsuylunlogicvthcttonhc,cibloitr.
Vilia^0=1kophiaicngcththylnngu,bnthhihsbygiv
nhngngikochuyntonxemhbittisaohem,tinchmangtml"chp
nhn"lchnhthi:)

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noname>inhAnhThi 5monthsago

Nhni,bnthna^0=1lchpnhn.tmrngphptnhly
thavncnngchosmm.Dohcsinhchpnhna^0=1lhin
nhinm?

Reply Share

inhAnhThi

Mod >noname

5monthsago

hinnhinvingithythi,cnhcsinhthchngchpnhntheokiu
vt,mnhnilth.nhiukhimnhdychnga^0=2chngcngko
nig,trnhngacbitrc,nhngathngminh.
PS.saukhickcommentcabn,mnhhiuthmcabnri,chc
bncngchahiumnh,mnhkonila^0cthchngminhc,
mnchmangtnhhpltonhcmthi.ivinhngngitip
xcton,c2kiuchpnhn,1lchpnhnkiuvt,2lchpnhn
dicchhiucalogictonhc.

Reply Share

noname>inhAnhThi 5monthsago

Kohpllm:Nhvi5tinclic,chngtachpnhnn,xy
dngnnhnhhcclic.Gibo2ngthngsongsongkoctnhau
clogicko,haychpnhnvt?th...khmnic.Nunhdng
nhngtnhchthnhhcbnbitsauny,nilnlogic,thelhi
khngcngbng,binhngcisaunylcsinhratmcan,
nhngtincchpnhntrc.
rimicchuynmtanhchngkhckinquytkochuchpnhn
tinsongsong,ngtaningclinctnhau,nunilogicthta
thyisaomlonydhmth,haingsongsongrinhaurrng
koctnhaumhnboctnhiulngkhc,cuicnglisinhrahnh
http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/08/quyuoctrongtoanhoc.html

4/10

1/15/2015

Quyctrongtonhc?|Math2IT

koctnhaumhnboctnhiulngkhc,cuicnglisinhrahnh
hcPhiclicmnhtnhngdngcanliykhoahcconngi
rangoikhnggian?
Vyclchpnhnvthaykhngvtliukhmlunbn,tanhn
vothyncvhpl(kocnghallogic)tachpnhnnhnng
xydngnnnhngcngtrnhkhcbngccphpsuylunlogic.Do
niashcsinhchpnhnvttherngnhnxtcphntiucc.
:D

Reply Share

inhAnhThi

Mod >noname

5monthsago

Hnhnhchngtaangivotranhcicphnvlthphi.Trckhi
trlitipxinhibnclgiovinkhngvy?Tichngigiovin
mibitlhcsinhchpnhnvtlnhthno.Mnhnithkhi
chngtadychohctr,cgng(mnhchnicgng)llmsaocho
chnghiubnchtvntrong1chngmcno.Vaphnkin
thctonngynaydychohctrkophivtlg?Chngbaogicng
canhcnhtrongu1cuhi"hcchi?hcthi?"Ci"tiucc"bn
nikodnhchohsmdnhchosgiodchs,dnhchochngta
chngtartkinhnghim.
BnvdvtinphiEuclidelngnhngnhmnhni,chngtac
quyngis,cquyn"chpnhnvtiv"nhbnni,ok,nutch
a^0=2mbncthra1ngnhmi(gidnh"philytha"hayg)
mnctnhllunthctinthvnok.Cimnhnillogictrong
nhnggcphthinvconngichpnhntingyhmnay.
Xinnhcli,bnthntonhckophilthconngitora(tchng
ta"chpnhn"tchngtachonlphilcnocngclsai)mn
gnglinvinhucuvthctin.:D

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noname>inhAnhThi 5monthsago

Phichngbnanglycingcphasauangcnicitrc
mtchngtamic?Xinhillythasm,lcictrcly
tha0,haythanhnmtcchhpllytha0mrngralytha
sm?,Nulmrcvn,tashiuciumnhangni
ylg.
Mnhkonibthcsinhchpnhnmith,nhnglgiovincngnn
hiutrnhtcakinthchcsinhchc.Nghalchabitnhng
cisaulghtro,conngitamimmmi,nhngha,ripht
trinnramtcchtnhin.Donuko"vt"chpnhna^0=1th
ccmycisaunychochngtahcko?Vybnchorngttin
cng"vt"ccthngyhmnay?

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inhAnhThi
http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/08/quyuoctrongtoanhoc.html

Mod >noname

5monthsago
5/10

1/15/2015

Quyctrongtonhc?|Math2IT

Rrngmnhngvibnngitacnbitcilythamlgnn
ngitaminhnghalytha0trc.
Vhshcdatrnnhnglthuytcchngminhlngnnti
nantmthahm"vt".Chkutonhcbnthnnvtmraci
mithcoichngkon.Vtphivttheokiunona,vttheokiu
Euclideldatrnciclcatnhin.Chkophivttheokiu"i,
bitonnykhqu,tavticigithitnyirichngminhtip",
saingaycigcthlmsaongktquc?
Ttincngvtsainhiulmchkophitu,maymnthaysau
nyngitakpphthin.
Cngnhmnh(dnton)anghcgiitchs,cnglptrnhmphng
1hintngcatnhin.Titinhccnglptrnhnhvy.Tinra1
biu,mnhcngrabiu.Cikhccbnca2bnchnhltin
koclluntonhcchngminhccphngtrnhvmhnhcati
nlng.Rtnhiubibokhoahccng"gis"choranhiu
ktqunhngsaunyhcngphthinracigischathts
ng.Thmchhctnhgiskothctgiinhngbitonn
gintrcdbitrngnsai.vttheokiucatitinthnguyhimlm,
sai1lii1dm.

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inhAnhThia,mnhvnthynhcabn

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Quyctrongtonhc?|Math2IT

Bi lin quan
Tuyn tp cc eBooks hiu thm
v th gii ton hc k th (cp
nht ngy 10/12/2014)
Tnh hp l ca nghim h
phung trnh v khi nim
'condition number' ca mt ma trn (k
1)
vui: Anh chng chy xe (p
n)
Cc website hay dnh cho vic
hiu ngha thc tin ca ton
hc (update 12/9/2014)
Hiu v khi nim 'gii hn' trong
ton hc (k 2)

Gii thiu
Math2IT l chuyn trang v Ton hc
+ Gio dc v Cng ngh. Mong
mun chia s tri thc v kht khao i
mi nn gio dc nc nh. c
thm.

Theo di chng ti
Math2ITTon&Tin
Like 1,461

+38 xut url ny trn Google

Nhiu nht 7 ngy qua

Nhng cch v hnh chnh xc bng
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1/15/2015

Quyctrongtonhc?|Math2IT

thc k v compa

Nhng vic cn lm sau khi ci

Ubuntu 14.04 v mt s phin
bn khc
Nhng phn mm nn ci cho
Ubuntu, Elementary OS, Linux
Son tho ton hc trong LaTeX
(k 1)
WolframAlpha : gii ton theo
tng bc
Tng hp nhng vic cn lm
sau khi ci Windows c mt
chic my tnh y mnh m
Ti liu tham kho dnh cho i
tng t hc LaTeX (cp nht
ngy 6/11/14)

Bi ngu nhin
Nhng bi vit ang trong giai
on hon tt
[TeXTips] Thm t kha gi lc
g trong TeXMaker
Nhng li LaTeX thng gp
nht
vui: Anh chng chy xe (p
n)
Chuyn file hnh trong Matlab
sang code hnh v trong LaTeX

Nhiu nht 30 ngy qua

Nhng cch v hnh chnh xc
bng thc k v compa
Nhng vic cn lm sau khi ci
Ubuntu 14.04 v mt s phin
http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/08/quyuoctrongtoanhoc.html

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1/15/2015

Quyctrongtonhc?|Math2IT

bn khc
Nhng phn mm nn ci cho
Ubuntu, Elementary OS, Linux
Ti liu tham kho dnh cho i
tng t hc LaTeX (cp nht
ngy 6/11/14)
Son tho ton hc trong LaTeX
(k 1)
WolframAlpha : gii ton theo
tng bc

Google+
Math2IT
Theo di
+ 38

Lt xem
111191

Nhn xt mi
Ti liu min ph
bn c th cho mnh xin link face ca
bn.. mnh c th trao i trc tip vi
bn.. bn gip...
To phn trang c nh s cho blogger2 hours ago

inh Anh Thi

a, mnh thy n khi n lch th mi p
m bn, khi y th cc bi n "kht" li
c vi nhau...
To phn trang c nh s cho blogger3 hours ago

Ti liu min ph
Bn inh Anh Thi cho mnh hi thm ci
http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/08/quyuoctrongtoanhoc.html

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Quyctrongtonhc?|Math2IT

ny na nh !! hjhj trn trang ch blog

bi ng n c b...
To phn trang c nh s cho blogger12 hours
ago

inh Anh Thi

Hix, mnh cng nh mua n bn, mnh
khng r bn i, thng th bn nn hi
cng ty bn tn min...
To phn trang c nh s cho blogger1 day ago

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