1/15/2015

Tisaotiptuyncathhmslilinquannohmbcnht?|Math2IT

Math2IT
Ti sao tip tuyn ca th hm s li lin quan
n o hm bc nht?
Dinh Anh Thi |

28.6.14 |

Hiu ton hc | Ton | Ton s cp |

Like

21

a phn bn hc v tip tuyn l chp nhn v cng thc lm bi tp v khng hoc cha
hiu c t u n li c nh vy. Bi vit hy vng mt phn no gii thch c mi lin h
gia tip tuyn th hm s vi o hm trong cng thc tip tuyn.
Trc tin bn cn hiu r (r theo cch ca "Hiu ton hc") o hm bc nht l g? (blog s
cp nht sau)
Tip n bn cn bit nh ngha th no l tip tuyn ca th hm s ti mt im. Blog cha
TRANG
LATEXngTON
X trong
CNTT
TRI THC
cp
nhtCH
nh ngha
tng cuLINUX
tng chOS
nh
SGK ca
bntm
ang hc nhng c th hiu
nh
sau: MATH2IT
KHC

nh ngha
Tip tuyn ca th mt hm s ti mt im l mt ng thng tip xc vi th hm s
ti im .
V cng thc xc nh tip tuyn vi th hm s ti mt im
nh sau

y = f (x 0 )(x x 0 ) + y

http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/01/taisaotieptuyencuaothihamsolai.html

M (x 0 ; y )
0

c xc nh

(1)
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1/15/2015

Tisaotiptuyncathhmslilinquannohmbcnht?|Math2IT

Trong cng thc trn, ta thy rng o hm bc nht ca hm s ti honh ca im, f

chnh l h s gc ca tip tuyn. Th nhng h s gc l g? Xem bn di nh:

(x 0 )

nh ngha
H s gc cua ng thng y = ax + b vi a 0 l h s cua gc tao thnh khi ng thng
ct truc honh x Ox tai mt honh
v hp vi truc tung y Oy tao thnh mt gc.
V a cua thi hm s lin quan ti gc ny nn a c goi l h s gc cua ng thng
y = ax + b.
Khi a

> 0

th gc tao thnh l gc nhon v nm bn tri truc tung Oy.

Khi a

< 0

th gc tao thnh l mt gc t v nm bn phai truc tung Oy.

Khi a

= 0

ta khng c h s gc v lc ny ng thng se song song vi truc honh.

Nu c iu kin, blog s post mt bi chi tit v h s gc ny, cng di dng "hiu ton hc".
OK, mi chun b gn nh hon tt, by gi bn bt u i vo vn chnh: Ti sao trong
cng thc tip tuyn li xut hin o hm bc nht? Hay c th hn ti sao h s gc ca tip

tuyn li l f (x 0 ) ?
By gi ta xt mt ct tuyn bt k ca hm s y = f (x) i qua im M (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) v im
N (x 0 + h; f (x 0 + h)) nh hnh v bn di (Xin li cc bn v tm thi blog s dng hnh nh
t mt trang khc nn c th chi tit khng tht chnh xc). Khi y 2 giao im ca ct tuyn vi
Ln
u trang
th hm s s c honh cch nhau mt khong h (t x
0 n x 0 + h ).

Ta gi s phng trnh ct tuyn ca n c dng:

y = ax + b

Do (d) i qua c M (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) ln N (x 0

gi l ng (d)

+ h; f (x 0 + h))

http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/01/taisaotieptuyencuaothihamsolai.html
f( 0 ) = a 0 + b

nn:
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1/15/2015

Tisaotiptuyncathhmslilinquannohmbcnht?|Math2IT
f (x 0 ) = ax 0 + b

(do i qua M )

f (x 0 + h) = a(x 0 + h) + b

(do i qua N )

ng qu ngc nhin ti sao li c 2 ci trn, v bn ch vic th M , N v phng trnh ng (d)

l ra ngay. Tip tc, ly v tr v, ta suy ra h s gc ca ng (d) khi y s c tnh thng qua:

a =

f (x 0 + h) f (x 0 )
(x 0 + h) x 0

f (x 0 + h) f (x 0 )
h

(3)

Bn hy tr li cho mnh bit l khi no ct tuyn y tr thnh tip tuyn ca

th hm s? Hay mt cu hi c th hn, h bng bao nhiu th ct tuyn thnh
tip tuyn? Hy suy ngh cu tr li ny ri hy c tip.

Th tng tng ct tuyn ca chng ta b ng 1 cy inh ngay ti im M , u cn li ca ct

tuyn l c th di chuyn c v bn dng tay ca mnh cm 1 u ko ct tuyn ln hoc
xung nhng vn m bo l khng ra ngoi th hm s. Khi y khong cch gia 2 giao im
c cn l h na khng? Tt nhin l khng ri, khi y khong cch gia chng c th l h hoc

h
nh hnh bn di. (h < h < h )

Bn c rng khi khong cch h ca chng ta cng nh li (h tin v 0) th kh nng ct tuyn

tr thnh tip tuyn cng ln thm v n s l tip tuyn khi h = 0? Vng, y chnh l cu tr
li cho cu hi nh pha trn. Nu kh tng tng, bn c th xem hnh bn di.

http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/01/taisaotieptuyencuaothihamsolai.html

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1/15/2015

Tisaotiptuyncathhmslilinquannohmbcnht?|Math2IT

Nh vy bn rt ra c kt lun l khi h 0 th ct tuyn s thnh tip tuyn v tnh h

s gc ca tip tuyn ta ch vic da vo cng thc (3). Hay ni cch khc, t (3), nu cho h 0
bn s c c h s gc ca tip tuyn th hm s ti im M :

lim h0

f (x 0 + h) f (x 0 )
h

Nhn vo cng thc trn bn c thy quen? Vng, chnh l o hm ca hm s y

im c honh x

= x0

hay f

(x 0 )

= f (x)

ti

Like 21peoplelikethis.Bethefirstofyourfriends.

28.6.14

Hiu ton hc, Ton, Ton s cp

Vit bi cng blog bng cch lin h dinhanhthimail@gmail.com.

Dinh Anh Thi : Tc gi blog, xut thn l sinh vin s phm ton, hin ang l nghin
cu sinh v Ton ng dng ti Php. Chnh v nim am m Ton hc, tin hc ng dng
v qua trng lp s phm nn Thi rt quan tm n vic ng dng Ton hc, Tin hc
vo trong cuc sng thc t cng nh vic truyn t kin thc Ton cho hc sinh theo
mt phung php hin i v tch cc nht, gy hng th v hiu su cho ngi hc,
ngi c ni chung. Mi chi tit xin lin h dinhanhthimail@gmail.com. Blog c nhn
Anh Thi blog.

http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/01/taisaotieptuyencuaothihamsolai.html

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1/15/2015

Tisaotiptuyncathhmslilinquannohmbcnht?|Math2IT

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Bi ng Mi hn

Bi ng C hn

Bi lin quan
Cc website hay dnh cho vic
hiu ngha thc tin ca ton
hc (update 12/9/2014)
Gii ton theo tng bc vi
trang web CyMath.Com v
http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/01/taisaotieptuyencuaothihamsolai.html

5/9

1/15/2015

Tisaotiptuyncathhmslilinquannohmbcnht?|Math2IT

Symbolab.Com
Tuyn tp cc eBooks hiu thm
v th gii ton hc k th (cp
nht ngy 10/12/2014)
Tnh hp l ca nghim h
phung trnh v khi nim
'condition number' ca mt ma trn (k
1)
vui: Anh chng chy xe (p
n)

Gii thiu
Math2IT l chuyn trang v Ton hc
+ Gio dc v Cng ngh. Mong
mun chia s tri thc v kht khao i
mi nn gio dc nc nh. c
thm.

Theo di chng ti
Math2ITTon&Tin
Like 1,461

+38 xut url ny trn Google

Nhiu nht 7 ngy qua

Nhng cch v hnh chnh xc
bng thc k v compa
Nhng vic cn lm sau khi ci
Ubuntu 14.04 v mt s phin
bn khc
Nhng phn mm nn ci cho
Ubuntu, Elementary OS, Linux
Son tho ton hc trong LaTeX
(k 1)
http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/01/taisaotieptuyencuaothihamsolai.html

6/9

1/15/2015

Tisaotiptuyncathhmslilinquannohmbcnht?|Math2IT

WolframAlpha : gii ton theo

tng bc
Tng hp nhng vic cn lm
sau khi ci Windows c mt
chic my tnh y mnh m
Ti liu tham kho dnh cho i
tng t hc LaTeX (cp nht
ngy 6/11/14)

Bi ngu nhin
Ngui Nepal dy ting Anh

Hng dn n i thng bo
'Show all posts with label' mi
khi nhn vo label trong Blogger
Nu bn mun theo ui uc
m ln nht i mnh, hy ni
khng vi tt c nhng uc m
khc
Hng dn ci t phn mm
tnh ton Maple trn Linux
Hng dn ci v s dng phn
mm v hnh xfig vi LaTeX
trong Linux

Nhiu nht 30 ngy qua

Nhng cch v hnh chnh xc
bng thc k v compa
Nhng vic cn lm sau khi ci
Ubuntu 14.04 v mt s phin
bn khc
Nhng phn mm nn ci cho
Ubuntu, Elementary OS, Linux
Ti liu tham kho dnh cho i
tng t hc LaTeX (cp nht
ngy 6/11/14)
http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/01/taisaotieptuyencuaothihamsolai.html

7/9

1/15/2015

Tisaotiptuyncathhmslilinquannohmbcnht?|Math2IT

Son tho ton hc trong LaTeX

(k 1)
WolframAlpha : gii ton theo
tng bc

Google+
Math2IT
Theo di
+ 38

Lt xem
111191

Nhn xt mi
Ti liu min ph
bn c th cho mnh xin link face ca
bn.. mnh c th trao i trc tip vi
bn.. bn gip...
To phn trang c nh s cho blogger2 hours ago

inh Anh Thi

a, mnh thy n khi n lch th mi p
m bn, khi y th cc bi n "kht" li
c vi nhau...
To phn trang c nh s cho blogger3 hours ago

Ti liu min ph
Bn inh Anh Thi cho mnh hi thm ci
ny na nh !! hjhj trn trang ch blog
bi ng n c b...
To phn trang c nh s cho blogger12 hours
ago

inh Anh Thi

Hix, mnh cng nh mua n bn, mnh
http://math2it.blogspot.fr/2014/01/taisaotieptuyencuaothihamsolai.html

8/9

1/15/2015

Tisaotiptuyncathhmslilinquannohmbcnht?|Math2IT

khng r bn i, thng th bn nn hi
cng ty bn tn min...
To phn trang c nh s cho blogger1 day ago

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