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HNG DN S DNG

MAPINFO PROFESSIONAL
Phn c bn

Hu, 2008

CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V PHN MM MAPINFO


1.1. KHI NIM V CHC NNG CA PHN MM MAPINFO
MapInfo l h phn mm GIS chuyn v qun l d liu v in n bn . u im ni
bt ca phn mm ny l kh nng hi p c s d liu a l m s dng c cc ti
nguyn ca mi trng Windows. Cho n nay c nhiu chuyn gia s dng MapInfo u
nh gi rng t c h phn mm no li d s dng v in n bn p nh MapInfo. Chnh
v vy rt nhiu c quan v rt nhiu d n s dng MapInfo nh mt giai on cui trong
quan h cng ngh GIS ca mnh.
Cc chc nng thng dng ca MapInfo
+ Trao i d liu vi cc phn mm khc (Import v Export).
+ M t cc i tng bng cc d liu khng gian v thuc tnh.
+ Kh nng hi p v to lp Selection sa li d liu c, to c s d liu mi mt
cch d dng.
+ C kh nng hin th s liu theo 3 cch: Map Windows, Browser v Graph Windows.
+ MapInfo cung cp mt tp hp cc phm lnh (button) rt thun tin cho vic sa
cha (Editing) v v (Drawing).
+ To lp cc bn chuyn
+ Trnh by v in n cc bn dng Vector vi y h thng k hiu.
+ Ngoi ra MapInfo Corporation a ra ngn ng lp trnh MapBasic to kh nng xy
dng cc ng dng (Application) ring trong MapInfo.
C s d liu ca MapInfo:

+ M hnh d liu thuc tnh (Attribute Data Model): L m hnh quan h, lu di


dng bng theo hng v ct. Trong cc hi p d liu c th biu din bng cc php ton
quan h, dng ngn ng tm kim vi cu trc SQL)
+ M hnh d liu khng gian (Spatial Data Model): L m hnh vector trnh by cc d
liu khng gian ca i tng v c lu di dng bn .
1.2. THIT LP CC THAM S C S CHO BN TRONG MAPINFO
1.2.1. Php chiu v h to bn trong MapInfo
- Php chiu bn l phng php m t b mt tri t hnh cu v mt phng tin
cho vic thnh lp bn , nhm nghin cu b mt tri t mt cch chi tit.
- Vi cc quy lut ton hc khc nhau ta c nhng php chiu khc nhau. y l vn
rt quan trng khi thnh lp bn bi v ta c th chn c php chiu tt nht, thch hp
nht i vi nhng vng lnh th khc nhau v kch thc cng nh v v tr a l.
- Li chiu bn c gn lin vi hnh dng v kch thc c th ca tri t.
Nhng li chiu thng c s dng hin nay nh:
+ UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) c thnh lp da trn Elipxoid Everest.
+ GAUSS c thnh lp da trn Elipxoid Krassovsky.
- Cc tham s xc nh li chiu trong MapInfo thng c xc nh theo cc
tham s sau: Tn ca h to ; Tn li chiu bn ; Tn ca Elipxoid; n v to ; Kinh
tuyn trung ng; V tuyn gc; H s t l; Khong cch dch chuyn ca trc X; Khong
cch dch chuyn ca trc Y.
V d trong H to GAUSS, mi 48 c th hin nh sau:
H to GAUSS
Tn h to
8
S hiu php chiu GAUSS
1001
S hip qu cu Krassovsky (Datum)
7
n v to l M
105
Gi tr kinh tuyn trung ng
0
Gi tr v tuyn gc
1
H s t l ng kinh tuyn trung ng (m)
500.000
Khong cch dch chuyn ca trc Y
0
Khong cch dch chuyn ca trc X
Ta c th to mi 1 h to vo MapInfo bng 1 trnh son tho vn bn bt k vi
khun dng nh trn vo File MapInfo.prj
1.2.2. Quan h gia d liu ho v d liu thuc tnh trong MapInfo
C mt im khc bit khi ta xem xt, nh gi mt h thng GIS v mt h thng
ho thng thng l :
- Trong h ho thng thng nhng phn t ho tn ti mt cch c lp, ta ch
c th nhn thy chng ch khng bit g v nhng thng tin i km hay cn gi l nhng
thng tin thuc tnh ca chng.
VD: Khi s ho 1 mnh bn ta ch c th nhn thy nhng thnh phn trong bn
c th hin, m t theo nhng tnh cht hnh hc nh trn thc t.
- Trong mt h thng GIS tt c nhng phn t ho u c thit k c th lu
tr, cp nht, tnh ton trn mt s nhng thuc tnh phi ho no .

VD: Cng nh v d trn ngoi nhng thnh phn bn m ta nhn thy, ta cn c


th cp nht nhng thng tin lin quan khc v mt i tng c th no (Ta xt nhng
thng tin lin quan n mt tha t) nh :
+ Tn ch s hu tha t.
+ Din tch tha.
+ Ngy ng k...
- Tm li khi xem xt n mt h thng GIS ta khng nhng phi quan tm n nhng
i tng ho thng thng m cn phi rt ch trong vic thit k, x l i vi nhng
thng tin thuc tnh i km.
1.3. CC D LIU TRONG MAPINFO
Khi ngi dng to ra cc table trong Mapinfo, lu ct cc WORKSPACE, nhp hoc
xut d liu. MAPINFO s to ra rt nhiu cc file vi cc phn m rng khc nhau. Cc file
d liu trong MAPINFO bao gm:
- Tn file *.DAT: File d liu dng bng tnh cho mt table format ca MAPINFO.
- Tn file *.MAP: Cha thng tin a l m t cc i tng trn bn .
- Tn file *.TAB: y l cc file chnh cho cc table ca MAPINFO n c kt hp
vi cc file khc nh .DAT, DBF
- Tn file *.ID: File index cho cc i tng ho ca MAPINFO (file *.DAT).
- Tn file *.DBF: File d liu bng tnh format dbase.
- Tn file *.MID: Format nhp/xut d liu dng bng ca MAPINFO, file *.MID kt
hp vi file .MIF.
- Tn file .MIF: Format nhp/xut cho cc i tng ho ca MAPINFO, file *.MIF
kt hp vi file .MID.
Tn file *.TXT: File bng thuc tnh format ASCII.
Tn file *.WKS: File thuc tnh format Lotus 1, 2, 3.
Tn file *.WOR: File lu Workspace trong Mapinfo.
1.4. CC KHI NIM CA H THNG TIN A L GIS TRONG MAPINFO
Cc i tng trn bn c chia ra thnh cc lp (LAYER). Mt lp cha cc i
tng c chung cc thuc tnh cn qun l v cch lu cc thuc tnh ny trong my tnh l
di cng mt dng (FORMAT).
Cc i tng khng gian c chia thnh 4 loi sau:
+ im (POINT).
+ ng (LINE).
+ Vng (POLYGON).
+ Ch (TEXT).
Cch th hin 4 loi i tng khng gian trn trong MAPINFO:
+ im: Xc nh bng mt v tr trong khng gian (X, Y). im c th hin bng
cc k hiu (SYMBOL), mu sc (COLOR), kch c (SIZE).
+ Vng: Xc nh bng chui cc cp to ca cc ng bao khp kn trong khng
gian (Xi, Yi). Vng c th hin bng cc loi t mu (PATTERN), mu sc (COLOR).

+ Ch : Xc nh bng mt cp to trong khng gian (X, Y) v mt dng ch. Ch


c th hin bng cc kiu ch (FONT), mu sc (COLOR), kch c (SIZE), gc nghing
ch (ENGLE).
D liu mi lp chia thnh 2 loi:
- D liu phi khng gian (Attribute Data) lu di dng mt bng hng ct (Brown).
- D liu khng gian (Spatial Data) lu di dng bn c s ho (Map).
1.5. CCH T CHC THNG TIN TRONG MAPINFO
Nh cp trn d liu trong MAPINFO c chia thnh 2 loi d liu khng
gian v phi khng gian. Trong MAPINFO mi loi d liu trn c phng thc t chc thng
tin khc nhau.
1.5.1. TABLE (Bng)
Trong MAPINFO d liu khng gian cng c phn ra thnh cc lp thng tin khc
nhau (layer), mi lp thng tin khng gian c t trong mt TABLE. Ngi dng c th
thc hin cc thao tc ng, m, sa i, lu ct cc TABLE ny.
to thnh mt TABLE cn c t nht l 2 file, file th nht .TAB cha ton b cc
cu trc ca d liu, file th hai .DAT cha d liu th (gc). Nu trong mt TABLE c cha
cc i tng ho s c 2 file na i km, file .MAP m t cc i tng ho v file .ID
cha cc tham s chiu lin kt gia d liu vi cc i tng ho. Mt s cc TABLE cn
c th thm file .IND file ny cho php ngi s dng tm kim i tng trn bn bng
lnh Find.
1.5.2. WORKSPACE (Vng lm vic)
Khi nim th 2 cn quan tm trong MAPINFO l cc WORKSPACE. Mi TABLE
trong MAPINFO ch cha 1 lp thng tin, trong khi trn 1 khng gian lm vic c rt
nhiu lp thng tin khc nhau. WORKSPACE chnh l phng tin gp ton b lp thng
tin khc nhau li to thnh 1 t bn hon chnh vi y cc yu t ni dung.
Hay ni mt cch c th hn Map Info c kh nng lu gi mi trng hin c bao
gm, trong mt Chng ta thng s dng workspace lu li mi trng ang lm vic m
chng ta mun tip tc v sau nh s ho bn , cc lp d liu v th t nhng ca s c
m, kch thc v v tr ca chng trn mn hnh, cng nh kiu ch, kiu ng, kiu biu
tng, dng th hin cc i tng hay, cc bng tnh, cc biu ; lu cc bn
chuyn c trang tr v sp xp trn trang in (layout). Tp tin c phn m rng l
*.Wor, gi l Workspace (mi trng lm vic vo mt thi im).
1.5.3. BROWSER (bng hin th d liu thuc tnh)
D liu thuc tnh m t cho cc i tng khng gian trong MAPINFO c cha trong
mt bng tnh c cc hng v ct (vi hng l cc bng ghi v ct l cc trng d liu).
1.5.4. MAP (ca s hin th d liu bn )
D liu bn (a l) ca cc i tng khng gian nhm m t v tr, hnh dng
trong mt h thng to nht nh. Mt ca s MAP cho php hin th cng mt lc nhiu
lp thng tin (Layer) khc nhau hoc bt tt hin th mt lp thng tin no .
1.5.5. LAYOUT (trnh by in n)
Cho php ngi s dng kt hp cc browser, cc ca s bn , biu v cc i
tng ho khc vo mt trang in t c th gi kt qu ra my in hoc my v.

1.6. KHI NG V THOT KHI PHN MM MAPINFO


1.6.1. Khi ng phn mm MapInfo
Sau khi ci t xong MapInfo, h iu hnh s to ra mt biu tng trn thanh chng trnh.
Nhn p chut vo Icon ca MapInfo trn mn hnh hoc thc hin nh sau: Start
Programs MapInfo MapInfo Professional 8.5 SCP
Mn hnh xut hin LOGO ca MapInfo v hp thoi Quick Start
Hp thoi ny gm cc ni dung:
- Restore Previous Session: Phc hi li tnh trng lm vic trc .
- Open Last Used Workspace: M trang lm vic s dng ln cui cng. Pha di tu
chn ny hin ra tn ca tp tin workspace m ra ln trc.
- Open a Workspace: M mt trang lm vic (workspace) c.
- Open a Table: M mt bng thng tin c.
Ta c th nhn Cancel vo menu chnh ca MapInfo.
1.6.2. Thot khi phn mm MapInfo
Khi mun thot khi MapInfo ta thc hin nh sau: File Exit.
Xut hin hp thoi Save Modified Table Data.
+ Save: Ghi cc Table mt cch c la chn.
+ Save All: Ghi tt c cc Table ang bin tp.
Discard: Khng ghi d liu trong cc Table b thay i mt cch c la chn.
Discard All: Khng ghi d liu trong tt c cc Table b thay i.
Sau h thng s thot ra ngoi.

CHNG 2. THC N V CC CHC NNG C BN CA N


2.1. H THNG THC N TRONG MAPINFO
2.1.1. Thc n File
Thc n (Menu) File trong MapInfo c mt s chc nng nh sau:
- New Table: To mt lp thng tin mi. Sau khi ra lnh to mi h thng xut hin ca
s New Table.
+ Open New Browser: To mt lp d liu di dng bng biu.
+ Open New Mapper: To mt lp d liu di dng bn hoc bn v.
+ Add to Current Mapper: Thm mt lp d liu vo WorkSpace c sn.
- Open: M mt hoc nhiu tp tin c nh dng c MapInfo h tr.
- Open DBMS Connection: M mt c s d liu nm ngoi MapInfo. Nhp mt bng
d liu c to ra bi phn mm khc (D liu thuc tnh) thng qua c ch ODBC (Open
DataBase Connectivity) ca Windows.
V d: Ta c th cp nht thng tin thuc tnh nh cc bng biu, danh sch thng k c
sn trn giy bng cc phn mm nh FoxPro, Oracle... sau s dng trong MapInfo.
- Close Table: ng mt lp thng tin ang m.

- Close All: ng mi lp thng tin ang m.


- Close DBMS Connection: ng mt lin kt DBMS.
- Save Table: Ghi thng tin trn mt Table no .
- Save Query: Lu mt query (kt qu ca mt php truy vn, tm kim hay mt php
chn no ) thnh mt bng ring.
- Save workspace: Lu workspace.
- Save Window as: Lu ca s ang c kch hot thnh mt tp tin hnh nh.
- Revert Table: Hu b nhng thay i c thc hin nhng cha ra lnh lu.
- Save Copy As: Ghi mt bn thng tin ang m.
- Page Set Up: nh dng trang in.
- Print: In mt ca s ca MapInfo.
- Recent Files: Lit k danh sch cc tp tin c m trc .
- Exit: Thot khi MapInfo, tng ng vi t hp phm <Alt>+<F4>.
2.1.2. Thc n Edit
Thc n ny cho php thc hin cc lnh lin quan n vic chnh sa cc i tng
hay d liu cng nh xem thng tin.
- Undo: Hu b lnh va c thc hin.
- Cut: Xo bn ghi/i tng ang c chn (d liu v phn ho trn bn ).
- Copy/Copy Map Window: Copy bn ghi/i tng ang c chn.
- Paste: Dn/chuyn nhng g c ct/chp (lnh Cut/Copy) ln bng d liu hay
ln bn .
- Clear: Xo i tng ho hay bn ghi ang c chn.
- Clear Map Object Only: i vi mt bng va c i tng ho (bn ) va c
d liu, lnh ny xo cc i tng ho nhng gi li phn d liu. Lc ny bng ca
MapInfo l mt bng thc s (ch cn d liu ch khng cn bn na).
- Reshape: Chnh sa hnh dng i tng. y l lnh dng chnh sa hnh dng cc
i tng ho bng cch chnh sa cc nt ca chng.
- New Row: Thm mt hng mi vo bng MapInfo.
- Get Info: Xem thng tin trong bng d liu ca i tng c chn.
2.1.3. Thc n Tools
Thc n Tools cho php thit lp ch khi ng v chy cc ng dng ca
MapBasic, cc lnh chuyn i nh dng bn s cng nh mt s lnh lin quan n cc
thng tin trn internet hay cc a ch web.
- Crystal Reports: M/to bo co Crystal v thng tin trong mt bng MapInfo.
- Run MapBasic Program: Chy chng trnh MapBasic. MapBasic l mt phn mm cho
php ta lp trnh to thm chc nng cho MapInfo ngoi nhng chc nng c sn ca chng
trnh chnh.
- Tool Manager: Qun l cc chng trnh MapBasic. Lnh ny cho php iu chnh
ch khi ng ca nhng chng trnh MapBasic v c th ng k thm ng dng
MapBasic.

- Mapping Wizard Tool: L lnh gip thc hin cc lnh ca MapInfo qua tng bc
hng dn.
- MetaData Browser Launcher: Khi ng mt lin kt vo internet v gip tm kim
cc bn s c trn mng. MetaData Browser ch khi ng nu c ci t.
- Universal Translator: Trnh ng dng cho php dch cc bn s c nh dng khc
sang MapInfo hay ngc li. Trnh ng dng ny h tr dch mt s nh dng bn s ph
bin khc nh AutoCAD, ESRI Shape (Arcview), Intergraph/Microstation Design.
2.1.4. Thc n Objects
Thc n Objects gm cc lnh chnh sa trn ca s bn .
- Set Target: t i tng chn thnh i tng mc tiu.
- Clear Target: Hu thit lp mc tiu.
- Combine: Kt hp cc i tng chn thnh mt i tng mi.
- Disaggregate: Tch i tng.
- Buffer: To vng m cho mt hay nhiu i tng ang c chn. Lnh ny to ra
mt hay nhiu i tng kiu vng bao xung quanh (cc) i tng c chn vi bn knh
vng m do ta xc nh.
- Convex Hull: To ra mt a gic li chy quanh cc nt ngoi cng ca nhng i tng
c chn.
- Enclose: To ra (cc) vng t cc ng ct nhau khp kn.
- Voronoi: Chia mt khu vc ra thnh cc vng.
- Split: Phn tch i tng chn thnh cc i tng mi.
- Erase: Xo mt phn (hay ton b) mt hay nhiu i tng mc tiu chn bn
trong i tng khc.
- Erase Outside: Xo phn khng chung (nm ngoi) ca mt hay nhiu i tng.
Phn b xo l phn khng chung vi (cc) i tng ct. (Cc) i tng chu tc ng ca
lnh ny phi c thit lp l mc tiu. Trong cc lnh Split, Erase v Erase Outside i
tng ct phi l vng.
- Polyline Split: Lnh ny dng ng ct ng hay vng.
- Overlay nodes: To im chung (nt) gia mt hay nhiu i tng c thit lp l
mc tiu vi mt hay nhiu i tng c chn.
- Check Regions: Lnh ny gip kim tra li cc lp kiu vng sau khi s ho.
- Clean: Lm sch vng. Lnh Clean cho php ta nhanh chng sa li cc bng kiu vng.
- Snap/Thin: Lnh ny t ng tinh chnh cc i tng sau khi s ho. N cho php nhp
hai nt st nhau trn hai hay nhiu i tng khc nhau li chung mt v tr, loi b nt gia
trong 3 nt gn nh thng hng, xo b cc vng c din tch nh hn din tch ch nh.
- Smooth: Lm trn cc i tng chn.
- Unsmooth: Kh tc dng lm trn i tng ca lnh Smooth trc .
- Convert to Region: L lnh i ng thnh vng.
- Convert to Polyline: i vng thnh ng.
2.1.5. Thc n Query
Thc n ny bao gm cc lnh lin quan n vic chn v tm thng tin.

- Select: Chn i tng/bn ghi trong mt bng thng qua cc ch tiu cho trc v thc
hin ng thi vic tng hp cc d liu thuc tnh cho cc d liu c chn.
- SQL Select: Chn bng SQL - Structured Query Language (Ngn ng Truy vn c
Cu trc), y cng l lnh chn nhng SQL Select c cu trc lnh phc tp hn ng thi
n cho php ta chn d liu mnh hn so vi lnh Select.
- Select All: Chn tt c cc i tng trong cng mt lp i tng ang c chn.
- Invert Selection: o ngc php chn, tc kh chn nhng i tng ang c chn
v chn nhng i tng trc khng c chn trong mt bng.
- Unselect All: Kh chn tt c nhng i tng/bn ghi ang c chn.
- Find: Lnh ny tm kim cc i tng theo mt ch tiu cho trc v nh du n.
- Find Selection: Hin th cc i tng ang chn vo ca s hin thi trn mn hnh.
- Calculate Statistics: Hin th ca s thng tin tnh ton thng k
2.1.6. Thc n Table
Thc n ny bao gm cc lnh lin quan n d liu ca cc lp bn , cc d liu
ngoi MapInfo v mt s lnh v nh qut ng k vo MapInfo.
- Update Column: Thay i gi tr ca cc trng d liu trong Table. Thc hin lin
kt cc i tng trong cc Table theo trng d liu thuc tnh chung v theo phn b a l.
- Append Rows to Table: Ghp ni cc bn ghi ca hai Table c cng cu trc d liu
thnh 1 Table mi.
- Geocode: M a ho cc i tng trong bn
Create Points: To i tng im trn c s c d liu c sn.
- Combine Objects using Column: Kt hp cc i tng ho theo gi tr ca trng
d liu.
- Import: Lnh ny cho php nhp cc tp tin c nh dng khc vo MapInfo. Cc nh
dng tp tin c th nhp c vo MapInfo l MapInfo Interchange (*.mif), AutoCAD DXF
(*.dxf), MapInfo DOS MBI (*.mbi), MapInfo DOS MMI (*.mmi), MapInfo DOS Image
(*.img).
- Export: Lnh ny xut d liu trong bng MapInfo sang mt nh dng khc. Cc nh
dng c h tr l MapInfo Interchange (*.mif), Delimited ASCII (*.txt), AutoCAD DXF
(*.dxf) v dBASE DBF (*.dbf).
- Maintenance: Chnh sa cu trc bng d liu ca MapInfo nh thm trng, thay i
thuc tnh, kch thc trng,... (Table structure), xo Table, i tn Table, ng gi d liu
(pack Table)
- Raster: iu chnh nh qut (nh raster) trong MapInfo. Ta c th iu chnh tng
phn, sng cng nh trong sut (Translucency) ca nh qut c m trong
MapInfo. N cng cho php thay i ng k to nh qut trong MapInfo.
2.1.7. Thc n Options
Thc n ny gm cc lnh nh dng i tng ho trong MapInfo, cc lnh hin
th cc ca s v cc thanh cng c v nhng thit lp cc tu chn ca MapInfo.
- Line Style: nh dng kiu ng.
- Region Style: nh dng kiu vng.

- Symbol Style: nh dng biu tng.


- Text Style: nh dng kiu ch.
- Toolbar: Bt/tt v iu chnh ch hin th cc thanh cng c ca MapInfo.
- Show/Hide Theme Legend Window: Bt/tt ca s ch gii.
- Show/Hide Statistics Window: Bt/tt ca s thng k.
- Show/Hide MapBasic Window: Bt/tt ca s MapBasic.
- Show/Hide Status Bar: Bt/tt thanh trng thi ca h thng.
- Custom Colors: To thm mu theo mun ngi dng.
- Preferences: Thit lp cc cu hnh h thng ca MapInfo.
2.1.8. Thc n Map
- Layer Control: Kim sot lp, lnh ny dng iu chnh vic hin th v tnh cht cc lp
ang m.
Trong mc Layer hin th tn ca cc Table ang c m.
+ Visible cho php ta chn ch hin th hoc khng hin th Table thng qua vic chn
hoc khng chn.
+ Editable cho php ta chn ch sa cha hoc khng sa cha Table thng qua vic
chn hoc khng chn.
+ Selectable cho php ta chn ch c la chn cc phn t ho trong Table hay
khng c nh du thng qua vic chn hoc khng chn.
+ Show Centroid cho php ta chn ch hin th hoc khng hin th c s d liu
c cp vo Table thng qua vic chn hoc khng chn (gn nhn).
- Create 3D Map: To bn 3 chiu t mt tp tin grid (li). Tp tin grid ny c
to ra bng lnh Create Thematic Map.
- Create Prism Map: To bn ba chiu dng lng tr (prism) theo d liu do ta ch
nh. Ch c nhng bng kiu vng mi chy c lnh ny.
- Create Thematic Map: To bn chuyn .
- Modify Thematic Map: iu chnh bn ch c to thnh trong lnh trn.
- Create Legend: Lm ch gii cho bn .
- Change view: Thay i t l v v tr ca bn bng cch np thng s.
- Clone View: M ra mt ca s bn mi y ht nh ca s bn ang c kch hot.
- Previous View: Quay tr li ch hin th trc ca ca s bn ang c kch hot.
- View Entire Layer: Hin th ht ni dung ca mt hay tt c cc lp bn ang m
trong ca s bn c kch hot.
- Clear Custom Labels: Xo cc nhn c to ra mt cch th cng.
- Save Cosmetic Objects: Lu li ni dung trn lp Cosmetic thnh mt lp mi hay lu
vo mt lp bn ang m.
- Clear Cosmetic Layer: Xo b ni dung trn lp Cosmetic.
- Set Clip Region: Thit lp vng ct. Lnh ny cho php ta ch hin th bn trong
gii hn ca vng c chn.
- Clip Region On/Off: Bt/tt vng ct, l On khi c vng ct v cha bt ln, Off khi
vng ct c bt ln.
- Digitizer Setup: Ci t bn s ho.

- Options: iu chnh cc tu chn trong ca s bn (n v to , khong cch, din


tch, ch ca s bn phng to, thu nh, cch thc hin th thng tin trn ca s bn ,...)
2.1.9. Thc n Window
Thc n ny gm cc lnh m/iu chnh s hin th ca cc ca s
- New Browser Window: M mt ca s thng tin thuc tnh.
- New Map Windows: M mt ca s bn mi.
- New Graph Window: Thc hin lnh v biu / th.
- New Redistrict Window: Thc hin lnh phn chia nhm (Redistrict).
- Redraw Window: V li ca s ang c kch hot cp nht nhng thay i nu c.
- Tile Windows: Sp xp tt c cc ca s ang m sao cho chng u c hin th trn
mn hnh.
- Cascade Windows: Sp xp cc ca s thng tin ang m theo lp.
- Arrange Icons: Sp xp li cc nt lnh.
Phn di cng ca menu Window lit k danh sch cc ca s ang c m.
2.2. CC HP THANH CNG C QUAN TRNG TRONG MAPINFO
2.2.1. Thanh cng c chun (Standard Toolbar)
Thanh cng c ny gm c cc nt lnh sau:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 - New Table Button: To mt bng mi.
2 - Open Table Button: M mt bng c sn.
3 - Save Table Button: Lu mt bng.
4 - Print Window Button: In ra my in.
5 - Cut Button: Ct mt hay nhiu i tng.
6 - Copy Button: Sao chp cc i tng.
7 - Paste Button: Dn mt hay nhiu i tng.
8 - Undo Button: Hu b mt lnh va thc hin.
9 - New Browser Button: To mt bng d liu mi.
10 - New Mapper Button: M mt ca s bn mi.
11 - New Grapher Button: V biu / th.
12 - New Layout Button: M mt ca s trnh by mi.
13 - New Redistricter Button: Thc hin lnh phn chia nhm.
14 - Help Button: Gi tr gip.
2.2.2. Thanh cng c chnh (Main Toolbar)
1 - Select Button: Chn i tng trn ca s bn , gi phm <Shift> chn nhiu i
tng hay nhiu bn ghi mt lc.
2 - Marquee Select Button: Chn cc i tng trn bn theo hnh ch nht (hoc
hnh vung).
3 - Radius Select Button: Chn cc i tng trn bn theo hnh trn.
4 - Polygon Select Button: Chn bng cch v mt vng.
5 - Boundary Select Button: Chn bng cch nhp chut ln mt vng trn mt lp bn ,
nhng i tng c trng tm nm trong vng nhng thuc mt lp khc s c chn.
6 - Unselect All Button: Kh chn tt c nhng i tng/bn ghi ang c chn.

7 - Invert Selection Button: o ngc php chn, c ngha l kh chn nhng i


tng ang c chn v chn nhng i tng khng c chn trong mt bng.
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3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23

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16
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24

8 - Graph Select Button: Chn mt gi tr trn biu .


9 - Zoom-in Button: Phng to ca s mn hnh.
10 - Zoom-out Button: Thu nh ca s mn hnh.
11- Change View Button: Thay i t l v v tr bn bng cch np gi tr. Tng
ng vi lnh Change View trong menu Map.
12- Grabber Button: S dng cng c (ko) thay i li v tr ca bn hoc layout
trong ca s ang hin th
13- Info Tool Button: Hin th ca s thng tin thuc tnh ca i tng.
14- Hot Link Button: M mt tp tin nh dng khc trn my tnh hay mt a ch trn
mng, c lin kt vi mt i tng/bn ghi trong bng MapInfo thng qua vic thit lp
ng dn trong mt trng ca bng.

15- Label Button: Dn nhn th cng cc i tng trn ca s bn bng cc thng


tin ly t c s d liu quan h.
16- Drag Map Window Button: Ko mt ca s bn sang mt phn mm khc. Mun
thc hin iu ny ta phi m hai ca s ng thi, ca s MapInfo v ca s ng dng kia,
Word chng hn, ri chn nt ny, con tr chut trn ca s bn , r chut sang ca s
kia. Bn s c chn vo v tr du nhc trong phn mm kia.
17- Layer Control Button: iu khin cc lp thng tin.
Truy nhp vo hp thoi Layer control ch nh v kim sot ton b cc table trong
ca s bn ang c hin th. Trong hp thoi ny ngi s dng c th t cc tu chn
nh hin th hoc khng hin th cc i tng hc trong mt layer (Visible), chn layer
sa cha (Editable) cho php chn hay khng cc i tng ho trn bn , t cc xc
lp hin th cho tng kiu i tng c trong layer (ng, im, vng, text), sp xp li th
t cc layer ang hin th trong ca s bn , thm vo hoc bt i (Add, remove) trong ca
s ang hin th mt hay nhiu layer...
18- Ruler Button: o khong cch trn bn .
19- Show/Hide Legend Button: Bt/tt ca s ch gii.
20- Show/Hide Statistics Button: Bt/tt ca s thng k.
21- Set Target District Button: Thit lp nhm cha i tng c chn trn ca s
bn thnh mt nhm mc tiu trong ca s Districts Browser.
22- Assign Selected Objects Button: Gn i tng c chn vo nhm mc tiu.
24- Clip Region On/Off Button: Bt/tt ch ct vng.
24- Set Clip Region Button: Thit lp vng ct.
2.2.3. Thanh cng c v (Drawing Toolbar)

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16
1- Symbol Button: To i tng im trn bn .
2- Line Button: To i tng ng thng.
3- Polyline Button: To i tng ng gp khc.
4- Arc Button: To ng vng cung.
5- Polygon Button: To i tng vng hnh a gic.
6- Ellipse Button: To i tng vng hnh ellipse. Gi phm <Shift> khi r chut s
to ra mt hnh trn.
7- Rectangle Button: To i tng vng hnh ch nht. Gi phm <Shift> khi r chut
s to ra hnh vung.
8- Rounded Rectangle Button: To i tng vng hnh ch nht bo trn gc, gi phm
<Shift> khi r chut s to ra hnh vung gc bo trn.
9- Text Button: To i tng ch.
10- Frame Button: To cc khung ca s trn trang trnh by.
11- Reshape Button: To iu khin bt/ tt cc im nt ca i tng.
12- Add Node Button: To thm im nt cho i tng.
13- Symbol Style Button: Chn/chnh kiu biu tng.
14- Line Style Button: Chn/chnh kiu ng
15- Region Style Button: Chn/chnh kiu vng
16- Text Style Button: Chn/chnh kiu ch.

2.2.4. Thanh cng c dng c (Tools Toolbar)


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5

1. Run MapBasic Program: Kch hot chng trnh load Run MapBasic Program.
2. Show/Hide MapBasic Window: a ra hoc ct i chng trnh MapBasic Window.
3. Creat line by length: To ng bng cch a cc thng s v di v gc.
4. Creat Grid: To li vung cho bn .
5. Text Label: Vit tn cho i tng (nhn).
6. Launch Metadata Browser: Khi ng trnh tm kim bn s trn mng.
7. Draw Scale Bar: To thc t l cho bn .

Tt c nhng hp cng c ny c load t File (Run Basic Program, tuy nhin mun
xo chng khi hp cng c TOOLS, bn ch cn vo TOOLS v chn ng tn (ri chn
Exit cc biu tng s ct i).

CHNG 3. XY DNG D LIU KHNG GIAN


3.1. CHUN B BN (BN NGUN)
ng k bn giy vo MapInfo, trc ht bn phi c chuyn thnh nh
trn my tnh bng my qut (scanner). nh qut vo my tnh s c x l li cho r nt v
chnh xc bng phn mm x l nh. Nu t bn qu ln m ta ch c my qut nh th
phi qut nhiu ln v rp nh li trong phn mm x l nh. nh x l xong nn c lu li
di mt trong nhng nh dng nh m MapInfo h tr. Nhng nh dng nh sau c h tr:
- MrSID: nh nh dng MrSID, ui m rng .sid, file ca trnh iu khin nh
(MrSID raster Handler).
- Windows Bitmap: nh nh dng chun ca h iu hnh Window, ui m rng .bmp.
- GIF:nhnh dng ca Graphics Interchange Format, ui m rng .gif.
- JPEG:Chun nn nh ca Joint Photographic Expert Group, ui m rng .jpg.
- PCX: Chun nh s ca ZSoft Paintbrush, ui m rng .pcx.
- SPOT: Chun nh v tinh ca Php (Satellite Pour Observation de la Terre), ui m
rng .bil.
- TGA: Chun nh s ca Targa True Vision TGA, ui m rng .tga.
- TIFF: Chun nh s ca Tagged Image File Format, ui m rng .tif.
3.2. NG K BN QUT VO MAPINFO
Bn c qut qua my qut (scanner) to nn cc tp tin nh vi phn m rng l
*.tif, ,*.jpg, *.bmp, tu theo kch thc bn m qut thnh nhng tp tin nh kh A4
(vi my qut thng dng), hay A3,... s dng cc tp tin nh ny nh l bn giy, ta
phi khai bo ng nhp to ca n v c th s dng nh bn nn trong qu trnh s
ho. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh thu thp bn giy c 3 trng hp xy ra: bn giy c
thng tin v li chiu v to , bn giy khng c thng tin v li chiu v to
nhng chng ta c bn s v khu vc v bn giy nhng hon ton khng c thng
tin g v li chiu v to . Lc ny, tu vo tng trng hp ta s c phng php ng k
bn dod qut vo phn mm MapInfo khc nhau:
3.2.1. ng k nh qut khi bit thng tin v li chiu v to a l:
Cch ng k nh qut nh sau:
- Chn File > Open Table. Xut hin hp thoi Open Table.
- Chn Files of type l Raster Image ri chn nh qut cn ng k.
- Xut hin hp thoi MapInfo.
- Chn Register vo hp thoi Image Registration ng k nh qut.

+ Edit: Chnh sa to ca im khng ch.


+ Remove: Xo mt im.
+ Find: Tm n im khng ch trn mn hnh bn .
+ Add: Thm mt im khng ch.
+ Projection: Chn h quy chiu cho bn . Xut hin hp thoi Choose Projection.
Chn loi li chiu Category v tn h to ph hp khu vc nghin cu Category
Members.
Nu mun khai bo theo to a l (kinh v v ) th chn Longtitude/Latitude
trong mc Category. Trong phn Category Memebers, tu theo h quy chiu ca bn m
chng ta c th khai bo:
Longtitude/Latitude chung cho cc h quy chiu.
Longtitude/Latitude (WGS 84) nu h quy chiu l UTM.
Longtitude/Latitude (Pulkovo 1942) nu h quy chiu l Gauss.
Nu mun khai bo theo h quy chiu, trng hp h quy chiu l UTM (Universal
Transverse Mercator) ta chn Universal Transverse Mercator (WGS 84) trong mc Category.
Tip theo tu theo v tr ca tng vng kho st m chn UTM Zone 48, Northern
Hemisphere (WGS 84) hay UTM Zone 49, Northern Hemisphere (WGS 84). Trng hp h
quy chiu l Gauss, trong mc Category chng ta c th chn Gauss
- Kriuger (Pulkovo 1942), v trong phn Category Members chn GK Zone 18
(Pulkovo 1942).
T ngy 12/07/2000, Th Tng Chnh ph a ra quyt nh s 83/2000/Q-TTg v
vic p dng H quy chiu v H to quc gia VN-2000. Trong trng hp bn H quy
chiu VN-2000, ta chn VN-2000 su dung noi bo mc Category, tip theo tu theo v tr ca
tng khu vc kho st v loi bn m ta c nhng tu chn khc nhau.
S dng li chiu hnh tr ngang ng gc vi mi chiu 60 c h s iu chnh t l
bin dng chiu di k0 = 0,9996 th hin cc bn a hnh c bn, bn nn, bn
hnh chnh quc gia t l t 1:500.000 n 1:25.000. V d: VN-2000 KT 105 mi 6.
S dng li chiu hnh tr ngang ng gc vi mi chiu 30 c h s iu chnh t l
bin dng chiu di k0 = 0,9999 th hin cc bn a hnh c bn, bn nn, bn
hnh chnh t l t 1:10.000 n 1:2.000. V d: VN-2000 KT 108 mui 3.
S dng li chiu hnh tr ngang ng gc vi mi chiu ph hp c h s iu chnh
t l bin dng chiu di k0=0,9999 th hin h thng bn a chnh c s v bn a
chnh cc loi t l, kinh tuyn trc c quy nh cho tng tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung
ng. V d: VN-2000 Thua Thien - Hue mui 3.
+ Units: Chn n v.
+ Np to ca cc im khng ch vo bn trong hp thoi Image Registration
bng cch nhp chut vo im bit to , hp thoi Add Control Point m ra, np to
cho im khng ch vo hai MapX v MapY (X l kinh , Y l v ). To np vo phi
c tnh bng thp phn.

+ Di chuyn bn tm im khng ch bng hai thanh trt ngang v ng, bm


nt "+" v "-" phng to hay thu nh bn .
- Sau khi np to cc im khng ch, kim tra sai s (tnh bng pixel). Nu c th
chn OK trong hp thoi Image Registration m nh qut.
Bi tp p dng
Bi tp 1: ng k nh qut bn khi bit h quy chiu.
- ng k nh qut bn a hnh phn Ty Bc Hu (Tay Bac Hue.jpg) nm trong mnh bn a
hnh Thnh ph Hu, E-48-96-A (6541 IV) theo h quy chiu VN-2000.
- ng k nh qut bn Thuathienhue.tif theo h quy chiu UTM.

3.2.2. ng k nh qut theo bn s khc c sn ca cng khu vc


Mun ng k mt bn dng nh qut vo MapInfo, phi bit to ca t nht 3
im th mi ng k ng c. Tuy nhin nu ta c mt bn s trn MapInfo ca cng
khu vc vi bn nh qut mun ng k th c th ly ngay cc to trn bng MapInfo
v s dng lm im khng ch ng k nh qut theo bn c. Vic ny c
thc hin bng lnh Select Control Point from Map (chn im khng ch t bn ). Cch
thc hin nh sau:
1 - M bn s c cng khu vc vi nh qut cn ng k ra (ta c th m mt nh
qut khc ng k ri cng c).
2 - M bn nh qut mun ng k ra bng lnh File > Open Table, trong Files of
Type chn Raster Image (*.bil, *.tif, *.grd,...).
3 - Mt hp thoi m ra hi ta mun ng k (Register) hay ch hin th nh (Display)
nh qut. Nhp chut chn Register. Hp thoi Image Registration m ra.
4 - Chn h quy chiu cho nh qut mun ng k bng nt Projection, chn n v
bng nt Units. Trong phng php ng k nh qut kiu ny th h quy chiu v n v ca
nh qut cn ng k phi trng vi h quy chiu ca bn s m ta s dng ly to
cc im khng ch.
5 - Di chuyn nh qut trn hp thoi Image Registration n vng c im khng ch
mun ly. C th phng to hay thu nh nh qut nu cn.
6 - Chn nt cng c Grabber trn thanh cng c Main.
7 - Dng nt cng c ny di chuyn bn s trong ca s bn n cng mt
vng vi nh qut. C th dng hai nt cng c phng to-thu nh thay i phng i
ca bn s nu cn. Trong tnh hung ny, thy hp thoi Image Registration khng bin
mt m thanh tiu ca hp thoi ny ch chuyn sang mu xm m thi. V th nh di
chuyn bn sao cho vng d kin chn ly im khng ch khng b hp thoi ny che
khut.
8 - T menu chnh chn Table > Raster > Select Control Point fromMap.
9 - Di chuyn chut li ca s bn , con tr chut bin thnh hnh du cng. Nhp
chut ln v tr chn lm im khng ch.
10 - Hp thoi Add Control Point m ra. hai MapX v MapY hin th to ca
im mi nhp chut. Hai ImageX v ImageY hin gi tr 0. C th t tn cho im khng

ch trong Label. Ta chn OK chp nhn ly im khng ch . To ca im c


a vo hp thoi Image Registration.
11 - Quay li hp thoi Image Registration nhp chut ln chn im khng ch mi
c a vo. Pha di hin ln dng thng bo: Click on Image to modify points
coordinates (nhp chut ln nh thay i to im).
12 - Di chuyn chut li phn nh qut. Con tr chut bin thnh hnh du cng. Nhp
chut ln nh qut ngay ti im trng vi im nhp chut trn bn s trc .
13 - Hp thoi Edit Control Point m ra. Lc ny hp thoi hin ra li to ca im
nhp chut trong bn s lc u trong hai MapX v MapY. Trong hai ImageX v
ImageY lc ny khng phi l gi tr 0 na m hin ra to ca im ta mi nhp chut trn
nh qut (to ny tnh bng im nh - pixel). Nh vy to t bn s c gn ln
im nhp chut trn nh qut cn ng k.
14 - Nhp chut chn OK kt thc ng k im th nht.
15 - Thc hin li t bc 5 n bc 7 di chuyn nh qut v bn s n v tr
cn ng k th hai.
16 - Trn hp thoi Image Registration nhp chut chn nt New chun b np im
khng ch th hai, th 3 v 4.
Xem sai s khi ng k nh qut bit c c th chp nhn c sai s hay khng.
19 - Sau khi np s lng im khng ch cn thit, nhp chut vo nt OKtrn hp
thoi Image Registration kt thc qu trnh ng k nh qut.
Bi tp p dng
Bi tp 2. ng k nh qut bn theo mt bn s c sn.
ng k nh qut bn gii tha x Ph Thanh (PTHANH GT.tif) theo bn s c sn ca lnh th x
Ph Thanh, huyn Ph Vang, tnh Tha Thin Hu.

3.2.3. ng k nh qut khi khng c thng tin v li chiu v to


i khi ta cng c nhu cu x l mt bn trong MapInfo m khng bit to . Hoc
cng c th ta mun x l mt bn khng lin quan n to a l trn b mt qu t,
v d nh bn v mt l t chng hn. Trong trng hp ta vn c th ng k mt bn
qut khng c to vo MapInfo s ho v s dng cc lnh ca MapInfo. Mt bn
khng bit to hoc khng cn to khi ng k vo MapInfo cng phi bit t l th cc
tnh ton a l mi chnh xc c. Mt bn trong MapInfo khng s dng h to qu
t th h to n s dng c gi l h to phi qu t (Non-Earth). Khi ng k bn
theo h kinh /v , MapInfo s cn c trn cc im khng ch hin th nh qut cho
ng vi h to c chn.
nh qut trong my tnh khc vi nh giy bnh thng. Mt nh qut trong my tnh
thc cht bao gm nhiu im nh hnh vung gi l pixel - im nh (vit tt ca ch picture
element). Mi mt im nh c mt mu xc nh. S mu ca mt nh qut tu thuc vo
nh dng ca nh qut . V d nh thang xm 8 bit s c 256 cp xm (28 = 256) t
mu trng n mu en, nh mu 24 bit s c 224 = 16777216 mu (hn 16,7 triu mu). My
tnh qun l nh qut theo tng im nh v gi tr mu ca im nh . Khi quan st mt

nh qut trn my tnh, v kch thc im nh qu nh nn ta khng nhn thy cc im nh.


Nhng nu phng to nh qut ra th ta s nhn thy nhng im nh ny.
Mi im nh trn nh qut s c 3 thng s, to ca im nh theo trc x v y v
gi tr mu ca im nh . To ca im nh l v tr ca im nh trn nh, tc im
nh nm hng th my v ct th my. Gc to ca nh nm gc trn bn tri ca
tm nh. Trong h to ca nh qut chiu dng ca trc tung (trc y) l chiu t trn
xung, cn chiu dng ca trc honh (trc x) l chiu t tri sang phi. Trong khi h to
phi qu t trong MapInfo li ly gc to l gc di bn tri. V vy trc Y trong nh
qut v trc Y trong MapInfo c chiu ngc nhau.
A. H to ca nh qut v B: h to phi qu t trong MapInfo (h to
Descartes).
Khi ng k nh qut c to theo h to ca Tri t (kinh /v ), ta phi s
dng mt trong nhng h quy chiu c MapInfo h tr. Trong h to theo kinh /v
ca qu t, gc to 0 l giao im ca ng kinh tuyn gc v ng xch o. ng
kinh tuyn gc l trc Y v ng xch o l trc X. Chiu dng ca v l chiu hng
ln trn (hng bc) v chiu dng ca kinh l chiu hng sang phi (hng ng).
Khi ng k nh qut khng c to , MapInfo s dng h trc to Descartes vi chiu
ca trc tung v trc honh cng ging vi chiu ca h to kinh/v . Do h to ca nh
qut v h to phi qu t (Non-Earth) m MapInfo s dng c trc tung ngc chiu nhau v
vy khi ng k nh qut ta phi i du gi tr y ca cc im khng ch.
Cch ng k
nh qut ng k theo h to phi qu t cng phi bit t l th mi ng k ng
c. Ta c th s dng ngay h to ca Photoshop ly to ca cc im khng ch,
sau quy i chng ra khong cch trn thc a bng cch nhn vi t l ca bn . Khi
np to cc im khng ch trong hp thoi Image Registation ca MapInfo, ta i du
gi tr Y (tc trc tung). Nu khng i du, do ch hin th ca nh qut trong MapInfo b
ph thuc vo nh qut v th ta khng thy nh qut b ngc chiu. Nhng khi s ho trn
nh qut ny v ch m bn s ho th bn s s b lt ngc. Nhng bn s nh
vy khng th chnh sa c.
Ta s xem xt mt v d di y.
Ta c mt nh qut l bn hin trng s dng t nm 2005 ca th x ng H, tnh
Qung Tr, t l 1/400.000, tp tin c tn l HTDH_2005.jpg. Cc bc thc hin ng k
nh sau:
1- Khi ng phn mm Photoshop v m nh qut ra.
2- Bt thc o ngang v ng ca Photoshop ln nu cha bt. Cch lm: t menu
chnh ca Photoshop chn View > Show Ruler.
3- Chuyn thc o trn Photoshop thnh centimet. Cch lm: t menu chnh chn Edit
> Preferences > Units and Rulers. Hp thoi Preferences m ra.
4- Trong Units, phn Rulers, i n v o thnh cm.
5- Chn trc trn t bn qut nhng im no c s dng lm im khng ch.
Nguyn tc chn im khng ch trong trng hp ny cng ging nh khi ng k theo kinh
/v . Ta nn chn ti thiu l 4 im thy c sai s.

6- Bt ca s bo to v tr con tr chut ln, cch lm: t menu chnh chn Window


> Show Info.
7- Nhp chut chn cng c Rectangular Marquee Tool Photoshop.
8- Di chuyn chut tr li nh qut. Con tr chut bin thnh hnh du cng. Khi di
chuyn cht trong nh qut, trn hai thc o ngang v ng hin ra hai ng chm chm
mnh cho ta bit to v tr con tr chut. ng thi trn ca s Info, gc di bene tri
cng hin ra hai gi tr X v Y cho ta bit chnh xc to ca con tr.
9- Di chuyn con tr chut n im khng ch th nht, ghi li to X v Y ca v tr
trn ca s Info.
10- Tng t di chuyn con tr chut n tt c cc v tr chn lm im khng ch v
ln lt ghi li cc cp to (X, Y) ca cc im . Lm xong ng tp tin nh li v thot
khi Photoshop.
Gi s ta chn bn im khng ch c cc to nh sau: im 1: (x= 3.68, y
=2.53); im 2: (x = 6.25, y = 12.74); im 3: (x = 11.42, y = 2.53); im 4: (x = 11.42, y =
10.20). V thc t l ta chn y l cm nn cc gi tr to y c tnh bng
centimt.
`Ta tin hnh quy i cc to ny v kch thc trn thc a. Cch lm:
11- Bn ny c t l l 1:40,000 vy 1cm = 40,000 cm = 0.4 km trn thc a. Nh
vy to trn nh ca im 1 l (3.68,2.53) (cm) nn to ca im tnh theo t l thc
a s l x = 3.68 x 0.4 v y = 2.53 x 0.4, tc l (x = 1.472, y = 1.012) (km). Tng t nh vy
ta tnh li to cc im khng ch theo t l thc. Kt qu l cc im khng ch s c to
thc nh sau: im 1: (x= 1.472, y =1.012); im 2: (x = 2.5, y = 5.112); im 3: (x =
4.568, y = 1.012); im 4: (x = 4.568, y = 4.08).
Sau khi c to ca 4 im khng ch trn thc a, ta tin hnh ng k to
vo MapInfo nh sau:
12- Khi ng MapInfo.
13- T hp thoi Quick Start chn Open a Table hay t menu chnh chn File > Open
Table. Hp thoi Open Table m ra.
14- Trong hp thoi m bng, File of Type chn Raster Image, trong Look in, m
th mc lu tp tin nh qut HTDH_2005.jpg v chn tp tin ny ri nhp chut chn
Open. Hp thoi hi ng k nh m ra.
15- Chn Register. Hp thoi Image Registration m ra.
16- Nhp chut chn nt Projection, hp thoi Choose Projection m ra.
17- Trong Category nhp chut vo nt th xung chn Non-Earth; di Category
Members chn Non-Earth (kilometers) (v to ta tnh phn trn theo kilmt). Xong
chn OK quay li hp thoi Image Registration. Nu nhp chut vo nt Units ta s thy
n v tnh s c i thnh kilometers.
18- Dng hai thanh cun ngang v ng di chuyn bn n im ng k th
nht. C th phng to hay thu nh bn thy r. Thng thng ta nn phng to bn
chm im khng ch cho chnh xc.
19- Nhp chut vo v tr im khng ch th nht. Hp thoi Add Control Point m ra.

20- Np to x v y ca im khng ch th nht vo MapX v MapY. Nh trnh


by, trc to Y trong nh qut v MapInfo ngc chiu nhau nn pha trc gi tr y ta phi
g du tr (-) i chiu li theo MapInfo. Du tr phi nm st vo con s ch khng c
cch ra. Lm xong chn OK.
21- Di chuyn bn n cc im khng ch khc v np to mt cch tng t.
22- Kim tra sai s xem c chp nhn c hay khng. Nu c chn OK kt thc.
nh qut s c m ra. Nu sai s th kim tra xem sai s v l do g, nhp chut chn im
sai v nhn nt Edit chnh sa li nu cn.
Khi ng k nh qut theo h quy chiu phi qu t v s ho trn MapInfo theo bn
qut , cn lu mt s vn sau:
- Bn s da theo nh qut ng k nh trn ch hin th c cc vt th c s
ho trong ranh gii ca nh qut m thi, nu ta s ho thm nhng vt th nm ngoi nh
qut th khi va v xong chng s b bp vo st mp ca nh qut v khng cn hnh
dng v na.
- Khi thc hin tnh ton a l (chiu di, din tch) trong bn s ho theo h to
phi qu t, MapInfo p dng cch tnh theo h to Descartes phng hai chiu. Gi tr tnh
ton c trong MapInfo c sai s nhng thc ra cng khng nhiu v cc bn s theo kiu
Non-Earth thng ch c s dng trong mt phm vi rt nh so vi b mt a cu, v trong
trng hp mt cong a cu gn nh mt phng.
- Trong v d trn ta ly gc to l gc trn bn tri c th tn dng cch ly to
im khng ch trong Photoshop cho tin. V mt nguyn tc, khi ng k nh qut theo
h to phi qu t, ta c th chn gc to ti bt k v tr no, thm ch ngoi gii hn
nh qut cng c. Tuy nhin nu chn mt gc to bt k th vic tnh ton to cc
im khng ch khng d v mt thi gian.
- Khi qut nh v m nh ra trong Photoshop, khong cch hin th trong Photoshop
bng ng vi kch thc nh giy lc qut vo, khng ph thuc vo vic ta chn phn
gii khi qut l bao nhiu.
- i vi mt nh qut cn a vo MapInfo m khng bit t l, nu c mt bn
s khc hay mt nh qut ng k khc ca cng khu vc, ta c th thc hin phng php
ng k to theo mt bng MapInfo c.
Khi ng k nh qut m c mt im no sai s nhiu nhng khng th chnh sa
bng cch thay i v tr im khng ch hay thay i to im khng ch, hoc cng
khng th tm c nh qut cht lng tt hn th nn tng thm s lng im khng ch.
Cc im khng ch mi nn c thm vo vng xung quanh im sai s nhiu ng thi
thm mt s im khng ch vo vng gia nh qut.
Nu ch np 3 im khng ch th sai s ng k nh lun bng 0 pixel d ta chm cc
im sai hoc np sai to . Nu np t 4 im khng ch tr ln th mi c th bit c sai
s. Sai s trong ng k nh c th do cc nguyn nhn sau:
- nh qut khng chnh xc (b mo hoc ghp nh khng chnh xc). Cht lng ca t
bn qut rt quan trng.
- Np to sai.
- Chm im khng ch sai.

- Chn h quy chiu khng ng vi h quy chiu ca nh qut.


Khi ng k xong, MapInfo to ra mt tp tin cha cc thng tin v ng k to . Tp
tin ny c cng tn vi tp tin nh m ta ng k vi ui m rng l .tab. Ln sau, khi
mun m li tp tin nh ng k th ch cn m tp tin .tab v khng cn phi ng k
nh qut li na.
Trong qu trnh ng k ta c th iu chnh sng v tng phn ca nh trong
Table > Raster> Adjust Image Style thun tin cho vic chn cc im khng ch.
Sau khi ng k nh qut bn ta c th chnh sa to ca nh qut sau khi khai
bo: Sau khi ng nhp, mun khai bo to v tr cc im, vo Table > Raster> Modify
Image Registration, s xut hin ca s Image Registration chng ta thm/bt/sa i v
tr cc im. Sau khi nhp hay sa i cc im, click OK trong ca s Image Registration
hon tt vic ng nhp.
Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 3: ng k nh qut khi khng c thng tin v li chiu v to .
ng k nh qut bn c tn l HTDH_2005.jpg.

3.3. S HO BN
3.3.1. Phng php trc tip
Tng qut phng php s ho trc tip nh sau:
- M nh qut ng k ra bng lnh File > Open.
- Chn Map > Layer Control.
- nh du chnh sa vo lp Cosmetic.
- Tin hnh s ho bn bng cch dng cc cng c v trn thanh cng c Drawing.
Cc thng tin trn bn nn c s ho theo nhm v c cng kiu trong cng mt lp
d qun l sau ny.
- Khi s ho xong dng lnh Map > Save Cosmetic Objects lu cc i tng v
thnh mt bng MapInfo hon chnh.
- C th ch cn v vi i tng u tin l c th dng lnh trn lu nhng g v
thnh mt lp v t tn cho n. Xong vo li Map > Layer Control v nh du chnh sa
vo lp mi lu ri quay li v tip.
3.3.2. Phng php to bng mi trc
Sau khi ng k nh qut, ta s tin hnh to cc bng MapInfo mi (cha c thng
tin g). Gi s ta ng k bn hnh chnh tnh Tha Thin Hu v d kin s ho cc
thng tin sau: ranh gii tnh Tha Thin Hu, ranh gii huyn, ranh gii x, h thng ng
giao thng chnh (ng nha, ng st). cc sng ngi chnh, hnh chnh huyn, hnh
chnh x, a danh. Ta s to cc tp tin MapInfo mi (nhng khng c phn ho - cha v
g c) nh sau:
- Chn File > New Table; hp thoi New Table m ra.
- Trong phn Create New Table c 3 tu chn:
+ Open New Browser: To bng mi xong m ca s Browser ca bng mi ra.

+ Open New Mapper: To bng mi xong m ca s bn ra.


+ Add to Current Mapper: To bng mi xong a bng mi vo ca s bn ca mt
lp bn ang m hin ti. Nu khng c lp bn no ang m th tu chn ny b m i.
Nu ta khng nh du chn vo no th MapInfo s to mt bng mi nhng ng n li.
- Chn mc ta mun ri nhn nt Create. Hp thoi New Table Structure s m ra. Hp
thoi ny cho php ta to cc trng cha d liu cho bn sau ny.
Khi to mt bng MapInfo mi, ta phi d kin bng cha nhng thng tin g v d
kin c bao nhiu loi thng tin to nhng trng cn thit cho lp bn . V d nh
nu ta d nh to lp sng sui, ta s to trng cha tn cc sng sui, trng cha chiu
di, trng cha thuc tnh (c nc thng xuyn hay c nc theo ma),...
- Trong phn Table Structure c hai tu chn. Create New (tu chn mc nh) dng
to mt bng mi hon ton. Tu chn Use Table cho php ta to mt bng mi da trn cu
trc d liu (cc trng) ca mt bng c sn (phi m bng ny ra trc khi thc hin
lnh ny).
- Nhn nt Create. Hp thoi New Table Structure m ra. Nu trc ta dng tu chn
Use Table v chn mt bng no th ton b cc trng cng nh dng ca bng s
c sao chp sang bng mi m khng phi to li.
- To trng mi bng cch nhp chut vo nt Add field. MapInfo t ng t tn cho
trng mi trong Field Name l Field1. Sa li tn trng cho ph hp vi mun. Lu
l tn trng khng c c khong trng v khng th hin th ting Vit c v th khng
nn g du. Sau khi t tn trng ta phi chn nh dng cho trng trong Type. Chn nh
dng trng thch hp vi thng tin d kin np vo, v d nu to trng tn th nh dng
trng phi l Character (k t). Mun b trng mi th nhp chut chn trng ri chn
nt Remove Field.
- Tip theo, ta phi chn h quy chiu cho lp bn mi bng nt Projection. Khi
chn nt ny hp thoi Choose Projection s m ra. Chn h quy chiu cho ph hp.
- Chnh xong cc thit lp trn chn nt Create, hp thoi Create New Table m ra.
- t tn cho bng MapInfo mi trong File Name, trong Save As Type chn MapInfo
(*.tab), chn th mc lu bng mi trong Save In ri chn Save.
Nh vy ta to xong mt bng MapInfo mi v rng (cha c d liu).
Bng phng php ny ta to ra cc bng MapInfo cha cc thng tin s s ho, v
d ta s to cc bng MapInfo l ranh_gioi, cac_tinh, thanh_pho, song, vietnam_vung.
thc hin s ho vo cc bng mi ny ta lm nh sau:
- M nh qut ng k to ra.
- M lp cn s ho ra, trong Preferred View chn Current Mapper, v d m lp
ranh_gioi. Lp ny c m chung vi ca s bn qut nhng cha c g.
C hai cch s ho:
V d c th s ho cho lp ranh_gioi:
* S ho thng qua lp Cosmetic
+ Chn Map > Layer Control, nh du chn chnh sa vo lp Cosmetic Layer.
+ Bt u s ho ng ranh gii bng cch s dng cng c v ng v cc chi
tit theo nh qut m.

+ S ho c mt lc chn Map > Save Cosmetic Objects. Hp thoi Save Cosmetic


Objects m ra.
+ Trong hp thoi Save Cosmetic Objects, thay v chn <New>, ta chn ranh_gioi ri
chn Save. Nh vy nhng g v trong lp Cosmetic s c chuyn ln lp ranh_gioi.
+ Nhn nt Save, hp thoi Save table m ra chn ranh_gioi ri chn Save lu
nhng g chuyn t lp Cosmetic vo lp ranh_gioi.
* S ho trc tip trn lp ang s ho (ranh_gioi)
+ Chn Map > Layer Control.
+ nh du vo ct chnh sa ca lp ranh_gioi.
+ Tin hnh s ho lp ranh_gioi bng cch s dng cng c v ng. Trong qu trnh
v thnh thong nhn t hp phm <Ctrl>+<S> hay chn File > Save Table lu li nhng
g v vo lp ranh_gioi.
s ho cc i tng tip gip nhau cng chung mt ranh gii, nn s dng kh
nng bt im (snap to node) bm phm S tt m kh nng nyGhi ch:
Khi lu nhng thng tin v thnh mt lp mi, MapInfo s lu nhng thng tin ny
thnh 4 tp tin ring bit, nhng tp tin ny c cng tn nhng c phn m rng khc nhau.
Trong trng hp ny c 4 tp tin c lu li l ranh_gioi.tab, ranh_gioi.map, ranh_gioi.dat
v ranh_gioi.id. Khi dng lnh m bng (Open Table), ta ch nhn thy mt tp tin duy nht l
ranh_gioi.tab.
* u v nhc im ca phng php s ho thng qua lp Cosmetic Layer v s
ho trc tip trn lp ang s ho:
- S ho thng qua lp Cosmetic Layer:
Phng php ny c 2 u im l: Th nht, trong qu trnh s ho khi c chnh sa
(ct, gp hay xo) cc i tng, do chng nm trn lp Cosmetic v khng c thng tin nn
cc lnh chnh sa c thc hin nhanh hn. Th hai, trong qu trnh s ho nhng bn
s ho mt phn ri th lp Cosmetic c tc dng nh mt lp v nhp, nu ng ta mi
dng lnh Save Cosmetic Objects chuyn n sang lp cn s ho, nu cha c ta c th
dng lnh Clear Cosmetic Layer xo ton b m khng nh hng n lp bn c
thng tin. Tuy nhin c cng c nhc im l sau khi chuyn t lp Cosmetic ln lp bn
cn s ho, ta phi tin hnh nhp s liu theo 3 phng php trn.
- S ho trc tip trn lp ang s ho:
Phng php ny c u im l ta c th nhp d liu ngay trong qu trnh s ho m
khng phi mt nhiu thi gian tm li tng i tng nhp d liu sau khi s ho xong.
Nhc im ca phng php ny l qu trnh chnh sa bn (Combine, Split, Erase, Erase
Outside) trong qu trnh s ho s chm hn nhiu do xut hin hp thoi hi ta x l d liu
nh th no.
3.4. THAO TC VI CC I TNG HO
3.4.1. nh dng cc kiu i tng ho
chn ch chnh sa cho mt lp bn , t menu chnh chn Map > Layer
Control, hp thoi Layer Control m ra, nh du vo ct chnh sa cho lp mun chnh sa.
a. nh dng im

im trong MapInfo theo mc nh l biu tng ngi sao mu en, c 12 point. Mun
i kiu ca im, cch lm nh sau:
- Dng cng c chn chn im , gi phm <Shift> chn nhiu i tng mt
lc, t menu chnh chn Options > Symbol Style hay chn nhanh bng cch nhp chut chn
nt nh dng biu tng trn thanh cng c Drawing. Hp thoi Symbol Style m ra:
Hp thoi ny gm cc ni dung sau:
+ Font: Chn Font cha biu tng thch hp, bn phi Font l chnh kch thc
biu tng.
+ Symbol: Chn biu tng thch hp.
+ Color: Chn mu cho biu tng.
+ Rotation Angle: Quay biu tng theo gi tr np vo ny (tnh theo - deg).
+ Background: C 3 tu chn l None - khng c nn cho biu tng; Halo - quanh
biu tng c vin trng v Border - to ng vin en quanh biu tng.
+ Effects: C 2 tu chn l Drop Shadow - to bng cho biu tng v Bold - biu
tng c mu m hn.
+ Sample: Hin th trc biu tng khi iu chnh.
- Sau khi chn cc nh dng trong hp thoi trn, chn OK.
b. nh dng ng
- Chn mt/nhiu ng.
- Chn Options > Line Style, chn nhanh bng cch nhp chut ln nt Line Style trn
thanh cng c Drawing. Hp thoi Line Style m ra.
Hp thoi ny bao gm cc ni dung sau:
+ Style: Chn kiu ng.
+ Color: Chn mu cho ng.
+ Width: Ch nh dy ca ng. Pixels: tnh dy ng theo im nh c gi tr
t 1 n 7; Points: tnh dy ng theo point c gi tr t 0.2 n 6.
+ Sample: Xem mu ng khi iu chnh.
- Thit lp tu chn xong chn OK.
c. nh dng vng
- Chn mt/nhiu vng cn nh dng
- Chn Options> Region Style
Hp thoi ny gm cc ni dung sau:
+ Fill: t mu cho vng, gm cc ni dung chn sau:
Pattern: Kiu t mu, N l khng mu (chn N th phn Foreground m i).
Foreground: Chn mu t.
Background: Mc nh tu chn ny tt i (tc khng hin mu nn di). nh du
ny cho php nh dng mu nn cho i tng vng. Nu c bt ln th tu chn mc
nh trong ny l N (khng mu).
- Border: nh dng ng vin cho vng, phn ny tng t nh dng ng.

- Sample: cho php xem trc nh dng khi iu chnh.


- Thit lp cc tu chn xong chn OK.
d. nh dng k t
- Chn i tng cn nh dng
- Chn Options >Text Style. Hp thoi Text Style m ra:
Hp thoi ny gm cc ni dung sau:
+ Font: Chn kiu ch, bn cnh l cho php chn c ch.
+ Text Color: Chn mu ca ch.
+ Background: Chn mu nn cho ch, None l khng mu; Halo l v mt vin trng
xung quanh i tng k t; Box l v mt khung ch nht quanh ch. Tu chn Halo v Box
cho php chn mu nn trong Color pha di.
+ Effects: nh dng cc hiu ng khc nhau cho ch: Bold (ch m), Underline
(gch di), Shadow ( bng), Italic (ch nghing), All Caps (vit hoa ton b) v
Expanded (ko dn ch ra).
Hp thoi trn ch dng nh dng kiu ch cho i tng k t.
Nu ta chn i tng k t ri t menu chnh chn Edit > Get Info (hay chn nhanh
bng cch nhp chut p) th hp thoi Text Object m ra.
Hp thoi ny c cc tu chn sau:
+ Text hin th ni dung ca i tng k t ang c chn. Ta c th xo hay chnh li
ni dung trong ny.
+ Nt Style m hp thoi Text Style chnh kiu ch.
+ Hai Start X v Y: Cho bit to ca k t u tin ca i tng k t. Nu thay i
gi tr trong hai ny th i tng k t s di chuyn v tr trn bn .
+ Line Spacing: Cho php chnh kiu dng ca i tng k t, Single l dng n (tu
chn mc nh), 1.5 l ch mt dng ri v Double l ch cch dng i.
+ Justification: C 3 tu chn l Left - cn l bn tri, Center - cn l chnh gia v Right cn l bn phi.
+ Label Line: C 3 tu chn:
No Line - khng c ng ch;
Simple Line - ng ch n.
Arrow Line - ng ch c mi tn.
+ Rotation Angle: Quay i tng k t bng cch np gi tr vo ny. Chiu
dng l ngc chiu kim ng h.
3.4.2. Chnh hnh dng ca ng, vng v k t
a. iu chnh hnh dng ca ng v vng
ng c chiu di v hnh dng nn ta c th thay i hnh dng ca ng. Cch
lm: s dng cng c chn chn ng , ng c chn bng cch b nh
du, ng thi c bn hnh vung mu en nm xung quanh gii hn ranh gii ca ng
, gc di bn phi c mt chm vung na, l tay cm. Gi nt chut tri trn mt
trong 4 nt hnh vung mu en ny v r chut th ta c th lm thay i ng (co gin

ng). Gi chut tri trn tay cm v r chut th ta c th quay ng . Hnh dng


ng c iu chnh bng nt lnh Reshape (chnh hnh dng). Cch lm nh sau:
- Dng cng c chn nhp chut chn mt ng trn ca s bn .
- Nhp chut vo nt Reshape . Cc nt ca ng ang c chn hin ln.
- Nhp chut vo mt nt ri r chut th ta c th di chuyn v tr nt v do vy thay
i hnh dng ca ng. chn nhiu nt ta cng gi phm <Shift> v cng c th di
chuyn nhiu nt mt lc. Ta c th s dng nt cng c thm nt Add Node thm mt nt
bng cch nhp chut chn nt ny ri nhp chut ln v tr mun thm nt trn ng ang
c chnh sa. Ta c th xo mt nt bng cch nhp chut chn nt ri nhn phm
<Delete>.
Vng c gii hn bng mt ng gp khc nn ta cng c th iu chnh hnh dng
ca vng hon ton ging nh cch iu chnh ng.
b. iu chnh k t
Khi nhp chut chn mt i tng kiu k t, n s c nh du bng bn im
khng ch mu en cng vi mt tay cm. Khi gi phm chut tri trn i tng k t v
r chut th ta c th di chuyn n. Khi gi phm chut tri trn tay cm th ta c th quay i
tng k t bng cch r chut. Nu mun chnh sa ni dung i tng k t, ta nhp chut
p vo n m hp thoi Text Object ra v chnh sa ni dung trong Text. Lu l ting
Vit khng hin th ng trong Text ny.
3.4.3. Lnh Combine v Disaggregate
a. Lnh Combine:
Chc nng: Gp hai hay nhiu i tng thnh mt. Cc i tng ny c th ch l
i tng ng hoc i tng vng hoc i tng im hoc va bao gm c i tng
ng, i tng vng v i tng im. Cc i tng ny c gp li tin cho qu
trnh tnh ton din tch (i vi i tng vng), tnh ton chiu di (i tng ng) hay
cc php ton truy vn.
Cch thc hin:
- Chn Map > Layer Control v nh du chnh sa cho lp mun thay i.
- Chn cng c chn ri gi phm <Shift> chn hai hay nhiu i tng.
- Chn Objects >Combine.
- Hp thoi Data Aggregation (nhp d liu) m ra. Hp thoi ny hi ta khi nhp i
tng ho th d liu c gp li nh th no. Tu theo tng trng hp m ta chn
phng php gp d liu cho thch hp i vi tng trng. Ta cng c th nh du chn
vo No data nhp i tng v cc trng ca i tng mi c to thnh khng c d
liu g c.
Lnh Combine c tc dng trn hai hay nhiu i tng cng kiu hoc khc kiu. V d ta
c th nhp cc im, ng, vng li thnh mt v x l chng nh mt i tng duy nht.
b. Lnh Disaggregate
Chc nng: y l lnh ngc li vi Combine. Lnh ny tch cc i tng gp (i
tng bao gm nhiu thnh phn ring l to thnh do lnh Combine) ra thnh cc i tng
c lp.

Cch thc hin:


- Chn i tng gp cn tch ri thc hin lnh Objects >Disaggregate. Hp thoi
Disaggregate Objects m ra. Hp thoi ny c hai tu chn.
+ Nu nh du tu chn All Objects th (cc) i tng s b tch ra thnh tng i
tng ring l tch ri nhau.
V d ta c mt i tng gp bao gm cc vng th khi thc hin lnh Disaggregate
chng s b tch ra thnh tng i tng vng ring l. Trong phn ny ta c th nh du
vo mc Retain Holes in Regions. Nu nh du mc ny th cc vng c l gia s
c gi nguyn l. Nu khng nh du tu chn ny th khi thc hin lnh tch, cc l
gia s b i thnh cc vng.
+ Tu chn Collections Only tch (cc) i tng gp ra thnh cc i tng ring l
theo nhm (collection).
V d mt i tng gp bao gm nhiu vng, nhiu ng v nhiu im th khi thc
hin lnh tch v chn Collection Only th i tng gp s b tch ra thnh 3 i tng
gp theo kiu ca chng, mt i tng gp bao gm cc vng, mt bao gm cc ng v
mt bao gm cc im.
- Ch nh xong cc tiu chun tch ta chn Next, hp thoi Data Disaggregation (tch
d liu) m ra.
- Ch nh cch tch d liu cho cc trng ri chn OK.
3.4.4. Lnh ct (Split), lnh Xo phn chung (Erase) v lnh Xo phn khng chung
(Erase Outside) mt i tng
a. Lnh Split (Ct):
Chc nng: L lnh ct mt hay nhiu i tng bng i tng ct (cutter). Mc tiu s b
ct ra lm hai phn: phn chung vi i tng ct v phn khng chung vi i tng ct.
Cch thc hin lnh Split nh sau:
- Chn (cc) i tng cn ct bng cng c chn.
- Chn Objects >Set Target i (cc) i tng chn thnh mc tiu.
- Chn (cc) i tng ct.
- Thc hin lnh Objects > Split.
- Hp thoi Data Disaggregation (tch d liu) hin th, hi ta chn ct d liu nh th
no; chn phng php chia d liu ph hp ri chn OK. (Cc) mc tiu s b ct ra. Ta
c th dng nhiu vng ct mt vng/ng, dng mt vng ct nhiu vng/ng hay
nhiu vng ct nhiu vng/ng.
b. Lnh Erase (Xo):
Chc nng:Lnh xo i tng tng t lnh Split, nhng phn chung vi (cc) i
tng ct s b xo i.
Cch thc hin lnh Erase nh sau:
- Chn (cc) i tng cn ct bng cng c chn.
- Chn Objects >Set Target i (cc) i tng chn thnh mc tiu.
- Chn (cc) i tng ct.
- Thc hin lnh Objects > Erase.

- Hp thoi Data Disaggregation (tch d liu) hin th, hi ta chn xo d liu nh th


no; chn phng php chia d liu ph hp ri chn OK.
c. Lnh Erase Outside (Xo phn khng chung):
Tng t nh lnh Split nhng phn khng chung vi (cc) i tng ct b xo i.
Trong cc lnh trn, i tng ct ch c th l vng, mc tiu (i tng b ct) c th
l im gp, ng hay vng. i tng im khng th b ct. Lu rng i vi mt bn mi
s ho, cha c phn d liu th vic chn phng php nhp hay tch d liu khng quan trng.
Tuy nhin i vi mt bn np d liu th y l vn rt quan trng.
3.4.5. Lnh Overlay Nodes
Chc nng: y l lnh chng im to thm (cc) nt ti v tr i tng ct chy qua i
tng mc tiu. Nt c to thnh nm trn mc tiu. Lnh ny thng c s dng trong
trng hp mun to cc im giao nhau gia cc vng ct nhau hay cc im giao nhau ca cc
ng.
Cch thc hin:
- Thit lp mc tiu cho (cc) i tng cn to nt
- Chn cc i tng giao vi (cc) mc tiu
- Chn Objects > Overlay Nodes.
3.4.6. Lnh Buffer (to vng m)
Buffer thc cht khng phi l lnh chnh sa i tng m n l lnh to ra mt i
tng mi da vo i tng c.
Chc nng: Lnh ny to mt vng m xung quanh i tng c chn vi bn knh
vng m do ta xc nh. Lnh Buffer ny thng ng dng trong cc bi ton tnh ton
khong cch, bi ton kinh t (xc nh bn knh tiu th), bi ton quy hoch...
Cch thc hin:
- Chn i tng cn to vng m, gi phm <Shift> chn nhiu i tng, nu mun.
- Chn Objects > Buffer, hp thoi Buffer Objects m ra.
Hp thoi Buffer Objects c cc tu chn sau:
+ Radius:
Value: Xc nh bn knh vng m, gi tr ny c th ly t mt ct d liu trn lp
bn .
From Colum: Ct d liu cn ly.
Units: Chn n v tnh bn knh.
+ Smoothness: Xc nh mn ca vng m; mn ny cn c trn hnh trn, gi
tr mc nh l v vng trn bng 12 on.
+ One buffer for all objects: To mt vng m cho tt c cc i tng c chn
+ One buffer for each object: To mi vng m cho mt i tng c chn.
+ Buffer Width Distance using: Xc nh cch tnh khong cch. Cch tnh ny ph
thuc vo h quy chiu ca lp bn cha cc i tng ang c x l.
Spherical: i vi h to kinh/v.

Cartesian (theo h to Descartes): i vi h to phi qu t.


3.4.7. Lnh Enclose
Lnh ny to ra cc i tng vng t cc ng giao nhau khp kn. Cch lm:
- Chn cc ng ct nhau khp kn ri chn Objects > Enclose. Hp thoi Create
Regions Objects From Enclosed Areas m ra. Tu chn Ignore Regions Objects mc nh
c bt ln (khng tnh cc vng c chn).
- Chn OK.
Cc vng s c to thnh trong lp no ang ch chnh sa
3.4.8. Lnh Smooth v Unsmooth
a. Lnh Smooth
Lnh ny dng bo trn i tng ng bng cch v hai on k nhau thnh mt
ng cong tip tuyn vi gc nh gia chng. V d nh khi ta v mt con sng, mun cho con
sng un o t nhin hn th ta dng lnh ny. Cch lm:
+ Chn ng cn bo trn.
+ Chn Objects > Smooth.
b. Lnh Unsmooth
Lnh Unsmooth l lnh ngc li vi lnh Smooth, lnh ny tr ng c bo trn v
tnh trng ban u. Cch lm:
+ Chn i tng c Smooth ri.
+ Chn Objects > Unsmooth. Lnh ny ch thay i hnh dng ca i tng ng,
cc tnh ton a l vn cn c trn i tng gc (khng Smooth).
3.4.9. Lnh Convert to Regions v Convert to Polylines
a. Convert to Regions (i thnh vng)
y l lnh i mt ng thnh mt vng. Cch lm:
- Chn ng cn i.
- Chn Objects >Convert to Regions.
b. Convert to Polylines (i thnh ng)
Lnh ny l lnh ngc li, i mt vng thnh mt ng. ng to thnh l ng
ranh gii bao xung quanh vng c chn. Cch lm:
- Chn vng cn i.
- Chn Objects >Convert to Polylines.
Convert to Region
Convert to polyline
Cc v d ca lnh Convert to Region v Convert to Polyline
3.4.10. Lnh Check Regions
y l mt lnh rt hiu qu trong vic kim tra li ca cc vng. Lnh ny s nh
du nhng vng chm ln nhau bng cch v mt vng ln vng chung . ng thi n
cng nh du nhng vng b xon, tc l vng t ct n, bng cch chm mt im ln
im ct.
Cch thc hin lnh kim tra vng nh sau:
- Chn cc vng mun kim tra li.
- Chn Objects > Check Regions; menu Check Region Objects m ra.

Hp thoi ny c 3 tu chn:
+ Self- Intersection Detection: pht hin cc vng t ct v nh du ch t ct bng
mt biu tng.
+ Overlap Detection: pht hin cc vng chm ln nhau v nh du vng chm
bng cch v mt vng t mu ln vng .
+ Gap Detection: pht hin l h gia cc vng nm cnh nhau v nh du bng
mt vng t mu. Ch nh din tch ti a ca vng h cn nh du trong Maximum Gap
Area v chn n v tnh din tch trong Area Units.
Tu trng hp ta c th chn mt, hai hay c ba tu chn trn. Trong ba tu chn
ny ta c th thay i kiu nh du bng 3 nt chn kiu im v vng bn phi cc tu
chn ny.
- Ch nh cc tu chn xong chn OK. Cc im/vng nh du to thnh trn lp
no ang ch chnh sa.
Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 4. S ho cc lp thng tin bn
T kt qu ng k nh qut bi tp 1 (thuathienhue.tif), tin hnh s ho cc thng tin trn bn .
- Phn cc lp thng tin, i tng s ho: Thu h, giao thng, ranh gii, a danh, UBND, vng
hnh chnh.
- S ho cc i tng trn bn : S dng cc cng c v ng, im, vng, text s ho cc i
tng, i vi cc vng hnh chnh s dng cc lnh Split, Erase, Erase outside.
- nh dng cc i tng.
- iu chnh cc i tng.
- To buffer cho ranh gii.
- Kim tra vng.

CHNG 4. XY DNG D LIU THUC TNH


4.1. THIT K CU TRC BNG D LIU THUC TNH
M Table cn thit k c s d liu thuc tnh, hay ni cch khc ta xy dng cu trc
bng d liu thuc tnh. T menu Table > Maintenance > Table Structure. Xut hin hp
thoi Modify Table Structure, trong c cc ni dung:
+ Fields: Tn ca cc trng d liu ca bn hin thi.
+ Type: Kiu ca cc trng d liu ca bn hin thi.
MapInfo cho php nh dng cc trng d liu vi cc kiu nh sau:
Character:Kiu k t. Trng c nh dng ny c dng cha d liu kiu ch.
V d nh tn tnh, tn sng, tn thnh ph. Trng ny c th cha ti a 254 k t.
Integer: Kiu s nguyn. Trng kiu dg cha cc s nguyn. Gii hn ca trng
ny l t m hai t (-2,000,000,000) n dng hai t (2,000,000,000).
Small Integer:Kiu s nguyn nh. Trng kiu ny c gii hn trong khong m
32,768 (-32,768) n dng 32,767 (32,767).

Float: Kiu s thp phn c du chm ng. Nn thit lp nh dng l trng ny nu


khng bit chnh xc gi tr np vo l bao nhiu, v d nh khi nhp d liu vo trng bng
cch lp cng thc tnh ton t d liu ca cc trng khc hay t hm s.
Decimal: Kiu s thp phn xc nh, c ngha l phi bit chnh xc gii hn con s
thp phn np vo l bao nhiu. V d: 12,57. Trng kiu ny c th cha ti a 19 ch s.
Date: Kiu ngy thng. Gi tr ngy thng np vo mc nh theo th t h Anh - M,
thng/ngy/nm. V d 12/09/2006 th MapInfo s hiu l ngy 9 thng 12 nm 2006.
Logical:Kiu lun l. Trng ny ch c hai gi tr l ng/c (c g l T, l vit
tt ca ch True) hoc sai/khng (c g l F, vit tt ca ch False).
Khi nh dng trng theo kiu Logical, tt c cc bn ghi u c gi tr mc nh ban
u l sai (F). i vi cc trng kiu s, gi tr mc nh ban u ca cc bn ghi l 0.
+ Indexed : Mc ny nu c nh du th nhng d liu ca trng hin hnh s
c sp xp nhm tng kh nng truy nhp, tm kim. Ch trng d liu no c Indexed
mi s dng c cng c Find ca MapInfo.
- Ta c th thay i tn, kiu d liu ti cc mc Name, Type.
+ Add Field: Dng thm vo mt trng d liu.
+ Remove Field: Dng lc b mt trng d liu no .
+ Projection: Dng thay i cc tham s v c s ton hc ca c bn .
- Sau khi hon thnh vic thay i bm OK.
Lu , tn trng (Field) ti a l 8 k t, khng c du v khng c k t c bit..
Trc khi thit k c s d liu thuc tnh cho mt lp no , ta cn phi phn tch cc ni
dung g (trng g - Field) cn a vo trong lp v kiu loi trng l g.
Sau khi thc hin mt lnh thay i cu trc bng d liu ca mt lp bn trong hp
thoi Modify Table Structure th lp t ng tt i (nhng khng phi ng li). hin
th li lp bn , ta vo Map>Layer Control , chn nt Add, hp thoi Add Layer m ra,
ta chn tn lp v chn Add.
4.2. NHP D LIU THUC TNH
Bng d liu ca bn c m ra bng lnh Window >New Browser Window >
[chn lp bn cn m d liu]. Trc khi np d liu cho mt lp bn , cn thit k cc
trng cha cc d liu. nh dng trng phi ph hp vi d liu d kin np vo. D
liu trong MapInfo c th c np vo bng nhiu cch, bao gm 3 cch, l nhp d liu l
ca s Browser, nhp d liu bng lnh Update Column, nhp d liu bng lnh Info Tool.
4.2.1. Nhp d liu t ca s Browser
- M bn cn nhp liu ra, chn Window > New Browser Window > [chn tn bn
cn nhp d liu].
- Chn Window > Tile Windows hin th ca s bn ln ca s d liu. iu
chnh kch thc cc ca s sao cho thun tin.
- Chn mt i tng trn ca s bn bng nt chn , bn ghi lin kt vi i tng
c t en mp tri. Nu khng thy (v nm ngoi vng nhn thy trong ca s

Browser) th chn lnh Query > Find Selection, i tng c chn s hin th trong ca s
Browser.
- Nhp chut vo hng v nhp d liu cho cc trng. Di chuyn gia cc bng
cch s dng phm <Tab> hoc t hp phm <Shift> + <Tab>.
- Chn mt i tng khc v lm tng t cho n ht.
Cch nhp d liu theo cch ny c u im l kh nhm ln tuy nhin qu trnh thao
tc s chm khi nhp cho nhiu i tng c cng mt gi tr (thuc tnh).
4.2.2. Nhp d liu bng lnh Update Column
Nu c nhiu i tng (bn ghi) trong mt lp bn c cng gi tr trong mt trng,
ta khng nht thit phi g li nhiu ln m c th nhp d liu cho tt c cc i tng c
cng gi tr mt ln bng lnh Update Column. Cch lm tng qut nh sau:
- Chn cc i tng c cng gi tr ca trng d kin np d liu trn ca s bn
bng nt chn , s dng phm <Shift> chn nhiu i tng mt ln. Nu chn nhm i
tng th c th gi <Shift> v nhp chut li ln i tng chn nhm th i tng s
c kh chn.
- Chn Table > Update Column.
- Trong Table to Update chn Selection.
- Trong Column to Update, chn trng cn nhp d liu.
- Trong Get Value from Table, gi nguyn thit lp l Selection.
- Trong Value, g gi tr cn nhp liu vo. Lu rng nh dng kiu k t
(Character), ngy thng (Date) v kiu lun l (Logical) phi c t trong du ngoc kp.
V d: Nhp d liu cho i tng ng st qua lnh Update Column.
Assist xy dng biu thc cho mc Value. Bm vo nt Assist xut hin hp thoi
Expression:
+ Column chn trng d liu cn tnh ton.
+ Operators chn biu thc Logic thch hp.
+ Functions chn hm x l.
Lu rng MapInfo khng th hin th ting Vit ng trong cc hp thoi nhng n hin
th ng trong ca s Browser v khi trnh by bn , v th phi g cho ng chnh t.
4.2.3. Nhp d liu bng lnh Info Tool
y l lnh xem thng tin ca mt i tng trn bn bng cch nhp chut vo i
tng . Ta c th dng ca s Info Tool nhp liu cho bn . Cch lm nh sau:
- Chn nt lnh Info Tool trn thanh cng c Main.
- Nhp chut ln mt i tng trn ca s bn .
- Ca s Info Tool m ra, hin th cc trng cha gi tr ca i tng .
- Nhp chut vo cc trng trong ca s Info Tool np d liu cho i tng c
nhp chut chn lc u.

- Di chuyn li ca s bn , nhp chut ln mt i tng khc, ca s Info Tool


khng tt nhng hin th cc gi tr trong cc trng ca i tng va mi c nhp chut
ln, li nhp d liu vo cc trng cho i tng .
- Lm tng t cho tt c cc i tng trong lp bn .
Lu :
- Khi du nhy chut nm trong ca s Info Tool, c th di chuyn gia cc trng
bng phm <Tab> hay t hp phm <Shift>+<Tab>.
- Ting Vit hin th khng ng nn phi cn thn trnh sai chnh t.
- D liu c nhp hay chnh sa trong ca s Info Tool cng s c lu li trong
bng d liu chnh ca lp bn .
- Khng g du ngoc kp khi g gi tr trong ca s Info Tool.
Cch cp nht thng tin ny rt d dng v chnh xc nhng c mt nhc im rt ln
tc x l s chm v khng hiu qu.
* Nhn xt:
Trong 3 cch np d liu nh trn th ta thy rng nu ta np d liu cho nhiu i
tng c cng mt tnh cht (hay mt gi tr) th s dng lnh Update Column l nhanh
chng nht. Tuy nhin nu cc gi tr ca mi i tng trn lp bn u khc nhau th ta
phi dng cch 1 (np vo Browser) hay cch 3 (dng Info Tool).

Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 5. Xy dng c s d liu thuc tnh
Xy dng cu trc d liu thuc tnh v nhp d liu thuc tnh cho lp thng tin hnh chnh vng
c s ho bi tp 4 theo s liu nh sau:
Ten hanh chinh

Dien tich

Dan so TB

Nam

Nu

Thanh thi

Nong thon

TP Hu

70.99

335747

162956

172791

305052

30695

Huyn Phong in

955.71

107088

51376

55712

6517

100571

Huyn Qung in

163.29

92039

44613

47426

10216

81823

Huyn Hng Tr

520.05

117359

59199

58160

8038

109321

Huyn Ph Vang

280.83

179239

88795

90444

19658

159581

Huyn Hng Thu

458.17

96197

47969

48501

14475

81722

Huyn Ph Lc

729.56

152445

76191

76254

23460

128985

Huyn A Li

1232.73

41717

20852

20865

6398

35319

Huyn Nam ng

651.95

23428

11935

11493

3514

19914

4.3. THAO TC VI CC BNG D LIU THUC TNH


4.3.1. Xo Table bng cng c ca MapInfo
- Chn Table > Maintenance > Delete Table.
- Xut hin hp thoi Delete Table.
- Bm phm Delete xo Table c chn.
4.3.2. Thay tn Table bng cng c ca MapInfo
MapInfo cung cp cng c thay tn mt Table nh sau:
- Chn Table > Maintenance > Rename Table.
- Xut hin hp thoi Rename Table.
- Bm phm Rename i tn Table c chn.
4.3.3. Nn Table bng cng c ca MapInfo
MapInfo cung cp cng c nn mt Table nhm ti u ho d liu.
- Chn Table >Maintenance > Pack Table
- Xut hin hp thoi Pack Table
Chn mc Pack Both types of Data ri chn OK.

4.4. CP NHT V B SUNG D LIU


4.4.1. B sung s liu thng k
Mi tnh cht ca cc i tng c b sung vo mt vng mi v tu theo kiu s
liu khai bo thch hp trong kiu trng d liu (field). C th nhp s liu trc tip
trong MapInfo. Vo Windows > New Browser Window, chn lp d liu mun b sung thm
s xut hin mt ca s d liu Browser lit k d liu theo hng v ct, nhp s liu vo cc
thch hp.
c th s dng cc phn mm khc nh Excel hay Foxpro nhp cc s liu ny,
ta phi lu lp d liu di dng dBase DBF vi mt tn khc. Vo File >Save Copy As,
chn lp d liu cn lu, trong ca s Save Copy of Table As chn Save File As Type l
dBase DBF, ta s c mt tp tin ca lp d liu tng ng c phn m rng l .dbf. vo Excel
hay Foxpro v m tp tin ny cp nht, lu l khng c thay i v tr ca cc hng,
v MapInfo lu thng tin v cc i tng a l ho theo th t cc hng.
4.4.2. B sung s liu do MapInfo tnh ton c
a. Cc ton t, cc hm v t kho trong biu thc trong MapInfo
Trong MapInfo vi cc hm v cc php ton chng ta c th xc lp cc biu thc tnh
ton t ng trn tng i tng (cc hng trong bng), c ngha ta c th b sung t ng
cc s liu trn MapInfo.
Biu thc trong MapInfo bao gm tn vng ca lp d liu c m, trong obj l
mt tn vng c bit ch n i tng a l ca cc hng trong bng d liu - cc ton t
v cc hm.
* Cc ton t:
- Cc Ton t So snh: = bng, <> khc, > ln hn, < nh hn, >= ln hn hay bng,
=< nh hn hay bng, _ tng t (tng trng cho mt k t bt k), %tng t (tng trng
cho nhiu k t bt k)

- Cc k hiu ngha: + cng, - tr, (- ) m, * nhn, / chia, ^ lu tha, () du ngoc.


- Cc ton t ton t lun l: and (v), or (hoc) v not (khng). Trong :
+ and c coi l ng (true) khi (v ch khi) tt c tham s ca n (tc l cc biu
thc m n ni li) u ng. Mt bn ghi phi tho mn tt c cc iu kin trong biu thc
th mi c chn.
+ or c coi l ng khi mt, vi hay tt c cc tham s (tc l cc biu thc m t
kho ny lin kt) ng. Mt bn ghi tho mn mt trong nhng iu kin ca biu thc th s
c chn. N cng c chn khi hai hay tt c iu kin u c tho mn.
+ not l ng khi tham s ca n (biu thc m n c s dng trong ) l sai
(false). Mt bn ghi s c chn khi n khng tho mn iu kin a ra.
- Cc ton t a l. Chng c s dng chn cc i tng da trn mi quan h
khng gian i vi (cc) i tng khc. MapInfo c mt t kho c bit s dng trong
cc ton t a l l obj hay object (i tng). T kho ny (c coi nh mt tn
trng) cho MapInfo bit rng n phi chn gi tr da trn cc i tng ho trong bn
ch khng da vo bng d liu. Cc ton t a l c t nm gia cc i tng
ang c xem xt. Di y l nhng ton t a l:
+ Contains (Cha): i tng A cha i tng B nu trng tm ca i tng B nm
trong ranh gii ca i tng A.
+ Contains Entire (Cha hon ton): i tng A cha hon ton i tng B nu
ranh gii ca B nm hon ton trong ranh gii ca A.
+ Within (Nm trong): i tng A nm trong i tng B nu trng tm ca n nm
trong ranh gii ca B.
+ Entirely Within (Hon ton nm trong): i tng A hon ton nm trong i tng
B nu ranh gii ca n hon ton nm trong i tng B.
+ Intersects (Giao, Ct): i tng A giao (ct) i tng B nu chng c t nht mt
im chung.
* Cc hm ca MapInfo:
- Cc Hm Ton hc.Trong MapInfo c nhng hm ton hc sau:
+ Abs(num): Tr v gi tr tuyt i ca mt s.
+ Cos(num): Tr v cosine ca mt s; num tnh bng radian. (1 radian = 57,29578 )
+ Int(num): Tr v phn s nguyn ca mt s num.
+ Maximum(num1, num2): Tr v s ln hn trong hai s.
+ Minimum(num1, num2): Tr v s nh hn trong hai s.
+ Round(num1, num2): Tr v gi tr c lm trn ca s num1, n gi tr gn nht vi
s num2 (v d nh nu num2 l 10 th num1 c lm trn n gi tr gn vi 10 nht).
+ Sin(num): Tr v sin ca mt s; num tnh bng radian.
+ Tan(num): Tr v tang ca mt s; num c tnh bng radian.
- Cc Hm tng hp s liu(Aggregate Functions)
+ Count(*): m s lng bn ghi (hng) trong mt nhm. Hm ny ly du hoa th
(*) lm i s v n p dng cho bn ghi mt cch tng qut v khng p dng cho mt
trng c bit no ca bn ghi.
+ Sum(<expression>): Tnh tng ca cc gi tr trong biu thc <expression> cho tt
c cc bn ghi trong mt nhm (trng).

+ Avg(<expression>): Tnh gi tr trung bnh ca cc gi tr trong biu thc


<expression> trong tt c cc bn ghi ca mt nhm.
+ Max(<expression>): Tm gi tr ln nht trong <expression> trong tt c cc bn
ghi ca mt nhm.
+ Min(<expression>): Tm gi tr thp nht trong <expression> trong tt c cc bn
ghi trong mt nhm.
- Cc Hm c kt qu l i tng a l
+ Buffer(obj, num_res, num_width, str): Tr v mt vng m. Thng s num_res ch
nh phn gii, tnh theo s nt trn mt vng trn; num_width l bn knh ca vng m;
str l tn ca n v tnh khong cch s dng trong num_width.
+ Centroid(obj): Tr v mt im c to ti trng tm ca i tng obj (nu i
tng l vng, kt qu l trung im nu l ng).
+ CreateCircle(num_x, num_y, num_radius): Tr v mt ng trn; num_x, num_y
tng ng l kinh v v ca tm ng trn, num_radius l bn knh ng trn tnh
theo dm.
+ CreateLine(num_x, num_y, num_x2, num_y2): Tr v mt ng thng vi to
im u v im cui tng ng l (num_x, num_y) v (num_x2, num_y2).
+ CreatePoint(num_x, num_y): Tr v mt im c to l (num_x, num_y).
Mi hm s trn tr v mt i tng ho. Nu g lnh Update trong ca s
MapBasic th ta c th s dng nhng hm s ny to ra cc i tng cho mi hng
trong bng.
- Cc Hm s tr v kt qu cc tnh ton a l
+ Area(obj, str): Tr v din tch ca i tng. Thng s str ch nh tn n v tnh
din tch, v d sq mi (dm vung) hay sq km (km2).
+ CentroidX(obj): Tr v kinh X ca trng tm ca mt i tng vng (trung im
i vi ng) .
+ CentroidY(obj): Tr v v Y ca trng tm ca mt i tng vng (trung im i
vi ng).
+ Distance(num_x, num_y, num_x2, num_y2, str): Tr v khong cch gia hai v tr. Hai
thng s u tin xc nh to ca im u; hai thng s tip theo xc nh to im
cui; str l n v o khong cch, v d nh mi hay km.
+ ObjectLen(obj, str): Tr v chiu di ca i tng. Gi tr str l n v khong cch
v d nh mi hay km. Ch c cc i tng l ng thng, ng (gp khc) v cung l
c chiu di khc khng.
+ Perimeter(obj, str): Tr v chu vi ca i tng. Gi tr str l n v o khong cch.
Ch c cc i tng kiu vng, ellipse v hnh ch nht l c chu vi khc khng.
- Cc hm ngy thng
+ CurDate( ): Tr v ngy thng nm hin hnh.
+ Day(date): Tr v phn ngy trong thng (1 - 31) ca ngy.
+ Month(date): Tr v phn thng (1 - 12) ca ngy.
+ Weekday(date): Tr v phn ngy trong tun (1 - 7) ca ngy, 1 = Ch Nht.
+ Year(date): Tr v phn nm ca ngy.
- Cc hm v chui k t

+ Chr$(num): Tr v mt k t tng ng vi m k t l num (v d chr$(65) s tr v


chui A).
+ DeformatNumber$(str): o ngc tc ng ca hm FormatNumber$, tr v mt
chui khng c cc du phn cch hng ngn.
- Format$(num, str): Tr v mt chui biu th mt s c nh dng. V d
Format$(12345.678,$,#.##) tr v gi tr $12,345.68.
+ FormatNumber$(num): Tr v mt chui biu th mt con s c nh dng. Hm
s ny n gin hn hm Format$, nhng cho ta t quyn kim sot trong vic nh dng hn
(v d nh s nh dng lun c du phn cch hng ngn).
+ InStr(num, str1, str2): Tm kim chui str2 bt u t v tr k t th num, v tm s
hin din ca phn trong chui str1. Hm ny tr v v tr khi tm thy kt qu trong str1,
hoc tr v 0 nu khng tm thy. yu cu MapInfo tm kim chui t u, np gi tr num
l mt (1).
+ LCase$(str): Tr v nh dng ch vit thng ca chui str.
+ Left$(str, num): Tr v num s k t u tin ca chui str.
+ Len(str): Tr v s k t trong chui str.
+ LTrim$(str): Ct b bt k khong trng no u chui str v tr v kt qu.
+ Mid$(str, num1, num2 ): Tr v mt phn ca chui str bt u t k t th num1 v
di num2 s k t.
+ Proper$(str): Tr v mt chui vi cch vit hoa ng kiu (ch u tin vit hoa).
+ Right$(str, num): tr v num s k t cui cng ca chui str.
+ RTrim$(str): Ct b khong trng no phn cui ca chui str v tr v kt qu.
+ Str$(expr): tr v mt chui tng ng vi gi tr ca biu thc expr.
+ UCase$(str): Tr v dng ch vit hoa (ton b) ca chui str.
+ Val(str): Tr v gi tr s ca mt chui; v d Val(18) tr v s 18.
* Cc t kho trong Biu thc
MapInfo cho php s dng cc t kho sau:any (bt k), all (tt c), in (trong)
v between (trong khong). Nhng t kho ny phi c g vo biu thc (khng c sn).
V d: - field_x = any (TP.HCM, N, KG)
- field_x in (TP.HCM, N, KG)
=> tt c cc i tng m ct field_x c gi tr l TPHCM hay N hay Kg
Trc khi thc hin cc bc tnh ton t ng ta cn phi iu chnh cc thit lp ca
MapInfo (n v).
- n v tnh din tch: mi (miles), in (inches), ft (feet), yd (yard), km, m, cm, mm...
- n v tnh din tch: sq mi (square miles), sq in (square inches), sq km (km2), sq m
(m2), sq cm (cm2), sq mm (mm2), hectare...
b. Cp nht cc s liu (Update Column)
Chng ta c th cp nht hay b sung tng ct d liu mt
- Vo Table> Update Coulmn, ca s Update Column xut hin vi cc mc sau:
- Table to Update: Chn lp d liu mun cp nht trong s cc lp d liu m
- Get Value from Table: Ly gi tr t lp d liu no. C 2 trng hp:
* T lp d liu mun cp nht:
- Column to Update: Chn trng DL mun cp nht

- Value: Nhp mt biu thc hp l. Thng s dng khung Assist xy dng biu
thc. V d nh tnh din tch, chiu di, tnh gi tr to ...
* T mt lp d liu khc:
- Click khung Joint xc nh trng (field) tham chiu lin kt gia 2 lp d liu.
- Column to Update: Mt trng c sn hay mt trng DL mi (Add New Temporary
Column)
- Calculate: Cch tnh ton c th l: Value hay cc biu thc tng hp nh: Average,
Count, Minimum, Sum, Weighted Average (trung bnh gia trng), Proportion Sum (tng s
theo t l), Proportion Average (trung bnh theo t l) v Proportion WeightedAverage (trung
bnh gia trng theo t l).
Lu : Cc biu thc Average, Count, Minimum, Sum, Weighted Average c tham s l
cc gi tr ca d liu, cc biu thc t l Proportion th x l cc i tng a l.
- of: thng l mt ct hay mt biu thc hp l
- Sau cng click OK tin hnh cp nht
c. Cc v d
* Tnh ton to ca cc im
To ca mt im c xc nh bng hai gi tr: kinh v v , ta to thm hai
trng mi cho lp mun np to .
- Chn Table > Maintenance > Table Structure. Hp thoi Modify Table Structure m ra.
- Chn Add Field to thm 2 trng mi l kinh_do v vi_do, kiu l Float.
- Chn OK.
Ln lt np to cho ct kinh_do v vi_do nh sau:
- Chn Table > Update Column, hp thoi Update Column m ra.
- Chn tn lp cn np im trong Table to Update; trong Column to Update ta
chn kinh_do.
- Nhn chut chn nt Assist, hp thoi Expression m ra.
- Nhn chut vo nt th xung Functions (hm s) v chn hm CentroidX; xong
chn OK.
- Quay tr li hp thoi Update Column, ta thy biu thc trong Value l
CentroidX(obj)
- Tt chn trong Browse Results i ri chn OK. Trong trng kinh_do tt c cc
hng u c np kinh vo. To y c tnh bng thp phn
i vi ct vi_do cch lm tng t v hm s s dng l CentroidY.
* Tnh ton chiu di ca cc ng
tnh chiu di ca cc i tng ng (con sng hay ng giao thng) trc ht
ta cng phi to mt trng cha chiu di vi cc thng s Name: chieu_dai, Type:
Float. Tin hnh np chiu di vo trng mi ny nh sau:
- Chn Table > Update Column. Hp thoi Update Column m ra.
- Trong Table to Update chn lp cn tnh; trong Column to Update chn trng
chieu_dai.
- Nhn chut chn nt Assist m hp thoi Expressionra.
Hnh 5.12. Hp thoi Update Column v Hp thoi Expression trong lnh cp nht ct chieu_dai cho lp
song.

- Functions, trong danh sch th xung chn hm ObjectLen, dng biu thc hin
th trong Expression l ObjectLen(obj, mi). Sa n v o lng mc nh trong ngoc
kp mi (dm) thnh km (kilmt) v chn OK. Biu thc hin th trong Value s l
ObjectLen(obj,km).
- Tt chn trong Browse Results i ri chn OK.
* Tnh ton chu vi v din tch, mt cho cc vng
tnh chu vi v din tch cho cc vng lnh th ta s thc hin np cc d liu ny
nh sau:
- To hai trng mi l chu_vi v dien_tich cho lp vng cn np d liu, kiu u l Float.
Cp nht ct chu_vi nh sau:
- Chn Table > Update Column.
- Trong Table to Update chn lp cn np (v d: cac_tinh), trong Column to Update
chn chu_vi.
- Nhn nt Assist. Hp thoi Expression m ra.
- Trong mc Functions, t danh sch th xung ca ny chn Perimeter (chu vi).
- Trong hp Type an Expression, sa ch mi trong ngoc kp thnh km i n
v tnh chiu di. Xong chn OK.
- Trong hp thoi Update Column, tt chn trong Browse Results ri chn OK.
Chu vi ca cc tnh c np xong, tnh bng kilmt.
Ta cp nht ct dien_tich bng cch lm hon ton tng t nhng s dng hm s
Area(obj, sq mi) v sa ch sq mi (dm vung) thnh hectare (hcta); hoc nu mun
tnh l km2th ta sa thnh sq km
Lu : Khi np thng tin a l ca cc i tng theo phng php nh trn, MapInfo
tnh ton cc gi tr da vo i tng ho c v trn bn . Nu sau ny ta chnh
sa bn th nhng thng tin s b thay i. Ta phi chy li lnh Update Column v
chp d liu cp nht mi ln nhng d liu c.
tnh mt dn s cho bng cac_tinh, th trc tin cn phi c 2 trng din tch
(dien_tich) v trng dn s (dan_so). Hoc nu ta cha c trng din tch th ta c th thn
ton ngay trong biu thc tnh mt . cha gi tr mt dn s, ta cn to ra mt
trng mi c tn l mat_do (mt ), nh dng kiu trng trong Type l Float. Cp nht
trng mat_do bng cch:
- Chn Table > Update Column. Hp thoi Update Column m ra.
- Trong Table to Update chn bng cn tnh (v d: cac_tinh), trong Column to
Update chn ct mat_do.
- Trong Get Value from Table gi nguyn l bng cac_tinh.
- Nhp chut vo nt Assist m hp thoi Expression ra.
- Trong Expression ta g vo biu thc sau: Format$(Dan_so_TB / Area(obj, "sq
km"),"#"). S dng hm Format$(con s, nh dng con s) lm trn gi tr mt .
Con s y l cng thc tnh mt , cn ch s trong MapInfo quy nh l #, ta khng
mun ly s l no, do phn nh dng con s y l #
- Lm xong nhn OK quay li hp thoi Update Column. Biu thc c np vo
Value.

- Nhn OK kt thc lnh cp nht.


Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 6. Cp nht cc thng tin thuc tnh cho cc i tng
S dng kt qu bi tp s 5, thc hin cc lnh sau:
- Tin hnh tnh ton din tch, chu vi, mt dn s, t l nam/n, t l dn s thnh th/nng thn cho
lp thng tin hnh chnh vng.
- Cp nht thng tin loi ng, chiu di ng cho lp thng tin giao thng.
- Tnh ton to cc im UBND (gi tr pht giy v gi tr km- s dng tool CoordinateExtractor
chuyn i gia cc n v to ).
Cho bn hin trng s dng t nm 2005 ca huyn Ph Vang, bao gm 3 trng d liu thuc tnh:
ID, MDSDD07. Cp nht thng tin thuc tnh hin trng s dng t v tnh ton din tch cho cc khoanh vi
hin trng s dng t.

CHNG 5. BIN TP V TRNH BY BN


Khi chng ta c cc lp d liu ring bit v mt khu vc lnh th, chng ta c th xy
dng cc bn chuyn khc nhau. Xy dng bn trn my tnh l kt hp cc lp d
liu c s ho, sp xp th t, t mu, ghi ch gii, to li ta cng nh sp xp
v tr ca chng c th in ra giy.
Cng tc bin tp v trnh by bn l mt cng vic khng nhng c tnh cht khoa
hc, chnh xc m cn c tnh cht ngh thut cao. c mt bn trnh by r rng, y
chi tit v p ngi bin tp phi c nhng kin thc c bn v bn hc v cn phi
c c tnh cn thn trong cng tc bin tp.
Ni chung, mt bn khi c trnh by s c cc thnh phn di y. Tu theo loi
bn v mc ch s dng m cc thnh phn ny c th c hoc khng, hoc thay i
nhng c bn l chng cn thit.
1- Tn ca bn : Mi bn c in ra hay c trnh by u nhm phc v cho
mt mc ch no , v vy tn ca bn phi gii thch mt cch tm tt nhng y
ni dung ca bn .
2- Ni dung bn : y l phn quan trng nht ca bn , bao gm cc thng tin
di dng ho nh sng sui, ng x, tnh, thnh ph, ng cao ,... Ni dung ca
bn phi ph hp vi tn ca bn , tc lm ni bt c ni dung mun trnh by.
3- Nhn: Trn bn ta thy c tn tnh, c tn thnh ph, tn sng sui,... l cc
nhn nhm mc ch lm r ngha ca cc i tng trn bn .
4- Ch gii: y l phn gii ngha r thm cho cc biu tng, kiu ng, kiu vng
c trnh by trn bn , v d trong ch gii c ni dung sau: ng lin mnh mu xanh
dng tng trng cho sng sui, ng lin mu tng trng cho ng b, ng gch
chm m tng trng cho ranh gii tnh, ngi sao mu tng trng cho th ,.... Phn
ch gii (hay cn gi l ch dn, ch thch) ca bn thng c t ring trong mt
khung.

5- Li ta : Phn ny c th c hay khng, tuy nhin li ta thng l cn thit


v n gip ngi xem bn xc nh c v tr trn bn . Li ta l nhng ng
song song vi kinh tuyn v xch o, cch u nhau mt khong nht nh v trn mi
ng u c to .
6 - Thc t l: Thng nm mt gc ca bn biu th cho t l khong cch trn
bn tng ng vi khong cch ngoi thc a l bao nhiu. Thc t l cng c th c
trnh by hay khng, v d nh trong tn ca bn ta ghi t l ca bn ri th thc t
l trn bn c th khng cn thit, tuy nhin nu c th bn cng tr nn r rng, thun
tin cho ngi s dng hn.
7 - Phng hng bn (mi tn ch hng): Mi tn ch hng nhm gip cho
ngi c bn xc nh c hng Bc trn bn . Yu t ny c th c hoc khng v
thng thng th hng bc c quy c l hng thng ln trn. Trong mt s trng hp
do mc ch m thut khi trnh by bn m ngi ta c th xoay bn i sao cho thun
tin, lc kim ch nam l cn thit gip xc nh hng Bc nh ni.
i vi nhng bn c xy dng s dng ngoi thc a th li ta , thc
t l v kim ch nam rt cn thit.
8 - Cc yu t khc: Trong bn ta cng c th cung cp thm nhng thng tin khc
cho ngi xem, v d nh tc gi ca bn , h quy chiu m bn ang s dng, ngun
ca nhng thng tin trn bn ,... y ta ni n bn c trnh by trong MapInfo,
i vi bn in chuyn nghip, cn c cc thng tin v nh xut bn, s lng in, thi gian
in,...
Trong khi trnh by mt bn chng ta nn dng lnh lu Workspace tin cho cng
tc bin tp, c thc hin nh sau:
- T menu chnh chn File > Save Workspace. Hp thoi Save Workspace m ra.
- t tn cho workspace (khng gian lm vic) trong File Name, chn th mc lu
tp tin workspace trong Save In ri nhn nt Save. Lu trong khi kt thc mt ln bin tp
v chnh sa th ta phi lu trang lm vic Workspace.
5.1. BIN TP BN
5.1.1. To lp bn chuyn
Lnh to bn chuyn (Create Thematic Map) ch c kch hot khi c mt ca
s bn ang c kch hot. tin hnh to bn chuyn ta vo Map>Create
Thematic Map, khi mn hnh hin ra hp thoi chuyn vi thc n chnh cho php to
ra bn theo cc phng php khc nhau, mun lp bn theo phng php no , ta
cn bm chn biu tng ca phng php . Trong hp thoi c cc phng php:
1- Ranges (Phng php gii - Cartogram): Lp bn ch theo cc khong
gii hn gi tr ca d liu. Cc khong gii hn c biu th bng mu/kiu i tng khc
nhau v c s thay i c tnh quy lut tng ng vi gi tr d liu. Bn ch theo
khong gii hn cho php ta minh ho cc d liu ca im, ng v vng. Chng c s
dng minh ho mi quan h gia gi tr d liu v vng a l (v d nh doanh s bn ra
ca tng khu vc, thu nhp bnh qun u ngi ca tng khu vc) hoc biu th thng tin
kiu t l, v d nh mt dn s.

2- Bar Charts (Phng php biu bn - Cartodiagram): V biu ct theo gi


tr d liu ca tng bn ghi. Biu ct c s dng minh ho nhiu bin ca mt bn
ghi trong bn . Ta c th so snh kch thc cc ct trong mi biu c c thng tin
v tng bn ghi trong d liu ca bng, hoc c th so snh mt ct vi tt c cc ct khc
c nhn nh v mt bin theo tt c cc bn ghi, hoc so snh chiu cao ca biu ct
c thng tin v ton b bng. i vi mi i tng biu ct c t ti v tr trng tm
ca n. V d: Trn bn pht trin dn s, cc ct ca biu th hin cho dn s pht
trin qua tng nm ti tng n v hnh chnh. Hoc ta cng c th thnh lp ni dung
chuyn cho lng ma trong nm thu c ti cc trm o trn c nc, lc ny vi biu
ct c th c biu din trn i tng im ti v tr trm i, mi ct th hin lng
ma trung bnh trong tng thng.
3- Pie Charts (Phng php biu bn - Cartodiagram): V biu dng hnh
qut, y l dng biu nhiu bin. Loi ny c s dng trong bn phn tch mt
hay nhiu bin cng mt lc. Ta c th so snh kch thc ca cc hnh r qut trong mi
biu c thng tin v tng bn ghi, hoc so snh mt hnh r qut vi tt c cc biu
hnh qut c nhn nh v mt bin no theo cc bn ghi, hoc so snh ng knh ca
cc biu qut c thng tin v ton b d liu c v biu .
4- Graduated (Phng php k hiu): Biu din mi bn ghi trong bng bng mt biu
tng, kch thc ca biu tng t l trc tip vi gi tr d liu. Mt bn c cc biu
tng c phn cp hin th d liu theo cc gi tr ca chng. Kiu phn cp ny hu ch
trong vic trnh by cc thng tin c tnh cht nh lng, v d nh phn hng t cao n
thp. Kch thc ca cc biu tng t l vi cc gi tr d liu ca bn ghi. Cc im c gi
tr trong bng d liu ln hn s c v to hn v ngc li.
5- Dot Density (Phng php chm im): p dng i vi bng kiu vng. Kiu ny
biu din gi tr d liu thnh cc chm trn bn , mi mt chm tng ng vi mt con
s v tng s chm trong mt vng tng ng vi gi tr d liu ca vng . Mt bn theo
kiu mt im cho php ta c lng nhanh gi tr d liu (v d nh dn s chng hn).
6- Individual (Phng php nn cht lng): T mu cc bn ghi theo cc gi tr d
liu ring l. Cc mu gi tr tm kiu ring l thuc loi nhiu bin. Ta c th chn t
mu cho im, ng hay vng. Mt bn ch v cc i tng bn theo tng gi
tr ring l c s dng khi ta mun nhn mnh s khc bit gia tng i tng (nh
tnh), v d nh cc kiu nh hng trong mt khu vc, cc cp phn chia vng trong mt khu
vc,...ch khng quan tm n tnh cht nh lng. y l kiu bn ch duy nht c
th c xy dng t trng d liu khng phi kiu s (not numeric field).
7- Grid: Bn ch kiu li (grid) biu din gi tr d liu thnh s thay i mu
t t trn ton bn . Kiu bn ch ny c xy dng bng cch ni suy cc d liu
dng im t bng d liu gc. Mt tp tin li (grid file) c to ra khi ni suy d liu v
c biu din thnh mt nh qut trn ca s bn .
y chng ti a ra phng php Cartogram lm v d:
Mt cch tng qut, lnh Create Thematic Map bao gm 3 bc:
- Bc 1:Chn kiu bn ch

Chn Map > Create Thematic Map, hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 1 of 3 m
ra. Trong hp thoi ny ta chn Kiu ch v mu c s dng to bn ch .
Hp thoi ny c cc ni dung sau:
+ Phn Type dng chn kiu bn ch . Chn kiu Range:
+ PhnTemplate: ng vi mi kiu trong ct Type th trong phn Template c mt s
mu bn theo ch c sn tng ng vi kiu c chn. Ty theo mun m ngi
dng chn mu sao cho thch hp.
+ Phn Preview: Hin th minh ha ch gii cho tng kiu c chn.
+ Hai tu chn l Sort by Name v Sort by Time, dng sp th t cc mu theo tn
hay theo trnh t thi gian chng c to thnh.
Chn Next, hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of 3 m ra.
- Bc 2: Thit lp cc thng s to bn ch
Trong hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of 3 ta chn bng v trng d liu
dng to bn ch .
Nu chn phng php to bn ch theo mt bin, bc 2 ta c th nh du
Ignore Zeroes or Blanks b i nhng bn ghi c gi tr l 0 (d liu kiu s) hay rng (d
liu kiu k t) nu mun.
Khi iu chnh xong chn Next. Hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3 m ra.
- Bc 3:iu chnh bn ch
Trong hp thoi Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3, ta chn kiu t mu, kiu ch
cho ch gii, khong gii hn, s bc phn cp, cch sp th t ch gii,... (tu kiu bn
ch chn lc u). Hai tu chn Ascending (Sp th t xui) v Descending (Sp th t
ngc). Trong phn Legend Label Order cho php ta chn cch xp th t cho ch gii.
phn Template ta c th lu cc thit lp thnh mt mu s dng sau ny.
Ta c th thay i cc tham s ca bn chuyn nh nh ngha li cc khang gi
tr, cc thuc tnh th hin bng cch chn cc nt lnh khc nhau nh Ranges, Styles,
Settings.
+ Ranges cho php iu chnh cc khong gii hn trong mt bn ch c chia
cc khong gii hn.
Method: Phng php to bn chuyn , bao gm cc phng php sau:
Equal count: to ra cc nhm i tng c s bn ghi nh nhau, Equal range: to ra
nhm i tng c khong d liu nh nhau; Natural Break: S phn tch cc khong d
liu chuyn da trn c s ti thiu ho cc hiu s ca cc d liu vi gi tr trung bnh
ca chng; Standard Deviation: khong cch c phn tch ti gi tr trung bnh ca d
liu, khong trn v khong di c xc nh bng khong gia cng tr i mt sai lch
chun; Quantile: Xc nh s phn b ca mt bin d liu dc theo khong d liu, Custom:
t xc nh cc khong d liu chuyn ; #range: nhp s lng cc khong d liu chuyn
, theo gi tr ny h thng s t ng tnh ton gi tr ca cc khong gi tr da trn gi
tr Min, Max; Round by: chn s ch lm trn cho h thng.
+ Styles dng iu chnh cc thuc tnh v kiu nh mu sc v kch thc.
Chn color chn to lp bn chuyn da trn c s t mu cc nhm
i tng hoc chn None loi b t mu.

to ch gii cho lp chuyn , bm nt Legend, xut hin hp thoi Customize


Legend. Trong hp thoi cn xc nh:
Title Font: Font cho tiu ghi ch
Tile: Bin tp tiu ghi ch
Subtilte: Bin tp tiu ph ghi ch
Subtitle font: Bin tp kiu ch tiu ph
Font: Chn kiu ch cho cc nhn
Edit selected range here: Bin tp cc khong gi tr d liu chuyn
Show this range: Hin th khong d liu chuyn
Show record count: Chn hin th s lng bn ghi
Sau khi hon tt bc 3, bn nguyn thu lc u s c t mu theo thit lp
chn trong 3 bc trn, ng thi mt ch gii cng c to thnh gii thch cho cch
t mu .
Lnh ny khng lm thay i bng MapInfo nguyn thu, n ch ph ln lp bn
nguyn thu mt lp vtheo cc d liu do ta thit lp. Nu m hp thoi Layer Control, ta
s thy trn lp c to bn ch c thm mt lp na. Lp ny hi tht vo mt cht
so vi cc lp bnh thng. Tn ca lp ny l tn phng php to bn ch v d liu
c s dng to bn ch .
Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 7. To lp bn chuyn
T c s d liu bn Tha Thin Hu thit lp, thnh lp lp bn chuyn mt dn c.

5.1.2. To biu v th
a. Phng php to biu
To biu trong MapInfo c thc hin bng lnh Window > New Graph Window
hoc bng nt lnh New Grapher trn thanh cng c Standard. Trong bng phi c trng d
liu kiu s (numeric field) th mi c th lp biu c. Cc bc lp biu nh sau:
- M lp bn c cha d liu ta mun lp biu ra.
- T menu chnh chn Window > New Graph Window. Ca s Create Graph - Step 1 of
2 m ra.
Graph: Lit k danh sch cc kiu biu ca MapInfo. Trong MapInfo c cc kiu
biu sau:
+ 3D (dng khng gian 3 chiu).
+ Area (dng din tch).
+ Bar (dng hnh que).
+ Bubble (dng bong bng).
+ Column (dng ct).
+ Histogram (biu tn s).
+ Line (dng ng).
+ Pie (dng hnh qut).
+ Scattered (dng im phn tn).

+ Surface (dng b mt).


Chn kiu biu ta mun.
- Khi chn xong kiu biu th phn Template bn phi s lit k danh sch cc mu
ca kiu c chn. Chn mu ta mun ri chn OK. Hp thoi Create Graph - Step 2 of
2 m ra.
+ Table dng chn bng to biu .
+ Phn Fields c hai mc.
Fields from Table: Lit k danh sch cc trng kiu s c trong bng chn.
Fields for Graph: Lit k tn cc trng c chn to biu bng nt Add
hoc mun loi chng ra th c th chn nt Remove. Ta c th di chuyn v tr trng bng
cch chn trng trong Fields for Graph ri nhn nt Up hay Down. Th t trn/di
ca cc trng trong Fields for Graph s quyt nh th t hin th ca biu sau ny.
+ Label with Column: Chn trng dn nhn biu . Ta cng c th chn None
nu khng mun dn nhn.
Series in Rows: Sp xp d liu theo hng
Series in Columns: Sp xp d liu theo ct
- Sau khi chn xong nhp chut vo nt OK. Biu s c trnh by trong mt ca
s c tiu dng [tn bng] Graph.
Biu sau khi v xong c cc phn sau:
- Trn cng l phn c dng Graph of: [tn bng/tn php chn], ngay pha di l
hng <subtitle>.
- Bn tri ca s l phn biu gm c: tn trc trung c dng [Y1 axis title], tn trc
honh c dng [tn trng c dn nhn].
- Bn phi biu l ch gii.
- Di cng l cc ni dung <group title> (tn nhm) v <footnote> (ghi ch).
Khi ca s biu c kch hot th trn menu chnh c thm mt menu con na l
Graph. Menu ny cho php ta iu chnh cc thnh phn ca biu .
b. iu chnh biu
* Lnh Formatting
y l lnh nh dng cc thnh phn ca biu . Mun nh dng phn no ca biu
th ta phi nhp chut chn phn trc ri t menu chnh chn Graph > Formatting
hoc click doup vo i tng c chn th menu nh dng tng ng ca phn c
chn s m ra.
* Lnh General Options
Lnh ny dng iu chnh cc tu chn ca biu trong hp thoi General
Options. Ta iu chnh tng mc bng cch nhp chut vo thanh tiu ca tng mc
pha trn hp thoi.
- General: Bn tri hp thoi ny hin th dng ca ca s biu . Mc ny c cc ni
dung sau:
+ Overlap: Thanh trt ny iu chnh khong cch gia cc yu t thnh phn ca
mt chui d liu. Khi ta iu chnh thanh trt ny th cc ct ca biu s cch xa hay

xch li gn nhau. Khi ta iu chnh thanh trt ny th biu mu bn tri s thay i


tng ng.
+ Gap Width: Thanh trt ny iu chnh khong cch gia cc nhm d liu khc
nhau khi v biu t nhiu trng.
+ Riser Shape cho php ta thay i hnh dng ca cc ct biu . Trong biu ct c
3 tu chn l Rectangle (hnh ch nht), Beveled Box ( bng xui) v Reverse Beveled Box
( bng ngc).
+ Use Depth: (to biu dng khi 3 chiu): Nu ta nh du chn vo phn ny th
phn Riser Shape s b m i v tc dng chnh dng biu s thuc phn ny.
Depth: iu chnh chiu su ca ct biu .
Direction: iu chnh gc nhn ca biu 3 chiu.
- Layout: Dng iu chnh cch sp xp cc d liu thnh phn trong mt
nhm/chui d liu. Phn Type cho php chn cc kiu Clustered, Stacked, Percent v True
3D Column. Chn kiu trnh by biu v xem s thay i ca biu mu bn tri
quyt nh chn kiu no ng . Tu chn Dual Axes cho php biu din d liu theo hai trc
tung trn biu , mt s bn ghi theo mt trc tung v mt s bn ghi khc theo trc tung
th hai. Nu nh du tu chn ny th ta c thm mt tu chn na pha di l Split Dual
Axes. Tu chn ny cho php tch d liu ra lm hai nhm v biu din trn hai th nm
cnh nhau. Xem s thay i tng ng ca biu mu bn tri chn.
- Data Labels: Dn nhn d liu ln biu , mc nh tu chn ny tt i. Nu nh
du vo Show Data labels th cc tu chn Labels Location v Label Format hin ln.
Labels Location: Chnh v tr ca gi tr d liu, c 4 tu chn l Outside Maximum
(gi tr d liu nm trn u v ngoi tng ct biu ), Inside Maximum (nm trong biu
v trn cng), Center (nm ngay gia biu ) v Base of Chart (nm ngay di y biu
). Xem s thay i tng ng biu mu bn tri khi chn cc kiu khc nhau.
Label Format cho php chn cch dn thng tin ln biu . C 3 tu chn l Value
(dn nhn l gi tr d liu), Label (dn nhn l tn trng c chn dn nhn) v Value &
Lables (dn nhn c hai thng tin trn). Nu dn nhn l gi tr d liu ln biu th phn
Number s hin r ln cho php nh dng kiu d liu.
- Numbers: Chn cc kiu nh dng d liu khc nhau. Khi chn mc ny ta c
Category cho php chn hin th d liu thao cc nh dng khc nhau. Ta c cc kiu sau:
General (kiu tng qut, khng nh dng), Number (kiu s), Currency (kiu tin t), Date
(kiu ngy thng), Time (kiu thi gian), Percent (kiu t l phn trm), Fraction (kiu phn
s), Scientific (kiu s khoa hc, s m ca logarit Neper), Special (kiu c bit). Mi tu
chn ny khi c chn li c mt s ni dung khc chi tit hn cho tng loi.
- Dual Y Options: Ch hin ln khi chn Dual Axes trong mc Layout.
Phn ny cho php ta chn nhng bn ghi no hin th trn trc tung s cp (Primary
Y1 Axis) v nhng bn ghi no hin th trn trc tung th cp (Secondary Y2 Axis). Gia hai
ct ny c mt nt lnh hnh mi tn nt cho php ta chn bn ghi v chuyn chng qua li
gia hai ct.
- Look: Bao gm hai phn chnh l Color Mode v Show Legend.

Color Mode: Dng chn kiu t mu biu . C hai tu chn l Color by Series
(t mu biu khc nhau cho tng gi tr c th trong nhm/chui d liu) v Color by
Category (t mu biu theo nhm/chui d liu, nu chn mc ny cc gi tr d liu c
th trong tng nhm s c cng mu).
Show Legend cho php bt/tt phn ch gii ca biu .
Phn Markers and Text cho php chnh ni dung v v tr ca ch gii. Chn tng kiu
v xem s thay i tng ng ca biu mu bn tri. Phn Layout cho php chnh v tr
ca ch gii so vi v tr biu . Phn Box Style cho php chnh ng vin ca ch gii,
bao gm cc tu chn No Frame, Single Line Frame,Double Line Frame, Beveled Frame
(khung bng xui) v Reverse Beveled Frame (khung bng ngc).
- Display Status: bt/tt cc yu t chnh ca biu . Phn Axes c hai tu chn l
Category Axis (bt tt tn trc honh)v Value Axis (bt/tt tn trc tung). Phn Major Grid
v Minor Grid cho php bt/tt cc ng li chnh v ph theo chiu trc honh v trc
tung tng ng bn tri. Hai tu chn di cng l Legend v Data
Labels cho php bt/tt ch gii v nhn.
* Lnh Series Options
Series Options cho php iu chnh mt thnh phn ring l ca biu (tc mt bn
ghi trong bng d liu). iu chnh, dng cng c chn nhp chut vo thnh phn
trn biu hay trn ch gii ri chn Graph > Series Options. Hp thoi Series Options m
ra cho php ta iu chnh hnh dng cng nh cc thit lp v nhn ca phn c chn.
* Lnh Grid and Scales
Lnh ny cho php iu chnh cc ng li nh v cng nh hnh dng ca biu
Y1 Axis v Category Axis. Khi chn mt trong hai menu ny th cc ni dung cc mc trn
hng ngang thay i tng ng.
- Y1 Axis: Gm cc ni dung sau
+ General: Cho php chnh v tr trc tung. N bao gm cc tu chn
Axis on Left: V trc tung bn tri biu .
Axis on Right: V trc tung bn phi.
Axis on Both Sides: V trc tung c hai bn.
Make this a Descending Axis: nh du tu chn ny s cho php v biu theo
chiu ngc t trn xung - tc trc tung nm trn u ct biu .
+ Scale: Cho php iu chnh cc t l biu din d liu trn trc tung. N bao gm cc
tu chn:
Use Logarithmic Scale on this Axis: Chm khong cch gi tr trn trc tung theo t l
logarit.
Always Include Zero in This Scale: Trc tung lun c gi tr zero gc th).
Use Manual Settings for Maximum Value: iu chnh thit lp theo gi tr ti a.
Use Manual Settings for Minimum Value: iu chnh thit lp theo gi tr ti thiu tc gc th l gi tr nh nht.
+ Labels: C mt tu chn l Show Labels for this Axis, dng hin th nhn ca trc
ny trn biu . Nu nh du tu chn ny th s c hai tu chn na:
Dont Show Maximum Value Label: Khng hin th nhn c gi tr ln nht.
Dont Show Minimum Value Label: Khng hin th nhn c gi tr nh nht.

+ Number: nh dng s liu, tng t mc Number ca phn General Options.


+ Grid: Chnh cc ng li nh v ca biu . Mc ny c hai phn l Major
Gridlines (ng li chnh)v Minor Gridlines (ng li ph). Ni dung ca hai hp
thoi ny ging nhau, bao gm cc ty chn:
Show Gridlines: Nu nh du phn ny th bn di ni ln Grid Style. ny dng
chn nh dng kiu ng chia li, gm cc tu chn RegularGrids, Grids and Ticks,
Inner Ticks, Outer Ticks v Spanning Ticks.
Use Manual Grids: Nu nh du th Interval Value pha di ni ln cho php chn
khong gi tr gia cc ng li.
Draw Custom Line At: Nu nh du th ta c th v mt ng chy song song vi
trc honh v cch trc honh mt khong gi tr do ta np vo gi tr bn phi tu chn
ny.
- Category Axis: Bao gm 3 phn.
+ General: Cho php chnh v tr trc honh, gm 3 tu chn l Axis on Bottom (v trc
honh di y), Axis on Top (v trc honh pha trn) v Axis on Both Sides (v trc honh
c trn ln di). Di cng l tu chn Draw Categories in Reverse Order. nh du
vo tu chn ny s khin cho biu c v vi th t cc nhm/chui d liu ngc
li. Ty chn ny khng c tc dng nu ta ch chn v mt nhm d liu trn biu .
+ Labels: iu chnh vic bt/tt tn ca trc honh (l tn trng c c s dng
v biu ). Nu nh du chn vo Show Labels for this Axis th c hai tu chn na pha
di l Stagger Labels (Nhn c ng ch) v Use manual Numbers of Categories.
+ Grids: C cc tu chn tng t nh trong mc Grids ca phn trc tung.
* Lnh Titles
Phn ny cho php ta chnh ni dung cc tiu trong ca s biu . N bao gm cc
tu chn sau:
- Title: nh du ny s m tn chnh ca biu ln. bn tri dng g li tn
biu .
- Subtitle: Bt/tt v chnh ni dung ca tiu ph.
- Footnote: Bt/tt chn v g ni dung ca n.
- Category Title: Bt/tt v g tn (tiu ) ca nhm d liu.
- Value Title (Y1): Bt/tt v sa tn ca trc tung (trc gi tr).
* Lnh 3D View Angle
Lnh ny ch hin ln nu trong phn Graph > General Options > Layout ta chn True
3D Column. Phn 3D View Angle ny gip iu chnh chiu su v gc nhn ca biu kiu
3 chiu. Chn lnh ny s m hp thoi Choose a viewing Angle, cho php ta chn 10 gc
nhn khc nhau ca biu 3D theo mu. Pha trn cn c nt Advanced Options dng
chnh gc nhn ca biu chi tit hn na.
c. Lu biu
Biu c lu li bng lnh File > Save Workspace. Trong trng hp c nhiu ca
s biu c to ra v ta dng lnh Save Workspace th MapInfo s lu mi ca s biu
di mt tn ring c ui m rng l .3tf trong cng th mc vi tn tp tin workspace
c lu. Tn ca tp tin workspace s c dng [tn workspace], [tn biu ].3tf; trong

[tn workspace] l tn tp tin phin lm vic m ta ang mun lu v [tn biu ] l tn ca


ca s biu c to ra.

Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 8. To biu
T c s d liu thuc tnh v dn s cc n v hnh chnh ca tnh Tha Thin Hu, hy to biu
dn s, biu t l dn s nam/n.

5.1.3. Gn nhn cho i tng


Vic gn nhn (a danh) cho i tng trn bn c th thc hin bng phng php
t ng hay bng cng c to i tng ch trn thanh cng c Main.
Cch gn nhn t ng:
- Chn Map > Layer Control.
- Chn lp mun gn nhn, chn Label , trong Label with, chn trng mun gn
nhn (v d: ten).
- Chnh kiu ch thnh ting Vit, ch hoa, c ch 5; nh du chn vo Halo trong
phn Background.
- Lm xong chn OK hai ln, cc nhn c hin th trn bn .
Sau khi cc nhn hin ln, cn kim tra v chnh sa v tr cc nhn nu cn thit.
chnh v tr mt nhn, nhp chut p vo nhn , hp thoi Label Options m ra v ta
thc hin cc iu chnh cn thit.

Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 9. Gn nhn cho i tng
- Hy gn nhn tn hnh chnh cho lp hnh chnh vng bn hnh chnh Tha Thin Hu thit lp
(i vi cc i tng nhp d liu thuc tnh).
- M rng: S dng trnh ca MapBasic chuyn i cc label thnh cc text trn bn (?)

5.1.4. To ch gii
Ch gii trn bn ta c th to bng phng php th cng hay t ng. To ch
gii bng phng php th cng bng cch to cc i tng ch, ng, vng, im bng
cch cng c to i tng trn thanh cng c Main.
To ch gii bng phng php t ng c tin hnh nh sau.
- T menu chnh chn Map > Create Legend. Hp thoi Create Legend - Step 1 of 3 m ra.
+ Legend Frames lit k tt c cc lp bn ang c m v c th lm ch gii.
+ Layers lit k tt c cc lp bn khng lm ch gii.
thm hay bt cc lp lm ch gii, ta chn nt Add hay Remove. C th chnh th t
ch gii bng cch chn mt lp ri nhn nt Uphay Down di chuyn lp c chn ln
hay xung. Nn xp cc ch gii cng kiu chung vi nhau, v ci no quan trng nn xp
trc.
Chn Next. Hp thoi Create Legend - Step 2 of 3 m ra.

+ iu chnh phn Legend Properties:


Window Title cho php ta t tn cho ca s ch gii.
Scroll Bars hin th thanh cun ngang v ng trn ca s ch gii.
Portrait hin th ch gii theo kiu ng.
Landscape hin th ch gii theo kiu ngang.
+ iu chnh trong phn Legend Frame Defaults:
Title Pattern chnh kiu ch cho tiu ca ch gii. Chn nt Aa, hp thoi Text
Style m ra, chnh kiu ch.
Style Name Pattern chnh kiu ch cho ni dung ch gii, hp thoi Text Style m ra,
chnh kiu.
+ Subtitle Pattern(tiu ph) c th c hoc khng.
+ Border Style: iu chnh kiu ng vin cho khung ch gii, hp thoi Line Style
m ra, chn kiu ng.
- Thc hin xong cc mc trn chn Next. Hp thoi Create Legend - Step 3 of 3 m ra.
+ Legend Frames lit k danh sch cc lp c chn trong bc 1. Khi nhp chut
chn mt lp no th ta c th iu chnh ch gii cho lp cc ni dung bn phi.
+ Title: t tn tiu ch gii, ch g ting Vit cho ng.
+ Subtiles: t tn tiu ch gii ph.
Gi nguyn tu chn Unique Map Styles trong phn Styles from.
+ Label Styles with: Chn trng dn nhn cho kiu. Trong trng hp mun to
ra ch gii mi, chn Expression ri chn OK.
Lm tng t i vi cc lp khc. Tuy nhin mc tittle ta ch s dng ch CH
GII ca lp u tin lm tiu chung
- Nhp chut chn Finish kt thc. Ta thy ch gii c to thnh trong mt ca s
c tn l CHU GIAI.
- iu chnh li ni dung ca ch gii, click doup vo i tng cn hiu chnh hoc
t menu chnh chn Legend > Properties. Hp thoi Legend Frame Properties ca lp
thanh_pho m ra.
+ Trong Styles: Th hin cc biu tng v ch gii mc nh. Click chn ni dung
mun hiu chnh v sa ti Edit selected text here pha di.
+ Tng t nh vy ln lt nhp chut vo cc biu tng v cc ch gii mc nh
cn li sa li ni dung ch gii
+ Lm xong chn OK.
Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 10. To ch gii
- To ch gii t ng cho bn
- To ch gii th cng cho bn
- So snh hai cch thc to ch gii trn

5.1.5. Lm li ta

lm li to , ta phi s dng mt trong nhng tnh nng m rng ca MapInfo,


l chng trnh MapBasic.
a. Cch lm li to
- Chn Tools > Run MapBasic Program; theo mc nh, MapInfo s m th mc Tools
ra v lit k danh sch cc trnh MapBasic.
- Chn GRIDMAKR ri chn Open. Nt lnh Create Grid c thm vo thnh cng
c Tools. Ngoi ra nu ta m menu Tools, trn menu ny c thm dng lnh Grid Maker (to
li). Nhp chut chn nt ny.
- Khi di chuyn chut tr li ca s bn , con tr chut bin thnh hnh du cng. Ta
gi nt chut tri v r chut theo ng cho qua vng ta mun lm li ta , hp thoi
Grid Maker (Version 1.3) m ra.
+ Phn Extents: Lit k bn cn ranh gii ca vng ta r chut, c th thay i cc gi tr
trong ny nu mun. Round Extents: Lm trn cc gi tr gi tr cc cn ca vng r chut.
+ Phn Object Types:
Straight Polylines: To li dng cc ng, trn c th th hin to ca chng.
Closed Regions: To li dng cc vng l cc vung v ta khng c to ca cc
ng li m cc vung c nh s th t theo kiu A1, B1,...).
+ Phn Objects Styles: iu chnh kiu ng cho li ta .
+ Phn Spacing between lines: Xc nh khong cch gia hai ng li to lin
nhau, n v tnh c th bng (degrees), feet hay mt; gi s ta chn degrees v np gi tr
l 1 ().
+ Phn Smoothness:Quy nh s nt trn mt on ca mt ng li to nm gia
hai ng li to lin nhau vung gc vi n. Gi tr mc nh l 4 nt.
+ Phn New Table hin th v tr th mc lu li to bng cch chn nt Browse.
+ Nt Projection: Chn h quy chiu cho li to . Nu khng thay i g th h quy
chiu c s dng s l h quy chiu ca ca s bn hin hnh c v li to .
Xong chn OK.
- MapInfo s t ng tnh ton s li to s c v cch u nhau mt gi tr
do ta np vo Spacing between lines v hin th mt hp thoi hi ta c ng s li
to hay khng. Nu ng vi s lng li ta th ta chn OK, nu khng ta
c th chn Cancel np li gi tr trong Spacing between lines.
- Trn ca s bn s xut hin mt li to . Ta t tn cho bng ny v nhn nt
Save lu li li to mi to thnh.
Bng d liu ca lp ny bao gm hai ct, mt ct c tn l Degrees, ct kia l DMS.
ngha ca hai ct ny nh sau:
- Ct Degrees: To ca cc ng li to c np vo v tnh bng thp
phn, tuy nhin trong trng hp ny v khong cch ta np trong Spacing between lines l
1 () nn to trong ct ny khng c s l.
- Ct DMS: To ca cc ng li to c tnh bng - Pht - Giy (Degree
- Minute - Second).
D liu trong bng ny hon ton ging vi cc bng MapInfo bnh thng v ta c th
p dng lnh dn nhn a to ln hin th trn bn .

b. Cch a to ln li trn ca s bn
- T menu chnh chn Map >Layer Control.
- nh du vo ct dn nhn hng luoi_1_do.
- Nhp chut chn nt Label. Trong Label with, chn DMS. Trong phn Styles, chnh
kiu ch l Halo v chn None phn Label lines.
- Chn OK hai ln.
Cc nhn to c dn ln bn . Khi thc hin dn nhn to t ng, MapInfo
dn nhn ngay gia trung tm ca ca s bn .
Cch dn nhn t ng kiu ny kh bt tin v n chim phn khng gian hin th ni
dung ca bn . Thng thng th cc to ca li to nn c t cnh mp ca
bn . Nu mun lm nh vy th ta phi dn nhn th cng. Cch lm:
- Chn Map >Layer Control, b chn trong ct dn nhn ca hng luoi_1_do.
- Nhp chut vo nt Label. Trong Label with chn DMS.
- Trong phn kiu ch cho nhn, chn kiu v c ch cho ph hp
- Chn OK hai ln
- Chn nt dn nhn trn thanh cng c Main.
- Nhp chut ln mt ng li to vng gn mp bn , nhn s xut hin.
- Ln lt nhp chut ln tng ng li to no m ta mun dn nhn. Thng
thng th nhn to nn t mt bn ca bn , v d cc nhn cho li kinh t
mp trn ca bn cn cc nhn cho li v nn t mp tri ca bn .
5.1.6. To thc t l
Thc t l cng c to bng mt trnh MapBasic. Cch lm nh sau:
- Chn Tools >Run MapBasic Program. Hp thoi Run Mapbasic Program m ra.
- Chn SCALEBAR ri chn Open. Trn thanh cng c Tools xut hin thm mt nt
lnh na c hnh ci thc t l thu nh.
- Chn nt lnh ny , di chuyn con tr chut trn ca s bn , con tr chut chuyn
thnh hnh du cng.
- Chn v tr t thc t l v nhp chut, hp thoi Draw Distance Scale in Mapper
(Version 3.5) m ra.
+ Units: Chn n v cho thc t l
+ Width of Scale Bar: Chn chiu rng thc t l.
+ Width to Height Ratio: Chn t l chiu cao thc t l (Theo mc nh t l ny l
20:1). Tu theo t l bn v kch thc ca ca s bn m MapInfo t ng tnh ton
kch c ca thc t l cho ph hp.
+ Fill color for scale bar: Chn nn mu cho thc t l.
+ Pen color for scale bar: Chn mu cho ng vin ca thc t l.
+ Font for scale bar labels: nh dng font ch cho thc t l.
+ Adjust Font size to Match Scale: Chn mc ny nhm MapInfo t ng iu chnh
c ch sao cho ph hp vi kch thc ca thc t l.
- Xong chn OK.
ng dng ny s v mt thc t l ti v tr nhp chut ban u.
5.1.7. To kim ch nam (phng hng)

Kim ch nam l biu tng ch hng Bc. Tu bn m ta chn v tr ca kim ch


nam cho ph hp. Cch lm nh sau:
- Chn Map > Layer Control, nh du vo ct chnh sa lp Cosmetic Layer.
- Chn nt cng c v im .
- Nhp chut chm mt im ngay v tr d nh t kim ch nam.
- Chn nt tr li.
- Nhp chut ln biu tng mi to chn n.
- Chn nt nh dng kiu biu tng trn thanh cng c Drawing, hp thoi Symbol
Style m ra.
+ Font: Chn MapInfo Arrows v chn kiu biu tng ta mun.
+ Size: Chnh kch thc biu tng trong .
+ Sample: Hnh mu tng ng vi php chn.
+ Background: Chn nn cho biu tng trong phn.
+ Effects: Chn hiu ng cho biu tng.
- Xong chn OK.
Kim ch nam c hon tt. C th nhp chut tri ln n v r chut di chuyn v
tr sao cho ph hp. Ta c th lu cch trnh by ny li thnh mt bng ring bng lnh
Map > Save Cosmetic Objects. Nu thc hin lnh File >Save Workspace th cc i tng
trong lp Cosmetic vn c gi nguyn khi m tp tin workspace ln sau.

Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 11. To li, thc t l, kim ch nam cho bn
- To li cho bn
- To to bng cch gn nhn hoc g text th cng
Lu : nh c ch ta bm t hp phm Alt + 0186 (phn s bm phn numlock trn bn phm)
hoc ta copy thng tin v to ca i tng.
- To thc t l v kim ch nam cho bn

5.2. SP XP TH T CC LP D LIU
Chc nng ny c thc hin trong ca s Layer Control. sp xp th t cc lp
d liu ta vo Map> Layer Control hay click biu tng tng ng khi ang lm vic trn
mt ca s bn .
Thng thng tt c cc lp d liu c m u xut hin trong vng Layer trn
ca s Layer Control, nhng i khi t l vng nhn ln nn c th nm ngoi gii hn ca
mt lp d liu no nn lp d liu ny khng hin din trong ca s bn hot ng.
Phn Layer lit k danh sch cc lp ang m trong ca s bn ang c kch
hot. Danh sch ny sp xp theo th t t trn xung di, ngha l tn lp no trn th
lp hin ln pha trn. Th t cc lp ny do ngi dng iu chnh sao cho hp l avf
ph thuc vo ni dung cn trnh by. Theo ch mc nh, lp kiu vng s nm di cng
ri n lp kiu ng v trn cng l lp kiu im. Trong trng hp hai hay nhiu lp c
cng kiu th ta phi chn cch sp xp sao cho hp l.
thay i th t trn di ca mt lp, ta chn tn lp ri nhp chut vo hai nt
Up hay Down trong phn Recorder di chuyn lp c chn ln hay xung. Ta cng c th

di chuyn nhanh hn bng cch gi phm chut tri trn tn ca mt lp v r chit di


chuyn lp ln hay xung.
thm mt lp d liu m vo mt ca s bn click vo khung Add trong ca
s Layer Control cc lp d liu mun thm vo v click vo khung Add.
5.3. TRNH BY BN
5.3.1. iu chnh phn mun trnh by
Sau khi thit lp cc lp cn thit theo ni dung bn cn to ta tin hnh iu chnh
phn trnh by a ra trang in (Layout). Cc bc iu chnh phn trnh by c tin
hnh nh sau:
- T Menu chnh, chn File>Open table. Chn cc lp (table) cn thit cho bn
in. chn hai hay nhiu lp mt ln ta gi phm <Ctrl>.
- Nu ca s khng hin th ht ni dung ca cc lp ( phng i qu ln so vi kch
thc ca s), ta chn Map> View Entire Layer, trong hp thoi View Entire Layer, chn All
Layers > OK. Bn s c iu chnh v mt t l sao cho hin th c ton b cc lp.
- Chn nt v r chut theo ng cho qua vng cn hin th, vng s c phng
to sao cho chim phn ti a trn ca s bn .
- Chnh kch thc ca s bn sao cho ph hp vi hnh dng vng cn hin th.
Hng mi tn trn ng cho l hng r chut. Vng nm trong ng chm chm hnh
ch nht s c phng to ht ca s bn hin ti.
Nu mun a thm mt ca s bn khc (ca s ch gii, bn ph) iu chnh vo
trang in th ta thc hin nh sau:
T Menu chnh, chn File> Open Table. M cc lp bn cn thit, mc Preferred
View chn ch New Mapper. Tin hnh cc iu chnh phn trnh by tng t nh trn.
Ta c th m thm cc ca s khc nh ca s d liu thuc tnh, ca s biu
a ra trang in.
5.3.2. T l bn
C hai loi t l bn , l t l bn trn ca s bn v t l bn trn ca
s trnh by.
a. T l bn trn ca s bn
Khi m cc lp bn , ta c th nhn thy thng tin v t l bn trn thanh trng
thi di cng. Khi mt ca s bn c kch hot, gc tri ca thanh trng thi c mt
hin th ch Zoom v mt s o khong cch (V d: Zoom: 1,000 km). Con s ny cho ta
bit kch thc chiu ngang ca ca s bn . Khi phng to hay thu nh bn th s o
trong Zoom ny cng thay i theo tng ng. Di chuyn con tr chut vo gia ny, con
tr chut bin thnh hnh bn tay c ngn tr ch ln, nhp chut trn Zoom s m ra mt
menu nh cho php ta chn ch hin th trong ny vi 3 tu chn:
- Zoom (Window Width): Hin th chiu rng ca ca s bn hin hnh (tu chn
mc nh).
- Map Scale: Hin th t l ca bn .
- Cursor Location: Hin to v tr con chut khi di chuyn trn ca s bn . To
hin th c th l kinh /v hay n v khc tu theo h quy chiu ca bn ang
c m trn ca s.

iu chnh t l bn trn ca s bn ta dng lnh Change View. Cch lm nh


sau:
- Kch hot ca s bn mun thay i t l bng cch nhp chut ln thanh tiu
ca ca s.
- T menu chnh chn Map> Change View hay chn nhanh bng nt trn thanh cng
c Main. Hp thoi Change View m ra, bao gm cc ni dung sau:
+ Zoom (Window Width): Cho bit kch thc ngang ca ca s bn .
+ Map Scale: Cho bit t l ca bn trn ca s hin hnh.
+ Center of Window: Cho bit to im gia ca ca s bn .
thay thay t l bn ta g gi tr vo Map Scale. V d 1cm = 100 km.
T l bn trn ca s bn dng phc v cho qu trnh bin chnh bn , xem
xt b cc, kim tra v tr nhn, Font ch, kch c ch v.v v ch nhm mc ch nhn thy r
cc ni dung sp xp cc lp bn v trnh by cho p v hp l m thi.
b. T l bn trn ca s trnh by
T l bn trn ca s trnh by chnh l t l bn lc in thnh phm. Khi kch
hot mt ca s bn ri dng lnh Window > New Layout Window a n vo ca s
trnh by th MapInfo s a ca s vo mt khung v t ng iu chnh khung sao
cho n chim ht trang giy mc nh. Do vy khi chuyn ca s bn c mt t l bit
sang mt khung trong ca s trnh by th t l bn trong khung b thay i sao cho chim
ht trang giy v t l ny s khc vi t l trn ca s bn .
Mun bit t l bn trn ca s trnh by, nhp chut p vo khung cha bn .
Hp thoi Frame Object m ra, c cc thng tin:
- Window: ny cho bit ca s bn no ang c t trong khung c chn.
- Cc Bound X1, Y1; X2, Y2 cho bit v tr cc gc ca khung trn trang giy.
- Cc Width v Height cho ta bit kch thc khung.
- Fill Frame with Contents: Mc nh c nh du, nu tt tu chn ny th khung
c chn ch l khung rng, khng cha ca s no c.
- Scale on Paper: ny cho bit t l bn trn giy. y chnh l t l lc in ra.
Mun thay i t l bn khi in ra, g t l vo Scale on Paper. V d nu mun
bn in ra c t l l 1:50.000 ta s g 1 cm = 0.5 km. Lu rng nu in bn th t l
trn trang Trnh by mi l t l bn lc in ra.
5.4. CHUN B BN TRONG CA S LAYOUT
Sau khi chun b cc lp bn v trnh by mt cch tng i y , tip theo ta s
a cc thnh phn ca bn ln ca s Trnh by (Layout) c kt qu cui cng. Cch
lm nh sau:
- Kch hot li ca s bn trnh by a ra trang in.
- Chn Windows > New Layout Window, hp thoi New Layout Window m ra. Gi
nguyn mc nh One Frame for Window v chn ca s bn mun a ra trang Layout.
- Chn OK. Ca s Layout m ra vi ca s bn c trnh by trong mt trang in.
Lc ca s bn c chn s c phng ln ra cho ht trang giy mc nh trn ca
s trnh by.

- iu chnh kh giy ca trang bn bng lnh File > Page Setup cho ph hp vi
kh giy ta mun in sau ny.
Ta cng c th iu chnh phn ni dung bn hin th bng cch thu nh ca s
Layout li (khng ng) ri quay li ca s bn v iu chnh trn ca s bn (lu
khi iu chnh ta nn ng t l mun in. Lm xong chn Window > Layout ( phn di
cng ca menu th xung ny) hin th li ca s Layout v xem kt qu. S iu chnh
phn hin th trn ca s bn s lm cho phn ni dung bn hin th trong ca s
Layout thay i theo.
- Mun iu chnh t l bn trn ca s trnh by, nhp chut p vo khung cha
bn v hp thoi Frame Object m ra, chnh t l cn in mc Scale on Paper.
- Nhp chut ln gia khung bn mi iu chnh t l xong v gi chut tri ri r
chut ko khung bn vo gia trang trnh by, nh cha khong trng trn u
trang trnh by g tn bn sau ny.
- thm 1 ca s bn (bn ph) ta nhp chut chn cng c v khung trn
thanh cng c Drawing. Lu rng nt cng c ny ch s dng c khi ca s Layout
c kch hot. Di chuyn con tr chut tr li ca s Layout, con tr chut bin thnh hnh
du cng. Gi phm chut tri v r chut to thnh mt hnh ch nht trn trang trnh
by v tr no cng c. Khi th chut ra, hp thoi Frame Object s m ra. Window
trn cng nhp chut vo mi tn th xung v chn ca s bn th hai mun a vo.
Xong chn OK, khung mi c v s c thm 1 ca s bn mi. Nhp chut p ln
khung ny iu chnh t l li sao cho n ch chim khong 1/4 gc trn phi ca khung
bn kia. Gi chut tri gia khung ny v ko n v st gc trn phi ca khung bn
kia.
- S dng lnh thm khung tng t nh trn chn ch gii ca ca s n cc v tr
thch hp.
- t tn cho bn , ta di chuyn cc thnh phn trong trang Layout cha ch cho
tn bn trn u trang giy.
+ Chn Query > Select All, tt c cc thnh phn ca bn (gm khung bn v
khung ch gii) c chn.
+ Gi phm chut tri trn phn ni dung c chn v r chut di chuyn tt c
sao cho ph hp vi trang giy v cha ch cho tn bn .
+ Chn nt nh dng kiu ch trn thanh cng c Drawing, nh dng kiu ch cho
tn bn trong hp thoi Text Style.
+ Chn nt g k t, nhp chut vo phn u trang bn v bt u g tn bn .
G xong chn cng c chn trn thanh cng c Main kt thc.
+ Kim tra li tn bn c ph hp vi kch thc bn hay khng, nhp chut p
ln phn tn bn vo hp thoi nh dng kiu ch, chnh li c ch nu cn; gi chut
tri trn phn tn bn di chuyn n n v tr ph hp.
- Lu li nhng trnh by ny bng lnh File > Save Workspace. Hp thoi Save
Workspace m ra. t tn cho bn trong File name, chn th mc lu tp tin ny
trong Save in; lu rng nh dng ca kiu tp tin trong Save as type l Workspace
(*.wor).

- Xong chn Save.


Nh vy nhng trnh by ca bn trn s c lu li. Nu mun m bn ra in
sau ny, ta lm nh sau:
- Chn File > Open workspace, hp thoi Open Workspace m ra.
- Vo th mc lu tp tin Workspace v chn n.
- Chn Open th ton b trang trnh by bn s c m ra li.
Trong ging dy, khi trng hp khng c phng tin in n ta c th chuyn sang
Power point bng cch:
T ca s Layout: File>Save Window as v lu li vi ui file .bmp hoc .jpg. Mun
trnh chiu bn thnh lp c ta ch m Powerpoint v Insert ta s c kt qu nh
mun.
Bi tp ng dng
Bi tp 12. Bin tp v trnh by trang in bn
Bin tp v trnh by bn dn c tnh Tha Thin Hu
- Sp xp cc lp thng tin bn , bin tp li cc i tng cho ph hp.
- a ra trang in cc ni dung: lnh th nghin cu, ch gii, biu , bng s liu, trnh by c giy
A3.
- In bn

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