THI CHN HC SINH GII LP 12

S GD&T BC NINH
TRNG THPT L THI T

Nm hc 2014 2015
Mn: Ho hc
Ngy thi: 14/09/2014
Thi gian lm bi 150 pht

Cu 1: (6,0 im).
1. Kh A khng mu c mi c trng, khi chy trong kh oxi to nn kh B khng
mu, khng mi. Kh B c th tc dng vi liti kim loi nhit thng to ra cht rn
C. Ho tan cht rn C vo nc c kh A. Kh A tc dng axit mnh D to ra mui E.
Dung dch mui E khng to kt ta vi bari clorua v bc nitrat. Nung mui E trong
bnh kn sau lm lnh bnh thu c kh F v cht lng G. Xc nh cc cht A, B, C,
D, E, F, G v vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
2. a) Cho dung dch H2O2 tc dng vi dung dch KNO2, Ag2O, dung dch
KMnO4/H2SO4 long, PbS. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b) Nu phng php iu ch Si trong cng nghip v trong phng th nghim.
Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
c) - Tinh ch kh NH3 c ln kh N2, H2.
- Tinh ch NaCl c ln Na2HPO4, Na2SO4

3. A, B, C, D, E, F l cc hp cht c oxi ca nguyn t X v khi cho tc dng vi

NaOH u to ra cht Z v H2O. X c tng s ht proton v ntron b hn 35, c tng s
oxi ha dng cc i v 2 ln s oxi ha m l -1. Hy lp lun tm cc cht trn v
vit phng trnh phn ng. Bit rng dung dch mi cht A, B, C trong dung mi nc
lm qu tm ha . Dung dch E, F phn ng c vi dung dch axit mnh v baz
mnh.
Cu 2: (6,0 im).
1/ T naphtalen v cc cht v c cn thit, vit phng trnh chuyn ho thnh axit
phtalic. Ghi r iu kin nu c.
2/ Oxi ho khng hon ton etilenglicol thu c hn hp 5 hp cht hu c cng s
nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Hy vit cng thc cu to ca 5 cht v sp xp theo
th t tng dn nhit si. Gii thch ngn gn.
3/ Hon thnh s chuyn ha sau:
PO
HCl
,t C D
A B KMnO
G.
Bit G c cng thc phn t C12O9. A l but-2-in.
4/ Anken A c cng thc phn t l C6H12 c ng phn hnh hc, khi tc dng vi
dung dch Brom cho hp cht ibrom B. Cho B tc dng vi KOH trong ancol un nng,
thu c ankaien C v mt ankin D. Khi C b oxi ho bi dung dch KMnO 4/H2SO4 v
un nng thu c axit axetic v CO2
a/ Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn A, C, D. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc
phn ng xy ra.
b/ Vit cc ng phn hnh hc ca C.
xt ,t 0

2 5

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Cu 3: (3,0 im).
Cho 3,58 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Cu vo 200 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Khi
phn ng hon ton c dung dch A v cht rn B. Nung B trong khng kh nhit
cao n phn ng hon ton thu c 6,4 gam cht rn. Cho A tc dng dung dch NH 3
d, lc kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 2,62 gam cht
rn D.
1/ Tnh phn trm khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u.
2/ Ho tan hon ton 3,58 gam hn hp X vo 250 ml dung dch HNO 3 a (mol/l)
c dung dch E v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Dung dch E tc dng va ht vi
0,88 gam bt ng. Tnh a.
Cu 4: (5,0 im).
1. Hp cht hu c A (cha 3 nguyn t C, H, O) ch cha mt loi nhm chc. Cho
0,005 mol cht A tc dng va vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH (khi lng ring 1,2 g/ml)
thu c dung dch B. Lm bay hi dung dch B thu c 59,49 gam hi nc v cn li
1,48 gam hn hp cc cht rn khan D. Nu t chy hon ton cht rn D thu c
0,795 gam Na2CO3; 0,952 lt CO2 (ktc) v 0,495 gam H2O. Nu cho hn hp cht rn D
tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d, ri chng ct th c 3 cht hu c X, Y, Z ch
cha cc nguyn t C, H, O. Bit X, Y l 2 axit hu c n chc. Z tc dng vi dung
dch Br2 to ra sn phm Z c khi lng phn t ln hn Z l 237u v M Z < 125 u. Xc
nh cng thc cu to ca A, X, Y, Z, Z.
2. Cho hn hp A gm 3 hirocacbon X, Y, Z thuc 3 dy ng ng khc nhau, hn
hp B gm O2 v O3. Trn A v B theo t l th tch tng ng l 1,5 : 3,2 ri t chy hon
ton thu c hn hp ch gm CO 2 v hi H2O theo t l th tch l 1,3 : 1,2. Bit t khi
ca kh B i vi hiro l 19. Tnh t khi ca kh A i vi hiro?
----------------------------------------------HT------------------------------------------------( thi gm 02 trang)
Cho: C = 12; O = 16; H = 1; Ag = 108; Na = 23; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; N = 14; Br = 80;
Cu = 64; Ca = 40; P = 31; Si = 28; S = 32; Ba = 137; Al = 27; Fe = 56; Zn = 65;
Li = 7; Rb = 85; Cs = 133.
- Hc sinh khng c dng bng HTTH.
- Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.

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S GD&T BC NINH
TRNG THPT L THI T

HNG DN CHM THI CHN HSG LP 12

Nm hc 2014 2015
Mn: Ho hc
Ngy thi: 14/09/2014
Thi gian lm bi 150 pht

3/2

Cu

Cu 1.
1
2
(6,0
)

Ni dung cn t
Lp lun a ra: kh A l NH3. Kh B l N2. Cht rn C l
Li3N. Axit D l HNO3. Mui E l
NH4NO3. .................................................................
Vit cc phng trnh ho hc xy ra: (Mi pt 0,25x5=1,25 )
4NH3 + 3O2 t N2 + 6H2O.
N2 + Li
Li3N.
Li3N + 3H2O
NH3 + 3LiOH
NH3 + HNO3
NH4NO3.
NH4NO3
N2O + H2O.

im
0,75

2
2

3
2

a. Phng trnh ho hc xy ra: (Mi phng trnh 0,25 x 4

pt =1,0 )
H2O2 + KNO2
KNO3 + H2O.
H2O2 + Ag2O
2Ag+ O2 + H2O.
5H2O2 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4
5O2 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4+
8H2O.
4H2O2 + PbS
PbSO4 + 4H2O.
b. iu ch Si trong CN: dng than cc kh SiO 2 trong l
in:
SiO2
+
2C

Si
+
2CO....................................................................
iu ch Si trong phng th nghim: Nung Mg vi SiO2:
SiO2
+
Mg

Si
+
MgO......................................................................
c. - Dn hn hp (NH3, H2, N2) qua dung dch axit (VD: dd
HCl), NH3 b gi li. Tip n cho dung dch baz d (VD dd
Ca(OH)2) v un nng nh, kh thot ra cho i qua ng ng CaO
d s thu c NH3 kh
NH3 + H+ NH4+
NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
Tinh ch NaCl c ln Na2HPO4 v Na2SO4
Cho hn hp vo dung dch BaCl2 d
Na2HPO4 + BaCl2 2 NaCl + BaHPO4
Na2SO4 + BaCl2 2NaCl + BaSO4
lc b kt ta, dung dch thu c cho vo bnh cha Na2CO3 d
BaCl2 + Na2CO3 2 NaCl + BaCO3
lc b kt ta, thm lng d dung dch HCl vo dung dch thu
c, sau c cn ri nung nng nh thu c NaCl khan.
Xc nh X: p+n <35 X thuc chu k 2 hoc 3.
Gi x l s oxi ha dng cc i ca X; y l s oxi ha m ca
X.
x+ y = 8
x=5

x + 2 (-y) = -1
y=3
X l phi kim thuc nhm VA X ch c th l N hoc P.
.........................................................................................................
..............
Xc nh A, B, C, D, E, F.
- A, B, C l axit v lm qu tm ha .

1,25
1,0

0,25
0,25

0,25

0,25

0,5
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Ghi ch: Hc sinh lm theo phng php khc, nu ng vn cho im ti a ng vi

mi phn.

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