CAD Nâng Cao PDF

TRUNG TM M THUT A PHNG TIN
VIET-GRAPHICS MULTIMEDIA
AutoCAD Command
Tn Lnh
mc ch
1.
2.
3.
Ph
m
Tt
3A
3DO
3F
3DARRAY
3DORBIT
3DFACE
To ra 1 mng 3 chiu ty chn
4.
3P
3DPOLY
To ra 1 mng 3 chiu
To ra 1 a tuyn bao gm cc on thng trong khng
gian 3 chiu
A
V cung trn
5.
6.
A
ADC
ARC
ADCENTER
7.
AA
AREA
8.
AL
ALIGN
9.
AP
APPLOAD
10.
11.
AR
ATT
ATT
ATE
ARRAY
ATTDEF
Tnh din tch v chu vi 1 i tng hay vng c xc

nh
Di chuyn v quay cc i tng cn chnh cc i tng khc bng cch s dng 1, 2 hoc 3 tp hp im
a ra hp thoi ti v hy ti AutoLisp ADS v cc
trnh ng dng ARX
To ra nhiu bn sao cc i tng c chn
To ra 1 nh ngha thuc tnh
-ATTDEF
To cc thuc tnh ca Block
ATTEDIT
Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca Block
12.
13.
B
14.
15.
16.
B
BO
BR
BLOCK
BOUNDARY
BREAK
17.
18.
19.
20.
C
CH
-CH
CHA
CIRCLE
PROPERTIES
CHANGE
ChaMFER
21.
COL
COLOR
22.
CO,
cp
COPY
BIN SON : FUTURE DESIGNER
To Block
To a tuyn kn
Xn 1 phn on thng gia 2 im chn
C
V ng trn bng nhiu cch
Hiu chnh thng s k thut
Hiu chnh text, thay i R, D
Vt mp cc cnh
Xc lp mu dnh cho cc i tng c v theo trnh
t
Sao chp i tng
PHONE:01222249995
Page 1

23.
24.
25.
26.
DIMSTYLE
DIMALIGNE
DAL
D
DIMANGULA
DAN
R
DIMBASELIN
DBA
E
27.
DCE
DIMCENTER
28.
t
DCO
o
29.
DDI
30.
31.
DED
DI
DIMCONTIN
UE
DIMDIAMET
ER
DIMEDIT
DIST
32.
DIV
DIVIDE
33.
DLI
DIMLINEAR
34.
DO
DONUT
35.
DOR
36.
DOV
37.
DR
38.
DRA
DIMORDINA
TE
DIMOVERRI
DE
DRAWORDE
R
DIMRADIUS
39.
DS
DSETTINGS
40.
DT
DTEXT
41.
DV
DVIEW
D
To ra v chnh sa kch thc dng lnh
Ghi kch thc thng c th cn chnh c
Ghi kch thc gc
Tip tc 1 kch thc on thng, gc t ng nn ca
kch thc c chn
To ra 1 im tm hoc ng trn xuyn tm ca cc
cung trn v ng trn
Tip tc 1 ng thng, 1 gc t ng m rng th 2
ca kch thc trc y hoc kch thc c chn
Ghi kch thc ng knh
Chnh sa kch thc
o khong cch v gc gia 2 im
t mi 1 i tng im v cc khi dc theo chiu di
hoc chu vi i tng
To ra kch thc thng ng hay nm ngang
V cc ng trn hay cung trn c t dy hay l v
hnh vnh khn
To ra kch thc im gc
Vit chng ln cc tuyn h thng kch thc
Thay i ch hin th cc i tng v hnh nh
To ra kch thc bn knh
Hin th DraffSetting t ch cho Snap end Grid,
Polar tracking
V cc mc vn bn(hin th vn bn trn mn hnh
ging nh l n ang nhp vo)
Xc lp php chiu song song hoc cc ch xem
cnh
E
42.
ERASE
43.
ED
DDEDIT
44.
EL
ELLIPSE
Xo i tng
a ra hp thoi t c th chnh sa ni dung vn
bn ; nh ngha cc thuc tnh
V elip
PHONE:01222249995
Page 2

EXTEND
Ko di i tng
QUIT
Thot khi chng trnh
47.
EX
EXI
T
EXP
EXPORT
48.
EXT
EXTRUDE
49.
FILLET
50.
FI
FILTER
Lu bn v sang dng file khc (*.wmf...)

To ra vt th rn bng cch n xut i tng 2 chiu
ang c
Ni hai i tng bng cung trn
a ra hp thoi t c th a ra danh sch chn
i tng da trn thuc tnh ca n
45.
46.
51.
GROUP
52.
-G
-GROUP
53.
GR
DDGRIPS
54.
55.
56.
57.
H
-H
HE
HI
BHATCH
-HATCH
HATCHEDIT
HIDE
58.
59.
-I
60.
IAD
61.
IAT
62.
63.
64.
ICL
IM
-IM
65.
IMP
66.
IN
67.
INF
68.
IO
G
a ra hp thoi t c th to ra mt tp hp cc i
tng c t tn
Chnh sa tp hp cc i tng
Hin th hp thoi qua c th cho cc hot ng v
xc lp mu cng nh kch c ca chng
T vt liu
nh ngha kiu t mt ct khc
Hiu chnh ca t vt liu
To li m hnh 3D vi cc ng b khut
I
Chn mt khi c t tn hoc bn v vo bn v hin
INSERT
hnh
-INSERT
Chnh sa khi c chn
IMAGEADJU
M ra hp thoi iu khin sng tng phn,
ST
c ca hnh nh trong c s d liu bn v
IMAGEATTA
M hp thoi ch ra tn ca hnh nh cng nh tham s
CH
IMAGECLIP To ra 1 ng bin dnh cho cc i tng hnh nh n
IMAGE
Chn hnh nh cc dng khc vo 1 file bn v AutoCad
-IMAGE
Hiu chnh hnh nh chn
Hin th hp thoi cho php nhp cc dng file khc
IMPORT
vo AutoCad
To ra cc c th tng hp hoc vng tng hp t phn
INTERSECT
giao ca 2 hay nhiu c th
Tm phn giao ca 2 hay nhiu c th v to ra 1 c th
INTERFERE
tng hp t th tch chung ca chng
INSERTOBJ
Chn 1 i tng lin kt hoc nhng vo AutoCad
PHONE:01222249995
Page 3

L
69.
70.
71.
L
LA
-LA
LINE
LAYER
-LAYER
72.
LE
LEADER
73.
LEN
LENGTHEN
74. Ls,LI
75.
76.
77.
78.
Lw
LO
LT
LTS
79.
80.
MA
81.
ME
82.
83.
84.
MI
ML
MO
85.
MS
86.
MT
87.
MV
LIST
LWEIGHT
-LAYOUT
LINETYPE
LTSCALE
V ng thng
To lpv cc thuc tnh
Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca layer
To ra 1 ng kt ni cc dng ch thch cho mt
thuc tnh
Thay i chiu di ca 1 i tng v cc gc cng nh
cung c cha trong
Hin th thng tin c s d liu cho cc i tng c
chn
Khai bo hay thay i chiu dy nt v
Hin th hp thoi to v xc lp cc kiu ng
Xc lp tha s t l kiu ng
M
MOVE
Di chuyn i tng c chn
Sao chp cc thuc tnh t 1 i tng ny sang 1 hay
MATCHPROP
nhiu i tng khc
t cc i tng im hoc cc khi ti cc mc o
MEASURE
trn mt i tng
MIRROR
To nh ca i tng
MLINE
To ra cc ng song song
PROPERTIES
Hiu chnh cc thuc tnh
Hon chuyn t khng gian giy sang cng xem khng
MSPACE
gian m hnh
MTEXT
To ra 1 on vn bn
To ra cc cng xem di ng v bt cc cng xem di
MVIEW
ng ang c
88.
89.
O
OP
OFFSET
OPTIONS
90.
OS
OSNAP
O
V cc ng thng song song, ng trn ng tm
M menu chnh
Hin th hp thoi cho php xc lp cc ch truy
chp i tng ang chy
P
91.
92.
93.
P
-P
PA
PAN
-PAN
PASTESPEC
Di chuyn c bn v
Di chuyn c bn v t im 1 sang im th 2
Chn d liu t Window Clip-board v iu khin
PHONE:01222249995
Page 4

94.
PE
95.
96.
97.
PL
PO
POL
PRO
98.
PS
99. PRE
PRI
100.
NT
101.
PLINE
POINT
POLYGON
dng thc ca d liu;s dng OLE

Chnh sa cc a tuyn v cc mng li a tuyn 3
chiu
V a tuyn ng thng, trn
V im
V a gic u khp kn
PROPERTIES
Hin th menu thuc tnh
PREVIEW
Hin th ch xem 1 bn v trc khi a ra in

a ra hp thoi t c th v 1 bn v bng my v,
my in hoc file
Hon chuyn t cng xem khng gian m hnh sang
khng gian giy
Xo b cc tham chiu khng cn dng ra khi c s
d liu
PEDIT
PLOT
PS
PSPACE
102. PU
PURGE
103.
105. RE
106. REA
107. REC
REDRAW
REDRAWAL
L
REGEN
REGENALL
RECTANGLE
108. REG
REGION
109. REN
RENAME
110. REV
REVOLVE
111. RM
DDRMODES
112. RO
ROTATE
113. RPR
RPREF
114. RR
RENDER
104. RA
115. S
116. SC
StrETCH
SCALE
R
Lm ti li mn hnh ca cng xem hin hnh
Lm ti li mn hnh ca tt c cc cng xem
To li bn v v cc cng xem hin hnh
To li bn v v lm sng li tt c cc cng xem
V hnh ch nht
To ra 1 i tng vng t 1 tp hp cc i tng ang
c
Thay i tn cc i tung c cha cc khi, cc kiu
kch thc, cc lp, kiu ng,kiu UCS,view v cng
xem
To ra 1 c th bng cch quay 1 i tng 2 chiu
quanh 1 trc
a ra hp thoi qua c th xc lp cc tr gip bn
v nh Ortho, Grid, Snap
Xoay cc i tng c chn xung quanh 1 im nn
Hin th hp thoi cho php xc lp cc tham chiu t
bng
Hin th hp thoi t to ra hnh nh c t bng,
hin thc trong khung 3D hoc trong m hnh c th
S
Di chuyn hoc cn chnh i tng
Phng to, thu nh theo t l
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Page 5

117. SCR
SCRIPT
118. SEC
SECTION
119. SET
SETVAR
120. SHA
SHADE
121.
SL
SLICE
122. SN
SNAP
123. SO
SOLID
124.
SPELL
SP
125. SPL
126. SPE
SPLINE
SPLINEDIT
127.
ST
STYLE
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
SU
T
TA
TH
TI
TO
TOL
TOR
SUBTRACT
MTEXT
TABLET
THICKNESS
TILEMODE
TOOLBAR
TOLERANCE
TORUS
136. TR
TRIM
137. UC
DDUCS
138. UCP
DDUCSP
139. UN
140. UNI
UNITS
UNION
141. V
142. VP
VIEW
DDVPOINT
143. -VP
VPOINT
Thc hin 1 chui cc lnht 1 Script

S dng mt giao ca 1 mt phng v cc c th nhm
to ra 1 vng
Lit k tt c cc gi tr thay i ca bin h thng
Hin th hnh nh phng ca bn v trong cng xem
hin hnh
Cc lp 1 tp hp cc c th bng 1 mt phng
Hn ch s di chuyn ca 2 si tc theo nhng mc c ch nh
To ra cc a tuyn c th c t y
Hin th hp thoi c th kim tra cch vit vn bn c to ra vi Dtext, text, Mtext
To ra cung;v cc ng cong lin tc
Hiu chnh spline
Hin th hp thoi cho php to ra cc kiu vn bn c t tn
To ra 1 vng tng hp hoc c th tng hp
To ra 1 on vn bn
nh chun bng vi h to ca 1 bn v trn giy
Hin th che du nh v tr ca cc thanh cng c

To dung sai hnh hc
To ra 1 c th hnh vnh khuyn
Ct ta cc i tng ti 1 cnh ct c xc nh bi i
tng khc
U
a ra hp thoi qun l h to ngi dng c xc
nh trong khng gian hin hnh
a ra hp thoi c th chn 1 h to ngi dng c
xc lp trc
Chn cc dng thc to chnh xc ca to v gc
To ra vng tng hp hoc c th tng hp
V
Lu v phc hi cc cnh xem c t tn
a ra hp thoi xc lp hng xem 3 chiu
Xc lp hng xem trong 1 ch xem 3 chiu ca bn
v
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Page 6

144.
145. WE
146.
WEDGE
EXPLODE
147. XA
XATTACH
148. XB
XBIND
149. XC
XCLIP
150. XL
XLINE
151. XR
XREF
152.
ZOOM
Kho giay
Vit cc i tng sang 1 file bn v mi

To ra 1 c th 3 chiu vi 1 b mt nghing v 1 gc
nhn
WBLOCK
A0
Kich Thuoc 1189x841
X
Ngt 1 khi a tuyn hoc cc i tng tng hp khc
thnh cc thnh phn to nn n
a ra hp thoi c th gn 1 tham chiu ngoi vo bn
v hin hnh
Buc cc biu tng ph thuc ca 1 Xref vo 1 bn v
Xc nh 1 ng bin Xref v tp hp cc mt phng
nghing
To ra 1 ng m rng v hn theo c 2 hng
Hin th hp thoi iu khin cc tham chiu ngoi
vo cc file bn v
Tng hay gim kch thc ca cc i tng trong cng
xem hin hnh
A1
A2
A3
A4
594x841
549x420
297x420
297x210
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Page 7
Tng hp th thut acad
nvcboot
page 1
Tng hp th thut acad
1. Ly li c ca s dng lnh command trong ACAD:

- CTRL + 9
2. Chuyn i ca s gia cc file cad ang c bt ln, gip cho vic chuyn
i qua li gia cc file m c th bn mun tham kho:
- Dng phm Ctrl+Tab
3. Ch s trn v ch s di
Mun nh Text trong Autocad m c m trn hoc di th dng lnh g?
V d H2SO4
Lnh MTEXT.
Bn mun dng vit ch trn u, bn cho k t m (^) vo cui.
Bn mun dng vit ch di chn, bn cho k t m (^) vo u on.
Sau t xanh on m bn mun vit km c k t m, ri nhn vo phm a/b
trn thanh cng c mtext
4. Mo chn i tng
Bn ang cn chn mt i tng nm pha di mt i tng khc, bn
lm nh th no? c mt cch rt n gin: khi chn bn nhn thm ctr, pick 1
ln nu trng ri th thi, nu cha trng th pick thm ln na n s chn xoay
vng cc i tng nm ti 1 v tr cho n lc i tng bn chn l th bn
nhn phm space (enter hoc phi chut).
Bn ang bt mt lc nhiu la chn osnap, v th khi bn di chut n gn i
tng, thay vo bt theo cch bn mong mun, AutoCAD li chn kiu snap
khng ng? bn ch cn nhn phm tab chc nng osnap s thay i xoay vng
cho n kiu bn mun th thi.
5. Mo khi dng fillet
Mt s ngi khi dng lnh fillet, ch yu dng vt hai i tng vo nhau
(radius=0). Nn khi ang fillet vi mt bn knh khc, h mun bin radius v
0 th li dng tham s R ri g vo 0. Khi mun quay tr li bn knh ang lm
th li lm li.
khc phc iu ny, AutoCAD cho bn chc nng gi SHIFT, lnh fillet s
mc nh radius=0, nh ra th bn knh fillet li tr thnh bnh thng.
6. Mo bt trung im
Bn mun ch nh mt im l trung im ca 2 im khc m khng c i
tng no bt midpoint? bn s v mt line i qua 2 im v chn
midpoint, sau li xa line ny i?
Khng n ni phc tp nh th, khi bn mun xc nh trung im, bn ch
cn nhp vo mtp hoc m2p (middle between 2 point), ACAD s hi bn 2
im u mt, th l bn c im gia.
7. Mo hatch
mng hatch, pline c width dy khng che mt cc thng tin hatch, dim.
Hy s dng lnh TEXTTOFRONT, lnh ny a ton b text v/hoc dim ln
trc cc i tng khc. Lnh ny bt u c t ACAD2005.
8. Mo to block
Nu bn mun to mt anonymous block (l block khng c tn) trong bn v
bn ch cn copy cc i tng m bn mun to block bng cch dng t hp
phm Ctr+C, sau dng lnh PasteBlock.
Vi block to bng phng php ny, bn khng cn phi qun l block (tht
ra l khng qun l c). Khi bn xa i tng ny, ACAD t ng Purge
nvcboot
page 2
Tng hp th thut acad
cc anonymous block ra khi block table sau mi ln m file.

9. Tham s ca Zoom
Mc nh, tc zoom trong AutoCAD l kh thp, trong khi b con nh ta
zoom nhiu hn v. M zoom chm th kh chu. Cho nn dng lnh sau y
tng tc ti a (lnh ny khng lin quan n tng tc ha ca phn cng
nh )
ZOOMFACTOR = 100
(100 l maximum ri )
T AutoCAD 2006 n 2008 c thm hiu ng, cc bn s bit mnh ang
zoom t u . nhng nu khng c tng tc ha, zoom khng mt, h h,
hiu ng ny s gy cm gic kh chu V vy tt hn ht l tt bng i, tr li
AutoCAD c. Cc bn dng lnh sau:
VTOPTIONS
Tt b ht 2 dng option trn v ok l xong.
10. Lm th no o gc ln hn 180 ?
Vn dng lnh DIMANGULAR nh bnh thng, ch hi khc mt cht l cc
bn ng chn gc gia 2 line m bn chn chc nng o gc ca Arc hay gc
gia 3 im l c.
V d:
Command: dimangular (enter)
Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: (enter - ng ngha vi chn mc
specify vertex tc l ch nh 3 nh)
Specify angle vertex: (pick vo im 1 - im gc)
Specify first angle endpoint: (chn vo im 2 - nm trn mt cnh ca gc)
Specify second angle endpoint: (chn vo im 3 - nm trn cnh cn li ca
gc)
Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: (chn vo im 4 im m ng dim s i qua)
Dimension text = 231 (v d th)
Ni cc line, arc, lwpolyline khng chm nhau, bng tnh nng mi ca lnh
pline
Khi bn mun ni cc line, arc, polyline thnh 1 nhng chng li khng chm
nhau? Bn dng tham s Mutiple ngay sau khi s dng lnh pline, sau s
dng chc nng join:
Command: pe
PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: m
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 11 found
Select objects:
Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]:
j
Join Type = Extend
Enter fuzz distance or [Jointype] <8.0270>: 5.0
10 segments added to polyline
Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]:
11. Hy chn i tng khi nh du chn nhm:
Khi chn mt i tng m ta mun hy chn i tng thi m cc i
tng khc vn c chn khng phi chn li t u: (rt c ch khi la chn
nvcboot
page 3
Tng hp th thut acad
i tng m khng mt cng chn li t u)

-Ch li vo i tng v ng thi gi phm Shift
12. Khi mun i tng khc cng c gn thuc tnh nh mt i tng
khc: rt c ch khi chnh sa i tng trong bn v.
Dng lnh Matchdrop : lnh tt ma hoc mj
13. Khi mun chn li i tng m trc ta di chuyn :
Sau khi di chuyn mt i tng n v tr mi, m i tng khng phi
l mt block th vic mun chn li i tng di chuyn n v tr mi
ngay sau l iu m lm chng ta mt cng nu chn th cng tng i
tng, rt may l trong trng hp chng ta c th tin hnh chn nh sau:
ta li nh lnh move tip v khi select object th ta nh thng s p lp tc i
tng va c di chuyn trc s c chn li ngay lp tc.
14. Khi mun lm ti li bn v bng lnh Regen:
dng cp nht cc thit lp v ng nt hoc hin th, chng hn khi ta
t display resolution l 2000 thay cho 100 trc , ng trn v cc nt
cong s mt m hn nhng nhn trn bn v m ta vn thy khng c thay i
g th ta dng lnh Regen, sau lnh ny ta s thy nhng thay i hin r rng.
15. a ng dng vit bi cc file lp trnh cho cad vo CAD:
nh lnh : ap
Chn file load , cc file l lsp, dvb, arx, vlx, dbx, fas
Ch : ring vi file : m file lsp thy trong dng lnh no c ch defun c: th
ch sau defun c: chnh l lnh tt s dng ca ng dng.
Cch 2: Tools\Auto Lisp\ load applications Sau tm n file auto lisp load
sau y l cch load lisp vo s dng (t dng k hiu (-) thay cho vic bn
g phm enter 1 ln)
bn g AP (-), n s hin ln 1 ci bng, tm ng dn ti 2 file lisp trn,
tick vo load l c th s dng c ri
ko phi load li lisp mi ln khi ng cad th tick vo contents (c icon l
hnh ci cp), n s x ra 1 ci bng, tick vo add ri tm ng dn ti cc file
lisp l ok
16. Chnh sa lnh tt trong autocad trc tip t file acad.pgp:
Tool\customize\ editprogram parameter (acad.pgp), vo y tin hnh chnh
cc lnh tt hp vi thi quen s dng ca mnh v thun tin hn khi v.
Sau khi thay sa i lnh trong file acad.pgp th ok th chng trnhti dng
lnh command ta phi nh reinit v chn pgp file s c tc dng ngay m
khng cn phi khi ng li na.
C th dng cch command alias editor, vo y tin hnh
chnhtoolschnh sa khc: express sa lnh, ta c th add vo cng c m
khng thay i lnh tt gc ca n.
nvcboot
page 4
Tng hp th thut acad
17. cch ci t menu lnh trn thanh menubar:

Vdu: HUONG DAN CAI DAT "FASTCAD"
1. Chep toan bo thu muc "FASTCAD" vao dia cung cua may (O dau? Tuy y.)
- Mo file FASTCAD\hamtutao.lsp, chep toan bo noi dung. (ctr+A, ctr+C)
- Mo file SUPPORT\acad*doc.lsp. Chuyen con tro xuong gan cuoi file, phai o
tren dong co noi dung:
"(princ) "
- Chep noi dung file "hamtutao.lsp" vao vi tri nay. (ctr+V)
Chu y : Noi dung vua chep vao phai o tren dong "(princ) "
- Luu file SUPPORT\acad*doc.lsp lai. Dong tat ca cac file lai.
2. Chay chuong trinh ACAD.
3. Chon muc : TOOLS\OPTIONS\FILES\SUPPORT FILE SEARCH PATH.
- Chon nut "ADD"- Chon nut "BROWSE"- Sau do chi dan den thu muc
"FASTCAD".
- Chon nut "OK", "APPLY"
4. Tai dong lenh COMMAND go : "menuload"
- Chon file "fastcad.mnu". Nhan nut "OPEN" - Tiep theo chon nut "LOAD",
"OK".
18. Bn mun v nhiu t l trong mt bn v :
-Bn mun v nhiu t l trong mt bn v th c th to nhiu kiu t l trong
cad, g D ri enter, khung Dimension style manager hin ra, bn click vo ch
New, sau thit lp cc thng s, lm tng t nh th to kiu kch thc
c t l khc, khi mun dng ci no th click chn ci ri click vo Current
-> Close...
Bn to mt kiu style kch thc ring cho n, modify v chnh li s liu ti
scale factor ,v d bn scale t l 1/5 (0,2) ,th ban phi in vo scale factor l
5 thay v 1 nh mc nh
19. Lu khi nh ngha kiu kch thc (Dimstyle) cho bn v:
-Dng lnh command: d
-Trc ht nh ngha kiu kch thc t l 1:1 trc, chng hn c th thit lp
l scale factor l 1.00 ( ngha rng mt kch thc trn bn v bng 1 kch
thc thc t).
-Khi chn thit lp dmstyle cho cc bn v c t l 1:2 th h s scale factor
s l 2 ( ngha rng mt kch thc trn bn v bng 0,5 kch thc thc t, do
khi v l 1 nhng mun kch thc hin th ng vi kch thc vt tht
th trn bn v con s ghi phi l kch thc trn bn v nhn vi 2, v vy
t h s nhn l 2). Bn v t l 1/10 s c dimstyle vi h s scale factor l
10. Nu c cn c vo ngha nh vy th ta d dng thit lp c thng s
scale factor cho cc bn v tng t nh vy vi cc dimstyle ca cc bn v
c t l khc.
nvcboot
page 5
Tng hp th thut acad
V d: T l 1:1 scale factor l 1.0, c ch l 2.5

T l 1:2 scale factor l 2, c ch l 2.5
C th t t l theo cch nh ngha khc:
V d: T l 1:1 scale factor l 100, c ch l 250
T l 1:2 scale factor l 50, c ch l 250
T l 1:10 scale factor l 0.10, c ch l 2.5
20. Ghi mt ng kch thc lin tc vi cc ng kch thc khc:
Dng lnh : Dimcontinue (dco)
Chn mt ng kch thc c sn m bn nh ni tip vo , nh vy bn
phi c t nht mt ng kch thc sn c.
21. LACHN V CHNH SA NHIU I TNG CNG LC
Lnh Quick Select:
a. Cng dng: Tm nhanh v la chn nhng i tng m bn mun (Lnh
ny rt nhiu cng dng kh lit k ht c, ni chung anh em th ci s bit
ngay... Theo c nhn mnh th y l mt lnh cc k hay y).
b. Command : Trn toolbar => Tools => Quick Select (hoc nhn Alt => T =>
K) > xut hin hp thoi Quick Select nh sau:
=> Cng nh lnh Find trc tin l "la chn vng i tng" m ta cn tm,
bng cch bm vo "phm vung nh" bn phi > la chn vng min cn tm
i tng > nhn chut phi quay li hp thot Quick Select
=> Tip n, ti Object type ta chn kiu i tng m cn tm ( y mnh
chn i tng l Multiple; cc bn cng c th tm vi Mtext ; Line ....
=> Ti Properties bn chn mt trong nhng la chn a ra (v d: chn
mu i tng cn tm, chn layer cn tm, chn chiu dy...v..v)
Mnh chn Color > chn tt c cc i tng c Color (mu sc) m mnh
mun chn...
=> Gi nguyn la chn =Equals
=> Ti Value > bn c th chn mu sc cho i tng cn tm
=> Bm OK vy l ta chn nhanh cc i tng m mnh mun(cc gi tr
khc gi nguyn, cc bn c th tm hiu thm nhng ci )
=> sau khi la chn tt c cc i tng c mu sc nh vy bn s lm
nvcboot
page 6
Tng hp th thut acad
g?... Bm CTRL + 1 => vo Properties => tha h chnh sa i tng theo

bn nh....
* Mt s cng dng ca Quick Select:
Bn c th dung Quick Select thay i mt layer m bn mun trong mun
vn layer trong bn v => rt nhanh phi khng?
Bn c th i tt c mu sc mt i tng trong rt nhiu mu sc => rt tin
phi khng?
Bn c th tm tt c cc Mtext c cao Heigh = 100 i thnh 200 => rt
th v phi khng?
22. Lnh Filter.
y l mt lnh rt hay, n b tr rt nhiu cho chng ta trong qu trnh chnh
sa bn v. N gip chng ta lc cc i tng cn chn mt cch nhanh nht.
Mnh gi km theo mt file Cad hng dn d hn.
ng dng: y l mt lnh dng b tr cho cc lnh khc. V d bn mun xa
tt c cc ng kch thc chng hn, quy trnh lm nh sau:
Command: G E <Enter>
Select Objects: G fi <Ch c du nhy trc ch fi> <Enter>
Trn mn hnh hin th mn hnh Objects selection
Trong mc Select filter bn n vo nt tam gic v chn Layer (V tt c nt
kch thc c v bng lp Kich thuoc).
Sau khi chn layer bn nhn tri chut vo nt Select, hin th ln tn tt c cc
lp c khai bo trong bn v. Bn ko con tr xung v n tri chut vo
Kich thuoc, ri nhn Ok.
Quay lai ca s Objects selection, bn n tri chut vo nt Add to list, s thy
dng Layer = Kich thc pha trn (Kt thc vic chn i tng lc).
Tip theo n qu trnh lc i tng: Bn n tri chut vo nt Apply gc
di bn phi n hin ra mt vung cn di dng lnh hin th cu nhc
>>Select Objects = Chn i tng Cc bn cn chn vng lc i tng.
Nh hnh di vng chn chnh l hnh ch nht mu trng. Khi tt c i
tng c c v bng lp Kich thuoc s c chn.
Di dng lnh vn hin th Select Objects: Bn n Enter 2 ln lin tip thc
hin lnh xa tt c cc i tng lp Kich thuoc.
23. In n khng b m
Khi in c th cc nt v do thit lp lineweight nh m khi in c th m, do vy
tin hnh in ra khng b m chng ta phi t li lineweight khi in n, vo
lnh plot, chn my in,
nvcboot
page 7
Tng hp th thut acad
24. Khung bn v n mp giy khi in

Vn : Lm sao plot bn v ra ng nh ci khung mnh to nh.ai bt ch
gim vi.nu cc khong offset t mp giy n khung khng ng th va xu
m bn v li khng ng t l na.?
- Khi vo lnh in, chn Properties ca my in --> Device and Documents
Setting --> User-defined Paper Sizes & Calibration --> Modify Standard Paper
Sizes (Printable Area) --> chn kh giy v bm Modify hiu chnh khong
cch canh l ph hp. Cn in b lch c l bn qun nh du chn Center the
plot khi in
- Li l do khi in bn plot to scale trng thi fix to paper. Nu bn
mun khung tn ca bn cch ng nh bn mun bn phi xc inh ng t l
bn v bn cn in v in vo trng thi custom. v d bn mun in kh giy
A3 vi t l 1/1000 , trc ht bn v khung 297x420 . Sau bn v khung tn
cch l theo bn trong khung va v . (v d mp tri khung cch giy
20mm th bn ng khung tri cch mp tri khung A3 ng 20 unit) .
bn phi chn Center the plot
sau trong plot to scale bn chn custome v nh t l 1mm = 1 unit .
25. khung tn va ng tiu chun:
Vn : Khi hon thin bn v chng ta phi t khung tn cho chng. Lm sao
khung tn va ng tiu chun, t l theo cc kh giy khc nhau. Mi
ngi hy chia s cch t khung tn i.
Cch s dng:
+copy ci file tvcn.dwg vo Support
+load lisp
+lnh l bv
ch l s th t bn v n nhy y
khi mun sa cc ci khc thuc khung tn, bn dng lnh BE, chn khung tn
26. V cc ng song song nhanh:
Dng lnh Mline (ml)
- Khong cch gia cc ng , chn ty chn Scale , nhp vo khong cch
ca cc ng ta mun v.
27. nh s th t bng lnh Tcount, ca Express Tools
Nhiu khi chng ta cn phi sa tng text mt in cc s theo th t tng
dn. Chng hn phi in chui D1, D2, D3, D4,...D1000 theo th t tng dn
ca trc Y. nu sa bng tay th rt lu. Lnh Tcount ca Express Tool cho
php chng ta lm iu ny.
Command: tcount
Chng trnh s cho bn chn i tng
nvcboot
page 8
Tng hp th thut acad
Select objects:
Chng trnh hi bn sp xp cc i tng theo chiu tng trc x, trc y hay
theo th t lc bn chn cc i tng
Sort selected objects by [X/Y/Select-order] <Y>:
Chng trnh hi bn s u tin m bn nh, s gia m bn cho vo. V d
2,-1 s nh cc s: 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, ...
Specify starting number and increment (Start,increment) <2,-1>:
Chng trnh hi bn cch nh s vo text: Overwrite - ghi lun vo text,
Prefix - vit thm vo pha trc, Suffix - vit thm vo pha sau, Find&replace
- Thay nhng cm t c ch nh bng cc text s ny.
Placement of numbers in text [Overwrite/Prefix/Suffix/Find&replace..] <
Find&replace>:
Nu bn chn Find&replace, my hi thm c t m bn mun ch nh.
Enter search string <kts>:
V cui cng chng trnh thng bo c bao nhiu i tng text c sa
5 objects modified.
28. Mt s cch chn i tng trong CAD
1. Chn i tng bng pick chut
2. Chn i tng nm trong ca s chn bng cch pick chut t tri qua phi
mn hnh (windows) hoc dng tham s W
3. Chn i tng nm trong v trng vi ca s chn bng cch pick chut t
phi qua tri mn hnh (crossing) hoc dng tham s C
4. Chn tt c cc i tng: dng Ctrl+A
5. Chn i tng theo ng zigzag tu : dng tham s F
6. Chn i tng nm trong ca s a gic tu : dng tham s WP
7. Chn i tng nm trng v trong ca s a gic tu : dng tham s CP
8. Chn i tng c v cui cng: dng tham s L
9. Chn i tng chn trc: dng tham s P
10. Gi Ctrl bt i tng (Object Cycling)
Trong lc v nhiu khi c nhng i tng ln nhau. Bn c th chn ln
lt chng bng cch gi Ctrl ri pick chut vo ch c nhiu i tng ln
nhau. lc CAD s bt ch Cycle on. Khi bn c th b Ctrl ri
pick chut bt k ch no trn mn hnh. Cc i tng ln lt s c chn.
Khi chn c i tng cn chn bn phi chut hoc enter kt thc lnh.
11. Chn thm v b chn i tng: Dng Shift l thun tin nht, hoc dng
tham s A add thm i tng, tham s R b bt i tng chn
12. Chn i tng bng Quick Select: Tool>Quick Select
13. Chn i tng theo bng Filter (lc i tng) tham s Fi.
12 v 13 dng nhng c im nhn dng chung chn i tng. Nu dng
quen s thy rt hu ch
nvcboot
page 9
Tng hp th thut acad
29. Cch chn i tng bng lnh FI ( Filter )

V d trong 1 bn v c rt nhiu loi i tng
nh lnh FI.
Trong khung Selection Filter. Chn Circle/ And to List / Apply
Quay li ca s chnh ca CAD, ta chn tt c cc i tng trong bn v/
Ok. Gi th FI lc ra ch selec cc CIRCLE trn bn v thi !
Ging lnh filter, nhng c bit hn: Bn cn phi nht ra trong bn v nhng
i tng text c cha mt cm t nht nh, lm th no?
Hy dng lnh find c bn ca AutoCAD, cch dng:
- Gi lnh find ti dng lnh.
- Ti bng lnh, g dng ch cn tm ti phn text find string.
- Ti phn search in, click vo phm c biu tng hnh vung v con tr chut
chn cc i tng.
- Cad s quay tr li mn hnh chnh bn chn i tng. y bn g All
chn tt c cc i tng trong bn v. G xong th g enter.
- Tr li bng lnh Find and Replace, bn s thy phm Select All c t mu
en (trc n c mu xm - disable). Hy click vo phm Select All ny.
- Cad s ng bng lnh v cc i tng cha dng ch cn tm s c la
chn (high light). Cng vi dng ch trn ca s text: AutoCAD found and
selected xxx objects that contain yyy vi xxx l s i tng c chn v
yyy l cm t bn va nhp. Nu khng c i tng no tho mn, cad s
thng bo:AutoCAD found and selected 0 objects that contain yyy.
30. S dng cc kiu Dim khc nhau trong 1 Dim Style ca AutoCAD
Bn thng v ng dim c nt im l gch cho (kiu Architectural tick).

Nhng khi s dng kiu , nh im gc trng hi v duyn. Lm th no
trong cng mt Dim Style, ng kch thc thng ca bn nh bng kiu
gch cho nhng ng kch thc nh gc li l mi tn?
n gin, bn lm nh sau:
- dng lnh ddim m bng lnh Dim Style.
- Click vo kiu dim gch cho ca bn chn n.
- Click vo phm New...
- Ti ca s Create New Dimention Style, phn Use for bn chn Angular
Dimentions thay v All Dimentions mc nh ca AutoCAD.
nvcboot
page 10
Tng hp th thut acad
- Trong bng lnh New Dimention Style: xxx:Angular (xxx l kiu Dim ca
bn). Bn chn phn Lines and Arrows, sa Arrowheads theo mun ca bn.
- Nhn ok, ok.

Nh vy bn to c mt Dimstyle mang tn xxx trong c 2 kiu nh
kch thc khc nhau.
v kt qu l:
nvcboot
page 11
Tng hp th thut acad
31. V nhanh cc bn v chi tit vi AutoCad
V theo ng nt bn v gc
Tt layer cha bn v gc, hon tt bn v

Khi bn c mt bn v cu to ca mt chi tit, thit b, nhng khng c
cc thng s kch thc, do , bn s mt nhiu thi gian v li bn v .
C mt cch nhanh hn bn v li cc bn v ny, trnh t lm nh sau:
u tin bn mang bn v gc ln my qut (scanner) thnh file hnh nh, lu
tp tin v chn nh dng l JPG (nu bn chn nh dng file l BMP th khi
chn vo, mu sc ca cc ng nt s ging nh mu sc ca lp (layer) m
nvcboot
page 12
Tng hp th thut acad
bn chn hnh. Nu bn v c kh ln, bn c th photo thu nh v kh A3, A4

c th a ln my qut.
Tip theo, bn chn hnh nh vo bn v bng cch vo Insert\Raster Image...
sau la chn bn v cn v chn vo. Th l lc ny bn c mt mu
nn, ch cn v t theo bn v nn, hiu chnh li cho ph hp. Sau khi v xong,
bn tt layer cha bn v gc, hon tt bn v.
31. Cc thao tc, lu khi thc hin:
* Khi bn scan hnh nh c th b lch, lc ny bn cn xoay bn v gc cho
thng bng lnh rotate (ro). Bn cn v mt trc tm chun thng ng (F8),
sau v thm mt trc tm theo bn v gc, dng ty chn Reference quay
cho tm bn v gc trng khp vi ng tm chun: g lnh "ro", chn bn v
gc, chn tm quay l im giao nhau ca hai trc tm, g "r" la ty chn
Reference, click vo hai im trn ng tm ca bn v gc, ko n v tr
trng vi ng tm chun.
* Trong qu trnh v trnh vic s lm di chuyn hnh gc lch khi v tr
ban u, bn cn kha hnh gc bng cch kha layer cha hnh gc li v iu
chnh nh sau: vo Modify\Object\Image\Frame sau g "off" (nu l
AutoCad 2006 th chn "0"), sau ny nu cn thay i th bn lm tng t v
g lnh "on" (nu l AutoCad 2006 th chn "1").
* Trong qu trnh v, khi bn phng to, thu nh (zoom), ko r mn hnh v
(pan) th hnh gc s khng hin th do bn kh c th qun l, theo di.
hnh gc lun hin trn mn hnh bn cn hiu chnh nh sau: Vo
Tool\Options. Ti tab Display, bn nh du chn Pan and zoom with raster
& OLE. Lc ny khi bn phng to, thu nh th hnh gc vn hin th trn
mn hnh ch khng n i.
* Khi chn hnh gc vo bn cn phng to hnh ln cho ph hp, nu bn
qu nh th s gp kh khn trong lc v do n v phn chia lc ny qu b,
khi bn v cc ng cong th khi hin th c lc n s gy khc, bn dng lnh
redraw (re) n s trn li, tuy nhin nu bn phng to s d v hn.
* Khi bn phng to ln th ng nt ca bn v gc cng s to ln, do bn
s v theo bng cch chn khong gia ung nt ca bn v gc l ph hp
nht.
* Khi bn chn hnh vo, AutoCad ch nhn din lin kt (link) n bn v gc
ch khng chn hnh vo bn v. Do , khi chp sang my khc, th mc
khc hiu chnh, sa cha th bn cn chp c hnh gc theo.
S cn tng hp tip.......
nvcboot
page 13
BI GING :
AUTOCAD NNG CAO V

LP TRNH TRONG AUTOCAD
Ngi lp : Trn anh Bnh
Sch tham kho :
Wileys & Sons

George Omura
John Wiley & Sons
KTS.Lu Triu Nguyn.
TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
Nguyn Thanh Trung.
AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
AutoCAD 2004 Activex and VBA
KS.Hong Thnh An.
AutoCAD 2004 Bible
Mastering in AutoCAD 2000
AutoCAD 2004 For Dummies
AutoCAD 2000 (1,2)
AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao
Cc tin ch thit k trn AutoCAD
S tit ging : 45 Tit

AutoCAD nng cao : 45 tit
L thuyt : 30 tit
Thc hnh : 5 bui (5x3=15 tit)
PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)
I.
Quy nh v bn v.
1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v
2. Cc khng gian trong CAD
3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v
4. Mt s quy nh chung
4.1. Khung v t l bn v
4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
II. Thit lp mi trng v.

1. Text style.
2. Layer.
3. Dimesion Style.
4. Hatch.
5. Lnh LineType.
6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.
6.1. Block
6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block
6.3. Qun l cc block.
7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.
8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option
III. Gii thiu Express Tools.
Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N (6 tit)

I.
Lm vic vi Layout
1. Paper Space
2. Cc thao tc trn Viewport ca Paper Space
2.1. Tao cc Viewport
2.2. Ct xn ng bao Viewport
2.3. T l trong tng Viewport
2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport
2.5. n hin viewport
2.6. n hin ng bao viewport
2.7. Scale LineType
2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport
3. Cc chu khi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v
II. iu khin in n.
1. Khai bo thit b in.
2. In ra file *.PLT
Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)

I.
Tham kho ngoi

1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.
2. Chen mt xref vo bn v
3. M mt xref t bn v chnh
4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh.
4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).
4.2. Thm, bo bt cc i tng khoi working set (Lnh refset).
4.3. Lnh refclose
4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.
5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.
5.1. Xref v cc thnh phn hin phu thuc.
5.2. Xref v lp.
5.3. Lnh Xbin.
5.4. Tham chiu vong.
5.5. Xn cc xref.
5.6. Tng tc hin th ca cc xref ln.
6. Qun l xref
6.1. ng dn ca cc xref.
6.2. Xref notification
6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.
6.4. File bin bn (log) ca xref.
II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database)
1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu.
3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.
5. Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD
6. Tao cc mu kt ni.
7. Tao, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni.
8. Quan st cc kt ni.
9. Tao mu nhn.
10. Tao nhn.
11. S dung query truy tm d liu
11.1. S dung Quick Query
11.2. S dung Range Query
11.3. S dung Range Query
11.4. S dung Link Select
III. Lm vic vi Raster Image
1. Tng quan
2. Chen nh (inserting images
3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)
4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images)
5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)
5.1. iu khin hin th
5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality)
5.3. Image transparency
5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)
IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD
2. Linking data
3. Pasting data into AutoCAD
3
Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)

I.
Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)

1. Khi nim v Shape.
2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.
2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).
2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)
II. To font ch
1. Tao font ch SHX.
2. Tao big font.
3. Tao big font t file m rng.
III. To cc dng ng (file linetype)
1. Khi nim v phn loai dang ng.
2. Tao cc dang ng n gin.
2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.
2.2. Tao linetype bng cch soan tho trc tip trong .LIN
IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape
1. Dang ng phc c cha i tng ch.
V. To cc mu mt ct.
1. File mu mt ct.
2. Tao mu mt ct n gin.
3. Tao cc mu mt ct phc tap.
VI. Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc loai menu
1.2. Cc loai file menu
1.3. Ti, g bo mt menu
2. Ty bin mt menu
2.1. Cu truc mt file menu
2.2. Menu Macro
2.3. Pull-down Menu
2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu
2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu
2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu
2.3.4. Chen v loai bo Pull-down menu trn menubar
2.4. Shortcut menu.
2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
2.5.2. Tao cc AUX menu.
2.5.3. Menu swaping.
2.6. Image Tile menus
2.6.1. Section ca Image menu
2.6.2. M t muc chn ca menu hnh nh
2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh
2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide.
2.7. Menu mn hnh.
2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh.
2.8. Chui chu thch thanh trang thi.
2.8.1. Section ca oan m t chui chu thch.

2.8.2. M t chui chu thch.
2.9. Tao cc phm tt.
2.9.1. Section ca oan m t cc phm tt
2.9.2. Tao phm tt
VII. Toolbar
1. cch tao toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar
1.1. Tao Toolbar
1.2. Tao nut lnh mi
1.3. Sa nut lnh
1.4. Tao mt Flyout
2. Cch tao toolbars bng cch soan tho trong file *.mnu
2.1. Dong m t tng qut thanh cng cu
2.2. Dong m t loai nut lnh Button
2.3. Dong m t loai nut lnh Flyout.
2.4. Dong m t nut lnh Control.
PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)

MC CH V NI DUNG CA PHN AUTOCAD NNG CAO.
Sinh vin lm quen vi AutoCAD qua mn hc hnh ha, cc n mn hc. Nhng
phn ln SV mi ch lm quen vi AutoCAD v bit c mt s lnh c bn. Phn
AutoCAD nng cao s tao cho sinh vin bit cch b cuc, trnh by bn v mt cch chuyn
nghip, bit cch lm ch mi trng v ca mnh.
Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)

I. Quy nh v bn v.
1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v
Hnh dang
Vt liu (b tng, g ,)
Kch thc (thng qua Dim, thng qua t l + kch thc trn bn v)
T l
ng nt (thy khut)
2. Cc khng gian trong CAD
CAD cung cp 2 khng gian Model Space v Paper Space.
Model Space
L khng gian giy v
Cc thao tc v thng c thc hin trn m hnh ny.
Paper Space
Cng l mt khng gian v.
Trong paper space (PS), ban c th chen title block, tao cc layout viewport,
dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.
Trong PS ban c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc
nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport). (c bit quan trng trong v phi cnh kin
trc)
3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v
Giup ngi dng thc hin qu trnh v mt cch nhanh hn.
Bn v, quy cch v c thng nht thnh tiu chun v, mu ha trong nhiu
khu
Bn v c t chc th hin mt r rng, mach lac.
Thnh qu lao ng c ti s dung lai mt cch chuyn nghip hn
4. Mt s quy nh chung
4.1. Khung v t l bn v
C 2 cch v :
V t do : ko nh gii han bn v
V theo khung : Bn v c gii han theo kh giy (lnh Limits)
Cc loai khung : khung A1,A2,A3,A4
T l bn v l t l gia kch thc trn bn v khi in ra v kch thc thc. C cc
cch v th hin t l bn v nh sau :
V theo t l 1:1, scale khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn Model Space)
V theo t l bn v. Gi nguyn khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn layout)
V theo t l bt k, khng ch t l khung in/ t l bn v (t dng)
6
Lnh MVSetup.
4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
Quy nh v ng nt khi in :
Nt lin mnh (ng bao dm, ng bao ct, cc nt thng thng) :
Nt lin m (Cc nt thp, nt ct qua,) :
Nt hach
Nt ca ch (ch dng khi font s dung SHX) :
Nt ca ng ghi chu v kch thc :
Quy nh v chiu cao ca ch : Bn v thng thng gm c hai c ch, ty theo t l
m ta t chiu cao ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin khi in ra phi m bo chiu co ch ghi chu,
chiu cao ch ca dim l 2,5mm. Chiu cao ch ca tiu l 5mm. (nu v du v chiu cao
ch v t l bn v)
Quy nh v khong cch cc Dim.
Khong cch t chn dim n dim l 10mm
Khong cch gia cc Dim song song nhau l 8mm
II. Thit lp mi trng v.
1. Text style.
Command : STyle
Style name : Tn style

New, rename, delete : Tao mi, thay i tn v xa mt kiu ch (Text style)
Font
Font name : Tn phng
font style : Chn font ch m rng ca font shx khi chn Use Big font
Height : Chiu cao mc nh ca font. AutoCAD s u tin s dng chiu cao ny
trong ton b bn v. Nu chiu cao ny bng 0 th AutoCAD s ly chiu cao
nhp vo khi chn text
Effects
Upside down : Ln ngc ch theo trc nm ngang
Backwards : Quay ngc ch theo trc thng ng
Vertical : Ch theo phng thng ng
Width factor : Phng ch theo chiu ngang.

Oblique Angle : Gc nghing ca ch.
Preview : xem trc cc nh dang chn.
2. Layer.
Command : Layer
Bng Layer Properties Manager hin ln :
,
Filter :
Tao mt filter (n vo nut new filter)
Filter name : Tn ca nhm lc.

Filter definition
Status : 2 ch : ang s dng (current in use) v Tt c layer (all layer)
Name : Lc theo tn, s dng du * thay th cho mt nhm k t, du ? thay
th cho mt k t.
On, freeze, lock, color, lineweight, Plot Style, Plot : Lc theo cc thuc tnh ca
layer.
Filter preview : Xem trc cc i layer lc.
Nu dong lnh nhiu hn mt dong c coi l iu kin hoc.
Group Layer :
Tao tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi tao khng bao gm cc layer trong bn v.
Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th tao tng b lc layer khc
nhau.
Khi ta chen mt block hay chen mt xref vo th AutoCAD s t ng chen thm group
layer.
Layer States Manager
Ta c th xut cc nh dang layer ra file cha layer *.LAS
Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi phuc lai n bng cch import
lai cc thuc tnh c lu lai trong file *.LAS. Chu cc layer b xa i th s khng
khi phuc lai c.
Cc thuc tnh c khi phuc lai c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore. (Frezen
: qu kh ca freeze ng bng, Thaw : s tan bng )
Turn off layers not found in layer state : Tt tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong file
*.LAS khi khi phuc lai thuc tnh.
3. Dimesion Style.
Command : DIMSTYLE
Set current : Chuyn dimstyle c chn sang ch o hin hnh.

New : Tao mi Dimstyle.
Modify : Chnh sa Dimstyle.
Override : Dng khi mun gn chng tam thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch
thc c chn.
Compare : So snh cc thng s trong 2 loai Dimstyle khc nhau trong bn v.
Hp thoai tao new :
Hp thoi Use for : Loai kch c p dung trong khi o

All dimension : Tt c cc loi kch thc.
Linear : Kch thc thng.
10
Angular : o gc
Radius : o bn knh
Diameter : o ng knh.
Ordinate : Ta im
Leader and tolerance : Ch thch vi ng dn v dung sai.
Frame Dimension Line : (ng kch thc)

Extend beyond ticks : Khong cch ng kch thc nh ra khi ng ging khi
ta chn arrowheads l gch cho.
Baseline spacing : Khong cch gia ng kch thc trong chui kch thc
song song.
Suppress : B qua ng kch thc th nht, th hai, v c th nht ln th hai.
M t trong hnh v di y :
Frame Dimension Line:
Extend beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc.
Offset from origin : Khong cch t gc ng ging n u ng ging.
Suppress :B qua ng ging th nht, th hai, c hai ng ging.
M t trong hnh v di y.
Arrowheads : (Mi tn)

1st : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th nht.
2nd : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th hai.
Leader : Dng mi tn cho u ng ch thch.
Arrow size : ln u mi tn. Chn User arrow, khi hp thoi hin ra, ta
nhp tn block dng lm mi tn vo hp thoi.
Center Marks for Circles : (Du tm v ng tm)
Type : Dang du tm (mark), ng tm (line) hay khng hin g (none).
Size : kch thc du tm.
11
Text Appearance:
Text style : Chn tn kiu ch hin ln trong kch thc. Ta c th lm hin bng
text style trong [] bn cnh text style.
Text color : Mu ch
Fill color : mu nn ca ch.
Text height : Chiu cao ca ch.
Fraction height scale : Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai v ch s kch
thc.
Draw frame around text : V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc.
Text Placement :
Vertical : iu chnh v tr ch theo phng thng ng.
Center : Ch s nm gia ng kch thc.
Above : Ch s nm trn ng kch thc.
Outside : v tr nm ngoi ng kch thc v xa im gc o nht.
JIS (Japanese industrial Standards) : v tr ch ca ng kch thc theo tiu
chun Nht.
Horizontal : V tr ca ch so vi phng nm ngang.
Centered : nm gia hai ng ging.
1 st Extension Line : Ch s nm v pha ng ging th nht. Khong cch
t ch n ng ging bng tng chiu di mi tn v bin Offset from dim line
Offset from dim line : khong cch t ch n ng kch thc. TC khong 1-2
mm.Nu ch nm gia ng kch thc th y l khong cch gia ch v 2
nhnh ca ng kch thc.Nu bin ny m th AutoCAD s t ng chuyn s
ny thnh dng.
Text Alignment : iu chnh hng ca ch.
Horizontal : ch lun lun nm ngang.
Aligned with dimension line : ch c ging song song vi ng kch thc.
ISO Standard : ch s song song vi ng kch thc khi n nm trong hai ng
ging, v s nm ngang trong trng hp nm ngc li.
12
Fit Options : th ny s kim tra xem, nu ch trng th s t text v ng kch

thc theo ung v tr quy nh muc trc. Con nu khng ch trng ghi text th
text v ng kch thc s c ghi theo cc quy nh sau :
Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best :
Khi ch trng th text v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho text th mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Khi ch ch cho mi tn th text s c v ra ngoi.
Arrows :
Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn s c v trong 2 ng ging con
ch th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Text :
Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho Text th Text s c v trong 2 ng ging con mi
tn th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho Text th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Both text and arrouws : Khi khng choc ho ch s hoc mi tn th c hai s
c v ra ngoi.
Always keep text between ext lines : ch s v kch thc lun lun nm gia hai
ng ging.
Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside the extension lines : s khng xut hin mi
tn nu gia hai ng ging khng ch trng v.
Text Placement : quy nh v tr ca ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chung ra khoi v
tr mc nh
Beside the dimension line : Sp xp bn cnh ng ging.
Over the dimension line, with a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc km
theo mt ng dn.
13
Over the dimension line, without a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc m

km theo bt k mt ng dn no.
Scale for Dimension Features :
Use overall scale of : Phng ton b cc bin kch thc theo t l ny. Ring gi
tr ch s o c khng b thay i.
Scale dimensions to layout (paper space) : Dng trong paper space. Nghin cu
sau.
Fine Tuning : gn mt s la chn b xung.
Place text manually when dimensioning : t v tr text bng cch t chn v tr
sau mi ln o.
Always draw dim line between ext lines : Lun lun v ng kch thc nm gia
hai ng ging.
Linear Dimensions : gn dang v n v cho kch thc di

Unit format : Gn dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc,
ngoi tr kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Decimal.
Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi
tr o c.
Fraction format : Gn dng cho phn s, cc la chn bao
gm : Digonal, Horizontal v not stacked.
Dicimal separator : Quy nh v du ngn cch gia phn thp
phn v phn nguyn.
Round off : Quy nh v cch lm trn. VD nhp vo 0.15 th tt
c cc s o s lm trn n 0.15
Prefix/ Suffix : Tin t v hu t ca text o c.
Measurement Scale :
Scale factor : chiu di o c s c nhn vi bin ny ra chiu di hin th
trong dim.
Apply to layout dimensions only : Dng trong paper space, cha nhgin cu y
Zero suppression :
14
Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25

Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
Angular Dimensions :
Unit format : Gn dng n v cho kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Degreesl.
Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c.
Zero suppression :
Alternate units : gn cc n v lin kt. Gn dang v chnh xc n v chiu di,

gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o lin kt (gia inch v minimeter)
Display alternate units : Hin th kch thc lin kt( l dang kch thc nh kem vi
kch thc lin kt chnh, v du nh kch thc lin kt chnh l minimeter, con kch thc
lin kt l inch. Kch thc lin kt phu l kch thc i kem gii thch cho kch thc
chnh)
Alternate units
Unit format : Gn n v lin kt.
Precision :Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha da trn dng n v di v gc m
bn chn.
Multiplier for alt units : Chnh s t l gia n v kch thc chnh v n v kch
thc lin kt.
Round distance to : Quy nh quy tc lm trn s cho kch thc lin kt
Prefix : Tin t cho kch thc lin kt.
Suffix : Hu t cho kch thc lin kt.
Zero suppression :
Leading :B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing :B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5
Placement : nh v v tr t kch thc lin kt
15
After primary value : t v tr kch thc lin kt sau v tr kch thc lin kt
chnh.
Below primary value : t kch thc lin kt di v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.
Tolerance : iu khin s hin th v hnh dang ca cc ch s dung sai.

Tolerance Fomat
Methode : Gn phng php tnh dung sai kch thc.
None : khng thm vo sau kch thc sai lch gi hn gi tr

dung sai.
Symmetrical : Du xut hin trc cc gi tr dung sai. Khi
sai lch gii han trn v sai lch gii han di s c gi tr
tuyt i bng nhau. Ta ch cn nhp gi tr vo upper value.
Deviation : Sai lch gii hn m v dng khc nhau, khi ta in sai lch gii
hn m vo Lower value v sai lch gii hn dng vo Upper value.
Limits : To nn cc kch thc gii hn. Kch thc gii hn trn bng kch thc
danh ngha cng vi gi tr sai lch gii hn trn (Upper value), kch thc gii
hn di bng kch thc danh ngha tr i gii hn di (Lower value) .
Basic : To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong cch t ch
s kch thc n khung ch nht bng khong cch t ch s kch thc n
ng kch thc khi khng chn muc ny.
Precision : Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha.

Upper value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn trn.
16
Lower value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn di.

Scaling for height : T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch
thc.
Vertical position : Quy nh im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai
dang symmetrical. Bao gm 3 kiu (Bottom, middle, top).
Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh xc cho kch thc lin
kt.
Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc lin kt.
Zero suppression :
4. Hatch.
Command : BHATCH
The Hatch
Type : C 3 mu mt ct :
Predefinied : Cho php ta chn mu mt ct trong file
ACAD.PAT. C 3 loi mt ct l ANSI (American
National Standards Institute), ISO (International
Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined
Custom : Chn mu mt ct c to t cc file .PAT
User Defined : Dng chn mu cc on thng song song. Khi ta nhp vo
khong cch gia cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) ca hatch.
17
Swatch (mu mt ct) : Hin h mu mt ct chn. Nu chn mu mt ct l Solid th

swatch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.
Custom pattern : Chn cc mu la chn cha trong file .PAT

Pattern : Chn cc mu c sn trong file ACAD.PAT
Angle : Gc nghing ca hatch
Scale : T l phng
Iso pen with : Nu chn mu theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng ca but khi xut
bn v ra giy
Double : Ch c tc dung khi ta chn User Defined Pattern. Double Hatch cho php ta
tao thm cc ng mt ct vung gc. Hnh thnh li vung lin tip nhau.
Pick points, Select objects : Chn mt vng khp kn.
Remove Island : Bo i mt vng nho trong vng chn
Inherit Properties : Ly mu mt ct t mt hatch t trn bn v
Associative : Nu chn muc ny th hacth s t ng bm dnh ly cc ng bin. Cu
th l khi ta di chuyn ng bin hay mt object bn trong hatch, Hatch s t ng thay i
bm ly cc object v boundary.
Th Advanced
Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt ct nh m t trong hnh kem theo :
18
Object type (mu mt ct) : Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bin sau khi hatch
s tr thnh dang polyline hoc Region..
Buondary set : Chn khi xc nh ng bin bng pick point.
Current viewport : Ch gii han trong ca s nhn
hin hnh.
Chn new chn mt gii han cho lnh pick point.
Khi buondary set s thnh Existing set
Island detection method : m t cch xc nh
cc island.
Food : Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin.
Ray casting : D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu kim
ng h.
One color : Phi gia mu c chn v mu trng.

Tint : Mu nh.
Shade : Mu m.
Two color : Phi gia hai mu c chn.
Center : ng tm.
Angle : gc quay ca mu.
5. Lnh LineType.
Command : Linetype
19
Hp thoi LineType Manager.

Global scale factor (lnh ltscale) : quy nh t l phng to hay thu nh ng thng
( Dng khi ng thng khng phi l nt lin)
Current object scale (lnh celtscale) Quy nh t l dng ng cho i tng sp
v. V d : Khi bin ltscale bng 2, bin celtscale bng 0.5 khi i tng sp v
s c t l dng ng l 1.
Linetype filters : Lc cc ng hin th trn linetype manager. Nt invert filter l
ph nh ca hp filter .
6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.
6.1. Block
Command : block.
20
Name : Ti a 255 k t.
Object.
Retain : Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit
Convert to block : Chuyn tt c cc i tng thnh group lun.
Delete : Xa tt c cc i tng chn sau khi to block.
Preview icon : Cho php xem trc block nh mt Icon.
Drag and drop units : Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp c s thay i t
l khi ko t AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v.
Description :
Hyperlink :
6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block
nh ngha thuc tnh
Thuc tnh l thnh phn ca mt block c th l dong ch nh kem theo khi (block).
N nh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh v cc dong nhc hin th khi chen block vi thuc tnh.
To thuc tnh cho khi.
Lnh Attdef (Define attributes) : Cho php nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca block. Thi
thc hin lnh Attdef hp thoai sau s hin ln :
21
Cc la chn ca hp thoai Attribute Definition nh sau :

Mode :
Attribute modes : Phng thc thuc tnh. Gm 4 la chn xc nh c xut hin v gi
tr thuc tnh : Invisible. Constant, Verify v present.
Invisible : sau ki chen block vi thuc tnh th thuc tnh s khng hin ln trn
mn hnh. La chn ny s giup cho vic ti tao bn v c nhanh hn. Cc c th
iu khin lai s hin th ca cc thuc tnh bng vic thay i lai la chn trong
lnh Attdisp.
Constant : cc gi tr thuc tnh s khng thay i. Khi soan tho Prompt trn
vng attribute s c che i.
Verify : khi chen block cng cc thuc tnh th dong nhc thm tra lai s chnh xc
ca cc thuc tnh va nhp s c hin ln.
Preset : AutoCAD khng cho php nhp gi tr thuc tnh khi s dung lnh insert
chen, tuy nhin thuc tnh ny c th thay i bng lnh Attedit.
Attribute : gn d liu cho cc thuc tnh (attribute data). Ban c th nhp ti a 256k
t, Du gach ch (\) s thay cho k t trng. Nu ban mun nhp k t \ th phi nhp hai k
t gach cho canh nhau.
Tag : Xc nh tn ca tag. C th cha k t bt k ngoai tr du cch v du
chm than. AutoCAD s t ng thay th ch thng thnh ch hoa.
Prompt : nh dong nhc thuc tnh, s c hin th khi ban mun chen block
cha thuc tnh. Nu ban chn constant th vng mode ny s khng hin ln.
Value : nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh.
Insertion point : nh v tr cho thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr ta hoc chn pick point
nh v tr im trc tip chen trn bn v.
Text options : gn cc nh dang k t cho ch (attribute text).
Justification : nh im canh l cho dong ch thuc tnh (Nh lnh DText)
22
Text Style : nh kiu ch cho dong ch thuc tnh.

Height : nh chiu cao ca dong ch thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr vo ny hoc chn
height< nhp chiu cao bng cch nhp hai im trn bn v. Nu ban nhp
chiu cao ca Text style trong lnh Style th height s b m i.
Rotation : Ch nh gc nghing cho dong ch thuc tnh. Nhp gc quay vo
rotaion. Nu ban chn Align hoc fit trn danh sch justufication th la chn ny
s c che m i.
Align below previous attribute definition : sp xp cc attribute tag ngay bn di
thuc tnh nh ngha trc ( cho trng hp block c nhiu thuc tnh). Nu
trc ban cha tao bt k mt thuc tnh no th la chn ny s m i.
Hiu chnh cc nh ngha thuc tnh.
Lnh Ddedit (vit tt ED). Bng Edit Attribute Definition hin ra nh sau :
Ban c th chnh lai cc thng s ca thuc tnh ri n nut OK.

Ngoi ra ta c th s dung lnh change thay i cc nh ngha thuc tnh hin c.
Gn thuc tnh cho block.
gn thuc tnh cho block ta gn thuc tnh cho block khi nh ngha block ngha l
khi tao block ta chn thm nh ngha.
Trnh t chn cc thuc tnh quy nh trnh t hin th cc dong nhc khi ban chen block
vi thuc tnh bng lnh insert.
Chen block vi thuc tnh vo trong bn v.
Chen block c thuc tnh bng lnh insert cng nh chen block bnh thng. Tuy nhin
nu bin ATTDIA = 1 th xut hin hp thoai Enter Attributes, trn hp thoai ny ta nhp cc
gi tr thuc tnh. Phu thuc vo s lng cc thuc tnh m ta gn cho block m ta c s
lng cc TextBox nhiu hay t. Ngc lai nu ATTDIA = 0 th hp thoai ny s khng c
hin ln. ta nhp cc thuc tnh ca block di dong lnh.
23
Ximang
ViNaComex
14
iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh.
Lnh Attdisp iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh block tai bn v hin hnh. Bin
ny l ON th s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block. Bin ny l OFF th cc thuc tnh ny s
khng c hin th ln. Vic tt s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block khi khng cn hit s
lm cho bn v c ti tao nhanh hn.
Command: attdisp
Enter attribute visibility setting [Normal/ON/OFF] <Normal>: of
Regenerating model.
Cp nht thay i.
Lnh Attsync cho php cp nht nhng g thay i ca block ch nh vi cc thuc
tnh hin hnh xc nh cho block.
V du khi thay i cc thuc tnh, sau ta nh ngha lai block. Dng lnh AttSync
update lai cc thuc tnh ca block.
Command: attsync
Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: ?
24
Attributed blocks: 123

Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: N
Enter name of block to sync or [?]: 123
Chn block cn cp nht chn select.
Nhp ? lit k danh sch block c.
Ch nh tn ca block cn cp nht chn Name.
Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca block.
Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Attedit
Lnh Attedit cho php ban hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca block chen vo trong bn
v. Khi nh lnh ny hp thoai Edit Attribute s hin ln. Tuy nhin lnh ny ch cho php
hiu chnh block vi thuc tnh mt cch ring l.
Lnh -Attedit
Edit attributes one at a time? [Yes/No] <Y>: N
Performing global editing of attribute values.
Edit only attributes visible on screen? [Yes/No] <Y>:
Enter block name specification <*>:
Enter attribute tag specification <*>:
Enter attribute value specification <*>:
Sa nhiu thuc tnh mt luc

Chn tt c cc block
chn Ximang ca block th
nht.
chn Thep ca block th hai.
Chn Ximang ca block th ba
Select Attributes: 1 found

Select Attributes:
3 attributes selected.
Enter string to change: Ximang
Enter new string: Cat
Thay nhng chui l Ximang

thnh chui Cat
25
Trc khi hiu chnh
Ximang
ViNaComex
Thep
Viet Uc
Ximang
ViNaComex
21
25
12
Sau khi hiu chnh
Cat
ViNaComex
Thep
Viet Uc
Cat
ViNaComex
21
25
12
Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Eattedit.

Lnh Eattedit (hoc nhy kp chut) hp thoai Enhanced Attribute Editor c hin
th :
Command: Ettedit
Select block reference:
Nu block ban chn khng cha thuc tnh hoc i tng chn khng phi l block th
xut hin dong thng bo li. Ban phi chn lai block khc.
26
Select Block : chn block trn bn v.

Apply : Cp nht cc thay i cu thuc tnh.
Attribute :
Hin th Tag, Prompt v Value gn cho mi thuc tnh
Value : Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh c chn.
Text Options : gn cc thuc tnh cho text. Cc la chn nh trong hp thoai tao thuc
tnh cho block.
TextStyle :Kiu text thuc tnh s hin ln mn hnh.
Justification : Ch nh im canh l cho text thuc tnh.
Height : Ch nh chiu cao dng ch thuc tnh.
Rotation : Ch nh gc quay thuc tnh dng ch thuc tnh.
Backwards : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng theo phng thng ng.
Upside down : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng phng ngang.
Oblique Angle : Ch nh nghing dong ch thuc tnh.
27
Propertie : xc nh lp cha thuc tnh chiu rng nt in, dang ng, mu,.
Layer : Ch r lp cha thuc tnh
LineType : ch nh dng ng.
Color : ch nh mu ca text thuc tnh.
Plot Style : Ch r kiu in ca thuc tnh. Nu bn v s dng kiu in hin hnh l
kiu in theo mu th bng ny s c lm m i.
LineWeight : Ch r chiu rng net ca thuc tnh.
Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh.
S dung lnh Battman hiu chnh cc tnh cht thuc tnh ca nh ngha block. Khi
nh lnh Battman hp thoai Block Attribute Manager hin ln nh sau :
Chn Edit th hp thoai Edit Attribute s hin ln nh sau :
28
The Attribute : nh trnh by trong muc tao thuc tnh.

Data : Ban c th sa gi tr ca Tag, Prompt, Default.
The Text Options : chn cc nh dang v ch.

Backwards : i xng theo phng thng ng
Upside down: i xng theo phng ngang.
Cc la chn khc nh trong phn to thuc tnh ca khi.
29
The Properties : bao gm cc la chn v layer, color, linetype,

Nu chn setting th hp thoai setting s hin ln nh sau
Trch thng tin thuc tnh.

Sau khi tao v chen block vi thuc tnh vo bn v, ta c th trch thng tin ca block
ra file nh dang ACII (.TXT). Cc thng ny c th c s dung bi mt s phn mm
khc.
Lnh Attext (Attribute Extaction).
30
Format file : chn cc nh dang format file AutoCAD duyt qua nh s trnh
by di y.
Select Object : chn cc block cn trch thng tin. S lng cc block chn th hin
trong Number found.
Output File : chn file s xut thng tin ra.
File thng tin thuc tnh (Format file).
Thng tin thuc tnh ch c trch khi tn Tag ph hp vi tn trng c nh ngha
trong file mu. Lnh Attext nh trnh by trn cho ta 3 nh dang ca file mu (format
file).
Comma delimited file (CDF)
Space delimited file (SDF)
DXF Format Extract File (DXX)
CDF l nh dang trong thuc tnh ca mi block c chn s c l mt record.
Du (,) s tch trng cu mi record, du () bao quanh trng k t.
SDF l nh dang tao ra file cha ng mt record cho mi tham kho block. Mi
trng ca mt record c chiu di c nh v khng dung bt k mt du phn cch no gia
cc trng cng nh cc chui k t.
DXX l nh dang tao nn tp hp con nh dang file trao i bn v ca AutoCAD
trong DXX l mt phn nho ca DXF. File DXX khng oi hoi file nh dang v n theo
nh dang ca DXF file.
Cu trc ca file mu thng tin thuc tnh.
File mu c trnh cha tt c cc thng tin lin quan n attribute, name, location,
ca block. Sau khi nh ngha file mu, AutoCAD s s dung tao ra cc file thng tin ca
block.
V du file mu di y cha tt c cc thng tin c th trch ra t block.
Field
Format
Explanation
BL: LEVEL
NWWW000
Mc block lng nhau
BL: NAME
CWWW000
Tn block
BL: X
NWWWPPP
Honh X im chen
BL: Y
NWWWPPP
Tung Y im chen
31
BL: Z
BL: NUMBER
BL: HANDLE
BL: LAYER
BL: ORIENT
BL: XSCALE
BL: YSCALE
BL: ZSCALE
BL: XEXTRUDE
BL: YEXTRUDE
BL: ZEXTRUDE
BL: SPACE
NWWWPPP
NWWW000
CWWW000
CWWW000
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
CWWWPPP
Cao Z im chen
Block counter
Block handle
Tn layer khi chn block
Gc quay ca block
T l phng theo truc X
T l phng theo truc Y
T l phng theo truc Z
Thnh phn X ca hng dn ra ca block.
Thnh phn Y dng trong v 3D
Thnh Phn Z
Chen mt khong trng vo v tr ny.
Ngoi cc thng tin trn ta con c th trch cc thng tin thuc tnh i kem ca block
(Attributes tag) nh v du sau :
Attribute tag
Hang
Soluong
Format
CWWWPPP
NWWW000
Gii thch nh dang m t (Fomat) : TWWWPPP

T : k t u tin s quy nh gi tr ca thuc tnh l ch hay s (C :character, N :
number).
WWW : s quy nh di ca gi tr thuc
tnh (bao gm c du phy v du chm phn
cch gia phn thp phn v phn nguyn).
PPP : chnh xc i vi s con i vi tt
c cc k t ta dng 000.
V du N006002 : quy nh gi tr l s (N), gi tr
c th ln ti 999.99 (v 006 bao gm c du chm v
002 cho php ly chnh xc ti 2 ch s thp phn).
V d v file mu .
S dung trnh soan tho NotePad tao ra file
vl.txt c ni dung nh sau :
BL : NAME
BL : X
BL : Y
BL : SPACE
TENVL
HANG
KHOILUONG
C004000
N008002
N008002
C002000
C012000
C006000
N008000
Khi file trch thng tin ca ta c dang nh sau :
32
Xut thng tin thuc tnh block bng lnh Eattext

nh lnh Eattext, hp thoai Attribute Extraction wizard hin ln :
Drawings
Select object : chn mt hoc nhiu block.
Current drawing : chn tt c cc thuc tnh ca tt c cc block c trong bn v.
Select drawing : chn bn v khc.
Drawing files : ng dn ca file cha block cn trch thng tin.
33
Include xrefs : bao gm cc thng tin thuc tnh ca cc tham kho ngoi.
Include nested blocks : bao gm cc thng tin ca cc block lng.
Use template : s dung cc dnh dang mu (file template).

No template : khng s dung cc dnh dang mu (file template).
34
Chn cc thng tin cn trch ra trong hp attributes for block.

Chn cc block s trch thng tin trong hp blocks.
Chn anternate view chuyn i gia cc kiu nhn.
Ghi lai cc thit lp va thao tc ln sau dng lai. File template c dang *.BLK
35
Ta c th ghi lai cc thng tin trch di dang cc file khc nhau.

V du nh Excel :
6.3. Qun ly cc block.

S dng Acad Design Center
Ta c th s dung ca s acad Design center qun l cc block. C th ly cc block
t bn v khc, c th preview trc, ri ko th vo bn v ca mnh.
S dng chc nng ko th ca Window
Khi ta lm vic vi Internet Explore ta c th s dung chc nng ko th cc icon (cc
file ca AutoCAD) chen vo bn v. Cc bn v c chen vo nh l mt i tng
block.
7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.
8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option
III.
Gii thiu Express Tools.
36
Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N (6 tit)

I. Lm vic vi Layout
1. Paper Space
Khi nim v vng nhn tnh v ng
Vng nhn tnh (Tiled Viewport)
AutoCad cho php ban chia mn hnh thnh nhiu hnh ch nht. Ban c th hin th cc
vng nhn khc nhau ca bn v trn cc hnh ch nht . Muc ch phuc vu cho vic quan
st bn v mt cch d dng hn. Vng nhn tnh ch c trong Model Space (MS).
Mt s c tnh ca Tiled Viewport :
Khng quant trng l ban c bao nhiu khung nhn, chung lun lun c sp sp
canh nhau v ph kn ton mn hnh
Tai mt thi im ch c mt khung nhn Active. Khung nhn Active lun c vin
m
Crosshair ch xut hin trn Active viewport
UCS (User Coordinate System) Icon lun xut hin tai tt c cc khung nhn
S thay i ca cc i tng bn v trn mt khung nhn s ngay lp tc s c
th hin trn cc khung nhn con lai.
AutoCAD cho php ban tao ra ti a 96 khung nhn
Ban c th bt u lnh t mt khung nhn v kt thuc lnh mt khung nhn khc.
Ngoi ra ban con c th ghi lai cu hnh ca cc khung nhn, phuc vu cho muc ch
khi phuc lai cc khung nhn nu mun.
Vng nhn ng (Floating Viewport)
Vng nhn ng ch c trong Paper Sapce (PS), ban ch s dung n khi mun th hin
mt vng ca bn v trn MS trong PS. Theo mc inh, ch c mt Floating view (FV) trong
mt PS. Tuy nhin ban c th tao ra nhiu hn mt nu ban mun.
FV c mt s c tnh sau
Khng ging nh Tiled Viewport (TV), FV l mt Object tht, ban c th xo,
move v stretch n. Ban c th hin th n trn layer ring bit, v con c th bt tt
ch hin th ng bao ca n. Chung khng in y mn hnh nh TV m ban
c th t do thit k kch thc v v tr ca chung.
Trong PS, Crosshairs khng b gi han trong mt vng nhn ng.
Ban c th thit lp s hin th ca UCS Icon trong tng FV
Ban c th tao nhiu FV trong PS v chung s c lu lai cng vi bn v.
Tt c nhng g ban v trn MS u c trong PS. Tri lai, nhng g ban v trn PS
ch tn tai trn PS, khng tn tai trn bn v khi ban tr v MS.
Sau khi ban v xong trong MS, ban chuyn sang PS v. Trn khng gian PS ban
c th v thm or chnh sa cc Object trn MS bng cch Double click vo FV.
Khi FV lm vic ging ht nh TV.
Khi nim : Tab Layout cho php truy sut n 1 vng c gi l Paper space. Trong
paper space (PS), ban c th chen title block, tao cc layout viewport, dimension v thm cc
notes trc khi in bn v.
PS v MS l 2 khng gian lm vic ring l. Trong PS ta c th tham chiu n 1 hoc
nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport).
Mc ch : Ngi ta thng s dung PS trong trng hp
C nhiu hnh v vi t l khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (V k thut XD).
Mun in hnh v vi cc gc nhn khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (v kin truc).
Mun in hnh v vi cc gc xoay khc nhau (in tuyn ng trong cu ng)
37
Cc bc
u tin ta v cc hnh v trn MS
Sau chuyn sang PS chen cc Note, dimension v cc leader.
Cc thao tc vi PS
Trong PS ban cng c th view, edit cc PS Object nh layout viewport v tile block.
Mc nh ca CAD, mt bn v c 2 layout tab, c tn l Layout1 v layout2. Tuy nhin
n s c tn khc nu ban s dung cc template khc.
Ban c th tao mt layout bng cc cch sau :
Add new layout without setting sau s thit lp cc thng s cho n sau.
S dung chc nng Creat layout wizard v thit lp ngay cc thng s cho n.
Import layout t mt bn v c sn (DWG or DWT)
Add a new Layout
Click insert menuLayout New Layout.
Enter the name of the new layout on the command line.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab.
To import a layout from a template
Click Insert menuLayoutLayout from Template.
In the Select File dialog box, select a DWT or DWG file to import a layout from
Click Open.
In the Insert Layout(s) dialog box, select a layout to import.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, click the layout tab.
To create a layout using a wizard
Click Insert menu Layout Layout Wizard.
On each page of the Create Layout wizard, select the appropriate settings for the
new layout.
Trong PS, Bn cung c th :
Duplicate a layout
Rename a layout
Delete a layout
Rearrange layout tabs
Make a layout current
Sctivate the previous layout
Click Select All Layouts.
Plot a layout
2. Cc thao tc trn Viewport ca Paper Space
2.1. To cc Viewport
u tin ban chuyn sang Paper Space, sau dng lnh MVIEW.
Trong Layout, ban c th tao nhiu ca s Viewport khc nhau, ban c th b tr, sp
xp cc viewport theo muc ch ca ban. Theo mc nh, Autocad cho php ban tao ti a l
64 viewports , ta c th thay i s lng viewport bng cch thay i bin h thng
MAXACTVP.
Trong Viewport ta cng c th v cc i tng bn v nh trong Model space. Ngoi
ra ta con c th tham chiu n mt vng bn v no ca Model Space vi mt t l t
sn. tham chiu n mt vng no ca Model Space ta dng lnh MSPACE sau
chn viewport m tat ham cn hiu chnh.
S dung chc nng zoom t bn v trong Model Space vo Paper Space vi t l
nh mong mun.. Tai y ta cng c th chnh sa, thm bt cc i tng ca m trng
Model Space. Cc thay i ny s c ghi lai trong Model Space.
quay v mi trng Paper Space ta nh lnh PSpace.
38
2.2. Ct xn ng bao Viewport

Autocad cho php ban ct xn cc ng bin ca viewport phuc vu cho cc muc
ch ring ca ban. Lnh Vclip cho php ban ct xn thep mt hnh ch nht hay polygon bt
k. Cu php nh sau :
Tai dong lnh nh vpclip.
Select the viewport to clip : chn viewport cn ct xn.
Enter d (Delete) to delete the clipping boundary : nhn D xa ng bin ct
xn trc .
Enter p (Polygonal) : nhn P tao ng bin a gic ct xn mi.
Specify points, or select the object, to define the new viewport boundary.
Shortcut menu Select the viewport to clip, right-click in the drawing area, and then
choose Viewport Clip
2.3. T l trong tng
Viewport
Ban c th t t l
trong tng viewport bng
lnh zoom nh ni
trn, tuy nhin t vi mt
t l chnh xc bng cch
thay i t l ca viewport
trong ca s Propertie
(Ctrl_1).
V du : gi s t l v trong bn v l 1 : 25, ta t trong MiscCustom : 0.04.
Nu mun c nh t l cng nh khung nhn, ban chuyn la chn Display locked
2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport
Layer c th n hin trong tng Viewport khc nhau l khc nhau.
Ct th 4 (Freeze) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport.

Ct th 12 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tng viewport.
Ct th 13 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport
mi sp c tao.
2.5. n hin viewport
n hin viewport phu thuc vo trang thi thng s On trong
th Misc ca ca s Properties khi ta chn ng bao ca ca s
viewport.
39
2.6. n hin ng bao viewport

n hin ng bao ca cc viewport, ban tao ra mt layer mi cha ng bao ca
viewport m ban mun n hin n. Sau , vic n hin ng bao s phu thuc vo trang
thi bt tt ca layer cha ng bao.
2.7. Scale LineType
Qun l t l Line Type trong Paper Space thng qua bin h thng Psltscale.
PsLtScale = 1 : t l dang ng s c nhn vi t l phng ca viewport.
PsLtScale = 0 : t l dang ng s c gi nguyn nh trong Model Space cho d
ban c phng in t l bao nhiu i chng na.
2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport

Quay s hin thi trong Layout, dng thng hang cc khung nhn, tao khung nhn mi,
chnh t l khung nhn. Tham kho lnh MvSetup.
3. Cc ch y khi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v
u tin tao cc Dim c bn. Cc dimstyle khc s c tao da trn dimstyle c
bn ban u, bng cch thay i

.
Cn chu khi o kch thc, khong cch t dim n i tng dim phi ph hp
vi t l in ca i tng .
Cc thit lp Page setup ging nh trong Plot (xem phn sau).
Kt lun : Nhn chung, i vi bn v cn in n vi t l tuyt i chnh xc, cc bn v
kin truc cn ct xn khung nhn th nn dng Paper space. Con i vi bn v bnh thng
th khng cn v trn Paper Space
II. iu khin in n.
Trong cc cng ty nho, sau khi hon thnh bn v, ngi ta nguyn c bn v
mang ra qun in v thng nht vi qun in cc nt in.
Trong cc cng ty ln hn, sau khi hon thnh bn v, h s quy nh ng nt in.
thng nht ng nt in, ngi ta s tao ra mt file c ui l *.ctb nm trong th muc
C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot
Styles, sau s lu file ny lai v copy cho tt c mi thnh vin trong cng ty. (file ny ta
s nghin cu k hn phn sau)
i vi cc cng ty c quy m ln, nhiu b mn chung mt xng in. Ngi ta s in
bn v ra di dang file c ui *.PLT. File ny c th in bt k my in no m khng cn
n phn mm AutoCad. N tng t nh khi ta chuyn cc file vn bn sang *.PDF in n.
i vi cc loai file ny, ta khng cn quan tm n font, ng nt. V ung nt c
t khi ra in ra file.
1. Khai bo thit b in.
40
in n, vo menu file Plot hoc n t hp phm (Ctrl_P). Hp thoai Plot hin ra nh

sau :
Trong muc Page setupname l tn ca Page setup. Ban c th import Page setup t
cc bn v khc. Page setup c lu cng vi file dwg. Sau khi ban khai bo xong tt c cc
thng s bn di, ban n vo Command box Add thm mt Page setup vo trong bn
v ca ban.
Chn my in trong muc Printer/plot.
Chn kch kh giy Paper size.
Chn vn in trong Plot area , s c 3 la chn nh hnh bn, ty theo
muc ch s dung ca ngi in.
Display : vng in l ca s hin hnh ca bn v.
Extents : vng in l c bn v.
Limits : vng in l vng limits ca bn v
Window : vng in l mt ca s m ban s nh ngha sau .
iu chnh l ca giy in trong Plot offset (origin set to ptintable area)
Xem trc khi in trong muc Preview.
iu chnh t l in trong Plot Scale.
iu chnh hng in (giy nm ngang hay thng ng) trong muc Drawing orientation.
iu chnh in n trong m hnh 3D
As displayed : nh hin th trn mn hnh.
Wireframe : theo m hnh khung dy (hin th
ng bao ca i tng)
Hiden : bo qua nhng i tng, nhng ng
bao b che khut bi mt i tng khc.
41
Rendered : Render tt c cc object trc khi xut bn.

Plotstyle Table : iu khin nt in. y l phn quan trng nht.
V du chn kiu nt in : A4.INKIEM.CTB. cc file ny c lu trong th muc
C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot
Styles.
Di y l ngha mt s kiu in c sn :
tao mi, ban chn new. Hp thoai new hin ln nh sau :

Chn Start from scratch.
42
My s tao ra file test.ctb
Bn vo nut Plot style table editor hiu chnh nt in
43
Color : Chnh mu ca cc nt v. Nu ban khng

in mu th nn chuyn n thnh mu en.
2. In ra file *.PLT
Ch cn tch vo nut
ng dn ca file *.plt.
, sau bm nut lnh Plot, my s hoi tn file vo
44
Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)

I. Tham kho ngoi
1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.
Tham kho ngoi l s lin kt mt bn v bt k (c gi l bn v chnh) vi mt
hay nhiu bn v khc (gi l bant v xref External references). Nu ta chen mt bn v vo
trong mt bn v th bn v c chen s c nh dang l mt Block v s c lu cng
vi bn v chnh. Nu ta chnh bn v c chen th block s khng c cp nht lai. Nu ta
chen mt bn v vo trong nhiu bn v khc di dang block th vic cp nht block khi
block c vi s thay i s rt mt thi gian v ta phi thay i lai cc block trong tt c
cc file chen.
Nhng nhc im trn s c khc phuc th ta dng chc nng tham kho ngoi ca
AutoCAD. Khi bn v tham kho s c lu ring, khi bn v tham kho thay i th tt
c cc bn v tham kho n n s t ng thay i theo. Vic dng tham kho ngoi rt hu
ch khi lm vic vi nhng d n ln. c bit l khi ta chia s ti nguyn bn v trn mang.
2. Chen mt xref vo bn v
Lnh Xattach
Lnh Xattach cho php ta chen mt bn v vo bn v chnh di dang tham kho
ngoi.
Command : Xattach
Hp thoai Select reference file hin ln. Ta chn file cn chen vo bn v chnh. Sau
kich Open, hp thoai External Reference hin ln :
45
Browse : Thay i bn v chen vo.

Found in : ng dn ca bn v xref.
Path type : quy nh kiu ng dn l tuyt i hay tng
i, hay khng kem theo ng dn. Cc la chn ny quy nh Save
path. Ban c c th kim tra kt qu ca tng la chn ca mnh
trong Save path.
Reference Type : kiu chen
Attachement : cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau.
Overlay : khng cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau.
Cc la chn v Intertion Point, Scale v Rotation tng t nh lnh insert.
Lnh Xref.
Lnh xref chen mt bn v tham kho ngoi (bn v xref) vo trong bn v chnh.
46
Nut Tree View cho php ta nhn cu truc cy ca xref. Danh sch
c lit k theo bng ch ci. Cc xref lng c sp xp theo mc
lng (hnh cy).
Attach : chen mt xref vo bn v chnh. Khi n vo nut lnh ny th hp thoai
External Reference hin ln (nh trnh by trn).
Deattach : hy bo xref c chn. Bn v s nhe i rt nhiu
Reload : c lai file xref. Thng s dung khi file xref va c s thay i
Unload : G bo xref c chn ra khoi bn v. Khc vi Deattach, Unload vn lu
lai ng dn ca file xref. Nu ta mun c lai file ny ch vic n vo nut
Reload.
Bind : Quy nh s rng buc ca xref vi bn v chnh. Bm vo hp thoai s hin
ln (trnh by sau)
Open : m file xref trong mt ca s mi, tng ng vi lnh Xopen. Ta c th
thay i file xref, sau quay lai bn v chnh cp nht lai (reload trong hp
thoai Xref Manager) s thay i ca bn v xref.
Thay i file bng nt Browse. Sau nhn Save path ghi lai ng dn
Khi bm vo nut Xbind ca hp thoai Xref Manager th hp thoai Bind Xrefs hin ln
nh sau (phn ny cng tng ng vi
vic dng lnh Xbind):
Bind : cc i tng ca bn v
xref s c ni tip vo bn v
chnh
Insert : cc i tng ca bn v
tham kho s khng l thnh phn
ca bn v chnh.
3. M mt xref t bn v chnh
Xopen
Xopen cho php ta m mt xref ra mt ca s ring.
Command: Xopen
Select Xref:
Chn xref m ra ca s ring.
External Reference Open
Chn file xref trong hp External Reference sau kich nut open.
4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh.
T phin bn AutoCAD 2002 cho php ta sa file xref ngay trn bn v chnh sau
lu tr lai (Save back)
4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).
47
Identify reference
Reference name : Chn tn xref cn sa, s cy s th hin c cc reference lng
nhau. Lu l mi ln ta ch sa c mt xref, nu ta chn xref (VD drawing 1 nh hnh v)
cha xref lng (drawing 2) sa th ta cng ch sa c xref cha xref lng (drawing 1)
ch khng sa c xref lng (drawing 2). Do vy mun sa xref no ta chn xref sa.
Path : Hin th ng dn ca xref m ta chn.
Automaticlly select all nested objects : tt c cc objects trong file xref s c chn.
Prompt to select nested objects : kch hoat ch chn cc object trong file tham kho
m ban mun sa.
48
Setting
Create unique layer, syle, and block names :
Nut ny c chn th lp v k hiu c thay i (tn c tin t l $#$), tt c
cc object trong file tham kho s nm trong layer ny.
Nu nut ny khng c chn th cc tn layer, block v style s hin ln nh bnh
thng.
Display attribute definitions for editing : Nu chn th cc thuc tnh s c hin th v
ta c th sa chung, sau khi ta ghi lai th cc thuc tnh trong bn v gc s thay i theo, cc
thay i ch c th thin ra kha ta chen cc thuc tnh sa ra bn v.
Lock objects not in working set : Nu chn ch ny th tt c cc object ca bn v
chnh s b kha lai, chung ta khng th hiu chnh c chung.
Khi tao sa mt file tham kho ngoi th cc i tng khc m ta khng chn sa s
m i. Tuy nhin n ch m i khi bin shademode c t l 2D wireframe.
Command: shademode
Current mode: 2D wireframe
Enter option [2D wireframe/3D
wireframe/Hidden/Flat/Gouraud/fLat+edges/gOuraud+edges] <2D wireframe>: 2D
4.2. Thm, bo bt cc i tng khoi working set (Lnh refset).
Command: refset
Transfer objects between the RefEdit working set and host drawing...
Enter an option [Add/Remove] <Add>: a (chn them hay b bt bn i tng)
Select objects:
1 Added to working set
4.3. Lnh refclose
Sau khi hiu chnh xong bn c th ghi lai hay khng ghi lai cc thay i bng lnh
Refclose.
Command: refclose
49
The following symbols will be added to Xref file:

Blocks: Ghe
Enter option [Save/Discard reference changes] <Save>: s
Regenerating model.
2 objects added to test
1 xref instance updated
test redefined and reloaded
Enter option :
Save : ghi lai nhng thay i trong bn v Xref.
Discard reference changes : khng ghi lai s thay i.
.
Nu ban chn ch ghi lai, xref s t ng reload lai. y l s khc bit gia lnh
Xopen v lnh Refedit.
4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.
Bin RefEditName : cha tn bn v tham kho ngoi ang c sa.
Bin Xedit : iu khin bn v hin hnh c th c php sa i cc bn v tham
kho hay khng.
0
: khng th s dung sa i file tham kho tai bn v chnh.
1
: c th s dung sa i tham kho tai ch.
Bin BindType : Bin iu khin cc tn tham kho c qun l nh th no kho rng
buc hoc sa i trn bn v chnh.
0
: theo phng php rng buc truyn thng (tn Xref|Symbol tr
thnh Xref$0$Symbol).
1
: theo phng php ging nh chen (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh
Symbol)
Bin Xfadectl : Bin ny iu khin m nhat ca cc i tng khng nm trong ca
s chnh sa xref (Working set). Gi tr ca Xfadectl (Controls the fading intensity
percentage) thay i t 0 n 90 (tng ng vi 0% m nhat v 90% m nhat)
5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.
Ban c th iu khin s hin th ca cc lp c trong xref ban c th ch nhn thy
cc lp cn thit m thi. C mt s tnh nng cho php ban iu chnh qu trnh hin th ca
xref, iu khin khung nhn xref, lm tng tc hin th ca cc xref qu ln.
5.1. Xref v cc thnh phn hin ph thuc.
Cc thnh phn phu thuc (Dependent Symbol) l cc muc c t tn trong c trong
bn v, chng han nh lp, kiu vn bn, kiu ghi kch thc, Khi ban gn (Attach) mt
bn v th cc thnh phn phu thuc ny s c lit k trong bn v chnh. V du trong layer
control s hin th cc lp ca xref. Cc thnh phn phu thuc c tn theo nh dang
Xref_Name|Symbole_Name. H thng tn ny c giup ta phn bit cc thnh phn ca xref
vi cc thnh phn ca bn v chnh.
5.2. Xref v lp.
Ban c th bt tt hoc lm ng cc lp ca xref. Ban cng c th thay i cc thuc
tnh thng qua hp thoai Layer Properties Manager. Theo mc nh th cc thay i ny ch
c tnh tam thi. Khi ban m bn v ln sau th xref c ti vo bn v chnh v cc xc lp
lai tr lai nh ban u. Tuy nhin ban cng c th lu gi cc xc lp ca ban bng cch thay
i bin h thng Visretain bng 1. Bin ny s c ngha khi ban ghi bn v lai, ngha l
trc ban thay i bin ny nh th no i chng na, trc khi ghi bn v lai AutoCAD
s kim tra gi tr ca bin ny quyt nh c ghi lai s thay i ca ban hay khng.
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5.3. Lnh Xbin.

Ban cng c th s dung lnh Xbind ch nhp cc thnh phn cn thit t bn v
tham kho vo bn v chnh. iu ny s giup ban c th lm vic trc tip vi mt tp hp
thng nht cc thnh phn trong bn v hin hnh v xref.
Chn i tng cn chuyn ri n phm Add-> chuyn sang bn v hin hnh.

Tng t ta c th loai bo cc i tng chuyn bng nut <-Remove.
5.4. Tham chiu vong.
Nu bn v a c cha bn v b nh mt tham chiu ngoi. Bn v b lai cha bn v a
nh tham chiu ngoi, nh vy ta c mt tham chiu vong.
Tham chiu vong c th tn tai cho ba hoc nhiu hn cc xref
cng nh kho ban c cc xref lng. AutoCAD s do tm cc
tham chiu vong v c ti n ln khi c th. Nu ban c ti n
ln nh vy th AutoCAD s c thng bo nh hnh v bn :
Click nt Yes tip tuc ti xref.
Breaking circular reference from "tn bn v xref" to
"current drawing".
Nu click nut No th bn v s khng c ti v AutoCAD s thng bo nh sau :
Warning: Circular reference from "tn bn v xref" to "current drawing".
Regenerating model.
5.5. Xn cc xref.
Lnh Xclip : iu khin s hin th ca mt Xref hay bolck. File tham kho ngoi c th
c hin th mt phn hay ton b. S dung lnh Xclip xc nh ng bao xn (clipping
boundary). Cc i tng nm trong ng bao xn s c hin th v nhng vng nm
ngoi s khng c hin th. Cc i tng hnh hc ca Xref s khng thay i, ta ch iu
chnh s hin th ca xref m thi.
Lnh Xclip tao mi, hiu chnh, xa cc ng bao xn.
Command: xclip
Select objects: 1 found ( chn cc xref hoc block)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found, 2 total
Select objects:
Enter clipping option (chn cc chc nng di y)
[ON/OFF/Clipdepth/Delete/generate Polyline/New boundary] <New>:
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New boundary : dong nhc sau s c hin ln

[Select polyline/Polygonal/Rectangular] <Rectangular>:
Select polyline : chn mt ng Polyline sn c lm ng bao, a tuyn c th
kn hoc cng c th l mt a tuyn h.
Polygonal : chn cc nh ca mt hnh a gic lm ng bao.
Rectangular : chn cc nh ca mt hnh ch nht.
ON/OFF : iu chnh s hin th ca xref.
ON : s hin ln phn ca xref nm trong ng bao
OFF : s hin ln ton b xref.
Clipdepth : cho php chn mt phng xn (cliping plane) nm trc hoc sau xref
(chc nng ny ca block cng c trong lnh Dview). Clipd depth ch dng cho v 3D. Dong
nhc sau s xut hin :
Delete : la chn ny dng xa ng bao hin c, khi no ta quan st ton b
xref hoc block. Lu l lnh Erase khng th xa ng bao xn.
Generate Polyline : AutoCAD s tao ra mt ng a tuyn dc theo ng bao xn.
a tuyn mi s c nhiu mu, dang ng, chiu rng nt in v cc trang thi ca lp hin
hnh. Ta c th hiu chnh lai ng bao bng cch hiu chnh lai a tuyn ny sau chnh
lai ng bao xn bng la chn Seclect polyline ca lnh Xclip.
Bin Xclipframe :
Bin ny dng kim tra s hin th ca ng bao xn c tao bi lnh xclip.
Xclipframe = 1 : s hin ln ng bao xn.
Xclipframe = 1 : ng bao xn s khng c hin ln.
5.6. Tng tc hin th ca cc xref ln.
gim bt thi gian AutoCAD ti tao lai bn v, ban c th s dung mt s tnh nng
sau tng tc hin th bn v.
Tnh nng ti bn v theo yu cu (Demand loading). Tnh nng ny cho php
AutoCAD ch ti cc i tng cn c hin th ca xref.
Ch muc khng gian (spatial index) c tao ra khi ban lu bn v. Ch muc ny
ch c tao ra khi ta s dung tnh nng (demand loading). Khi lu bn v
AutoCAD s lu cng vi ch muc v cch thc ti cc xref. AutoCAD da trn
ch muc ny quy nh nhng phn no ca xref s c c ln hin th.
Ch muc lp (layer index) cng c tao ra trong khi ta lu bn v. AutoCAD s
s dung ch muc ny lu lai cc layer b ng hoc b ng bng. Tnh nng ny
s quy nh mc xref cn c c bn v c hin th nhanh hn.
Tnh nng ny ch thc s c hiu lc khi :
Tnh nng Demand loading phi c kch hat trong bn v hin hnh.
Xref phi c lu vi ch s khng gian hoc ch s lp.
Xref phi c xn (vi ch muc khng gian) v c lp ng bng hoc ng (vi
ch muc lp).
Tnh nng Demand Loading :
Kch hat tnh nng ny bng la chn : Tools|Options|Open and Save. Trong danh sch
th xung ca Demand load xrefs chn
Enabled : Nhng ngi khc trong mang h thng c th m bn v xref ny
nhng h khng th hiu chnh file khi ban ang tham chiu n n.
52
Enabled with copy : AutoCAD s tao ra file nhp (makes a temporary copy of the
externally referenced file and demand loads the temporary file) Xref s c ti
vo bn v chnh nh mt bn copy. Khi nhng ngi khc trong mang h
thng c th hiu chnh bn v gc ny.
Disabled : ton b bn v xref s c c, ton b layer cng s c c vo bn
v chnh.
Ban c th bt chc nng ny trc khi ban ti mt xref ch khng nht thit phi bt
ch ny trong sut thi gian lm vic.
Ch mc khng gian (spatial index)
Ban lu mt ch muc cho bn
Ch mc lp.
6. Qun ly xref
6.1. ng dn ca cc xref.
6.2. Xref notification
Khi mt file xref b thay i ni dung.
Cad s thng bo cho ta bit nh sau : A
reference file has changed and may need
reloading. Khi ban cp nht lai bn v th
thng bo trn s bin mt.
6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.
Ban cng c th s dung AutoCAD
Design Center qun l xref.
6.4. File bin bn (log) ca xref.
Nu ban xc lp bin h thng XrefCTL l 1 (theo mc nh bin ny l 0). AutoCAD s
ghi lai tt c cc thao tc trn xref ca ban vo mt file m ACII. Ban c th c file bin bn
ny khc phuc cc vn truc trc c th xy ra. Di y xin trnh by mt file bin bn
ca xref. Theo mc nh Autocad s t file bin bn vo cng th muc vi file xref v tn n
c dang xrefname.xlg.
II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database)
1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
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Chc nng ny cho php ta lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi mt d liu ngoi. Ta

c th tao cc nhn nh kem vi cc i tng. Cc nhn ny c th l cc thng tin v i
tng, cc thuc tnh i kem vi i tng c cha trong file d liu.
Ta c th lm vic vi cc loai d liu ngoi sau :
Microsoft Access.
Vusual Dbase.
Dbase.
Microsoft Excel.
Oracle.
Paradox
Microsoft Visual FoxPro.
SQL Server.
Cc khi nim c bn.
Emvironment (mi trng) : L ci nn tt c cc thao tc trn c s d liu
chy trn n. N bao gm tt c cc c s d liu m ngi dng c th thao tc
trn n.
Catalog (mc lc) : l tp hp cc i tng c chung mt thuc tnh no .
Schema (biu ) : l mt hay nhiu cc mi quan h gia mt nhm cc i tng
c lin quan n nhau.
2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu.
C rt nhiu cch kt ni vi c s d liu ngoi nh dng
Di y xin trnh by cch kt ni d liu ngoi qua Data Source ca Microsoft :
ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity).
Cc bc chun b kt ni c s d liu nh sau :
Bo m bn ci t tnh nng Database ca chng trnh AutoCAD.
Bo m l bn c chng trnh ODBC- Data source ca Microsoft.
nh cu hnh driver c s d liu thch hp, s dng ODBC v cc chng trnh
OLE BD.
nh cu hnh ngun d liu t trong AutoCAD.
Thc hin lnh dbCONNECT.
Thit lp truy cp ngi dng v mt khu. Nu h thng yu cu.
Kt ni n ngun d liu.
Lm vic vi Data view c cha bng d liu ca bn.
Lin kt hng c s d liu vi i tng trong bn v CAD.
To nhn da trn d liu trong bng v nu mun.
Ci t tnh nng Database ca chng trnh AutoCAD.
bit r ban ci tnh nng ny hay cha, ban vo menu tools dbConnect. Nu c
ngha l ban ci t n.
Nu cha, ban chay setup lai, ri chn nut Add, trong mn hnh k tip ban chn
DataBase.
Ci t ODBC.
bit r ban ci tnh nng ny hay cha, ban vo menu StartSettingsControl
panelAdministrative Tools. Nu c ngha l ban ci t n.
Nu cha, ban c th download free n t a ch www.microsoft.com, trong muc
Microsoft ODBC Driver Pack.
nh cu hnh mt d liu ngun.
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Trnh by cc cc bc tao mt b d liu ngun trn OBDC. Gii thiu hai c s d

liu l Access v Excel.
nh cu hnh ngun d liu t trong AutoCAD.
Trnh by cc bc tao mt kt ni trong AutoCAD trn Slide.
Thc hin lnh dbCONNECT.
Thc hin connect trong AutoCAD, quan st cc d liu trong c s d liu.
Thit lp truy cp ngi dng v mt khu. Nu h thng yu cu
Thc hin cc truy cp user v password nu data base yu cu.
Lm vic vi Data view c cha bng d liu ca bn.
Trnh by cc tnh nng thm bt, sa i v cp nht d liu kt ni.
Trnh by cc tnh nng view trong dataconnect.
Lin kt hng c s d liu vi i tng trong bn v CAD.
To nhan da trn d liu trong bng v nu mun.
3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
Nhp up chut vo Data sources (ODBC) trong Control Panel, hp thai ODBC Data
Source Aministrator hin ln. Ta c th tao mi, chnh sa cu hnh ca tng kt ni.
tao mi ta n nut Add, chnh sa ta chn c s d liu cn chnh sa, n nut
configure.
n nut add, ca s Create New Data source hin ln :
Chn driver m ban mun kt ni, V du nh Driver do Microsoft Acces (*.mdb)

chng han, sau n Finish. hp thoai ODBC Microsoft Access Setup hin ln :
55
Data Source Name : nh tn ca c s d liu ban mun tao.

Description : m t c s d liu ny.
Database : Thao tc vi c s d liu ca ban.
Select : chn c s d liu c.
Create : to mi mt c s d liu.
Repair : sa mt c s d liu c sn.
Compact : nn mt c s d liu.
Option : cha cc ty chn v kt ni.
Advandce :
Default Authorization : cha cc thng tin v user v password c quyn truy

cp vo c s d liu.
56
Options : bao gm cc thuc tnh ca c s d liu. Ban c th xem v chnh sa

lai chung.
4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.
Vo Tools Dbconnect (lnh dbconnect, hoc n ctrl_F6) bt ca s DBCONNECT
MANAGER. Theo mc nh ca AutoCAD trong muc Data Sources s c sn data
Jet_dbsamples.
thm mt c s d liu vo trong AutoCAD ta nhn phi chut vo Data Sources
chn Configure Data Source. Ca s Configure a Data Source hin ln.
Trong Data Source Name ta in tn ca c s d liu kt ni. Nhn OK ca s Data

Link Properties hin ln.
Provider : Chn kiu kt ni trung gian. y ta chn ODBC drivers. Sau n Next.
Connection : Chn kt ni c sn m ta tao trong muc nh cu hnh d liu cho
ODBC
Use data source of data : Chn tn kt ni ODBC thit lp bc trc.
Enter information to log on to server : in y user
name v password truy nhp vo server nu c.
Sau test connection. Nu connect thnh cng bn s c
thng bo Test connection succeeded nh hnh di
y.
Advanced : Chn cc ty chn kt ni nh thi goan kt ni, cc ty chn v v quyn
truy cp d liu.
All : Hin th v chnh sa ton b thuc tnh ca
kt ni c s d liu.
Sau n OK, c s d liu kt ni s hin ln
trong muc Data Sources ca DBCONNECT
MANAGER.
5. Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD
57
Ban c th chnh sa d liu ca c s d liu ngay trong AutoCAD (ng nhin l

nu trnh kt ni d liu cho php). Ban bt ca s DataView ln bng cch nhp up chut
tri vo bng d liu cn xem.
T bng ny ban c th chnh sa, thm bt cc bn ghi, cc trng ca mi bn ghi..
Nhng lu l khi ban chnh sa, d liu chnh sa s khng c cp nht ngay lp tc. Ban
mun cp nht d liu chnh sa, ban nhn phi chut vo hnh mi tn bn gc trn tri nh
hnh v.
Commit : cp nht li d liu
Restore : Phc hi li d liu gc (khng ghi li s chnh sa)
Cc thao tc nh dang d liu cng ging ht nh trong Excel.
Cc chc nng nh dang nh find, replace, format c th tham kho trong menu
Data View.
6. To cc mu kt ni.
Ta c th tao ra cc kt ni t cc i tng trong bn v n cc trng ca c s d
liu. Thng thng cc kt ni ny dng thng k s lng cc i tng trong bn v lin
kt vi mt trng no , v t ta bit c cc thng tin v i tng . c c
mt kt ni trc tin ta phi tao ra c mu kt ni. Sau y trnh by cc bc tao ra
c mt mu kt ni.
Ban c th lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi nhiu bn ghi (record) trong c s d
liu nu mun v ban c th lin kt mt bn ghi vi nhiu i tng trong bn v. V du ban
c n gian phong, mi gian phong c t mt n 2 in thoai, v ban c mt bng cc s in
thoai. Ban c th gn mi mt ci in thoai (trong bn v) vi mt trng ca d liu s in
thoai va bn. Nu mt phong c 2 in thoai nhng chung mt dy th ban c th gn c hai
cho mt s
Mu lin kt link template giup AutoCAD nhn bit c trng no trong c s d
liu s c ly ra lin kt vi cc i tng trong bn v.
Cc bc tao mt mu lin kt nh sau :
Chn t menu DBConnectTemplateNew
Link Template (nu c mt bng c m
sn, bn c th chn nt lnh new Link
Template trong ca s Dbconnect).
Nu bn cha m mt bng d liu no,
AutoCAD s m hp thoi Select Data
Object. Chn mt bng v click nt
Continue.
58
Trong hp vn bn New Template Name ca hp thoi New Link Template, bn

nh tn ca mu lin kt vo. Nu bn c mt mu lin kt trc , bn mun s
dng n lm c s cho mt mu mi, bn chn n t trong danh sch th xung
Start With Template. Click
Continue.
Trong hp thoi Link Template,

chn hp kim ca mt trng
kha (key Field). Nu trng
kha ca bn chn c cc hng
trng nhau bt k, bn s phi
chn thm mt trng kha th
hai.
Click OK. AutoCAD to cho bn mt mu lin kt. Bn c th quan st thy
mu lin kt ca bn trong ca s DBconnect bn di bn v hin hnh.
Lu : khi chn trng kha, ban nn chn trng kha khng c bt k mt hng no
trng nhau. Nu c hng trng nhau, AutoCAD s ly gi tr ca hng no n tm thy trc,
con tt c cc hng sau n s bo qua. Nh vy vic chn trng kha l rt quan trong. Nu
chn trng kha khng duy nht, ban s c th b st d liu.
Sa lai mu lin kt : chn menu DBConnectTemplatesEdit link Template. Trong
hp thoai Select a Database Object, chn mt mu lin kt m ban mun sa. Cc bc con
lai nh tao mt mu lin kt.
Xa mu lin kt : DBConnectTemplatesDelete link Template. Sau trong hp
thoai Select a Database Object, chn mt mu lin kt m ban mun xa.
7. To, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni.
Cc bc tao mt kt ni nh sau :
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu
lin kt to trong danh sch th xung Select a Link Template pha trn ca
ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lin kt vi bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Links.
Chn menu Data ViewLink!
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun kin kt vi bn ghi va chn trong
c s d liu.
Kt thc chn i tng AutoCAD s a ra thng k trn dng lnh command v
d nh : 1 record(s) linked with 1 object (s). By gi bn c mt lin kt gia
d liu v bn v.
Cc bc hiu chnh mt kt ni nh sau :
59
Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink Manager m Link Manager. Sau

bn chn mt i tng m bn mun hiu chnh. (hoc bn c th chn i tng
t trong bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink Manager).
Trong ct Value, nhp gi tr mi m bn mun hiu chnh.
Cc bc xa mt kt ni nh sau :
Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink
Manager m Link Manager. Sau bn
chn mt i tng m bn mun xa lin
kt. (hoc bn c th chn i tng t trong
bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink
Manager).
Sau bn chn cc i bn ghi m bn
mun xa, n nt delete.
Ngoi ra ban cng c th xut thng tin kt ni,
tao thnh mt dnh sch cc bn ghi lin kt vi i
tng cn xut.
Chn dbConnectLinksExport Links.
Select objects : chn i tng m bn mun
xut thng tin lin kt.
Trong mc Include Fields bn chn cc
trng bn mun xut.
Trong danh sch save as type (AutoCAD cho
ban 3 kiu file nh trong phn xut thng tin thuc tnh ca khi ni trong muc
trc)
t tn file ri n nut save.
8. Quan st cc kt ni.
Ban cng c th quan st lai cc kt ni tao. C 2 kiu quan st kt ni :
Quan st cc i tng kt ni (View Linked Objects).
Quan st cc bn ghi kt ni (View Linked Records).
AutoCAD t ng chn cc i tng lin kt khi ban chn mt hng, ban chn
Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects.
AutoCAD t ng chn cc hng lin kt khi ban chn i tng trn bn v, ban
chn Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects.
Cc ty bin trong hin th cc lin kt (Data View Option):
AutoPan v Autozoom hin th cc i tng c chn mt cch t ng. Ta
cng c th hiu chnh t l zoom factor (tnh theo n v %). T l ny mc nh l
50% c ngha l vng cha cc i tng = 50% vng ta quan st trong bn v.
Record Indication Record (show all records hoc select indicated records) hiu
chnh ch hin th cc bn ghi lin kt hay hin tt c cc bn ghi ca bng v cc
bn ghi lin kt s c nh du theo mu c chn mc Mark Indicated
Records.
60
9. To mu nhan.
Ta cng c th tao cc thng tin nh kem vi cc i tng trong bn v. Cc thng
tin ny s bn dnh ly i tng trong bn v (hoc khng bm dnh ly i tng trong bn
v ty theo tnh nng m ta chn). Nu l gn dnh th khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt
th cc thng tin ny cng di chuyn theo. Ngi ta gi cc thng tin ny l cc nhn (Label).
tao c cc nhn (label), u tin ta phi tao c cc mu nhn (Label Template).
Sau y trnh by cc bc tao c mt mu nhn.
Chn t menu dbConnect-->Templates-->New Label Template.
Hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mu lin kt s dng lm mu nhn.
Click continue.
Hp thoi New Label Template. Nhp tn mu nhn trong hp vn bn New Label
Template Name. Nu bn c sn mt mu nhn, bn mun s dng n lm c s
cho mu nhn mi, chn t danh sch th xung Start with Template. Click
contine.
Cad s m hp thoi Label Template nh hp thoi Multiline Text Editor. Bn c

th nh dng vn bn nh trong Multiline Text Editor.
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Trn Tab Label Fields, chn mt

trng m bn mun xut hin
trn nhn t danh sch th xung
Field List, sau kch nt Add.
Nu mun add thm trng vo
nhn bn lp li cc bc trn.
Trn Tab Label Offset, chn kiu
canh l trong hp start. Nhp
di X v Y trong hp Leader offset quy nh khong cch gia im u ca
mi tn nh dng v im chn ca vn bn (mu khong cch ny qu b gn
mi tn th mi tn s b bin mt). Nhp di X v Y trong hp Tip offset quy
nh khong cch t im u ca mi tn n im chn ca cui mi tn trn i
tng gn dnh.
Hiu chnh mt mu nhn :

Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateEdit Label Template.
Chn mu nhn m bn mun hiu chnh trong hp thoi Select a Database
Object.
Xa mt mu nhn :
Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateDelete Label Template.
Chn mu nhn m bn mun xa trong hp thoi Select a Database Object.
10. To nhan.
Phn loai nhn :
Nhn t do (attached Label): l nhn khng i km vi mt i tng no ca
AutoCAD.
Nhn gn dnh (Freestanding Label): l nhn nh km vi mt i tng no .
Khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt, nhn gn dnh cng di chuyn theo.
Cc bc tao mt nhn nh kem :
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha
v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template
pha trn ca ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong
bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Attached Label.
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.
Cc bc tao mt nhn t do :
62
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha

v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template
pha trn ca ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong
bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Freestanding Label.
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.
Mun xa nhn ta chn nhn cn xa t bn v, nhn nut delete trn bn phm.
11. S dng query truy tm d liu
Ban c th truy tm d liu bng cc s dung ngn ng SQL. SQL l ngn ng c s
dung hu ht trong tt c cc c s d liu tinh chnh v ly cc thng tin t c s d liu.
Ban c th s dung query lm nhng vic sau :
Xem mt tp con ca mt c s d liu.
Ly d liu t cc bng khc nhau ca c s d liu.
To mt tp chn t hp thoi Link Select.
M hp thoai Query Editor, ban thc hin qua cc bc sau :
Menu dbConnectQueriesNew Query on a link Template.
Chn mu nhn bn mun s dng trong hp thoi Select a DataBase Object.
Click continue.
nh tn Query bn mun to trong hp New Query Name (bn c th chn mt
query c sn nu c lm c s trong danh sch th xung Existing query names).
AutoCAD cho php ta s dung mt s m hnh SQL sau :
11.1.
S dng Quick Query
Gii thch :
Look up values : nu bn khng nh r gi tr ca trng bn c th nhn vo nt
ny xem trc cc gi tr ca trng.
63
Indicate records in data view : nu c chn th tt c cc bn ghi c chn khi

thi hnh query s c hin th trn data view.
Indicate Objects in drawing : nu c chn th tt c cc objects lin kt vi cc
bn ghi c chn khi thi hnh cng s c chn theo trn bn v.
Store : lu li query.
Execute : thi hnh query.
11.2.
S dng Range Query
Dng truy tm d liu c gi tr t From n gi tr Through.

a. S dng Range Query
Nhm ngoc n giup ban nhm cc nhm iu kin lai thnh mt nhm (nh cc php
ton logic thng thng).
64
Fields in table : cc trng c trong bng c chn.

Show fields : cc trng s c hin th sau khi thc hin truy vn.
Sort by : trng s c ch nh sp xp.
11.3.
S dng Range Query
Ban c th s dung ngn ng SQL vit cc truy vn theo mnh. Nut check s giup
ban kim tra cu php ca mnh
11.4.
S dng Link Select
Link select cho php tao tao ra mt tp chn s dung query.
Cc bc tao mt tp chn Link Select :
65
III.
Ban u, ta chn trong menu xung Do la chn select.

To ra mt tp chn u tin ri nhn Execute.
Sau ta li chn trong menu xung Do cc php ton logic.
To ra cc tp chn th hai bng cch nhn Execute.
Lm vic vi Raster Image
1. Tng quan
Ban c th chen cc nh scan (scanned Images) v nh k thut s (digital photographs)
vo bn v. V bn cht, cc nh chen ny l tp hp cc im nh (Pixels), con cc i tng
(Object) trong AutoCAD l cc vector. Do vy cc nh chen s c kch thc ln v nng hn
cc i tng ca CAD. CAD cho php ban c th zoom, pan cng nh in n bn v cha
Images.
2. Chen nh (inserting images
chen nh, ta chn insertRaster image chn file v ng dn ti n.
66
3. Qun ly hnh nh (Managing images)

Chn InsertImage Manager m hp thoai Image Manager
Attach inserts an image, opening the Image dialog box

Detach erases the image from your drawing and deletes all reference to it in
the drawing database.
Reload redisplays an image after you have unloaded it.
Unload removes the display of the image but retains the reference to it. Later, you
can reload the image to redisplay it.
Details provides you with a preview, as well as information about the image, its
path, and its size.
4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images)
Muc ch : i khi ta khng cn hin th tt c hnh nh, ta ch cn hin th mt phn
cu hnh nh. Vic xn bt hnh nh s lm cho bn v nhe hn, tng tc zoom v pan cho
bn v.
Cch lm : ModifyClipImage
67
5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)

5.1. iu khin hin th
Chn ModifyObjectImage (hoc lnh IMAGEADJUST)
5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality)

Chn ModifyObjectImageQuality (hoc lnh IMAGEQUALITY)
Lnh ny c tc dung cho tt c cc nh c trn bn v, chn High_Quality s lm cho
bn v chm hn. Vi la chn ny CAD s chuyn ch in sang high quality
5.3. Image transparency
Chuyn ch qun l nh t pixel sang ch nh nn. Modify Object Image
Transparency. Mc nh l OFF, bt ch ny, ban chuyn sang ON.
5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)
Khi ban tt ch ng bao ca nh, ban s khng th chn c nh na. bt tt
ch ny ban chn : ModifyObjectImageFrame
IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
Phn ny chng ta s nghin cu s chia s d liu d AutoCAD v cc ng dung khc.
Ban c th chn d liu (Text or Image) t cc ng dung ngoi bng cc phng php
sau :
Embed : i tng c chn vo bn v s c kh nng tr v chng trnh
ngun khi ban mun Edit chng. Ngha l khi ban double-click vo i tng ,
chng trnh ngun s c m ra v ban c th chnh sa chng.
Paste : i tng (objects) s c chn vo bn v, s dung khi ban khng mun
lin kt vi chng trnh ngun. Thng c s dung khi ban ch mun hin th
chng m khng cn chnh sa, hoc nhng i tng c th c chnh sa
bng AutoCAD
Link : i tng (objects) c chn vo bn v di dang ng link. CAD
khng lu object m ch lu ng dn ti file cha Object . Khi file ngun b
thay i th s thay i s c update vo trong AutoCAD file.
Tt c cc la chn Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects u nm trong muc
Option ca Paste special. Link v Embedding ging nh OLE (Object Linking and
Embedding)
1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD
Cch 1
TAutoCAD, chn inertOLE Object m insert Object dialog box (hoc c th
bng lnh INSERTOBJ). (The entries listed in this dialog box depend on the
applications you have installed on your computer.)
68
Tao file mi, chn Create New ng dung s c m ra ban tao d liu mi
sau khi kt thc choose FileUpdate t ng dung . Sau ng ng dung lai
quay lai vi AutoCAD.
Ban c th chn an existing file, chn Create From File. Click Browse tm file
cn chn. Click Open. Chn Link link the data (described in the next section of
this chapter). Chn OK. AutoCAD t file top-left corner
Cch 2
Chn ng dung ngun, Chn copy
Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn embedding.
Cch 3
Ban ng dung ngun v Autocad
nh du phn d liu mun chn vo trong CAD, gi Ctrl_drag vo trong CAD.
OLE objects c mt s nhc im sau :
Nu chng cha tham kho ngoi hoc block th chng s khng c hin th v
khng c in ra.
Trong mt s trng hp, OLE objects c th b in ra bng my in h thng m
khng qua iu khin in ca AutoCAD.
OLE objects khng b xoay cng vi ban v khi ban s dung Plot rotation. Tuy
nhin ban c th xoay OLE objects bng cch iu chnh Lanscape setting trong
my in h thng (the windows system printer)
2. Linking data
Cch lm :
Chn ng dung ngun, Chn copy
Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn link
Lu :
Khi ban m file CAD c cha ng link, CAD s cho ban la chn Update file
link c trong bn v.
Tuy nhin bn cng c th iu khin Update trong lc ang m bn v bng cch
vo insertOle links.
Trong qu trnh lm vic, ai thay i ng dn file link ca ban, ban c th

break link v change source.
3. Pasting data into AutoCAD
M ng dungcopy
M CADEditpate special List hin ra phu thuc vo ng dung ngun.
69
Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)

I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)
1. Khi nim v Shape.
Shape l mt object (i tng) c s dung nh l mt block. Shape cha cc i
tng nh ng thng, cung tron c nh ngha trong file .SHP, l file dang vn bn
ASSCII. s dung c trong bn v cc file ny phi c bin dch thnh cc file .SHX
bng lnh Complie trong AutoCAD. Sau , s dung lnh Load ti file .SHX vo bn v,
dng lnh Shape chen cc shape vo bn v (nh l s dung lnh insert khi chn block).
Ta cng c th nh r t l, gc quay cho mi ln chen shape vo bn v. Ngoi ra, shape cn
c d dung tao cc font ch, tao cc dang ng phc tap.
Block linh hoat hn v d s dung hn shape. Tuy nhin cc shape lai hiu qu hn
trong vic lu tr v v. N c ti nhanh hn so vi block v rt c ch khi bn v qu ln
v khi tc l quan trng.
Ban cng c th ti file Shape vo trong AutoCAD bng lnh load, hoc g bo n khoi
AutoCAD bng lnh Purge.
Figure 1: Load shape file
70
Figure 2 : Purge shape files

Chn file shape cn g bo sau n Purge.
ng dng ca Shape :
Dng tp cc font ch.
Dng tao ra cc dng ng phc tp.
Ngoi ra Shape cn c s dng nh Block.
Cch to ra cc Shape : chung ta nh ngha cc Shape trong file .SHP. Sau y trnh
by cch m t mt Shape.
2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.
Cc shape trong AutoCAD c m t cu th trong file .SHP v cc file c bin dch
l .SHX. Ta c th s dung text editor hoc word processor tao mi hoc sa cc shape
trong shape file c v lu lai thnh file c phn m rng l .SHP di dang in ASCII format.
Mi file trong shape c m t bng nhiu dong, mi dong cha ti a 128 k t,
nhng dong di hn s khng c bin dch. Cc dong chu thch bt u bng du chm
phy. AutoCAD s t ng bo i cc dong trng v chui k t bn phi du chm phy.
Cu php m t mt shape trong file shape nh sau :
*shapenumber,defbytes,shapename
specbyte1,specbyte2,specbyte3,...,0
* : du sao quy nh bt u m t mt Shape mi.
Shapenumber : s nh danh ca shape
Defbytes : S lng cc byte m t ca shape
Shapename : Tn ca shape
Dong tip theo l cc bye m t (specbyte) shape, mi byte ngn cch nhau mt
du phy. V kt thuc bng s 0.
Shapenumber
71
L s nguyn c gi tr t 1 n 255 (i khi ti 32768 i vi cc shape file dng

tao font unicode), s nguyn ny phi l duy nht, s nh danh ca 2 shape bt k trong cng
mt file khng c trng nhau.
Defbytes
S lng cc byte m t shape (S lng cc specbyte) bao gm c s 0 sau cng. Mt
shape c ti a 2000 byte m t.
Shapename
Tn ca shape bt buc phi l ch hoa. Tn cha k t thng s b bo qua v thng
c s dung lm nhn cho font shape.
Specbyte
Byte m t. Bye ny c biu din di dang s thp phn hoc s thp luc. Nu s
u tin l s 0 th hai ch s tip theo s l gi tr thp luc. C hai loai byte m t.
M vector (Vector Length and Direction Code)
M c bit (Special Codes)
Nghin cu cu th tng loai Specbyte :
2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).
Mt byte m t (Specbyte) n gin cha cc di cc vector v hng ca chung
c s ha trong mt bye. Mi m vector l mt chui bao
gm 3 k t.
K t u tin phi l s 0, do 2 k t tip theo
biu din s thp luc phn.
K t th hai biu din chiu di vector. Gi tr t 1
(n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di).
K t th ba biu din hng ca vector. Gi tr t 1
(n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di). Hnh sau y
minh ha hng c s ha.
Chu : Cc vector ny u c di l 1 n v.
V du sau xy dng mt shape c tn l DBOX vi s
nh danh l 230.
*230,6,DBOX
014,010,01C,018,012,0
Dng trnh soan tho NotePad tao mt file vn bn c ni dung nh trn, sau ghi lai
vi tn l dbox.shp. S dung lnh Compile trong AutoCAD bin dch thnh file dbox.shx.
S dung lnh Load ti file dbox.shx vo trong AutoCAD. Sau s dung lnh shape nh
sau :
Command: shape
Enter shape name or [?]: dbox
Specify insertion point: 1,1
Specify height <current>: 2
Specify rotation angle <current>: 0
Kt qu l ta v c hnh sau :
Trnh t v c miu t trn hnh v. im bt u v c
ta (1,1). Trnh t v : 014,010,01C,018,012. S 0 sau cng
kt thuc chui m t.
2.2. Special Codes (ma c bit)
Cc m c bit dng tao cc hnh dang c bit. Mi m t c bit l mt chui 3
k t :
K t u tin phi l s khng.
72
K t th hai phi l s khng.

K t ba xc nh chc nng (miu t trong bng lit k). Gi tr thp luc phn nhp vo
t 1 n F (15).
Chu : cc m vn c th vit di dang thp luc phn hoc thp phn. VD 008 hay 8
u c ngha nh nhau. Di y trnh by m thp luc phn :
M thp luc
ngha
phn
000
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
00A
00B
00C
00D
00E
Kt thuc chui m t shape

Chuyn qua cc ch v
Tt ch v, chuyn qua ch di chuyn but v
Theo sau m 003 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l
v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 003 s c chia cho t
l ny tao ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD
Theo sau m 004 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l
v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 004 s c nhn cho t
l ny tao ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD
Lu tr v tr hin tai vo trong ngn xp
Ly v tr v c lu trc ra khoi ngn xp
M t subshape, S lng cc subshape s c m t trong
byte k tip sau m ny
V vector vi chiu di v hng bt k. Hai byte theo sau m
ny quy nh di x v y.
V lin tip cc cung 45O. Hai byte theo sau n xc nh bn
knh, s lng v chiu di ca cc cung ny.
V cung tron bt k. Nm byte theo sau m 00B s miu t cung
tron c v.
V cung tron da vo h s cong.
V lin tip cc cung tron da vo h s cong.
S dung khi m t font ch. (s ni k trong phn sau)
Sau y ta xt chi tit vic s dung cc m c bit.

M 000 : Kt thuc chui m t.
Sau m 000 nh du kt thuc chui m t ca mt shape. Chu sau s 0 phi n enter.
M 001 v 002 : Bt tt ch v.
001 : bt ch v (defaut in shape description). Cc m m tk tip m 001 s c
v trn mn hnh.
002 : Tt ch v. Cc m m t sau m 002 s khng c v ln mn hnh. Nhng
con tro v (but v) vn di chuyn theo cc m m t sau n.
V du : nh doan m sau vo file example.shp ri dch thnh file .shx c ni dung nh
sau :
*232,12,DBOX21
044,040,04C,048,002,012,001,024,020,02C,028,0
Chng trnh s thc hin nh sau :
4 byte u 044,040,04C,048 s v mt hnh vung di canh l 4 n v.
3 byte tip theo 002,012,001 : s tt ch v, chuyn sang ch di chuyn. Di
chuyn mt oan 012 sau lai bt ch v.
73
4 byte k tip 024,020,02C,028 v hnh vung canh l 2 n v.

M 003 v 004 : Thay i t l v.
Theo sau hai m ny l mt s nguyn t 1-255, quy nh t l v.
Nu l m 003 th t l v s c chia cho s ng sau n.
Nu l m 004 th t l v s c nhn vi s ng sau n.
V du : 004,10 : Cc nt v tip sau n s c di bng di m m t nhn vi 10.
V du : Ta cng v hnh DBOX2 trn nhng s dung m thay i t l:
Ta gi hnh ny l DBOX22, oan m m t DBOX22 nh sau.
*233,12,DBOX22
(* V hnh v tip tuc oan m y chu th hin Ly lai t l *)
Ma 005 v 006 : Lu v phuc hi v tr ca con tro trong stack.
M 005 y ta con tro v vo stack (ngn xp) v m 006 ly ta ra khoi stack
v gn n cho ta con tro hin hnh (ni cch khc l phuc hi v tr con tro lu trong
stack).
Ngn xp ti a ch lu tr c 4 v tr. Nu lu tr qu kh nng ca n AutoCAD s
thng trn stack : Position stack overflow in shape nnn
Nu stack ang rng, ta c tnh dng 006 ly ta ra khoi stack. Khi v shape ny
AutoCAD s thng bo Position stack underflow in shape nnn.
V du : Ta v hnh DBOX2 nhng c s dung code 005 v 006 nh sau :
( V hnh m t )
Ma 007 : M t subshape
M 007 ch yu dng tao font ch. Ta s nghin cu m ny trong phn tao font ch.
Ma 008 v 009 : dch chuyn theo phng X v Y
Thng thng m vector ch cho php ta v c trong 16 hng nh sn vi di ti
a l 15 n v. Ta dng m ny v nhanh chng cc shape n
gin, nhng khng th dng tao cc shape phc tap. Vi m
008,009 ban c th v vector c di v hng khng gii han,
bng cch s dung dch chuyn X,Y ( dch chuyn tng i so
vi im m con tro v ang ng).
Theo sau m 008 l 2 byte quy nh di X,Y vi dang sau :
008,X-displacement,Y-displacement
di X-displacement,Y-displacement c gi tr trong khong
-128 n +127. Du (+) l khng bt buc. Chung ta cng c th s
dung du ngoc n cho d c v d kim sot :
008,(X-displacement,Y-displacement)
V du : (-10,3) m t vector hng v tri 10 n v v hng ln
trn 3 n v.
Khc vi m 008 ch v mt vector, m 009 v lin tip cc vector.
Theo sau m 009 l cc cp byte quy nh di (X,Y) v du hiu
nhn bit kt thuc m 009 l cp byte (0,0).
V du : 009,(3,1),(3,2),(2,-3),(0,0) v lin tip ba vector c di tng (3,1),(3,2),(2,3).
74
Ma 00A : v cung tron 45 .

Theo sau m 00A l 2 byte nh ngha mt cung tron 45o (bng 1/8 ng tron). Cc
cung c nh th t t 0 n 7 tnh theo v tr u ca cung.
M m t cung tron nh sau :
10,radius,()0SC
Bn knh (radius) c gi tr t 1 n 255.
Byte th 2 (-)0SC m t :
Du (-) quy nh hng v ca cung tron (v ngc
chiu kim ng h nu l dng, theo chiu kim ng h
nu l m).
0 : Lun lun l 0, quy nh cc k t sau n l h thp
luc phn.
C : S lng cc cung tron 45o. C gi tr t 0 n 7. Nu
l 0 th AutoCAD s v c vong tron (8 cung 45o) bn
knh radius.
Ma 00B : v cung tron bt k.
M 00B cho php v mt cung tron bt k, khng nht thit phi bt u bng cc v tr
nh trc nh m 00A.
00B,start_offset,end_offset,high_radius,radius,(-)0SC
Start_offset: Biu din di ca cung tron so vi im bt u v c quy nh trc
trong m 00A (c nh s t 0-7). Gi tr ca start_offset c tnh bng cch ly gi tr
ca gc hp bi im bt u v cung theo 00B v im bt u v cung theo 00A nhn vi
256 v chia cho 45. hay
start_offset
= s o gc * 256/45.
End_offset : Biu din di ca im cui cung tron so vi im 1/8 ng tron
tng ng. Gi tr ca end_offset cng c tnh tng t nh start_offset
Radius : bn knh ca cung tron (t 1 n 255 n v ).
High-radius : C gi t 0 n 255. S dung khi mun v cung tron c bn knh ln hn
255 n v. Cch tnh nh sau : Bn knh = High-radius*256+Radius.
(-)OSC : M t nh 00A. Dng xc nh cc gi tr start_offset v end_offset
Ma 00C v 00D : V ch phnh ra hoc cc cung tron c bit.
Vi cc m 00C v 00D ta c th v c cc cung tron c hnh dang bt k bng cch
s dung h s cong ca cung tron. M 00C v mt cung tron, m 00D v nhiu cung tron
lin tip nhau.
Theo sau m 00C l 3 byte m t cung tron nh sau :
00C,X-displacement,Y-displacement,Bulge
X-displacement,Y-displacement : di ca im cui ca cung tron (Ta tng i
ca im cui so vi im u) c gi tr t -127 n +127.
Bulge : H s xc nh cong ca cung tron. C gi tr t
-127 n 127. Cch tnh nh sau : Bulge=(2*H/D)*127.
D : Chiu di dy cung.
H : Chiu cao ca cung
Du (-) v theo chiu kim ng h. Du (+) hoc
khng c du th v ngc chiu kim ng h.
75
Nu m 00C ch v mt cung tron th m 00D v lin tip cc cung tron. Theo sau m
00D l cc cp byte m t cung tron c v v kt thuc 00D bng mt cp byte (0,0).
V du :
00D,(0,5,127),(0,5,0),(0,5,-127),(0,0)
(0,5,0) m t mt ng thng c di bng 5 n v.
Ma 00E : M t font ch theo phng thng ng.
Ta s nghin cu m ny trong phn sau.
II. To font ch
Hin nay AutoCAD cho php ta s dung 3 loai font ch. Font ch h thng (system
font), phong ch s dung shape (shape font) v big font.
Font h thng :
Cu tao : Gm cc vector bin, v gia c t bng thut ton fill
u im : system font ep hn cc font khc.
Nhc im : Do system font c nhng vng t nn nng hn cc font khc. Tc
ti sinh (render, pan, zoom) s rt chm.
Shape font :
Cu tao bi cc shape trong c m t trong file .SHP.
u im : V cc k t trong font u l cc shape nn c ti nhanh hn, tc
render c ci thin ng k nht l i vi cc bn v ln.
Nhc im : Khng ep lm.
Big font
Cu tao :bi cc shape. Tuy nhin n c th l phn ni di ca cc shape font ni trn.
Shape font c cha ti a 255 k t con big font c th cha n 65535 k t.
1. To font ch SHX.
Font ch SHX c tao ra v s dung trong AutoCAD. Mi k t ca font l mt shape
c m t trong file shape. Trong shape number chnh l m ascii ca k t (t 0 n
255).
phn bit vi cc shape file khc, cc font ch phi c dong m t u tin nh sau :
*0,4,font-name
above,below,modes,0
Font-name : Tn font ch
Above : Khong cch gia ng top v ng Baseline
Below : Khong cch gia ng Bottom v ng Baseline.
Modes
0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.
(v hnh minh ha vo y)
Tao mt v du minh ha font ch bao gm ch ABC. C th ly mt file font shape bt
k ri minh ha.
76
2. To big font.
Trong thc t, font ch ca mt vi ngn ng (ting Nht) cha hng nghn k t khng
phi l m ACII. bn v cha cnhiu font nh vt AutoCAD cung cp mt dang file
gi la big font file.
Big font file cng c miu t trong file .SHP v c dch thnh file .SHX. Dong u
tin ca big font c dang nh sau :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.
nchars : s lng gn ung cc k t trong Big font ny. Nu sai s ln hn 10% th tc
truy xut s rt chm.
nrangs : s lng cc mim gi tr cha cc gi tr s dung lm m escape codes.
b1, e1, b2, e2,
b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thuc ca min gi tr th nht
b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thuc ca min gi tr th hai
V du .
3. To big font t file m rng.
Trong cc file kiu ch tng hnh chu , c nhiu khi c s dung lai nhiu ln nh
cc du trong ting vit (du s, huyn,). Cc khi ny c m t trong cc Subshape, c
th dng lai tao cc shape khc nhau.
Dong u tin ca cc big font file m rng tng t nh big font file bnh thng :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.
Dong th hai s giup nhn bit l big font m rng :
*0,5,font-name
character-height,0,modes,character-width,0
Font name : Tn ca big font
Character-height, character-width : Chiu cao v chiu rng hnh ch nht c s m
t k t.
Modes
0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.
Chu : m 00E (14) ch c tc dung khi gi tr modes bng 2.
Cc dong tip tho m t cc shape v dng m 007 chen cc subshape. Cc subshape
cng phi c m t nh c shape thng thng khc.
*Shapenumber,defbytes,shapename
specbyte,,007,0,primitive#,basepoint-x,basepoint-y,width,height,spectbyte,,0
Shapenumber : s nguyn 2 byte, dang thp luc phn, v do , phi c thm s 0
pha trc.
Defbytes : s lng cc bye m t (specbyte) cn thit m t shape (k c s 0 sau
cng). Gi tr shapenumber ca subshape (theo sau m 007) c tnh l 2 byte.
Shapename : Tn k t
Specbyte : byte m t
007,0 : 2 byte bt u oan chen subshape
77
Primitive# : gi tr shapenumber ca shape.

basepoint-x,basepoint-y : thnh phn ta x,y ca im chen subshape.
Width, height : chiu rng, chiu cao ca subshape. Trc khi c chen, kch thc
subshape s c thu nho bng 1 vung n v, sau n c phng to tng ng vi gi
tr Width, height.
Spectbyte : cc byte m t ca subshape.
III.
To cc dng ng (file linetype)
1. Khi nim v phn loi dng ng.

AutoCAD cung cp rt nhiu dang ng c sn. Cc dang ng ny c th l nt t,
nt lin, hay cc ng tm, Cc dang ng ny c cung cp trong file .LIN. Ta cng
c th t tao ra cc file ny v lu lai di nh dang Text v c ui l .LIN.
AutoCAD cung cp cc dang ng c sn trong file CAD.LIN, ACADISO.LIN .
Cc dang ng n gin c cu tao t cc im(dot), oan thng(dash) v khong
trng c v i v lai nhiu ln.
V du :
Nt gach di 0.5 n v bn v
Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Nt gach di 0.5 n v bn v
Mt im nh (nt gach di 0 n v bn v)
Ta phn dang ng lm hai loai : dang ng n gin v dang ng phc tap.
Dang ng n gin l cc dang ng ch bao gm cc oan thng, khong
trng v u chm.
Dang ng phc tap l cc dang ng khng ch cha cc oan thng, khong
trng, du chm m con cha cc i tng khc nh phng ch hay cc i tng
Shape.
2. To cc dng ng n gin.
C hai cch to dng ng n gin
Dng creat trong lnh -linetype
Tao file m t dang m ACII c phn m rng .LIN.
2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.
Command: -LINETYPE
Current line type: "ByLayer"
Enter an option [?/Create/Load/Set]: C
Enter name of linetype to create: name
Wait, checking if linetype already defined...
(Hp thoai Creat and Append linetype file
hin ln bn di).
Descriptive text: Duong tam
Enter linetype pattern (on next line):
A,0.5,0.5,-0.25,0,-0.25
78
Create
Duong co ten la name
Chn tn file s tao mi hoc m
file .LIN c sn ghi ng lai
ng ny
Tn ng s hin trong hp
linetype manager
Nhp vo cc byte m t dang
Quy c m t dang ng trong linetype.

Dang ng c bt u bng ch A. Ch A ny quy nh kt thuc i tng
bng gach lin.
Gi tr dng quy nh chiu di nt gach lin.
Gi tr m quy nh di khong trng.
S 0 quy nh oan thng c di bng 0 hay nt chm (dot).
79
Nh vy dang ng c m t trong file sample1.lin trn c dang sau :

Chu : M A (alignment) quy nh cch v cc dang ng tai cc im cui ca cc
i tng v. M Alignment l t ng a vo trong nh ngha file .LIN.
Dang bnh thng.
Dang thu ngn lai.
Di ko di ra.
Dang qu ngn (bin i tng thnh nt lin).
2.2. To linetype bng cch son tho trc tip trong .LIN
Mi dang ng trong file .LIN c m t trong hai dng :
*linetype_name,description
A,descriptor1,descriptor2, ...
Du * t trc tn dang ng l bt buc.

Linetypename : Tn ca ng, s hin ln trong linetype manager.
Description : Chui m t c th c hoc khng c v di khng qu 47 k t.
A : quy nh kt thuc i tng v bng nt gach lin.
Descriptor 1,2,.. : Byte m t dang ng (nh trnh by trn).
IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape

Cch m t cc nt gach khong trng v du chm tng t nh trong file m t dang
ng n gin. Cu php m t mt dang ng ging nh dang ng n gin. i vi
dang ng c cha i tng shape th ta ch vic thm vo oan m t dang ng mt cu
php m t shape nh sau :
[shapename,shxfilename] or [shapename,shxfilename,transform]
Shape name : Tn ca i tng v shape. Nu tn ca i tng khng c trong file
shape, AutoCAD s xem nh khng c phn m t v i tng shape trong dang ng.
Shxfilename : Tn ca file .shx cha i tng shape cn chen vo dang ng. Cn
phi ch r tn, ng dn, nu khng AutoCAD s tm trong th muc mc nh cha cc file
.SHX : \Documents and Settings\[user name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD
2005\R16.0\enu\Support.
Transform : L muc ty chn, gm cc thng s tng ng vi php bin hnh khi chn
i tng shape v dang ng. Gi tr ca transform c m t trong bng di y, mi
thng s c cch nhau bi du phy.
Gi tr ca cc thng s Transform.
Gi tr
R=## Relative
rotation
A=## Absolute
rotation
S=## Scale
X=## X offset
Y=## Y offset
ngha
Gc quay tng i ca shape so vi ng
thng c v.
Gc quay tuyt i so vi truc OX ca h ta
WCS.
H s t l (ca shape c chen vi shape
c m t trong shape file).
di theo phng ng thng (X n v)
di theo phng vung gc vi ng
thng. (Y n v). (X,Y c th l s m)
V du :
Dng lnh load ti file ltypeshx.shx vo bn v, sau nh lnh Shape
chen shape c tn l bat v bn v. Hnh ca bat hin ln nh sau :
80
M file LT_Sample.LIN ra v nh them 3 linetype sau :

*BAT1LINE, --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5],-12.7
*BAT2LINE, --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5,R=0,X=-20.0],-12.7
*BAT3LiNE, --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,C:\sample\ltypeshp.shx,S=5,y=-6.0,r=90,X=-6],-12.7
Hnh dang cc linetype trn hin theo th t nh sau :
Chu : tn linetype khng nht thit phi vit hoa. Th t cc transform khng nht
thit phi c nh.
1. Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch.
Cu php m t i tng ch trong dang ng phc tap nh sau : (* ch trong
AutoCAD 2005, cu php tao dang ng c cha cc k t c khc so vi cc phin bn
trc, n yu cu nght ngheo hn cc phin bn trc).
["text",textstylename,scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset]
Text : chui k t c chen vo.
Style : Tn kiu ch m AutoCAD s ly nh dang cho text.
Scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset : Tng t nh trn cc thng s ca transform.
V du :
*HOT_WATER_SUPPLY1,---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---A,.5,-.2,["HW",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.2
Kt qu ta c dang ng nh sau :
Chu : Nu s=0 th text s ly theo font v c c ch (height) bng 1.
V. To cc mu mt ct.
1. File mu mt ct.
Mu mt ct c AutoCAD miu t trong file c phn m rng .PAT. Ta c th s
dung cc mt ct c sn c m t trong cc file ACAD.PAT v ACADISO.PAT hoc t tao
cc mu ring lu lai trong file .PAT di nh dang ACII file. Chu , khc vi dang ng,
mi file dang mt ct ch cha c mt dang mt ct v tn file phi trng vi tn mt ct.
Mc nh *.pat c lu trong th muc \Documents and Settings\[user
name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2005\R16.0\enu\Support.
81
Sau khi tao xong cc dang mt ct trong cc file ring l. Ban c th copy oan m t
mt ct trong cc file ny vo cc file Acad.Pat hoc AcadIso.Pat, b xung chung vo muc
Patern trong lnh BHatch.
Cng ging nh dang ng, ta chia dang mt ct thnh hai loai : Mt ct n gin v
dang mt ct phc tap.
Mu mt ct n gin l mu ch cha mt dang ng thng.
Mu mt ct phc tap l mu gm nhiu h ng thng hp thnh.
2. To mu mt ct n gin.
Mt mu mt ct trong file .PAT c m t bng nhiu dong lin nhau. Cu php m t
nh sau :
*pattern-name[, description]
angle, x-origin,y-origin, delta-x,delta-y [, dash1, dash2, ...]
Pattern name : Tn mt ct s m t, khng c cha khong trng.
Description : Phn m t (Khng bt buc) v khng c vt qu 80 k t
Angle : Gc ca ng ct.
x-origin : Honh x ca im chun dng v mu mt ct. Thng thng ta s
dung im gc c ta (0,0)
y-origin : Tung ca im chun dng lm gc ta .
delta-x : di ca ng ct theo phng phng ng thng.
delta-y : di ca ng ct theo phng vung gc vi phng ng thng.
dash1, dash2, ... : Ch s dung khi cc ng ct l dang ng khng lin tuc. Cc
gi tr ny m t dang ng (bao gm nt gach v khong trng).
V d
Tao file c tn L123.PAT ni dung nh sau
*L123, proposed future trailers
0, 0,0, 0,0.5
Tao file c tn L124.PAT ni dung nh sau

90, 0,0, 0,1
82

0,1,0,1,2,-3,1
3. To cc mu mt ct phc tp.
Mu mt ct phc tap c tao t nhiu h ng khc nhau (line family). Cc h
ng ny c m t trn mt dong vo tap thnh mt mt ct phc tap.
V du :
oan m t sau tao ra mt mt ct nh hnh v
*lightning, interwoven lightning
90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25

0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25
83

90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25
V oan m sau m t mt mt ct phc tap tao bi 3 h ng trn :

90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25
0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25
90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25
VI. Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc loi menu
C tng cng c 10 loai menu
Cc menu (pulldown menu): l menu nh file, edit,
Cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu): l menu hin ln khi ta n phi chut ti v
tr trn bn v.
Cc thanh cng c (toolbar). Ci ny th ai cng bit ri.
Cc menu hnh nh (Image menu) : l menu hin ln nh khi ta vo mc
DrawSurfaces3d surfaces.
Cc menu mn hnh (Screen menu) : menu ny c hin ln khi ta vo Tools
optionDisplayWindow elementDisplay screen menu.
Cc menu thit b chut (Auxiliary menu) : menu ny l cc thit b chut nh ta
bm ctrl+chut tri, ctrl+chut phi.
Cc thit b khc ca h thng nhp (Button menu): y l menu phc v cho cc
thit b khc ca h thng nhp nh bt in t.
84
Cc bng nhp s ha (tablet) : menu dnh ring cho cc bng s ha ca cad.

Ci ny ti cng mi nhn thy ln u ti trin lm tin hc thng 11 va ri ( cn
gi l tablet digital).
Cc chui ch thch status (helpstring): Ci ny th ai cng bit ri. Khi ta
chuyn con tr ln cc menu , s xut hin cc dng ch thch thanh trng thi
(status).
Cc phm nng (shortcu key). V d ctrl+oOpen, v.v
1.2. Cc loi file menu
Chung ta c cc loai file menu sau :
*.mnu
*.mns
*.mnc
*.mnr
*.mnl
File menu mu, y l file m ACII m ban c th hiu chnh trc

tip trn n.
y l file menu ngun c pht sinh bi AutoCAD da trn file
*.mnu. Cu truc file ny n gin hn mnu mt chut nhng v c
bn l ging. Ban cng c th hiu chnh trc tip trn file ny. Khi
ban thay i cc phm tt, hoc thay i cc toolbar, ngay trong
CAD th CAD s ghi lai s thay i trn file ny. Ch khng ghi
vo file *.mnu. CAD s khng can thip vo File *.mnu v n coi
file ny l file ca ngi dng tao ra.
L file bin dch m nh phn ca AutoCAD. AutoCAD s bin dch
file mns trn thnh file file mnc my c th ti v s l nhanh
hn.
File nh phn cha cc nh bitmap c s dung cho menu nh.
File acci cha cc chng trnh Autolisp i kem vi menu. N s t
ng c ti ln nu c cng tn vi file *.mnc
Cc file trn tao thnh h cc file menu (family menu files).

Khi mt file menu c ti, n s c ng k ln registry v ln sau khi khi ng
AutoCAD n s ti lai file menu ny.
Quy trnh ti mt menu nh sau :
85
Quy c
Bt u
+ : Tm thy
-- : Khng tm thy
Tm *.mns
--
Tm *.mnc
--
To ra file
*.mnc v *.mnr
da trn file *mns
Tm *.mnc
--
Tm *.mnu
Bin dch *.mnu

thnh *.mns v *.mnc
to ra file *mnr
Ti *.mnc
--
Bo li
Kt thc
1.3. Ti, g bo mt menu

Lnh Menuload dng ti mt menu vo AutoCAD. Ta cng c th iu chnh s
hin th ca cc menu trn hp thoai Customization Menu.
Lnh Menu cho php ta ti mt menu vo AutoCAD, khc vi mnh Menuload trc
khi trc khi ti menu th n g bo tt c cc menu hin hnh trong AutoCAD.
Chu khi ti file *.mnu, cc thay i ca toolbar s bin mt. V CAD s dch file
*.mnu thnh file *.mns v khi file *.mns ca ban s bin mt, ng ngha vi iu l
cc thay i trong toolbar ,shortcut key ca ban cng bin mt theo.
V cc menu th ta phn bit hai loai menu l menu chnh v menu tng phn.
Menu chnh l cc menu c ti u tin bng lnh menuload. Hay cc menu c ti
bng lnh menu trong dong lnh command ca CAD.
Menu chnh khc menu tng phn ch : Menu chnh c ti ton b vo CAD. Con
cc menu tng phn cc phn v AUX menu v Buttom menu s khng c ti.
2. Ty bin mt menu
2.1. Cu trc mt file menu
Thng thng mt file menu gm 9 phn.
Mi file menu s m t mt nhm menu v dong u tin s quy nh tn ca nhm
. Cu php m t nh sau :
***Menugroup=namegroup.
86
Phn 2 : cha cc button menu v cc auxiliary menu. Cc menu ny dng iu

khin cc thit b chut v cc thit b h thng khc nu c.
Phn 3 : cc menu pop, l cc menu
Phn 4 : cc menu toolbar, l cc dng m t cc thanh cng c
Phn 5 : cha cc dng m t menu Image
Phn 6 : m t cc menu mn hnh (screen menu)
Phn 7 : m t cc bng s ha (tablet)
Phn 8 : cc dng m t cc shortcut key
Phn 9 : cc dng quy nh cc dng tr gip (tatus string).
Cc ghi chu c bt u bng du //
Mi phn gm mt hoc nhiu section (hoc cng c th khng c). Mi section l mt
nhm cc menu c chc nng tng t nhau (thng thng l th). Mi section gm c 3
phn.
Phn 1 : tn ca section. Tn ca section c bt u bng ba du sao.
Tn ca section
***Butonsn
***AUXn
***Popn
***Toolbars
***Image
***Screen
***Tabletn
***HelpStrings
***Accelerators
Thnh phn menu tng ng

Menu ca cc thit b tro khc.
Menu thit b chut
Cc popup menu hoc cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu)
Cc thanh cng cu
Cc menu hnh nh
Menu mn hnh
Cc bng s ha
Cc chui tr giup trn thanh trang thi
Cc phm nng
Phn 2 : Tn ca menu, Tn ca menu bt u bng 2 du sao v yu cu phi l

duy nht. Tn ny dng lin kt cc mc ca cc menu khc, cc thanh cng c,
cc dng tr gip v cc menu hnh nh. Tn ca menu khng c c nhiu hn
12 k t v khng c cha khong trng. Nu khng chng s b b qua.
Phn 3 : nhn v tn ca nhm menu. C php m t n nh sau :
ID_NameLabel [dong mo ta se hien len tren man hinh]
Phn 3 : cc menu thnh phn. C php m t mt menu item nh sau :
ID_NameLabel [name]menu_macro
Trong : name l tn s xut hin ln mn hnh ca menu item.
Menu_macro l nhng macro c thi hnh khi menu ny c chn.
Quan st mt v du trong file acad.mnu nh sau
***POP1
**FILE
ID_MnFile [&File]
ID_New
[&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new
ID_NewSheet
[Ne&w Sheet Set...]^c^c_newsheetset
ID_Open
[&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open
ID_OpenSheet
[Op&en Sheet Set...]^c^c_opensheetset
ID_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]^C^C_close
87
Section name
Nenu name
Menu ID v dong m t ca
menu s xut hin trn mn
hnh (nh file,edit,draw,)
Cc dong tip theo m t
cc muc chn (hay con gi l
cc menu thnh phn menu
item)
2.2. Menu Macro

y l phn quan trong nht trong menu v tt c loai menu u c cha n.
Menu macro l mt chui cc k t cha tn lnh s c gi khi MenuItem c chn.
Th t ca cc tham s trong menu macro ging nh th t xut hin cc tham s ny tai
dong nhc lnh command ca AutoCAD.
Cc quy c dng trong menu macro.
Ky t
Space bar, du ;
Space bar
du \
Du +
Du *
^C
^P
^M
^B
Ê
^G
^H
Ô
^T
^Z
//
M t
Du enter trong AutoCAD
L khong trng khi ang nhp text
Tam dng user nhp s liu, c th l nhp mt im bng
kich chut hoc nhp mt gi tr
Dng khi dong m t qu di, Mun m t tip dong k tip ta
t du + cui dong
t u macro, sau ^C^C, s lp i lp lai lnh n khi ta n
ESC hoc chn Menu Item khc
Hy tt c cc lnh ang hoat ng (Escapse)
Tt tt c cc hin th ca macro trn mn hnh. (Bin h thng
MenuEcho thnh on,off).
K t ENTER (Ctrl+M)
Chuyn i (tt/m) cc ch hin th ta con tro (Ctrl+B)
Chuyn v tr si tc con tro trn mn hnh v mt trong 3 v tr
trong mt phng truc o (Ctrl+E)
Chuyn i ch hin th li (Ctrl+G)
Tng t nh phm BackSpace., dng xa k t trc noa ca
dong lnh command.
Chuyn i ch V vung gc (Ortho).
Chuyn i chc nng nhp t bng nhp tablet (Ctrl+T)
K t rng, t ng thm khong trng vo cui Menu Item.
Quy c bt u ca chui chu thch.
V d 1 :
ID_ArcStCeAn [S&tart, Center, Angle]^C^C_arc \_c \_a
Phn tch v du:
S&tart, Center, Angle : Hin th trn menu : Start, Center, Angle
^C^C : Hy tt c cc lnh trc n.
_arc : Bt u v mt cung tron, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng
khc nhau.
khong trng tng ng vi phm enter.
\ : tam dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_c : Chn option center, cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc nhau.
\ : tam dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_a : Chn mt option angle, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc
nhau.
V d 2
ID_MoveRight [Move .1 Right]^C^Cselect \move previous ;.1,0 ;
Phn tch v du:
^C^C : Thot mi lnh ang s dung.
Select : Bt u select command.
Du cch th hin enter, kt thuc lnh select.
88
Sau s dch chuyn cc object chn sang Phi 0.1 n v bn v

V d 3
oan macro sau y s chuyn ng polyline c chn thnh ng polyline c b
rng 0.1 n v.
^C^Cpedit \w .1 ;
V d 4
Ban c th s dung macro sau t ng v 4 ng tron vi bn knh v tm c
nh sn, v dong qu di ta phi vit lm 2 dong nn ta thm du cng cui.
^C^Ccircle 2,2 1.5 circle 6,2 1.5 circle 10,2 1.5 circle +
14,2 1.5
2.3. Pull-down Menu
2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu
Puldown menu c khai bo t section Pop1 n pop499. mi section c th c mt
hoc nhiu menu (thng thng l cha 1). Trong mi menu c th c ti a 999 muc
menu item. AutoCAD s bo qua nhng menu item vt qu gii han trn. Nu mn hnh
khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AutoCAD s t ng ct bt i va vi kch
thc mn hnh v hai hnh mi tn ln xung s c xut hin.
Pulldown chia lm hai loai.
Loi th nht c section t pop1 n pop 16. Cc menu ny s c t ng ti
vo v tr ca n trn mn hnh. Nu section ny m c nhiu hn mt menu th ch
menu u tin mi c ti vo mn hnh.
Loi th hai c section t Pop17 n pop 499. Cc menu ny s khng t ng
c ti vo mn hnh. Tuy nhin ta vn c th ti n vo mn hnh bng lnh
menuload hoc bng chc nng menu swapping.
2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu
i vi cc pull-down menu, tiu ca muc chn u tin s c s dung lm tiu
xut hin trn thanh menu. Con cc dong m t tip theo s l nhn, tiu v macro ca cc
menu thnh phn.
Cch tao tiu cho cc menu v menu thnh phn l nh nhau; cc tiu phi
c t trong du ngoc vung.
Cc quy c tao tiu ca menu.
K t
ngha
-Dong phn cch trn thanh menu
->
Bt u mt menu cha (submenu)
<Kt thuc menu cha (kt thuc submenu)
<-<Khai bo cui cng ca submenu v menu
$( )
Cho php s dung chui DIESEL trong tiu muc menuItem.
~
Lm m muc chn v khng cho php chn muc ny
!.
Lm xut hin du chn () trc menu.
&
Lm xut hin du gach chn cho k t ng sau n (khai bo phm tt)
\t
Canh l phi cho k t trong tiu ca muc chn.
\c
Khai bo phm nng.
Phn tch v d sau :
**FILE
ID_MnFile
[&File]
ID_New
[&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new
ID_Open
[&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open
89
ID_DWG_CLOSE
[&Close]^C^C_close
[--]
ID_Save
[&Save\tCtrl+S]^C^C_qsave
ID_Saveas
[Save &As...\tCtrl+Shift+S]^C^C_saveas
ID_Export
[&Export...]^C^C_export
[--]
ID_Inan
[->Print]
ID_Preview
[/vPlot Preview]^C^C_preview
ID_PlotSetup [Pa&ge Setup Manager...]^C^C_pagesetup
ID_PlotMgr
[Plotter &Manager...]^C^C_plottermanager
ID_Print
[<-&Plot...\tCtrl+P]^C^C_plot
[--]
ID_MRU
[Drawing History]
[--]
ID_APP_EXIT
[E&xit\tCtrl+Q]^C^C_quit
Phn tch v d sau :
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho
[$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]Ô
ID_Snap
[$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B
ID_grid
[$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G
ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line
2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu
Ta c th lm m hay nh du chn cho cc menu Item, hoc ta cng c th ly cc
thng s trang thi ca tng menu Item bng cch s dung tham chiu thng qua cc hm
AutoLisp.
C hai loai tham chiu :
Tham chiu tng i
Tham chiu tuyt i.
Tham chiu tng i.
Tham chiu tng i l tham chiu s dung tn nhn ca menu item.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc muc ca pulldown menu.
C php :
gn trang thi cho menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=xxx)
ly thng s trang thi ca menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=?) hm tr v gi tr xxx
Trong
yyy tn ca nhm menu
zzz nhn muc chn
xxx - trang thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !. (c nh u chn) (trang
thi bnh thng.
Tham chiu tuyt i
Tham chiu tuyt i l tham chiu d trn vic m s lng cc menu trn mn hnh.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc muc ca pulldown menu.
C php :
gn trang thi cho menu
(menucmd Pn.i=xxx)
ly thng s trang thi ca menu
90
(menucmd Pn.i=#?) hm tr v gi tr xxx

Trong
n s th t ca menu tnh t tri sang phi trn mn hnh.
i s th t ca menu item cn tham chiu n (tnh c submenu v du ngn
cch gia cc phn trong menu )
xxx Gi trih ca xxx bng Pn.i=&trang thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !.
(c nh u chn) (trang thi bnh thng.
V d :
ID_Swap1
[Swaping1]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "P1.1=#?") "P1.1=~") (menucmd
"P1.1=") (menucmd "p1.1=~") )
ID_Swap2
[Swaping2]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=?") "~")
(menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=") (menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=~") )
2.3.4. Chen v loi bo Pull-down menu trn menubar
Ngoi lenh MenuLoad, cc pull-down menu ca nhm ny c th c a vo thanh
menubng cu php sau y :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=+uuu.vvv)
Trong :
Gyyyzzz - s xc nh v tr ca pull-down menu uuu.vvv s chen vo.
yyy Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr.
zzz B danh (hay tn muc chn) ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr cho
uuu.vvv chn vo .
uuu Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun chen.
uvv Tn b danh ca pull-down menu cn chen
Ta cng c th loai bo mt Pull-down menu khoi thanh menu bng lnh sau :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=-)
Trong :
yyy Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun xa.
zzz B danh ca pull-down menu mun xa.
V du :
***pop3
**Test3
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho
[$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]Ô
ID_Snap
[$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B
ID_grid
[$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G
ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line
ID_huybo
[Xoa menu]^c^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=-")
ID_chenpop4 [Chen pop4]^C^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=+Custom.Pop4")
***pop4
**Test4
[Pop&4]
ID_monew1
[mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=~");^P
ID_hiennew1 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=");^P
ID_TTnew1
[ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert (menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=?"));^P
[--]
ID_monew2
[mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=~");^P
ID_hiennew2 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=");^P
ID_TTnew2
[ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert "Cmdmenu"&(menucmd "P5.1=#?"));^P
91
2.4. Shortcut menu.

Shortcut menu v c bn ging Pull-down menu. Ch khc nhau khai bo section
Shortcut menu c khai bo t section Pop500 n pop999 V Pop0. Trong mi menu
c th c ti a 499 muc menu item. AutoCAD s bo qua nhng menu item vt qu gii
han trn. Nu mn hnh khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AutoCAD s t ng ct
bt i va vi kch thc mn hnh v hai hnh mi tn ln xung s c xut hin.
Menu Pop0 ca AutoCAD l menu Snap, hin cc phng thc truy bt im.
Cc menu Pop500 n Pop999 l cc menu ng cnh (context menu)
2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
Cc nut ca thit b con chut c khi bo bi cc auxiliary menu v c m t trong
file menu t section ***AUXn (t ***AUX1 n ***AUX4)
Cc thit b tro khc nh but in t c khi bo bi cc Buttons menu v c m t
trong file menu t section ***Buttonsn.
Lu l cc buttons menu v cc auxiliary menu ch c hiu lc trong file menu base
(menu chnh) ch khng c tc dung nu ta khai bo trong cc partial menu (menu thnh
phn).
V m t ca buttons menu v auxiliary ging nhau nn y ta ch xt cc AUX menu,
con cc buttons menu tng t.
Cc menu t section AUX1 n AUX4 c ngha nh sau :
Section
T hp phm v chut
AUX1
Nhn mt trong cc nut chut
AUX2
Phm Shift + mt nut chut
AUX3
Phm Ctrl + mt nut chut
AUX4
Phm Ctrl+Shift+mt nut chut
2.5.2. To cc AUX menu.
Mi dong trong section ny l mt muc chn. Cu truc ca section cng tng t nh
cc section khc. Tuy nhin phn tn v tiu l khng bt buc, ta c th bo qua chung
hoc ta s dung chung lm chu thch.
Xem xt v du sau :
***AUX1
// Simple button
// if a grip is hot bring up the Grips Cursor Menu (POP 500), else send a carriage return
// If the SHORTCUTMENU sysvar is not 0 the first item (for button 1, the "right
button")
// is NOT USED.
$M=$(if,$(eq,$(substr,$(getvar,cmdnames),1,5),GRIP_),$P0=ACAD.GRIPS $P0=*);
$P0=SNAP $p0=*
^C^C
^B
Ô
^G
^D
Ê
^T
Muc th nht tng ng vi nut chut th 2 nu bin h thng shortcutmenu=0. Con
nu bin ny khc khng th nut ny s c lin kt vi cc shortcut menu mc nh ca h
thng AutoCAD.
92
Muc th 2 tng ng vi nut s 3 ca h thng chut nu bin h thng

Mbuttonpan=0. Con bin ny khc khng th nut ny s c lin kt vi nut pan mc nh
ca AutoCAD (mc nh ca bin ny l 1).
Muc chn th 3 tng ng vi nut lnh th 4 ca chut.
Ni chung chut c bao nhiu nut th ta c by nhiu dong lnh.
Ta lu l ch c Pop0 th mi c kh nng hin tai v tr con chut trn mn hnh.
V d sau s dng tiu lm ch thch :
***AUX1
[nut so 2];
nut th hai l lnh enter.
[nut so 3](alert "nut thu 2 duoc an") nut th ba a ra thng bo.
[nut thu 4]^C^C nut th 4 nut escape.
Tng t nh th ban c th hiu chnh cc menu AUX2, AUX3, AUX4 ca mnh sao
cho hp vi cc
2.5.3. Menu swaping.
Menu swaping dng trao i ni dung gia cc menu. V du khi ta ang thc hin
lnh zoo, bn phi chut chuyn sang shortcut menu khc. Hay khi vo Draw
Surfaces 3D surface... AutoCAD chuyn sang menu image ban chn cc hnh cn v vi
slide i kem.
Cu php tro i nh sau :
$Section=MenuGroup.MenuName $Section=MenuGroup.*
Nu 2 menu ta mun trao i nm cung trong mt group ta c th bo qua MenuGroup.
Ngha l cu php ca ta s nh sau ;
$Section=MenuName $Section=*
V d sau c trch trong file Acad.mnu :
ID_3dsurface [&3D Surfaces...]$I=ACAD.image_3dobjects $I=ACAD.*
y menu item 3d surfaces trong menu draw ca AutoCAD. Khi ta chn muc ny th
AutoCAD s chuyn sang menu image c tn l image_3dobjects
V d sau c trch trong file Acad.mnu :
***AUX2
// Shift + button
$P0=SNAP $p0=*
Khi ta bn shift + chut phi s chuyn sang section Pop0, menu Snap nm trong
Section Pop0.
2.6. Image Tile menus
Menu hnh nh l loai menu c bit trong AutoCAD, cha danh sch cc muc chn v
cc hnh slide tng ng vi cc muc chn . Khi chn vo cc muc chn
2.6.1. Section ca Image menu
Cc menu hnh nh nm trong section Image. V c khai bo l ***Image. Section v
du mt section menu hnh nh nh sau :
***image
Khai bo tn section
**image_poly Tn ca menu (menu name)
[Set Spline Fit Variables]
Tiu ca menu hnh nh.
[acad(pm-quad,Quadric Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 5
Cc dong m t cc muc chn
[acad(pm-cubic,Cubic Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 6 ca menu hnh nh
[acad(pm-bezr,Bezier Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 8
[acad(pl-quad,Quadric Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 5
93
[acad(pl-cubic,Cubic Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 6

2.6.2. M t mc chn ca menu hnh nh
Mi muc chn ca menu hnh nh c m t gm 2 phn : tiu v menu macro
(khng c phn nhn ID nh cc pull-down menu).
Phn tiu c cc cch m t sau :
[sldname]
Anh ca slide sldname s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu, tiu l
sldname s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu.
[sldname,labeltext]
Tiu l LabelText s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. Anh ca
slide sldname s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu.
[sldlib(sldname)]
Tiu l sldname s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. Anh ca slide
sldname nm trong th vin slide c tn l sldlib s c hin ln khung bn phi ca
hp menu.
[sldlib(sldname,labeltext)]
Tiu l labeltext s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. Anh ca slide
sldname nm trong th vin slide c tn l sldlib s c hin ln khung bn phi ca
hp menu.
[blank]
Khi ban mun chen mt Icon trng trn danh sch cc slide bn phi hp menu. Mt
dong phn cch s c hin ln trn danh sch pha bn tri hp menu.
[ labeltext]
Khi k t u tin ca muc m t l khong trng, muc mo t s c hin ln trong
danh sch nhng khng c mt Icon no c hin ln bn phi hp menu c. Ban
thng dng n trong trng hp ban mun tao mt nut exit thot ra khoi menu hnh
nh, th muc chn ny thng khng c Icon i kem.
2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh
Ngoi vic gi hin th cc menu hnh nh bng chc nng swap menu (nh trnh
by muc 2.5.3), ta con c th s dung cc dong lnh AutoLisp gi chung. Cu php nh
sau :
(MenuCmd I=yyy.xxx)(menu cmd i=*)
Trong
yyy Tn nhm menu. Nu cng chung mt group th ta c th bo qua yyy.
xxx Tn menu hnh nh.
V du nh sau :
(menucmd "I=acad.image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*")
(menucmd "I=image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*")
2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide.
To cc slide.
Lu :
Tao slide phi tht d nhn bit.
Hnh nh phi va khung. Hnh nh c tao vi t l (1 x 1.5)
Cc i tng t m nh Pline, trace, 2d solid ch hin ln cc ng vin. c
cc hnh t bng ta s dung lnh t bng Shade trc khi tao hnh slide.
94
Trnh t tao :
Chuyn qua khng gian giy v
Tao Viewport c kch thc 1,5:1
To th vin slide.
2.7. Menu mn hnh.

2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh.
2.8. Chui ch thch thanh trng thi.

2.8.1. Section ca on m t chui ch thch.
Cc dong chu thch ny c m t trong section ***HELPSTRINGS
2.8.2. M t chui ch thch.
Dong m t nh sau : ID_menu [status tring]
V du :
2.9. To cc phm tt.
2.9.1. Section ca on m t cc phm tt
oan m t cc phm tt nm trong section : ***ACCELERATORS.
2.9.2. To phm tt
Tn mc chn + t hp phm nng
V du :
ID_Open [control+O]
T hp phm nng+Chui lnh cn thc hin.
V du :
[Control + O]^C^C_Open
Cc t hp thng dng :
Control, shift, Alt, A,Z,"numpad0","numpad9"
VII.
Toolbar
1. cch to toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar

1.1. To Toolbar
1.2. To nt lnh mi
1.3. Sa nt lnh
1.4. To mt Flyout
95
Trnh din mt ln tao toolbars.

Chu tao flyout Toolbar
Khi mun tao mt nut lnh trong toolbar, ban chuyn n commands User Defined
button, User Defined Flyout. Ko r uer difined vo toolbar m ban cn thm mi nut lnh.
Sau bm vo nut Properties, hp thoai s hin ra nh sau :
96
Tao Toolbars bng cch dng lnh customise l n gin v thun tin nht. Tuy nhin
ban con c th tao ra bng cch soan tho trc tip trong file acad.mnu.
2. Cch to toolbars bng cch son tho trong file *.mnu
Cc base menu v partial menu u c th khai bo cc thanh cng cu trong section
***TOOLBARS ca mnh. Section ny chia lm nhiu oan **XXXX tng ng vi tn
thanh cng cu
Mi oan m t thanh cng cu bt u bng tn thanh cng cu ***XXXX. Sau l
cc dong nh sau :
Dong u tin m t tng qut v thanh cng cu.
Cc dong tip theo m t cc nut lnh trn thanh cng cu . C 3 loai nut lnh :
Button, Flyout v Control.
2.1. Dong m t tng qut thanh cng c
C php :
TAG[Toolbar (tbarname,orient, visible, x, y, rows)]
TAG : tn muc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Tbarname : tiu thanh cng cu. t trong du nhy chui
Orient : v tr mc nh ca thanh cng cuk. Cc gi tr c th gn cho muc ny l :
_Floating, _Top, _Bttm, _Left v _Right. (khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng).
Visible : mc nh xut hin trn mn hnh hay khng. Cc gi tr c th gn cho
muc ny l _show v _hide.(khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng)
X,y : v tr xut hin mc nh trn mn hnh, tnh t mp trn tri khng gian v.
Rows : s dong mc nh chua cc nut lnh
Ch : Cc c im ca thanh cng cu nh Orient, visible, x, y, rows s c lu lai
trong registry ca Window mi khi autocad ng lai. Ch khi no khng tm thy cc gi tr
trn registry, autocad mi s dung cc gi tr mc nh trong file menu.
V du :
**TB_Draw
ID TbDraw [toolbar (Draw),_left, Show,0,0,1]
2.2. Dong m t loi nt lnh Button
C php :
97
TAG [button (btnname, ID_Small, ID_Large)] macro

Btnname : tiu nut lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng lm
ToolTip (dong ch chu thch xut hin trn nn vng, khi con tro c a n nm
tai v tr biu tng nut lnh trn thanh cng cu)
ID_Small : xc nh hnh nh nu lnh hin trn thanh cng cu. y l tn ca mt
trong cc biu tng nho (kch thc 16 x 15) tao sn ca AutoCAD (v du :
ICON_16_Line). Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t tao (kch thc 15x16) t trong cc
th muc mc nh ca AutoCAD.
ID_Large : xc nh hnh nh nu lnh hin trn thanh cng cu khi chn muc Large
buttons trn hp thoai Toolbats. y l tn ca mt trong cc biu tng ln (kch
thc 24 x 22) tao sn ca AutoCAD. Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t tao (kch thc
24 x 26) t trong cc th muc mc nh ca AutoCAD. Nu kch thc khng phi
l 24 x 22, AutoCAD s t iu chnh t l cho bng kch thc ny.
Macro : menu macro, c cu php tng t cu php ca cc menu khc trong phn
ny.
V du :
**TB_DRAW
ID_TbDraw [_Toolbar("Draw", _Left, _Show, 0, 0, 1)]
ID_Line
[_Button("Line", RCDATA_16_LINE, RCDATA_16_LINE)]^C^C_line
ID_Xline [_Button("Construction Line", RCDATA_16_XLINE, RCDATA_16_XLINE)]^C^C_xline
ID_Pline [_Button("Polyline", RCDATA_16_PLINE, RCDATA_16_PLINE)]^C^C_pline
ID_Polygon [_Button("Polygon", RCDATA_16_POLYGO, RCDATA_16_POLYGO)]^C^C_polygon
ID_Rectang [_Button("Rectangle", RCDATA_16_RECTAN, RCDATA_16_RECTAN)]^C^C_rectang
ID_Arc
[_Button("Arc", RCDATA_16_ARC3PT, RCDATA_16_ARC3PT)]^C^C_arc
2.3. Dong m t loi nt lnh Flyout.

Flyout l mt loai nut lnh trn thanh cng cu, khi chn s xut hin mt thanh cng cu
khc (c chc nng tng t nh SubMenu). V du, trn thanh cng cu Standard c nut lnh
Flyout zoom, khi ta chn s xut hin thanh cng cu Zoom.
C php :
TAG [flyout (flyname,ID_Smaill,ID_Large, Icon, alias)] macro
Btnname : tiu nut lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng lm
ToolTip (dong ch chu thch xut hin trn nn vng, khi con tro c a n nm
tai v tr biu tng nut lnh trn thanh cng cu)
ID_small v ID_large ging nh muc trn.
Icon : nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr sau :
o OwnIcon : Hnh nh nut Flyout trn thanh cng cu s khng thay i
o OtherIcon : Hnh nh nut Flyout s thay i theo hnh nh ca nut va
c chn
Alias : Tn b danh ca thanh cng cu gn vi nut flyout.
Macro : tng t nh nut lnh button.
**TB_ZOOM
ID_TbZoom [_Toolbar("Zoom", _Floating, _Hide, 100, 350, 1)]
ID_ZoomWindo [_Button("Zoom Window", RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN)]'_zoom _w
ID_ZoomDynam [_Button("Zoom Dynamic", RCDATA_16_ZOODYN, RCDATA_16_ZOODYN)]'_zoom _d
ID_ZoomScale [_Button("Zoom Scale", RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA, RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA)]'_zoom _s
ID_ZoomCente [_Button("Zoom Center", RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN, RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN)]'_zoom _c
ID_ZoomObjec [_Button("Zoom Object", RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ, RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ)]'_zoom _o
[--]
ID_ZoomIn [_Button("Zoom In", RCDATA_16_ZOOIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOIN)]'_zoom 2x
ID_ZoomOut [_Button("Zoom Out", RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT, RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT)]'_zoom .5x
[--]
98
ID_ZoomAll [_Button("Zoom All", RCDATA_16_ZOOALL, RCDATA_16_ZOOALL)]'_zoom _all

ID_ZoomExten [_Button("Zoom Extents", RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT, RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT)]'_zoom _e
**TB_STANDARD
ID_TbZoom [_Flyout("Zoom", RCDATA_16_ZOOM, RCDATA_16_ZOOM, _OtherIcon, ACAD.TB_ZOOM)]
2.4. Dong m t nt lnh Control.

Nut lnh Control c dang mt danh sch xung. Ccc danh
sch ny do AutoCAD tao sn.
V du nh danh sch mu trn thanh cng cu Object properties
ca AutoCAD.
Cu php nh sau : TAG [_control (name)]
TAG : tn muc chn (tng t nh cc section khc),
khng bt buc phi c
Name : Tn ca control do autoCAD tao sn. Cc gi tr
ca tham s ny nh sau :
o _Color
o _Dimstyle
o _Layer
o _LineType
o LineWeight
o UCSManager
o _View
o ViewportScale
V du : (trch trong file acad.mnu)
**TB_OBJECT_PROPERTIES
ID_TbObjectP [_Toolbar("Properties", _Top, _Show, 2, 1, 1)]
[_Control(_Color)]
[--]
[_Control(_Linetype)]
[--]
[_Control(_Lineweight)]
[--]
[_Control(_PlotStyle)]
99

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TRUNG TM M THUT A PHNG TIN

To ra 1 mng 3 chiu ty chn

Tnh din tch v chu vi 1 i tng hay vng c xc

To cc thuc tnh ca Block

Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca Block

BIN SON : FUTURE DESIGNER

TRUNG TM M THUT A PHNG TIN

BIN SON : FUTURE DESIGNER

TRUNG TM M THUT A PHNG TIN

Thot khi chng trnh

Lu bn v sang dng file khc (*.wmf...)

BIN SON : FUTURE DESIGNER

TRUNG TM M THUT A PHNG TIN

BIN SON : FUTURE DESIGNER

TRUNG TM M THUT A PHNG TIN

dng thc ca d liu;s dng OLE

Hin th menu thuc tnh

Hin th ch xem 1 bn v trc khi a ra in

BIN SON : FUTURE DESIGNER

TRUNG TM M THUT A PHNG TIN

BIN SON : FUTURE DESIGNER

Thc hin 1 chui cc lnht 1 Script

Hin th che du nh v tr ca cc thanh cng c

TRUNG TM M THUT A PHNG TIN

Vit cc i tng sang 1 file bn v mi

Kich Thuoc 1189x841

BIN SON : FUTURE DESIGNER

Tng hp th thut acad

Tng hp th thut acad

1. Ly li c ca s dng lnh command trong ACAD:

Tng hp th thut acad

cc anonymous block ra khi block table sau mi ln m file.

Tng hp th thut acad

i tng m khng mt cng chn li t u)

Tng hp th thut acad

17. cch ci t menu lnh trn thanh menubar:

Tng hp th thut acad

V d: T l 1:1 scale factor l 1.0, c ch l 2.5

Tng hp th thut acad

g?... Bm CTRL + 1 => vo Properties => tha h chnh sa i tng theo

Tng hp th thut acad

24. Khung bn v n mp giy khi in

Tng hp th thut acad

Tng hp th thut acad

29. Cch chn i tng bng lnh FI ( Filter )

Bn thng v ng dim c nt im l gch cho (kiu Architectural tick).

Tng hp th thut acad

- Nhn ok, ok.

Tng hp th thut acad

31. V nhanh cc bn v chi tit vi AutoCad

Tt layer cha bn v gc, hon tt bn v

Tng hp th thut acad

bn chn hnh. Nu bn v c kh ln, bn c th photo thu nh v kh A3, A4

AUTOCAD NNG CAO V

Sch tham kho :

Wileys & Sons

S tit ging : 45 Tit

PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)

II. Thit lp mi trng v.

Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N (6 tit)

Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)

Tham kho ngoi

Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)