TI LIU LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Email: info@lopthietkedien.com

GIM ST THI CNG V NGHIM THU

CNG TC LP T IN
1. Nhng vn chung v h thng in trong cng trnh dn dng :
H thng in trong nh v nh dn dng thng bao gm cc thnh t
sau y:
- Ngun cung cp in
- Cc thit b qun l v iu hnh h thng in
- Mng li dy dn in
- Cc dng ph ti tiu th in ngoi nh , trong nh
- Mng tip a
Trong vic phi hp tin th ngay t khi xy dng mng cn c mt
ca nhng ngi xy lp in. Trong qu trnh lm cp pha mng , c nhng ng
cp xuyn qua mng cn c b tr nhng ng qua dm mng. Nhng ng lun
cp phi c t vo mng trc khi b tng . Trc khi lp t vo mng ,
nhng ng cp, ng dy tip a phi t xong trong lng nh.
Cn n c nhng ngi tin hnh xy lp in thc hin cc cng vic v
in nm trong phn ngm cng trnh . Khi cha kim tra v k bin bn nghim
thu cng trnh khut bao gm c cng tc xy dng in, li chng st th cha lp
t mng .
Trnh t hp l vi h thng in l cng trnh , hng mc xa cn
thi cng trc . Th d nh h cung cp ngun thng c cp im u xa cng
trng, cn phi xy dng tuyn ti ngun n cng trng. Tip l xy dng
trm bin p cung cp . Mng dn in vo tng hng mc xy dng s thi cng sau
khi o t lm phn ngm xong v trc khi b tng mng v lp t mng . S
phi hp trong trnh t thi cng nhm trnh c o sau khi lm phn ngm v
trnh o bi sau khi lp t.
Nhng tiu ch cn lu tm khi kim tra cht lng phn xy v lp h
thng in cho cng trnh dn dng nh sau :
* Kim tra v thm nh cc tiu ch ca vt liu v thit b da vo yu cu
k thut trong thit k v catalogues .
* Kim tra v tr lp t

TI LIU LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Email: info@lopthietkedien.com
* Kim tra s gn kt ca vt liu v thit b vo v tr v cc dng c neo
gi.
* Kim tra mc cch in v dn in v nhy vn hnh ca thit b in.
* Kim tra cc yu cu ca phn xy i km phn lp.
* Vn hnh th nghim v cc tiu ch , ch cn t khi vn hnh.
2. Mng li dy dn in :
C s kim tra v nghim thu mng li dy in trong xy dng dn
dng v nh l cc yu c ghi trong iu kin k thut thi cng h thng in
trong b H s mi thu v TCXD 25 : 1991 : t ng dn in trong nh v
nh cng cng . Tiu chun thit k.
Qu trnh xy lp in , t vn bo m cht lng phi chng kin vic thi
cng ca nh thu lp in . Phi i chiu vi thit k kim tra vt liu in v
sau ny nhng vt liu in ny phn ln b chn lp di t hay nm bn trong
lp va.
Dy dn in c la chn theo dng in m dy phi ti , mc an
ton m li phi tho mn , vt ti kh d c th xy ra , cch in phi
m bo , s chu lc c hc m dy phi chu trong qu trnh lp t v s dng .
Quan h gia nhit v cng dng in ti c phn nh qua tit din
dy.
C quan t vn thit k in gip ch u t lp bn thit k cung cp
in bao gm cung cp ngun in , mng li dy , cc trang thit b in n tng
ph ti . Nhng iu lu khi kim tra l s m bo tun theo ng thit k hoc
khi thay i ti ch phi m bo cc tiu ch s dng c ra khi thit k.
Thng thng cn i chiu gia s la chn ca thit k ban u v khi thay th .
Mun vy , cn d liu so snh . Sau u l nhng d liu c bn quyt nh
khi la chn :
Dng in lin tc cho php ln nht ca dy dn rut ng c cch
in bng v cao su , nha tng hp khi nhit khng kh l 25oC.

Tit din rut

dy dn ( mm2)

0,5
0,75
1
1,5
2,5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120

Dng in lin
tc ln nht cho
php (A)

6
6
6
10
15
25
35
60
90
125
150
190
240
290
340

Dng in nh mc ca dy chy
cu ch ( A )
Dy chiu sng,dy chnh , dy
nhnh trong nh
6
10
15
25
35
60
80
100
125
160
200
225
260

TI LIU LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Email: info@lopthietkedien.com
Dng in lin tc cho php ln nht ca dy dn rut nhm cch in
bng v cao su t trong nh nhit khng kh mi trng 25oC.

Tit din rut

dy dn ( mm2)

4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150

Dng in lin
tc ln nht cho
php (A)

Dng in nh mc ca dy
chy cu ch ( A )
Dy chiu sng,dy chnh , dy
nhnh trong nh

19
27
45
70
95
115
145
185
225
260
300

20
25
35
60
80
100
125
160
200
225
260

Dng in lin tc cho php ln nht ca dy dn rut ng c cch

in bng v cao su , nha tng hp t trong ng khi nhit khng kh l
25oC.

Tit din rut

dy dn ( mm2)

1
1,5
2,5
4
6
10
16
22,5
35
50
70
95
120

Dng in lin tc cho php ln nht

(A)
Trong
Trong
Trong
ng c 2
ng c 3
ng c 4
dy dn
dy dn
dy dn
6
6
6
10
10
10
15
15
15
25
25
25
35
35
35
60
55
45
75
70
65
100
90
80
120
110
100
165
150
135
200
185
165
245
225
200
280
255
230

Dng in
nh mc ca
dy chy cu
ch (A)
Dng trong
nh
6
10
15
20
25
35
60
80
100
125
160
200
230

TI LIU LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Email: info@lopthietkedien.com
Dng in lin tc cho php ln nht ca dy dn rut nhm cch in
bng v cao su t trong ng nhit khng kh mi trng 25oC.

Dng in lin tc cho php ln nht

(A)
Tit din rut
dy dn ( mm2)

4
6
10
16
25
35
60
70
90
120
150

Trong
ng c 2
dy dn
19
27
46
57
75
90
125
155
190
215
245

Trong ng
c 3 dy
dn
19
28
42
54
70
85
115
145
175
195
225

Trong ng
c 4 dy
dn
20
27
35
50
60
75
105
125
155
175
200

Dng in
nh mc
ca dy
chy cu
ch (A)
Dng trong
nh
20
25
35
35
60
60
100
125
160
160
200

Khi s lng dy ti in nhiu hn s qui nh trn cc bng nu trn th

iu chnh bng cc h s gim cng dng in theo cc h s:
* Nu 5~6 dy trong mt ng , h s gim cng l 0,68
* Nu 7~9 dy trong mt ng th h s gim cng l 0,63
* Nu 10 ~12 dy trong mt ng th h s gim cng l 0,60.
bo m bn c hc tit din ca dy dn v dy cp khng c
chn nh hn s liu trong bng sau y:
Chn dy c tit din cho php nh nht theo iu kin bn c hc
Tit din nh nht ( mm2)
Loi dy dn

1. Dy dn chung cp in n chiu sng c

nh trong nh
2. Dy dn n chiu sng ngoi nh
3. Dy mm cp in cc thit b trong nh,
n treo, n bn , n di ng
4. Dy mm c cch in t trn cc vt
cch in, khong cch vt nh hn 1
mt khi :
* t trn kp s
* t trn tr s
5. Dy dn hai rut xon, mi rut c nhiu
si t trn cc vt cch in t cch nhau

ng

Nhm

0,5
1,0

0,75

1
1,5

2,5
2,5

TI LIU LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Email: info@lopthietkedien.com
khng qu 0,80 mt.
6. Dy dn cch in trn vt cch in
trong nh m khong cch vt nh sau:
* t 1 ~ 2 mt
* t 2 ~ 6 mt
* t 6 ~ 12 mt
* t 12 mt tr ln
7. Dy dn c cch in c bo v v dy
dn c cch in t theo b mt ngoi
cng trnh
- Cc trng hp khc
8. Dy dn c cch in t trong ng
9. Dy dn cch in c bo v t trong ng

0,75

1,5
2,5
4
6

4
4
10
16

2,5
4
1

4
10
2,5

1,5

2,5

ng lun dy in phi trn . V l do g m ng thnh bu dc th ng

knh nh khng b hn ng knh ln 10% th cn c s dng . Nu chnh
m ln hn 10% th phi loi b. Ch lun dy vo ng khi lp va trt kh .
Khng c c ch ni dy hay phn nhnh dy bn trong rut ng.
Dy cp in i trn v trong tng phi c gn cht vo tng ti cc
im c nh cp m khong cch nh sau :

V tr t cp
1. Mt phng ngang
2. Mt ng
3. Mt ng

4. Mt ngang
5. Ch un cong

6. V tr t cp gn hp ni cp

Khong cch gia cc im c nh cp

Lp trn gi cp : 1 mt
2 mt
Kp gia nh cp 0,8 ~ 1 mt
Tt c cc im cn phng khng cho
lp v ch ca cp b bin dng, ng thi
khng lm cho li trong hp u dy lin
tip b tc ng bi trng lng bn thn
ca cp gy nn
u cui mi on cp
u cui ca on cp un cong, nu cp
ln th cn t kp gia on cong.
Khong cch gia cc im gi c nh dy
cp hai bn hp ni cp.
Cch hp ni , u cp hoc ch bt u
khng qu 100 mm.

7. Hp ni cp v u cp dn
vo thit b hoc ch bt u cp
Cp t h trong nh khng dng cp c v bc ngoi bng lp ay tm
nha. Trong cc phng khng chy, kh chy m m t v khng c vt nguy
him khi chy th c th dng cp c bc ngoi l si ay tm nha. Cp i vo nh
, ng hm hoc cp chuyn t thng sang ngang cn t d tr mt on di hn
1 mt. Cp t trong nh khng cn c on d tr nhng khng c cp cng
qu.
Khi t ngm cp di nn nh th khong cch gia dy cp v ng ng
nc giao nhau di t khng nh hn 0,5 mt. Khi khng khng gian m bo

TI LIU LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Email: info@lopthietkedien.com
khong cch nh vy , phi c bin php bo v ch giao nhau nh t tm chn ,
tm chn ny phi ko di v mi bn ca dy cp l 0,5 mt phng m t hay
h hng do nguyn nhn c l.
Khi cn treo dy cp bng si dy thp th sc lm t dy cp phi ln gp
4 ln sc chu khi treo dy cp. u cui ca cp khng u vo u cn hn bt kn
. Gia cp v gi cn cch in. Chiu dy lp cch in phi ln hn 2 mm .
Khi cp c v bc bn ngoi l cht hu c v kim loi cp khng c cnh sc
c th khng cn dng lp lt cch in, nhng nu c th th nn lm .
t dy dn trong tng gip mi rt hay c ngi thit k s dng nhng
bin php ny cng l u mi ho hon nn phi tun theo nhng iu sau y :
Lun dy dn trong ng thp , t kn trong tng , trn v mi vi nh s
dng vt liu khng chy . Nu dng puli s ng dy trong tng ny th
khong cch gia cc s khng c xa qu 0,6 mt. Khi i hai dy song song
th khong cch gia hai si phi xa hn 0,5 mt. Khi bt dy i thp hn 2 mt k
t mt sn ln phi c bin php chng h hng do cc tc nhn c l. Dy dn s
dng trn tng mi l dy ng . Dy dn nhm ch dng trong mi nh m vt liu
xy dng l loi khng chy. Hp ni v hp phn nhnh phi bng kim loi. Cc
thit b ng mch , thit b iu khin v thit b bo v khng c t tng
gip mi.
t dy in ngoi nh phi ch n qui hoch. Mi ni , nht l nhng
ni c ngi qua li , phi m bo an ton , khng con ngi ng chm vo
dy in.
Dy dn v dy cp khng i trong ng phi m bo tun theo cc qui nh
v khong cch an ton sau y:
* Theo phng ngang:
+ trn bc tam cp, ban cng cng nh mi nh : 2,5 mt.
+ trn ca s : 0,5 mt.
+ di ban cng: 1 mt.
+ di ca s ( tnh t khung ca ): 1mt.
* Theo phng ng : khong cch t dy dn n :
+ ca s : 0,75 mt.
+ ban cng : 1 mt.
* Dy dn cch mt t : 2,75 mt.
Dy dn t trn ct in , phi m bo khong cch t dy n ban cng
v ca s khng gn hn 1,5 mt. Khng cho t dy dn in ngoi nh trn mi
nh. Khi chm vo dy c cch in ngoi tri coi nh chm vo dy trn v
phi tun theo cc iu kin ca dy trn.
Dy in vt qua ng , khi dy i trn khng th phi cao hn :
+ ng xe qua : 6 mt.
+ ng khng c xe qua : 3,50 mt.
Khi dy in xuyn qua tng phi t ng cho dy i qua v m bo ng
khng tch t nc .
Sau khi lp xong ng dy, cn tin hnh kim tra :
* thng ca tng si dy theo tng mch . Cn tho tng l kim tra c lp
tng l .
* cch in ca tng dy vi v , vi cc dy khc trong ng v vi mi trng
cha ng dy.
3. Lp t trang thit b in trong nh dn dng v nh :
Vic lp t v nghim thu trang thit b in trong nh dn dng v nh
phi tun theo cc yu cu ca b H s mi thu , iu kin k thut trong Hp

TI LIU LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Email: info@lopthietkedien.com
ng giao nhn thu lp t in v TCXD 27 : 1991 , Tiu chun thit k : t
thit b in trong nh v nh cng cng.
Thit b dn in vo ngi nh c th kt hp vi bng phn phi , bng in
, t in ca ngi nh.
u dn vo ngi nh ca mng in phi t thit b bo v v iu khin
nhng nu thit b dn vo nh c dng in nh hn 20 A c th khng cn t
thit b iu khin.
Mng in phi c thit b bo v khi ngn mch. Phi m bo ngt c
mch khi c s c:
+ mt v nhiu pha ca mng in c trung tnh vi t
+ hai v ba pha ca mch trung tnh cch ly.
Thit b bo v t ni d kim tra v khng b cc tc nhn c hc ph
hng. Vic vn hnh ca cc thit b bo v phi m bo bnh thng trong mi
tnh hung , khng gy nguy him cho ngi phc v v cc vt chung quanh.
Cc thit b bo v c b phn mng in h ch c php lp t khi
khai thc cng trnh c b tr th chuyn mn v in vn hnh v qun l. Khi
dng cu ch bo v mng in th t cu ch ti :
+ cc pha bnh thng khng ni t,
+ dy trung tnh ca mng in hai dy trong cc cng trnh c dy dn m
t , ni khng c th in chuyn mn vn hnh v qun l v in v c nguy c
n.
Khng c t cu ch dy trung tnh ca mng 3 pha 4 dy v ca mng
2 pha, 1 dy trung tnh.
Khi t cc thit b dn vo bng phn phi in chnh, bng in v t in
trong nh phi p ng cc yu cu sau y:
(i) V tr t phi ni thun tin cho vic s dng , d kim tra v theo di nh
gm cu thang, tng hm ni kh ro.
(ii) Bng phn phi chnh , bng in, t in phi t trong cc t , hp bng kim
loi hay bng g hoc t trong cc hc ca tng chu lc chnh v phi c ca
kho. Tay iu khin ca cc thit b khng c nh ra ngoi. Nu b tr mt
phng ring bng iu khin , bng phn phi th nhng qui nh trn khng nht
thit phi chp hnh.
(iii) Thit b dn vo t in, bng in, hp in phi t cch xa ng dn nc,
rnh nc vi khong cch ti thiu l 0,5 mt.
Vi cc nh quan trng , t bng phn phi in chnh ca ngi nh t
vo phng ring c ca kho v ch nhn vin chuyn trch mi c vo. Nhng
ni c kh nng ngp nc th mi thit b dn vo , bng phn phi in , bng
in, t in v cc thit b khc phi t cao hn mc nc ngp. Lu phng t
t in , bng in khng t di cc phng dng nc nhiu nh bp, x , tm ,
git . Khi c ng nc dn qua phng t cc thit b iu khin in th khng
c m vi , khng c c cc ming kim tra hay bt k trang b g m c kh
nng phun bn nc phng ny.
i vi nh th tit din dy dn in khng c nh hn cc ch s nh
bng di y:
Tn ng dy
1. ng dy nhm mng in chiu sng
khng c cm in
2. ng dy nhm mng in chiu sng

Tit din nh nht ( mm2)

ng
Nhm
1

2,5

TI LIU LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Email: info@lopthietkedien.com
c cm in v dy dn n cm in
3. Dy dn in vo thit b m in nng
4. Dy dn in thng ng ca mng cung
cp in cho cc h dng in

1,5

2,5

2,5

2,5

Khi dng in ba pha nu tit din dy ng nh hn 16 mm2 v dy nhm

nh hn 25 mm2 th dy trung tnh ly bng dy pha. Nu tit din ln hn th dy
trung tnh ly nh bng 50% dy pha . Thit b in t trong nh yu cu c cch
in tt. Cht cch in phi kh chy , chu m , khng ht nc , khng h hng
v bin dng do cc tc ng lin tc ca nhit cao hn 25% so vi nhit cho
php ca thit b trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng.
Trong mi trng hp trn v thit b phi ghi cc ch s k thut cn thit
ca dng in i qua thit b nh : cng , in p , cng sut. . . Nu thit b c
nhiu b phn th tng b phn phi ghi cc ch s cn thit.
Mi cm in phi t cao hn mt nn , mt sn ti thiu l 1,50 mt.
Nu cm trong hc tng c th tho phch cm ra , hc tng c np ng li
c th t cao 0,4 mt tr ln so vi mt sn. Mi cm u phi t xa cc b
phn kim loi c tip xc vi t nh ng dn nc, chu tm, cc ming kim loi t
nht l 0,50 mt.
Yu cu i vi cm v phch cm nh sau:
+ Phch v phi thch hp v in th v la chn chng loi sao cho nu
c nhm cng khng th nhm c , th d in p 110 V dng thanh cm dt ,
in p 220 V dng thanh cm trn hay l loi ba chn chng hn.
+ Hp b v s cc . Phch mt cc khng th cm vo nhiu cc. Phch
hai cc khng th cm vo ba cc . . .
in p li 127~220 V , mi cm phi c mt cu ch bo v.
Thit b tt dng n phi t cao trn 1,5 mt tnh t mt sn tr ln. an
ton trong s dng in , khng t thit b ng , tt n bung tm, phng git ,
phng v sinh. Mch in chnh hay nhnh u phi t mt cu dao . Nhiu mch
ch do mt dng chnh cung cp th dng in ti a dng ch c 5A.
Cc loi ng c s dng trong cng trnh nh my bm , my iu ho
khng kh cng nh cc thit b bo v ca chng phi t ni thun tin cho s
dng v phi c ngi c chuyn mn phc v mi c s dng. Nu vic cung
cp in cho ng c ng thi l dy dn cho chiu sng phi m bo khi chy
ng c , khng lm nhiu lon n chiu sng.
4. Lp t bng in chiu sng:
Bng in chiu sng t trong nh phn phi , tnh ton in nng ,
ng thi bo v qu ti dng ngn mch trong mng in 3 pha xoay chiu in p
380 V c trung ho ni t trc tip.
Bng in thng c t hp theo cc cch lp t nh sau:
(i) Loi bo v cc tng nh ( cu thang ) c kh c in bo v.
(ii) Loi bo v cng cc tng nh ( cu thang ) c kh c phn phi in nng ,
bo v v cng t in.
(iii) Loi phi hp dng cc tng nh ( cu thang ) c kh c phn phi in nng,
bo v v cng t in.
(iv) Loi dng trong phng , c kh c phn phi in nng ( cho loi bng t
hc tng), bo v v cng t in.

TI LIU LP THC HNH THIT K M&E

Email: info@lopthietkedien.com
Cc thit b in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng phi c ni t v
ni trn khng kh theo Quy phm ni t cc thit b in QPVN 13-78 v Quy
phm trang b in QT 11 TCN 18-1984.
Cc bng chiu sng phi c gn cht vo tng nh . Trong iu kin c
th , lm thnh cc bng ring t trong khung , t , st vo tng hoc cc kt cu
ngn cch , khng nh hng n li qua li v m bo an ton chung cho s dng
cng trnh.