Phn loi Tnh Cch Jung Myers-Briggs (MBTI)

y l mt phng php phn loi tnh cch da trn cc nghin cu

ca nh tm l hc ngi Thy S Carl Gustav Jung v c Isabel Myer
v Katherine Briggs b sung. Phng php ny da trn nguyn l ca
Jung cho rng c th phn loi tnh cch con ngi da trn 3 tiu ch:
hng ni/hng ngoi; trc gic/gic quan; l tr/tnh cm. Mc ch
chnh ca Jung khng phi l phn loi tnh cch, ng ch cn mt h
thng phn loi h tr cho cc nghin cu ca ng v thc v v
thc. Trong h thng phn loi ca Jung, khng c nhm no tt, nhm
no xu, nhng Jung nhn xt rng: cng mt s vt hin tng s gy
ra nhng suy ngh, cm xc, phn ng khc nhau cho nhng ngi
khc nhau. Ba yu t c bn nh hng n suy ngh, cm xc v phn
ng ca mt con ngi l: xu hng t nhin ca ngi - hng
ni/hng ngoi; cch thc m ngi tm hiu v nhn thc th gii
bn ngoi - trc gic/gic quan; v cch thc m ngi quyt nh,
a ra la chn: l tr/tnh cm. Sau ny, Briggs/Myer b sung tiu ch
th 4: nguyn tc/linh hot. T 4 tiu ch ny, Briggs/Myer a ra 2^4
= 16 nhm tnh cch. Tn ca mi nhm u c 4 ch ci, i din cho
4 tiu chun phn loi.
16 Nhm MBTI
ENFP

INFP

ENFJ

INFJ

ESTJ

ISTJ

ESFJ

ISFJ

ENTP

INTP

ENTJ

INTJ

ESTP

ISTP

ESFP

ISFP

4 Tiu ch phn loi tnh cch MBTI

Tiu ch 1 - Xu hng t nhin: Extraverted (Hng ngoi)/Introverted (Hng
ni)
Mi ngi u c 2 biu hin: Hng ngoi - hng v th gii bn ngoi gm cc hot
ng, con ngi, vt... Hng ni - hng vo ni tm, bao gm ngh, t tng, tr
tng tng. y l 2 mt i lp nhng b sung ln nhau. Tuy nhin, mt mt s chim
u th trong vic pht trin tnh cch v nh hng n cch ng x
Cc c im ca nhm Extraverted:
Hnh ng trc ht, suy ngh v
cn nhc sau

Cc c im ca nhm Introverted:
Suy ngh v cn nhc k lng
trc khi hnh ng

Cm thy kh s nu b cch ly vi
th gii bn ngoi

Cn c mt khong thi gian ring

t ng k np nng lng

Hng th vi con ngi, s vic

xung quanh

Hng th vi i sng ni tm, i

khi t c lp vi th gii bn ngoi

Qung giao, thch tip xc vi nhiu

ngi

Thch ni chuyn tay i

Nu y l cc c im ca bn th ch ci
Nu y l cc c im ca bn th ch ci u tin trong MBTI ca bn l I
u tin trong MBTI ca bn l E
Tiu ch 2 - Cch tm hiu v nhn thc th gii: Sensation (Gic quan)/iNtuition
(Trc gic):
Trung tm "Gic quan" trong no b ch n cc chi tit lin quan n hnh nh, m
thanh, mi v... ca hin ti c a n t cc gic quan ca c th. N phn loi, sp
xp v ghi nhn nhng chi tit ca cc s kin thc t ang din ra. N cng cung cp cc
thng tin chi tit ca cc s kin xy ra trong qu kh. Trung tm "Trc gic" ca no
b chu trch nhim tm hiu, din dch, v hnh thnh cc m hnh t thng tin thu thp
c; sp xp cc m hnh v lin h chng vi nhau. N gip cho no b suy on cc
kh nng v tin on tng lai.
Mc d c hai cch nhn thc u cn thit v c mi ngi s dng, nhng mi ngi
chng ta c xu hng thch cch ny hn cch kia

Cc c im ca nhm Sensation:
Sng vi hin ti

Cc c im ca nhm iNtuition:
Hay ngh n tng lai

Thch cc gii php n gin v

thc t

S dng tr tng tng, hay sng

to ra nhng kh nng mi

C tr nh tt v cc chi tit ca
nhng s kin trong qu kh

Thng ch nh n chnh v cc
mi lin h

Gii p dng kinh nghim

Gii vn dng l thuyt

Thch cc thng tin r rng, chc

chn; khng thch phng on hoc
nhng s vic khng r rng

Thoi mi vi s nhp nhng, hay

thng tin khng r rng

Nu y l cc c im ca bn th ch ci
Nu y l cc c im ca bn th ch ci th 2 trong MBTI ca bn l N
th 2 trong MBTI ca bn l S
Tiu ch 3 - Cch quyt nh v la chn: Thinking (L tr)/Feeling (Tnh cm):
Pha "L tr" trong no b con ngi phn tch thng tin mt cch khch quan, lm vic
da trn ng/sai, suy lun v a ra kt lun mt cch c h thng. N l bn cht logic
ca con ngi. Pha cm gic ca no b a ra quyt nh da trn xem xt tng th;
yu/ght; tc ng qua li ln nhau; v cc gi tr nhn o hay thm m. l bn cht
ch quan ca con ngi. Mi ngi u dng c 2 cch a ra cc quyt nh, nhng
mt cch t nhin mi ngi u thin v hoc l l tr, hoc l tnh cm khi a ra quyt
nh ca mnh

Cc c im ca nhm Thinking:
Lun tm kim s kin v logic
a ra kt lun

Ch n cc nhim v, cng vic

cn phi hon thnh mt cch t
nhin
a ra cc phn tch ph phn v c
mc ch mt cch d dng
Chp nhn xung t l mt phn t
nhin trong mi quan h gia ngi
vi ngi.

Cc c im ca nhm Feeling:
Xem xt cm gic c nhn v nh
hng n ngi khc trc khi a
ra quyt nh

Mt cch t nhin, d xc ng
trc nhu cu hay phn ng ca
ngi khc.

Tm kim s nht tr hay kin ca

a s

Kh x khi c xung t

Nu y l cc c im ca bn th ch ci
Nu y l cc c im ca bn th ch ci th 3 trong MBTI ca bn l F
th 3 trong MBTI ca bn l T
Tiu ch 4 - Cch thc hnh ng: Judging (Nguyn tc)/Perceiving (Linh hot):
Tiu chun 4 lin quan n cch thc m mi ngi la chn tc ng ti th gii bn
ngoi. Phong cch Judging tip cn th gii mt cch c k hoch, c t chc, c chun
b, quyt nh v t n mt kt cc r rng. Phong cch Perceiving tip cn th gii
mt cch t nhin, tm cch thch nghi vi hon cnh, thch mt kt cc b ng, chp
nhn nhng c hi mi, v chp nhn thay i k hoch
Cc c im ca nhm Judging:
Cc c im ca nhm Perceiving:
C k hoch chu a trc khi hnh
C th hnh ng m khng cn lp
ng
k hoch; lp k hoach ty theo tnh
hnh
Tp trung vo cc hot ng c tinh
Thch lm nhiu vic cng lc,
nhim v; hon tt cc cng on
quan trng trc khi tip tc
khng phn bit gia cng vic v
tr chi
Lm vic tt nht v khng b stress
Chu sc p tt, vn lm vic tt khi
khi vt trc thi hn
sp ht thi hn
T t ra mc tiu, thi hn, v cc
Tm cch trnh n cam kt nu n
th tc qun l cuc sng
nh hng n s linh ng, t do
v phong ph.
Nu y l cc c im ca bn th ch ci
th 4 trong MBTI ca bn l J
Nu y l cc c im ca bn th ch ci
th 4 trong MBTI ca bn l P
16 Nhm MBTI

ENFP

INFP

ENFJ

INFJ

ESTJ

ISTJ

ESFJ

ISFJ

ENTP

INTP

ENTJ

INTJ

ESTP

ISTP

ESFP

ISFP

Chn dung nhm ENFP

Nhng ngi thuc nhm ENFP l nhng ngi thn thin v ng
mn. Mt trong s nhng ngi d mm lng nht l nhng ngi
ENFP. ngi ENFP c ci m ngi ta thng gi l bng bt. H c
th l mt con ngi thng thi, nghim trang, o mo mt thi gian
di, nhng khi h c c hi, nhng ngay lp tc h c th nghch ph
nh mt a tr con, tru chc ngi khc.
Mt nghin cu cho thy ENFP chim mt t l cao hn bnh thng
trong ngnh psychodrama. Phn ln h c thin hng v ngh thut
sn khu. ENFP thch k chuyn vui, c bit l v bn b ca h. C l
v thin hng ny m nhiu ngi trong s h thch phng vin. Ti c
a vi mt ngi bn ENFP ca ti l nu ti mun c th gii bit v
mt iu g , ti ch cn ni cho anh ta bit.
ENFP l nhng ngi hiu bit rng. Ch bit va cng lm cho
h hi lng mc d iu ny s lm cho mt s ngi thuc cc nhm
thin v suy ngh chnh xc cm thy kh chu. Tuy vy, cng c mt
s ENFP thnh cng trong cc khoa hc chnh xc nh ton hc.
Bn b i vi cc ENFP rt quan trng, thm ch quan trng hn
tt c cc nhm NF khc. H rt trung thnh vi bn b, v i khi b
bin thnh vt hy sinh bi nhng ngi v tm hn. ENFP tm thy
nng lng cho mnh khi c cnh ngi khc. Mt vi ngi thc
s gp kh khn khi phi mt mnh thng xuyn.
Mt ngi bn ENFP ca ti, mt ngi lm cng tc x hi, gii giao
tip n mc c th thun ha c nhng ngi phng vn c ta
trong bui phng vn xin vic. C ta c kh nng lm cho ngi l cm
thy thn thuc.
ENFP i khi b bt ng v b tnh cm chi phi. Nhng quyt nh
vi vng da trn tnh cm c th s bng n vi mt kt qu khng
bit trc c. Khng t ENFP t ngt b vic ch v nhng giy
pht nh th.
Cc ENFP ni ting:

Franz Joseph Haydn

Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain)
Will Rogers
Buster Keaton
Theodor "Dr." Seuss Geisel (The Cat in the Hat)
Mickey Rooney
James Dobson ("Focus on the Family")
Andy Rooney
4

Carol Burnett
Paul Harvey
Elizabeth Montgomery (Bewitched)
Bill Cosby (Ghost Dad)
Dom Delouise, din vin
Dave Thomas, ng ch h thng Wendy's
Lewis Grizzard, nh bo
I. King Jordan, ch tch H Gallaudet
Martin Short, din vin
Meg Ryan, din vin(When Harry Met Sally, You Got Mail, Sleepless in
Seattle)
Robin Williams, din vin hi(Dead Poet's Society, Mrs. Doubtfire, Good
Morning Vietnam)
Sandra Bullock, din vin(Speed, While You Were Sleeping)
Robert Downey (Heart and Souls)
Alicia Silverstone (Clueless)
Sinbad
Andy Kaufman
Regis Philbin
Chn dung nhm INFP
Dng nh nhng ngi INFP chng bao gi nh mt s hiu k ca
h. Ngi ta c th ni h nhn th gii qua cp knh mu hng. Hoc
l h sng trong mt th gii k l m ngay c nhng vt v tri v gic
cng c sc sng, ni m cy c, v ng vt c th tr thnh con
ngi.
Tr em INFP th ging nh cc nhn vt trong truyn tranh 'Calvin and
Hobbes', chuyn t hin thc sang tng tng v ngc li. Ngoi
mt vi ngoi l, tr em NF thng c th chi vi bn b trong tr
tng tng ca chng hoc lm bn vi l th nhi bng.
INFP c kh nng nhn thy ci tt trong tt c mi ngi, mi
vt. Ngay c vi nhng ngi kh a nht, cc INFP vn ng lng trc
n. Mc cm xc ca h thng rt kh nhn ra, ngay c i vi
bn thn ngi INFP, ch n khi gp mt tnh hung c th no , khi
c dp, n mi bng n mt cch mnh lit.
D nhin, cuc sng khng ch c mu hng v INFP cng khng phi l
ngoi l, h cng b nh hng bi tht bi, tht vng. V INFP
thng cho nguyn nhn ca tht bi l do nng lc, h chin u vi
n bng nguyn tc o c qu cu ton ca h; nh th h phi
hnh ng v mt mc ch cao c no . INFP m t s xung t bn
trong con ngi h khng ch n thun l gia ng v sai m l gia
ci Xu v ci Tt. Mc d khng nh gi thp ci Xu, nhng INFP
lun lun tin tng vo s thng li ca ci Tt.

Cc INFP ni ting

Homer
Virgil
c M
Thnh John, tng c cha Jesus yu mn nht
Thnh Luke, thy thuc, tng ca cha Jesus
William Shakespeare Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (Evangeline)
A. A. Milne (Winnie the Pooh)
Laura Ingalls Wilder (Little House on the Prairie)
Helen Keller, nh vn m v ic
Carl Rogers, nh tm l hc
Fred Rogers (Mister Rogers' Neighborhood)
Dick Clark (American Bandstand)
Donna Reed, din vin (It's a Wonderful Life)
Jacqueline Kennedy Onasis
Neil Diamond, ca s
Tom Brokaw, xng ngn vin
James Herriot (All Creatures Great and Small)
Annie Dillard (Pilgrim at Tinker Creek)
James Taylor, ca s
Julia Roberts, din vin(Conspiracy Theory, Pretty Woman, Erin
Brockovich)
Scott Bakula (Quantum Leap)
Terri Gross (PBS's "Fresh Air")
Amy Tan nh vn M gc Hoa(The Joy-Luck Club, The Kitchen God's
Wife)
John F. Kennedy, Jr.
Lisa Kudrow ("Phoebe" of Friends)
Fred Savage ("The Wonder Years")
Chn dung nhm ENFJ
H l cc gio vin nhn t. ENFJ c mt sc thu ht mnh m lm
cho ngi khc tin tng vo s hng dn, gip ca h. Rt
nhiu ENFJ c th li ko, d d ngi khc d dng nh kh nng giao
tip v ngh thut bn hng c bit. Nhng khng phi ENFJ mun d
d ngi khc, h ch tin tng vo m c ca mnh, v cho rng h
ch l ngi gip , hng dn ngi khc, v thng th h cng ch
nh vy.
ENFJ cng l nhng ngi hiu bit rng. H c ci nhn ton cnh.
H cn c kh nng tp trung vo nhiu th. Mt vi ngi c th m
ng nhiu trch nhim v d n cng mt lc. Nhiu ENFJ c kh
nng kinh doanh tuyt vi.
ENFJ l nhng ngi c t chc v quyt on (nhm J), nhng h
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khc vi nhng nhm J khc c v mt t chc ln tnh ngang bng.

ENFJ l nhng ngi c t chc trn phng din quan h x hi. Vn
phng ca h c th ln xn hay khng, nhng kt lun ca h (da
trn cm xc) v con ngi v ng c hnh ng thng nhanh chng
v ng tin cy hn cc nhm khc.
ENFJ hiu v trn trng ngi khc. Nh mi ngi thuc nhm NF (hay
rng hn l nhm F), h thng hy sinh nhu cu ca bn thn cho
ngi khc. H cng c ranh gii tm l mng manh hn cc nhm
khc, v d b thng tn hay thm ch b li dng bi ngi
km nhy cm hn. Gnh nng m ngi ENFJ t cht ln mnh
thng cng nng hn kh nng chu ng ca h.
Cc ENFJ ni ting

David, King of Israel

Abraham Lincoln
Ronald Reagan
William Cullen Bryant, nh th
Abraham Maslow, nh tm l hc
Ross Perot
Sean Connery
Elizabeth Dole
Francois Mitterand
Dick Van Dyke
Andy Griffith
James Garner
William Aramony, nguyn ch tch United Way
Gene Hackman (Superman, Antz)
Dennis Hopper (Speed)
Brenda Vaccaro
Craig T. Nelson
Diane Sawyer (Good Morning America)
Randy Quaid (Bye Bye, Love; Independence Day)
Tommy Lee Jones (The Fugitive)
Kirstie Alley ("Cheers," Look Who's Talking movies)
Michael Jordan, VV bng r
Johnny Depp (Pirates of the Caribbean)
Oprah Winfrey
Bob Saget America's Funniest Home Videos, Full House
Julia Louis-Dreyfus ("Seinfeld")
Ben Stiller (The Royal Tenenbaums) Peyton Manning, Indianapolis Colts
quarterback
Matthew McConaughey (The Wedding Planner)
Pete Sampras, Nh v ch Tennis
Lauren Graham ("Gilmore Girls")

Ben Affleck (The Sum Of All Fears)

John Cusack (High Fidelity)
Chn dung nhm INFJ
ng sau v yn lng bn ngoi ca cc INFJ l mt nim tin mnh
lit vo mc ch ca cuc i. Nu h l cc nh hot ng INFJ
cng b thu ht vo vai tr ny h hot ng v mt mc ch cao c
ch khng v vinh quang hay quyn li c nhn. INFJ l chin s ca
nhng ngi b nn hay p bc. Chng ta thng tm thy h trong
nhng tnh hung khn cp, gii thot cho nhng ngi b nn. INFJ
cng hay ngh n chuyn bo th nhng k i x tn t vi nhng
ngi khng c kh nng t v. Hnh nh mt chng hip s lng
mn lun c sc hp dn cc INFJ
C mt ci g thi ra an Mch (Hamlet). Rt kh lnh o cc
INFJ v h lun lun nghi ng (mt cch hp l) v ng c ca ngi
khc. y l nhng ngi rt kh b la phnh. Mc d rt nim n v
d thng cm vi ngi khc, INFJ rt kh tnh trong vic la chn bn
b. V tnh bn ca h cc k bn vng.
INFJ cng rt gii v ngn ng v kho lo trong giao tip. Thm
vo , s nhy cm vi v ngn ng c th cng gip h d dng hiu
c ngi khc mt cch chnh xc.
Vit lch, t vn, cng chc, lm chnh tr l nhng lnh vc thch hp
cho INFJ
Nhng INFJ ni ting

Nathan, Nh tin tri Israel

Aristophanes
Chaucer
Goethe
Robert Burns
Martin Van Buren
James Earl "Jimmy" Carter
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Fanny Crosby
Mother Teresa of Calcutta
Fred McMurray (My Three Sons)
Martin Luther King, Jr.
James Reston, phng vin
Shirley McClain (Sweet Charity, ...)
Piers Anthony, author ("Xanth" series)
Michael Landon (Little House on the Prairie)
Tom Selleck
John Katz, nh ph bnh
8

Paul Stookey (Peter, Paul and Mary)

Billy Crystal
Garry Trudeau (Doonesbury)
Nelson Mandela
Mel Gibson
Carrie Fisher
Nicole Kidman
Jamie Foxx
Sela Ward
Mark Harmon
Gary Dourdan
Marg Helgaberger
Evangeline Lilly
Tori May
Chn dung nhm ESTJ
ESTJ thch hp vi trt t v s lin tc. L ngi hng ngoi, s ch
ca h hng n t chc con ngi, m n c th ha thnh gim st.
Trong khi nhm ENTJ thch t chc v iu ng con ngi theo tng
ca chnh h, da trn mt chng trnh do chnh h vch ra, th ESTJ
hi lng vi nhng quy tc, lut l c sn, thng thng c nh ra
bi mt cp c quyn cao hn.
ESTJ l nhng ngi thch t tp. h tm kim nhng ngi c cng s
thch trong cc cu lc b, hi on, nh th hay cc t chc x hi
khc. H c nhu cu c giao lu cng vi cc SJ khc. Gia nh cng
l mt phn quan trng ca ESTJ, v vic tham gia vo cc s kin nh
m ci, m hi, hay cc cuc hp mt gia nh i vi h l rt cn
thit.
Truyn thng cng rt quan trng i vi cc ESTJ. H nh rt k cc
ngy l, sinh nht, v cc dp k nim hang nm khc v t chc mt
cch long trng. ESJT cng c xu hng tm kim ngun gc ca mnh,
h cng thch tra cu trong gia ph tm ra cc t tin ni ting.
Phc v, mt biu hin c th ca trch nhim, cng l mt mi quan
tm chnh ca ESTJ. H phc v ngi khc rt tn tnh v ngc li
cng i hi nhn c dch v chu o. Nu l thng gia, cc ESTJ s
cung cp cc dch v rt ng tin cy v lm rt nhiu th nng cao
hnh nh ca h.
ESTJ rt nhy cm vi tnh chnh thng. Phn ln nhng nh gi ca
h i vi con ngi v s vic phn nh s nhy cm ca h i vi
nhng g c coi l bnh thng v khng bnh thng. S khi hi
ca ESTJ thng xoay quanh nhng s vic hoc ngi c nhng hnh
ng, c x khng bnh thng
ESTJ cao tnh cn c, chu kh. i vi h, quyn lc, a v, v danh
vng phi c c t lao ng. S li bing t khi no c h thng
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cm.
ESTJ l nhng ngi trc tnh, l con ngi ca cc nguyn tc c
ni r. ESJT sn sang ng ln ng h nhng g m h tin la ng,
ngay c khi h hu nh khng c c hi chin thng. ESTJ dm lm
nhng chuyn liu lnh.
Nhng ngh nghip c sc thu ht i vi ESTJ l gio vin, hun luyn
vin, ngn hng, chnh tr v qun l ( mi cp)
Cc ESTJ ni ting:

James Monroe, Tng thng M

Andrew Jackson, Tng thng M
William Henry "Tippecanoe" Harrison, Tng thng M
Franklin Pierce, Tng thng M
Grover Cleveland, Tng thng M
Harry S. Truman, Tng thng M
Lyndon B. Johnson, Tng thng M
George W. Bush, Tng thng M
Carrie Nation
Elliot Ness
John D. Rockefeller
Bette Davis
Robert A. Taft, thng ngh s M
Sam Walton, ngi sang lp WalMart
Barbara Stanwyck
Billy Graham
Dale Bumpers thng ngh s M
Phil Fulmer, HLV bng bu dc
Pat Head Summit, HLV bng r
Bill Frist, Thng ngh s M
Chn dung nhm ISTJ
ISTJ thng c gi l thanh tra. H rt nhy bn vi ng/sai trong
lnh vc chuyn mn hay trong phm vi trch nhim ca h. H cng
rt tn tm vi cng vic ca mnh. ng gi l khu hiu ca ISTJ. B
th, th k, doanh nhn ... hoc nhng ngi c ngi khc xem
l "ng h" thng l ISTJ.
Thuc nhm IT nn cm gic u tin m mi ngi cm thy ISTJ l
xa cch, i khi hi lnh lng. Vic th hin cm xc nng m, dt do
rt kh khn i vi h v lm h b mt kh nhiu nng lng.
Mt trong s cc cu ca ming ca ISTJ l "Nhng, y l s tht".
H lm vic c hiu qu nht khi c hng dn cn k, theo tng
bc mt. Mt khi phng php lm vic c chng t l c kt
qu tt, c th hon ton tin tng l ISTJ s thc hin n mt cch tt
10

nht.
ISTJ thc s cm thy bi ri khi phi lm vic vi nhng ngi khng
nht qun hoc hay thay i - c bit khi ngi khc khng gi li ha
hoc cam kt. Tuy nhin h thng giu kn cm xc ca mnh trong
lng tr khi c hi. V khi c hi th h thng ni "toc mng
heo". i vi h, s tht l quan trng ch khng phi s kho lo, t
nh. Quyt tm khng g lay chuyn ni ca ISTJ rt c ch trong cc
tnh hung i hi phi dm th hin kin ca mnh v bo v n.
c tnh SJ lm cho cc ISTJ c xu hng chn cng vic trong cc c
quan t chc c uy tn. Gia nh, cc t chc x hi, chnh ph,
trng hc, qun i, nh th l cc "hang " ca ISTJ.
"y l cch m chng ti thng lm" l mt l do vng chc
thuyt phc nhiu ISTJ. Tt c nhng g c th e da n thi quen
tn trng thi gian hay e da n uy tn ca t chc l i ngc li vi
SJ v h sn sng chin u vi chng bng mi gi.
Cc ISTJ ni ting

Thomas, thnh tng ca cha Jesus

George Washington (tng thng M)
Andrew Johnson (tng thng M)
Benjamin Harrison (tng thng M)
Herbert Hoover (tng thng M)
George H. W. Bush (tng thng M)
Paul Coverdale thng ngh s M Evander Holyfield, nh v ch quyn
anh
Chn dung nhm ESFJ
L ngi bo tr cho cc bui l sinh nht, hi h, ESFJ yu thch
cc cuc vui. H rt thch tham gia cc bui l hi truyn thng v sn
sng ng ra t chc.
Khi tt c mi ngi u ngang hng vi nhau, ESFJ thch ng ra
nhn trch nhim. H c nhn ra vn mt cch r rng, phn
cng cng vic mt cch d dng, lm vic chm ch, v vui chi
bng tt c s am m.
ESFJ, cng nh cc SJ khc, rt tn trng v tin tng nhng ngi ln
tui, giu kinh nghim hoc c thm nin. H rt tn tm gip
ngi khc v cng cho rng ngi khc s sn sng gip h.
ESFJ rt d b tn thng. V khi h b tn thng, h khng th
nn cm xc. H l nhng ngi rt d mn v thn thin, nhng
khng kim ch c khi b lm pht hoc khng hi lng. Mt s
ESFJ c th nh hng nhng cm xc mnh m ny cho ra nhng
mn trnh din i trn sn khu hoc trn mn bc.
ESFJ cng hay b thiu t bi cc cm xc mnh m v mu thun.
11

Cm gic v ng sai ca h b ging x bi lng nhn t v bc i.

Cnh tng ESFJ t u tranh vi chnh bn thn rt ng ch . Mi
khi cn c quyt nh (nht l khi quyt nh to ra mu thun,
xung t), m bo s c mt cuc u tranh gia cc gi tr ng/sai
bn trong ESFJ. u tin l mt quyt nh vng chc da trn l
phi, sau i thnh mt quyt nh da trn quan im thn trng
phng cc thi th ch
ESFJ cm thy nguy him khp ni - vi trng, thi tit, tt xu
trong con ngi, tnh xo quyt - tt c u ng nghi ng : ESFJ l
nhng ngi siu cnh gic. Nh nhng c tnh ny ESFJ c th cc k
thnh cng trong ngnh y t hoc gio dc bc tiu hc.
Cc ISTJ ni ting

William McKinley, tng thng M

William J. Clinton, tng thng M
Jack Benny
Desi Arnaz ("Ricky Ricardo")
Don Knotts ("Barney Fife")
John Connally, nguyn thng c Texas
Sally Struthers (All in the Family)
Mary Tyler Moore
Dixie Carter (Designing Women)
Sally Field
Danny Glover, din vin
Nancy Kerrigan
Elvis Stojko
Chn dung nhm ISFJ
c trng ca cc ISFJ l h c nhu cu c gip ngi khc, nhu
cu c cm thy mnh cn thit. Trong mt vi trng hp c
bit, nhu cu ny mnh m n ni cc mi quan h cho-v-nhn
thng thng khng lm h tha mn; tuy nhin phn ln ISFJ cm
thy hi lng vi cc mi quan h thng thng trong x hi. (Mt
trong s nhiu nguyn nhn l ISFJ ging nh cc nhm SJ khc
cm thy b rng buc bi cc quy tc truyn thng trong x hi, cch
thc gip ca h thng loi tr tt c cc yu t i ngc li cc
gi tr o c, hoc gy tranh ci v mt chnh tr)
ISFJ thng khng c nh gi ng mc trong cng vic,
trong gia nh, v trong vui chi. Mc d h chng t c rng h c
th tin tng c v lng trung thnh, tnh ho phng, cht lng
cng vic cao nhng nhng ngi xung quanh li thng nhn h vi
v ban n, thm ch li dng h. Cn phi ni thm l bn thn ISFJ cn
lm cho vn xu thm, h rt km trong vic giao nhim v cho
12

ngi khc (Mun nh th no th hy t lm ly i). V mc d h

cm thy b tn thng v b i x khng cng bng, h t khi ln ting
v nhng thnh tch ca mnh. Cho d cm thy xng ng c khen
ngi v nhng g lm c, ISFJ cng cho rng mun c khen thng
v hon thnh tt ngha v ca mnh l mt iu g sai tri (bi v
hon thnh tt nhim v bn thn n cng l mt phn thng). Thm
vo l nh hng ca yu t hng ni khng mun to s ch
n bn thn. V nhng nguyn nhn nh vy, ISFJ thng b lm vic
qu sc v c th b mt s ri lon tm l.
Trong cng vic, ISFJ l nhng ngi lm vic c phng php v chnh
xc, c tr nh tt, v c nhng kh nng phn tch c bit. H cng
lm vic rt tt trong cc nhm nh hoc tay i v h l nhng ngi
kin nhn v d ng cm. L nhn vin gii, ng tin cy, d chu
nhng ISFJ li tr nn hay lo lng v kh chu trong vai tr gim st.
Mc d rt trung thnh, nhng s trung thnh ca ISFJ li thng
hng v mt c nhn ch khng hng ti t chc. Nu mt ngi m
h rng buc t b t chc, ISFJ s i cng ngi nu c c hi.Cc
ngh nghip a thch ca ISFJ l: gio vin, cng tc x hi, tn
gio, y t, bc s (a khoa), th k v mt s t cng vic qun
l.
Mc d o c ngh nghip rt cao, nhng mi u tin hng u ca
ISFJ l gia nh. Gia nh chnh l trung tm ca cuc i h. H rt
nng nhit v hay tm s vi nhng thnh vin trong gia nh, v
thng c mun chim hu ring nhng ngi m h yu qu. Nu
nhng ngi ny thuc nhm hng ngoi (E) hoc hng ni kiu IT,
ISFJ nn hc cch hiu ng thi ca h v khng nn din gii cc
thi ny nh l s t chi. Thuc nhm SJ, h rt quan trng vic c
x theo quy tc, khi mt ngi thn nht ca h xa ri cc quy tc ny
s lm cho ISFJ cm thy rt bi ri. Mi quan h cng thn thit, hnh
ng cng cng khai th mc bi ri cng cao. Theo thi gian, ISFJ
s tr nn chin chn hn v hc c cch xem cc hnh ng nh
l mt s lp d v hi. C l khi cn phi ni thm l ISFJ thng tn
rt nhiu thi gian vo vic chun b thc n, mua qu tng cho
nhng ngi m h yu qu tuy nhin v tnh cht J nn h thng
tp trung vo nhng g m h cho rng ngi nhn nn c ch khng
tp trung vo nhng g ngi nhn mun c.
Cng ging nh phn ln ngi hng ni, ISFJ c t bn thn. H rt
trung thnh vi bn b v sn sng h tr c v mt tinh thn ln vt
cht. Tuy nhin, h li s va chm hn. V vy, nu bn chun b nh
nhau, ng hi vng h s nhy vo vi bn. Tuy nhin, bn c th tin
tng rng h s chy n nh chc trch gn nht tm s gip .
Cc ISFJ ni ting

St. Teresa of Avila (Teresa de Jesus)

Louisa May Alcott
13

Alfred, Lord Tennyson

N hong Anh Elizabeth II
Robert E. Lee
N Hong Anh Mary I ("Bloody Mary")
William Howard Taft, tng thng M
Johnny Carson, din vin hi
Robin Roberts (Good Morning America)
Jerry Seinfeld
Kristi Yamaguchi
Ed Bradley, nh bo
Chn dung nhm ENTP
"Thng minh" c l l t chnh xc nht m t cc ENTP. Mt gio
s i hc c khong na ti nghin cu trong u, c nhng bi
ging l th v nhng ch kh hiu l mt v d in hnh v nhm
ny. Hoc l nhng nh son kch m tc phm chm bim ca h
khng ch hi hc m cn sc so.
ENTP khng ch gii dng ngn ng m cn thch tranh lun - v cm
thy cn thit v cng chng t cc kh nng n tng ca h. H
cn c mu hi hc v thch ng vai ngi phn bin. i khi h
cng nhm ln v c th lm hi nhng ngi khng hiu hoc mc
nhin chp nhn cc tng ca h.
H cng rt sng to v kho lo trong cch gii quyt cc vn , i
khi h cng t la bn thn mnh bng cch dng cc "phng php
gii quyt nhanh gn" hoc "i tt" b qua cc quy nh nu vic lm
mang li li ch thit thc. C trong cng vic ln trong gia nh,
ENTP rt thch nghch ngm - c v vt cht ln tr c - cng tinh vi,
phc tp li cng c sc thu ht vi h. Tuy nhin h cng chng chn
v d dng thu ht bi nhng tr chi mi.
Bn cht ca ENTP l lc quan nhng h rt d bc mnh, v cu knh
khi gp phi nhng kh khn nh nht. Khi gp nhng tr ngi ng k
th h xem l s thch thc ng k quyt tm gii quyt n. ENTP
c xu hng thiu kin nhn vi nhng ngi m h cho l ng ngnh
hoc thiu thng minh v cng khng c nh che du iu . Tuy
nhin, h cng rt n cn, nu khng ni l quyn r, khi khng b
quy ry.
Trong giao tip, ENTP c kh nng to nn mt quan h cht ch v
nhanh chng vi nhng ngi m h yu qu. Vi nhng ngi thn
nht, mi quan h c v thoi mi v sung s. Vi nhng ng
nghip, nhng ngi trc ch nhn thy s chuyn nghip ca h,
c th b h chinh phc bng s ci m. ENTP cng rt gii trong vic
tm kim nhng ngi bn thng minh v vui tnh nh h. Ngoi hai i
tng , ENTP t ch n phn cn li ca nhn loi ngoi tr vic

14

xem h l nhng thnh gi hoc c gi (tt, xu hoc tim nng) ca

mnh.
Mt vi ENTP ni ting

John Adams, tng thng th 2 ca M

James A. Garfield, tng thng M
Rutherford B. Hayes, tng thng M
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt, tng thng M
Thomas Edison
Lewis Carrol, tc ga Alice in Wonderland
Julia Child
Suzanne Pleshette
George Carlin
Valerie Harper
John Candy
John Sununu
Weird Al Yankovick
Marilyn Vos Savant
Alfred Hitchcock
Tom Hanks
David Spade
Cline Dion
Matthew Perry
Rodney Dangerfield
Chn dung nhm INTP
INTP l nhng ngi thch suy ngh, phn tch. H c th chm m
trong cc suy ngh ca mnh v xa ri th gii thc ti xung quanh h.
INTP rt chnh xc trong cc m t ca h, v thng hiu chnh ngi
khc (hoc c xu hng) nu h tm thy c mt cht sai st hoc ti
ngha. Kh nng ny c th lm phin cho nhng ngi khng i hi
s chnh xc cao, nhng l mt thun li t nhin cho INTP trong mt
s ngh nghip, chng hn nh ng php hc hay ngn ng hc.
Ni chung, INTP l nhng ngi kh d chu v thn thin trong cuc
sng, ch n khi nhng nguyn tc ca h b vi phm, h tr nn cng
rn v ni thng. Tuy nhin, sau h s quay tr li vi v b ngoi
n ha, khng mun thu ht s ch .
Mi lo lng thng xuyn ca cc INTP l s tht bi. H dng kh
nhiu thi gian t kim tra mnh. Vi bn cht mun mt kt cc b
ng, i km vi mong mun t c kt qu tt nht (NT) lm cho h
hay do d. Quan im ca INTP cng rt m h, n c th va c sc
thuyt phc i vi h v pha phn bin ca h. y l im khc bit
ln nht gia INTP v INTJ, l nhng ngi t tin hn nhiu v sn sng
15

hnh ng theo nim tin ca h.

Ton hc l mt ngnh m nhiu INTP a thch, tng t l ngn ng,
my tnh, v nhng khoa hc phc tp khc. Cc INTP rt say m tm
hiu, khm ph, nm vng v lm vic vi h thng. S say m ny
lm cho h th vi cuc sng xung quanh, qun c thi gian v
nhng th vui khc. Hon thnh mt mc tiu, mt nhim v i vi h
cng khng quan trng bng tm ti, khm ph.
INTP rt quan tm n s chnh xc ca logic. H t khi phm phi sai
lm do logic, phn ln cc sai st ca h l do xem nh mt vi chi tit
hoc do tnh hung.
Cc INTP ni ting

Socrates
Rene Descartes
Blaise Pascal
Sir Isaac Newton
James Madison, tng thng M
John Quincy Adams, tng thng M
John Tyler, tng thng M
Dwight D. Eisenhower, tng thng M
Gerald Ford, tng thng M
William Harvey
C. G. Jung
William James
Albert Einstein
Tom Foley
Henri Mancini
Bob Newhart
Jeff Bingaman
Rick Moranis
Midori Ito
Tiger Woods
Chn dung nhm ENTJ
ENTJ l nhng ngi c trc tip v thch trt t. iu ny c th c
th hin bng s quyn r v tinh t ca mt nh lnh o nhng cng
c th c th hin di v l lm ca mt g cm u bng ng.
ENTJ khng phi cn nhiu c th vch ra mt k hoch. Mt ENTJ
ni th ny ... "Ti ln ci k hoch n gin ny, m thc s n cng
khng quan trng lm, v cm thy b thi thc phi thc hin n".
Khng phi tt c cc ENTJ u c cm gic "thi thc" tuy nhin h
thng c nhiu k hoch rt sng to v c cch bin cc k
hoch thnh hin thc.
16

ENTJ cng thng hi phng i khi m t v cc chng trnh hay d

n ca mnh. Kh nng ny thng c th hin di dng ngh thut
bn hng, khiu k chuyn, hay tnh hi hc. Khi kt hp vi thin
hng ni nhiu bm sinh ca h, cc v anh hng ENTJ t khi cho
khch hng c hi t chi nhng ngh ca h. "Ti thc s ly lm
tic nhng anh phi cht" chnh l nhn hiu ca ENTJ (Ni nh th c
th l hi qu li, nhng nhng ngi thuc nhm F chc s rt hiu v
thng cm)
ENTJ l nhng ngi quyt on. H nhn thy nhng vic cn lm v
giao nhim v cho nhng ngi xung quanh thc hin. Khng ch l
nhng ngi kin quyt trong tranh lun, cc ENTJ cn l nhng ngi
i u trong cc tinh hung nguy him. Khi gp thch thc, ENTJ
thng phn ng bng tranh lun,nu khng, nu khng anh ta hoc
ch ta s tung ra mt ci lnh lo nhng cng y e da nh nhc
nh rng: ENTJ khng phi l nhng ngi c th a gin
Cc ENTJ ni ting

Franklin D. Roosevelt, tng thng M

Richard M. Nixon, tng thng M
Benny Goodman
Tng Norman Schwarzkopf
Harrison Ford
Steve Martin
Whoopi Goldberg
Sigourney Weaver
Margaret Thatcher
Al Gore ph tng thng M
Lamar Alexander
Les Aspen
Candace Bergen
Dave Letterman
Newt Gingrich
Patrick Stewart
Robert James Waller (tc gi The Bridges of Madison County)
Jim Carrey (Ace Ventura: Pet Detective, The Mask)
Steve Jobs
Penn Jillette
Chn dung nhm INTJ
i vi ngi ngoi, INTJ c phong thi nh c, t tin. S t tin ny,
i khi c th b lm tng l ngo mn bi nhng ngi t quyt on
hn., nhng thc t h khng phi l bn cht ca h. Ngun gc
ca s t tin ny nm mt h thng kin thc c chuyn mn
17

ha m phn ln cc INTJ bt u xy dng cho mnh t rt sm.

Mt khi c lin quan n lnh vc chuyn mn ca h - m INTJ c th
c rt nhiu h c th tr li ngay cho bn bit h c th gip bn
hay khng, v nu c th bng cch no. INTJ bit h bit g, v c l
quan trng hn l bit h khng bit g.
INTJ cng l nhng ngi cu ton, vi mt kh nng c v nh khng
gii hn hon thin nhng g m h quan tm. V iu duy nht c
th ngn cn INTJ eo ui s hon thin chnh l ci nguyn tc rt
c trng ca h, l tiu chun m h p dng vo tt c mi s - t
nghin cu ca ring h cho n cc chun mc ca x hi: Vic
c hiu qu khng? Tiu chun ny lm cho h c nhng kin rt
c lp, khng l thuc vo quyn lc, tc l, hoc tnh cm.
INTJ thng c bit n nh l nhng ngi xy dng h thng v
trong tnh cch ca h c s kt hp c bit gia tr tng tng v s
chc chn. INTJ xem nhng h thng m h lm vic vi nh l ca
ring h; v tnh cu ton v bt chp nhng ngi c thm quyn c
th lm nh hng n cng vic, v INTJ l ngi khng d tha th cho
ngi khc v cho chnh bn thn h. Tt c nhng ai b h xem l li
bing hay thiu nhit tnh trong cng vic u dn dn mt s tn
trng bi h. INTJ cng dm quyt nh nhng vic quan trng m
khng tham kho kin ca cp trn hay ng nghip. Mt khc, INTJ
l cng rt chu o v cng bng khi ghi nhn nhng ng gp ca
ngi khc vo cng vic, v c nng khiu nm bt cc c hi m
nhiu ngi khc khng nhn thy.
Ni chung INTJ thng c xu hng lm nhng vic m h bit r. Ngh
nghip m h thng la chn l k s hoc nghin cu khoa hc,
nhng c th thy h bt c cng vic no i hi tr tng tng v
s chc chn. INTJ cng c th tham gia cc v tr qun l nu h dnh
thi gian marketing cc kh nng sn c ca h cng nh hon
thin chng. i vi mt vi INTJ, c l s tt hn nu h gim bt tnh
lp g ca h.
Quan h cc nhn, c bit l chuyn tnh cm l im yu ca INTJ.
Trong khi h c kh nng quan tm su sc n ngi khc (thng
thng l mt s nh, c chn lc) v mun dnh thi gian ng k
cng c cc mi quan h , kin thc v s t tin lm cho h thnh
cng trong cc lnh vc khc li cn tr h. iu ny xy ra mt phn
v phn ln INTJ khng nm c cc quy tc ca x hi, v d hu nh
khng hiu hoc thiu kin nhn vi cc vic nh tn tnh hoc ni
chuyn phim. Thm vo , INTJ l nhng ngi rt kn o v trm
tnh nn d b hiu nhm. V nguyn nhn chnh c l l INTJ lc no
cng mun ngi khc phi hp l. Tng t nh nhm EF lc no
cng mun ngi khc phi tnh cm, mi mn th INTJ lc no cng
ngh ngi khc phi r rng, hp l.
C l im mnh duy nht ca cc INTJ trong quan h vi ngi khc l
trc gic ca h v mong mun hon thin mt quan h no . Mc
d cng ging nh cc nhm T khc, h ng cm hn nhng ngi
18

thuc nhm F, tuy nhin mt trc gic tt rt c ch cho h. Kh nng

ny c th c ti luyn v hng dn bng cc c gng u n v
lin tc hiu v gip nhng ngi h quan tm. Nhng mi quan
h vi INTJ, mt khi c xc lp, thng rt lnh mnh, n n v
r rng.
Cc INTJ ni ting

Dan Aykroyd (The Blues Brothers)

Susan B. Anthony
Arthur Ashe
Augustus Caesar (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus)
Jane Austen (Pride and Prejudice)
William J. Bennett,
William F. Buckley, Jr.
Raymond Burr (Perry Mason, Ironsides)
Chevy Chase (Cornelius Crane) (Fletch)
Phil Donahue
Michael Dukakis,
Greg Gumbel
Hannibal
Veronica Hamel (Hill Street Blues)
Angela Lansbury (Murder, She Wrote)
Orel Leonard Hershiser, IV
Peter Jennings
Charles Everett Koop
Ivan Lendl
C. S. Lewis
Joan Lunden
Edwin Moses
Martina Navratilova
Charles Rangel
Pernell Roberts
Arnold Schwarzenegger
Josephine Tey
Rudy Giuliani
Donald Rumsfeld
General Colin Powell
Lance Armstrong
Richard Gere
Katie Couric
Cc tng thng M
*Chester A. Arthur
*Calvin Coolidge
*Thomas Jefferson
*John F. Kennedy
19

*James K. Polk
*Woodrow Wilson
Chn dung nhm ESTP
ESTP l nhng ngi nhanh nhn, hot bt. ESTP tm thy s tha mn
khi c hnh ng theo bc ng ca h. Cc hat ng gng lin vi
sc mnh, tc , nguy him thu ht h. S thiu vng chng mt
thi gian di lm cho ESTP cm thy nh b cht trong lng
i u trc tip l im mnh ca ESTP. Dng nh h sinh ra l
tr thnh ngi ng u trong cc cuc cnh tranh, thi ua. P.T
Barnum gii thch kh nng ca ESTP: Gn nh theo bn nng, ESTP
tm kim nhng du hiu, c ch v im yu ca i tng. Mt khi
bit, anh ta ch i n ng thi im thch hp tung ra n quyt
nh v ginh thng li. Kh k l l ESTP dng nh thc s khm
phc nhng ngi c th nh bi c h. Ngay c khi trnh ca
ti kh hn, ti cng chu thua Mt ESTP tha nhn nh vy sau tht
bi. Anh ta khm phc sc mnh ca anh ta v ngi khc.
Hiu ng shock l mt k thut a thch ca ESTP thu ht s ch
ca ngi khc. ESTP yu thch c l trung tm s ch , biu din
cc kh nng v lng can m ca mnh.
Cc ESTP ni ting

James Buchanan (tng thng M)

Mae West
Ernest Hemingway
Lucille Ball
Roy Rogers
Doris Day
Chuck Yeager
Jack Nicholson
Eddie Murphy
Jimmy Conners
Madonna
Cybil Shepherd
Bruce Willis
Michael J. Fox
Joan Cusack
Chn dung nhm ISTP
Ging nh phn ln cc SP khc, ISTP thch biu din, nhng do nh
hng bi yu t T, h thng ch n k thut hn l ngh thut.
20

H cng him khi gy n tng v s hot bt. V ngoi l , ISTP

dnh sc lc ca mnh ch n khi gp c mt cng vic hoc mt
cuc phiu lu no ng h ch h s bng tnh v lm vic vi
ton b kh nng ca mnh. Khi , mc d v rt phn khch, nhng
ISTP li rt t ch, h bit h cn phi lm g khi gp tr ngi, tuy
nhin vi ngi ngoi th c v nh hnh ng ca h l mt chui
nhng s ln xn, v mu thun.
Nhu cu v s ring t ca ISTP cng rt kh hiu, v n nh hng
xu n quan h ca h vi ngi khc. H cng c nhu cu phi ha
ng vi nhng ngi khc, c v mt vt l ln tm l, c bit l khi
ngi lin quan n cng vic ca h. ng thi h li mun c
t do mt mc do h xc nh, nn h s tr nn rt nguyn tc
khi cm thy cch sng ca h b e da (h c th nguyn tc khng
km g nhng ngi thuc nhm J). Trong quan h vi ISTP, vic tn
trng phm vi ring t ca h rt quan trng. Giao tip vi h cng rt
kh khn v h thng th hin mnh qua ngn ng c ch. Khi h dng
li, h thng rt ngn gn, thng th hin s hi hc trong nhng
tnh hung cng thng, nn i khi b xem l tr l hay v v.
ISTP c th gp kh khn khi phi hc v nhng khi nim qu tru
tng hay qu l thuyt, v y khng phi l thc o tt nh gi
kh nng v s thng minh ca h. H thng c xu hng nghi ng
gi tr thc t ca cc l thuyt. ISTP thng thin v cc lp nh m
thut cng nghip, cc chng trnh dy ngh Trong vic chn ngh
ISTP rt hp vi c kh hoc cc ngh tng t. Cu thng, cha chy
cng l nhng ngh nghip p ng c nhu cu mo him ca ISTP.
ISTP l nhng ngi thch hp nht cho cc tnh hung khn cp, khi
m bn cht b qua tt c cc quy tc, c cu t chc gip h tp
trung gii quyt tnh hung theo cch c hiu qu nht. Cc ISTP lm
nhng vic bnh thng hn cng rt hng th vi cc hot ng nguy
him nh ua xe, nhy d, chi tu ln Trong khi lun thc c
s nguy him, ISTP rt gn gi vi th gii vt l v h bit rng h c
th vt qua c nguy him ch vi mt mc an ton nh hn
nhiu so vi cc nhm khc.
Cc ISTP ni ting

Zachary Taylor (tng thng M)

Charles Bronson
Tom Cruise
James Dean
Clint Eastwood
Burt Reynolds
Keith Richards
Charlie Yeager
Frank Zappa

21

Chn dung nhm ESFP

C tic tng u vy? ESFP thch ch ng ngi, thch s nhn
nhp, khoi k chuyn, v ham vui. Bn cht hiu ng v si ni ca
h lm cho h lc no cng ti vui. V cc ESFP rt thch cc tr gii
tr trn sn khu, ch lm, hay nh. Nhng bui vui chi, gp g
l ngun nng lng cung cp sc lc cho cc ngi ca mi ngi
ny.
SP i khi ngh v ni theo kiu dy c ra dy mung. Rt nhiu bn
b thuc nhm ESFP ca ti nhy t suy ngh ny sang suy ngh khc
khi ang gia cu. H hay lan ny sang n. Nhng nu ngi
nghe bit b qua nhng chi tit khng lin quan (do s bc ng) th
cu chuyn ca h rt hp dn.
ESFP rt d b thu ht bi ci mi: tng mi, thi trang mi, ngh
mi H cng rt thch tn chuyn v ngi khc.
Suy ngh ca cc ESPF thng mc mc, gin d v bao dung
Hu nh tt c cc ESPF u thch ni nhiu. Nu bn thy mt ngi
c th dnh 20 pht ni v mt vn n gin, chc chn l
ESFP (J/k)
Cc ESPF ni ting

Thnh Mark
Dale Evans
Gracie Allen
Bob Hope
Eva Gabor
Willard Scott
Goldie Hawn
Kyle Petty
Arsenio Hall
Mary Lou Retton
Kathy Lee Gifford
Steve Irwin
Woody Harrelson (Cheers)
Chn dung nhm ISFP
ISFP thng l nhng ngi u tin nhn ra s thay i. Rt nhiu
trong s h x vo cc thi trang mi, cc cch suy ngh mi, hay
cc xu hng hip, mt vi ngi cn l ngi to ra cc xu hng.
ISFP gn vi thc th hn l INFP nh yu t S ca h. Cc ISFP hu
nh ch sng trong hint ti. H c nhng cn bc ng khao kht t
do, i khi lm h tr nn phng tng vo lc ngi khc t ng nht.
Cc ISFP phi thng xuyn nn cn bc ng ca mnh cm thy
22

cht trong lng v i khi cht b i v vt b tt c. Mt ng bn

ca ti, b lit cng vi nm, vy m trong cn bc ng gia na
m, ng ng b i Las Vegas, bt chp tnh trng sc khe ca
mnh.
ISFP c th t ra rt d thng v ng mn ngay trong ln gp u
tin, vi v s nhng li khen ngi (c ng ln khng ng) dnh cho
ngi khc. Nhng trong cc trng hp khc, cng chnh con ngi
li rt lm l, kh hiu. Mt vi ISFP nam rt hiu thng v thch tranh
ua, c bit l trong th thao hoc cc tr chi i khng, v gp kh
khn khi phi tht bi. Bn cht thch tranh ua ny (cng thng thy
cc nhm SP khc) lm cho h c v nh nhng ngi may mn, can
m, v thch mo him.
Phn ln ISFP gp kh khn vi cc mn hc qu cht ch, v nhiu
ngi b hc gia chng. H d tp trung ch hn n cc cch hc
thng qua thc nghim v nhiu ngi rt thnh cng. ISFP c th hc
chi mt nhc c hoc tp mt k nng no m h yu thch nhiu
gi lin m vn cm thy hng th.
Cc ISFP ni ting

Ulysses S. Grant, tng thng M

Millard Fillmore, "The American Louis Philippe", tng thng M
Warren G. Harding, tng thng M
Marie Antoinette
Auguste Rodin
Fred Astaire
Marilyn Monroe
Liberace
Elizabeth Taylor
Yogi Berra
Dan Rather
Orrin Hatch
Ervin "Magic" Johnson
Patrick Duffey
Paul McCartney
Christopher Reeve
Michael Jackson
Kevin Costner
Greg Louganis
Brooke Shields
Britney Spears
John Travolta
Ashton Kutcher
Donald Trump
Source:
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typelogic
personalitypathways
BI TRC NGHIM
Ni c thn Trc nghim tnh cch Myers-Briggs :)) mnh y sao
19/08/10 07:45
Thm t
ISTJ
im m, nghim trang, thnh cng nh t m v bit xy dng lng tin cy. C c thc
t, n gin, trch nhim. Quyt nh hp l v thc hin quyt nh nghim tc, khng
chnh mng. Cm thy vui v khi cng vic, nh ca, cch sng ... ngn np, c sp
xp. Trn trng cc gi tr truyn thng v lng trung thnh.
Tnh cch ca ngi ISTJ:

C trch nhim v lng trung thnh cao i vi t chc, gia nh v cc mi quan

h trong cuc sng
Lm vic vi ngun sinh lc vng chi hon thnh vic c giao ph ng
thi hn
Thc t v nhy cm
C u c t chc
C u c phn tch v logic
Lm vic khch quan v bit iu
Thch lm vic mt mnh nhng vn c th lm vic nhm rt tt nu cn
Thch th vi nhng thng tin thc t v c th

Ngh nghip thch hp cho ngi ISTJ:

Nhn vin kinh doanh, Nh iu hnh v qun l

Nhn vin k ton, trng phng ti chnh
Cnh st v thm t
Thm phn
Lut s
Bc s y khoa/ Nha s
Lp trnh vin, chuyn vin phn tch h thng
Ch huy qun i
Lm kinh t gia nh

B quyt giao tip vi ngi ISTJ:

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Hy chun b trc v trnh by kin tht mch lc

Hy cho h nhiu thi gian thch nghi vi s i mi
Nhn mnh nhng li ch thc t

Ngi ISTJ c c tnh cng quyt trong cc cng vic thc t. H l nhng ngi bo
v cc c cu lu truyn t i ny ti i kia, v nu cn mt t din t con ngi
ca h, th l ch ng tn nhim. C 100 ngi c 6 ngi ISTJ. Ngi ISTJ thch
c nhng lin h tnh ngha, v h tht kh chu khi ngh ti nhng v trong mt gia
nh, mt t chc, hoc ngoi x hi, quc gia.

D nh hay ni lm vic, ngi ISTJ cng thch yn lng v nghim trang ng n.

H kin tr v ng tin mt cch c bit. u c h khng th ngh ti vic chm dt,
hy b mt giao ko. i vi h, li ni l danh d ca con ngi. Nn tin ngi ISTJ
trong vic bo tn cc ti nng ca t chc v h c c thc t trong cng vic ca h.
H chu ton ngha v m khng ph trng phch li, nn khng ai n hoc nhn
chn gi tr ca vic h tn ty lm vic hot ng.

Ngi ISTJ thch mi chi tit u vo , cng bnh, dng nhng phng php thc t,
s dng nhn s v vt liu kho lo, khin cho h c trng dng trong cc ngnh cn
nhng c tnh . Ngi ISTJ rt hu dng trong ngnh thanh tra thu v, kim k ti
sn, thanh tra ngn sch, thanh tra ngn hng. Ngi ISTJ thch u t vo cc th trng
chng khon ch h khng thch chi tr may ri vi tin bc ca h c hoc tin ca
ngi khc.

Ngi ISTJ c th i ph vi cc con s phc tp, chi tit, kh khn v to nn mt

ngha l s. H cho ngi khc bit h ng tin v trung thnh, nh h thng l gim
c, ch s hu hiu trong bnh vin, th vin hoc x nghip. H c kh nng chu ton
nhim v ca ch nh hm, th k ta n hoc nghin cu php lut. Ngi ISTJ l gio
s kinh doanh, gia chnh, th dc v khoa hc, cng nh l s quan n qun nhn.
Thng thng n qun nhn coi b nh lnh nht, nhng l v ngi ta khng nhn
ra c nhc im ca ngi ISTJ l d b tn thng khi b ph bnh ch trch.

Ngi ISTJ kin tm vi cng vic h lm v vi cc phng php trong mt c cu t

chc, cho d h khng lun kin tm vi nhng mc ch ring t ca mi c nhn trong
c cu t chc . Ngi ISTJ mun lm sao mi s u vo : ti nng c phn

25

phi ng ch ng lc, vt liu c phn chia ng u ng cch. Ngi ISTJ cng

mun ngi khc phi lm nh vy.

Ngi ISTJ l ct tr sc mnh trong i sng phi ngu v chng. H tn trng kh c

thng mi. H tn trng giao c hn nhn hn na. H trung thnh v chung thy,
nhn trch nhim i vi con ci v ngi bn i, coi y l trch nhim trn c cuc
i. Ngi ISTJ t coi mnh c nhim v nui sng gia nh cho d h c th cho
ngi v lm vic, min l khng sao lng nhim v i vi con ci. Ngi ISTJ c quan
nim ph h: mi vic l do n ng gnh vc m trch, v nu c v chng u l
ISTJ, h l cp sng trn tnh ng tin. Ngi v ISTJ c th b nhng ph phim chng
qua tm nhng g c ngha v l s, v c th khng o su ngha i sng tnh
dc.

Ngi cha m ISTJ x s ng l i vi con ci v mi lut l trong gia nh u r

rng. Con ci ng nghch, kh dy c th kh sng chung c vi cha/m ISTJ, v o
li cng th. Con ci tr em ISTJ c khuynh hng vng li v l ngun an vui cho cha
m v gio s.

Mc du ngi ISTJ c c thc t v l s, h c th ci mt ngi v trch nhim v

nh th lin h hn phi s tr thnh lin h cha m vi con ci hn l lin h gia hai
ngi ln ng vai ng v vi nhau. Ngi ISTJ lc t ra mun cu gip, lc t ra
mun sa i ngi bn i lm l ca mnh. Nh vy lin h hn phi s tr thnh mt
tr chi ui bt h tim di di: mt bn l v trch nhim, l ha sa i, l sa i mt
cht, ri li l v trch nhim, cn bn kia l ISTJ vi chu k l khng ng , l cu
gip, l qu trch, l tha th, l chp nhn cho nn tt hn, v c vng vo tam quc nh
vy mi. Chu k nh vy thng thy ni ngi ISTJ ci mt ngi nghin ngp, v
bc vo mt cuc sng ch bit lo lng sn sc cho ngi bn i, thnh thong pha trn
nhng lc gin d hoc t b. Mc du ngi ISTJ c th chp nhn tnh cch ch k v
hay thay i ca ngi bn i, nhng h li khng th chp nhn tnh cch ni chnh
mnh h.

Ngi ISTJ khng thch nhng din vn bng by, nhng li n din xa hoa, nh sang
trng. H ght nhng ng li kiu sa. H ch mun nh cng nh s lm c th t,
ngn np, sch s l . c th cn bn chc ch khng cn p sang ho nhong.
n chc mc bn l tiu chun phc sc ca ngi ISTJ hn l kiu mi nht, mu hp
thi trang nht. H khng cn n ngon ming hoc phc sc lng ly.

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Ngi nam ISTJ ch thch hp bn vi phi nam thi, v hay dng kiu ni li khi ch c
bn n ng con trai vi nhau. Th i sn bn hoc cu c mt mnh hoc vi bn n
ng con trai vi nhau l mt phn s thch cn bn ca ngi ISTJ. Ngi nam ISTJ
thch gia nhp nhng phong tro phc v cng ng vi truyn thng nu cao gi tr c
truyn nh hng o, hn l ngi n ISTJ. H hiu bit v nhn r phn ng gp ca
cc phong tro ny vo vic bo tn gia sn tinh thn quc gia. L ngi SJ, h thch c
bit nhng dp hi h nh m nh hn quan tang t, l ci, vinh quy, thng chc, i
tic, d hi. Ni s lm, ngi ISTJ thy cn phi c nhng ba tic hp bn: h thch
tham d v thng thc, cho d bit rng i khi gy nn nhng quy ri cng vic ca
h, nhng h li cho l cn thit.

MBTI v bi ton nh gi nhn vin (Phn 1)

Mai Hnh dch t All Business

nh gi nhn vin l vic lm rt cn thit i

vi cc nh qun l doanh nghip. Song y l
mt vn tng i nhy cm, t nh khin cho
cc nh qun l lun cm thy e ngi, nht l khi
h a ra nhng li nhn xt khng my tch cc.
Do , cng vic ny tr thnh mt hot ng
bnh thng v din ra thng xuyn trong doanh
nghip, nh qun l cn phi c k nng p dng
cc phng php v k thut nh gi nhn vin.
Trn thc t, nhng phng php v h thng
nh gi nhn vin thch hp v c thit k
chun xc lun l nhn t thit yu pht trin
nng lc v ng vin tinh thn lm vic ca mi
nhn vin. ng thi, n cn gp phn thu ht v
gi c chn ngi ti trong th trng lao ng c tnh cnh tranh gay gt nh ngy
nay.
c xem l kim ch nam trong vic nh gi cc nhn vin, phng php MBTI
(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) ang ngy cng tr nn ph bin v c p dng rt c
hiu qu ti nhiu doanh nghip. u im vt tri c cc nh qun l nh gi cao
phng php ny l n cung cp cc cng c quan trng gip h hiu r c tnh c nhn
ca tng nhn vin.
MBTI l g?
Gn 60 nm trc y, Katharine Cook Briggs v con gi ca b - Isabel Briggs Myers,
xy dng MBTI nh mt phng php miu t v qua , nhn dng tnh cch c
nhn ca cc nhn vin trong cng ty.
Cng vi s hp tc c lc ca nh tm l hc ni ting ngi Thu S, Carl G. Jung,
MBTI ban u c to dng mi ngi c th a ra nhng quyt nh la chn

27

ngh nghip thng minh v gip mi ngi hiu c s khc bit ca cc dng tnh
cch thng thng.
Vic hiu c s a dng ca cc dng tnh cch c nhn khc nhau s gip mi ngi
nhn ra v nh gi ng cc im mnh, im yu ca tng ngi, nh tr li c
cu hi ti sao tt c mi ngi khng ai ging ai.
MBTI c mt vi im ring bit gip bn d dng phn bit n vi cc phng php
khc. V d, MBTI thin v miu t hn l gn kt; n xc nh cc im mnh, s thch
v a tt c cc s thch vo cng mt v tr cn bng vi nhau; n cung cp mt khun
mu hiu c cc hnh vi con ngi; Ngoi ra cn hn ch vic a ra cc phn
quyt ch quan.
Khng ch nh qun l m tt c nhng ai c lin quan u phi hiu r cc cng c nh
gi cng nh cch thc hot ng ca phng php ny. Nu khng, vic p dng n nh
mt chin lc ci thin hot ng s tr nn rt kh khn. Ging nh khi bn khng s
dng cc kt qu nghin cu u vo a ra nhng quyt nh c hiu qu, s
khng phi l mt khon u t gi tr m bn c.
MBTI khng nh gi kin thc, k nng hay nng lc ca cc nhn vin trong cng ty.
N cng khng nh gi tr thng minh ca tng ngi. Hn th na, mc tiu ca MBTI
khng phi s dng nh mt cng c la chn, bt nhn vin hay xc nh v tr
cng vic cho tng ngi.
Bn cn nh rng, hu ht cc cng c c s dng ti ni lm vic, lun t trong s
kt hp vi mt yu t no khc, nh: mt chng trnh, mt hi tho, li khuyn ca cc
nh t vn hay nhng thng tin u vo ph thuc khc.
MBTI c din gii theo hai bc:
Bc th nht c s dng nhn ra bn u tin MBTI c bn, l:
1) Cc phng cch n nhn v s dng nng lng (Introverted - Hng ngoi hay
Extroverted
Hng
ni).
2) Cc phng cch thu thp thng tin (Sensing - Cm gic hay Intuitive - Trc gic).
3) Cc phng cch ra quyt nh (Thinhking - Suy ngh hay Feeling - Tnh cm).
4) Cc phong cch lin kt vi th gii bn ngoi (Judging - Xt on hay Perceiving Lnh hi).
Trong bc hai, nhiu thng tin hn c thu thp m t cc dng tnh cch, bao gm
c tnh c nhn hay tnh n nht ca mt ai . Cng nh vy, cc kt qu t bc th
hai s lm r hn nhng cu hi v bn u tin MBTI c bn trong bc mt v din gii
c th hn thnh 16 dng tnh cch ring bit (l s kt hp ca bn u tin MBTI),
gm:

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- ISTJ: Introverted (Hng ni) - Sensing (Cm gic) - Thinking (Suy ngh) - Judging
(Phn
quyt)
- ISFJ: Introverted (Hng ni) - Sensing (Cm gic) - Feeling (Tnh cm) - Judging
(Phn
quyt)
- INFJ: Introverted (Hng ni) - intuitive (Trc gic) - Feeling (Tnh cm) - Judging
(Phn
quyt)
- INTJ: Introverted (Hng ni) - intuitive (Trc gic) - Thinking (Suy ngh) - Judging
(Phn
quyt)
- ISTP: Introverted (Hng ni) - Sensing (Cm gic) - Thinking (Suy ngh) - Perceiving
(Lnh
hi)
- ISFP: Introverted (Hng ni) - Sensing (Cm gic) - Feeling (Tnh cm) - Perceiving
(Lnh
hi)
- INFP: Introverted (Hng ni) - Intuitive (Trc gic) - Feeling (Tnh cm) - Perceiving
(Lnh
hi)
- INTP: Introverted (Hng ni) - intuitive (Trc gic) - Thinking (Suy ngh) Perceiving
(Lnh
hi)
- ESTP: Extroverted (Hng ngoi) - Sensing (Cm gic) - Thinking (Suy ngh) Perceiving
(Lnh
hi)
- ESFP: Extroverted (Hng ngoi) - Sensing (Cm gic) - Feeling (Tnh cm) Perceiving
(Lnh
hi)
- ENFP: Extroverted (Hng ngoi) - Intuitive (Trc gic) - Feeling (Tnh cm) Perceiving
(Lnh
hi)
- ENTP: Extroverted (Hng ngoi) - intuitive (Trc gic) - Thinking (Suy ngh) Perceiving
(Lnh
hi)
- ESTJ: Extroverted (Hng ngoi) - Sensing (Cm gic) - Thinking (Suy ngh) Judging
(Phn
quyt)
- ESFJ: Extroverted (Hng ngoi) - Sensing (Cm gic) - Feeling (Tnh cm) - Judging
(Phn
quyt)
- ENFJ: Extroverted (Hng ngoi) - Intuitive (Trc gic) - Feeling (Tnh cm) Judging
(Phn
quyt)
- ENTJ: Extroverted (Hng ngoi) - intuitive (Trc gic) - Thinking (Suy ngh) Judging (Phn quyt)
Mi dng th hin nm kha cnh khc nhau ca tnh cch. V d, dng ISTJ - dng
Introverted (Ni tm))/Sensing (Cm gic)/Thinking (Suy ngh)/Judging (Phn quyt) c khuynh hng bc l nm kha cnh tnh cch sau: 1) nghim tc v chu o, 2) chnh
xc v t chc tt; 3) hp l, th t v thc t; 4) sn sng nhn trch nhin cho nhng g
cn phi hon thnh; v 5) lun theo st, c bit khi c s hin din ca chng ngi
vt.
Bn c th tm hiu v cc kha cnh c th ca 16 dng tnh cch MBTI ti cc ngun
nh http://www.myersbriggs.org/ hay http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myers-Briggs.
C th thy, nhng kha cnh tnh cch trong bc th 2 s gip mi ngi hiu c ti
sao c nhng dng tnh cch tng t nhau nhng li c s khc bit do c nhn nhn
theo nhiu cch thc khc nhau. Quan trng hn, bc th hai s gip cc nhn vin

29

hiu c ti sao h v cc ng nghip s hon thnh nhng nhim v nht nh theo

mt cch thc ring bit.
Thng thng, cc cng ty s dng cng c MBTI mi ngi c th hiu c cc
dng tnh cch ca nhau cng nh nhng tnh cch ca c tp th.
Vic bc l nhng im mnh v im yu ca mi ngi theo mt khun mu c
thit lp nh kiu MBTI s cung cp cc ch dn, ng li cho mi trng lm vic, qua
y mnh lng tin v s cng tc gia cc nhn vin.
Mi ngi s nhanh chng nhn ra rng, khng dng tnh cch no tt hn dng tnh cch
no - gia chng ch c s khc nhau. MBTI cng cho cc nhn vin thy lm th no
s khc bit ca tng c th c th to ra thnh cng chung ca tp th.
MBTI c xem l cng c nh gi nhn vin hiu qu khi m cc kt qu ca n c
ng dng mt cch hiu qu trong cng vic. Ni cch khc, cc kt qu c th thc y
s hc hi, tm ti ca mi ngi v v vy dn ti nhng giao tip thnh cng hn cng
nh nhiu phng php gii quyt vn thch hp nht.

30