B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

KHOA CNG NGH HA HC
----------

BO CO N MN HC

TI:
QUY TRNH TCH CHIT TINH DU BI

GVHD : TS. PHAN TH THANH DIU

SVTH : NGUYN THC HUYN
LP : 02DHHH2
MSSV : 2004110466

Tp H Ch Minh, Thng 12/ 2014

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

LI M U
Bi l mt loi qu c rt nhiu ngi u chung bi v ngt thanh, d n v
rt tt cho sc khe. Ngoi cng dng l thc phm, nhng tinh cht chit xut t qu
bi to nn tinh du bi c cng dng tt hn rt nhiu nhng sn phm cng ngh
khc.
V tinh du bi c s dng rng ri trong i sng nn cht lng ca tinh
du l iu cn ch . Do , vic chn la phng php tch chit sao cho ph hp,
c th ly c cc thnh phn qu cng nh m bo tnh kinh t cng rt quan
trng. Vic nghin cu cc phng php ny s gip cho vic la chn chnh xc hn.
Trong qu trnh thc hin n, em c s gip tn tnh t c Thanh
Diu cng cc bn trong lp hon thnh n ny. Tuy c gng hon thnh
n ca mnh nhng em vn cn nhiu thiu st trong qu trnh thc hin. Mong c ch
bo thm cho em.
Em xin chn thnh cm n.

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Ngy....... thng....... nm 2014
( k tn, ghi r h v tn)

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

Sinh vin:....................................................MSSV:.........................................................
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Ngy.thngnm 2014
( k tn, ghi r h v tn)

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

MC LC
Li m u ...................................................................................................................ii
Danh mc cc bng.......................................................................................................vi
Danh mc cc hnh......................................................................................................vii
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V TINH DU BI..................................................7
1.1. Tnh cht ca tinh du bi............................................................................7
1.2. Thnh phn ha hc c trong tinh du bi....................................................7
1.3. Cc hp cht hu c trong tinh du bi........................................................7
CHNG 2. MT S NG DNG CA TINH DU BI...............................11
2.1. Trong m phm .........................................................................................11
2.2. Trong dc phm........................................................................................12
2.3. Trong thc phm .........................................................................................12
2.4. Mt s ng dng khc ca tinh du bi......................................................14
CHNG 3. CC PHNG PHP TCH CHIT TINH DU BI..............16
3.1. Phng php chng ct li cun hi nc....................................................16
3.1.1. S cng ngh...................................................................................16
3.1.2. Thuyt minh.........................................................................................18
3.1.3. Thit b...................................................................................................... 18
3.2 Trch ly tinh du .........................................................................................21
3.2.1. S cng ngh...................................................................................21
3.2.2. Thuyt minh.........................................................................................22
3.2.3. Dung mi.............................................................................................22
3.2.4. Thit b................................................................................................23
CHNG 4. KT LUN..........................................................................................25
Ti liu tham kho.......................................................................................................26

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

DANH MC CC BNG
Bng 1.1. Thnh phn ha hc ca tinh du t v bi.................................................8
Bng 1.2. Thnh pn chnh ca tinh du t hoa bi.....................................................8

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 1.1. Limonene.......................................................................................................9
Hnh 1.2. Myrcene.........................................................................................................9
Hnh 1.3. Octanone........................................................................................................9
Hnh 1.4. -caryophyllen...............................................................................................9
Hnh 1.5. Octanol.........................................................................................................10
Hnh 1.6. Nootkatone...................................................................................................10
Hnh 1.7. Nerolidol......................................................................................................10
Hnh 1.8. Farnesol........................................................................................................11
Hnh 1.9. Linalol..........................................................................................................11
Hnh 1.10. 1-p-menthene-8-thiol..................................................................................11
Hnh 2.1. Mt s ng dng ca tinh du bi trong m phm.....................................12
Hnh 2.2. Mt s ng dng ca tinh du bi trong dc phm..................................13
Hnh 2.3. Ru bi Nhn Ha...................................................................................14
Hnh 2.4. Mc v bi.................................................................................................14
Hnh 2.5. G hp tri bi...........................................................................................15
Hnh 3.1. Thit b chng ct tinh du trong phng th nghim.....................................18
Hnh 3.2. Thit b chng ct bng nc.......................................................................19
Hnh 3.3. Thit b chng ct bng hi nc khng c ni hi ring............................20
Hnh 3.4. Thit b chng ct bng hi nc c ni hi ring.......................................20
Hnh 3.5. Thit b trch ly tinh du...............................................................................23
Hnh 3.6. Thit b trch ly tinh du kiu thng quay.....................................................24

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V TINH DU BI

1.1. Tnh cht ca tinh du bi
Tinh du bi tn ti dng lng nhit thng, c mi thm nh, khng mu
hoc mu vng nht. 20oC, tinh du bi c t trng 0,923 - 0,926, nh hn t trng
ca nc nn nh hn nc.
Tinh du bi bay hi c, t tan trong nc nhng tan tt trong cc dung mi
hu c nh etanol, eter,...
1.2. Thnh phn ha hc c trong tinh du bi
Bng 1.1. Thnh phn ha hc ca tinh du t v bi
Thnh phn

T l %

Limonene

83 - 93

Myrcene

1,4 - 1,6

-caryophyllen

0,2 - 0,7

Nootkatone

0,1 - 1,0

Octanone

0,1 - 0,3

Octanol

0,1 - 0,2

Ngoi ra, trong tinh du v bi cn c pinen, geraniol, citral, cc alcol, pectin,

acid citric v cc vitamin nh A, B, B2, C,...
Bng 1.2. Thnh phn chnh ca tinh du t hoa bi
Thnh phn

T l %

Nerolidol

30,91 - 40,04

Famesol

14,30 - 23,47

Linalol

9,22 - 23,76

Trong v bi, thnh phn chnh l Limonone nhng cu t to mi c trng

cho v bi l sesquiterpene ketone nootkatone. Ngoi ra, phn bit mi v bi
vi cc mi khc th da trn hp cht 1-p-menthene-8-thiol.
1.3. Cc hp cht hu c trong tinh du bi

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

Hnh 1.1. Limonene

Limonene l thnh phn chnh trong tinh du v bi, vi hot tnh c kh nng
c ch phng chng ung th. Limonene cng c s dng ph bin trong cc sn
phm m phm (nc hoa, sa tm,...) trong sn xut thc phm (che v cay ng ca
alkaloid,...) v mt s loi thuc gip gim bnh tro ngc d dy v nng,...

Hnh 1.2. Myrcene

Myrcene l mt cht trung gian quan trng c s dng trong ngnh cng
nghip nc hoa. N c mi d chu nhng him khi c s dng trc tip do c xu
hng d b polymer ha. Ngoi ra, Myrcene cn c tc dng gim au v khng
vim,...

Hnh 1.3. Octanone

Octanone c s dng to hng v v mi thm.

Hnh 1.4. -caryophyllen

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

-caryophyllen c mt trong nhiu loi tinh du nh inh hng, hng tho,...

v n to nn v cay c trng ca ht tiu en. Trong tinh du v bi, vi hm lng
-caryophyllen nh, cng to nn v cay nh cho tinh du.

Hnh 1.5. Octanol

Octanol c tnh st trng, khng khun cao, rt tt cho thn kinh v kch thch
phn ng min dch trong c th.

Hnh 1.6. Nootkatone

Nootkatone l thnh phn quan trng nht ca bi, l mt trong nhng thnh
phn ha hc chnh to nn mi v hng v ca bi. Nootkatone c s dng lm
thuc chng tr su b, cn trng,... mt cch thn thin vi mi trng v n rt d
bay hi. Nootkatone khng c hi vi con ngi nn c s dng lm ph gia
thc phm, m phm v dc phm,...

Hnh 1.7. Nerolidol

Nerolidol c mi thm nh, c s dng lm hng liu v nc hoa. Nerolidol
cng ang c th nghim lm cht tng cng s thm thu ca thuc qua da.

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

Hnh 1.8. Farnesol

Farnesol c mt trong nhiu loi tinh du nh s, hoa hng, hoa hu,... c s
dng lm tng thm mi nc hoa. Farnesol cn l mt loi thuc tr su t nhin,
cng nh l thnh phn hng liu v ph gia cho thuc l,...

Hnh 1.9. Linalol

Linalol c dng lm hng liu trong 60 - 80 % cc sn phm v sinh thm v
cht ty ra: x phng, du gi,... Ngoi ra, linalol cn c s dng nh thuc dit
su b,...

Hnh 1.10. 1-p-menthene-8-thiol

1-p-menthene-8-thiol rt d bay hi, l thnh phn to nn mi thm c trng
ca cho bi.

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

CHNG 2. MT S NG DNG CA TINH DU BI

2.1. Trong m phm

Hnh 2.1. Mt s ng dng ca tinh du bi trong m phm

Tinh du bi l thnh phn quan trng trong cc sn phm: du gi, sa tm,
nc hoa,...
Lm se da, gip da p mn mng hn, tr vim da, chng mn.
Gip mi tc chc khe, mm mi, mt m.
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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

To mi thm nh cho nc hoa.

2.2. Trong dc phm

Hnh 2.2. Mt s ng dng ca tinh du bi trong dc phm

Tinh du bi cng l thnh phn chnh trong nhiu loi thuc, c tc dng:
Gip gim cn: cc hot cht tinh du trong v bi c tc dng lm gim m
trong mu, gim gan nhim m.
Lm gim tc gy rng, kch thch mc tc, c tr chng hi u, gy rng v
tha tc, phc hi tc b h tn, gip tc chc khe v bng mt.
Gip li tiu, li niu, gii c c th.
Gip gim au, tr cc chng au u, vim khp, khng khun, chng vim,
chng nhim trng.
Gim huyt p, h cholesterol trong mu, chng ung th.
2.3. Trong thc phm

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

Hnh 2.3. Ru bi Nhn Ha

Ru bi c tc dng kch thch tiu ho, gii cm, tng cng vitamin cho
ngi mi m dy, rt tt cho ngi mun gim cn hoc dng h tr iu tr m
mu cao.

Hnh 2.4. Mc v bi
V bi c cha hm lng ln cht cellulose, pectin, cc loi vitamin v cht
ng khc. Cht cellulose c tc dng phng ung th rut kt, x va ng mch, si
mt. Vi ngi tha cn, cellulose ng vai tr quan trng trong vic ci thin vc
dng v c cng dng lm gim m mu, tan m tha v ngn chn s tch t cht bo
gy bo ph. Pectin thuc nhm cc cht lm ng t, ng vai tr cc k quan trng
trong vic lm mng bao bc cc sn phm, to ra cu trc gel c ng dng c bit
vi cc mn mt. V vy, mn mt v bi sau khi bo ch s cc k an ton cho sc
khe, d bo qun v khng b mt i cc tinh cht vn c trong v bi t nhin. Mt
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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

v bi cn c tc dng nhun trng, tnh st khun cao nn c th ngn nga vim

hng, vim ming hiu qu.

Hnh 2.5. G hp tri bi

Khi hp, nc do g v v bi tit ra, ha quyn vo nhau xen k mt cht v
ng ca bi, mt cht v ngt nc g. Mn n va c cht dinh dng, va gip h
tr cha bnh gan nhim m, rt tt cho sc khe ngi dng.
Bn cnh , tinh du bi cn c th tiu dit cc tc nhn gy bnh, ng thi
ly i lng thuc tr su cn tn ng trong thc phm bng cch nh 20 git tinh
du bi vo mt chai xt, c cha 1 tha canh bt ni, 1 chn dm trng v 1 chn
nc, sau xt dung dch trn ln b mt ca thc phm v trong 5 pht.
2.4. Mt s ng dng khc ca tinh du bi
Gip th gin, lm gim cng thng, gip trn tnh, ly li tinh thn. Hng thm
ca tinh du bi cn c tc dng gii ru gip tnh to, minh mn. Khi tm cho
vi git tinh du bi gip mu huyt lu thng. L mt cht kh mi rt hiu qu
nn tinh du bi thng c dng xng hi phng, gip mang li tinh thn
sng khoi, th gin cho ngi s dng.
C tc dng gii cm rt tt, c bit khi kt hp vi hn hp tinh du chanh,
hng nhu, khuynh dip, s, dng tm hoc xng.
Kh mi t: nc lc bnh thng vo my khuch tn theo mc thp nht
hoc cao nht, cho t 1-3 git tinh du vo, sau bt my khuch tn ln.
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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

C th ha t 1-3 git tinh du bi vo 2 lt nc m ngm chn trc khi i

ng, gip gim au nhc bn chn, tng tun hon mu.

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

CHNG 3. CC PHNG PHP TCH CHIT TINH DU BI

3.1. Phng php chng ct li cun hi nc
3.1.1. S cng ngh

V bi

X l

Xay

Ngm

NaCl

Chng ct li cun hi nc

Ngng t

Phn ly

Tinh du th

Lm khan

Na2SO4 khan

Lng, gn

Tinh du

Bo qun
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Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

3.1.2. Thuyt minh

V bi c ra sch, ct nh s b, sau cho vo my xay, thm nc. Xay
nh. Thm NaCl vo nguyn liu xay nh vi nng thch hp ri chuyn vo
thng cha nguyn liu ca thit b chng ct li cun hi nc, y kn, yn.
Tin hnh chng ct hn hp nguyn liu x l. Hn hp hi nc v tinh du
thot ra c i vo ng sinh hn ca thit b chng ct, ri chy xung b phn
ngng t. yn cho hn hp thu c tch hon ton thnh 2 pha. Lp tinh du
trn chy xung bnh hng thu tinh du th. Nc bn di qua b phn hon lu
tr li phn chng ct.
Thm Na2SO4 khan vo bnh cha tinh du th, va thm va khuy u cho n
khi thy cc tinh th Na2SO4 bt u ri ra. lng hn hp trn. Cho phn tinh du
lm khan bn trn chy vo bnh cha sn phm.
Sn phm tinh du c cho vo cc bnh cha hay l sm mu, y kn, bo
qun trong ti.
3.1.3 Thit b
3.1.3.1 Trong phng th nghim

Hnh 3.1 Thit b chng ct tinh du trong phng th nghim

Trong :
1. Bnh chng ct li cun hi nc
2. Bnh cha nguyn liu chng ct
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3. Lp tinh du
4. Lp nc
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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

Hi nc nng t bnh (1) qua bnh (2), lm nng dung dch trong bnh. Hi tinh
du c hi nc li cun theo, qua ng sinh hn, ngng t to thnh 2 pha
lng tch lp ring bit: lp tinh du (3) nm pha trn, lp nc (4) nm pha
di.
3.1.3.2 Trong cng nghip:

Thit b chng ct bng hi nc

Np c th tho

Ni ng yn

Nguyn liu v
nc

Nc nng ra

Nc lnh
vo

Thit b ngng t

Tinh du

Nc ngng t

Hnh 3.2 Thit b chng ct bng nc

Nguyn li u v nc cng cho vo m t thit b. Khi un si, hi nc bay ra s
cun theo tinh du, ngng t hi bay ra s thu c hn hp gm nc v tinh du, hai
thnh phn ny khng tan vo nhau nn d dng tch ra khi nhau.
Phng php ny n gin, thit b re tin v d ch to, ph hp vi nhng c
s sn xut nh, vn u t t. Tuy nhin, phng php ny cn m t vi nhc im
nh hi u sut thp, cht lng tinh du khng cao do nguyn li u tip xc trc tip
vi thit b nn d b chy kht, kh iu chnh cc thng s k thu t nh tc v
nhi t chng ct.
Thit b chng ct bng hi nc khng c ni hi ring

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

Np c th tho

Nc nng ra

Ni ng yn

Nguyn liu

Thit b ngng t

Nc lnh
vo
V ni

Tinh du

Nc

Nc ngng t

Hnh 3.3 Thit b chng ct bng hi nc khng c ni hi ring

Nguyn li u v nc cng cho vo m t thit b nhng cch nhau bi m t v ni.
Khi un si, hi nc bc ln, qua khi nguyn li u ko theo tinh du v i ra thit b
ngng t. nguyn li u khi ri vo phn c nc ta c th lt trn v 1 hay nhiu
lp bao ti ty theo tng loi nguyn li u. Phng php nay ph hp vi nhng c s
sn xut c qui m trung bnh.
So vi phng php trn, phng php ny c u im hn, nguyn li u t b
chy kht v khng tip xc trc tip vi y thit b, cc nhc im khc vn cha
khc phc c.
Thit b chng ct c ni hi ring

Nc lnh vo

Nc nng ra ra

Nc v tinh
du bay hi

Tinh du

Nc

La

Hi nc

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Nc ngng
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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

Hnh 3.4 S chng ct c ni hi ring

Phng php ny ph hp vi nhng c s sn xut ln, hi nc c to ra t
m t ni hi ring v c dn vo cc thit b chng ct.
Phng php ny cng m t lc c th phc v c cho nhiu thit b chng ct,
iu ki n lm vi c ca cng nhn nh nhng hn, d c kh ha v t ng ha cc
cng on sn xut, khng ch tt hn cc thng s cng ngh , rt ngn c thi
gian sn xut. Ngoi ra, phng php ny khc phc c tnh trng nguyn li u b
kh, kht v nu theo yu cu ca cng ngh th c th dng hi qu nhi t, hi c p
sut cao chng ct. Tuy nhin, thit b s dng trong phng php ny kh phc tp
v t tin.
3.2 Trch ly tinh du
3.2.1 S cng ngh

V bi

X l
Dung mi
Trch ly
Mitxen

Lng, lc

B thi

Tch dung mi

Tch dung mi
Dung mi

Dung mi

Tinh ch

Cancrt
Tch sp bng etanol
Lc

Lm lnh

Etanol
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Sp

Tch etanol
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Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

3.2.2 Thuyt minh

Tinh du thnh phm

Nguyn liu dng cho trch ly phi ro nc. Sau khi cho dung mi v nguyn
liu vo thit b trch ly, em lc, ta s c mitxen (mitxen l hn hp gm tinh du
v dung mi). em lng v lc mitxen tch cc tp cht nh cc mnh nguyn liu.
Trong trng hp mitxen c nc, cn phi tch nc. Sau , dng hi ct thu hi
li dung mi. Dung mi t b trch ly v dung mi thit b ct thu hi c em i
tinh ch s dng tr li. Mitxen tch dung mi xong gi l cancrt, cancrt l
mt hn hp gm tinh du, sp, nha thm v mt s tp cht khc (axit hu c)
dng st. tch sp v tp cht, ngi ta ha tan cancrt bng etanol, sau em lm
lnh -15oC, sp v tp cht s ng c li, sau ta lc tch. Lc ny hn hp
ch cn li etanol v tinh du, dng phng php ct tch etanol, ta thu c tinh
du tuyt i, etanol c em i tinh ch dng li. Sp l cht nh hng c gi
tr trong tinh du, nhng khi c sp trong tinh du, tinh du thng b c. Do phi
tin hnh tch sp trong tinh du.
3.2.3. Dung mi
Yu cu ca dung mi:
Nhit si thp d dng tch tinh du ra khi dung mi bng phng php
chng ct, nhng khng c thp qu v s gy tn tht dung mi, d gy chy
v kh thu hi dung mi (kh ngng t).
Dung mi khng tc dng ha hc vi tinh du.
nht ca dung mi b rt ngn thi gian trch ly ( nht nh khuch tn
nhanh).
Dung mi ha tan tinh du ln nhng ha tan tp cht b.
Dung mi khng n mn thit b, khng gy mi l cho tinh du v c bit
khng gy c hi.
Dung mi phi r tin v d mua.
C th s dng dung mi d bay hi nh etanol, du ha, acetol,... hay cc dung mi
kh bay hi nh m ng vt, vaselin,... Gn y, ngi ta cn s dng kh t dng
lng hoc CO2 lng trch ly tinh du.
3.2.4 Thit b

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Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

4
2

Hnh 3.5. Thit b trch ly tinh du

Trong :
1. Thit b cha hnh tr

5. Bm ly tm

2. V ngn cch nguyn liu

6. Li lc c ph lp vi mu

3. Ca cho nguyn liu vo

7. Vi hi lu dung dch

4. Ca tho b
Nguyn liu c a vo ca (3), ng kn ca li v m van cho dung mi
(etanol) vo ngm trong 2 gi. Ht thi gian ngm, dng bm bm dch chit vo,
cho chy tun hon nhm khuy trn dung dch v v. bm khng b tc nghn do
v qu bm vo, ngoi lp v (2), ngi ta cn lm thm 1 li lc chn y thit b.
Ht thi gian ngm chit quy nh, dung dch ngm chit c tho ra, em lng lc.
Ngoi ra, cn c thit b trch ly kiu thng quay c s cu to nh sau:

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Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

Hnh 3.6. Thit b trch ly tinh du kiu thng quay

Trong :
1. Ca nhp liu

4. Gi cha nguyn liu

2. ng dn dung mi vo

5. Ca tho b

3. Hi nc trc tip vo

6. ng tho mitxen

Nguyn liu c cho vo cc gi cha (4) lp trn mt khung quay bn trong

thit b. Dung mi qua ng (2) nm c nh phn di ca thit b, nh khung quay
nn cc gi cha nguyn liu c nhng lin tc vo dung mi, khi nguyn liu
ht tinh du, mitxen c tho ra ca (6), sau cho hi nc vo v nhit ca thit
b theo ng (3) tch dung mi t b trch ly.

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CHNG 4. KT LUN
Phng php trch ly c u im l hiu sut thu hi sn phm cao v gi c
mi thm t nhin ca bi. Tuy nhin, yu cu v thit b li cao, tht thot dung
mi, quy trnh phc tp,... khin cho phng php ny khng tr nn ti u.
Phng php chng ct li ko hi nc li khc phc c cc khuyt im :
thit b gn, d ch to; quy trnh tng i n gin; cc dung mi v ha cht s
dng re v thn thin; thi gian chng ct tng i nhanh.
Trong tng lai, nu c iu kin, s tip tc tin hnh nghin cu chit xut tinh
du bi bng cc phng php hin i hn nh chit bng vi sng, chit bng CO 2
siu ti hn,...

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Khoa Cng ngh ha hc

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] V Ngc L (1996), "Nhng cy tinh du Vit Nam - khai thc - ch bin - ng
dng", NXB Khoa hc k thut H Ni.
[2] Nguyn Th Tm (2003), "Nhng tinh du lu hnh trn th trng", NXB Khoa
hc k thut H Ni.
[3] Nguyn c Pht (2011), "Lun vn tt nghip: Quy trnh tch chit tinh du bi
bng phng php chng ct li cun hi nc", Nha Trang.
[4] Nguyn Th Thy (2007), " n chuyn mn: Phng php trch l mt s sn
phm", Nng.

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