Unit 01 • Algebraic Tools for Operating with functions

1.1 Reviewing Exponent Laws 1 1

• a2= and • a−m =
a−m am
1
1.2 Rational Exponents •a n = √ a, when n is a natural number || if n is
n

odd, a can be any real number.

m
• a n =¿√n am =( √n a) m.

1.3 Solving Exponential Equation

Half Life: •

1.4 Add, Subtract, Multiply, • a2 - b2 = (a - b)(a + b) • a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

Divide Polynomials • a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)
• a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2)

Unit 02 • Quadratic Functions and equations

2.1 Complex Number System •i 2=−1 • i=√ −1

2.2 Max or Min of a Quadratic • y= a( x-h)2+ k if a> 0, K is Minimum

Function By completing if a < 0, K is Maximum
Square

2.3 Solving Quadratic Equation −b ± √ b2−4 ac

Quadratic Formula : x=
2a
2.4 Tools for Operating with > Complex Numbers

3.4 Reflections of functions • y= f(-x) reflect in y-axis

• y= -f(x) reflect in x-axis

Unit 03 • Transformations of Functions

 Unit 03 • Special Formula

a>1, expand vertically

Vertical a<1, compress vertically

b>1, compress horizontally by a factor of 1/b

Y = - a f {-b ( x- h) } - k
b<1, expand horizontally by a factor of 1/b
Horizon
k>0, Graph goes upward
Reflect in x axis
k<0, Graph goes Downward
axis

Reflect in y axis

Unit 04 • Trigonometry

4.1 Basic Formulas • SOH CAH TOA

1 1 1
• csc θ= • sec θ = • cot θ =
sinθ cosθ tanθ

• sin2θ + cos 2 θ= 1 • 1+cot 2 θ=csc 2 θ

sinθ
• tan 2 θ+1=sec 2 θ • tan θ=
cosθ

4.3 Sine and Cosine Law • a/sinA= b/sinB

•when measure of two angles and
any sides are given
•measure of two sides and the
angle opposite one of these sides
b2 +c 2−a 2
• a 2=b2 +c 2−2 bccos A • cosA=
2 bc
• when measure of two sides and the contained angle

• the measure three sides

 4.4 The Sine Law: Obsicute Triangle (A≥90®)
The Ambiguous case If a≤b ( no triangle)
If a>b ( one solution)

Acute Triabgle ( A<90®)

a≥b ( one triangle)
a<b
• a< bsinA ( No triangle)

Unit 05 • Trigonometric Functions

5.1 Radians and Angles measure arc length

• Number of Radians = radius or θ= a/r

• To change radian measure to degree measure, multiply

180
the number of radians by ( )°
π

• To change degree measure to radian measure, multiply

π
the number of degrees by ( )
180

5.2 Trigonometric ratios of any • CAST law :

Angle S A
Sine + All +

T C
Tangent + Cosine +

• 30-60-90 triangle
( hyp=2, Adj= 1, Oppo= √ 3 )

• 45- 45-90 Triangle

( hyp= √ 2, , Adj= 1, Oppo= 1)
Unit 05 Special Formula for Sine and Cosine Graph

If A>1, graph expand vertically

If A<1, graph compressed vertically

If k>1, Graph compressed horizontally by 1/k

If k<1, Graph expanded horizontally by 1/k

Y = A sin k(x-θ)+b

b is vertical
translation

Θ is Phase shift, relative

to sin(kx)

K is period = 2 π /k

A = Amplitude

Unit 06 • Sequences and Series

6.2 Arithmetic Sequnces • t n= a+ (n-1)d ( a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d,..., …, )

6.3 Geometric Sequence • t n=ar n −1 (a, ar, ar2 , ar 3,…,…,..)
6.5 Arithmetic Series n
• Sn= [2 a+ ( n−1 ) d]
2

6.6 Geometric Series a (r n−1)

• Sn=
r −1

Unit 07 • Compound Interest and Annuities

7.2 Compound Interest • A= P(1+i)n A= Amount
P= Principal Invested
• i= r÷N
i = Interest rate per compounding period
• n= yN n= Number of compounding period
r= Interest per annum
N= number of compounding period/year
Y= number of years
PV= Present value
R= the payment made at the end of each
7.4 Present value A compounding period.
• PV= n
(1−i)
Or
• PV= A(1+i)−n

7.5 Amount in Ordinary Annuity R [ ( 1+i ) n−1]

• A= i

7.6 Present Value of an ordinary 1− (1+i ) −n

• PV= R[ ]
Annuity i