Tai Lieu HTML

HNG DN NHP MN HTML
Bi ny s trnh by v nhng b n ca ngn ng nh du siu vn bn (HTML), nhng thc cht

chng c g b n. Nu bit cch dng trnh x l vn bn, bn c th to ra cc trang Web ch
trong vi pht.
Nh c xy dng trn nn vn bn v ho, World Wide Web (WWW) a Internet nhp vo
dng chy ca cuc sng. Nhng tnh hp dn ca WWW vt xa hn nhiu so vi giao din ho,
l ci li cun nhiu ngi dng PC khng rnh k thut. Nh HTML tng i n gin nn
nhiu ngi bnh thng c th to ra cc Web site y n tng. Nu bn khao kht mun a ci g
ca mnh ln Web, th tt c nhng iu m bn cn c l mt ti khon ng k vi hng cung cp
Web, mt t b quyt v HTML, v mt cht c sng to.
Bi bo ny s a bn i mt chuyn du lch trn trang Web in hnh, bn c th thy n c
thc hin nh th no. c bit, bn s c gii thiu v cc phn t cu to nn HTML (Hypertext
Markup Language - Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn) - linh hn cc trang Web. V ngay c trong
trng hp khng c d nh to ra Web site ring cho mnh, th bn cng c thm c hiu bit v
nhng g xy ra khi bn ni vo Web v xem cc trang a thch.
HTML: Ngn ng nh du:
Sau nhng lng ngng vi vi trang Web trong cuc du lch Internet, c th bn ngh rng phi c gi
phn mm tinh vi thu c tt c nhng hiu ng trang tr y quyn r ny. Mc d c mt s
cng c dnh cho nhng ngi say m HTML thc s, nhng bn c th dng mt trnh son tho
vn bn bt k nh Notepad ca Windows to ra nhng trang Web hp dn.
S tht l hu ht cc trang u khng c g khc ngoi vn bn c gia c thm bng mt phn t
HTML xp t ng quy cch. hiu c cch hot ng ca chng, bn phi xem xt tng t
trong cm t Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn v xem chng c ngha g:
Siu vn bn (HyperText). Nh bn bit, lin kt siu vn bn l mt t hay mt cu trong trang
Web dng ch n trang Web khc. Khi nhn chut ln mt trong cc lin kt ny, trnh duyt ca
bn (nh Netscape Navigator hoc Internet Explorer) s a bn tc khc n trang Web kia m
khng cn hi han g. V nhng lin kt siu vn bn ny tht s l tnh nng c trng ca World
Wide Web, cc trang Web thng c bit nh l nhng ti liu siu vn bn. Cho nn HTML c t
siu vn bn trong tn ca n, v bn dng n to nn cc ti liu siu vn bn ny.
nh du (Markup). C t in nh ngha markup l cc ch dn chi tit v kiu dng c ghi trn
bn vit tay xp ch in. Trong lnh vc ny, chng ta c th vit li nh ngha nh sau: cc lnh
chi tit v kiu dng c nh vo ti liu vn bn a ln WWW. l HTML theo mt nh
ngha tm tt. N gm mt vi m n gin to ra vn bn nt m hoc nghing v cc bng lit
k du chm u dng, cc hnh ho chn thm vo, cng vi s xc nh cc mi lin kt siu vn
bn. Bn nh cc m ny vo nhng ch thch hp trong ti liu vn bn gc, trnh duyt Web s
thc hin vic dch chng.
Ngn ng (Language). y c th l t d nhm ln nht trong cm t ny. Nhiu ngi din gii
HTML nh l mt ngn ng lp trnh. HTML khng c g lin quan n vic lp trnh my tnh c.
HTML gi l ngn ng ch v n gm cc tp hp nh cc nhm hai n ba ch v cc t m bn
dng quy nh kiu dng nh nt m hoc nghing.
Cc th HTML:
By gi chng ta cng i su vo cc khi nim ng sau HTML, v xem xt mt s v d mu.

bt u, tt c cng vic phi lm l khi ng trnh son tho vn bn yu thch ca bn v bo m
c mt ti liu rng c hin th.
Trnh x l vn bn ca bn phi c kh nng lu tp tin dng vn bn. Notepad lm vic ny mt
cch t ng; cn cc trnh x l vn bn khc, nh Word v WordPerfect, th c tu chn vn bn
trong hp thoi Save As. Hy tham kho ti liu thuyt minh ca trnh x l vn bn. ng thi bn
phi lu cc trang vi ui m rng HTM hoc HTML, nh trong Homepage.htm chng hn.
To lp trang Web l mt vn n gin, ch cn nh vn bn ca bn vo ri chn thm cc k

hiu nh du, gi l th c dng nh sau:
<TAG>vn bn chu tc ng</TAG>
Phn th l mt m (thng ch c mt hoc hai ch) xc nh hiu ng m bn yu cu. V d, cho
th nt m l <B>. Cho nn nu bn mun cu ACME Coyote Suppplies xut hin theo kiu ch
m (bold), bn phi a dng sau y vo ti liu ca mnh:
<B>ACME Coyote Supplies</B>
Th u tin bo cho trnh duyt (browser) hin th tt c phn vn bn tip theo bng phng ch
m, lin tc cho n th <B>. Du gch cho (/) xc nh l th kt thc, v bo cho trnh duyt
ngng hiu ng . HTML c nhiu th dng cho nhiu hiu ng khc, bao gm ch nghing (italic),
du on vn bn (paragraph), tiu , tn trang, lit k, lin kt, v nhiu th na.
Cu trc c s:
Cc trang Web khc nhau, t nht hay sinh ng, v ngha hoc rt cn thit, nhng tt c u c cng
mt cu trc c s, nn a s cc trnh duyt ang chy trn hu ht cc kiu my tnh u c th hin
th thnh cng hu ht cc trang Web.
Cc tp tin HTML lun bt u bng th <HTML>. Th ny khng lm g khc ngoi nhim v bo
cho trnh duyt Web bit rng n ang c mt ti liu c cha cc m HTML. Tng t, dng cui
trong ti liu ca bn lun lun l th </HTML>, tng ng nh Ht.
Chi tit k tip trong catalog th HTML dng chia ti liu thnh hai phn: u v thn.
Phn u ging nh li gii thiu cho trang. Cc trnh duyt Web dng phn u ny thu nht cc
loi thng tin khc nhau v trang. xc nh phn u, bn a thm th <HEAD> v th
</HEAD> vo ngay sau th <HTML>. Mc d bn c th t mt s chi tit bn trong phm vi phn
u ny, nhng ph bin nht l tn trang. Nu c ai xem trang ny trong browser, th tn trang s
xut hin trong di tn ca ca s browser. xc nh tn trang, bn t on vn bn tn gia
cc th <TITLE> v </TITLE>. V d nu bn mun tn trang ca mnh l My Home Sweet Home
Page, bn a n vo nh sau:
<TITLE>My Home Sweet Home Page</TITLE>
Phn thn l ni bn nhp vo cc vn bn s xut hin trn trang Web ln cc th khc quy nh dng
v ca trang. xc nh phn thn, bn t cc th <BODY> v </BODY> sau phn u (di
</HEAD>).
Cc th sau y xc nh cu trc c bn ca mi trang Web:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> tn trang <TITLE>
Cc th tiu khc
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Vn bn v cc th ca trang Web
</BODY>
</HTML>
Vn bn v cc on:
Nh trnh by trn, bn b sung vn bn ca trang Web bng cch nh n vo gia cc th

<BODY> v </BODY>. Tuy nhin, cn nh rng khng th bt u mt on vn (chng, mc) mi
m ch n phm Enter. Bn phi dng th bo cho browser bit rng bn mun chuyn vo mt
on vn mi:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>My Home Sweet Home Page
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Vn bn ny s xut hin trong phn thn ca trang Web.
<P>
Vn bn ny s xut hin trong mt on vn bn mi
</BODY>
</HTML>
B sung nh dng v cc tiu :
HTML bao gm nhiu th lm p cho vn bn trong trang. Bn thy trn, mt t hoc mt cu

s hin thnh dng ch m nh th no khi c t vo gia cc th <B> v </B>. Bn cng c th
biu hin vn bn theo kiu ch nghing bng cch bao chng li bng cc th <I> v </I>, v lm
cho cc t xut hin dng cch n vi cc th <TT> v </TT>.
Ging nh cc chng sch, ni dung ca nhiu trang Web c chia thnh cc on. gip phn
cch cc on ny v lm cho d c hn, bn c th s dng tiu . L tng nht, cc tiu ny
phi c tc dng nh l nhng mc nh, th hin tng tm tt v on vn . lm cho cc
mc ny ni bt, HTML c 6 loi th tiu hin th vn bn theo phng ch m vi nhiu c
ch khc nhau, t ng vi phng ln nht n ng vi phng nh nht.
Lm vic vi cc lin kt siu vn bn
Th HTML dng thit lp cc lin kt siu vn bn l <A> v </A>. Th <A> hi khc so vi cc
th khc m bn gp v bn khng th dng n mt mnh m phi km thm a ch ca ti liu bn
mun lin kt. Sau y l cch hot ng ca n:
<AHREF=Address>
HREF l vit tt ca hypertext reference (tham chiu siu vn bn). Ch cn thay t a ch bng a
ch thc ca trang Web m bn mun dng lin kt . Di y l mt v d:
<AHREF=http://www/dosword.com/dosworld/index.html>
Nh vy cn cha kt thc. Tip theo, bn phi cung cp mt s vn bn din gii lin kt nhn
chut vo . Cng vic cn li l chn vn bn vo gia cc th <A> v </A> nh sau:
<AHREF=address> Vn bn lin kt </A>
Sau y l mt v d :
Why not head to the <AHREF=http://www.dosworld.com/dosworld/index.html>DOSWorld home
page</A>?
Chn hnh:
Nu bn mun Web site ca mnh ni tri hn, bn phi theo xu hng ho vi cc hnh nh c
chn k lng. Lm th no chn hnh vo trong khi cc tp tin HTML ch c vn bn? Nh b
sung th <IMG> vo ti liu, n s ra lnh Chn mt hnh vo y. Th ny xc nh tn ca t tin
ho trnh duyt c th m tp tin v hin th cc hnh:
<IMG SRC=filename>
y, SRC l vit tt ca source (ngun) v tn tp tin l tn v ng dn ca tp tin ho m bn
mun hin th (dng dng GIF hoc JPG). Gi s bn c mt hnh tn l logo.gif nm trong th mc
Graphics. a n vo trang Web, bn dng dng sau y.
<IMG SRC=Graphics/logo.gif>
Cc bng tham kho HTML trn Web:
Mt vi th bn thy trong bi ny ch l nhng ci vn vt trn b mt HTML. C hng t cc th b
sung khc cho php bn thnh lp cc danh sch lit k du u dng, cc bng, v c cc biu tng
tc.
tm hiu v chng, bn hy th dng mt trong cc bng tham kho HTML trn Web. Yahoo! cung
cp mt danh sch cc tham kho ny a ch http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/
Information_and_Documentation/Data_Formats/HTML/Reference/
ng thi, Microsoft cng c mt bng tham kho HTML xut sc (d nhin c ci vo Internet
Explorer ca ring h) a ch:
http://www.microsoft.com/workshop/author/newhtml/default.html.
Cui cng khi bn tr thnh chuyn gia vit m HTML, th mt trong cc phng php tt nht
bit nhiu hn v HTML l xem m m nhng ngi khc dng xy dng cc trang ca h.
Ngay khi c mt trang c th trong browser ca mnh, bn hy lu chng li (dng File/Save As trong
Netscape Navigator hoc File/Save As File trong Internet Explorer), ri m tp tin lu n ra xem
trong trnh x l vn bn ca bn.
Ngoi ra, Netscape Navigator v Internet Explorer cng cho php xem cc trang bt k c m ra
trong browser; hy chn View/Document Source trong Netscape Navigator hoc View/Source trong
Internet Explorer.
Cc b son tho HTML
Khng nht thit phi tm hiu cc th HTML to dng cc trang Web. C nhiu chng trnh
Windows c th thc hin cng vic chn thm cc th thch hp ny mt cch t ng. Sau y l v
d mt s trnh son tho ang c sn:
Word 97. Phin bn mi nht ca Microsoft Word c sn kh nng HTML, bao gm c cc v d mu
v lnh Save to HTML chuyn i cc ti liu World hin hu thnh HTML.
Netscape Composer. Mt phn ca b Netscape Communicator, c k thut to trang WYSIWYG
(thy g c ny) v tch hp cht ch vi Netscape Navigator. Hy tm a ch
http://home.netscape.com/ c nhiu thng tin hn.
WebEdit. Chng trnh WebEdit xut sc ca Kenn Nesbitt c giao din trc gic v h tr hu ht
cc th HTML c trn hnh tinh ny, ng thi tc rt nhanh.
HomeSite. y l mt trnh bin tp HTML tng i mi. Mt iu rt ngc nhin l n c bin
son bi mt ngi v tranh bim ho - tc gi ca phim hot hnh Dexter. N l mt b son tho
y tnh nng, bao gm c trnh kim tra chnh t ci sn, browser, frame wizard, cc th HTML
m ho mu, v nhiu ci khc na. Tm theo a ch http://www.dexnet.com/homesite.html.
Bi Xun Toi
DOS World 6/97
Son tho vn bn HTML

Cu trc ca mt trang vn bn HTML
Din gii
Chng trnh bao gm 3 phn:
<HTML>, </HTML>: m u v kt thc mt chng trnh
<HEAD>, </HEAD>: m u v kt thc phn u chng trnh
<BODY>, </BODY>: m u v kt thc thn chng trnh
M ngun:
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>Ta th d</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
Xin cho cc bn
</BODY>
</HTML>
Kt qu:
Xin cho cc bn
Ch :
Xu k t nm gia <TITLE> v </TITLE> khng hin th trn trang Web m hin th ti
thanh pha trn ca Browser.
Xu k t nm gia <TITLE> v </TITLE> c t trong phn header khi trang Web
c in ra.
Xu k t nm gia <TITLE> v </TITLE> c ghi li khi bn cp nht trang Web ny
vo mc cc trang Web yu thch (Fovorites).
u trong mt trang vn bn HTML
M ngun:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Ta th d</TITLE>
<HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>y l u 1</H1>
<H2>y l u 2</H2>
<H3>y l u 3</H3>
<H4>y l u 4</H4>
<H5>y l u 5</H5>
<H6>y l u 6</H6>
Kt qu
y l u 1
y l u 2
y l u 3
y l u 4
y l u 5
y l u 6
Xung dng v chia on trong trang HTML
Din gii
Khi bn nh my mt vn bn trong mt chng trnh son tho vn bn no , bn c

th ch cn bm phm Return kt thc mt dng hay mt on vn, nhng bn s cn phi
lm nhiu thao tc hn khi bn mun phn nh ring cc on vn khc nhau trong mt trang
Web. Browser t ng b qua cc m xung dng bnh thng. V vy bn phi vit thm th
<P> phn on hay vit th <BR> ti v tr c th m bn mun xung dng.
M ngun (vi on vn bn s dng m xung dng bnh thng)
Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit nam
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
n xin vic
Kt qu
Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit namc lp - T do - Hnh phcn xin vic
M ngun (c s dng th <BR> v <P>)
Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit nam<BR>
c lp - T do - Hnh phc<P>
n xin vic
Kt qu
Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit nam
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
n xin vic
ng k ngang
Din gii
ng k ngang ch yu c dng phn nh mt trang Web thnh nhng phn c
tnh logic v d nhn. C khng nhiu kh nng ho trong ngn ng HTML, bi vy ng k
ngang l mt cng c rt c ch
M ngun
<HR>
<HR SIZE=10>
<HR NOSHADE>
<HR WIDTH=40>
<HR COLOR="FF0000">
Ch : C th t hp cc ty chn trn vi nhau

Danh sch phn loi
Kt qu
Din gii
y l mt danh sch cc l do cho thy ti sao danh sch li rt c ch. Bi v: N c
tnh hp dn trc quan . N c th c s dng nhm cc yu t hoc kin tng t .
Chng ta c th d dng c lt qua cc danh sch v ghi nh cc yu t tng ng.
HTML cung cp mt nhm kh a dng cc kiu danh sch khc nhau. Mi loi danh
sch ny c mt cu trc nh dng ring. Chng bao gm:
Danh sch c trt t
Danh sch c trt t t ng nh s tng thnh t ca danh sch.
M ngun
<OL>
<LI>Yu t 1
<LI>Yu t 2
<LI>Yu t 3
</OL>
Kt qu
1.
2.
Yu t 1
Yu t 2
3.
Yu t 3
Danh sch khng c trt t

Danh sch khng c trt t nh du (chng hn cc nm trn) cho tng yu t ca
danh sch.
M ngun
<UL>
<LI>Yu t 1
<LI>Yu t 2
<LI>Yu t 3
</UL>
Kt qu
o
o
Yu t 1
Yu t 2
Yu t 3
Danh sch nh ngha

Mi yu t ca danh sch bao gm hai thnh phn:
Tiu c cn l pha tri (ch ra bi th <DT>)
Phn gii ngha c cn l tht hn sang pha phi (ch ra bi th <DD>)
M ngun
<DL>
<DT>Yu t 1
<DD>Ch gii cho yu t 1
<DT>Yu t 2
<DD>Ch gii cho yu t 2
</DL>
Danh sch kiu thc n
Kt qu
Yu t 1
Ch gii cho yu t 1
Yu t 2
Ch gii cho yu t 2
Mi yu t ca danh sch c cp mt ch s chng hn nh du trn. Trng rt ging

danh sch khng c trt t
M ngun
<MENU>
<LI>Yu t 1
<LI>Yu t 2
<LI>Yu t 3
</MENU>
Kt qu
Yu t 1
Yu t 2
Yu t 3
Danh sch kiu th mc

Trng kh ging danh sch khng c trt t
T hp cc kiu danh sch
Ta c th t hp cc kiu danh sch vi nhau
K t nh dng trc
Din gii
Kiu k t nh dng trc cho php bn c th bo ton cc du cch v du xung
dng trong trang vn bn HTML y nh khi bn g vo trong qu trnh son tho. iu c
ngha l bn khng nn s dng cc th <BR> cng nh <P> trong on k t nh dng trc.
Browser s dng phng ch b rng c nh (fixed-width font) hin th ni dung trong
phn k t nh dng trc. Thng thng, l phng h thng ang c s dng trong my
tnh ca bn.
Kiu k t nh dng trc rt c ch trong trng hp du cch l khng th thiu c,
chng hn nh khi th hin mt on m chng trnh.
Kiu k t nh dng trc c bt u bng th <PRE> v kt thc bng th </PRE>.
Khi trch dn
Din gii
Khi trch dn thng c dng trong cc trng hp s dng cc trch dn m rng.
Ton khi trch dn s c cn l tht vo c hai pha v to thnh mt khi ring so vi cc
on khc ca trang vn bn HTML.
Khi trch dn c m u bng th <BLOCKQUOTE> v kt thc bng th
</BLOCKQUOTE>.
Kiu ch
Din gii
Cc th kiu ch trong ngn ng HTML cho php bn iu khin c v b ngoi ca

bn thn cc k t - chng hn chng ta c th nh dng mt t l m hoc nghing. Cc nh
dng ny c th p dng t phm vi mt on hay ton b vn bn cho ti tng k t n l.
Cc th kiu ch ni chung c chia thnh hai nhm: c tnh vt l v c tnh logic.
Cc kiu ch
Kiu c tnh cht vt l
M ngun
Kt qu
<b>m</b>
<u>gch di</u>
gch di
<i>nghing</i>
nghing
<tt>teletype</tt>
teletype
Kiu c tnh logic
M ngun
Kt qu
<em>nhn mnh </em>
nhn mnh
<strong>nhn mnh hn</strong>
nhn mnh hn
<cite>trch dn</cite>
trch dn
<code>code</code>
code
<samp>sample</samp>
sample
<kbd>keyboard</kbd>
keyboard
<var>varible</var>
variable
<dfn>gii thch</dfn>
gii thch
K t c bit
Din gii
C nhiu k t m HTML dng vo mc ch c bit, tt nhin bao gm c k hiu <
(nh hn) v > (ln hn). Bi nhng k hiu ny c dng ch cc th m bn khng th
dng chng nh trong HTML. Bn c th dng du phi hp th hin cc k t c bit.
K t
Du phi hp
<
&<;
>
&>;
&
&
"
"
Th ch dn
Din gii
Ging nh tt c cc ngn ng khc, HTML cho php t nhng ch dn. Ch dn rt
quan trng trong khi son tho. Trnh duyt xt (browser) b qua phn vn bn nm trong th
ch dn nn ngi s dng khng th nhn thy chng trn trang Web. D nhin c th thy
chng khi xem m ngun.
Ch dn c gii hn bi tin t .
M ngun:
<TITLE>Ch Dn</TITLE>
<P><H2>Cch s dng th ch dn<H2>
<P>
<P><H4>Cc dng hin th trn my.</H4>
<UL>
<LI>BATIN xin cho cc bn.
<LI>Chc cc bn mt ngy lm vic vui v.
</UL>
Kt qu:
Cch s dng th ch dn
Cc dng hin th trn my
BATIN xin cho cc bn.

Chc cc bn mt ngy lm vic vui v.
Bng trong trang HTML
Din gii
Bng to cho bn cm gic thoi mi khi tm kim. Ngoi ra, dng bng trnh by
cng rt tin li. Bn c th a vn bn, hnh nh, danh sch v thm ch bn c th
chn thm vo mt bng mi. Bng HTML cng c cc chc nng trnh by, nh
dng, ng bin nh bng trong MS-Word, MS-Excel.
nh dng bng
Th
ngha
<TR> To dng
<TD> To ct
<TH>
To dng tiu (Ch in m, canh

gia)
Cc tham s trong th
Tham s
ngha
BORDER=n
nh dng ng vin vi ng vin n
WIDTH=n%
nh dng chiu rng ca bng n%
CELLPADDING=n
Khong cch gia vn bn v
CELLSPACING=n
Khong cch gia cc bin trong v ngoi ca
COLSPAN=n
Chia ct thnh n ct
ROWSPAN=n
Chia dng thnh n dng
ALIGN=(left, right, center)
nh dng l theo chiu ngang ca vn bn
VALIGN=(top, bottom, midle) nh dng l theo chiu dc ca vn bn

CLEAR=(left, right, all)
Chia dng thnh n dng
M ngun
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>To bng trong HTML</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<OL><LI><B>Bngg 1</LI></B> <CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER=9 WIDTH=70%>
<TR>
<TH>Thc n
<TH>Gi
<TR> <TD>C ph sa<TD>5.000
<TR><TD>C ph en<TD>4.000
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<P>
<LI><B>Bng 2</LI></B>
</OL>
<TABLE BORDER>
<TR>
<TH COLOR=#FFFFDD">Thc n
<TH COLOR=#FFFFDD">Gi
<TR><TD>C ph sa<TD>5.000
<TR><TD>C ph en<TD>4.000
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Kt qu Bng 1
Thc n
Gi
C ph sa
5.000
C ph en
4.000
Bng 2
Thc n
Gi
C ph sa
5.000
C ph en
4.000
Font ch
Din gii
HTML cho php bn thay i font ch th hin bng th <FONT>. Cng vi tham
s SIZE nh kch thc ch, tham s FACE thay i kiu ch v tham s COLOR
nh m ch. Ngoi ra HTML cn s dng mt s th khc.
Cc th dng nh dng font ch
Th
ngha
<S> </S>
Ch c gch ngang (A)
<SUB> </SUB>
Ch thp (A2)
<SUP> </SUP>
Ch ly tha (A2)
<BIG> </BIG>
Phng ln ch
<SMALL> </SMALL>
Thu nh ch
Hover - k thut thit k trang Web

Xy dng mt trang Web cn mt kin thc tng hp v sng to, cng ngh, s kho lo...
Nhng khng phi tt c mi ngi u mnh v mi mt, do vy vn t ra l chng ta nn
p dng nh th no cho hp l. C mt s xu hng th hin trang Web thin v ha, c xu
hng li thin v k thut.Trong bi vit ny chng ta s cng nhau xem xt n mt k thut
ph bin m cc web site rt hay s dng. Vi k thut ny bn c th p dng mt cch linh
hot vo cc tnh hung c th, yu cu khi thit k. Chng ta s cng nhau bn lun v k thut
Hover.
K thut Hover m chng ta ni y s c p dng trong cc mng l Hover Button, Hover
Text. c mt ci nhn r rng , chng ta s cng nhau phn tch mt web site ca Vit Nam v
mt web site ca nc ngoi xem k thut ny c p dng u. Nhng web site m chng
ta s n thm l : http://www.netnam.vn (website ca NetNam) v
http://www.microsoft.com/ms.htm (website ca Microsoft) .
1 - i vi Hover Button chng ta cng nhau vo Netnam nghin cu
Bn c th nhn thy l trc khi chut tr vo Services (hnh a) th nt ny mu trng, cn
sau khi tr vo th n mu da cam (hnh b), y chnh l biu hin ca Hover Button. Hiu qu
ca k thut ny l n em li s sng ng cng nh cm gic ni ca nt.
Nguyn tc lm c Hover Button rt n gin, n gn ging vi cch lm phim hot
hnh. Ta c th thc hin theo cc bc nh sau:
[+] Th nht vi trng hp ca nt Services bn cn phi to hai file nh : ServicesOn.gif v

ServicesOff.gif . ServiceOn.gif l nh mu trng nh hnh a, cn ServicesOff.gif l nh vi mu
da cam nh hnh b, lu l 2 nh ny phi c cng kch c vi nhau.
[+] Sau bn to mt trang Html vi mt on javascript test nh sau:
<html>
<head>
<title>Test Hover Button</title>
<script>
<!-if (window.focus) {
self.focus();
}
if (document.images) {
image1on = new Image();
image1on.src = "servicesOn.gif";
image1off = new Image();
image1off.src = " servicesOff.gif ";
}
function turnOn(imageName) {
document[imageName].src= eval(imageName + "on.src");
}
}
function turnOff(imageName) {
document[imageName].src = eval(imageName + "off.src");
}
}
// -->
</script>
</head>
<a href="services.html" onMouseOver="turnOn('image1')" onMouseOut="turnOff('image1')"><img
name="image1" src="ServicesOff.gif" border=0></a>
</html>
Nu bn mun thm nt Hover th 2 th ch cn lm li bc mt v sau chn thm cc
dng image2on = new Image();.... image2off = new Image();...
v nh c chn thm li gi Hover:
<a href="ten file lien ket" onMouseOver="turnOn('image2')"
onMouseOut="turnOff('image2')"><img name="image2" src="ten file anh Off " border=0></a>
2 - Hover Text , chng ta s cng nhau vo thm www.microsoft.com
Ngc li vi Hover Button, chuyn s dng ho thc hin, th Hover Text li ch s
dng text th hin k thut ny. Phi ni web site ca Microsoft tn dng ht sc trit
Hover Text, trong tt c cc trang ca site ny bn ti thm u thy xut hin Hover Text.
Cng tng t nh Hover Button, Hover Text s l hiu ng khi bn di chut vo mt lin kt
th lin kt i mu, hoc lin kt c phng to ra, hoc mt hiu ng no tu thuc
vo bn . Bn c th t ra cu hi l ti sao c Hover Button ri th t ra Hover Text lm g
cho phin phc. Tht ra Hover Button kh hn ch, nu site ca bn ch c mt s lin kt chnh
th c th dng Hover Button to hiu ng, nhng nu gp trng hp trang ca bn c
hai chc lin kt khc nhau th nu ci t Hover Button s ch lm cho trang web ca bn thm
rc ri v c bit l mt thi gian kh lu ti cc nh v. Mt s website tinh t thng th
hin Hover Button nhng lin kt chnh, mang tnh bao trm, cn nhng lin kt con tham
chiu ti nhng trang khc s c ci t Hover Text.
y ta s th ci t mt Hover Text, m khi ta di chut vo lin kt th n s i sang mu
. Bn hay th chy xem trang html di y :
<Html>
<Head>
<Title>Test Hover Text</Title>
<style type="text/css">
<!-A:link {color: navy; font:normal}
A:visited {color: #336699;}

A:hover {color: red; font:Bold}
A.bb:hover {color: #CC0000;}
A {text-decoration:underline}
-->
</style>
</Head>
<a href="Http://www.microsoft.com">
Http://www.microsoft.com - Ti thm Microsoft </a>
<br>
<a href="Http://www.netnam.vn"> Http://www.netnam.vn - Ti thm Netnam </a>
</Html>
Nh vy bn s thy im mu cht trong Hover Text l s dng CSS (Cascading Style
Sheet). Trong on style ta nh ngha mu ca lin kt s l xanh navy, font kiu normal. Khi
chut tr vo lin kt th lin kt s c mu v font s l kiu ch m.
Chng ta cng c th thay i gi tr mu sc tu theo tng hon cnh c th.
3 - Mt bn lun khc vi Hover
Trn y chng ta bn ti cch lm Hover Button v Hover Text vi java script, cch ny
kh d hiu v r rng. Ngoi ra bn cng c th dng frontpage to Hover. Vi frontpage cc
bn s d dng to ra Hover hn v n c giao din rt d hiu. Nhng hn ch l n li kh
nng n v cch to ca frontpage l dng applet ch khng phi dng script, nn khi ln ti ln
trn mng v ngi dng s dng s thy cm gic trang web tng i chm chp v nht
trong iu kin tc Internet ca Vit Nam th khng mang tnh kinh t lm. Cc web site Vit
Nam u hu ht c s dng k thut Hover, bn c th vo thm www.vnn.vn hoc www.fpt.vn
nghin cu k hn.
Dynamic HTML
nh ngha: Ngn ng nh du Siu Vn bn ng (Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language)
l phin bn m rng ca HTML v JavaScript, ngn ng ny c dng to trang thng tin
trn World Wide Web. Dynamic HTML c v tr vn bn v ho rt chnh xc v n cho php
ni dung ca trang Web thay i mi khi ngi dng nhn, ko hay tr vo nt, hnh nh hay cc
thnh phn khc trn trang ny.
Cng ngh c bit cn nhiu n lc hn na
Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn ng mang li cho cc nh pht trin kh nng to nhng
trang Web c hnh thc v tnh nng nh mt ng dng thc s. Ni th nghe d dng nhng
bn ng "tng b".
Hu ht cc trnh duyt World Wide Web cha c kh nng dng cc tnh nng HTML ng,
ngoi tr Navigator 4.0 ca Netscape v Internet Explorer 4.0 ca Microsoft. Tuy nhin, hai phin
bn ny li khng tng thch vi nhau hu ht nhng tnh nng HTML ng trn Navigator
khng c h tr trn Internet Explorer v ngc li. Kt qu l cc nh pht trin Web phi
chn la mt trong hai vit cc trnh ng dng hay phi chp nhn "chp v" m HTML
ng chy c trn c hai mi trng. Vi bt k phin bn no, ni dung ca trang Web cng
c thay i m khng phi ti xung bn mi.
HTML ng cho php ngi dng nh v chnh xc vn bn v hnh nh trn trang Web. C
hai trnh duyt ca Netscape v Microsoft u h tr h CSS kim sot v ngoi ca trang
Web. V d, cc nh pht trin c th thay i kiu ch v kch c ca tng dng tiu trn
Web site mt cch n gin bng cch thay i c t trong trang n xc nh hnh thc tng
ng.
HTML ng ca Microsoft phc tp hn ca Netscape v c c kh nng lin kt c s d
liu vi trang Web sa i ni dung ngay trong khi thc thi. Trc khi c HTML ng, iu
ny i hi phi b sung m chng trnh chy ngoi trnh duyt nh Java hay thnh phn
ActiveX.
Mc d cc cng c c th lm lu m s khc bit gia hai phin bn ny nhng cc nh pht
trin Web phi cn nhc v quyt nh v vic c cn b cng sc lp trnh vi HTML ng hay
khng khi m s ngi dng c th hng c tnh nng ny cn hn ch. Ch ring l do s
"thn dn" t i ca n cng lm cho HTML ng khng phi l ty chn ca mt s ngi
dng hin nay; trn 65% trnh duyt ph bin hin khng h tr HTML ng.
Mt s c s khc cho rng gi tr ca HTML ng l ng u t cng sc; c bit trong
trng hp mi ngi dng u c Internet Explorer 4.0. Microsoft cng nh Netscape cha
tuyn b lc no th trnh duyt ca h tng ng nhau; trong khi cha c trnh duyt nh vy
chim lnh th trng th HTML ng vn l mt cng ngh c bit.
Computerworld
HTML TAGS
010203040506070809101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233-


<!DOCTYPE>
<A>
<ADDRESS>
<APPLET>
<B>
<BASE>
<BGSOUND>
<BIG>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<BODY>
<BR>
<CENTER>
<CODE>
<COMMENT>
<DIR>
<DIV>
<EMBED>
<FONT>
<FRAME>
<FRAMESET>
<H1> n <H6>
<HEAD>
<HR>
<HTML>
<I>
<IFRAME>
<IMG>
<INPUT>
<MARQUEE>
<MENU>
<MULTICOL>
<NOFRAMES>
343536373839404142434445464748-
<NOSCRIPT>
<OL>
<P>
<STRIKE> hay <S>
<SMALL>
<SPACER>
<STRONG>
<STYLE>
<SUB>
<SUP>
<TABLE>
<TD>
<TR>
<TITLE>
<U>
M u - HTML l g, cu to mt trang web di dng HTML, mu ch, mu

nn...
vit HTML cho trang Web, bn hy start chng trnh NotePad ca Microsoft c i
km theo vi Windows. l mt ASCII Editor. Vit xong, bn hy save n vo mt
folder no d nh. Tn ca file ny bt buc phi c tn cng l .htm hoc .html
V d: start.htm. thng thc thnh qu ca mnh, bn hy open file bng mt
Browser.
Cu trc c bn
Mt document HTML lun bt u bng <html> v kt thc bng </html> (trong
bn cng c th vit nh hoc vit hoa <html> v </html>). Nh c cp TAG ny
m Browser bit c l HTML - document trnh duyt. Nhng ch ch
dnh ring cho Browser, ngi c ch nhn c nhng g vit gia cp TAG
<body> v </body>. Trong mt document html, ch thch c dng nh sau:

Nh vy mt trang web vit bng html s c cu trc nh sau:
<html>
<body>

</body>
</html>
Mt trang trng, khng c ni dung vi nn mu da cam s c vit nh sau:
<html>
<body bgcolor="orange">

</body>
</html>
[Xem v d]
Tt nhin, mt Homepage cn c ni dung (li vit v hnh nh):
<html>
<body bgcolor="beige">
<font face="Arial" size="2" color="black">
Cho bạn, đy l dng chữ viết
bằng font Arial, mu
đen, cỡ 2
</font><br><br>
<font face="Verdana" size="3" color="navy">
Cn đy l dng chữ viết bằng font
Verdana, mu xanh nước biển, cỡ 3
</font><br><br>
<font face="Bodoni" size="4" color="red">
Dng ny lại l font Bodoni, mu đỏ,
cỡ 4 </font><br>
</body>
</html>
face th hin cho mu ch, size th hin cho c ch (s cng ln th ch cng to) v
color th hin cho mu sc ca ch, #000000 l mu en, #FF0000 l mu ,
#FFFF00 l mu vng.
TAG <br> cho php bn chuyn sang dng mi. Bn c th dng nhiu <br> nh
bn mun. C mi ln c <br> l mt ln xung dng. Bn c th dng mouse phi
g vo nn ca mt trang web no ri chn source code tham kho xem n
c vit nh th no. y l cch tt nht khm ph ra nhng iu "b mt" ca
cc website p.
[Xem v d]
Nh vy l bn c th vit c mt trang web n gin ri . Mt trang web
bao gi cng c hai phn c bn l tiu v phn thn. Tiu lun c vit to.
Bn c th dng size ln hn v cng c th dng nhng TAG c nh sn cho
tiu .
<html>
<body bgcolor="#000080">
<center>
<font face="Verdana, Tahoma, Arial" color="#ffffff">
<h1>Tiu ca trang web</h1><br>
<h2>Welcome to my Homepage!</h2><br>

</font>
</center>
</body>
</html>
<h1></h1> l to nht v <h6></h6> l nh nht. Tiu lun nm trung tm

ca trang, v vy ta phi dng thm mt cp TAG na : <center></center> Tt c
nhng g nm gia cp TAG ny u c nh hng vo pha gia ca trang.
Trong v d ny, nn ca trang l xanh nc bin (#000080) ch mu trng.
B sung:
Trong mt HTML Document, ngoi phn body cn c phn head, c vit bi cp
tag <head></head>. Nu bn s dng cp tag ny, bn bt buc phi vit thm
mt cp tag na, l <title></title> Gia <title> v </title> l tn ca trang web
c browser trnh by pha trn cng ca menubar. Nh vy mt trang web vi
"u" s c cu trc nh sau:
<html>
<head>
<title>Trang web dau tien cua toi</title>
</head>
<body>
Phn bn cn trnh by. V d mt bc nh hay li vn.
</body>
</html>
Trong "head" ta cn c th a rt nhiu thng tin vo cho browser, search engine...

Ci s c cp n trong mt mc ring
Cch a tranh nh vo mt trang web
Trong trang trc, chng ta cp n cch trnh by ch trong trang web.
lm cho trang web sinh ng hn, hp dn hn, bn c th a thm tranh nh vo.
C nhng trang web lin quan n s liu, th v th cng l mt dng nh
(images). Sau y l cch a mt bc nh vo trong trang web.
nh cho vo trang web nn save di dng .GIF hoc .JPG
Khng nn to qu, y khng ni n kch thc (cm) m ni n knh c file
(s KB).
Khi scan, bn hy chn 72 dpi (dots per inch) bi v a phn cc mn hnh
my tnh lm vic vi phn gii ny.
Khi upload trang web, nh upload c nh.
Tn ca cc file nn s dng ch thng, khng nn s dng ch hoa. V d:
myphoto.jpg ch khng Myphoto.jpg.
Sau y l HTML Code a hnh nh vo trang web:

<html>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff">
<center>
<img src="myphoto.jpg" width="200" height="400" border="0"
alt="Here is my first photo">
</center>
</body>
</html>
Bn thy khng, iu rt n gin. Ch ring <img src="myphoto.jpg">

a mt bc nh vo trang web. img l image v src l source. Tt c nhng ci i
ng sau ch trnh by bc nh p hn thi. width l chiu rng ca bc nh
m bn mun, n khng ph thuc vo kch thc gc ca bc nh. height l chiu
cao. Tt c u o bng pixel. border="0" bo cho Browser bit l nh ny s c
trnh by khng c khung. alt c ch khi nh cha hoc khng c np (nhiu ngi
surf khng nh tn thi gian) Khi ngi xem bit c mnh s c xem
ci g.
Dng tranh nh lm nn cho trang web
Trong trang trc, chng ta ni n mu sc ca nn trang web. Bng cch thay
i thng s ca bgcolor, bn s to c mu nn khc tu theo s thch ca mnh.
Nh bn chc cng thy trong cc website n thm, mt trang web cn c
th c nn rt p, to ra t nhng bc tranh nh. Ci rt n gin. HTML Code
s nh sau:
<html>
<body bgcolor="#mu m bn thch" background="back.jpg">
</body>
</html>
[Xem v d]
Bn thy , y ch c mt s khc bit rt nh: ta thm background vo v
nhn c nn l back.jpg. Tu theo kch c ca back.jpg m nn trng khc nhau.
back.jpg s c ghp vo vi nhau nu nh c ca n nh hn window ca
Browser.
bgcolor c cng c m khng c cng vn c, n ch c tc dng khi back.jpg
v l do g khng c np.
Cch to lin kt (hyper link) ti cc trang web khc
Sau khi c tranh nh v bi vit, chc bn cng mun c mt vi links ti cc trang
khc. Trang ca bn v nhng trang m bn thch. Ri cng phi c mt ch m
ngi n thm ch cn click vo l c th vit th cho bn. Ch c th l mt
t, mt cu hay mt bc nh. Trang ny bn ang xem d nhng bn vn c th ng
qua [trang trc] mt cht. G vo bc nh bn bn cng c kt qu tng t.
Sau y l html code ca 2 lin kt trn.
Trang ny bn ang xem d nhng bn vn c th ng qua [<a

href="ihtml_2.htm">trang trc</a>] mt cht.
<a href="ihtml_index.htm"><img src="h_clinton.gif" border="0"
alt="Go vao day de quay ve trang index"></a>
Dng cp TAG <a href=""></a>, bn c th bin nhiu objects thnh links. Trong v
d ny, bn c bc nh ca Hillary Clinton v hai ch "trangtrc" lm lin kt
(links). Ch cn g vo l bn bc sang trang khc. Links khng ch gii hn
trong website ca bn, n c th a bn i khp ni trn internet. Sau y l code
ca mt trang vi links ti cc trang khc, v d trang web ca [Hi Ph N Vit
Nam] ti Bochum, CHLB c:
V d trang web ca [<a href="http://www.vifi.de"

target="_new">Hi Ph N Vit Nam</a> ti Bochum, CHLB c
v d trn, bn thy mt on code mi, l target="_new". Nu bit ting Anh,

chc bn cng suy ra c ngha ca on code . N c tc dng ch cho trnh
duyt (browser) bit s phi m trang web trong mt ca s mi (target = ch,
new = mi). Target cn c th mang nhng gi tr sau: "_blank" (nh "_new"),
"_top", "_parent", "_self" (3 gi tr ny ch dng cho nhng trang web c cha frame
- s cp n sau).
V y l cch to mt email-link:
Chc bn cng thy trn nhiu trang web c nhng link m ch cn g vo n l
chng trnh e-mail t ng m ra cho bn vit th ti mt a ch c nh sn,
nhiu khi tiu (subject) ca e-mail cng c sn. G [vo y] hoc vo biu
tng bn gi e-mail cho ti.
<html>
<body bgcolor="white" link="blue" alink="white">
<font face="verdana" size="2">
G [<a href="mailto:webmaster@tridung.de">vo y</a>] hoc
vo biu tng bn gi e-mail cho ti. <a
href="mailto:webmaster@tridung.de?subject=Test&body=This is a
test"><img src="ihtml_mail_button.jpg" border="0"></a>
</font>
</body>
</html>
Thay v a ch mt trang web, bn ch cn a mailto: v a ch e-mail, mun c
subject v text sn, ch cn thm ?subject=tiu &body=text

Mu ca lin kt:
Trong trang web ny, bn thy lin kt no cng mu xanh, g vo th thnh mu
trng, sau khi g th mu xm. iu c thc hin bi cc on code sau (trong
body tag): <body bgcolor="white" link="blue" alink="white" vlink="gray"> (alink=
active link, vlink= visited link)
ImageMap - thot nhn th phc tp nhng li rt n gin
Trn mt s trang web, bn thy mt bc tranh m khi g chut vo mi gc c th
ti mt trang mi. ngi ta s dng mt bc tranh, mt tm nh lm lin
kt. nh v tng khu vc trn bc nh, ngi ta s dng ta ca tng khu vc
. Bn th g vo trn, ming, mi, c ca Hillary Clinton xem v d. Ci
gi l ImageMap, s dng Code sau:
<img src="h_clinton.gif" width="117" height="158" border="0"
usemap="#Hillary">
<map name="Hilarry">
<area href="link_1.htm" alt="Trang
coords="29,24,82,52">
coords="25,58,82,84">
coords="25,82,81,103">
coords="33,106,84,140">
</map>
web 1" shape="rect"

web 2" shape="rect"
web 3" shape="rect"
web 4" shape="rect"
Trong bn t mt bc nh l MAP bng USERMAP: usemap="#Hillary", chia phn

trn map bng AREA, quy nh ta ca tng phn trn map bng COORDS:
coords="29,24,82,52", quy nh lin kt ca tng phn bng TAG quen thuc HREF,
nh hnh cho tng phn bng SHAPE: shape="rect". SHAP cn c th mang gi tr
circle (trn) , poly (polygon = a gic). Bn c th s dng COORDS nh sau:
Nu shape = "rect": coords="x1,y1,x2,y2", trong x1,y1 l ta gc trn
bn tri v x2,y2 l ta ca gc di bn phi ca hnh ch nht tnh t gc
trn bn tri ca bc nh.
Nu shape = "circle": coords="x,y,r", trong x,y l ta ca tm hnh
trn tnh t gc trn bn tri ca bc nh v r l bn knh hnh trn.
Nu shape = "poly": coords="x1,y1,x2,y2,...,xn,yn", trong xn,yn l ta ca
tng gc ca a gic tnh t gc trn bn tri ca bc nh.
tnh c ta ca tng AREA, bn dng mt phn mm x l nh nh Corel
PhotoPaint 10, PaintShop Pro 7... hoc phi on v th da vo kch c ca bc
nh. Hy g vo minh ha bn xem chi tit
Cch trang tr ch, b cc mt trang web
Trong trang trc, chng ta cp n cch nh hng mt object trong
document bng cp TAG: <center></center> Nhng g nm gia cp TAG ny u

c Browser a vo gia ca window. Nu bn khng nh hng th browser s t
ng theo th t t tri sang phi. Nhng ng vi th vi <left></left> hay
<right></right> v hai cp TAG ny khng tn ti ;-)
Mun c mt trang m tranh bn phi cn ch bn tri bn phi dng n TABLE.
Ci s c nhc n trong phn sau. Bn c th dng cp TAG <p></p> to
ra tng kh ca bi vit. Thc ra y ch l mt TAG n. Phn </p> ng sau c
th b i cng c. Tuy vy a phn cc Webeditor vn t n cui mt kh. Bn
c th nh hng kh ch v pha phi, tri hay vo trung tm. Ai tng s dng
Word u bit n iu , mi ci l khng phi dng n TAG thi. Bn cng c
th p dng TAG ny cho bt k mt object no khc nh picture, video...
<p align="left"> Ton b kh ch ny s hng v pha tri </p>
<p align="center"> Ton b kh ch ny s hng vo trung tm
</p>
<p align="right"> Ton b kh ch ny s hng v bn phi </p>
<p align="right"><img src="h.clinton.gif" border="0"></p>
Cng c th vit nh sau (khng c </p>):
<p
<p
<p
<p
align="left"> Ton b kh ch ny s hng v pha tri

align="center"> Ton b kh ch ny s hng vo trung tm
align="right"> Ton b kh ch ny s hng v bn phi
align="right"><img src="h.clinton.gif" border="0">
Tt nht bn hy [xem v d]
V sau y l cc kh nng trang tr ch, c th s cn nhiu th thut khc na
nhng cho mt trang bnh thng nh ca chng ta th c th gi l tm :
<b>Dng ch ny m </b>
<strong> Dng ny cng m</strong>
<i>Dng ch ny nghing</i>
<big>Dng
<b><i><u><big> Dng ny va
gch chn </big></u></i></b>
<small>Dng ch ny b hn</small>
<u>Dng ny li gch chn</u>
Nu ca hng bn gim gi t <strike> 20000 </strike> xung 15000
ch ny to hn</big>
to, va nghing, va m, va
Tng bnh phng hai cnh gc vung bng bnh phng cnh huyn:
a<sup>2</sup>+b<sup>2</sup>=c<sup>2</sup> (a2+b2=c2)
Cng thc ha hc ca nc l: H<sub>2</sub>O (H2O)
<em> Nu bn mun nhn mnh iu g </em>
Machine code: <code>100 Basic <br> 150 if....<br>then...<br>go

to</code>
Tn phm ca Keyboard: <kbd>Enter; Del; Contrl...</kbd>
a v d vo bi: <samp>Sample</samp>
Tn cc Variables trong lnh vc Programming:

<var>window.open("mywindow.html");</var>
Cc trch dn t nhng cu ni ca ai : <cite>Hc, hc na hc mi - L

nin</cite>
Ch dnh cho Netscape Browser: Ch nhp nhy <blink>Look at me now, i am

blinking</blink>
Ch dnh cho Internet explorer: Ch chy

o <marquee border="0" behavior="slide" width="239" height="17"
align="middle" scrolldelay="600" scrollamount="50">
Look at me now, i am s
</marquee>
<marquee border="0" behavior="alternate" width="239" height="17"
align="middle" bgcolor="#ffff00">
Look at me now, i am s
</marquee>
<marquee border="0" width="239" height="17" align="middle">

ELook at me now, i am s
</marquee>
Khi cn mt dng k ngang qua trang web nh di, bn c th dng tag <hr>
"k":
<hr> c th mang nhng gi tr sau: "noshade" (khng c bng), width="x" (trong

width l chiu rng v x c th l % v d width="80%" hoc pixel v d
width="600"), color="blue" (mu ca dng k), size="1" ( m ca dng k).
Dng trn c vit nh sau: <hr noshade color="#0000FF" width="80%"
size="1">
Thi vy, c l th l ri, nhiu qu li long mt ;-)

Table - b cc mt trang web s dng bng
Table - mt yu t rt quan trong trong cc Website p. Table cho php bn c mt
s chnh xc n tng pixel trong b cc ca Homepage. Vi Table bn c th trang
tr v b cc trang web ca mnh nh mt t bo vi nhiu ct khc nhau. Table lm
cho trang web ca bn c mt layout sinh ng hn. Trang ny ch cp ti nhng
ci c bn nht ca Table.
Cp TAG <table></table> to ra mt Table. Nh bn bit, mt Table c to ta t
nhiu dng v mi dng li c th cha nhiu . Mi cp TAG <tr></tr> to ra mt
dng, trong dng y bn c th s dng nhiu cp TAG <td></td> c nhiu .
Cng nh <p>, <tr> v <td> thc ra l mt TAG n, khng cn n </tr> v
</td> nhng nu cn thn, ta vn nn dng n nh mt cp TAG.
Table - mt yu t rt
quan trong trong cc
Website p. Table cho
php bn c mt s chnh
xc n tng pixel trong
b cc ca Homepage. Vi
Table bn c th trang tr
v b cc trang web ca
mnh nh mt t bo vi
nhiu ct khc nhau.
Table - mt yu t rt
quan trong trong cc
php bn c mt s chnh
v b cc trang web ca
mnh nh mt t bo vi
nhiu ct khc nhau.
Table - mt yu t rt quan
trong trong cc Website
p. Table cho php bn c
mt s chnh xc n tng
pixel trong b cc ca
Homepage. Vi Table bn c
th trang tr v b cc trang
web ca mnh nh mt t
bo vi nhiu ct khc
nhau.
Vi Table bn c th trang
tr v b cc trang web
ca mnh nh mt t bo
vi nhiu ct khc nhau.
Table lm cho trang web
ca bn c mt layout sinh
ng hn.
tr v b cc trang web
ca mnh nh mt t bo
vi nhiu ct khc nhau.
Table lm cho trang web
ca bn c mt layout sinh
ng hn.
tr v b cc trang web ca
mnh nh mt t bo vi
nhiu ct khc nhau. Table
lm cho trang web ca bn
c mt layout sinh ng
hn.
HTML Code ca bng trn c vit nh sau:

<table border="1" bordercolor="red" width="80%" align="center"
cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" bgcolor="gray">
<tr>
<td width="33%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" align="left">Dng 1 -
1</td>
2</td>
3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
1</td>
2</td>
<td width="34%" bgcolor="#feedd1" align="left">Dng 2 -
3</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table width="100%"> cho bit chiu rng ca table ny l 100%, con s ny

khng c mt gi tr c nh, n s thay i theo mc rng ca mn nh ca
ngi n xem, nh vy ngi xem khng phi scroll ngang. Nhng khi bn
dng mt gi tr c nh, chng hn: width="800", Table ny s lun lun
rng chng y pixel, bt k mn nh l 800 hay 1024 pixels.
<td width="33%"> cho bit, chim 33% chiu rng ca dng.
<table align="center"> hng bng vo trung tm ca trang web, <td align=

"left"> nh hng ton b ni dung ca mt . align c th mang cc gi tr
sau: "left" (ga tr mc nh - khng cn vit cng c), "center" (trung
tm), "right" (phi)
bgcolor c th s dng cho trang web (<body>), ton b table (<table>)

hoc tng (<td>)
border="1" bordercolor="red" c ngha: bng c khung vi dy 1, mu
Bn c th nh khong cch gia ni dung v khung trong mt bng

cellpadding, cellpadding="10" c ngha l text cch khung 10 pixels. Tng
t nh vy vi khong cch gia cc trong bng (cellpadding):
cellspacing="5" c ngha l cc ca table cch nhau 5 pixels
Table - mt yu t rt
quan trong trong cc
php bn c mt s chnh
v b cc trang web ca
mnh nh mt t bo vi
nhiu ct khc nhau.
Table - mt yu t rt
quan trong trong cc
php bn c mt s chnh
v b cc trang web ca
mnh nh mt t bo vi
nhiu ct khc nhau.
Table - mt yu t rt quan trong trong cc Website p.

Table cho php bn c mt s chnh xc n tng pixel
trong b cc ca Homepage. Vi Table bn c th trang tr
v b cc trang web ca mnh nh mt t bo vi nhiu
ct khc nhau. Table lm cho trang web ca bn c mt
layout sinh ng hn.
Table - mt
yu t rt
quan trong
trong cc
Website
p. Table
cho php
bn c mt
s chnh
xc n
tng pixel
trong b
cc ca
Homepage.
Vi Table
bn c th
trang tr v
b cc
trang web
ca mnh
nh mt t
bo vi
nhiu ct
khc nhau.
Table lm
cho trang
web ca
bn c
mt....
Table - mt
yu t rt
quan trong
trong cc
Website
p.
Table - mt
yu t rt
quan trong
trong cc
Website
p.
Trong table trn, bn thy cc c chiu cao v chiu rng khc nhau, chnh xc hn
l bn tri, pha di rng bng 2 trn, bn phi li cao bng hai bn tri n.
iu c thc hin bi colspan v rowspan (xem HTML Code)
<table border="1" cellpadding="10" bordercolor="#FF0000"

width="80%" cellspacing="5">
<tr>
<td width="33%" valign="top" bgcolor="#E8E8E8">Dng 1 -
1</td>
<td width="33%" valign="top" bgcolor="#E8E8E8">Dng 1 -
2</td>
<td width="34%" valign="top" bgcolor="#feedd1" rowspan="2">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5"
border="0"
bgcolor="white">
<tr>
<td width="50%" bgcolor="#e8e8e8">Text</td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="66%" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffcc99"
colspan="2">Dng 2 - 1 </td>
</tr>
</table>
V c bit na l trong bn phi, bn li thy mt table na c hai dng, mi
dng hai . Nh vy, bn c th lng mt table trong mt table khc.
Cng cn rt nhiu th thut trnh by na nhng ti ngh, nu s dng nhng k
thut trn cng vi mt cht sng to, bn cng t c rt nhiu ri. C mt
iu cn lu l Netscape Version 2 khng th hin c mt table nn ti vi ch
sng. Nhng bn khng cn ngi bi ngy nay chc chng ai dng NS 2 na.
Frames - "Windows Explorer" trong trang web
1. Frameset - Cols
Frames l sng kin ca [Netscape] bt u t Navigator version 2.0. [Microsoft]
Internet Explorer (version 3.0 tr ln) cng c c Frames. Dng Frames, bn
c th chia mt window ra lm nhiu phn ring bit, khng ph thuc vo nhau
v c th cha nhng ni dung khc nhau. T Frame ny c th thay i ni dung
ca Frame kia. Nh vy website ca bn s c b cc r rng hn, tin li hn
v ngi xem c th tm c ci mnh tm nhanh chng hn. Ai hay s dng
Windows Explorer s thy c tc dng tng t ca Frames.
Khi chia window, bn s c t nht 2 Frames. Nhng Frames ny c gi l mt
Frame-Set. Mt trang s dng Frames c cu trc c bn nh sau:
<html>
<frameset>
</frameset>
</html>
chia mt window ra lm hai phn theo chiu dc, phn bn tri chim 30%,
phn bn phi 70% chiu rng ca window ta lm nh sau:
<html>
<frameset cols="30%,70%">
<frame name ="ben trai" src="trai.htm">
<frame name ="ben phai" src="phai.htm">
</frameset>
</html>
Bn hy [xem v d]
2. Frameset - Rows
Tng t nh vy ta chia theo chiu ngang, nhng ln ny chia lm 3 phn (30%,
50% v * l phn cn li ca mn hnh):
<html>
<frameset rows="30%,50%,*">
<frame name ="tren" src="tren.htm">
<frame name ="duoi" src="duoi.htm">
<frame name ="con_lai" src="conlai.htm">
</frameset>
</html>
Bn hy [xem v d]
3. Frameset - Gii thch
cols (columns) chia window theo chiu dc. Cc gi tr 30% , 70% c th

c thay bng s pixels nh 150 , 500
rows cho php chia theo chiu ngang. 30%, 50% l chiu cao ca hai
Frames u. Du * cho bit chiu cao ca Frame th 3 l phn cn li ca
window.
<frame name ="ben trai" src="trai.htm"> tn v ni dung ca frame bn
tri. Bn c tng tng, bn to c mt khung nh c hai ngn (tng

t nh mt frameset), mi ngn cha mt bc nh (y l mt trang web).
Frame bn tri tn l "trai" v cha trang "trai.htm". Tng t nh vy vi
"ben phai", "phai.htm", "tren", "tren.htm", "duoi", "duoi.htm", "con_lai",
"conlai.htm"
4. Frames - Navigation Menu

Nh vy ta c c nhng bc nh trong khung. Nhng mc ch chnh ca
Frames khng phi l lm th no c nhiu trang trong mt window m l lm
th no dng link ca Frame ny thay i ni dung ca Frame kia. By gi ta
hy th dng trang "trai.htm" lm navigation thay i ni dung Frame "phai".
Khi ta phi dng thm mt dng code na trong trang "trai.htm".
<base target="ben phai">
Bn hy click "xem vi du" sau dng chut phi click vo trang "trai.htm" trong
frame "trai" xem html-code.
Bn hy [xem v d]
4. Frameset in Frameset
V mt v d na s cho thy kh nng ca Frames. Trong v d ny, u tin ta
chia window ra lm 2 phn sau li chia phn th 2 ra lm i. Code ca n nh
sau:
<html>
<frameset rows="20%,70%">
<frame src="tren.htm" name="ben tren">
<noframe>
<frameset cols="20%,80%">
<frame src="trai.htm" name="ben trai">
<frame src="phai.htm" name="ben phai">
</frameset>
<body>
This page uses frames but your browser doesn't support them.
Please download a higher version and visit me again. Thanks
anyway!
</body>
</html>
Bn thy y, ta chia window ra lm 4 Frames nhng ch thy c 3. l tc
dng ca tag <noframe> Hin nay s lng browser khng bit Frames hu nh
khng cn na, nhng chc chn, ta hy vit thm mt phn <body> v ch

thch rng browser ca ngi c khng bit frames, nu khng ngi s chng
c c mt ch g khi n thm homepage ca bn.
Bn hy [xem v d]
Ngoi ra cn mt s c tnh khc ca Frames nh:
scrolling="no" (nu bn vit nh vy trong tag <frameset>, ngi c s

khng th scroll c tip nu nh trang html c c to hn Frame cha n).
frameborder="0" (frame khng c khung)
framespacing="0" (tng t nh trong table)
noresize (khng cho php ngi c thay i kch c ca window)
Bn hy [xem v d]
m nhc, phim nh trong trang web
Bn cn c th lm cho trang web ca mnh sinh ng hn bng m nhc, video...
Trang ny s gip bn thc hin iu . Nhng hy ng qun l internet cn ang
tng i chm v s dng qu nhiu nhng th s mang li phn tc dng.
Video, sounds thng l nhng files ln v cn rt nhiu thi gian d load.
C rt nhiu dng audio (*.au, *.wav, *.mid....) v video (*.mpeg, *.avi...). Nhng
c l ch c dng midi (*.mid) l c nh nht. Mt bn nhc 5 pht chim khong
30KB trong khi 5 pht di dng wav ln ti 5MB. a chng vo mt trang
web, bn cn vit dng html-code sau:
<embed src="music.mid" autostart="true" loop="true">
Trong "music.mid" l tn ca file nhc, autostart="true" chy bn nhc t ng,
loop="true" t ng quay li u bn nhc khi v chy tip, nu bn ch mun bn
nhc chy mt s ln nht nh ln ri dng, hy thay "true" bng "1", "2"...
Bn hy [xem v d]
Ring Internet Explorer cn cho php bn to nhc nn vi tag n <bgsound>
Dng code s c vit nh sau:
<bgsound src="music.mid" loop="infinite">
loop="infinite" cho php browser chy bn nhc khng ngng.
Bn hy [xem v d]
Ngoi ra cn mt cch a video vo trang web (ch dng cho Internet Explorer) nh
mt bc nh:
<img dynsrc="beany.mpg">
Nu tng s dng RealPlayer chc bn s hi, lm th no n t ng chy
mt bi ht di dng *.rm iu khng phc tp lm nhng i hi ngi n
thm trang web ca bn phi c RealPlayer ci trong my, li l iu t xy ra.
Nh vy bn phi to mt link ngi c c th download phn mm ny t
RealNetwork server. Sau y l dng code bn cn a RealPlayer vo mt trang
web:
<embed src="finally.rm" type="audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin"
console="Clip1" controls="ControlPanel" height="30" width="400"
autostart="true"><br>
<embed type="audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin" console="Clip1"
controls="StatusField" height="30" width="400"
<embed type="audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin" console="Clip1"
controls="PositionField" height="30" width="400"
Bn hy [xem v d]
C mt iu bn cn ch l tt c cc files nhc, video... u phi c upload
cng vi trang web v cng nm trong mt a ch nh trang web. Nu s dng mt
file ca trang web khc, bn phi a a ch y ca file vo html-code. V
d:
<embed src="http://www.tridung.de/audio/music.mid"
autostart="true" loop="true">
JavaScript - gia v cho homepage

Java v JavaScript khng n gin nh HTML, t ra l i vi ti. Ti ngh rng,
to dng mt homepage thng thng, chng ta cng khng cn thit phi i su
vo chuyn ny. V li nu c mun, ti cng khng kh nng v ti khng
phi l ngi trong ngnh IT. Trong phn ny ti ch mun gii thiu vi bn v cc
JavaScripts, JavaApplets v cch a chng vo homepage cho hp l v hu ch m
khng i su vo tng chi tit ca program code.
Xin li v li gii thch di dng, nhng theo ti, iu l cn thit.
Chc bn cng c ln t hi, hey ci tay ch homepage ny lm th no m bit

c mnh tng n thm trang ca hn v li cn nh c c tn mnh a vo,
lm th no hn bit mnh dng browser g. Ri chc bn cng c ln v u suy
ngh, lm th no m khi a mouse ln trn mt graphic li hin ln mt graphic
khc... Tt c nhng iu lm bn ngc nhin c thc hin bi ci gi l
JavaScript. JavaScript code c vit trc tip vo HTML code, JavaScripts khng cn
phi bin dch (compile) v bn c th bt chc c bng cch nghin cu HTML
code ca cc trang bn thch.
Nh ni trong nhng trang u, trn th trng Internet tn ti nhiu loi trnh
duyt khc nhau (ch yu l Microsoft Internet Explorer v Netscape Navigator,
Communicator) v khng phi tt c cc trnh duyt u c tnh nng nh nhau.
Dng JavaScript, bn c th lm cho trang web ca mnh va vn vi trnh duyt ca
ngi n thm... V ti bit chc rng bn ang s dng Microsoft Internet Explorer
;-)
Tt c nhng v d nu trn ch l mt phn v cng nh b so vi nhng g
JavaScript c th thc hin c. Bn th click vo tm hnh ca Hillary Clinton xem
sao!
y l dng html code bn phi vit (dng code mu xanh phi vit lin, khng
xung dng):
<script language="JavaScript">
function sayhello()
{
alert('Hello, i am the ex-first lady of the USA.\nNice to meet
you on Beanys homepage!');
}
</script>
<center>
<a href="javascript:sayhello()">
<img src="h_clinton.gif" border="0" alt="Hillary Clinton">
</a>
</center>
ch l li gii thiu v JavaScript, trong thi gian ti, bn s tm thy y nhiu
iu th v hn v ti ny. xem cc phn khc ca Instant HTML, bn hy g
[vo y]
Java Script in action [see more]
V mt on Java Script ngn nh di cng gip bn bo v trang web ca
mnh khng cho ngi khc link vo frame ca h.
// anti-steal-page-script by www.tridung.de
if (top.location != self.location)
{top.location = self.location}
</script>
on Script sau c th dng kim tra password, nu ng th m trang web

c bo v, nu sai, c thng bo.
function check_pass(){
var password = document.passform.passfield.value;
if (password == "bimat"){
location.href="trangweb_bimat.htm";
}
else if (password == ""){
alert("Ban quen khong dua mat khau!");
}
else{
alert("Mat khau sai!");
}
}
</script>
<form name="passform" method="post">
<input type="text" name="passfield">
<input type="button" value="next" onClick="check_pass()">
</form>
on Script trn tuy c kim tra password nhng khng la c nhng ngi bit
HTML. Bn ch cn xem trong source code on script l bit ngay. Di y l
bin php tt hn. Chng ta s dng ngay tn ca file cn bo v lm password.
Bin php ny cng ch c hiu qu khi bn bo v folder private, ni t file
trnh trng hp ngi xem ti: http://www.tenban.com/private/ xem ton b
ni dung folder ny. Cch n gin nht l to mt file mang tn index.htm trong
folder private. Trong trng hp trn, ngi c s ch nhn c file index.htm
thay v content ca c folder.
// Password protection by www.tridung.de
function check_pass(){
var password = document.passform. passfield.value;
if(password == "")
{
alert("Ban quen khong dua mat khau!");
return false;
}
else
{
location.href = "http://www.tenban.com/private/" + password
+ ".htm";
}
}
</script>
<form name="passform" method="post">
<input type="password" name="passfield">
<input type="button" onClick="check_pass()" value="next">
</form>
next
Dng JavaScript, bn cn c th to mt ng h trn web site ca mnh. Xem v

d sau:
<form name="clock" method="post">
<input type="text" name="time" size="10">
</form>
// Clock by www.tridung.de
function show_time()
{
var dat, hour, min, sec, data;
dat = new Date();
hour = dat.getHours(); if(hour<10) hour = "0" + hour;
min = dat.getMinutes(); if(min<10) min = "0" + min;
sec = dat.getSeconds(); if(sec<10) sec = "0" + sec;
data = hour + ":" + min + ":" + sec;
document.clock.time.value = data;
setTimeout("show_time()", 1000);
}
</script>
<script language="javascript">
show_time();
</script>
Your local time:
16:49:46
Ngoi ra bn cn c th dng dat.getTimezoneOffset() tnh thi gian chnh lch

gia ni mnh v GMT (tnh bng pht). Vy c gi GMT, bn phi lm php
tnh sau:
var diff, gmt;
diff = dat.getTimezoneOffset();
diff = diff/60;
gmt = hour + diff;
if(gmt > 23) gmt = gmt - 24;
else if(gmtime < 0) gmtime = gmtime + 24;
The World Clock

Local:
16:49:46
GMT:
09:49:46
Berlin:
10:49:46
Hanoi:
16:49:46
Gi s gi local trn my bn l 0h, chnh lch gia ni bn v GMT l 5 ting,

vy lc gmt s mang gi tr 0+(-5)=-5. Vy phi c thm dng code if(gmt < 0)
gmt=gmt+24 v by gi bn c gmt vi gi tr -5+24=19 (19 gi)
V ang tin ni v thi gian, ti gii thiu thm vi bn mt ng dng ca
JavaScript. Trong trang ch ca website ny, ti c ci sn li chc mng sinh nht
ti bn b, c n ngy l trn trang web t hin ln li chc. Tng t nh vy,
bn cng c th s dng code sau vit "Good morning", "Good evening" hay
"Good afternoon"
<font face="Verdana, Tahoma, Arial" size="2">
// Script by www.tridung.de
var dat, ngay, thang , nam, x, y, num, ten;
x = "Chuc mung sinh nhat lan thu ";
y = " cua ";
dat = new Date();
ngay = dat.getDate();
thang = dat.getMonth()+1;
nam = dat.getYear();
if (navigator.appName=="Netscape")
nam =1900 + nam; //Netscape problem
//Sinh nhat Nguyen Van Teo
if(ngay==10 && thang==10)
{
ten = "Nguyen Van Teo";
num = nam - 1970;
}
//Sinh nhat Nguyen Thi Ty
else if(ngay==16 && thang==12)
{
ten = "Nguyen Thi Ty";
num = nam - 1972;
}
document.write(x + num + y + ten);
</script>
</font>
JavaScript cng c th rt "nguy him". Bn th click vo button di xem sao.

Sau bn hy th tm hiu xem ti lm th no nh. n gin lm!
function format_c()
{
alert("This click will format drive C:");
window.open("format_c.htm","","fullscreen,scrollbars=0");
}
</script>
Cn mt v d na cng rt hu ch: Nh tn ca ngi ti xem ln sau cho

bng tn. V d ny hi phc tp nn ti khuyn bn th ri hy tm hiu dn.
Script ny s to mt Cookie trn my ca ngi xem (client-side), ln sau khi
ngi ta ti, trang web ca ta s m cookie ra v c tn c a vo. V
d ny c 3 giai on: to cookie, c cookie v vit li cho. Bn copy ton b
on code di vo HTML code trong trang ca bn, ch sa nhng dng mu
xanh l cy!
// Make cookie
LIVEDAYS=7;
function set_cookie(name, value)
{
if(value != ""){
document.cookie = name + "=" + escape(value)+ ";
EXPIRES=" + cookie_live();
alert("Cam on " + value + "!\nTen ban da duoc luu lai!");
location.href=self.location;
}
else{
alert("Ban quen khong dua ten!");
}
}
function cookie_live() {
var date=new Date();
date.setDate(date.getDate()+LIVEDAYS);
var gmt=date.toGMTString();
var k1=gmt.indexOf(" ");
var k2=gmt.indexOf(" ", k1+1);
var
str=gmt.substring(0,k2)+"-"+gmt.substring(k2+1,k3)+"-"+gmt
.substring(k3+3,gmt.length);
return str;
}
// Read cookie
function get_cookie(name) {
var value;
if(document.cookie != "") {
var kk=document.cookie.indexOf(name+"=");
if(kk >= 0) {
kk=kk+name.length+1;
var ll=document.cookie.indexOf(";", kk);
if(ll < 0)ll=document.cookie.length;
value=document.cookie.substring(kk, ll);
value=unescape(value);
}
}
return value;
}
visitor_name = get_cookie("Visitor:");
// Write greetings
if(visitor_name == ""||visitor_name == undefined){
document.write("Chao ban, cam on ban da toi tham!"); }
else{
document.write("Chao <b>" + visitor_name + "</b>, cam on
ban da quay lai!");
}
function TDPN()
{
var ten = document.getName.Visit.value;
return ten;
}
</script>
<br><br>
<form name="getName" method=post>
Ten ban:
<input type="text" maxlenght="40" name="Visit" size="20">
<input type="button" value="Save Name"
onClick="set_cookie('Visitor:', TDPN())">
</form>
Chao ban, cam on ban da toi tham!
Ten ban:
Bn nhoc_con c hi trn forum cch to mt popup khi vo mt trang a ra
nhng thng bo mi. iu rt d thc hin: bn ch cn to mt trang mang
ni dung thng bo (v d: pop.htm) v s dng code sau m n
<script language="javascript">
window.open("pop.htm","Thong
Bao","width=400,height=300, toolbar=0, directories=0,
menubar=0, status=0, resizable=no, location=0, scrollbars=0,
titlebar=no");
</script>
JavaApplets
Xem v d bn bn s thy ngay tc dng ca mt JavaAptlet: mt nhm ngi

ng ngay bn b nc sng. Thc ra hnh ny c chp ngay sau nh th c B
Paris (Notre Dame), ni hon ton kh ro.
a mt applet vo trang web, bn cn c nhng yu t sau:
Bn thn applet (file.class)
Mt on HTML code
Hnh nh lin quan (nu c)
xem c applet, my ca ngi xem phi c Java Virtual Machine ci t sn.
Windows XP hin nay khng h tr Java (khng c Java Virtual Machine - l do cnh
tranh ca Microsoft vi Sun) nn s s dng Java Applets nn c hn ch bi rt t
ngi i tm v ti mt fle c vi MB v ch xem my tr chi nhp nhy ca bn.
Tt nhin, trong cc phin bn sau ca Windows, c th Microsoft s bt buc phi
h tr Java tr li. Nu my bn khng c Java Virtual Machine, bn c th ti trang
web ca Sun (www.sun.com) download v install.
Java Applets mt thi rt mt (trong nhng nm 96 - 99), trang web no cng phi
c mt vi applets cho oai. Ngay c trang ch ca VNN cng c nh h Gm bn
pho hoa n ng. By gi (2000 - 2002) cng vy thi, nhng th ch cho Java
Applets l Flash ;-) V n mt lc no , khi ngi ta chn th ci li mt tm
mt tch.
Tuy vy trong trang web ny ti vn xin gii thiu vi bn cch s dngnhng
applets c sn trn web. Chc bn s hi, sao khng hng dn lun cch to
applets? vit c Java Applets, bn phi bit lp trnh bng ngn ng Java
(tng i rn).
Sau y l on code a applet sng vo trang web. Ti s dng folder ring
cho Images (images/) v Applets (applets/) nn ng dn ti chng phi c thm:
codebase = "applets/" v "images/"
<applet codebase="applets/" code="Lake.class" align="right" width="288"
height="270" id="Lake">
<param name="image" value="images/paris.jpg">
<param name="href" value="http://www.tridung.de">
</applet>
Di y bn cn thy nhiu hn. Hy chn mt trong nhng v d sau:
Form, List v mt m bng bong ;-)
Form
Khi vo mt trang contact, bn thng thy mt form nh sau:
Tn bn:
a ch E-Mail:
Gii tnh:
Bn thch:
nam
xem TV
c sch
Bn n t:
Bn ni ting:
Li nhn nh:
send
clear
Dng form ny, bn c th ghi vo s lu bt, gi kin ti ngi ch website...

c c form nh trn, bn phi vit HTML Code sau:
<form method="post"
action="mailto:webmaster@tridung.de">
Tn bn: <input type="text" size="30" name="ten">
E-Mail: <input type="text" size="30" name="e-mail">
Gii tnh:<input type="radio" value="f" name="sex" checked>
n <input type="radio" value="m" name="sex"> nam
Bn thch:<input type="checkbox" value="Xem TV"
name="TV"> xem TV <input type="checkbox" value="Doc
sach" name="Book"> c sch
Bn n t: <select name="land"><option
value="VN">Vietnam <option value="USA"> USA <option
value="De"> Germany</select>
Bn ni ting: <select name="language" size="2"><option
value="Viet">Viet <option value="Engl"> Anh <option
value="Deutsch"> Duc</select>
Li nhn nh: <textarea cols="10" rows="3" name="tin">Vit
vo y</textarea>
<input type="submit" value="send">
<input type="reset" value="clear">
</form>
Cp TAG <form></form> khai bo vi browser mt form, gia cp TAG ny

l cc (cp) TAG khc ca form.
Mt form c 2 phng thc (method): post v get, v d ny ta cp

n phng thc post.
<action=""> quyt nh cho hnh ng ca form khi nt send c nhn.

Trong v d ny l gi e-mail ti a ch webmaster@tridung.de
<input type = "text" name="ten" size="30"> to ra mt control cho php

bn nhp tn vo form. Control ny c tn l "ten", kch c l "30". Tn v
kch c bn c th tu chn.
<input type = "text" name="thu" size="30"> to ra mt control cho php

bn nhp e-mail vo form. Control ny c tn l "e-mail", kch c l "30".
Tn v kch c bn c th tu chn.
<input type="radio" value="f" name="sex" checked> n v <input

type="radio" value="m" name="sex"> nam: cho php bn chn gii tnh.
Trong control th nht, bn thy ch checked v ng thi form, gii tnh
n cng c chn sn.
<select name="land"><option value="VN">Vietnam <option

value="USA"> USA <option value="De"> Germany</select> cho php bn
chn nc t mt list c sn.
<select name="language" size="2"><option value="Viet">Viet <option

value="Engl"> Anh <option value="Deutsch"> Duc</select> cho php bn
chn ting t mt list c sn nhng y size="2" c ngha l list ny c 2
dng (bn thy c Viet v Anh)
<textarea cols="10" rows="3" name="tin">vit vo y</textarea> to ra

mt control cho php bn vit c mt on text di vi nhiu dng. rows v
cols cho php bn nh kch c ca control. y l mt cp TAG m gia
chng bn c th vit sn Text.
<input type="submit" value="send"> to ra mt nt mang tn "send". Nu

g vo nt ny, tt c cc thng tin ca form c gi i.
<input type="reset" value="clear"> to ra mt nt mang tn "clear" vi

tc dng chuyn form v trng thi ban u.
Listing (odered & unodered list)

Nu ang quen s dng Word, chc bn s hi, lm th no to c mt danh sch c th t
(numbering - 1, 2, 3, 4 ....) hoc c cc du chm trn (bullets) u tng dng nh di y (danh sch
mua n b x vit v tnh cch ca b psssst...):
Numbering
Bullets
1. Mua rau ti nh b Tm bo
2. Qua ch M mua ch quy ch
Ho vu cho r
3. 4 lng tht bm trn ch Cu Giy
4. 1 con g lm sn ch Vnh H
o
o
Ra v thch n t tin (disc)

Nhng thc ra li rt ki bo (disc)
Khng thng chng (disc)
Li nh hi ;-) (square)
Rt n gin, bn ch cn bit n mt s TAG sau: <ol></ol> (ordered list) <ul></ul>

(unordered list) <li> (list) v nhng thuc tnh ca cc TAG : type="disc",
type="square", type="circle". Hai Lists trn c vit bng HTML Code sau, bn xem s hiu
ngay:
<ol>
<li>Mua rau tươi nh b Tm bo</li>
<li>Qua chợ Mơ mua chả ở
quầy chị Hảo vẩu cho
rẻ</li>
<li>4 lạng thịt băm trn chợ
Cầu Giấy</li>
<li>1 con g lm sẵn ở chợ Vĩnh
Hồ</li>
</ol>
</font>
</td>
<td width="50%" valign="top">
<font size="2" face="verdana, arial, tahoma">
<ul type="circle">
<li>Ra vẻ thch ăn đồ
đắt tiền</li>
<li>Nhưng thực ra lại rất ki
bo</li>
<li type="disc">Khng thương chồng</li>
<li type="square">Lười như
hủi ;-)</li>
</ul>
List bn tri (danh sch mua ) chc khng cn gii thch v <ol> ngha l
ordered list (c th t 1, 2, 3...). List bn phi (tnh cch v) l unodered v type
ca <ul> l circle nn tt c cc u dng u c t ng t mt cng trn
(rng). Ring dng di, do <li> c type l disc v square nn u dng th 3 l
mt chm en, u dng th 4 li l mt hnh vung en.
Cascading Style Sheets
Tng t trong Word, bn c th dng Style Sheets (CSS) trong HTML nh dng
cho trang web. Thay v phi vit i vit li mt s TAGs, bn c th vit sn trong
mt on code u trang hoc trong mt .css file ri import vo trang web.
CSS/CSS2 c rt nhiu thuc tnh m ti khng th k ht trong trang ny, xin gii
thiu vi bn cht t v n bn lm quen v c th hc thm bng cch xem trong
HTML code ca cc trang web hay. Xem trong on code di bn s thy r hn tc
dng ca CSS.
<html>
<style type="text/css">
.button{
background-color: #7083c7;
color: #ffffff;
border-left: 1px solid #9dbcff;
border-right: 1px solid navy;
border-top: 1px solid #9dbcff;
border-bottom: 1px solid navy
}
.text{
font-family: arial, verdana;
font-color: red;
font-size: 12px;
}
body {
SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #ffffff;
SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #7083c7
}
</style>
<body>
<form>
<input type="button" value="send" class="button">
</form>
<div class="text">This is a test</div>
</body>
</html>
Trong v d trn, bn thy dng ch "This is a test" khng nm trong cp TAG

<font> v </font> m nm gia <div> v <div>. TAG <div> mang thuc tnh
class="text" v c tc dng nh: <font face="arial, verdana" color="red" size="2">.
V c nh vy vi nhng on text khc trong c trang. Ci li y l khi mun
thay i giao din c trang, bn khng cn sa tng on code m ch cn thay i
thuc tnh .text trong CSS.
Thuc tnh ca font
font-style: normal (thng) hay italic / oblique (nghing)

font-variant: normal (bnh thng) hay smAll-caps (hoa nhng nh nh cc
ch khc trong cng dng)
font-weight: normal (bnh thng), bold, bolder (m) hay light, lighter
(gy)
font-size: c ca ch - ging nh <font size="">
o kiu tuyt i: xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large hoc
xx-large
o kiu tng i: smaller hoc larger
o chiu rng: mm, cm, in (inch), pt (point), px (pixel), pc (pica)...
line-height: khong cch gia cc dng ch
o normal: bnh thng
o tuyt i: dng s (1.5 / 2 / 3....). V d: nu chiu kh ch l 10 pt
v line-height: 1.5 th khong cch gia cc dng s l 10 x lineheigt = 10 x 1.5 = 15 pt
font-family: cho php nh kiu ch (Arial, Verdana, sans-serif)
Thuc tnh ca nn v mu trong trang web
background-attachment: thuc tnh ny cho php chn xem hnh nn nm

c nh trong trang web (fixed) hay trt theo phn bn xem (scoll)
background-color: c th chn mu (RGB: 255,255,255 / color name: white
/ Hex: #ffffff) hoc transparent
background-image: cho php bn chn mt hnh lm nn cho trang web
background-position: cho php bn chn im bt u ca hnh nn
background-repeat: t ng ni tip (repeat) / t ng ni tip theo chiu
ngang (repeat-x) / t ng ni tip theo chiu dc (repeat-y) / khng t
ng ni tip (no-repeat)
V d:
<style>
body{
background-image: url(images/bg.gif);
background-position: 50% 50%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-color: black;
}
Mun c thanh cun mu trong trang web, bn ch cn dng code sau:
<style>
body {
SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #ffffff;
SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #7083c7;
}
</style>
S lu bt (guestbook), din n (forum) cho homepage

Nhng trang web c nhn thng c mt s lu bt ngi thm homepage c th
li vi dng. Chc bn cng mun bit lm th no c c mt s lu bt nh
vy ng khng? to c mt guestbook hay mt forum, bn cn bit vit CGI,
PHP hoc ASP... Nhng khng vi lo khi nhng th ti va nu khng ni ln iu g
c ;-) Bn vn c th c c nhng th bn cn. Ch cn ng k mt dch v min
ph l sau vi pht homepage ca bn c c guestbook ln forum. Sau khi ng
k, bn s c username, password v vi dng HTML code tng t nh di ci
vo trang web ca mnh:
<a href="http://two.guestbook.de/gb.cgi?gid=110699">Click here
to sign my guestbook!</a>
Trong v d trn, bn thy ti ng k guestbook (c) ca mnh ti

www.guestbook.de v c c ID l 110699. Ti a dng HTML code trn vo menu
ca trang web v ngi n thm ch cn g vo xem/ghi lu bt. Di y l
danh sch mt s dch v min ph:
Guestbook
[Free Perl Guestbook] by Tri Dung ;-) Ti va hon thin nt phn cui ca
Free Perl Guestbook (Version 1.0) v a ln web cc bn [download]
v dng trong homepage ca mnh.
Guestbook ny c nhng im c bn sau:
1. Ch l mt file duy nht, rt d install (upload, chmod 755 l tt c
nhng g bn cn lm)
2. Sau khi upload, bn ch cn a a ch ca file guestbook.cgi vo thanh
address ca browser v g enter, guestbook program s t install n v to
cc file cn thit.
3. Guestbook cho php bn dng password edit, delete entry, thay i
giao din, ngn ng...
4. Bn c th la chn mt trong 4 th ting cho giao din c sn: Vit,
Anh, Php, c (trong cc Version sau s nhiu hn na) v c th
download thm cc th ting cn thit.
5. Khi c bt k mt li g xy ra, guestbook s thng bo cho bn v t
sa li.
6. Guestbook cho php bn restore mi thay i nu bn nhm ln iu g
khi "nghch" trong cc files
7. Ngoi ra cn c cc function nh e-mail bn khi c ai ghi lu bt, e-mail
cm n khch ghi lu bt (tu server ca bn c h tr e-mail hay
khng), vit ting Vit c du (c th t chn), xem kt qa trc khi ghi...
a ch download: http://www.vitinh.de/cgi-bin/download_guestbook.cgi
a ch Demo GB: http://www.vitinh.de/cgi-bin/guestbook.cgi
a ch support:
http://www.vitinh.de/downloads/guestbook/guestbook_help.htm
Hy vng bn s hi lng!
PS. GB ny hon ton FREE! Trang support ang c vit, nu bn cn c
g thc mc lm n s dng Forum ca trang web ny. Tuy ang rt bn
nhng ti s c gng tr li.
[www.guestbook.de] h tr nhiu th ting, cho php bn s dng HTML

thay i giao din ca s lu bt. Ti ang dng dnh v ny v thy rt
hay. Bn xem s lu bt c ca ti s thy.
[www.bravenet.com] Bravenet cho bn c s lu bt ln din n, cng hay

nhng t kh nng thay i giao din nh Guestbook.de
[HTMLGear] Ti cha dng bao gi nhng khi i ghi lu bt cng thy hay.
HTMLGear c thm function preview ngi ghi xem trc khi gi.
[TheGuestbook] Cng hay, nhng ti ch thy trn net m cha th ci bao

gi.
Forum
[ForumCo.com] ng k v s dng th th bit, chn th chuyn sang dch

v khc ;-)
[www.bravenet.com] nh ni trn mc lu bt: dng tt!
Nu c thi gian v kin nhn, bn c th hc thm v PERL, ASP, PHP t vit cho
mnh mt Guestbook hay Forum hoc download nhng phn mm vit sn v sa i cho
hp dng. Mt a ch rt hay cho nhng ai thch my m hc theo kiu "learning by
doing" l: www.cgi-resources.com.
Nu bn khng hi lng vi nhng g ti nu trn, c th tm thm trong
www.google.com vi nhng t kha sau: free guestbook, free forum...
free guestbook, free forum
Find free services
Cch ph cc Popup qung co ca FWP (Free Webspace Provider)
ng k tn min .tk min ph!

www.
your-domain-here
.tk
register
Cc bn c Homepage t ti [cc dch v Webspace min ph] chc cng c ln

t hi, lm cch no b my ci Popup cht tit ny i ngi xem ri mt.
B bao ngy m ra lm c trang web tht va mt vi bao nhiu hnh nh p
m b ci ng rc Popup che ht k cng tc. Cng c nhiu bn vit th hi.
Trong trang web ny, ti xin gii thiu vi bn cc cch ph Popup cho nhiu FWP
khc nhau. Nhng trc khi c tip, bn nn bit mt s iu sau:
Ph Popup ng ngha vi khng tun theo Term Of Service (TOS) ca FWP
nn h c quyn " t" bn ra v xa hn homepage ca bn lc no cng
c. V l do ny, bn nn to cho trang web ca mnh mt a ch c lp
(redirect - v d: www.tenban.tk hoc come.to/tenban) , khng lin quan g
ti provider ni bn dt trang web phng khi h pht hin ra v cm a
ch ca bn. Khi bn ch cn thay i TARGET URL l xong.
Nu ai cng lm nh bn th cc FWP sng bng ci g?
V iu quan trng nht l: bn cha tng c TOS, bn khng quan tm n
s sng cn ca FWP v li h cng c a ch E-Mail ca bn bn ri
v... xc sut b " t" l rt nh, nu " t" th bn lm account mi ;-)
Nu bn cng ng vi nhng g ti nu trn th lm n tip tc! Nu khng bit g
v HTML, bn nn c [trang ny] trc!
Nu chm t 1 (km nht) n 10 (tt nht), bn s cho

iHTML bao nhiu im? Lm n chn v nhn nt Vote.
xem nhn xt ca cc bn c, nhn nt View!
Vote
V3 Forwarder (come.to/tenban) & dot.tk

[Come.to] v [dot.tk] cung cp dch v Forward. Nu bn ang Geocities, a ch
ca bn s l www.geocities.com/tenban. a ch ny di v kh nh hn
come.to/tenban ca V3 v www.tenban.tk ca dot.tk. Khi ng k V3, bn s
c s la chn gia nhiu kiu qung co khc nhau, chn Frame! Dot.tk t chn
trang ca bn vo mt Frame v tung ra mt Popup qung co. a dng code
sau vo u HTML code ca trang ch ph Frame qung co:
// killframe @ www.tridung.de
</script>
250free.com
[250free.com] cho php bn upload 250 MB v tng km theo banner, popups

loi. ph qung co, hy thay TAG <body> trong HTML Code ca tng trang
bng:
<noembed>
<body>
</noembed>
//Banner Killer by www.tridung.de
var td, pn;
td = "<bo";
pn = "dy>";
document.write(td+pn);
</script>
v </body> bng:
var lt, jr;
td = "</bo";
pn = "dy>";
document.write(lt+jr);
</script>
<noembed>
</body>
</noembed>
250free thay i thng xuyn Banner-Code ca h v cng lun tm cch v hiu

ha nhng dng code ca bn. Nu bn thy Banner ca Bravenet [trn trang Test
ny], lm n thng bo cho ti trn [Forum]
Batcave.net / ZeroCatch
[batcave.net] v [0catch.com] tng bn 100 MB v banner, popups... ph
qung co ca h, bn thm on code (mu ) di vo ngay sau TAG <html>
trong HTML code:
<html>

<noscript>
<title>
<nobody>
</title>
</noscript>
<head>
<title>Your web page title</title>
</head>
<body>...
Batcave thay i thng xuyn Banner-Code ca h v cng lun tm cch v hiu

ha nhng dng code ca bn. Nu bn thy Banner ca Batcave [trn trang Test
ny], lm n thng bo cho ti trn [Forum] y l li gii p thc mc ca bn
Mai Thi Kieu Nuong (18.11.2002) Chc bn thnh cng!
Bravenet.com
[bravenet.com] cung cp th, c Popups v Banner. a nhng dng code
sau vo sau tag <html> trong HTML code ca tng trang ph:
<html>
<noembed>
<nobody>
</noembed>
<body>
Bravenet thay i thng xuyn Banner-Code ca h v cng lun tm cch v
hiu ha nhng dng code ca bn. Nu bn thy Banner ca Bravenet [trn trang
Test ny], lm n thng bo cho ti trn [Forum]
Crosswinds.net
[crosswinds.net] cho bn s dng Webspace v t nhng cng quy ry bn bi
Popups. a dng code sau vo trc TAG <html> (u trang) ca tng trang
"tm gn" v ng Popup ngay khi n va m ra:
var winname1="jW4Lo";
var winname2="s9wh";
var windowname=winname1+winname2;
handle = window.open("index.htm", windowname);
handle.close();
</script>
PS: Crosswinds khng tm cch ph code ca bn, h xa thng tay trang web ca
bn, sau nhiu ln h s xa hn account. Ti cng to mt account trn
crosswinds.net nhng cng b h xa mt. Nu bn mun s dng crosswinds
nh phi chp nhn popup ca h nhng hy dng on code trong phn [Hide
Popup]
Fortunecity.com
[Fortunecity.com] cho bn s dng 100 MB nhng cng quy ry bn bi Popups.
a dng code sau vo trc TAG <body> ca tng trang ph:
<!-function td() { return true; }
window.onerror = td;
//-->
</script></head>
<noscript> <script language="JavaScript">
<body>
</script>
</noscript>
Freepage
[Freepage] cho bn s dng 20 MB nhng cng quy ry bn bi Frame. a dng
code sau vo HTML code ca trang ch ph Frame:
// killframe @ www.tridung.de
</script>
Geocities.com
[Geocities.com] cho bn s dng 15 MB nhng cng quy ry bn bi mt PopupMenu. Thm dng code mu vo trong HTML code sau TAG </html> ca tng
trang ph:
</body>
</html>
<noembed>
Geocities thay i thng xuyn Banner-Code ca h v cng lun tm cch v
hiu ha nhng dng code ca bn. Nu bn thy Banner ca Geocities [trn trang
Test ny], lm n thng bo cho ti trn [Forum]. Tt nhin, nhiu khi my anh
lp trnh vin ca geocities cng lun qun, trc y ti phi dng ti gn 10
dng code ph, sau khi h "v hiu ha" ht, ti ch cn ng mt dng ;-)
Hypermart
[Hypermart.com] cho bn s dng 50 MB v c CGI, SSI nhng cng quy ry bn

bi Popups. a dng code sau vo sau TAG </script> cui cng (nu c) hoc
bt k ni no trong HTML code (nu khng c TAG </script>) ca tng trang
ph:
<noscript><noscript><plaintext>
Lycos.com
[Lycos.com] cho bn s dng 50 MB v c PHP, MySQL nhng cng quy ry bn
bi Popups. a dng code sau vo sau TAG </html> ca tng trang ph:
<noscript><noscript><plaintext>
Netfirms.com
[Netfirms.com] cho bn s dng 25 MB v c CGI-BIN v tt nhin, c c banner
"trn gi". Tt c cc bin php nu u b h v hiu ha, tr bin php ny.
a on code sau vo sau TAG </html> (di tn cng) ca tng trang
ph:
</body>
</html>
<noembed>
<html>
<body>
Be fair and don't remove these lines!
Banner Killer by www.tridung.de
</body>
</html>
</noembed>
Ti c lm [trang th nghim] trn netfirms, nu trang ny c banner ngha l bin
php ny b pht hin, lm n thng bo cho ti trn [forum] hoc qua [email]. y l li gii p thc mc ca bn ngocthanh trn forum (17.12.2002).
Topcities.com
[Topcities.com] cho bn s dng 150 MB v khuyn mi cho bn mt Banner
tng i to ngay trn cng. Chc bn cng khng thch g khi b ci mn b gia
trn ng khng ;-) a dng code sau vo sau thay th (ch : ti ni y l
thay th, c ngha trong HTML Code ca bn khng c php cha mt TAG
<body> th hai!) cho TAG <body> ca tng trang ph:
var td, pn;
td = "<bo";
pn = "dy>";
</script>
v t 14.09.2002 bn phi thm dng sau vo sau TAG </html> ca trang web
v hiu ha dng code cui trang ca Topcities
<noscript>
Ti c mt [Testpage] trn Topcities, nu thy c qung co th bin php ny
b pht hin. Hy thng bo cho ti trn [Forum] ti tm cch khc. y l li
gii p thc mc ca bn Khoi Viet Hoang (05.09.2002) Chc bn thnh cng!
Tripod.com
[Tripod.com] cho bn s dng 50 MB v c CGI nhng cng quy ry bn bi
Banner. a dng code sau vo trc TAG <body> ca tng trang ph:
var td, pn;
td = "<bo";
pn = "dy>";
</script>
Ti c mt [Testpage] trn Tripod, nu thy c qung co th bin php ny b
pht hin. Hy thng bo cho ti trn [Forum] ti tm cch khc. Ngoi ra bn
cn c th dng cch dnh cho Topcities ph.
Kill Popup
a dng code sau vo sau TAG <html> ca tng trang ph:
<!-function open () { }
//-->
</script>
Hijack Popup
Nu bn bit tn ca Popup Window (xem trong on Script m FWP ci thm vo
trang ca bn), bn c th dng Script sau ng n li ngay sau khi n m v
ngi xem s khng nhn bit c iu ny. a dng code sau vo sau TAG
<html> ca tng trang ph. Phng php ny dng c cho
Coolfreepages.com.

</script>
Hide Popup
Nu khng c cch no trong nhng cch trn p dng c, bn s dng cch
sau y trang web ca mnh ra trc Popup. Ngi c tuy phi t ng Popup
nhng ch nhn bit c khi ri trang bn. a dng code sau vo sau TAG
<html> ca tng trang ph:
<!-window.focus()
//-->
</script>
10 BEST FWP (Free Webspace Provider)

ng k tn min .tk min ph!
www.
your-domain-here
.tk
register
Bn va lm cho mnh mt trang web nh v cha bit lm th no a n ln

internet? Bn c mt cng y MP3 v mun chia x vi mi ngi nhng nh
cung cp internet ca bn khng cho php lu MP3 trn server ca h? Ni ngn gn
l bn mun c webspace v khng mun mt tin? Trong trang web ny, ti xin gii
thiu vi bn 10 FWPs tt nht xp theo th t.
1. Crosswinds Free
Internet: www.crosswinds.net
Homepage-URL: www.crosswinds.net/~ten_ban
Webspace: v t (no limit)
Gii hn traffic: v t
Upload FTP: khng h tr

Upload Web: h tr
Qung co: Pop-ups [xem cch ph]
Extra: khng
Hn ch: khng
2. Batcave.net
Internet: www2.batcave.net
Homepage-URL: www.ten_ban.batcave.net
Webspace: 100 MB
Gii hn traffic: 600 MB/thng
Upload FTP: h tr
Upload Web: h tr
Qung co: Pop-ups, Banner [xem cch ph]
Extra: Statistic, Feedback Form
Hn ch: khng
3. ZeroCatch
Internet: www.0catch.com
Homepage-URL: www.ten_ban.0catch.com
Webspace: 100 MB
Gii hn traffic: 20 MB/ngy, 600 MB/thng
Upload FTP: h tr
Upload Web: h tr
Extra: khng
Hn ch: file khng ln hn 1 MB
4. Anzwers Free Home
Internet: www.anzwers.net
Homepage-URL: http://anzwers.org/free/ten_ban
Webspace: 60 MB, mun nhiu hn phi hi
Gii hn traffic: v t
Upload Web: h tr
Qung co: Banner
Extra: khng
Hn ch: cm mt s file types, khng h tr frames
5. Lycos Tripod
Internet: www.tripod.com
Homepage-URL: ten_ban.tripod.com
Webspace: 50 MB
Gii hn traffic: v t
Upload FTP: h tr (a ch: ftp.tripod.com, s dng username v
password)
Upload Web: h tr
Qung co: Pop-ups [xem cch ph]
Extra: ti khon e-mail, PHP...
Hn ch: khng
6. Fortunecity
Internet: www.fortunecity.com
Homepage-URL: http://members.fortunecity.com/ten_ban
Webspace: 100 MB
Gii hn traffic: v t
Upload FTP: h tr
Upload Web: h tr
Extra: khng
Hn ch: cm file ln hn 5 MB
7. Cool Free Pages
Internet: www.coolfreepages.com
Homepage-URL: ten_ban.coolfreepages.com
Webspace: 50 MB
Gii hn traffic: v t
Upload FTP: h tr
Upload Web: khng h tr
Qung co: Pop-under [xem cch ph]
Extra: PHP
Hn ch: khng
8. FindALL
Internet: www.findall.de
Homepage-URL: www.findall.de/home/ten_ban
Webspace: 25 MB
Gii hn traffic: v t
Upload Web: h tr
Qung co: khng
Extra: khng
Hn ch: khng
9. Spaceports
Internet: www.spaceports.com
Homepage-URL: http://galileo.spaceports.com/~ten_ban
Webspace: 20 MB, mun nhiu th xin thm
Gii hn traffic: 100 MB/ngy, 1 GB/thng
Upload FTP: h tr (a ch v d: galieo.spaceports.com, s dng username
v password)
Upload Web: h tr
Qung co: Banner
Extra: ti khon E-Mail, CGI (rt tt!), PHP
Hn ch: khng
10. Yahoo! Geocities
Internet: www.geocities.com
Homepage-URL: www.geocities.com/ten_ban
Webspace: 15 MB, mun nhiu th xin thm
Gii hn traffic: v t
Upload FTP: h tr (a ch: ftp.geocities.com, s dng username v
password - hay b li login)
Upload Web: h tr
Qung co: Pop-ups (AdSquare) [xem cch ph]
Extra: ti khon E-Mail, statistic
Hn ch: khng
Bng ch ting Vit s dng Unicode
Gi tr ca x (v d: = Đ)
0
19x
22x
25x
27x
29x
36x
46x
784x
785x
786x
787x
788x
789x
790x
791x
792x
41x
43x
Mt s ch c du cn li trong ting Vit

Ch
Code
Ch
Code
À
à
Á
Á
à
à
È
È
è
è
Ì
Ë
ì
ì
Ò
Ñ
ò
ò
Ù
Ù
ù
ù
á
á
É
É
é
é
Í
Ì
í
í
Ó
Ò
ó
ó
Ú
Ú
ú
ú
ý
Ý
ý
ý
Bn c th dng bng code trn vit ting Vit trong HTML Code (s dng font:
Times New Roman, Verdana, Arial hoc Tahoma) nhng nn dng Frontpage (c
trong b Office 2000, XP) v VPSKeys 4.2 vit cho nhanh.
Cookie - chic bnh quy v hnh
C th bn tng c c u v cookie nhng cha nhn thy n hot ng
nh th no, cha tng tng c hnh dng ca n. Nu bn s dng Windows
XP, hy m Windows Explorer ra, vo C:\Documents and Settings\Ten Ban\Cookies\
s thy v s cookie c cc trang web gi vo t bao gi. Bn cng c th xa
ton b nhng cookie ny m khng lm nh hng g n my. Cookie (bnh quy)
thng l mt file text rt nh (max. 4KB) c s dng cc trang web "nh" ti
bn khi bn quay li, n gin ha cc khu in form, nh nhng settings ca bn
trn trang web... Cookie thng c dng nh sau:
Option: | tat | ~~local~~/D:\Website\Tri Dung\ihtml\ |
1088368571366429526991300723643229525583*
Ti thm du | vo bn d nhn. Trong dng trn, bn thy mt cookie c 5 khc.
Hai khc u mang tn bn, hoc trong v d trn l Option ca nhc nn, hai khc
gia l Path ca trang web (trong v d ny trang web nm local trn my ca ti) v
khc sau l thi im ht hn ca cookie. on code di cho php bn to

(set_cookie)v c (get_cookie) mt cookie:
//Script by www.tridung.de
var browser = navigator.appName;
LIVEDAYS=7;
function set_cookie(name, value) // Tao cookie
{
document.cookie= name + "=" + escape(value)+ "; EXPIRES=" +
cookie_live();
}
function cookie_live() // Tinh thoi diem het han
{
var date=new Date();
date.setDate(date.getDate()+LIVEDAYS);
var gmt=date.toGMTString();
var k1=gmt.indexOf(" ");
var
str=gmt.substring(0,k2)+"-"+gmt.substring(k2+1,k3)+"-"+gmt.substring(k3
+3,gmt.length);
return str;
}
function get_cookie(name) //doc Cookie
{
var value;
if(document.cookie != "") {
var kk=document.cookie.indexOf(name+"=");
if(kk >= 0) {
kk=kk+name.length+1;
var ll=document.cookie.indexOf(";", kk);
if(ll < 0)ll=document.cookie.length;
value=document.cookie.substring(kk, ll);
value=unescape(value);
}
}
return value;
}
</script>
Cookie at work - background music [see more]

Cch to nhc nn cho trang web bn bit trong chng trc. Sau y
ti xin gii thiu cch iu chnh nhc nn ph hp vi mun ca ngi
ti thm. Trang web cho php ngi ti thm la chn mt trong 3 cch:
chi nhc mt ln, chi i chi li hoc tt hn. V chc chn bn s bt
ng khi quay li trang ny sau 1 gi: bn s nghe mt bn nhc khc!
iu ny n gin lm, ch cn c k trang JavaScript v nghin cu
source code ca hai script di l bn t lm c ngay. By gi mi bn
th!
Lm n chnh nhc nn ca trang web:

chy lin tc
chy mt ln
tt
lm c iu trn, bn cn vit on code sau:

<script language="JavaScript" src="scripts/music.js"></script>
<form method="post" name="music">
Lam on chon nhac nen cho trang web:
<input type="radio" name="opt"
onClick="set_cookie('Option:','chay mot lan')"> chay mot lan
onClick="set_cookie('Option:','chay het bai quay lai')"> chay
lien tuc
onClick="set_cookie('Option:','tat nhac nen')" checked> tat
</form>
<script language="JavaScript"
src="scripts/load_music.js"></script>
Ngoi ra, cn c mt folder mang tn sound, cha cc bi ht (xem trong
script source code bit tn cc bi cn thit) v hai script (download
y: music.js v load_music.js) nm trong folder scripts
Bn nhoc_con c hi trong forum cch to mt popup window (thng cha nhng

thng bo mi) khi mt trang c m ra v mun popup ch m trong ln u
tin khi ngi xem va n. y li l mt nhim v cao c ca cookie. Trang web
m popup v t ci mt cookie vo my ca ngi xem v nh du l my ny
c popup ln sau trang web khng m popup na. Tt nhin bn c th da vo
v d trn cho php ngi xem t quyt nh mnh c mun xem popup trong ln
thm ti khng.
Cookie at work - Popup Setting [see more]
Trong v d ny, bn c th th nhng g ti nu trn:
Show popup on your next visit?
Yes
No
lm c iu trn, bn cn vit on code sau:

<script language="JavaScript" src="scripts/popup.js"></script>
<form method="post" name="popup">
Show popup on your next visit?
onClick="set_popup('Popup:','yes')"> Yes
onClick="set_popup('Popup:','no')" checked> No
</form>
<script language="JavaScript"
src="scripts/load_popup.js"></script>
Ngoi ra, bn cn cn mt file mang tn ihtml_popup.htm v hai script
(download y: popup.js v load_popup.js) nm trong folder scripts.
Trong trang Popup, bn nn lnh onBlur="self.close()" trong tag body
trang ny t ng khi ngi xem xem tip trang chnh
http://www.vitinh.de

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HNG DN NHP MN HTML

Bi ny s trnh by v nhng b n ca ngn ng nh du siu vn bn (HTML), nhng thc cht

By gi chng ta cng i su vo cc khi nim ng sau HTML, v xem xt mt s v d mu.

To lp trang Web l mt vn n gin, ch cn nh vn bn ca bn vo ri chn thm cc k

Nh trnh by trn, bn b sung vn bn ca trang Web bng cch nh n vo gia cc th

B sung nh dng v cc tiu :

HTML bao gm nhiu th lm p cho vn bn trong trang. Bn thy trn, mt t hoc mt cu

Son tho vn bn HTML

Khi bn nh my mt vn bn trong mt chng trnh son tho vn bn no , bn c

Ch : C th t hp cc ty chn trn vi nhau

Danh sch khng c trt t

Danh sch nh ngha

Mi yu t ca danh sch c cp mt ch s chng hn nh du trn. Trng rt ging

Danh sch kiu th mc

Cc th kiu ch trong ngn ng HTML cho php bn iu khin c v b ngoi ca

<em>nhn mnh </em>

<strong>nhn mnh hn</strong>

BATIN xin cho cc bn.

To dng tiu (Ch in m, canh

nh dng ng vin vi ng vin n

nh dng chiu rng ca bng n%

Khong cch gia vn bn v

Khong cch gia cc bin trong v ngoi ca

Chia dng thnh n dng

ALIGN=(left, right, center)

nh dng l theo chiu ngang ca vn bn

VALIGN=(top, bottom, midle) nh dng l theo chiu dc ca vn bn

Chia dng thnh n dng

Ch c gch ngang (A)

Hover - k thut thit k trang Web

[+] Th nht vi trng hp ca nt Services bn cn phi to hai file nh : ServicesOn.gif v

A:visited {color: #336699;}

M u - HTML l g, cu to mt trang web di dng HTML, mu ch, mu

<h4>Tiu ca trang web</h4><br>

<h1></h1> l to nht v <h6></h6> l nh nht. Tiu lun nm trung tm

Trong "head" ta cn c th a rt nhiu thng tin vo cho browser, search engine...

Sau y l HTML Code a hnh nh vo trang web:

Bn thy khng, iu rt n gin. Ch ring <img src="myphoto.jpg">

Trang ny bn ang xem d nhng bn vn c th ng qua [<a

V d trang web ca [<a href="http://www.vifi.de"

v d trn, bn thy mt on code mi, l target="_new". Nu bit ting Anh,

Thay v a ch mt trang web, bn ch cn a mailto: v a ch e-mail, mun c

subject v text sn, ch cn thm ?subject=tiu &body=text

web 1" shape="rect"

Trong bn t mt bc nh l MAP bng USERMAP: usemap="#Hillary", chia phn

document bng cp TAG: <center></center> Nhng g nm gia cp TAG ny u

align="left"> Ton b kh ch ny s hng v pha tri

<strong> Dng ny cng m</strong>

<u>Dng ny li gch chn</u>

Nu ca hng bn gim gi t <strike> 20000 </strike> xung 15000

Cng thc ha hc ca nc l: H<sub>2</sub>O (H2O)

<em> Nu bn mun nhn mnh iu g </em>

Machine code: <code>100 Basic <br> 150 if....<br>then...<br>go

Tn phm ca Keyboard: <kbd>Enter; Del; Contrl...</kbd>

Tn cc Variables trong lnh vc Programming:

Cc trch dn t nhng cu ni ca ai : <cite>Hc, hc na hc mi - L

Ch dnh cho Netscape Browser: Ch nhp nhy <blink>Look at me now, i am

Ch dnh cho Internet explorer: Ch chy

<marquee border="0" width="239" height="17" align="middle">

<hr> c th mang nhng gi tr sau: "noshade" (khng c bng), width="x" (trong

Thi vy, c l th l ri, nhiu qu li long mt ;-)

HTML Code ca bng trn c vit nh sau:

<table width="100%"> cho bit chiu rng ca table ny l 100%, con s ny