Ilpanor KyJITypHOj crpannpadmjn MaHaCTUpa CBeTUX apxauhena KO,U

Ilpmpeua
BECHA EI1KI1l1, ApXeOJIOWKH HHCTHTyT, Eeorpan
OCTaUH KOMnJIeKCa MaHaCTHpa CBeTHX apxanhena
KOJl ITpH3peHa* Ben smue neueunja npHBJIa4e naxn.y

crpysne jasnocrn, nocefino apxurexara H ncropnuapa

yMeTHOCTH. IhHXOBH paJlOBH, 3aCHOBaHH aa TepeHCKHM
HCTpa)/{HBalhHMa, JlaJIH cy BeJIHKH JlOnpHHOC H3Y4aBalhY
oaor I13Y3eTHO suauajnor KOMnJIeKca. ITpBe 06HMHe
apXeOJIOWKe panose 06aBHO je 1927. rOJlHHe npodr. P.
l pyjnh. lbcrosa ncrpaxnaaisa 6HJIa cy ycvcpcna na
orxpnaau,e OCTaTaKa fJIaBHe MaHaCTJlpCKe upxne, xao H
Malhe upxse CB. HHKOJIe. ITpeUH3Ho sohena
ncrpaxnsan.a nopen OCTaTaKa :.HIJlOBa nsnena cy na
CBeTJIO naua fipojne yJIOMKe MepMepHe nJIaCTHKe, xao H
Dpyre nerarse rpannsa, WTO he xacnnjc ovoryhurn na ce
carnena HeKaJlaWlhH mfJIeJl OBHX xpauosa. OrpaHH4eH
pacnOJIO)/{HBHM CpeJlcTBHMa, P. Fpyjuh y CBOjHM
HCTpa)/{HBalhHMa nnje 036HJbHO saurao y npyra MaHacrnpcxa 3Jlalha, HHTH y crapnje KyJITypHe CJIojeBe. 1
Hacrasax ncrpaxuaan.a YCJIeJlHo je TeK 1961-1965.
ronnne non PYKOBOJlCTBOM apx. C. HeHaJlOBHna. 2 TOM
npHJIHKOM on pyuieanna je pauruuuhen ueo KOMnJIeKC,
ami, Ha)/{aJ10cT, 6e3 aohen.a apXeOJIOWKe JlOKyMeHTaUHje. Ca cnojesnaa uiyra TaKO cy HW4e3JIa H apXeOJIOWKa
caenouaacrsa 0 nocnenrsn naHHMa )/{IIBOTa MaHaCTHpa, EynynH na je OCHOBHH UIIJb panona n04eTKOM ureane-

* Osaj pal y ckpaheuoj aepsnjn caonurren je na Fonnunseu

cxyny Cpnckor apxeoncuixor lpyWTBa y Ilpmpeay, xraja 1996.
ro.mne.
I P. Fpyjuh, Orxonasan.e (BeTHX apxauhena KOj Ilpmpena.
(Ilpennunnapan Il3BCwTaj), (WCIIW: c,{017C,,"OZIWl"lIl1h' i)P.nll!Ti/w
III, (KOnJbC 1929, 260-267.
2 C. HeH<ljOBHn, JIYllIal/ll/w 3ai)Y,JlCVlIlla .1Ialwc!Tillp C/1('!TillX
apxaulicu: ""0i) Ilpuspeua, CrroMeHHK (XVI, Onen.erse npyurrsennx
nayxa, H, c. Ig, Eeorpan lvo", 24-67,

ceTHX ronnna 6HO na ce Jl06Hjy nOJlaUH 0 apxnrexrypn

MaHaCTHpa HOTKpHBeHH ocraun xonaepnnpajy, crapnju
apXeOJIOWKH CJIOjeBH HH oaora nyra HHCy HCTpa)/{HBaHH.
Taxo je 6e3 paspeuren.a OCTa-o np06JIeM WTa je nperxonHJIO mrpanlhH 3HaMeHHTe 3any)/{6HHe napa Crerpana
)J,ywaHa. Iloxyurajn na ce npOHHKHe y Moryne onrosope
oCTajaJIH cy y nOMeHy npeTnOCTaBKH HCTpa)/{HBa4a. To
je 6HO nOBOn na ce 1992. rOJlHHe 3an04HY apXeOJIOWKa
ncrpaxnnan.a y WHpeM KOMnJIeKcy rsphaee Bmuerpaa H
MaHaCTHpa CB. apxanhena. Pe3YJITaTH n06HjeHH Ben na
caMOM n04eTKY ncrpaxnaaa,a ynyhyjy na H3Y3eTHO
CJIO)/{eHY crparnrparpcxy curyaunjy, ca nocrojarseu
smue Hace06HHCKHX XopH30HaTa y nyroM pasnofin.y on
npancropnje, na CBe no 16-17. sexa. On nocefinor je
.
.
.
3Ha4aja H3nBajalhe JlBa cpenn.osexoaua XOpH30HTa KOjH
npeTXOJle BpeMeHy H3rpanlhe upKBe H MaHaCTHpCKHX
srpana. Mana CKpOMHH no 06HMy, OHH npyxajy nOCTa
COJIl1nHO nOJIa3HWTe aa pasaarpaisa 0 YJI03H osor MeCTa
y paHHjHM enoxava cpenn.er sexa. C 063HpOM na TO na
cy nOcanaWlhH pe3yJITaTH apXeOJIOWKHX ncxonanan.a
nOCTa neTaJbHO 06jaBJbeHH, ca CTpaTHrpaCKHM H
OCTaJIHM nOTpe6HHM sanaxan.nva,' y OBOM npunory
na)/{I-bY 611 ycxcpunn na pasnofin.e cpenjser sexa, OnHOCHO na nonarxe xoje npyxajy aHaJIH3e KepaMH4Kor
MaTeplljaJIa, 4HMe 6H ce Ben nocrojehn npernen KyJIrypne crparnrparhnje Morao yCMepHTH xa jenHoM
npyra-mjc npncryrty H3Y4aBal-b11MU MUHaCTJlpCKe
uennne CBeTIIX apxanhena KOn IT piupeua.

apxeonouixa ncrpaxusan,a KOMapxanhena KOj Il pnspena, (W CII11'" Cp17cI\IiZ

apxeounuso) i)P.nll!Tilw 11, 1996, 20g21
J

M, MHnIIHKOBHn, HOB<l

nnexca

(B.

280

BeCHa bllKlIn

10

11

12

~---

10

Cn. 1.- Manacrnp CB. apxanhena KOLl Ilpnspeua. CJl. 1,2,4-6, g, 9,11: Fpnsapuja H3 nusoa 11. sexa: CJl. 3,7,10,12: Fpnuapnja H3 HHBoa
12. sexa (UPTeiKH: M. TarraBH4KH). - Fig. 1. Monastery ofthe Holy Archangels at Prizren. Fig.- 1, 2,4-6,8,9, 11: Pottery from the horizon of
Xl century: Fig. 3,7,10,12: Pottery from the horizon of XII century. (Drawings: M. Tapavicki).

KaKO je nosnaro, npnnnsov HCKOnaBaJ-ba VICTOLJHOr

KOHaKa, y cesepnov LLeJlY XOLLHHKa OTKpllBeHII cy nennMHLJHH ocraunjenner crapnjcr 06jeKTa. Y HCTOM HIIBOY,
y3 3HLL rpaijeBHHe HaijeHH cy H LLenOBH KepaMHLJKHX
nOCYLLa, nperexno nouaua (en. 1/1,2,4-6,8,9,11). CBe
nOCYLLe mpaheue cy na pyLJHOM rpHLJapCKOM BHTny, OLL
LLOCTa LL06po npe-nnuhene rnuue ca LLoLLaTKOM necxa,
Mpxe cy fioje, y nnjancaua OLL TaMHOMpKe LLO
upsenxacrc. Cavo ce LLBe nocyne pa3mIKyjy no cacrasy
rMIHe, rj. LLoLLaUHMa: KOLL jennnor npuaepxa 3LLene y
CTpyKTypH ce sanaxajy CHTHH KOMaLLH xpe-nsaxa, a y3
TO je HCBeTJlOOKep 60je (en. 1/1), LLOK je jenan OLL nonaua
nspahen OLL rnune KOjOj je LLOLLan seha KOnHLJHHa
JIHCKyHcKor npaxa (en. 1/6). Ha rpnxapnju m OBe
uenune ykpac Je yrnaauov ypesan, mBeLLeH LLOCTa
He6pH)!{JbHBO, WTO je HapOLJHTO nspaxeuo KOLL
Ta:laCaCTIIX JIlIHHja. CneUHCpHLJHOwny opnauenra H3LLBaja ce caMO jenan, MaJ-b11 nonau ykpauien KOCHM y60LLIIMa

mBeLLeHHM LJeWJbeM - rpefienov (CJ1. 1/4). OBa nOKaJIHa

rpn-rapnja, npeva nocrojehnv KnacHqmKaUHjaMa,
KapaKTepllCHILJHa je 3a nOCneLLJ-bY erany paasoja
EanKaHCKo-nOLLYHaBCKe xynrype, xoja ce na umpev
6aJ1KaHCKoM npocropy BpeMeHcKH onpene.syje y pasLL06.Tbe OLL nOCneLLJ-bHX neueunja 10. LLO xpaja 11. sexa.
n povene xojece na rpn-iapnju TaLLa youasajy nacrajy y
HOBHM ycnoanva, y3 BmaHTHjcKe nocane y yTBpijeJ-bIIMa
H onrouapajyhu nacen.naa. MaLLa jane nspaxeue na
varepejany y nOLLYHaB.TbY, OBe npouene HMajy csor
.
.
OLLJeKa H Ha rpnsapcxy npOLLYKllHJY y yHyTpaWJ-bOCTH
Ea.ncana. OHe ce na uenox npocropy MaHHcpecTyjy
ycaapurennjox TeXHOnOrHjoM mpaLLe nocyna, a raxohe II
nojeWIHHM 06mIUHMa, KOjH cy y BeJIlIKoj MepH Mel)yc06HO CnHLJHH y nOMeHyTIIM 06naCHIMa (en. 1/1,5,6,8,11).
OBa nojasa sanaxa ce H na nauie nOLLPyLJjy, a TaKBe
Mel)yc06He napanene ce, 3a cana, Mory nonyhu mMel)y
rpn-iapnje In Eeorpana, Bennxor Fpanua H KOCTOJIa y

Ilpnnor KyJJTypHOj crparnrpadiaja MaHaCTl1pa CBeTl1X apxashena KOLl Ilpmpena

281

\/

\
\

ill
11

Cn. 2.- MaHaCTIlp CB. apxauhena KO;1 Ilpnapeua. Kyxuacxa KepaMI1Ka 113 pa3Ll06Jba apyre nOnOBI1He 14. LlO CpeLlI1He 15. sexa (UPTeiKI1: M.
TanaBWIKI1).- Fig. 2.- Monastery of the HolyArchangels atPrizren. Kitchen wares from the period between the second halfof XIV and the middleof XV century. (Drawings: M. Tapavicki).

cpenu.eu DonYHaBJbY H Favsnrpana, rnphase Pac KOn

HOBor Ilasapa H CBeTHX apxanhena y yHyTpaWJ-bOCTH
Cp6Hje. 4 Ilpeua KapaKTepHCT11KaMa, xoje ce onnoce na
TeXH0J10r11jy nspane, o6mlKe nocyna 11 BpCTe yxpaca,
rpnxapnja 113 onor HI1BOa Morna 611 ce naroBaTH y 11.

BeK, HTO najncposarunje TeK on cpenune osor CTOJ1ena.

MCTOM KyJlTypHOM xopnsonry npananana 611 HY sehoj
4 B. DHKI10, CpeqlbO(1(l!\O(i/la uepauut Eeo2paqa, Eeorpan 1994,

52-53.

282

BeCHa 511KI10

\7/1 T
3

-6

o
-,,"",

---5

11

10

10

CJI. 3.- Manacrnp CB. apxanhena Kon Ilpnspena. Tpnesna KepaMI1Ka 113 pasnotin.a npyre nOJIOBI1He 14. nocpenuue 15. sexa (UpmKI1:
M.TanaBl1ljKI1). - Fig. 3.- Monastery ofthe Holy Archangels atPrizren. Table wares from the period between the second half of XIV
century and the middle of XV century. (Drawings: M. Tapavicki).
Mepl1 ourreheua rp03.nOJlI1Ka nayuinnua, seponarno

uanas m rpofia.'
Y uenocpenuoj 6mnHHII nperxonno paavarpanc
uennue, raxohe y cesepnoj srpann Hero-mer KOHaKa, y

5 M.

MI1JII1HKOBI10, oj). cit., l1g, 221, T. II/g.

cnojy MpKe :JeMJbe oTKpHBeHa je jow jenna rpyna xepaMH4KHX nocyaa (en, 1/3,7, 10, 12). Ma.na ce csera nap
npuvepaxa MO)l{e THnonOWKH onpennm, OBa rpmapuja
yxaryje Ha nocrojan.e jenner xpOHonOWKH Mnai)er
HHBoa KOJH Je ua OBOM cervenry Hana:JHWTa OCTao
cauyaan cavo y TparOBHMa. Fpn-iapnja H3 novenyror
ausoa je fion.er xsannrera y cMl1cny npnnpeve rnuue,

0pH110r xynrypaoj crparnrpadmjn MaHaCTllpa CBeTllX apxanhena KO;:r Ilpnspena

06JlHKOBaJ-ba H neseu.a cynosa, H y schoj je MepH yjennauena y TlmOnOWKOM CMHCJly. I1aKo ce XpOHOJlOWKH
nenocpeauo nacraan.a na rpnsapnjy npeTXO,UHe enoxe,
OBa HOBa ca J-bOM liMa spno MaJlO CJ1IIYHOCTH, OnHOCHO
oLlnHKyje ce paaanjeunjov npOCpHJIaUlljOM, nocefino y
'30HII 060na, II :3HaTHO penyxonanna yKpaCOM.
Clll4HOCT ca xpOHonOWKII crapujnv MaTeplljanoM nocrojn, II TO Y HaYHHY 06.11HKOBaJ-ba - Ha PYYHOM BI!TJly,
xao II y BpCTl[ rnnne xoja je ynorpefin.eua sa mpany
nocyna, WTO ynyhyje na MHWJbeJ-be 0 xopmuhen.y HCTor
H3BOpHWTa CHpOBHHe, a raxohe H na y OCHOBH HCTy
npnuen.cny TeXHOJlOrHjy ne-ien,a cynosa. Eon,n
KBaJlHTeT xpOHonOWKH MJlarye rpmapnje 6H ce, C
06:3HpOM Hd noxeuyre CnHYHOCTH, Morao 06jacHHTH
HanpeTKOM y osnanaaau.y seurrune mpane KepaMHYKHX
nocyaa. CBe nasenene KapaKTepHCTHKe YKa3HBane 611 na
apeue najseher ,UOMeTa noxanuor rpnsapcxor sanara y
pa:3,U06JbY 12. H na no-ierxy 13. croneha. Ilouenyro
narosau.c xepaunxe norxpenn.yjy H paunje oTKpHBeHH
npuxepun uauxacror HOBua, xao II jenua Mana 6pOH-

sana xorna.'
Tpehn, HajMJlaDH CpenJ-bOBeKOBHH HHBO onrosapa
speveny y xoje upxsa CBeTHX apxanhena Ben nocrojn
xao :3anY)l(6HHa uapa,QywaHa. KyJlTypHH CJlojeBII osor
xopnsonra OTKpJ1BeHJ1 cy na CBHM HCTpa)l(eHHM
nOBpWHHaMa ynyrap MaHaCTHpa, a J-berOBH rparonn
nocroje H y yTBPDeJ-by Bmuerpan. Y npocropnjava
I1cToYHor KOHaKa, KOjH je no cana jenuna y nornynocrn
apxecnourxn ncrpaxena rpahennna, naheno je nOCTa
npcnvera MaTepHjanHe xynrype, MeDY xojnua je
rpnsapnja najfipojnnja (en, 2, 3). Onaj KepaMHYKH
MaTepHjaJl y uenuuu je nokanne nspane H onnnxyje ce
BenHKOM pasnoapcnourhy o6nHKa, Meryy xojuua ce
HCTHYY nOHUH cajenno Hnne npunre. 11 npcva HaYHHY
mpane rpn-rapnja je yjenHaYeHa - CKOpO CBe nocyne cy
06nllKOBaHe na PY4HOM rpHYapCKOM xony, ca
BllnJbllBIIM OTHCUHMa nopane npcrnua ca ynyrpaunse
CTpaHe, OC[[M upeny.fba Koje cy 06nHKOBaHe pyKaMa,
OLlHOCHO 6e:3 ynoTpe6e BHTJla. fJll[Ha on Koje cy
IBparyeHII cynOBH je COJlHnHO npe4HwneHa, canOnaTKOM
neCKa, a 60ja I[M je yrnaBHoM MpKa, y HHjaHcaMa on
MpKOCHBe no upBeHKaCTOMpKe. noje)lllHe3nene HnOHUI[
cy MaCJlImaCTmeJleHO rneDOCaHI[ (cn. 2/4; CJl. 3/2-4, 11).
BenHHa JlOHaua H nOKJlOnUH cy yKpaweHII ype:3aHHM

(, Ihid., 216, 222, T. 1I19.

283

J1HHHjaMa II y60)ll[Ma, KOjH ce jasn.ajy HJlH caMOCTaJlHO

IIJl1[ y pa:3Jl1IYHTIIM Meryyc06HHM KOM6l1HaulljaMa. no
nurau.y yxpaurasan.a, cneUHCpl[YHII cy Kplla:3H, na xojuMa ce sanaxa cnuxan.e MOTHBa 6enOM 60jOM (en. 3/5-7).
rOTOBO CBH o6nHUH nocyna y OKBHpy seher 6poja
OPMH on pannje cy noaaarn ca HaJla:3HWTa y
yHyTpaWJ-bOCTH Cpfinje, a HajBI[We cnHlIHOCTIl Hana:3HMO
na rpnuapujn IB Kpyuresua H Cranaha, xao II MaHaCTlIpa Paaanuua II Crynennua.? Ilpeua IICTOpHjCKIIM
.

nonaunaa I[ pesynraruua xoje npyxa apxeonornja crparnrpadmjn II aHanH3aMa nOKpeTHI[X nanasa XpOHOJlOWKH oxnnp osor XOpll30HTa je npyra nOJlOBIIHa
14. no cpennne 15. scxa.
Y nOKpeTHoM MaTepHja.TJy H:3 osor HHBoa H3nBajajy
ce nsa npenuera: 6yKJlHja yxpaurena crpadnrro
TeXHIIKOM (en. 3/9) H craxnena -ratua pefipacro npodmJlIICaHOr rpfiyxa.
MeDY 6pOjHHM 06Jll1KUHMa
KepaMHlIKHX nocyna 6YKJlHje cy rOTOBO jennna cpopMa ca
jacno mpaJKeHOM nsojaxo cPyHKUHjOM: xao nocyna 3a
cnyxeu.e TeliHOCTIi sa Tpne30M, a raxohe H sa HOWeJ-be
na nyry. Ilopen xapaxrepncrnsnor 06J1HKa, CBe 6yKJlIlje
1[3 osor pasnofin.a onnnxyje H nspaxeua nexopaTHBHOCT. QCHM pefipacro npodinnucanor ccpepHliHor
nena rpoyxa H crpadnrro yxpaca, Ha 6yKnlljH IB KOHaKa
y CBeTIIM apxaHryeJlHMa npexo )I(yTO rnehocane OCHOBe
cy cnHKaHH MOTHBH 3eJleHOM rnehn. Mana ce y cpnCKIIM
CpenJ-bOBeKOBHHM rpanosnua H MaHaCTllpCKHM KOMnneKCIIMa 6YKJlHje yrnasnou nanase y spno cpparMeHrapnov CTaJ-bY, YHHH ce na cy CBe no cana ofijann.ene y
OCHOBII HCTor 06m[Ka, ann pa:3J1HlIHTO yxpaiuene. To je
~enHo H pa3nor WTO HHCy HaryeHa nBa HneHTHliHa
npnaepxa, a aHaJlOrHH npiutepun ce CBOne na HCTHuaJ-be
cnuunocru nojennnnx enevenara 06J1HKa HJ[H yxpaca.
Ilpcua OBOM xpnrepnjyvy, nocrojan.e nnacruunor

7 )J,. Mnnnh, 0 pH110r naroaau y cpenn.oaexoaue xepaauxe 113

Kpyuresua, CtTlaplI/Wp XXX/1979, 1no, T. 111-5, T. III/I, CTp. 45:
)J,. MIIHHn, O. ByKa;:rHH, C. nOPDeBlIn, CpenfuOBeKOBHH rpan
CTa11an, PaU/l\a UaU/lTilllw I, KpaJbeBO 1975, 188, T. II11-3, 7: M.
Eaja11oBHn-XaUH-OewHn, Kepa.lllll\{{ )' cpeijlbolie/{()(Woj CpUlljll,
EeorpaJ:11981, OTO 41;)J,. MaJ:1ac, ApXeOJlOWKH paJ:1oBI1 Y~laHac
HIPy PaBaHI11111 1967-1971, C{{o17uuTielb{{ Pe17)'u.lUlfI\02 ](/(iOij{{ ]{{
]aU/tTIl1tT1y c17o.lle/llll\a 1\y-'tTlype X, 1974,81, C11. 5,CTp. 85: M. Pa;:raHJOBHH, M. JaHKoBHn, C. TeMepI1HCKH, CtTlYijeTIU1/{{ Y Cl1etTI.IOCLTill
apxeO.IOu//{l/X II apxIIlTieluTiollCf.:lIX lICLTip{{.7ICL/(Wlbil, in B.l nYPlln
(ed.) E.W20 .1lilllilclTilljJiI ClTiYijellUl/e, fanepllja CAHY, KaTanor
I13noiK6e 63, EeorpaJ:11988, 62, C11. 3111, 63, cn. 32/1, 3, cn. 33/3, 64,

cn. 34/2.

284

BeCHa DIIKlI!1

na npe.rasy coepmnor y 604HII neo npH6mDKlInO

6H naiuy 6yKJ1Hjy npnxepxy OTKplIBeHOM y HOBOM
Epny,' 1l0K 6H crpadnrro YKpaC 6HO HajCnJI4HHjll OHOM
na CTYIleHH4Koj 6yKJ1HjH. lJ DpeTXOIlHO pasuarpane 6yK:1Hje, a raxohe H OBOM npHnHKOM cauo noveuyra BpCTa
CTaKneHHX -tatua, jasn.ajy ce cpasuepso 4eCTO H Ha
IlpyrHM HCTOBpeMeHIIM nananrurmaa, WTO ovoryhaaa,
nopen CTHnCKHX ananma, H panrarpan.e Ba)l{HIIX
nnran.a 0 npunpcan osor nonpysja y cpenacv sexy,
Ilojasa 6yKJlllja 3Ha4ajHa je :.m uinpa HCTpa)l{IIBaJ-ba 0
. .
.
yruuajy B1I3aHTIIJCKe KepaMIIKe, crapnje II IICTOBpeMeHe,
Ha cpncko rpH4apCTBO, LlOK ce na OCHOBy CTaKneHHX
.
.
.
-raura, KOJe .iocnenajy YI3 IITaJlHJaHCKIIX pannonnua
nOCpe)1CTBOM Lly6poBa4KIIX rprosaua, Mory noysnannjc
nparnru nyrenu xapasancxe TprOBHHe y yHyTpaWJ-bOCTII
Cpe)1J-bOBeKOBHe Cpfinje.
Onaj xparax npernen MaTeplljaJlHe xy.rrype m cpenJ-bOBeKOBHIIX XOpYI30HaTa, nopen paunje 06jaBJbeHlIX
pesynrara HCTpa)l{IIBaJ-ba, HCTH4e KOMnneKC Csernx
apxanhena KO)1 Ilpnspena xao BHWeCJlojHH JlOKanHTeT
ca 3Ha4ajHoM paunjox Cpe)1J-bOBeKOBHOM KOMnOHeHTOM.
To noxpehe HH3 Ba)l{HHX rnrrau.a 0 yn03H osor MeCTa y
enoxava xoje nperxone H3rpa)1J-b1l npxse 11 3aCHlIBaJ-bY
vanacrnpa y speve napa Crediana ):(ywaHa. Jacue cy
IIHLlHulIje 0 xopnurhcn.y osor npocropa y nosuoj aHTlIUII, a nOTOM O:l J 1. na Ll,0 xpaja 14. scxa y HeKonHKO
erana. Bpeveay 06HoBe )I{llBOTa y cperusev sexy npunanajy OTKplIBeHII rp060BH, a raxohe II oCTaUlI jenner
)1emIMH4HO ncrpaxenor 3HIlaHOr 06jeKTa y 6mI3HHIl.
Ilpenveru MaTeplIjaJ1He xynrype JlOKanHOr cy xapaxTepa, OLlHOCHO mpahyje HX H KOpHCTlI CTaHOBHIIWTBO na
repuropnjn non Bl13aHTlljcKOM vnpasov.
Doce6HO nnran-e npencrann.a nocrojaise caxpanne
rpahennue. C 063HpOM na TO na cy rparosn pannjer
pe6pa

upsse. 06HOBa npesnor CBenIJllIWTa BepOBaTHO je 61ua

Ilpmpencxe enncxonuje, xoja ce

npsoj nOBeJbH uapa Bacnnnja II
Oxpnncxoj apxnenncxonnjn H3 1019. ronnne. ill Y Be311
. .
.
ca OBlIM 3Ha4ajaH je 11 nonarax na Je y ceanurry
Enncxonnje - Eoroponnun Jbenuurxoj - y TOKy
HCKOnaBaJ-ba crapuje upxse nahcn HOBau napa POMaHa
JTaKanJIHa, WTO 611 YKa3HBano na nocrojan.e OBe upxse
Ben y 10. BeKy.11 Y OBOM nepnony OHa HeMa paur
enncxonnje, OLlHOCHO HeMa je Meljy enncxonnjaua
Eyrapcxe upxse 113 spevena CIIMeOHa. C 063IIpOM na
y Be31I ca OCHIIBaJ-beM
nOMHJ-be

Ben

npeTxo,aHO

1I3HeCeHe

nOllaTKe,

BpeMe

HaCTaHKa

06jeKTa BpJlO cJla60 ca4yBaHH, MO)l{e ce caMO npeT-

Ilpnspeucxe enucxonnje 6Hno 6H y TOKy npyre

nonosnne 10. sexa. Ilovenyrn HCTOplIjCKlI nO)1aUH, a
raxohe H npcnnunnapnn peayrrrarn ncrpaxnaau.a II
anannsa nOKpeTHHx nanasa YKa3HBaml 6H na TO na je
06HOBa KaCHOaHTlI4KOr CBenInHWTa na MecTy xacuuje
upxse CBeTlIX apxanhena najeepoaaruuje ycnenuna xpajev 10. unn y npBlIM neueuujaaa 11. sexa.
3a npyry erany, xoja ce nenocpenno HaCTaBJba na
nperxonuy H rpaje TOKOM 12. H na caMOM n04eTKY 13.
sexa, MO)l{e ce pehu na je non ja4HM yruuajev BH3aHTlIjcxe xynrype. Bene npncycrno BYI3aHTYIjcKe sojcxc y rana
rpann-moj ofinacrn npeva Cpncxoj npxann, nopen
HCTOPHJCKHX nonaraxa, MO)l{e ce nOTBpAIITH II ua OCHOBy
uanara HOBua, kao H KapaKTepHCTl14He rpmapnje.
5YAynH na sa paanofin.e H3Meljy npBHX neuennja 13.
II cpcnuue 14. sexa 3a cana He nocroje apxeonourxn
rparonn, OHO ce MO)l{e nonexne pexoncrpyncarn na
OCHOBy BeCTII 113 HCTOpHjCKUX usaopa. Ilpaa je m 1220.
ronune II ronopn 0 nporepnaan.y rpsxor euncxona 113
Ilpmpena, na nnje je MeCTO nOCTaBJbeH Cp6UH.12 113
npyre, n03HHje BeCTH casnaje ce na je Biuuerpan (TOpJ-b11
rpan) xpan. MIIJIynlH nOKnOHIW npl13peHCKOM
enucxony, 3ajeAHo ca rpaACKOM UpKBOM CB. HIIKOJle. 13

nOCTaBHTH ,na je Ha OBOM MecTy nocTojaJla CTapHja

Jow je,nHa BeCT roBOpH 0 pa3A06Jby npe I13rpanJ-be HOBe

upKBa, BepOBaTHO

m 6.

BeKa, Koja je y cpe,nJ-beM BeKy

upKBe. To je n03HaTlI nOnaTaK na je uap j],ywaH nOnH-

06HOBJbeHa. OTKpllBeHH rp060BII 611, y TOM cny4ajy,

nplIna,nanlI apeany HeKponone KOja ce pa3BlIna OKO

10 11. MaKclI~IOBllh, Tplli1'.1IIji B1I3al/tTtllje 17o t{etTtl\o.lI Xl (iel\({,

UCluopllja cp17cI\O? Iwpoya I, 6eorpa!l 1981, 176-178.

xf. MapjaHoBlln-ByjoBlln, CpeY'bli liel\, in: Apxeo.wlll/\O u./(/,;o

]UIIP/\II, KaTaJlOr IUJloiK6e, HapO!lHII My:5Cj y
DCOrpaJy,DeOrpaJ 1983, 145-146(KaT.118).

CpvlIje II] .1I.1'JejC/\lIx

lJ

E. nejoBlln, KatTta.lo? apxeo.wllIwx I/a./(/]a, in B.J. nyplln

(ed.) E./(/?O .1Ial/actTtlipa CtTtryeI/1I1!e, fac1epllja CAHY, KaTaJlOr

lUJlOiK6e 63, SeorpaJ 1988,78, CJl. 54, CTp. 77, 80(KaT. A 55).

in

II C. HeHa!lOBllh. EO?OpoyUl!a Jbelwwl\({, Ibelt IWCIUal/a/\ II Ibel{()

.1IeClu0.1' apxlItTtel\tTtrpll ;\fll.{.1'tTtlll/()(W? lipe.lIeIW, Scorpall 1963, 23-

14.
12 g. DorJaHOBllh, npeoupa.llcaj cp17cl\e l!p'\'(ie,
cpliC/\'O? Iwpoya f, 6eorpaJ 1981, 317, 320.

in UCluopllja

13 C. HeHaJOBll!l, JI.nll{{/{()(i({ ]aY.l';J/culi/w .1I{{//({ClUIiP C(ietTtlix

apXill/!;e.w /\IIi) npll3pelw, 9.

Ilpnnor Ky;1TypHOj crparurpadmjn xranacrupa Cscrux apxanhena Kon Ilpnspena

rao CBOj xpav na MecTy crape upxse xoja je )],0 reven.a

nopyuiena." 113 CBe TpH nanencac necrn eBII1leHTHO je na
je o,aMax HaKOH nonna-rcn.a Bnsanruje Ilpmpen ca
OKOJlHHOM nocneo y cpncxe pyxe, a TaK01)e II TO na y
speve xparsa Miuyruna TBp1)aBa Bmuerpaa nocrojn.
To, Me1)yTHM, H ,iJ,aJbe OCTaB.Tba OTBopeHHM nnrau,a na
. .
.
JlI1 II crapnja upxsa nOCTOjH y TO speue H ,iJ,a JlH je y
cPyHKUHjH. Hera ,allJleMa ocraje H sa pa3,iJ,06Jbe
nenocpenno npe nsrpann.e HOBe upxse CBeTlIX
apxanhena, Ma,aa nexa HOBa ncrpaxnnan.a ornapajy
MorynHocT aa paspeurerse osor mrran.a. Canpxajn nna
.
.
.
,iJ,OKyMeHTa cy OLl snauaja sa OBa paauarpan,a: jenan je
IB MJleTaLIKOr apxnna 113 1340. ronnne, a npyn: je
apxanhencxa nosen.a npmpencxov MaHacTHpy, II 06a
rosope 0 reurkoj 60JleCnl xpan.a ~ywaHa, O,aHOCHO
n.eroaov 4YLleCHOM II3Jle4eI-bY H, nosono rora, mpasnMa 3aXBaJlHOCni. 15 Ha OCHOBy noveuyrux noxyvenara
II3HeCeHa je npemocrasxa na ce ncucn.cac xpan.a 36HJlO
y HeKaKBOj Be311 ca crapnv CBenlJllIWTeM KOjI
Il pnapeua."
Ilpnxaarau.e OBe
npernocranxe
nonpaayveaano 611 H CTaHOBlIWTe na je crapa npxsa y
TO speve 611Jla y cPyHKUlljl1. Ilpeva TOMe, peanno 611
6HJlO 04eKHBaTII Lla cy Ha n~ejIHHIIM cerMeHTHMa

14fhid.,5.
15 Ilonosuh, Ilpencrasa ananapa Han "uapcxn sparnua"
upxse CB. apxauhena Kon Ilpmpeua, Caouuuueu. Pet7yfi./lI lII\O?
J({I!0ij({ 3({ J({ll/lTiU!uy cuoveuuua I':)'.lluype XXVI/1994, 30-31.

n.

16

lbid., 31.

285

OCTaJllI 04YBaHII TparOBH KyJlTypHIIX cnojesa 113 npevena BJla,aaBIIHe xpan.esa Crepana npBOBeHLIaHor H

Munyruna.
Ilocnenu.a CpejII-bOBeKOBHa erana, 113 spevena nocrojau.a KOMnneKCa CBeTHX apxanhena, najoon,e je nosnata. 11 nOKpeTHl1 MaTepHjan IB OBOr XOpII30HTa, npe
csera rpnxapnja, jacno noxasyje CTIIJlCKY npHnaLlHOCT
CpnCKOM KyJlTypHOM xpyry, O,aHOCHO yxanana ce Y Ben
pannje yOLIeHy TllnOJ10WKY YHYIcpIIUllpaHOCT rpnuapnje y
pa3Ll06.rby 14. scxa.
KOMnJleKC CBeTHx apxauhena KO,a Ilpmpena, Ben
npeva npBHM pe3YJlTaTHMa HOBHX IICTpa)l(IIBaI-ba, H3,aBa.
.
ja ce xao IBY3eTHO 3HaLIajHO nanasmure ca CJlO)l(eHOM
CTpaTHrpacPCKOM cnryauujo. OrpaHHLIaBaI-beM osor
npnnora na pasnofin,e cpemser sexa, noxyiuann CMO na
YKa)l(eMO na 3HaLIaj npe csera pasnofin.a xoje nperxonn
IBrpa,aI-b11 3aLlY)l(6IlHe napa Crerhana ~ywaHa.
Hajnaxnuja nuran,a ce onnoce aa 3HaLIaj KyJlTHOr
MeCTa, 4Hjll ce KOHTHHymeT MO)l(e, ca BeJlHKOM BepOBaTHonOM, npemOCTaBIHl1 noues on pa3,iJ,06.1Ja n03He
aHTlIKe, O,aHOCHO 6. croneha, na CBe no cpe.nnre 15. scxa,
xana TYPwI HCTOBpeMeHO ca ocaajan.ev Ilpnspena pywe
II cnarsyjy UpKBy CBeTHx apxanhena, He :vtaI-be Ba)l(HH cy
H npofinevn y Be3H ca BpeMeHOM 3aCHIIBaI-ba pannjer
cpeL\I-bOBeKOBHor nacen,a na npocropy Y3 DHCTpIlUY, a
raxohe II ca speveuov HaCTaHKa TBp1)aBe Bmuerpan H
n.enor xopmuhen.a y enOXH cpemser scxa. Ha OBa H
npyra naxna mrran,a nOTnyHH onronopn Mory ce
OLIeKIIBanl TeK HaKOH 0611MHHjllX apXeOJlOWKHX

nctpaxnnau.a.
UDK 726.7.033.2(497.115):902.01-03"653"

ACONTRIBUTION TO THE CULTURE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE MONASTERY OF THE HOLY ARCHANGELS AT PRIZREN
VESNA BIKIC, Institute ofArchaeology, Beograd

The traces of monastery complex of the Holly Archangels at

Prizren are drawing the scholars' attention for decades. The assessments ofarchitects and arthistorians based upon field research, contributed greatly tothe study ofthis im portant ed ifice. Archaeological
research, however, has not been advanced since the first exploration
of R. Grujic in 1927. The basic objective ofall previous research was
toobtain the data on monastery architecture and its conservation, and
hence the earlier achaeologicallayers were not explored. Therefore a
problem ofwhat preceded tothe construction ofthis remarkable lega-

cyof King Stefan Dusan remained unsolved. Itwas a motive to initiate the archaeological excavations in 1992, in a broader area of the
Holy Archangels, i.e., the monastery complex and the Visegrad fortification. The new results were immediately obtained indicating a
complex stratigraphical situation. Several settlement horizons covering a long period since prehistory until XVI-XVII centuries were
uncovered. Distinguishing the two medieval horizons, which preceded the construction of church and buildings of the monastery complex, is especially important. It is a solid starting point in discussion

286
onthe role of this place in earlier Medieval epochs. Based upon the
present survey of culture stratigraphy, this contribution focuses on
data obtained from the analysis ofceramic material which may lead to
a different approach tothe research ofthis complex.
Indications of using the noted area are distinct in the Late Roman
period, aswell aslater in a period between eleventh and mid-fifteenth
century. The time of Medieval renewal of the settlement isrepresentedby burials and, not far from them, traces of partly explored masonry. Objects of material culture inthis horizon are of a local character,
i.e., manufactured and used by population settled in the territory under
the Byzantine government (fig. 1/1. 2, 4-6, 8, 9, 11). A sacral construction renovated in Medieval times, which replaced an older church
dating probably from VI century, represents a specific problem.
Reconstruction ofthe old sanctuary was probably related to the estabIishment of Episcopacy at Prizren, taking place in theend of X,or in
the first decades ofXI century.
The second stage follows immediately, covering a time-span
between XII and thebeginning of XIII century. The region was under
much stronger influence of Byzantine culture in this period. Apart

BeCHa DHKIIl1
from historic documents, this influence could be confirmed by
coinage and pottery (fig. 1/3,7,10,12).
For the time being, therecord islacking for a period between the
first decades of XIII century and the middle of XIV century.
The last Medieval stage - since the Monastery of the Holy
Archangels came into existence, iswell understood. It covers a timespan between thesecond halfof XI Vand themiddle of XV century.
The attribution to the Serbian culture circle is clearly indicated by
archaeological finds, primarily theceramic vessels from this period,
i.e., itconforms topreviously noted typological uniform ity ofthe pottery between XIV and the first halfofXV century (fig. 2, 3).
Apart from questions related to significance and continuity ofthe
ritual place. it isalso necessary to resolve important problems associated to the time ofestablishment of the oldest Medieval settlement in
the zone along the Bistrica river, and the time of establishment and
use ofthe Visegrad fortification in the Medieval epoch. Answers toall
these questions may be expected only after archaeological explorations onlarger scale.