- Qun th l 1 nhm cng loi, cng 1 thi gian, giao phi to i con

- Qun x l tp hp cc qun th sv khc loi sng trong 1 khng gian.

- H sinh thi l tp hp cc qun x vi mt v sinh.
I. Qun th:
1. Mi quan h
- Quan h h tr
- Quan h cnh tranh (1)
- K sinh cng loi
(2)
- n tht ng loi
(3)
(1)(2)(3) ko ph bin, ko dn n tiu dit loi m gip cho loi tn ti
v phat trin
2. c trng
- S phn b
+ Phn b u: t gp, mt ng nht
+ Ngu nhin: t gp, mt ng nht, c th ko t hp (g rng nhit i)
+ Nhm (im): Ph bin, mt ko ng nht, thch t hp
- Cu trc qun th
+ gii tnh
+ Tui: Th sinh l [sinh, cht gi]; Th sinh thi [sinh, cht #]; Tui
qun th [Trung bnh 2 ci kia ca qun th]
- Kch thc qun th
+ Ti thiu: s c th t nht m bo duy tr ni ging
+ Ti a: Nhiu nht c th, cn bng vi sc cha mt
+ S tng trng kch thc qun th ph thuc (mc sinh sn, t vong,
nhp c, xut c)
+ Tng trng mc l tng: mc sinh sn max, t vong min, J
+ Tng trng mc ko l tng: ban u tng chm (do kch thc qt
nh) Sau tng nhanh, ri chm dn, n nh, S

- Khi t n kch thc Max: S lng c th dao ng quanh vtcb

-