Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MAPINFO PROFESSIONAL
Phn c bn
Hu, 2008
- Mapping Wizard Tool: L lnh gip thc hin cc lnh ca MapInfo qua tng bc
hng dn.
- MetaData Browser Launcher: Khi ng mt lin kt vo internet v gip tm kim
cc bn s c trn mng. MetaData Browser ch khi ng nu c ci t.
- Universal Translator: Trnh ng dng cho php dch cc bn s c nh dng khc
sang MapInfo hay ngc li. Trnh ng dng ny h tr dch mt s nh dng bn s ph
bin khc nh AutoCAD, ESRI Shape (Arcview), Intergraph/Microstation Design.
2.1.4. Thc n Objects
Thc n Objects gm cc lnh chnh sa trn ca s bn .
- Set Target: t i tng chn thnh i tng mc tiu.
- Clear Target: Hu thit lp mc tiu.
- Combine: Kt hp cc i tng chn thnh mt i tng mi.
- Disaggregate: Tch i tng.
- Buffer: To vng m cho mt hay nhiu i tng ang c chn. Lnh ny to ra
mt hay nhiu i tng kiu vng bao xung quanh (cc) i tng c chn vi bn knh
vng m do ta xc nh.
- Convex Hull: To ra mt a gic li chy quanh cc nt ngoi cng ca nhng i tng
c chn.
- Enclose: To ra (cc) vng t cc ng ct nhau khp kn.
- Voronoi: Chia mt khu vc ra thnh cc vng.
- Split: Phn tch i tng chn thnh cc i tng mi.
- Erase: Xo mt phn (hay ton b) mt hay nhiu i tng mc tiu chn bn
trong i tng khc.
- Erase Outside: Xo phn khng chung (nm ngoi) ca mt hay nhiu i tng.
Phn b xo l phn khng chung vi (cc) i tng ct. (Cc) i tng chu tc ng ca
lnh ny phi c thit lp l mc tiu. Trong cc lnh Split, Erase v Erase Outside i
tng ct phi l vng.
- Polyline Split: Lnh ny dng ng ct ng hay vng.
- Overlay nodes: To im chung (nt) gia mt hay nhiu i tng c thit lp l
mc tiu vi mt hay nhiu i tng c chn.
- Check Regions: Lnh ny gip kim tra li cc lp kiu vng sau khi s ho.
- Clean: Lm sch vng. Lnh Clean cho php ta nhanh chng sa li cc bng kiu vng.
- Snap/Thin: Lnh ny t ng tinh chnh cc i tng sau khi s ho. N cho php nhp
hai nt st nhau trn hai hay nhiu i tng khc nhau li chung mt v tr, loi b nt gia
trong 3 nt gn nh thng hng, xo b cc vng c din tch nh hn din tch ch nh.
- Smooth: Lm trn cc i tng chn.
- Unsmooth: Kh tc dng lm trn i tng ca lnh Smooth trc .
- Convert to Region: L lnh i ng thnh vng.
- Convert to Polyline: i vng thnh ng.
2.1.5. Thc n Query
Thc n ny bao gm cc lnh lin quan n vic chn v tm thng tin.
- Select: Chn i tng/bn ghi trong mt bng thng qua cc ch tiu cho trc v thc
hin ng thi vic tng hp cc d liu thuc tnh cho cc d liu c chn.
- SQL Select: Chn bng SQL - Structured Query Language (Ngn ng Truy vn c
Cu trc), y cng l lnh chn nhng SQL Select c cu trc lnh phc tp hn ng thi
n cho php ta chn d liu mnh hn so vi lnh Select.
- Select All: Chn tt c cc i tng trong cng mt lp i tng ang c chn.
- Invert Selection: o ngc php chn, tc kh chn nhng i tng ang c chn
v chn nhng i tng trc khng c chn trong mt bng.
- Unselect All: Kh chn tt c nhng i tng/bn ghi ang c chn.
- Find: Lnh ny tm kim cc i tng theo mt ch tiu cho trc v nh du n.
- Find Selection: Hin th cc i tng ang chn vo ca s hin thi trn mn hnh.
- Calculate Statistics: Hin th ca s thng tin tnh ton thng k
2.1.6. Thc n Table
Thc n ny bao gm cc lnh lin quan n d liu ca cc lp bn , cc d liu
ngoi MapInfo v mt s lnh v nh qut ng k vo MapInfo.
- Update Column: Thay i gi tr ca cc trng d liu trong Table. Thc hin lin
kt cc i tng trong cc Table theo trng d liu thuc tnh chung v theo phn b a l.
- Append Rows to Table: Ghp ni cc bn ghi ca hai Table c cng cu trc d liu
thnh 1 Table mi.
- Geocode: M a ho cc i tng trong bn
Create Points: To i tng im trn c s c d liu c sn.
- Combine Objects using Column: Kt hp cc i tng ho theo gi tr ca trng
d liu.
- Import: Lnh ny cho php nhp cc tp tin c nh dng khc vo MapInfo. Cc nh
dng tp tin c th nhp c vo MapInfo l MapInfo Interchange (*.mif), AutoCAD DXF
(*.dxf), MapInfo DOS MBI (*.mbi), MapInfo DOS MMI (*.mmi), MapInfo DOS Image
(*.img).
- Export: Lnh ny xut d liu trong bng MapInfo sang mt nh dng khc. Cc nh
dng c h tr l MapInfo Interchange (*.mif), Delimited ASCII (*.txt), AutoCAD DXF
(*.dxf) v dBASE DBF (*.dbf).
- Maintenance: Chnh sa cu trc bng d liu ca MapInfo nh thm trng, thay i
thuc tnh, kch thc trng,... (Table structure), xo Table, i tn Table, ng gi d liu
(pack Table)
- Raster: iu chnh nh qut (nh raster) trong MapInfo. Ta c th iu chnh tng
phn, sng cng nh trong sut (Translucency) ca nh qut c m trong
MapInfo. N cng cho php thay i ng k to nh qut trong MapInfo.
2.1.7. Thc n Options
Thc n ny gm cc lnh nh dng i tng ho trong MapInfo, cc lnh hin
th cc ca s v cc thanh cng c v nhng thit lp cc tu chn ca MapInfo.
- Line Style: nh dng kiu ng.
- Region Style: nh dng kiu vng.
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1- Symbol Button: To i tng im trn bn .
2- Line Button: To i tng ng thng.
3- Polyline Button: To i tng ng gp khc.
4- Arc Button: To ng vng cung.
5- Polygon Button: To i tng vng hnh a gic.
6- Ellipse Button: To i tng vng hnh ellipse. Gi phm <Shift> khi r chut s
to ra mt hnh trn.
7- Rectangle Button: To i tng vng hnh ch nht. Gi phm <Shift> khi r chut
s to ra hnh vung.
8- Rounded Rectangle Button: To i tng vng hnh ch nht bo trn gc, gi phm
<Shift> khi r chut s to ra hnh vung gc bo trn.
9- Text Button: To i tng ch.
10- Frame Button: To cc khung ca s trn trang trnh by.
11- Reshape Button: To iu khin bt/ tt cc im nt ca i tng.
12- Add Node Button: To thm im nt cho i tng.
13- Symbol Style Button: Chn/chnh kiu biu tng.
14- Line Style Button: Chn/chnh kiu ng
15- Region Style Button: Chn/chnh kiu vng
16- Text Style Button: Chn/chnh kiu ch.
1. Run MapBasic Program: Kch hot chng trnh load Run MapBasic Program.
2. Show/Hide MapBasic Window: a ra hoc ct i chng trnh MapBasic Window.
3. Creat line by length: To ng bng cch a cc thng s v di v gc.
4. Creat Grid: To li vung cho bn .
5. Text Label: Vit tn cho i tng (nhn).
6. Launch Metadata Browser: Khi ng trnh tm kim bn s trn mng.
7. Draw Scale Bar: To thc t l cho bn .
Tt c nhng hp cng c ny c load t File (Run Basic Program, tuy nhin mun
xo chng khi hp cng c TOOLS, bn ch cn vo TOOLS v chn ng tn (ri chn
Exit cc biu tng s ct i).
3.3. S HO BN
3.3.1. Phng php trc tip
Tng qut phng php s ho trc tip nh sau:
- M nh qut ng k ra bng lnh File > Open.
- Chn Map > Layer Control.
- nh du chnh sa vo lp Cosmetic.
- Tin hnh s ho bn bng cch dng cc cng c v trn thanh cng c Drawing.
Cc thng tin trn bn nn c s ho theo nhm v c cng kiu trong cng mt lp
d qun l sau ny.
- Khi s ho xong dng lnh Map > Save Cosmetic Objects lu cc i tng v
thnh mt bng MapInfo hon chnh.
- C th ch cn v vi i tng u tin l c th dng lnh trn lu nhng g v
thnh mt lp v t tn cho n. Xong vo li Map > Layer Control v nh du chnh sa
vo lp mi lu ri quay li v tip.
3.3.2. Phng php to bng mi trc
Sau khi ng k nh qut, ta s tin hnh to cc bng MapInfo mi (cha c thng
tin g). Gi s ta ng k bn hnh chnh tnh Tha Thin Hu v d kin s ho cc
thng tin sau: ranh gii tnh Tha Thin Hu, ranh gii huyn, ranh gii x, h thng ng
giao thng chnh (ng nha, ng st). cc sng ngi chnh, hnh chnh huyn, hnh
chnh x, a danh. Ta s to cc tp tin MapInfo mi (nhng khng c phn ho - cha v
g c) nh sau:
- Chn File > New Table; hp thoi New Table m ra.
- Trong phn Create New Table c 3 tu chn:
+ Open New Browser: To bng mi xong m ca s Browser ca bng mi ra.
im trong MapInfo theo mc nh l biu tng ngi sao mu en, c 12 point. Mun
i kiu ca im, cch lm nh sau:
- Dng cng c chn chn im , gi phm <Shift> chn nhiu i tng mt
lc, t menu chnh chn Options > Symbol Style hay chn nhanh bng cch nhp chut chn
nt nh dng biu tng trn thanh cng c Drawing. Hp thoi Symbol Style m ra:
Hp thoi ny gm cc ni dung sau:
+ Font: Chn Font cha biu tng thch hp, bn phi Font l chnh kch thc
biu tng.
+ Symbol: Chn biu tng thch hp.
+ Color: Chn mu cho biu tng.
+ Rotation Angle: Quay biu tng theo gi tr np vo ny (tnh theo - deg).
+ Background: C 3 tu chn l None - khng c nn cho biu tng; Halo - quanh
biu tng c vin trng v Border - to ng vin en quanh biu tng.
+ Effects: C 2 tu chn l Drop Shadow - to bng cho biu tng v Bold - biu
tng c mu m hn.
+ Sample: Hin th trc biu tng khi iu chnh.
- Sau khi chn cc nh dng trong hp thoi trn, chn OK.
b. nh dng ng
- Chn mt/nhiu ng.
- Chn Options > Line Style, chn nhanh bng cch nhp chut ln nt Line Style trn
thanh cng c Drawing. Hp thoi Line Style m ra.
Hp thoi ny bao gm cc ni dung sau:
+ Style: Chn kiu ng.
+ Color: Chn mu cho ng.
+ Width: Ch nh dy ca ng. Pixels: tnh dy ng theo im nh c gi tr
t 1 n 7; Points: tnh dy ng theo point c gi tr t 0.2 n 6.
+ Sample: Xem mu ng khi iu chnh.
- Thit lp tu chn xong chn OK.
c. nh dng vng
- Chn mt/nhiu vng cn nh dng
- Chn Options> Region Style
Hp thoi ny gm cc ni dung sau:
+ Fill: t mu cho vng, gm cc ni dung chn sau:
Pattern: Kiu t mu, N l khng mu (chn N th phn Foreground m i).
Foreground: Chn mu t.
Background: Mc nh tu chn ny tt i (tc khng hin mu nn di). nh du
ny cho php nh dng mu nn cho i tng vng. Nu c bt ln th tu chn mc
nh trong ny l N (khng mu).
- Border: nh dng ng vin cho vng, phn ny tng t nh dng ng.
Hp thoi ny c 3 tu chn:
+ Self- Intersection Detection: pht hin cc vng t ct v nh du ch t ct bng
mt biu tng.
+ Overlap Detection: pht hin cc vng chm ln nhau v nh du vng chm
bng cch v mt vng t mu ln vng .
+ Gap Detection: pht hin l h gia cc vng nm cnh nhau v nh du bng
mt vng t mu. Ch nh din tch ti a ca vng h cn nh du trong Maximum Gap
Area v chn n v tnh din tch trong Area Units.
Tu trng hp ta c th chn mt, hai hay c ba tu chn trn. Trong ba tu chn
ny ta c th thay i kiu nh du bng 3 nt chn kiu im v vng bn phi cc tu
chn ny.
- Ch nh cc tu chn xong chn OK. Cc im/vng nh du to thnh trn lp
no ang ch chnh sa.
Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 4. S ho cc lp thng tin bn
T kt qu ng k nh qut bi tp 1 (thuathienhue.tif), tin hnh s ho cc thng tin trn bn .
- Phn cc lp thng tin, i tng s ho: Thu h, giao thng, ranh gii, a danh, UBND, vng
hnh chnh.
- S ho cc i tng trn bn : S dng cc cng c v ng, im, vng, text s ho cc i
tng, i vi cc vng hnh chnh s dng cc lnh Split, Erase, Erase outside.
- nh dng cc i tng.
- iu chnh cc i tng.
- To buffer cho ranh gii.
- Kim tra vng.
Browser) th chn lnh Query > Find Selection, i tng c chn s hin th trong ca s
Browser.
- Nhp chut vo hng v nhp d liu cho cc trng. Di chuyn gia cc bng
cch s dng phm <Tab> hoc t hp phm <Shift> + <Tab>.
- Chn mt i tng khc v lm tng t cho n ht.
Cch nhp d liu theo cch ny c u im l kh nhm ln tuy nhin qu trnh thao
tc s chm khi nhp cho nhiu i tng c cng mt gi tr (thuc tnh).
4.2.2. Nhp d liu bng lnh Update Column
Nu c nhiu i tng (bn ghi) trong mt lp bn c cng gi tr trong mt trng,
ta khng nht thit phi g li nhiu ln m c th nhp d liu cho tt c cc i tng c
cng gi tr mt ln bng lnh Update Column. Cch lm tng qut nh sau:
- Chn cc i tng c cng gi tr ca trng d kin np d liu trn ca s bn
bng nt chn , s dng phm <Shift> chn nhiu i tng mt ln. Nu chn nhm i
tng th c th gi <Shift> v nhp chut li ln i tng chn nhm th i tng s
c kh chn.
- Chn Table > Update Column.
- Trong Table to Update chn Selection.
- Trong Column to Update, chn trng cn nhp d liu.
- Trong Get Value from Table, gi nguyn thit lp l Selection.
- Trong Value, g gi tr cn nhp liu vo. Lu rng nh dng kiu k t
(Character), ngy thng (Date) v kiu lun l (Logical) phi c t trong du ngoc kp.
V d: Nhp d liu cho i tng ng st qua lnh Update Column.
Assist xy dng biu thc cho mc Value. Bm vo nt Assist xut hin hp thoi
Expression:
+ Column chn trng d liu cn tnh ton.
+ Operators chn biu thc Logic thch hp.
+ Functions chn hm x l.
Lu rng MapInfo khng th hin th ting Vit ng trong cc hp thoi nhng n hin
th ng trong ca s Browser v khi trnh by bn , v th phi g cho ng chnh t.
4.2.3. Nhp d liu bng lnh Info Tool
y l lnh xem thng tin ca mt i tng trn bn bng cch nhp chut vo i
tng . Ta c th dng ca s Info Tool nhp liu cho bn . Cch lm nh sau:
- Chn nt lnh Info Tool trn thanh cng c Main.
- Nhp chut ln mt i tng trn ca s bn .
- Ca s Info Tool m ra, hin th cc trng cha gi tr ca i tng .
- Nhp chut vo cc trng trong ca s Info Tool np d liu cho i tng c
nhp chut chn lc u.
Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 5. Xy dng c s d liu thuc tnh
Xy dng cu trc d liu thuc tnh v nhp d liu thuc tnh cho lp thng tin hnh chnh vng
c s ho bi tp 4 theo s liu nh sau:
Ten hanh chinh
Dien tich
Dan so TB
Nam
Nu
Thanh thi
Nong thon
TP Hu
70.99
335747
162956
172791
305052
30695
Huyn Phong in
955.71
107088
51376
55712
6517
100571
Huyn Qung in
163.29
92039
44613
47426
10216
81823
Huyn Hng Tr
520.05
117359
59199
58160
8038
109321
Huyn Ph Vang
280.83
179239
88795
90444
19658
159581
458.17
96197
47969
48501
14475
81722
Huyn Ph Lc
729.56
152445
76191
76254
23460
128985
Huyn A Li
1232.73
41717
20852
20865
6398
35319
Huyn Nam ng
651.95
23428
11935
11493
3514
19914
- Value: Nhp mt biu thc hp l. Thng s dng khung Assist xy dng biu
thc. V d nh tnh din tch, chiu di, tnh gi tr to ...
* T mt lp d liu khc:
- Click khung Joint xc nh trng (field) tham chiu lin kt gia 2 lp d liu.
- Column to Update: Mt trng c sn hay mt trng DL mi (Add New Temporary
Column)
- Calculate: Cch tnh ton c th l: Value hay cc biu thc tng hp nh: Average,
Count, Minimum, Sum, Weighted Average (trung bnh gia trng), Proportion Sum (tng s
theo t l), Proportion Average (trung bnh theo t l) v Proportion WeightedAverage (trung
bnh gia trng theo t l).
Lu : Cc biu thc Average, Count, Minimum, Sum, Weighted Average c tham s l
cc gi tr ca d liu, cc biu thc t l Proportion th x l cc i tng a l.
- of: thng l mt ct hay mt biu thc hp l
- Sau cng click OK tin hnh cp nht
c. Cc v d
* Tnh ton to ca cc im
To ca mt im c xc nh bng hai gi tr: kinh v v , ta to thm hai
trng mi cho lp mun np to .
- Chn Table > Maintenance > Table Structure. Hp thoi Modify Table Structure m ra.
- Chn Add Field to thm 2 trng mi l kinh_do v vi_do, kiu l Float.
- Chn OK.
Ln lt np to cho ct kinh_do v vi_do nh sau:
- Chn Table > Update Column, hp thoi Update Column m ra.
- Chn tn lp cn np im trong Table to Update; trong Column to Update ta
chn kinh_do.
- Nhn chut chn nt Assist, hp thoi Expression m ra.
- Nhn chut vo nt th xung Functions (hm s) v chn hm CentroidX; xong
chn OK.
- Quay tr li hp thoi Update Column, ta thy biu thc trong Value l
CentroidX(obj)
- Tt chn trong Browse Results i ri chn OK. Trong trng kinh_do tt c cc
hng u c np kinh vo. To y c tnh bng thp phn
i vi ct vi_do cch lm tng t v hm s s dng l CentroidY.
* Tnh ton chiu di ca cc ng
tnh chiu di ca cc i tng ng (con sng hay ng giao thng) trc ht
ta cng phi to mt trng cha chiu di vi cc thng s Name: chieu_dai, Type:
Float. Tin hnh np chiu di vo trng mi ny nh sau:
- Chn Table > Update Column. Hp thoi Update Column m ra.
- Trong Table to Update chn lp cn tnh; trong Column to Update chn trng
chieu_dai.
- Nhn chut chn nt Assist m hp thoi Expressionra.
Hnh 5.12. Hp thoi Update Column v Hp thoi Expression trong lnh cp nht ct chieu_dai cho lp
song.
- Functions, trong danh sch th xung chn hm ObjectLen, dng biu thc hin
th trong Expression l ObjectLen(obj, mi). Sa n v o lng mc nh trong ngoc
kp mi (dm) thnh km (kilmt) v chn OK. Biu thc hin th trong Value s l
ObjectLen(obj,km).
- Tt chn trong Browse Results i ri chn OK.
* Tnh ton chu vi v din tch, mt cho cc vng
tnh chu vi v din tch cho cc vng lnh th ta s thc hin np cc d liu ny
nh sau:
- To hai trng mi l chu_vi v dien_tich cho lp vng cn np d liu, kiu u l Float.
Cp nht ct chu_vi nh sau:
- Chn Table > Update Column.
- Trong Table to Update chn lp cn np (v d: cac_tinh), trong Column to Update
chn chu_vi.
- Nhn nt Assist. Hp thoi Expression m ra.
- Trong mc Functions, t danh sch th xung ca ny chn Perimeter (chu vi).
- Trong hp Type an Expression, sa ch mi trong ngoc kp thnh km i n
v tnh chiu di. Xong chn OK.
- Trong hp thoi Update Column, tt chn trong Browse Results ri chn OK.
Chu vi ca cc tnh c np xong, tnh bng kilmt.
Ta cp nht ct dien_tich bng cch lm hon ton tng t nhng s dng hm s
Area(obj, sq mi) v sa ch sq mi (dm vung) thnh hectare (hcta); hoc nu mun
tnh l km2th ta sa thnh sq km
Lu : Khi np thng tin a l ca cc i tng theo phng php nh trn, MapInfo
tnh ton cc gi tr da vo i tng ho c v trn bn . Nu sau ny ta chnh
sa bn th nhng thng tin s b thay i. Ta phi chy li lnh Update Column v
chp d liu cp nht mi ln nhng d liu c.
tnh mt dn s cho bng cac_tinh, th trc tin cn phi c 2 trng din tch
(dien_tich) v trng dn s (dan_so). Hoc nu ta cha c trng din tch th ta c th thn
ton ngay trong biu thc tnh mt . cha gi tr mt dn s, ta cn to ra mt
trng mi c tn l mat_do (mt ), nh dng kiu trng trong Type l Float. Cp nht
trng mat_do bng cch:
- Chn Table > Update Column. Hp thoi Update Column m ra.
- Trong Table to Update chn bng cn tnh (v d: cac_tinh), trong Column to
Update chn ct mat_do.
- Trong Get Value from Table gi nguyn l bng cac_tinh.
- Nhp chut vo nt Assist m hp thoi Expression ra.
- Trong Expression ta g vo biu thc sau: Format$(Dan_so_TB / Area(obj, "sq
km"),"#"). S dng hm Format$(con s, nh dng con s) lm trn gi tr mt .
Con s y l cng thc tnh mt , cn ch s trong MapInfo quy nh l #, ta khng
mun ly s l no, do phn nh dng con s y l #
- Lm xong nhn OK quay li hp thoi Update Column. Biu thc c np vo
Value.
Chn Map > Create Thematic Map, hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 1 of 3 m
ra. Trong hp thoi ny ta chn Kiu ch v mu c s dng to bn ch .
Hp thoi ny c cc ni dung sau:
+ Phn Type dng chn kiu bn ch . Chn kiu Range:
+ PhnTemplate: ng vi mi kiu trong ct Type th trong phn Template c mt s
mu bn theo ch c sn tng ng vi kiu c chn. Ty theo mun m ngi
dng chn mu sao cho thch hp.
+ Phn Preview: Hin th minh ha ch gii cho tng kiu c chn.
+ Hai tu chn l Sort by Name v Sort by Time, dng sp th t cc mu theo tn
hay theo trnh t thi gian chng c to thnh.
Chn Next, hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of 3 m ra.
- Bc 2: Thit lp cc thng s to bn ch
Trong hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of 3 ta chn bng v trng d liu
dng to bn ch .
Nu chn phng php to bn ch theo mt bin, bc 2 ta c th nh du
Ignore Zeroes or Blanks b i nhng bn ghi c gi tr l 0 (d liu kiu s) hay rng (d
liu kiu k t) nu mun.
Khi iu chnh xong chn Next. Hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3 m ra.
- Bc 3:iu chnh bn ch
Trong hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3, ta chn kiu t mu, kiu ch
cho ch gii, khong gii hn, s bc phn cp, cch sp th t ch gii,... (tu kiu bn
ch chn lc u). Hai tu chn Ascending (Sp th t xui) v Descending (Sp th t
ngc). Trong phn Legend Label Order cho php ta chn cch xp th t cho ch gii.
phn Template ta c th lu cc thit lp thnh mt mu s dng sau ny.
Ta c th thay i cc tham s ca bn chuyn nh nh ngha li cc khang gi
tr, cc thuc tnh th hin bng cch chn cc nt lnh khc nhau nh Ranges, Styles,
Settings.
+ Ranges cho php iu chnh cc khong gii hn trong mt bn ch c chia
cc khong gii hn.
Method: Phng php to bn chuyn , bao gm cc phng php sau:
Equal count: to ra cc nhm i tng c s bn ghi nh nhau, Equal range: to ra
nhm i tng c khong d liu nh nhau; Natural Break: S phn tch cc khong d
liu chuyn da trn c s ti thiu ho cc hiu s ca cc d liu vi gi tr trung bnh
ca chng; Standard Deviation: khong cch c phn tch ti gi tr trung bnh ca d
liu, khong trn v khong di c xc nh bng khong gia cng tr i mt sai lch
chun; Quantile: Xc nh s phn b ca mt bin d liu dc theo khong d liu, Custom:
t xc nh cc khong d liu chuyn ; #range: nhp s lng cc khong d liu chuyn
, theo gi tr ny h thng s t ng tnh ton gi tr ca cc khong gi tr da trn gi
tr Min, Max; Round by: chn s ch lm trn cho h thng.
+ Styles dng iu chnh cc thuc tnh v kiu nh mu sc v kch thc.
Chn color chn to lp bn chuyn da trn c s t mu cc nhm
i tng hoc chn None loi b t mu.
5.1.2. To biu v th
a. Phng php to biu
To biu trong MapInfo c thc hin bng lnh Window > New Graph Window
hoc bng nt lnh New Grapher trn thanh cng c Standard. Trong bng phi c trng d
liu kiu s (numeric field) th mi c th lp biu c. Cc bc lp biu nh sau:
- M lp bn c cha d liu ta mun lp biu ra.
- T menu chnh chn Window > New Graph Window. Ca s Create Graph - Step 1 of
2 m ra.
Graph: Lit k danh sch cc kiu biu ca MapInfo. Trong MapInfo c cc kiu
biu sau:
+ 3D (dng khng gian 3 chiu).
+ Area (dng din tch).
+ Bar (dng hnh que).
+ Bubble (dng bong bng).
+ Column (dng ct).
+ Histogram (biu tn s).
+ Line (dng ng).
+ Pie (dng hnh qut).
+ Scattered (dng im phn tn).
Color Mode: Dng chn kiu t mu biu . C hai tu chn l Color by Series
(t mu biu khc nhau cho tng gi tr c th trong nhm/chui d liu) v Color by
Category (t mu biu theo nhm/chui d liu, nu chn mc ny cc gi tr d liu c
th trong tng nhm s c cng mu).
Show Legend cho php bt/tt phn ch gii ca biu .
Phn Markers and Text cho php chnh ni dung v v tr ca ch gii. Chn tng kiu
v xem s thay i tng ng ca biu mu bn tri. Phn Layout cho php chnh v tr
ca ch gii so vi v tr biu . Phn Box Style cho php chnh ng vin ca ch gii,
bao gm cc tu chn No Frame, Single Line Frame,Double Line Frame, Beveled Frame
(khung bng xui) v Reverse Beveled Frame (khung bng ngc).
- Display Status: bt/tt cc yu t chnh ca biu . Phn Axes c hai tu chn l
Category Axis (bt tt tn trc honh)v Value Axis (bt/tt tn trc tung). Phn Major Grid
v Minor Grid cho php bt/tt cc ng li chnh v ph theo chiu trc honh v trc
tung tng ng bn tri. Hai tu chn di cng l Legend v Data
Labels cho php bt/tt ch gii v nhn.
* Lnh Series Options
Series Options cho php iu chnh mt thnh phn ring l ca biu (tc mt bn
ghi trong bng d liu). iu chnh, dng cng c chn nhp chut vo thnh phn
trn biu hay trn ch gii ri chn Graph > Series Options. Hp thoi Series Options m
ra cho php ta iu chnh hnh dng cng nh cc thit lp v nhn ca phn c chn.
* Lnh Grid and Scales
Lnh ny cho php iu chnh cc ng li nh v cng nh hnh dng ca biu
Y1 Axis v Category Axis. Khi chn mt trong hai menu ny th cc ni dung cc mc trn
hng ngang thay i tng ng.
- Y1 Axis: Gm cc ni dung sau
+ General: Cho php chnh v tr trc tung. N bao gm cc tu chn
Axis on Left: V trc tung bn tri biu .
Axis on Right: V trc tung bn phi.
Axis on Both Sides: V trc tung c hai bn.
Make this a Descending Axis: nh du tu chn ny s cho php v biu theo
chiu ngc t trn xung - tc trc tung nm trn u ct biu .
+ Scale: Cho php iu chnh cc t l biu din d liu trn trc tung. N bao gm cc
tu chn:
Use Logarithmic Scale on this Axis: Chm khong cch gi tr trn trc tung theo t l
logarit.
Always Include Zero in This Scale: Trc tung lun c gi tr zero gc th).
Use Manual Settings for Maximum Value: iu chnh thit lp theo gi tr ti a.
Use Manual Settings for Minimum Value: iu chnh thit lp theo gi tr ti thiu tc gc th l gi tr nh nht.
+ Labels: C mt tu chn l Show Labels for this Axis, dng hin th nhn ca trc
ny trn biu . Nu nh du tu chn ny th s c hai tu chn na:
Dont Show Maximum Value Label: Khng hin th nhn c gi tr ln nht.
Dont Show Minimum Value Label: Khng hin th nhn c gi tr nh nht.
Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 8. To biu
T c s d liu thuc tnh v dn s cc n v hnh chnh ca tnh Tha Thin Hu, hy to biu
dn s, biu t l dn s nam/n.
Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 9. Gn nhn cho i tng
- Hy gn nhn tn hnh chnh cho lp hnh chnh vng bn hnh chnh Tha Thin Hu thit lp
(i vi cc i tng nhp d liu thuc tnh).
- M rng: S dng trnh ca MapBasic chuyn i cc label thnh cc text trn bn (?)
5.1.4. To ch gii
Ch gii trn bn ta c th to bng phng php th cng hay t ng. To ch
gii bng phng php th cng bng cch to cc i tng ch, ng, vng, im bng
cch cng c to i tng trn thanh cng c Main.
To ch gii bng phng php t ng c tin hnh nh sau.
- T menu chnh chn Map > Create Legend. Hp thoi Create Legend - Step 1 of 3 m ra.
+ Legend Frames lit k tt c cc lp bn ang c m v c th lm ch gii.
+ Layers lit k tt c cc lp bn khng lm ch gii.
thm hay bt cc lp lm ch gii, ta chn nt Add hay Remove. C th chnh th t
ch gii bng cch chn mt lp ri nhn nt Uphay Down di chuyn lp c chn ln
hay xung. Nn xp cc ch gii cng kiu chung vi nhau, v ci no quan trng nn xp
trc.
Chn Next. Hp thoi Create Legend - Step 2 of 3 m ra.
5.1.5. Lm li ta
b. Cch a to ln li trn ca s bn
- T menu chnh chn Map >Layer Control.
- nh du vo ct dn nhn hng luoi_1_do.
- Nhp chut chn nt Label. Trong Label with, chn DMS. Trong phn Styles, chnh
kiu ch l Halo v chn None phn Label lines.
- Chn OK hai ln.
Cc nhn to c dn ln bn . Khi thc hin dn nhn to t ng, MapInfo
dn nhn ngay gia trung tm ca ca s bn .
Cch dn nhn t ng kiu ny kh bt tin v n chim phn khng gian hin th ni
dung ca bn . Thng thng th cc to ca li to nn c t cnh mp ca
bn . Nu mun lm nh vy th ta phi dn nhn th cng. Cch lm:
- Chn Map >Layer Control, b chn trong ct dn nhn ca hng luoi_1_do.
- Nhp chut vo nt Label. Trong Label with chn DMS.
- Trong phn kiu ch cho nhn, chn kiu v c ch cho ph hp
- Chn OK hai ln
- Chn nt dn nhn trn thanh cng c Main.
- Nhp chut ln mt ng li to vng gn mp bn , nhn s xut hin.
- Ln lt nhp chut ln tng ng li to no m ta mun dn nhn. Thng
thng th nhn to nn t mt bn ca bn , v d cc nhn cho li kinh t
mp trn ca bn cn cc nhn cho li v nn t mp tri ca bn .
5.1.6. To thc t l
Thc t l cng c to bng mt trnh MapBasic. Cch lm nh sau:
- Chn Tools >Run MapBasic Program. Hp thoi Run Mapbasic Program m ra.
- Chn SCALEBAR ri chn Open. Trn thanh cng c Tools xut hin thm mt nt
lnh na c hnh ci thc t l thu nh.
- Chn nt lnh ny , di chuyn con tr chut trn ca s bn , con tr chut chuyn
thnh hnh du cng.
- Chn v tr t thc t l v nhp chut, hp thoi Draw Distance Scale in Mapper
(Version 3.5) m ra.
+ Units: Chn n v cho thc t l
+ Width of Scale Bar: Chn chiu rng thc t l.
+ Width to Height Ratio: Chn t l chiu cao thc t l (Theo mc nh t l ny l
20:1). Tu theo t l bn v kch thc ca ca s bn m MapInfo t ng tnh ton
kch c ca thc t l cho ph hp.
+ Fill color for scale bar: Chn nn mu cho thc t l.
+ Pen color for scale bar: Chn mu cho ng vin ca thc t l.
+ Font for scale bar labels: nh dng font ch cho thc t l.
+ Adjust Font size to Match Scale: Chn mc ny nhm MapInfo t ng iu chnh
c ch sao cho ph hp vi kch thc ca thc t l.
- Xong chn OK.
ng dng ny s v mt thc t l ti v tr nhp chut ban u.
5.1.7. To kim ch nam (phng hng)
Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 11. To li, thc t l, kim ch nam cho bn
- To li cho bn
- To to bng cch gn nhn hoc g text th cng
Lu : nh c ch ta bm t hp phm Alt + 0186 (phn s bm phn numlock trn bn phm)
hoc ta copy thng tin v to ca i tng.
- To thc t l v kim ch nam cho bn
5.2. SP XP TH T CC LP D LIU
Chc nng ny c thc hin trong ca s Layer Control. sp xp th t cc lp
d liu ta vo Map> Layer Control hay click biu tng tng ng khi ang lm vic trn
mt ca s bn .
Thng thng tt c cc lp d liu c m u xut hin trong vng Layer trn
ca s Layer Control, nhng i khi t l vng nhn ln nn c th nm ngoi gii hn ca
mt lp d liu no nn lp d liu ny khng hin din trong ca s bn hot ng.
Phn Layer lit k danh sch cc lp ang m trong ca s bn ang c kch
hot. Danh sch ny sp xp theo th t t trn xung di, ngha l tn lp no trn th
lp hin ln pha trn. Th t cc lp ny do ngi dng iu chnh sao cho hp l avf
ph thuc vo ni dung cn trnh by. Theo ch mc nh, lp kiu vng s nm di cng
ri n lp kiu ng v trn cng l lp kiu im. Trong trng hp hai hay nhiu lp c
cng kiu th ta phi chn cch sp xp sao cho hp l.
thay i th t trn di ca mt lp, ta chn tn lp ri nhp chut vo hai nt
Up hay Down trong phn Recorder di chuyn lp c chn ln hay xung. Ta cng c th
- iu chnh kh giy ca trang bn bng lnh File > Page Setup cho ph hp vi
kh giy ta mun in sau ny.
Ta cng c th iu chnh phn ni dung bn hin th bng cch thu nh ca s
Layout li (khng ng) ri quay li ca s bn v iu chnh trn ca s bn (lu
khi iu chnh ta nn ng t l mun in. Lm xong chn Window > Layout ( phn di
cng ca menu th xung ny) hin th li ca s Layout v xem kt qu. S iu chnh
phn hin th trn ca s bn s lm cho phn ni dung bn hin th trong ca s
Layout thay i theo.
- Mun iu chnh t l bn trn ca s trnh by, nhp chut p vo khung cha
bn v hp thoi Frame Object m ra, chnh t l cn in mc Scale on Paper.
- Nhp chut ln gia khung bn mi iu chnh t l xong v gi chut tri ri r
chut ko khung bn vo gia trang trnh by, nh cha khong trng trn u
trang trnh by g tn bn sau ny.
- thm 1 ca s bn (bn ph) ta nhp chut chn cng c v khung trn
thanh cng c Drawing. Lu rng nt cng c ny ch s dng c khi ca s Layout
c kch hot. Di chuyn con tr chut tr li ca s Layout, con tr chut bin thnh hnh
du cng. Gi phm chut tri v r chut to thnh mt hnh ch nht trn trang trnh
by v tr no cng c. Khi th chut ra, hp thoi Frame Object s m ra. Window
trn cng nhp chut vo mi tn th xung v chn ca s bn th hai mun a vo.
Xong chn OK, khung mi c v s c thm 1 ca s bn mi. Nhp chut p ln
khung ny iu chnh t l li sao cho n ch chim khong 1/4 gc trn phi ca khung
bn kia. Gi chut tri gia khung ny v ko n v st gc trn phi ca khung bn
kia.
- S dng lnh thm khung tng t nh trn chn ch gii ca ca s n cc v tr
thch hp.
- t tn cho bn , ta di chuyn cc thnh phn trong trang Layout cha ch cho
tn bn trn u trang giy.
+ Chn Query > Select All, tt c cc thnh phn ca bn (gm khung bn v
khung ch gii) c chn.
+ Gi phm chut tri trn phn ni dung c chn v r chut di chuyn tt c
sao cho ph hp vi trang giy v cha ch cho tn bn .
+ Chn nt nh dng kiu ch trn thanh cng c Drawing, nh dng kiu ch cho
tn bn trong hp thoi Text Style.
+ Chn nt g k t, nhp chut vo phn u trang bn v bt u g tn bn .
G xong chn cng c chn trn thanh cng c Main kt thc.
+ Kim tra li tn bn c ph hp vi kch thc bn hay khng, nhp chut p
ln phn tn bn vo hp thoi nh dng kiu ch, chnh li c ch nu cn; gi chut
tri trn phn tn bn di chuyn n n v tr ph hp.
- Lu li nhng trnh by ny bng lnh File > Save Workspace. Hp thoi Save
Workspace m ra. t tn cho bn trong File name, chn th mc lu tp tin ny
trong Save in; lu rng nh dng ca kiu tp tin trong Save as type l Workspace
(*.wor).