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MCH HC TNG HP
Tc gi: Hong Duy Tn

LI NI U
Trong lm sng thc nghim, i vi cc thy thuc YHCT, mt trong nhng yu t chn
on c coi l kh nht, l vic xem mch. Mch tng (hnh th ca mch) va l
thc ti ( s, bt c) nhng cng rt tru tng. Xt v tng ngha ca mch, mi loi
mch c th ch mt loi bnh khc nhau. Ngoi ra mch cc v tr khc nhau cng biu
hin bnh l khc nhau. Th d: Mch Trm (thuc Thn - Thy), nu v tr b xch bn tay
tri ( b v ca Thn) th rt tt nhng nu v tr b thn tay tri (thuc Tm) li rt nguy
him, v l biu hin ca thy khc ha, bnh nng hn... Mun hiu ti sao cng mch
Trm, b v ny th tt, b v khc li xu... i hi phi hiu bit v y l...
Sch chuyn v mch bng ting Vit hin nay tng i rt t v ngay c trong cc sch
gio khoa cng ch bn s qua v cc b mch, kh p ng c nhu cu ngy cng c
chiu hng mun nghin cu su hn v YHCT (trong c mch hc).
Hin nay, vi s tin b ca khoa hc k thut, nhiu nc nghin cu v s dng mt s
my chn on mch. Vi pht trin nh v bo ca khoa thng cng ngh thng tin,
rt c th trong tng lai, vic s dng my mc thit b hin i thay th i bn tay ca
thy thuc trong vic xem mch. Tuy nhin, vn cn n s kho lo, tinh t ca bn tay thy
thuc trong vic xem mch. V vy, chng ti cng s gii thiu mt cch tng quan v
nhng thit b hin i dng trong vic h tr ghi nhn mch. Cc chuyn gia v my tnh
nhn xt rng, khi chng mua mt my tnh, ra khi ca, c th my ca chng ta b tt
hu ri. Cc thit b chng ti gii thiu by gi, c th ch vi nm na thi s tr thnh tt
hu, nhng hy vng s phn no em n cho ngi c mt s nt chm ph v vic ng
dng cc thit b mi trong vic ghi nhn hnh sng mch.
V vy, trong tinh thn nghin cu, hc hi, chng ti c gng tng hp li cc sch mch (a
s da theo cc sch mch bng ting Hn) xa v nay, sp xp li thnh h thng trong
tng vn chuyn su v mch.
Ni dung ca tng mch c trin khai di 9 tiu :
1- i cng: Nu ln phn xut x hoc nh ngha v tng loi mch .
2- Mch tng: Cch m t hoc hnh v biu din ca cc mch theo cc sch chuyn
khoa. Trong phn ny, chng ti gii thiu thm (nu c th) hnh v biu din ca cc mch
theo nhng sch mch hin i: trnh by ng biu din mch qua cc dng sng,
c o bng cc my tng i hin i, gip ngi c c c s so snh hoc d nhn
xt v cc sng mch.
1

3- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch: Da theo quan im ca cc sch xa v nay, theo
YHCT ln YHH. Th d: Nguyn nhn pht sinh ra mch PH:
+ Theo YHCT c th do t kh xm nhp vo 3 kinh dng bc bch mch kh ra ngoi...
+ Theo YHH c th do lng mu ca tim tng ra c tng ln...
Nhng quan nim tuy khc nhau gia hai nn YHCT v YHH c th gip ngi c hiu r
hn v nguyn nhn pht sinh ra loi mch .
4- Mch ch bnh: Mi mch, ty tng b v (thn, quan xch) khc nhau, c th biu hin
loi bnh chng khc nhau... Cc y gia, qua kinh nghim, ghi chp tng i kh y
... y, chng ti ch tng hp li v sp xp theo th t thi gian ca cc tc phm trch
dn. Th d cng v mch PH, theo lch s phi k n sch Ni kinh T Vn ri n
Thng hn lun, Kim qu...
5- Mch ch kim mch bnh: Mi mch, khi kt hp vi mch khc, c th em li ngha
bnh l khc nhau. Th d: mch Ph Sc ch cm phong nhit nhng Ph Khn li ch cm
phong hn...
6- Mch v tr liu: Qua kinh nghim, cc nh mch hc tng hp c cc phc iu
tr cho tng loi mch, lm c s cho vic lp lun v nghin cu v mch.
7- Cc li bn v mch: Trnh by cc quan im ring ca cc sch v mch c uy tn, k
c nhng li bnh lun, tranh ci... gip hiu su hn v ngha v ng dng ca cc loi
mch trong nghin cu v tr liu.
8- Cc y n lin quan n mch: Nu nhng kinh nghim thc tin ca cc danh y v
cng l cch hay nht hiu r hn v l lun v ng dng mch trong chn on v tr
liu.
9- S lin h: (nu c) gia mch vi cc mch khc gip cho d nhn xt v d nh.
V ti liu c hn, s hiu bit c chng mc m ti v mch qu rng... chc chn trong
lc bin son kh trnh khi thiu st, rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp vic
bin son c tt p v hon ho hn.
Bin Ho, ngy 01 thng 04 nm 2006.
HONG DUY TN
A- i cng
Ch MCH theo nguyn ngha c th hiu l:
1- Ch Mch () mt bn l ch Huyt () mt bn l ch Phi () (l ngnh, l chi phi,
nhnh), ni rng mch l mt phi, mt ngnh ca huyt, trong , huyt lu thng.
2

2- () Mt bn l ch Huyt () mt bn l ch Vnh () l lu di, ni c mch (c

huyt), cn mch th c th cn sng lu di (mt mch, mch khng p na l cht).
3- Mt bn l ch Nguyt (ng ra l b Nhc ) mt bn l ch (Vnh ) l lu di, ni c
mch th sng lu ( khng cn mch th cht).
Nh vy, theo YHCT, mch l biu hin ca Kh, Huyt, lu hnh ngy m khp c c th
con ngi.

Theo YHH, mch l ln sng p huyt, t tim

chuyn ra ng mch, lan truyn di theo ng mch vi tc bnh thng l 9m/giy.
Theo YHCT, chn mch l thy thuc dng ngn tay ca mnh, bt mch ca ngi bnh
phn bit mch tng ri kt hp vi cc php Vng (nhn), Vn (nghe), Vn (hi), chn
on m dng biu l, hn nhit, h thc ca bnh chng.
Gi Tr Ca Vic Chn Mch
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Chn on mch tng c th hiu r c s bin ha
ca bnh t, theo m phn bit chng hu, mt khc li c th d c s thng hoc
bin ca kh huyt, theo m suy on c s thnh suy ca chnh kh, lm cho thy
thuc c th nm vng c chiu hng tiu trng trn lm sng".
- Thin 'Nghch thun' (Linh khu 55) ghi: "S thnh suy ca mch l xt bit c s h
hoc thc, hu d hoc bt tc ca kh".
- Thin 'Phng thnh suy lun' (T vn 80) nu ln c th gi tr ca vic chn mch: "...
em nhng tnh hnh t m xem xt c m tng hp li, suy tm s bin ha ca m
dng, hiu r bnh tnh ca ng tng, rt ra c kt lun ng n ri cn c vo im
ct yu ca h thc, ng chn, ng phn on".
B- Lch S Mch Hc
3

- Cun sch c nht cp n mch l cun 'Ni kinh T vn' ( khong 200 - 300 nm trc
Cng nguyn), ng k nht l cc thin: 'Mch yu tinh vi lun (T vn 17), Bnh nhn kh
tng lun (T vn 18), Kinh mch bit lun (T vn 21), Mch gii ( T vn 49), Th thung
dung lun (T vn 76)...
- Khong th k th 5 trc Cng nguyn, Tn Vit Nhn (Bin Thc) trong tc phm 'Nan
kinh' ra 24 Nan (trong tng s 81 Nan) bn v mch.
- Th k 2-3 sau Cng nguyn, Trng Trng Cnh, trong sch 'Thng hn lun' v 'Kim
qu ngc hm kinh' ghi li kinh nghim v nhn nh v tng loi mch v chng.
- Th k th 3, Vng Thc Ha ln u tin h thng ha ton b mch hc trong tc
phm 'Mch kinh'.

- i nh Nguyn, c hai quyn sch v mch ng c ch n l:

1- 'Khit C ch Thc Ha mch hc' ca Trng Nguyn T (Trng Khit C) ch gii v
sch mch ca Vng Thc Ha.
2- 'Mch chng ch chng' ca Chu an Kh bn v mch v chng.
- i nh Minh (1368) ti liu v mch c:
Chn gia chnh nhn ca L Trung T (L S Ti).
Mch l minh bin ca L Qu.
ch mch chng ph trng ca Trng Th Hin.
Tn H mch hc ca L Thi Trn.
Chn mch i ch ca Chc Nhc.
T chn php ca Trng Tam Dng.
4

- i nh Thanh (1644) sch bn v mch c:

Mch hc hp bch ca Trm Kch.
Chn mch tam thp nh bin ca Qun Ngc Hnh.

Mch l v tham ca T Chi Tun.

Mch hc ch thch ca Vng Vn K.
Mch php nhin tri ca Tin Kinh Lun.
Mch chng iu bin ca H Chnh.
Tr t mch hu chng ca Du Chnh Tip.
T chn quyt vi ca Lm Chi Hn.
Hot nhn tm php chn thit knh ca Lu D Nhn.
- L S Ti (1624) cng dnh hn mt chng ('T Ngn Mch Quyt' trong sch 'Y tn tt
c') bn v mch.
- Trng Cnh Nhc (1624) trong b 'Cnh Nhc ton th' cng c hn mt chng 'Mch
thn' bn kh su v mch.
Th k 18 vi b 'Y tng kim gim' Ng Khim v cc cng s c hn mt tp 'T chn
tm php yu quyt' bn v mch...
Qua th k 20, vi nhng tin b v khoa hc k thut, nhiu hc vin Trung Y ni ting nh
Thng Hi, Bc Kinh, Qung Chu, Thnh ... dng cc thit b hin i o v ghi li
c cc dng sng mch, ng thi cng nu ln c s tng quan gia mch v cc
chc danh bnh l theo thut ng y hc hin i...
Ti Vit Nam, vo th k 18, Nguyn B Tnh (Tu Tnh) trong sch 'Hng ngha gic t y
th' c nhiu ch bn v mch. V Hi Thng Ln ng, trong chng 'Y gia quan min'
cng c hn mt phn bn v cc mch v cch xem mch...
5

Ring sch chuyn v Mch ( ting Vit), c rt t:

Phng php xem mch ng phng ca Nguyn Vn Minh.
nh Ninh ti hc mch ca L c Thip.
Cm nang mch hc ca Nguyn Khc Nhn.
Mch l v phng dc ca Nguyn Hu Khai.
Sch dy xem mch ca Nguyn An Nhn, in 1942.
C- C CH CA MCH
a- Theo Y Hc C Truyn
- Thin 'Tuyn minh ng kh lun' (T vn 23) ghi: 'Tm ch mch', da vo cu ny, sch
'Mch hc ging ngha' gii thch nh sau: "Mch vi Tm c quan h vi nhau theo tng
nhp th. Tm li c quan h mt thit vi ton b c th. V vy, c th b bnh chc chn
s nh hng n mch".
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch l ph ca huyt, mch Trng th kh
c trng, mch on th kh b bnh, mch Sc th tm phin, mch i th bnh ang
tin trin...".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' gii thch ca thin 17 sch T vn nh sau: "Mch l ph
ca huyt, Vinh kh da vo m i trong mch, V kh da vo m i ngoi. Mch theo kh
i, huyt theo mch chy. Vinh V iu ha, kh v huyt thng ng, l ngi bnh
thng".
b- Theo Y Hc Hin i
Qua nghin cu mt s mch YHCT bng cc thit b hin i, sch ' Tn bin Trung y hc
khi yu'(1973), 'Trung y hc c s' (1974) v sch 'Trung y bin chng lun tr ging
ngha' (1976) cng nhn nh: "Nhng lin quan v hnh nh in tim, ting tim ghi ng thi
vi ng cong ng mch cnh v ng mch quay ni ln trng lc tng hoc gim ca
mch... lm nh hng trc tip n s thay i hnh thi ca mch...
Nhng s thay i , hoc do bnh ca tim mch gy ra hoc do bnh ca ton thn tc
ng n tim mch gy ra. Ngoi ra, yu t thn kinh, tm l, thi tit... cng c th nh
hng n s thay i ca mch.
Th d: Khi theo di mch PH, cc tc gi nhn thy:
Mch PH c th pht sinh do:
Lng mu tim tng ra c tng ln.
6

Sc co bp ca thnh mch km.

Hoc s thay i ca mch TRM c th do:
Lng mu tim tng ra bnh thng hoc h thp.
Cc mch mu ngoi bin co li...
D- CC B V CHN MCH
B v chn mch, theo cc sch xa, c nhiu cch khc nhau, c th tm vo ba cch
sau:
1- Cch chn mch ton thn (Bin chn php), thin 'Tam b cu hu lun' (T vn 20)
trnh by nh sau:
a- Thng b (u) chia l ba vng:
Thng b thng : ng mch hai bn trn (Thi dng) chn bnh kh cnh bn u.
Thng b trung: ng mch trc tai (tng ng vng huyt Nh mn) chn bnh v tai
v mt.
Thng b h: ng mch hai bn m (tng ng vng huyt C liu) chn bnh ming
v rng.
b- Trung B (Tay), chia lm ba vng:
Trung b thng: th Thi m (vng thn khu - huyt Thi uyn) chn bnh v Ph.
Trung b trung: th Thiu m ( vng huyt Thn mn - ch lm ln ch trong c tay, thng
ngn tay t ln ) chn bnh v tng Tm.
Trung b h: th Dng minh (vng h khu - huyt Hp cc) chn bnh v kh trong
ngc.
c- H b (Chn), chia lm ba vng:
H b thng: tc Quyt tm (vng huyt Ng l hoc Thi xung) chn bnh v tng Can.
H b trung: tc Thi m (vng huyt C mn hoc Xung dng) chn bnh v Ty, V,
xem V kh.
H b h: tc Thiu m (vng huyt Thi kh) chn bnh v tng Thn.

Hc
Thuyt
Ni kinh

Nan
kinh
Mch
kinh

THN
Phi
Tri
Ph
Tm
Hung
trung
Ph,

Hung
trung
Tm

i
Tiu
trng trng
Ph
Tm
i
Tiu
trng trng

QUAN
Phi
Tri
V
Can
T

Cch

XCH
Phi
Tri
Thn
Thn
Phc
Phc

Can

Thn

Thn

Can

Mnh
mn
Mnh
mn

Bng
quang
Thn

m
Bng
quang
Thn

Thin
Ph
Tm
T
Can
kim
phng
Thi th Ph
Tm
T
Can
Mnh
t
mn
nguyn Cch
Cch Cch h Cch h
c yu thng thng
L ng Ph
Tm
T
Can
Mnh
Vin
mn
i
Tiu
V
m
trng trng
3. Tiu
8

Bng
quang
Thn
Thn

Thn
Bng
quang

Hot B Ph .
Nhn trng
L Thi
Trn
D Gia
Ngn

Y tn tt
c

Tm

Can

3. Tiu

Thn

Ph

Tiu
trng
Tm

Can

Bng
quang
Thn

Hung
trung
Ph

Chin
trung
Tm

Tm
bo
Thn
i
trng

Can

Can

Can

Tm
bo

Chin
trung.

Can

Ph

Tm

V trung Chin
trung
Ph
Tm

Cnh
Nhc
ton th Chin
trung

Y tng
kim
gim

Chn
gia khu
yu

Hung
trung.
Ph

Ph

Tm

Tm

i
Tiu
trng trng.

Ph
V

Can
m

Tiu
trng
Thn Thn, B.
quang
3. tiu
i
Tiu trng
trng
Thn
Thn
i
trng Tiu
trng
Mnh
Thn
mn
B.
3. Tiu quang
.
trng
T.
trng
i
Tiu
trng trng
Thn
Bng
quang

T. bo

Thn
Thn

3 tiu Bquang
M.mn

Vic chia lm ba vng (Tam b) v 9 khu (Cu hu) theo sch T vn trn l d tm cc
mch mu phn (lp) nng (cn) ca ton thn, qua phn tch s bin ha v kh huyt
trong c th con ngi suy hoc thnh. Hin nay trn lm sng t khi dng n.
Trong trng hp bnh nng hoc nguy him, ngi ta mi chn mch Xung dng ( xem
v kh cn hoc mt, tin liu c vic dung np thuc hay khng ) hoc xem mch Thi
kh d on sng (cn p) hoc cht (khng p na).
2- Cch Chn Mch Theo Tam B
9

Theo sch 'Thng hn lun', c th ch xem mch tam (ba) b:

Nhn nghinh (ng mch c) chn v V kh.
Thn khu (ng mch tay quay - huyt Thi uyn) chn bnh ca 12 ng kinh.
Phu dng (ng mch mu bn chn - huyt Xung dng) chn v V kh.
3- Cch Chn Mch Thn Khu
Sch 'Nan Kinh', Nan th I cho rng, ch cn xem mch thn khu, v cng chia ra lm
ba b: Thn, Quan v Xch. Mi b li chia ra lm ba hu: Ph, Trung v Trm, hp li cng
thnh tam b cu hu. Ch dng mt b thn khu xem s thnh suy kh huyt ca ton
thn.
gii Vn nn (Nan) I l: "12 kinh u c ng mch nhng ch xem mch thn khu
chn on vic lnh d, sng cht ca lc ph, ng tng l th no?" Tn Vit Nhn tr li
nh sau: "Thn Khu l ch i hi ca mch, l ng mch ca th Thi m... l chung th
ca ng tng, lc ph, v vy, php chn phi ly thn khu. ( Thn khu gi, mch chi i
hi, th Thi m chi mch ng d... Thn khu gi, ng tng lc ph chi s chung th, c
php th thn khu d ).
Trong thin 'Ng tng bit lun' (T vn 11) Hong hi: "Kh khu ti sao li lm ch ring
ca ng tng?" K B p: "V l b cha thc n, l ngun gc ca lc ph. Nh vy, tuy
vic chn mch thn khu do sch Nan kinh xut nhng cng bt ngun t sch Ni
kinh T Vn.
(Ghi ch: Vng Thc Ha trong sch 'Mch kinh' gi b thn bn tri l Nhn nghinh v b
thn bn phi l Kh khu ).
E- MCH V TNG PH
Theo Nan th 18 (Nan kinh) th b v xem mch thn khu c chia lm ba b v c
gi theo th t: Thn, Quan v Xch. Cc b v ny s tng ng vi Tng Ph trong c th.
Vic sp xp (nh v) cc b v tng ng vi cc tng ph ra sao c cc sch kinh
in ghi chp li. Ty theo quan im ca mi tc gi, cch nh v c hi khc nhau v danh
xng, nhng v c bn li rt ging nhau. ( Xem 'Biu ca cc hc thuyt v b v mch').
Cc hc thuyt trn, vic phn b v tr ca tng ph u da theo ca thin 'Mch yu tinh
vi lun' (T vn 17) ch ring v tr ca i trng, Tiu trng v Tam tiu l c nhiu khc
bit:
- Theo Vng Thc Ha trong sch 'Mch kinh' th: "Tiu trng tng ng vi Tm, v vy,
Tiu trng b thn bn tri cng vi Tm, i trng biu l vi Ph, v vy, i trng
b thn bn tay phi cng vi Ph. Tam tiu b Xch bn tay phi cng vi Mnh mn
ha v Mnh mn ha v Tam tiu u l tng ha".
10

- Theo Trng Cnh Nhc trong 'Cnh Nhc ton th' th Tiu trng b xch bn tay phi,
cng v tr vi Mnh mn ha v ha Tiu trng gn vi ha Thn hn l ha Tm.
Ngoi ra, Tiu trng cng tng thng vi Thn v Bng quang. i trng b xch bn
tay tri, cng v tr vi Thn thy v kim (i trng) sinh thy (T hn).
- Theo L Thi Trn trong 'Tn H mch hc' th Tiu trng di Tm, v vy b xch
bn tri. i trng di Ph, v vy b xch bn phi.
c bit Trng Cnh Nhc v L Thi Trn khng cp n Tam tiu (Xem thm chi tit
trong biu ).
Nhn nh v vic phn b cc b v tng ph vi mch, Trn Tu Vin bnh lun nh sau:
"i v Tiu trng trong sch Ni kinh khng cp n, cc nh (nghin cu) sau u
theo l m da vo, (iu ny) khng th cu n, ch dng tham kho trong vic bin
chng". L Thi Trn, trong sch 'Tn H mch hc' cng nhn nh: "Su b hai tay u
l mch ca Ph, ch cn ly m chn on kh ca ng tng lc ph ch khng phi l v
tr ca ng tng lc ph".
Hin nay, a s cc nh nghin cu chn dng theo hc thuyt ca L ng Vin nh sau:
THN

TAY PHI
Ph

TAY TRI
Tm

QUAN

i trng
T

Tiu trng
Can

XCH

V
Mnh mn

m
Thn

Tam tiu

Bng quang

11

5- S Lin H Gia Cc B V Mch

Da theo c tnh sinh khc ca Ng hnh, p dng vo cch phn nh b v ca mch v
tng ph theo L ng Vin, ta c:
+ Tng sinh:
Thn Thy (b xch tay tri) sinh Can Mc (Quan), Mc sinh Ha (Thn) v Ha (Mnh mn xch bn phi) sinh T Th (Quan), T Th sinh Ph Kim (Thn).
THN
QUAN

TAY TRI
Tm Ha
Can Mc

TAY PHI
Ph Kim
T Th

XCH
Thn Thy

Mnh mn
(Ha)

+ Tng khc:
Nhn vo hng ngang, gia 2 tay phi v tri, v gia cc b v cng tn, ta thy c s tng
khc: Tm Ha khc Ph Kim, Can Mc khc T Th, Thn Thy khc Mnh mn Ha.
THN
QUAN
XCH

TAY TRI
Tm Ha
Can Mc
Thn Thy

TAY PHI
Ph Kim
T Th
Mnh Mn Ha

Nu nhn cho s thy: Ph Kim khc Can Mc, T Th khc Thn Thy v nh vy s c
mt vng lin hp tng khc nh sau:
Tm Ha khc Ph Kim, Ph Kim khc Can Mc, Can Mc khc T Th, T Th khc Thn
Thy, Thn Thy khc Mnh mn Ha, v vng tng khc c nh vy m tip din.
C l v vy m hnh thi nh v ny c nhiu ngi ch v chp nhn.
12

Sch 'Y hc nhp mn' ca L Din din ca cc v tr ca tng ph nh sau:

"T Tm, Tiu trng, Can, m, Thn,
Hu Ph, a Trng, T, V, Mnh (Mn).
- Tm d Tiu trng c t thn
Can, m ng quy t quan nh,
Thn mch nguyn ti t xch trung,
Bng quang th ph thng tng ng.
- Ph d i trng c hu thn,
T, V mch tng hu quan nhn,
- Tm bo hu xch phi Tam tiu
Th vi s hc nhp mn quyt".
E. PHNG PHP CHN MCH
1- Thi gian xem mch
- Thin ' Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Chn mch thng vo lc sng sm, m
kh cha ng, dng kh cha tn, cha n ung g, kinh mch cha y, lc mch iu
ha, kh huyt cha lon, do , c th tm thy mch bnh".
Tuy nhin, Ung Thch Sn, trong 'Thch Sn y n' nhn nh rng: "Nu gp bnh th
bt c lc no cng c th chn mch, khng cn chn mch vo lc sng sm mi c".
- Trc khi chn mch, nn cho ngi bnh ngh mt lt cho kh huyt c iu ha.
- Khng nn xem mch khi ngi bnh n ung qa no, i qa hoc mi ung ru, i xa
n m mt mi...
- Ngoi ra, ng tay o ngi bnh qu cht, hon cnh chung quanh n o... cng c th nh
hng n vic chn mch.
2- T th lc xem mch
- Theo sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' th : "Ngi bnh nn ngi thng thn, t
nhin hoc nm nga, cnh tay nn dui ra 2 bn, bn tay nga cho huyt mch lu
thng tt v khng nh hng n mch".
13

Sch 'Y tng kim gim' nu r: "Ngi bnh nm nghing th cnh tay pha di ln lm
mch khng chy c. Nu co tay li th bn tay b b tc, mch khng lu thng. Nu
xui tay th mu dn xung lm mch b tr, nu gi tay ln cao th kh chy ln m mch
nhy. Nu co c th li th kh b nn m mch b g b. Nu ngi c ng th kh b nhiu
lon m mch chy nhanh..."
Thy thuc nn ngi nghing i vi ngi bnh, dng tay tri chn mch tay phi
ngi bnh v ngc li dng tay phi chn mch tay tri.
3- nh hi th
Thy thuc cn n nh hi th, gi vng tiu chun: 1 hi th ra, ht vo tng ng vi 4
ln mch p. Sau , cn c vo tiu chun ny, tp trung ch vo cc ngn tay ang t
trn cc b v thm d mch tng v s mch m ca ngi bnh. Do , thin 'Mch
yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Phng php chn mch ct tm h tnh".
4- Cch t tay chn mch
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' trnh by cch t tay xem mch nh sau: "Khi t ngn tay xung,
u tin t ngn tay gia vo b quan ( m trong ch xng cao - ngang vi li xng
quay), ri t lun 2 ngn tay 2 (tr) v 4 (p t) pha trc v sau thnh 3 b mch. Ngn
tay trc (trn) l b thn khu, ngn tay sau (di) l b xch. Nu cng tay ngi bnh di
th t ngn tay tha, nu cng tay ngn th t cc ngn tay kht nhau".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' nhn mnh rng: "Khi t ngn tay (xem mch) cn phi
u ngn tay bng nhau v mc cm gic ca da u cc ngn tay ang xem mch
khng ging (nhy bn) nh nhau... v vy, khi cn chn mch, nn dng ch nh ( ch u
ngn tay ni ln nh si ch) s, n".
- Sch 'Mch ngha gin ma' gii thch r hn nh sau: "Ba ngn tay ca ngi ta di ngn
khng bng nhau, v vy phi 3 u ngn tay bng nhau, t ngn ny ngang t ngn kia
mi c th chn mch c. Nhng da tht u 3 ngn tay th ngn tr nhy cm nht, ngn
gia da dy, ngn th 4 li dy v km nhy cm hn. V vy, phi dng cnh ca u ngn
tay nh si ch, gi l ch mc (mt ca ngn tay) n ln sng mch".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' cn lu rng: "iu quan trng hn na l khng nn da
vo mch p u ngn tay ca mnh m nhn lm vi mch p ca ngi bnh, v
u ngn tay ca thy thuc cng c ng mch. iu ny cn ch trn lm sng".
Sau khi t tay ng v tr v ng phng php, thy thuc phi bit vn dng nng lc
nng nh v di chuyn ngn tay thm d mch tng.
Hot B Nhn, trong sch 'Chn gia khu yu' nu r: "Chn mch c 3 iu ch yu l C,
n v Tm. Nh tay s mch gi l C, nng tay chn mch gi l n, khng nng khng
nh, uyn chuyn tm kim gi l Tm".
Hin nay cc nh nghin cu mch hc nghing v cch sau:
14

+ S (Khinh) n: Bt u t (ng) ngn tay n mch ca ngi bnh chn bnh

ph.
+ Trung n: n nh tay xung 1 cht bit v V kh.
+ Trm (Trng) n: n nng tay xung mt t chn bnh tng.
Cch chung, khi chn (xem) mch, nn:
Xem chung c 3 b (Tng khn) nhn nh v tnh hnh chung (thng c dng nht).
Xem ring tng b phn (n khn) nh gi ring tng c quan, tng ph.
Ngoi ra, theo cc nh mch hc th khi xem mch cn cn phi ch n 3 yu t l V kh,
Thn v Cn.
1) V kh
Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "C V kh th sng, khng c V kh th
cht", v vy, mch ly V kh lm gc.
Trng Cnh Nhc trong chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) trnh by v V kh
nh sau: Mun xt din tin ca bnh tt hoc xu nn ly V kh lm ch. Cch xt ny v v
kh nh sau: "Th d, hm nay mch cn ha hon m ngy mai li Huyn, Cp th bit rng
t kh ang tin trin, t kh cng tin, bnh cng nng. Hoc hm nay mch rt Huyn, Cp
nhng ngy mai li thy ha hon th bit l V kh n, V kh n th bnh nh dn. Nu
nh trong chc lt m mi u thy mch Cp m sau Hon l V kh n, lc u Hon
m sau Cp l V kh mt".
2) Thn
Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' gii thch: "Gi l thn ca mch tc l mch i
nhu ha. Th d nh bt c mch Vi Nhc th tuy l Vi Nhc nhng khng n mc v
lc l c thn, hoc bt c mch Huyn Thc m trong ci Huyn Thc vn thy nhu ha,
l c thn. Tm li, mch c V kh, c Thn u l c hin tng xung ha. C V kh l c
Thn kh, v vy, trn lm sng, cch chn on V kh v Thn nh nhau".
3) Cn
- Sch 'Mch quyt' ghi: "Mch b thn v b quan tuy khng cn na nhng mch b
xch vn cn, nhng bnh gp mch , khng lo cht".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' gii thch: "Mi hai kinh mch trong c th u
nh ch ng kh ca Thn m pht sinh. Thn kh cn cng nh cy c gc (cn) cnh l
tuy kh m gc cha kh th c hy vng sng c. Thn kh cha tuyt th mch nht nh
c cn. Mch Trm chn tng Thn, b xch chn v Thn, mch b xch m Trm,
c lc l du hiu mch c cn".
15

- Hot B Nhn trong sch 'Chn gia khu yu' li cho rng khi chn mch phi ch n su
yu t: Thng, H, Lai, Kh, Ch, Ch, ng vit: "Chn mch nn bit su ch: Thng, H,
Lai, Kh, Ch, Ch, khng hiu su ch th khng phn bit c m dng h thc.
Thng, Lai, Ch l dng; H, Ch l m. Thng l t b xch ln ti thn khu n b
xch, m sinh dng, Lai l t trong tht xut ra ch trong da ngoi, s tng ln ca kh.
Kh l t ch trong da ngoi tht i vo tht vo xng, s ging xung ca kh. ng l Ch,
ngh l Ch".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' khi gii thch cu ny nhn xt: "Cu danh
ngn su ch (Thng, H, Lai, Kh, Ch, Ch) ca Hot B Nhn, cc y gia ca cc thi i
u cho rng tm c iu ct yu ca vic chn mch.
Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' gii thch v cc yu quyt chn mch ca Hot
B Nhn nh sau:
Thng, H l ch mch ch thng sut t b xch n b thn, ch chn st 1 b m phi ch
n tnh hnh c ba b thn, quan, xch nh chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun)
ghi: " b thn, mch H khng n b quan l du hiu dng tuyt, b xch, mch
Thng khng ti b quan l m b tuyt".
Lai, Kh l ch s thng ging ca mch. Thng ging khng cp bch, nh nhng, iu ha
l mch tng ca mch khng c bnh. Mch Lai m Tt, mch Kh m T l du hiu trn
thc di h ( hoc trong h ngoi thc). Mch Lai m T, Mch Kh m Tt l du hiu
trn h di thc (hoc ngoi h trong thc).
'Ch Ch' l ch vo ch v trong thi gian ngn hay di ca cc b mch. Ch chn mch
n, thi gian ngn hoc di ca cc b mch. Ch thi gian ngn di b thng c th xt
s thnh suy ca chn dng bin v yu mch ca chn m. Ch thi gian di ngn b
h c th xt s thnh suy ca chn m bin v s mch yu ca chn dng".
Ng Hc Cao nhn xt: "Mch c thng h l m dng tng sinh, bnh tuy nng cng
khng cht. Mch c lai, kh l biu l giao ha, bnh tuy nng ri cng khi. Mch khng c
Thng, H, lai, kh th cht gn ngy".
5- Bin Lun V Mch
Theo sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' th khi bin lun v mch cn ch n hai
yu t chnh l:
1- Khng nn cu n v tnh cht c th ca tng mch.
Th d: Khi ni n biu l phi quy v mch Ph, nhit l Sc, l l Trm, hn l Tr, mch
Huyn, Cng l Thc; T, Vi l H... tuy nhin, phi cn lu n cc yu t chn, gi.
Bn v vn ny, Trng Cnh Nhc trong chng 'Mch thn' ca b 'Cnh Nhc ton
th' gii thch nh sau: "Mch Ph tuy thuc v biu nhng h m h, huyt thiu, kh
trung tiu suy tn s thy mch Ph m v lc, v vy, khng th cho rng mch Ph hon
16

ton lin h vi phn biu. Mch Trm tuy thuc v phn l nhng h ngoi t mi cm m
vo su th hn t b ly kinh lc, mch kh khng thng t c, s thy mch Trm, v
vy, khng th cho rng mch Trm hon ton thuc v phn l. Mch Sc l nhit, nhng
chn nhit cha hn l Sc. Chng h tn, m dng u b khn qun, kh huyt hn
lon, h nhiu, mch Sc cng nhiu, v vy khng th ni l Sc hon ton thuc nhit
c. Tr l hn nhng bnh thng hn, t kh mi lui, nhit cha ht, mch phn nhiu l
Tr Hot, v vy ng cho rng Tr hon ton l hn. Huyn, Cng thuc thc nhng chn
m, v kh h qu v cc chng m dng quan cch (b ngn tr), mch s Huyn, Cng,
v vy Huyn cng khng hn l Thc. Mch Vi, T thuc h trng hp b au qu, kh b
b, vinh v b ng tr khng thng, mch s phi n np (Phc), v vy mch Phc khng
phi hon ton l H... t c th suy ra... trong cc mch u c vn ".
2- S khc nhau lc mi t tay vo mch v lc xem mch mt lc tht lu
C khi mch mi xem v xem mt lc lu c s khc bit. Th d: Lc mi xem thy mch
ni to, xem mt lc thy mch chm lng. Hoc mi xem thy mch mm nhn, xem lu li
thy bt di tay. C khi lc u thy mch Huyn, mt lc sau li l Hon.
Bn v vn ny, Trng ng trong chng 'Vn s chn cu n bt ng thuyt' (Chn
tng tam mui) nhn nh rng: "Khi chn mch loi khch t bo bnh m mch Ph l
ng. Nu bnh lu, sc h tn, nn chn cn kh lm gc. Nu thy Ph, i, n tay
lu thy chm mt, l hin tng chnh kh qu h, khng cn hi l bnh lu hoc mi
nhim, tuy rng chng m thy nng nhiu, phin nhiu do chnh kh suy khng t ch c
m h dng thot ra ngoi. Khi mi xem mch thy Nhu, Nhuyn, bt u thy bt di tay
l du hiu bnh phn l, phn biu khng bnh. Khng phi tng kh b th thng th l
kin tch n phc bn trong, trng hp ny khng th cho l mch Trm m lm l b h
hn. Mi xem thy mch hi Huyn, xem lu li thy ha hon, h bnh lu th sp khi,
kh huyt tuy km nhng tng kh cha bi. Cch chung, mch ca ngi bnh lc mi t
tay vo tuy thy v lc hoc Huyn T, khng ha hon, xem lu trn mi ch li thy iu
ha dn, th bnh c th cha. Nu mi xem mch thy ha hon nhng xem lu li thy Vi,
Sc khng ng tay hoc dn dn Huyn, cng ( ngnh) th bnh kh cha".
6- B Mch Theo Chng - B Chng Theo Mch
(X Mch Tng Chng - X Chng Tng Mch)
Thng thng th mch v chng tng ng vi nhau, nhng c nhiu trng hp mch v
chng li khng i i vi nhau nh dng chng m li thy mch m hoc m chng m
thy mch dng... Sch ' Y bin' gii thch r nh sau: "Phm bnh m mch v chng
khng hp th mt bn tht, mt bn gi, cn phn bit k. Nh bn ngoi tuy phin nhit m
thy mch Vi, Nhc th h ha, h tng, li chu c cng pht sao?. Nn theo mch m
cha chng chn h ch khng theo chng l gi tng. Hoc trng hp bnh vn khng
c phin nhit m thy mch Hng, Sc th khng phi l ha t. Bnh vn khng c trng
y, tr m thy mach Huyn, Cng th khng phi l chng thc bn trong. Khng
nhit, khng trng li c th chu c php t hay sao?. Nn theo chng h ch khng
theo mch gi thc... Nu l t lm thng tn bn trong hoc thc tr, kh tr m bng trn
17

au tht n ni mch Trm, Phc hoc Xc hoc Kt, l t b tc kinh lc gy ra. c

chng thc lm cn c th mch h tc l ga, trng hp ny nn theo chng ch khng
theo mch. Hoc nh bnh thng hn, tay chn ga lnh, rt run m mch thy Hot, Sc,
l do ni nhit lm cch m. Lm sao c th bit c? V bnh truyn t kinh ny sang
kinh khc ch khng phi trc trng m kinh, t chng nhit chuyn sang hn. c mch
Sc, Hot lm cn c th ngoi chng l gi h, cng theo mch ch khng theo chng vy".
Trng hp no nn b mch m theo chng, L c Thip trong sch ' nh Ninh ti hc
mch' nhn nh:
Nn b mch theo chng trong cc trng hp sau:
- Nhng bnh m nhn xt v mch kh chnh xc nh nhng ngi khng th ch cn c
vo mch hoc nhng ngi khng c b mch xem.
- Nhng ngi thanh cao, 2 tay thng khng c mch, nu c th mch i rt m du, nh
nhng, b nh.
- Nhng ngi mch tay tri thng rt nh hn tay phi hoc ngc li.
- Nhng ngi c mch 'Phn quan'.
- Nhng ngi khng may b ct mt hoc c hai tay.
- Nhng ngi b thng ngay v tr xem mch.
G- QUAN H GIA MCH
VI NHN T TRONG NGOI
1- Quan H Gia Mch V Ng Hnh
Dng ng hnh p dng vo mch ta thy:
Tay Bn TRI: Thn thy (b xch) sinh Can mc (quan), can mc sinh Tm ha ( thn).
Tay Bn PHI: Mnh mn ha (b xch) sinh T th (quan), t th sinh Ph kim (thn).
2- Mch V Kh Huyt
Xt v kh huyt vi mch ta c:
+ Bn tri thuc Huyt: Thn, Can v Tm. Thn (tng tinh, tinh sinh huyt ) - Can tng huyt
- Tm ch huyt.

18

+ Bn phi thuc Kh: Mnh mn (Tam tiu), T v Ph. T l trung kh - Mnh mn l ni

cha nguyn kh - Tam tiu l ng dn kh - Ph ch kh. V vy, mch bn phi lin h
vi kh.
TAY PHI
KH
Mnh mn (Tam tiu), T, Ph.

TAY TRI
HUYT
Thn, Can v Tm

3- Quan H Gia Mch V Ma

Mi ma ng vi mt tng nht nh, d ma cng chi phi ton th cc mch khc trong
sut thi gian .
+ Ma Xun: Mch Huyn.
Cy ci xanh tt vo ma ny, mu xanh ng vi mu ca Can, do c mch Huyn (mch
ca Can).
Ma xun dng kh bt u pht (Thiu dng) nhng kh lnh vn cha ht, kh c cn c
hin tng c thc, v vy mch tng thy u thng m di, ging nh giy n (Huyn).
+ Ma H: Mch Hng.
Cy ci ln ln, sc nng ca ma h bng ln, thiu t vn vt nh la bng ln (Hng).
Vo ma ny, vn vt ti tt, thnh vng, mch n th thnh m i th suy, v vy sch 'Ni
kinh' gi l mch Cu.
+ Ma Thu: Mch Mao.
Mi vt bt u thu li, l cy kh i v rng ging nh lng, do mch ca ma thu l
mch Mao.
Thi im ny, dng kh bt u suy, th mch gim ch thy Ph. Sch 'Ni kinh' gi l
mch Mao l hnh dung th mch n ng di tay thy nh nh lng (Mao).
+ Ma ng: Mch Thch.
Mi vt thu gi li, tng tr tt c kh nng mnh m ca mnh sng qua ci lnh gi, v
vy, mch ca ma ng l mch Thch.
Ma ng vn vt b tng, th n ca mch kh trm m c sc bt vo ngn tay, sch 'Ni
kinh' gi l mch Thch l hnh dung mch n ng vo tay c lc cng nh cc (Thch).
+ T Qu: T qu l chuyn tip gia cc ma, v vy thng mang c tnh n ha, do
mch ca T qu l mch Hon.
19

4- Quan H Gia Mch V Lc Dm (Ngoi T)

Hn lm hi (thng) Thn v vy c mch Khn.
Th lm hi (thng) Tm v vy c mch H.
To lm hi (thng) Ph v vy c mch Sp.
Thp lm hi (thng) T v vy c mch Nhu.
Phong lm hi (thng) Can v vy c mch Ph.
Nhit lm hi (thng) Tm bo v vy c mch Nhc.
5- Mch V Tht Tnh (Ni Nhn)
H thng (lm hi) Tm gy nn mch H.
T thng T gy nn mch Kt.
u thng Ph gy nn mch Sp.
N thng Can gy nn mch Nhu.
Khng thng Thn gy nn mch Trm.
Kinh thng m gy nn mch ng.
Bi thng Tm bo gy nn mch Khn.
6- Mch V Nam N
- Sch 'Thin kim phng' ghi: "Mch ca ph n thng nhu nhc ( yu) hn mch ca
nam gii".
- Sch 'Y hc nhp mn' ghi: "Xem mch 'Nam t N hu'. Xem mch, phi nam xem bn tay
tri (lm chnh), phi n xem bn tay phi (lm chnh). Sch ' nh Ninh ti hc mch' gii
thch ca cu ny nh sau: "Xem mch phi nam, mch tay tri (dng) mnh hn tay phi
(m) l dng nhiu hn m l thun. Ngc li, mch tay phi m mnh hn tay tri l m
nhiu hn dng khng thun, tc l ngi nam b m thnh dng suy. Xem mch
ngi n, mch tay phi (m) mnh hn tay tri ( dng) l m nhiu hn dng l thun.
Ngc li, nu mch tay tri mnh hn tay phi l dng nhiu hn m khng thun, tc l
ngi n b dng thnh m suy. Nh vy, vic xem 'Nam t N hu' ch yu ch
xem m dng thun hoc nghch i vi ngi ch khng nht thit phi theo ng quy
cch trn.
iu ch yu trong cu 'Nam t n hu' l ch vo hai b xch ca c nam ln n.
20

+ 'Nam d t xch nhi tng tinh' hoc 'Nam d t xch vi tinh ph' ( Nam tng tr tinh kh b
xch bn tay tri). Xem mch ngi nam, nu b xch tay tri ha hon, c lc th bit rng
ngi tinh kh sung mn, khe mnh. Nu b xch tay tri Trm, Vi v lc th khng
khe...
+ 'N d hu xch nhi bo h' hoc 'N d hu xch vi huyt hi' ( N lin h vi bo thai v
cha huyt b xch). Xem mch ngi n, nu b xch tay phi ha hon, c lc th bit
rng t cung v huyt ca h tt. Nu b xch tay phi Trm, Vi v lc th khng khe.
H- PHN LOI MCH
C nhiu cch phn chia cc loi mch, ty quan im ca cc tc gi hoc cc trng phi.
Trong ti liu ny, rng ng tham kho, chmg ti trnh by cc cch phn chia mch
theo cc trng phi ln d nghin cu:
- Theo 'Ni kinh' (c coi l c nht): Sch 'Y nguyn' ghi: "Tinh xc ca php chn mch
khng ai hn sch 'Ni kinh'. Ni kinh ly 8 mch PH, TRM, HON, CP, I, TIU,
HOT, SC bin v biu, l, hn, nhit, h, thc, thun, nghch, (v) mi mch Ph l
bnh dng, mi mch Trm l bnh m, mi mch Cp th phn nhiu hn, mi mch
Hon th phn nhiu nhit. Mch i nhiu kh huyt, mch Tiu th kh huyt u t. Hot l
dng kh thnh, Sc l m huyt b thiu. Tc l trong 8 mch phn ra lm 3 mc tng
phn nhau(nh loi Ph, Trm, Hot, Sc), nhiu t ( nh loi hi Ph, Ph nhiu, hi Trm,
Trm nhiu), huyn tuyt (nh loi thi qu n cp 3, cp 4 hoc bt cp ch 1 ch, 2 ch,
mt hn... ) xt bnh tin thoi, thun nghch, sng cht, li khng tinh v gn hay sao?"
- Thin 'Bt mch yu ch vi cng" trong 'Cnh Nhc ton th' chia 28 mch ra lm 8 loi
mch chnh l Ph, Trm, Tr, T, Sc, i, on, Trng cn 20 mch kia th quy np vo
vi 8 mch chnh ny, gi l kim mch.
- Sch 'Lc mch cng lnh' ca Hot Th li ly 6 mch lm gc: Ph, Trm, Tr, Sc,
Hot, Sp theo bng di y:
1- Nhm Mch PH gm 6 mch:
Trm m rt hu lc, nh vo da trng l mch CCH.
Ph m v lc, nh la ngm trong nc l mch NHU.
Ph, Trm hu lc, mch chc di tay l mch THC.
Ph, Trm u v lc, np di tay thoang thong l H.
Ph, Trm, i, gia rng ngoi chc nh ng l hnh l mch KHU.
2- Nhm Mch TRM gm 5 mch:
Trm m rt c lc, tay st xng mi thy l PHC.
21

Trm, rt c lc, gia khong Trm v Ph l mch LAO.

Trm m khng c lc, tm k mi thy l mch NHC.
Mt hi th 4 ln l mch HON.
3- Nhm Mch SC gm 4 mch:
Mch Sc b quan, khng c u ui l mch NG.
Mch Sc, thng dng li ri li i tip l mch XC.
7 - 8 ln n l mch TT.
4- Nhm Mch TR gm 4 mch:
Khi Tr, khi Sc, dng li c s nht nh l mch I (i).
n khng u s, tay thy Ph m tn lon l TN.
Mch Hon m c khi ng li l mch KT.
5- Nhm Mch HOT gm 6 mch:
Nh tay vo dy n l mch HUYN.
i li nh xon dy l mch KHN.
Khng to khng nh nh vt cn cu di l mch TRNG.
n thnh i suy, n to i di l mch HNG.
Nh hnh ht u, ng tay vo xung ngay l mch ON.
6- Nhm Mch SP gm 3 mch:
Rt nh m mm, n tay vo mun tuyt l mch VI.
Nh mch Vi m r hn l mch T.
L S Ti trong thin 'T mch cng lnh' li ch quy v 4 mch chnh, gi l T i mch:
Ph, Trm, Tr, Sc.
- L Hu Trc trong tp 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) li chia mch theo M
DNG:

22

+ Nhm Dng, c 7 mch: Ph, Hng, Hot, Thc, Huyn, Khn, Hng gi l Tht biu
mch.
+ Nhm m, c 8 mch: Vi, Trm, Tr, Hon, Sc, Phc, Nhu v Nhc gi l Bt l mch.
Nhm cn li gi l Cu o mch (9 mch) gm: Trng, on, H, Kt, i (i), Xc,
Tn, ng, T.
- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' chia mch ra lm 6 loi gm:
+ Loi mch Ph (c 6 mch): Ph, Hng, Nhu, Tn, Khu, Cch.
+ Loi mch Trm (c 5 mch): Trm, Phc, Nhc, Lao, Huyn.
+ Loi mch Sc (4 mch): Sc, Xc, Tt, ng.
+ Loi mch Tr (4 mch): Tr, Hon, Sp, Kt.
+ Loi mch H (5 mch): H, T, Vi, i (i), on.
+ Loi mch Thc (4 mch): Thc, Hot, Khn, Trng.
BNG PHN LOI TNH CHT MCH YHCT
(Theo sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu')
Hnh Thc Tnh Cht Loi Mch
V v tr Sng mch
nng su. ni ln trn
hoc chm.
V cng Xem chn
p. ng mch
mnh, yu.
V tc
mch p.

V nhp
p.

Tn s
mch
nhanh hoc
chm.
Mch p
u hay
khng.

Ph
Trm
H
Thc
Tr
Sc
Kt
Xc

Ngha

Cch Phn
Bit
phn bit n kh,
bnh biu va, mnh
hoc l.
mi thy.
nhn ra Mch p
s thnh suy c lc hoc
ca t v
khng c
chnh kh.
lc.
nhn ra Phn bit
chng hn theo hi
hoc nhit. th thy
thuc hoc
ng h.
nhn ra Theo mc
kh c lu p u
thng hoc hoc khng
khng.
u.

i (i)
V th tch Sng mch Hng (i) nhn ra Theo th to
mch.
ln hay
kh huyt
hoc nh
nh.
suy
hoc
ca
mch.
T (Tiu)
23

V hnh thi a- p
sng
lu lot,
sng mch
r, u.
mch.

Hot
Sp

thnh.
nhn ra
tng trng
thi bnh l
ca tng
ph kh
huyt , m
tr.

Qua cm
gic v
tng hnh
th ca cc
sng mch.

b- di,
yu.

Trng,
on,
Huyn,
c- cng, Khn,
cng.
Tn.

MCH V HIN I HO VIC CHN MCH

i vi YHCT, thng thy thuc tay vo cc b v quy nh xem mch, t , da vo
kinh nghim, kin thc ca thy thuc xc nh ra cc loi mch v cc tng ph lin h
cng nh bnh l tng ng, y l iu m khng phi thy thuc no cng c th lm
c mt cch chnh xc v ng tin. V vy, lm cch no c th ghi nhn li cc biu
tng ca mch d theo di v c tnh hin i, chnh xc hn, l iu m cc nh nghin
cu mch v ang ch tm.
Trong ngnh tim mch, ghi li hot ng ca tim mch, ngi ta c cc thit b in tm
, tm thanh , tnh mch , ng mch Qua phng php ghi ng mch , c th
thu c hnh nh ca cc loi mch YHCT gip cho vic nhn nh, phn bit mch YHCT
thm d dng v r rng hn.
Ti Trung quc, ghi hnh thi mch YHCT, cc thy thuc thng dng my ng mch
k (sphygmograph), Php c loi my nh ng mch loi k (photo-sphymographe
lectronique) t sng ch ly.
Ti Vit Nam, ri rc c nhiu thy thuc t my m dng Osiloscope, mt loi dng ghi
sng ca cc my xung in, t dng vo vic kim tra sng ca mch, tuy nhin loi
sng ny khng mnh i vi sng in ni con ngi, do hiu qu khng cao. Mi
n nm 1980, nhm ca bc s L Nguyn Khnh, ln u tin dng my in tm thanh c
ng k (electro phono cardio mecanograph (c trang b phng thm d huyt ng ca
bnh vin Bch Mai - H Ni) ghi li ng biu din ca mch hc YHCT. y l loi
my c th ghi c hnh th loi mch bt c c tay ngi bnh ti v tr mch tay
quay (ni cc thy thuc bt mch), ng thi ghi thm c c ng mch cnh , in
tm v in thanh ca bnh nhn trn mt bng giy cng mt lc.

24

T th k 17, Vng K trong sch 'Tam ti hi', c l da vo s cm nhn c th

ha 15 loi mch bng hnh v n gin, nhng c th coi l bc u cc thy thuc
ch n hnh nh biu hin ca mch. Ti Trung quc, t nm 1970 cc nh nghin cu v
mch tp trung nghin cu v ghi li hnh nh biu th ca tt c cc loi mch kinh in
bng cc thit b tng i hin i vo lc . Tuy nhin, bo m cng vic c thun
li v chnh xc, trc khi ghi li hnh nh ca mch, cc nh nghin cu mi nhng lo y c
kinh nghim cao v bt mch hi chn v nht tr a ra kt lun v tn mch trc,
sau mi dng my ghi ng mch (sphygmograph) ti ng mch quay ca bnh nhn
ghi li thnh ng cong biu din ca loi mch . y l mt cng vic c ngha ht
sc to ln trong vic h thng ho, hin i ho vic ghi li cc ng biu din ca mch
YHCT, to bc ngoc cho vic nghin cu v hin i ho mch YHCT.
Cui th k 20, chng ta chng kin bc nhy vt kh tng tng c ca ngnh cng
ngh thng tin vi nhng thit b 'siu x l', chc chn s c nhiu bc tin trong vic
nghin cu v hnh nh biu th ca sng mch YHCT.
Mt s hnh nh biu th mch ca Trung quc (trch trong 'Trung Quc Mch Chn Hc' Nxb
Thin Tn, nm 2001).

25

HUYT NG CA NG CONG NG MCH CNH V NG MCH QUAY

ng mch cnh v ng cong biu din ng mch quay l hnh nh ca lung sng
mch pht ra t tht tri v ng mch ch truyn ln n ng mch cnh v ra n ng
mch quay. Trong hnh v ca mt sng mch, im C l ch ng cong ng mch bt
u un vt ln, nh du lc sng mch khi u s phun mu ca tht tri truyn ln n
ng mch cnh v ra n ng mch quay.
Ni ngi bnh thng, thi gian trung bnh t ting tim th nht (ng van 2 l) cho n khi
sng mch n c im C ng mch cnh l 80m giy (0.080 giy) v thi gian
trung bnh t im C ng mch cnh n im C ng cong ng mch quay l
80m giy (thi gian trung bnh t ch ng cong ng mch ch bt u un vt ln cho
n khi sng mch n c im C ng mch cnh l 30m giy). V vy, trong hnh
v mi thy c hin tng x dch mt t gia cc ng cong biu din ca ng mch
quay v ng mch cnh c ghi ng thi vi in tm v tm thanh .
Sng mch truyn t ng mch ch ln cho n cc ng mch ngi bin c nhng thay
i hi khc nhau tng ni, v vy hnh dng ng mch cnh c hi khc hnh dng
ca ng biu din ng mch quay mt t.
ng cong biu din ng mch no cng gm c 2 nhnh : Nhnh anacrot t chn mch
i ln n nh mch v nhnh catacrot t nh mch r xung chn mch.
Nhnh anacrot : T im C, sng mch un vt ln nhanh v nh, n im D l im cao
nht ca sng mch tnh t chn mch, hnh thnh nhnh ancacrot. Sng mch truyn ra
ngoi bin cng xa bao nhiu th nhnh ancarrot cng dc. V vy, trong hnh v, nhnh
ancarot ng mch quay dc hn nhnh ancarot ng mch cnh.
nh mch : L im cao nht ca ng mch cnh hoc ca ng cong biu din
ng mch quay. Hnh nh nh mch c th khc nhau (nhn hoc trn hoc i hi ngang
theo hnh cao nguyn v.v) tu tng dng sng mch.

26

Nhnh catarot : T nh (thuc thi gian tng mu tm thu), sng mch r xung t dc
hn nhnh ancarot n tn im C ca chn mch, hnh thnh nhnh catarot. Nhnh
catacrot trn ng r xung b lm vo thnh mt ci mc gi l mc dicrot, ni b lm vo
thng r nt nhng cng c khi rt t r nt, nh du vo chnh lc van ng mch ch
khp li, kt thc phun mu.
Tip ngay mc dicrot l sng di dicrot, ch yu to bi cc lung sng di li t ngoi bin
ngay sau lc van ng mch ch khp li. Sng di dicrot c th nh ln cao nhiu hoc t
tu tng dng sng.
Chn mch : L ng ngang ni lin im bt u i ln ca nhnh anacrot n im tn
cng i xung ca nhnh catacrot.
Nu in tm , tm thanh c ghi ng thi vi ng mch cnh v ng
biu din ng mch quay th c th ghi c ton thi gian tm thu in c hc. Trong hnh
v, ton thi gian tm thu in c hc l qung QT2. bt u t khi im ca kh cc tht,
tc l sng Q ca in tm (hoc sng R nu khng c sng Q) cho n mc kt thc
ting tim th hai (T2).
Ton thi gian tm thu in c hc gm c 2 thi gian tip theo nhau : Thi gian tin tng
mu v thi gian tng mu.
Thi gian tin tng mu l giai on u ca thi k tm thu : lc tm tht
co nhng van t chim cha m, mu cha phun ra, th tch tht tri cha thay i. Trong
hnh v, thi gian tin tng mu l hiu s ca qung QT 2 tr i qung CI' (QT2 - CI').
Thi gian tin tng mu phn nh s co bp ca tht tri.
Thi gian tng mu : L giai on th hai ca thi k tm thu, bt u t lc mu phun ra
khi tht tri cho n khi ht phun. Trong hnh v, trn ng mch cnh v trn ng
biu din ca ng mch quay, l qung CI'.
Thi gian tng mu t l nghch vi tn s tim v t l thun vi th tch mu c tng ra,
v vy, mun cho n c gi tr chn on, phi sa theo tn s tim bng cch o ly tr s
tuyt i qung CI' v qung RR lin trc n (tc l thi gian chu chuyn tim trc ri tnh
theo cng thc Wood :
Thi gian tng mu sa:

c gi tr chn on mc chnh xc cao, ngi ta thng tnh thi gian tin tng
mu QT2 - CI' v thi gian tng mu tm thu CI' 5 - 6 nht bp tim lin tip ri ly trung
bnh cng v cho bng giy ghi chy vi tc tht nhanh.
27

Sng p v Sng Tro : Trn ng biu din ng mch quay v ng mch cnh thuc
qung CI' ca thi gian tng mu, thng xut hin 2 sng chnh m nh ca sng ny c
th cao hn nh ca sng kia. Sng u tin c gi l sng p, sng th hai c gi l
sng tro. Gia 2 nh ca sng p v sng tro, mch c th i ln hoc i xung hoc i
hi ngang theo hnh nh cao nguyn.
Thi gian nh l thi gian ln ht ca nhnh ancarot, tc thi gian sng mch t im C
chn mch un vt ln, t n nh cao nht ti sng p hoc sng tro. Trong hnh v,
28

thi gian nh l qung C ng mch cnh cng nh ng biu din ng mch

quay.
C nhiu trng hp do thi gian ln ht ca nhnh ancarot rt kh chnh xc, th d nh
nhng ngi bnh thng c nh cong qu nhiu hoc nhng ngi hp ng mch ch
c ng cong dng mo g hoc trng hp gia 2 nh sng p v sng tro, mch i
ngang theo hnh cao nguyn V vy, thng dng thi gian na nh chnh xc hn thi
gian nh.
Thi gian na nh l thi gian ln na chng ca nhnh anacrot, tc thi gian sng
mch t im C chn mch un vt ln t n na chiu cao ton b ca ng mch
cnh hoc ca ng biu din ng mch quay. Trong hnh v, thi gian na nh l
qung CN.
Thng s huyt ng l t s % gia thi gian tng mu v thi gian tin tng mu
TSH = TGTM
TGTTM
Qua thng s huyt ng b gim nhiu hoc t, c th nh gi c mc suy tim nh
hoc nng, ch yu v mc suy tht tri.
Trng hp thng s huyt ng tng cao nh trong trng hp cng tuyn gip, do
TGTM tng cao m TSH tng cao, cng l bnh l v mt huyt ng.
PHNG PHP GHI MCH YHCT QUA MY IN TM THANH C NG K CA
VIT NAM.
Ti Vit Nam, nhm nghin cu ca bc s L Nguyn Khnh, nghin cu p dng my
in tm thanh c ng k ghi li mt s mch chnh thng gp ca YHCT phc v
cng tc nghin cu hin i ho mch YHCT. Nhng cng trnh ny c gii thiu
trong quyn sch 'Kt hp Y hc dn tc vi Y hc hin i trong lm sng' (Nxb Y hc
1982).
Dng c dng kho st l my in tm thanh c ng k Mingograf ca hng Elema Schonander (Thu in), t ti phng thm d huyt ng ca bnh vin Bch Mai.
ng biu din ng mch quay c ghi ng thi vi ng mch cnh , in tm
v tm thanh .
u d tm thanh t ti lin sn III bn tri v ghi cc di tn s theo chng trnh ca
my, t thp, trung bnh n cao, ghi song song vi in tm o trnh ngoi bin D2.
u d ng mch quay t ti v tr quy nh bt mch YHCT ti c tay. u d ng mch
cnh t ti v tr YHH thng t, c, ti b sn gip.

29

Hai u d ng mch quay v ng mch cnh bng cht p in titanat baryum, chuyn
cc xung ng ca ng mch cnh v ng mch quay qua my. Cc xung ng c
kim phun mc Mingograf ghi thnh ng cong ng mch trn giy Minograf vi tc
thng nht l 50mm/giy v khuych i thng nht l 1 milivolt cho tt c 123 bn ng
mch . Hnh nh ng mch quay v ng mch cnh u c ghi bn tri c th. Cc
ng cong ng mch v tm thanh , in tm u c theo di trn mn in sng
v ch c ghi ln giy khi c dng thch hp.
Xem chi tit cc dng mch tng loi mch.
Sau mt thi gian nghin cu vic ghi li mch qua my, cc nh nghin cu a ra nhn
nh nh sau:
+ Cch chung, mt loi mch YHCT c th gp nhiu bnh khc nhau, ngay c ni c
th bnh thng, kho mnh.
+ Nhng lin quan v hnh nh in tim, ting tim ghi, ng thi vi ng cong ng mch
cnh v ng mch quay ni ln sc co bp mnh hay yu, u hay khng u ca tim, ni
ln trng lc tng hoc gim ca mch lm nh hng trc tip n s thay i hnh thi
mch YHCT, m nhng s thay i hoc do bnh ca tim gy ra hoc do bnh ca ton
thn tc ng n tim mch gy ra. Ngoi ra, yu t thn kinh tm l hoc yu t thi tit
ngoi lai cng c th lm thay i hnh thi mch YHCT.
Da vo nhng kho st ca biu mch c th nhn thy rng khng th ch c bt mch
m c th chn on ra mt bnh no tht chi tit c th nh nhiu ngi t trc n nay
vn nhn nh. Mt loi mch YHCT khng c trng cho mt bnh ring bit no c. Mch
ch l mt biu hin, phi kt hp vi rt nhiu biu hin khc ca ton thn mi c th cho
bit c chng no thuc trng thi bnh thng hoc bnh l.
S phn bit c mt cch khch quan c th mt s loi mch YHCT thng gp qua cc
nhn nh sau y trn mt dng cong ng mch:
+ S thay i v thi gian nh v thi gian nh.
+ S thay i v t l gia chiu cao nh mch vi chiu cao mc dicrot v vi chiu cao
sng dicrot.
+ S thay i v hnh thi sng p v sng tro.
+ S thay i v khong cch RR gia hai nht bp tim di hay ngn.
+ S thay i v cc khong gia RR nhiu nht bp tim lin tip u hay khng u.
ng mch gip thy r c tng nt ca loi mch YHCT hn l bt mch, nht l i
vi nhng ngi cha c nhiu kinh nghim v bt mch. Nu c c bng ghi ng mch
sau khi bt mch vn c li v nm c hnh thi mch qua xc gic ca u ngn tay
ca thy thuc vn c nhng kh khn nht nh trong nhng loi mch cng chung mt gc.
30

Hn na, vic nhn nh hnh thi mch YHCT qua bt mch kh lng khch quan c
bng vic nhn nh qua ng mch , v trong lc bt mch, khng th no loi tr c
yu t ch quan ca thy thuc.
Mt s mch c ghi bng my ca nhm nghin cu Vit Nam (xem thm m t chi tit
tng mch):

Mch Hng

Mch Hot

Mch Huyn

Mch Ph

MCH Y HC C TRUYN
D trong cc sch kinh in nu ln 27 - 28 mch, nhng kinh nghim thc tin khm bnh
lm sng a s cc thy thuc cho bit rng trong tng s 28 loi Mch ngi xa truyn li,
c mt s mch k ra rt t gp. V vy cc sch ph bin v ng y hin nay Trung quc
nh 'Trung y hc c s', 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu', 'Trung y bin chng lun tr ging
ngha' lc b bt mt s mch t gp, ch nhc n khong 15 - 18 loi mch
thng gp.
Tuy nhin, phc v cng tc nghin cu, chng ti s gii thiu y cc mch (28
mch) vi nhng chi tit tng i k v su v tng loi mch.
Nhng mch no c th c c cc hnh v, hnh ghi bng my, chng ti cng s gi thiu
c th c ci nhn hin i hn v mch l ca ng y.
31

MCH CCH
( - Leather Poulse - Pouls Separe Void - Tight Pulse )
A- i cng
- Chng 'Bnh mch php'(Thng hn lun) v chng 'Huyt t h lao bnh mch chng
tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Huyn m i. Huyn tc l gim, i tc l Khu.
Gim tc l hn, Khu l h. H hn tng bc gi l mch Cch".
- Sch 'Tam nhn phng' ghi: "Cch l y, l cp".
- "Cch l da thuc, ni tng mch c kt khng di ng".
B- Hnh tng mch Cch
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch Cch n cun cun nh sui chy".
- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Cch ging nh Trm,
Phc, Thc, i m Trng, hi Huyn".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "T Xun Ph ni rng Cch l da thuc, l Ph, Huyn, i,
H, nh n tay ln da trng".
- Chng 'Chnh mch ton th' (C kim y thng) ghi : "Mch Cch l da thuc, l Ph,
Huyn, i, H, nh n tay ln da trng, trong h, ngoi cp".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Cch... ln m Huyn, Cp, t nh tay thy ngay,
n xung th khng thy, nh n tay vo da trng, ngoi cng trong rng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Cch i ni m dn vo tay, trong
rng ngoi cng, nh ln mt trng".
- Sch 'The web that has no weaver' ghi: "Mch Cch l s kt hp gia mch Huyn v
Ph, c hnh dng nh mch rng, ging nh da trng".
32

HNH V BIU DIN MCH CCH

Sch 'Mch chn' ghi li Hnh v biu th mch Cch:

C- Nguyn Nhn Pht Sinh Mch Cch

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' gii thch: "Mch Cch... do kh h khng kin
c, tinh huyt khng tng c, lm cho kh khng c ch da m ph vit ra ngoi".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' ghi : "Mch Cch l s tng hp gia mch Huyn v
Khng, do tinh huyt bn trong b h, kh khng gi c m ph vit ra ngoi ".
D- Mch Cch ch bnh
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch cch... n b th xy thai, n ng
th mt tinh, mt huyt, n b th non, rong huyt, bng huyt".
THN
Chn gia chnh . Tm huyt
nhn
h thng
(Tri).

QUAN
XCH
. Sn h (Tri). Tinh long
(Tri).
. Bn trn h,
au.
. Sinh non, lu
. Kim suy, kh
h (Phi)
ng (Phi).
Mch quyt
. Tm huyt
. Sn h (Tri). Tinh long
hi bin
h thng
(Tri).
(Tri).
. Bn trn h,
au.
. Sinh non, lu
. Kim suy, kh
h (Phi)
ng (Phi).
Mch quyt
. Tm huyt
. Sn h (Tri). Tinh long
khi ngn ch h thng
(Tri).
thch
(Tri).
. Th h, mc
ng (Phi). . Sinh non, lu
. Kim suy, kh
h (Phi)
ng (Phi).
33

Mch hc xin . Ngc bt rt, Hng sn

vi
hi th ngn, bn phi
hi hp, au trng au,
tht ngc, tm tm phin,
phin (Tri). khng mun
n ung (Tri).
. Ho, kh th,
kh ngn
. Bng trng
khng , m y, n t, tiu
nhiu (Phi). ho tr tr, d
dy au
(Phi).

. Lng au, di
tinh, to tinh,
tit tinh, mt
ng, tiu
nhiu, hay
qun (Tri).
. Bng trng,
mt mi, bng
lu, sinh non,
lng au
(Phi).

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Cch... mt mu, mt tinh, non,
bng huyt, rong huyt".
-Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch cch ch biu hn, trung h, xy thai, lu h, n
ng th mt tinh, huyt".
T Thn CCH

Hu Thn CCH

Tm h, au.
T Quan CCH

Ph h, kh ng tr.
Hu Quan CCH

Sn H.
T Xch CCH

T h, d dy au.
Hu Xch CCH

Di tinh.

Xy thai, lu h.

E - Mch Cch kim mch bnh

- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi :
Cch m ph cng l biu t cc thnh.
Cch m Hon, khng c thn l m kh tiu tan, kh cha.
F- Mch Cch v cc li bn
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Mch Cch hnh tng nh da thuc, l biu t c tha
m trong th khng , ging nh da trng, ngoi th cng cht, trong th rng h n nh tay
thy Huyn i, trong th kh huyt suy yu, v vy tng mch rng nh vy".
- Chng 'Bin mch hnh cp bin ha s ch bnh chng php' ( Ton sinh ch m) ghi:
"Tng mch Cch n cun cun nh sui chy l ni mch i m khng tr li, l m kh
cch dng cng l mch Dt, v vy mch kh i t b Xch ra, ln n Ng t, cng gi l
ly kinh, l khng c cn bn vy".

34

- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Cc sch vit v mch u cho mch Cch l mch Lao, v
vy, h ghi l mch Lao th khng ghi mch Cch hoc c mch Lao th khng ghi mch
Cch, ln ln khng phn bit. l v chng bit rng mch Cch th Ph, mch Lao th
Trm, mch Cch th H, mch Lao th Thc, hnh chng u khc nhau vy".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Xt cc li trch dn v mch Cch trong sch 'Kim qy
yu lc' v sch 'Tam nhn phng' th bit l khc phn biu Thc, l L H t thy mch
Cch".
- Sch 'Hong hn y hc' ghi: "Xt rng c Trng Cnh ni: "Mch Huyn m i.
Huyn c ngha l st km, i c ngha l rng gia, st km th l hn, rng gia l h. H
vi hn xung t nhau, gi l mch Cch. n b c chng tiu sn, rong huyt, n ng th
mt tinh, mt mu. Xem th th nhng iu lm ca ng L Thi Trn v cc y gia r lm,
khng cn nghi ng g na".
Bi ca mch CCH (Trung y chn on hc ging ngha)
Mch tng: Cch nh da trng thng cng,
Ch bnh : Khu Huyn hp tng, mch rng hn h.
N bng lu non ?,
Nam th di mng dinh h chng lm.
Tng loi: Cch kim khn hng ph ln,
Cch h lao thc phi nn r rng.
Cch l khu li i huyn,
Khu ch tht huyt, Cch bn huyt h.
Bi ca mch CCH (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch Cch ta cng phi hay,
Mch i ph i v nay cp huyn.
Nh da mt trng s lu,
Nh th thy mch, n lin mt ngay.
Ch bnh: Mch Cch ch bnh s bn,
Hoc ch biu hn hoc thuc trung h.
35

T thn au tm huyt suy,

Hu thn kh ng Ph suy m.
T quan Cch ch bn, l,
Hu quan au bng thc l T h.
T xch tinh kit khng ng,
Hu xch mch Cch n gi t vong.
N nhn mch Cch bo cng,
non, rong huyt, quyt khng cn ng.

MCH I
( - Huge (Big) Pulse - Pouls Grand )
A- i cng
- i l to ln.
- Trong sch 'Ni kinh T Vn' c n 7 thin nhc n mch i nhng trong sch Mch
kinh li t ghi v mch i.
B- Hnh tng mch i
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi : "Mch i trn y, ng
di ngn tay ln bnh thng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' ghi :"Mch i, rng v to khc thng, ch khng cun cun
nh mch Hng m thi".
- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi : "Mch i... tay thy nh trn y nhng n tay li thy
mch i khng c sc".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi : "Mch i... sc mnh i ph n th nh nc ni ln
trn y di ngn tay m trm n th li lan rng ra m mm yu i, tc l ph n th hu
lc cn trm n th v lc".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH I
36

- Sch 'Mch chn' biu din hnh v mch i:

( So snh vi mch Vi)

C- Mch i ch bnh
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch i l bnh nng thm. Tng mch
th, i l m khng , dng c d, s gy nn chng nng (nhit) trung tiu".
- Thin 'Ngc c chn tng lun' (T vn 19) ghi: "Tiu chy m mch i... kh cha".
- Thin 'Bnh nng lun' (T vn 46) ghi: "Ph kh thnh th mch i, mch i th khng th
nm nga".
- Thin 'i k lun' (T vn 48) ghi: "Mch Tm y, i s pht ra chng gin khit, gn co
qup".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Cc mch i, Ph, Sc, ng, Hot,
gi l cc mch Dng, bnh m thy mch dng th sng".
- Chng 'Tr tt on trng tp mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch i l huyt v kh u thnh.
Mch thy i m cng l huyt kh u thc".
- Chng 'Bin tam b cu hu mch chng' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch b quan Ph m i
l phong V, gy ra h ming, so vai m th, v qun kh chu, n vo th mun nn".
- Chng 'Chm o ngoi su tng x' (Gip t) ghi: "Mch m i l au t".
- Chng 'Tc yu hnh chn bnh hu lai thng bt lai thng i lun' ( Gip t) ghi: "Hnh
th sung mn m thy mch i cng l thun".
- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi: "Mch i ch t kh thnh, chnh kh suy. Bnh thy mch i
l bnh sp pht nng. Bnh mi b m thy i l thuc thc, bnh lu ngy thy mch i
thuc H".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch i ch t nhit cm nng, thp nhit, tch kh, ho
suyn, trng tit, kh a nghch ln lm mt b ph, h lao ni thng".
37

T Thn I

Hu Thn I

Tm phin, phong nhit, kinh

s.
T Quan I

Kh nghch, mt ph, ho
suyn.
Hu Quan I

Sn kh, phong huyn.

T Xch I

Tch kh, v thc, bng y.

Hu Xch I

Thn t.

Tiu , to bn.

B- Mch i kim mch bnh

- Thin 'Ng tng sinh thnh lun' (T vn 10) ghi: "Mch T hin n th mch i m h l
trong bng c tch kh, nu c quyt kh th gi l quyt sn. Nam n cng mt chng trng
nh nhau, do chn tay ang ra m hi m gp gi. Mch thn hin n th trn cng m i,
l c tch kh vng gia bng di vi tin m, gi l chng thn t, b chng ny l do
tm gi nc lnh xong m i nm ngay".
- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Mch Thi dng n th Hng, i m
Trng... Mch Dng minh n th Ph, i m on".
- Thin 'Ngc c chn tng lun' (T vn 19) ghi; "Mch chn tng ca Ph hin ra th i m
H, nh cm lng chim pht vo da, sc mt trng , khng bng, lng tc rng th cht".
- Thin 'Tam b cu hu lun' (T vn 20) ghi: "Thn hnh gy, mch i trong ngc hi
nghn th cht m ra ln m v mu l th no? K B p: "Mch Tuyt th cht, mch Hot
i th sng". Cn chng trng tit m c th khng nng, mch khng tuyt th sao? K
B p: "Nu mch Hot i th sng, mch Sp th cht. Nn theo tng tng bit ngy
cht". Bnh bin th nh th no? K B p: "Tng mch thy i m Hot th lu ngy
cng khi". Chng tiu th h thc th no? K B p: "Tng mch thc m i th bnh
d lu ngy cng cha c".
- Thin 'i k lun' (T vn 48) ghi; "Mch ca Thn i m Cp, Trm, mch ca Can i,
Cp m Trm u l chng sn".
- Thin 'iu kinh lun' (T vn 62) ghi: "m thnh sinh ni hn l th no? K B p: "Quyt
kh nghch ln, hn kh tch trong ngc m khng t ra c th n kh s tiu i m ch cn
c hn kh, huyt do m ngng ng li. Ngng ng li th mch khng thng, lm cho
tng mch thnh, i m Sc, cho nn lnh trong".
- Nan th 7 (Nan kinh) ghi: "Kinh vn c ghi: 'Mch ca Thiu dng n th Ph, i, khi
Tiu khi on, khi Trng. Mch ca Dng minh n th Ph, i m on. Mch Thi
dng n th Hng, i m Trng. Mch Thi m n th Khn, i m Trng".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch Huyn m i. Huyn tc l gim,
i tc l Hng. Gim l hn, Hng l h. Hn v H tng bc gi l Cch. n b gp
38

mch ny th lu h, xy thai, n ng th vong huyt, tht (mt) tinh. Mch thn khu Ph,
i... Ph l v huyt, i l hn, hn kh tng bc gy ra bng si".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch thn khu Ph m i. Ph l
h, i l thc, (mch ny) thy b thn l chng "Cch", thy b xch l chng 'Quan'.
Quan th khng tiu c, Cch th i ngc".
- Chng 'Thng hn l' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Phm bnh huyt m thy mch ng
Sc, sau khi ung thuc mch li Tr, mch Ph, i gim thnh Tiu, trc ang ng sau
li yn tnh th l triu chng sp khi. Ni xm, c th nng mch Ph, i, chn tay m
th sng. Nu lnh nghch th thy mch Trm, T, khng qu 1 ngy th cht".
- Chng 'Tr tt on trng tp mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Hng, i, khn cp l bnh
ang tin nhanh bn ngoi, u au, pht st, nht sng. Mch b thn i m b xch li
Tiu l u au, mt hoa. Mch b thn Tiu m b xch li i l ngc y, ht hi".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh tr nghi' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu Hng
i th ngc sn y tc".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch i, Ph, Hng, Trng l chng
phong huyn, in tt".
- Chng 'Bin Thc m dng mch php' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch ca Thi dng th
Hng, i m Trng. Mch ca Thiu dng th khi on khi Trng, khi i khi Tiu,
mch ca Dng minh th Hng, i m Ph".
- Chng 'Kinh mch - Phn thng' (Gip t) ghi: "Mch kh nhn nghinh i, Khn m
Ph l bnh nng thm, bn ngoi... bnh tng, thy mch Trm, i th d cha. Nu
b thn thy mch Tiu l nghch. Bnh ph, thy mch Ph m i th d khi... thy
mch Hot, i m li i, Trng l bnh t bn ngoi xm nhp vo".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
Mch i m Ph l h hoc biu b nhit.
Mch i m Trm l phn l b nhit, bnh Thn.
Mch i m Huyn l nng lnh.
Mch i m Nhu l h nhit.
Mch i m Hon l thp nhit.
Mch i m Hng l V b thc.
Mch i m Thc l c tch kh.
39

E - Mch i v tr liu
- Chng 'Bin thi dng bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Sau khi ung
bi 'Qu chi thang' ( Qu chi, Bch thc, Cam tho, Sinh khng, i to), m hi ra nhiu
ri m phin kht vn khng gim, mch Hng, i th cho ung bi 'Bch h thang' (Thch
cao, Tri mu, Ngnh m) thm Nhn sm. - Chng kt hung, thy mch Ph, i th khng
th dng php h cha c".
- Chng 'Ph nuy, Ph ung bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Ho m hi
a ngc ln l chng ph trng, mt nh li ra, mch Ph i, cho ung bi 'Vit t
gia bn h thang' ( Ma hong, Thch cao, Cam tho, Sinh khng, To, Bn h)".
- Chng 'Phc mn hn sn bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch
thn khu Ph m i, n tay xung li thy Sp, b xch th Vi m Sp, bit l chng n
khng tiu, cho ung bi 'i tha kh thang' ( i hong, Ch thc, Hu phc, Mang tiu)".
G - Mch i qua cc li bn
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "... Phm mch i m Sc
thnh c lc u l thc nhit. Nh mch nhn nghinh, kh khu thy i, Khn m Ph l
bnh nng thm, bn ngoi. Mch kh khu hi i l ngi bnh thng. Mch i
cng m Sp l bnh trng. Mch i thy ph n cho con b l s b trng phong nhit.
Ngi bnh suyn, so vai m th, nu thy mch Thc, i m Hon th sng, thy mch
Cp th cht. Sau khi sinh, mch nn thy Tiu, rt k Thc, i, Trng hp thy suyn so
vai m th l t kh bo ngc th li cn thy mch Thc i m Hon th mi hp vi
chng bnh... Nu Thc, i cp l t thng, chnh suy. Thng hn nhit bnh m thy ni
xm, phin kht, mch Thc i, tuy bnh nng vn d cha. Sau khi ra m hi m nng
khng bt, mch li to, Tt, Thc, i th cht. n bnh m st cao, khng ra m hi c,
mch li Sc, Cp, i l cht. Nu thy T, Tiu, H, Sp cng cht. Quyt m bnh m
kit l, mch i l h. Thy m chng m li st cao, mch H, i, v lc l bin
chng. Nguyn kh khng m pht nng, mch i m H l thng. Chng h lao m
mch i l huyt h kh thnh. Sch 'Kim qy' c ghi: "n ng bnh thng m thy c
mch i l h lao", kh c tha tc l ha vy. V vy ngi bnh trong ngc hi b mch
i hoc l bnh lu ngy, kh suy, mch i u l triu chng ca m dng ly tuyt"...
Mch i trn y, ng di ngn tay ln hn bnh thng, khng ging nh mch Trng
ch di m khng ln, mch Hng th li va ln m va Sc".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ch gii li ghi ca sch ' Chn tng tam mui' v mch i
nh sau: "Mch i l ni hnh th mch nh, ln, ln hn mch Tiu. Nu ni l 'Trn y
ng di ngn tay' th cha chc ng ".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Mch i ch bnh ang pht nng - v kh huyt suy
khng sc ch ng t kh, t kh mnh hn kh huyt th bnh pht nng".

40

H- Cc Y n Mch i
Y n Mch Bn Tri I
( Trch trong 'Ni khoa hc' ca Vin Trung y Thng Hi)
"Vng XX. Sau khi b th huyt, m phn cha phc hi vi lm vic mt nhc, dng
kh bc ln lm hoa mt, chng mt, tay chn t di, hi hp khng yn, ang ng c cn
nng t ngt, m hi t ra,mch bn tri i".
iu tr: Dng huyt, khu phong, dc m, tim dng.
Cho dng: Sinh a 16g, A giao (chu) 12g, N trinh t 12g, Mit Gip 20g, Cu ng 12g,
Bch thc (sng) 8g, Mu l 201g, Cc hoa 6g, n b 6g, H th ( ch) 12g.
Khm ln 2: Hi chng mt hoa mt, ng vn git mnh, pht st, ra m hi, hi hp, ng
km. y l du hiu mt huyt, phn m b tn thng, mt nhc lm cho dng kh b
ng, dng kh cha thu v.
Cch cha: Lim m, tim dng.
Cho dng: Quy bn 20g, Sinh a 16g, N trinh t 12g, Mit gip (sng) 20g, Tiu mch 20g,
Mu l 20g, Bch thc (sng) 12g, V u en 12g, Toan To nhn ( sao ) 8g, Thanh cao
12g.
Khm ln 3: Ht hoa mt chng mt, ng yn, m hi ngng ra, n kh hn, dng kh hi
phc dn, mi tnh trng phc tp g c gn ht. Tip tc iu tr theo hng c, bnh
khi".
Y n Mch I, Huyn, Sc
(Trch trong 'Lm chng y n bt k')
"Kinh Kha Tra Tiu Sn c ngi con gi ln b b kinh lu, gn y pht sinh ra chng
nng m trong xng (ct chng), n t, dng nhiu thuc nhng khng bt. Ti ni
rng: "Mch, i, Huyn, Sc l do m h, huyt kh ro, ha bo lc thnh ln v ung
nhiu thuc dng v n b qu lm cho ha bng ln, thy b kit, chn m b t chy v
vy huyt b kh m gy ra b kinh". Dng bi 'Thanh ct tn' (Si h, Sinh a, Nhn sm,
Phng phong, Thc a, Tn cu, Xch Phc linh, Hong lin, Bc h (l ), trc ht l thanh
41

c, lm cho xng ht lao nhit, sau mi dng php hot huyt iu kinh. Ung lin tc
10 thang thy c kt qu lin cho dng bi 'Bt v tiu dao tn' ( ng quy, Xuyn khung,
Thc dc, Thc a, Sinh a, an sm, Huyn h, n b, Hng ph, Trn b, Bch
trut, Sa nhn, Hng lam hoa ) v bi 'Trch lan thang' (Trch lan, ng quy, Thc dc,
Chch tho). Mi ngy theo chng m i phng.
iu tr 2 thng, cc chng u bt, ch cn chng kinh nguyt khng thng. Dng bi sau:
B t nhn, Ngu tt, Quyn b, Trch lan dip, Tc on, Thc a, Quy v, Xch thc, A
giao, an sm, Din h sch, Lu k n, Hng hoa. Tt c tn thnh bt. Dng cao ch mu
luyn mt lm vin, to bng ht Ng ng. Ung mi ln 3 - 5 vin vi nc nng, lc bng
i. Ngy 2 ln. Ung 3 thng, khng nhng huyt hot kinh hnh m c th, kh lc, n
ung li nh thng".
Y n Mch I, Sc
(Trch trong 'Thin gia diu phng)
"M X... cng nhn. Ho khc ra mu gn 4 ngy. Trc khi vo vin, trong 12 gi i ra
mu 3 ln, khong 1 lt. Km st, au vng u, ngc tc, mt mi, khng c sc. Khm thy
tnh trng ngi bnh trm trng, gy yu, h mt trng su kt mc sung huyt, ting phi
bn phi trm th rt, ting g c, tim p yu. Chp X. quang xc nh phi b thm nhim
c 2 phn trn. Xt nghim mu: Huyt sc t: 80%, Hng cu: 3.900.000/mm 3. Chn on
lm sng: lao phi c 2 bn c ho ra mu t. Sau khi vo vin dng thuc cm mu, trn
tnh, chng lao v truyn mu. Tuy dng nhiu bin php nhng vn ho ra mu, li mt
thm 1.000ml na. Hng kh, ming kht, g m , trng mt , tiu kh, to bn. Mch
i m Sc. Xc nh l chng th huyt do nhit. Khng nhng huyt nhit ha thnh m
cn lm tn thng tn dch. V vy, ngng dng tt c cc thuc ty y, ch cn dng sinh t
K, ch cho ung bi 'Ch huyt m' ( Sinh a (ti), Hong cm, Sn chi (sao en), i k,
Tiu k, Hn lin tho, Thc qun, Gi thch (sng), Long ct (sng), Mu l (sng), Tin hc
tho, B hong (sao), Thin tho (than), A giao, Tam tht (phn), thm Thch cao (sng)
60g, Nguyn sm 12g, Mch mn 12g). Sc ung ngui. Sau khi ung thuc, bt ho ra mu.
Sau 12 gi ch ra mt 400ml, Lc , tuy thy ha b khng (c) ch nhng mch li
chuyn sang H m Sc, th ngn m yu. S rng kh theo huyt m thot ra ngoi. Mt
khc v mch c v Sc, khi ha cn cha tt, nu nh hon ton i dng thuc loi n, ch
kh, c thot th li s rng sau khi thot kh, ha s tr li. V vy, u tin cho dng bi 'c
sm thang' b kh c thot sau li dng 1 thang 'Ch huyt m', thang ny c thm
Nhn sm, trong Sinh a, Hong cm, i k, Tiu k ( u sao thnh than). ng thi
c phi hp chch tnh mch 50mg Cortison, truyn 250ml mu. Vi gi sau, tuy c ra mu
ln na nhng ch mt cha n 120ml mu. Sau khng cn ra mu t na. Nh vy,
trong vng 24 gi khng ch c chng ho ra mu t. Hm sau, tnh trng ngi bnh
kh dn ln..."
MCH I ( I )
( - Intermittent Pulse - Pouls Changeant)
42

A - i cng
- Chng 'Bin Thi dng bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch kh n
ng, ngng ri li tip, gi l i, thuc m".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "i c ngha l thay i, mch bnh thng m bt thnh
lnh thy Nhuyn, Nhc hoc lc sc lc s, u gi l mch i ( i )".
B - Hnh tng mch i
- Chng 'Hnh trng ch h b quyt'(Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch i n Sc, ngng ri li tip".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch i thay i, c my ln n th ngng li 1 ln,
khng tr li c, lu lu li thy ng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch n ng ri li ngng, ri khng tip
tc ngay, lu lu mi li ng, ngng c s nht nh".
HNH V BIU TH MCH I
Sch 'Mch chn' biu th hnh v mch i:

C - Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch i

- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' gii thch: "Mch i l do mt tng khng cn kh, v th tng
khc phi thay... Hoc do kh huyt b tn thng lm cho nguyn kh b t on".
- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' ghi: " ngi bnh c mch i, khi ghi in tm
thy c hnh nh bloc nh thp cp 2 hoc hnh nh nhp i, nhp ba. Ng c Digitalin c th
pht sinh ra mch i'.
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' vit: "Sch Ni kinh dy rng mch i l tng
kh suy vi hoc l du hiu ca T kh thot tuyt. Nhng nhng chng phong, chng au,
tht tnh, kinh s hoc b vp ng tn thng m thy mch i v bnh m mch kh khng
43

tip ni, cho nn mch thy thnh thong li ngng li. Ph n c thai i khi cng thy mch
i. Cc iu ny khc vi mch i ca tng kh suy vi hoc mt tng no b mt kh,
khng th cho l bnh nguy c'.
D - Mch i ch bnh
- Thin 'Cm phc' (Linh khu) ghi: " Mch i (i) th lc au lc khng".
- Chng 'Kinh mch - Phn thng' (Gip t kinh) ghi: "i th khi hn khi nhit, trn nhit
di hn".
- Chng 'Lc kinh th bnh pht thng hn nhit bnh trung' (Gip t) ghi: "Bnh nhit m
thy mch i (i), mt ngy th cht".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Mch i ch v tng kh suy yu, T th qu h, nn
ma, tiu chy, trng hn khng n c m au bng".
- Sch 'Trung y khi lun' ghi: "Mch i ch tng kh suy bi. Bnh thy mch i l nguy".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch i ch tng kh suy vi, chng phong,
chng au, tht tnh s hi, t ng tn thng. Mch i l tng kh suy yu hoc l du
hiu ca T kh thot".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch i ch tng kh suy yu, T h hn khng n
c, nn ma, tiu chy, bng au".
T Thn I

Hu Thn I

Hi hp.
T Quan I

Kh suy.
Hu Quan I

Hng sn au d di.
T Xch I

T suy, bng trng.

Hu Xch I

Chn lnh.

Dng tuyt.

- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch i ( i) ch kh b hao
tn".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Mch i (i) ch tng kh suy. Nguyn kh ca 1 tng
no suy. Nguyn kh ca tng khc phi n thay vo . Tc l 1 tng tuyt kh,
dn dn s n ti khc b tuyt kh. Mch ny l cht".
E - Mch i (i ) kim mch bnh
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch Sc m ng, thnh thong li i l
bnh phn dng, tiu chy hoc i tin ra m, mu".
44

- Thin 'Tam b cu hu lun' (T vn 20) ghi: "Mch i m Cu (Hng ) l bnh lc

mch".
- Chng 'Kinh mch' [Phn Thng] (Gip t) ghi: "Tng mch thy Hot, i (ln) m li
i (i), Trng l bnh t ngoi xm nhp vo".
- Sch ' Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:

Mch
i (i)

Mch phi
Biu hin
Hng
Bnh lc mch.
Sc
Tiu tiu ra mu m.
Tr Hon T kh tuyt.
Trm T Tiu chy, kit l.
Vi T
Tn dch kh kit.

G - Mch i (i) v tr liu

- Chng 'Bin Thi dng bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn
m mch Kt, i (i), hi hp, cho ung bi Chch Cam tho thang ( Chch tho, Nhn
sm, A giao, Sinh a, Mch mn, Ma nhn, Qu chi, Sinh khng).
H - Mch i qua cc li bn
- Chng 'Mch m dng loi thnh' (Chn gia khu yu) ghi: "Mch i ( i) ch v hnh
th gy m, do mt tng v kh , v vy tng khc thay i, l triu chng nguy vy. Nu do
bnh m kh b tn thng lm cho nguyn kh b t on, hoc do phong, do au m thy
mch i, th ch l mch bnh. V vy, bnh thng hn thy hi hp m mch i (i),
vng tim au, cng thy c mch Kt, Sp m i khng u. n b c thai thy mch i
(i) l thai c hn 2 thng".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: " Mch p 2 ln ri ngng, ri li tip: 3 - 4 ngy sau s
cht. Mch p 4 ln, ngng ri tip: 6 - 7 ngy th s cht".
- Sch ' Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Xem mch chn bnh th 5 ch ( ln p) lm chun, nu
trong khong thi gian khng ngng ngh, gin on, l mch ca ngi bnh thng,
khng bnh. Nu ang p m bt thnh lnh ngng 1 lt li p tip th bit l tng kh
suy, kh v huyt khng lin h c vi nhau, l mch i (i). 'Nu khng bnh m
gy m, mch i th rt nguy him".
Bi ca MCH I (m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Mch i ang i bng ngng,
Lu lu li thy mch bng ni ln.
Ngi m may cha c yn,
45

Ngi thng mch y tt nhin chng lnh.

Tng loi: Xc i mau c lc ngng,
i chm m dng mch Kt chng sai.
i th ngng, chng li ngay,
Kt sinh, i t hai loi khc nhau.
Ch bnh: Mch i do tng kh suy,
H nguyn suy th kit ly bng au,
T h th t ng lo,
Gi cha ba thng chi sao c m...
Bi ca MCH I (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: i l c i thay,
ang i ngng li khng hay tr v.
S ngng gi ng nh y,
Ngng lu ri mch li i theo l.
Ch bnh: i th ch tng kh suy,
Bnh m mch i th nguy lm ri.
Th t T bi hoi ri,
Khng n, au bng ai ngi cu cho.
Mch i hai ng mt ngng,
Ba bn ngy cht tng nghim thay.
Mch bn ng mt ngng y,
Ch 6, 7 ngy l cht chng sai.
Suy ra theo th t ny,
Vi trong kinh ch thc nay khng lm.
46

Y n Mch I
(Trch trong 'Chn gia chnh nhn')
"Hong Qu Nham, tim thng b au, n t, mch p 2 ln th ngng, lt sau mi p tip.
C thy thuc h Tr ni: " Kh ca ng tng khng n (tc l mch i) s cht trong sm
ti". Ti ni: "Ngi xa ni rng au d di th thng thy mch I', v c thm rng :
"Ngi tr tui m thy mch i th cht, ln tui thy mch i th sng". Ngi bnh ny,
tui cao m vng ngc bng li au, do , tuy thy mch i nhng cng khng ng lo.
Qu nhin sau 2 tun iu tr th bnh khi. l, thy thuc m khng c rng, hiu nhiu
th kh m nm c l bin ha ca mch vy!".
Y n Mch i
(Trch trong 'C kim y n')
"ng Lc Phng B, gn 70 tui, nhn gp tit ma ng tri nng bc khc thng, cm
nhim kh tri ma, pht ho. Thy thuc lc u cho ung 'Khung t tn' ( Xuyn khung, T
dip, Ch xc, Ct cnh, Si h, Bn h, Trn b, Phc linh, Can ct, Chch tho ) lm cho m
hi ra khng ngng v ho lin tc khng ngh. n ung khng c, nm m man hn 1
tun. Ngi nh lo s, cho mi c Lc Tiu Ngu n khm bnh. C xem mch thy 6 mch
Ph, i v lc. Nhn dng php m mch nhy 50 ng, thy c 20 -30 ci nhy ng
thng ngng ngh ri li nhy li. C ni rng: Bnh ny nguyn v tui gi sinh mt nhc, t
l c vi t, nay ch nn nng ly chnh kh cho thm mnh sc, lt qua cn bnh,
sao li lm m cho thuc pht hn (lm cho ra m hi). D bnh m man, th gp, chng
ny cha c th khi c nhng ri khng ngoi 3 nm na ngi bnh cng cht. Lc ,
c cho ung bi 'B kh dng vinh thang' ( Bch trut, Thc a, Hc khng, Chch tho,
Hong k, Trn b, ng quy, Nhn sm, Xuyn khung ), thm To nhn tr sc, T b
dip, Tang bch b, T t v Thch hc ging kh, nh suyn. Ung c 2 thang th ht
m hi. Ung 2 thang th ht ho. Ung n 15 thang th khi. Nhng khng y 3 nm sau,
c c tin ngi bnh cht".
MCH ON
( - Short Pulse - Pouls Court)
A- i cng
- Chng 'Cu o mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: " Mch i di tay, thy khng n bn v (v tr
ca mch), gi l mch on'.
- Chng 'Cu o' (Mch quyt san ng) ghi: "Mch b xch, thn u tht li, gn b
quan thy mt na, nh con ra rt u, rt ui, l m dng khng n bn v, v vy
gi l mch on".

47

- Cao Dng Sinh trong sch 'Mch quyt' ni : "Mch on thuc m mch, mc ngn,
khng n c bn v, gi l on".
B- Hnh tng mch on
- Sch 'Mch quyt san ng' ghi : "Mch on, ging nh con ra nm phc, co u co ui".
- Sch 'Y bin' ghi : Mch on, ngn, khng n c v ca 3 b".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch ngn m Sp, nh, u ui nh khng c, gia
ni ln, khng y b v".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch on, u ui u ngn, khng cng
b v".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH ON
- Sch 'Mch chn'(M.Kinh) biu din hnh v mch on nh sau:

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch on

- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch on... do kh khng c iu ha,
h th thuc Ph, thc th thuc v V".
- Chng 'Cu o' (Mch quyt san ng) ghi: "Mch on... do m dng khng n bn
v".
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "V kh ng tc khng thng u c cc mch, hoc do
m kh, n khng tiu lm tr ngi ng vn hnh ca kh, v vy thy mch on. Cng
c khi do dng kh khng thng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch on l v kh b h khng sc
dn huyt. Hoc do huyt tr, kh ut hoc m tr kh ut, hoc m tr thc tch lm cho
kh o v mch kh khng thng cng thy mch on".
48

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc" ghi : "Mch on m c lc, ch kh thc, do kh b ut hoc

kh ca Tam tiu b , hoc do m, thc n ngn tr honh cch m gy ra mch on".
D- Mch on ch bnh
- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn) ghi: "Mch thn khu ng vo ngn tay l
on th u au".
- Chng 'Bin Dng minh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "M hi ra nhiu m
li pht hn, thy triu chng vong dng, ni xm, mch on th cht".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch b thn on l u au, b xch on th bng au".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi : "Mch on... thuc m trung phc dng, ch kh ca Tam
tiu b tc, n ung khng tiu".
- Sch 'Y bin' ghi : "Mch on ch kh b h".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: " Mch on thy chng bt tc, nguyn kh h suy '.
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch on, nu hu lc th ch v kh b
ut, nu v lc th ch v kh b tn thng".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch on ch hi th ngn, huyt h, Ph h, n
khng tiu, m hi ra nhiu, dng kh b vong".
Hu Thn ON

T Thn ON

Ph h, u au.
Hu Quan ON

Tm thn, bt tc.
T Quan ON

V qun y, tc, khng thng.

Hu Xch ON

Ph kh, tn thng.
T Xch ON

Chn dng suy yu.

Bng di au.

E - Mch on kim mch bnh

- Chng 'Tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Ph, on l Ph b tn thng, cc kh
u t, khng qu 1 nm th cht. Mch on m Sc th tim au, bun bc".
- Sch 'Mch hc tp yu' ghi: "Mch Xc, on m Sc l do c kh phm vo Tm, mch
o b qun bch m ra, l chng cht".
- Sch 'Mch quyt san ng' ghi : "Ph m on th doanh v khng hnh, Trm m on l
tng ph c b khi, tr".
49

- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:

Mch on

Phi mch
Sc
Hot, Sc
Ph
Trm

Ch bnh
Tim au, bun bc.
Do ung ru lm hi thn tr.
Huyt b sp tre, Ph b tn thng.
B kt.

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' ghi : " Mch on m Ph l Ph kh b h hoc huyt b sp,
on m Sp l Tm kh b h hoc Tm mch b tr, on m Trm l c b khi, on
m Tr l h hn".
G- Mch on qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Thin kim phng' ghi: "... Thy v qun kh chu, suyn th khng ngng hoc ra m
hi trng nhiu ln, hoc lc nng, lc lnh, mch Xc, on m Sc nn ma khng cm th
cht".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch on th ch thy 2 b xch v thn. on m Hot l
do ung ru lm hi thn. on m Ph l huyt b tr. on m Trm l c b khi. b
thn on th u au, b xch on th bng au".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Mch on ng vi thi lnh l ma thu, ng vi ngi
Ph. Ph ng vi ma thu, kim, thu lim kh ca tri t, tng mch ng theo, v vy thy
mch on. Sch 'Ni kinh' c ghi: "Mch on th kh b bnh" l v kh thuc dng m
sung mn Ph, v vy, nu ch thy mch on th l triu chng ca kh b suy yu.
Nu on m thy ha hon l kh vn cn thnh. Nu on m Trm Sc th kh mi b suy.
Cao Dng Sinh ni: "Mch on th ch c gia m khng c 2 u, l bt cp bn
v". Xt thy (cu ny) l khng ng v mch phi qun thng, nu trong 1 hi th m mch
kh khng lin tc th sinh c phi tuyt, c l no m dt on khng thng c sao? Nu
trn khng thng l dng b tuyt u l mch m nu thy th phi cht vy".
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "Sch 'Ni kinh' ghi: "Mch on th kh b bnh" l do V
kh b ng tc khng thng u c cc mch, hoc do m kh hoc thc n khng tiu
tch cha li lm tr ngi dng kh, v vy tng mch thy on, Sc, Kt, Xc, cng c
khi do dng kh khng m thy mch on. Mch thn khu ng vo ngn tay thy
on th u au vy. Trng Trng Cnh cng ni: "M hi ra nhiu m li pht hn lm
cho dng kh b vong, ni xm, mch on th cht, mch ha hon th sng". i ng
Ph ni: "Mch on ch tm thy 2 b xch, thn... b quan khng c l thy mch on
c. Nu chp vo 6 b mch th s mt i ngha ca mch on vy".
- Sch 'Mch hc tp yu' ghi: "Nu thy mch on Xc th ng s lm".
- Sch 'Y thut' ghi: "Mch on cng mt loi vi mch ng nhng suy yu hn. Mch
ng c hnh tng Hot m Sc, mch on c hnh tng Sc m Tr".
50

- Sch 'Mch quyt san ng' ghi: "Nu b quan m on, trn l thn, xung khng n
quan, di l xch, ln khng n quan l mch ca m dng b ly tuyt, s cht m
khng cha c, v vy, b quan khng dng mch on xem bnh".
- Sch 'Hong hn y hc' ghi: "Xt sch 'Thin kim phng' bn v bnh cc kh rng: thp
ngc au tht, th suyn khng ngng hoc m hi t ra, hoc lc nng lc lnh, thy mch
on, Xc m Sc, nn khng cm l bnh cht v mch on m Sc. Nghim rng khi
xem cho ngi bnh thy c mch on m Sc, Tt, l c kh xung (xng ) ln tim, n
ni mch o b qun bch, l bnh cht. Nh vy th mch on rt ng s, v vy chp
thm vo y".
Bi ca MCH ON (m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: on thng b ngn 2 u,
Tng loi: Sp, on, Tr, T d hu gian nan,
on ph, thu (ma) gp th nn,
Ba xun m thy t can (phm) chng lnh.
Ch bnh: on th xch thn thi,
on l Hot Sc ru ri thn thng,
Ph huyt (sp) Trm b phi tng,
Thn ch u nhc, xch thng bng au.
Bi Ca MCH ON (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Li xem mch on th no?
Mch kim sp tiu, khng u khng ui.
Ch thy khong gia thi,
Phi nn suy xt hn hoi mi tng.
Ch bnh: Mch on ch bnh ni qua,
Ch chng bt cp hoc l kh h.
T thn on thn m h,
Hu thn on thuc Ph h au u,
51

T quan thng Can kh sao ?

Hu quan cch mc khi au tc y.
T xch bng di au thay,
Hu xch on ry chn ha suy vi.
H- CC Y N MCH ON
Y n Mch B Thn Hai Tay u ON Nhc
(Trch trong 'Tn Vn Vin y n')
"Mt ph n b au nhc c c th. St m ra m hi nhiu, tinh thn m mui nh say ru,
nm khng dy c, mch b thn c 2 tay u on, Nhc, 2 tay u Sc m v lc.
y l do mt nhc qu sc gy ra. Cho ung Hong k 12g, Bch thc 16g, Cam tho 6g,
Qu b 3,2g, ng quy 4g, Thch hc 8g, ung 1 thang th ht au, bt nng, khng ra m
hi na, ch cn mt mi khng dy c. Dng phng thuc c, thm Nhn sm v Trn
b. Ung 2 thang th khi".

MCH HON
( - Moderate Pulse - Pouls Retarde )
A- i cng
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "V kh ha gi l Hon.
- m mch v dng mch iu ha gi l Hon".
- Sch 'Thin kim dc' ghi: "n tay thy mch vn y nguyn gi l Hon".
- Sch 'Y hc nhp mn' ghi: "Hon l ha hon "
52

B- Hnh tng mch Hon

- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Hon qua li cng chm, nhanh
hn Tr mt t".
-Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi : "Mch Hon, 1 hi th 4 ch, n si t di tay...".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi: "Hon l khng cp bch, qua li thong th".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Hon i khoan ha, u n, s mch p khng
thay i my".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Hon, 1 hi th 4 ch, i li khoan
thai".
HNH V BIU TH MCH HON
- Sch 'Mch chn' ghi hnh v mch Hon nh sau:

- Sch 'Tam ti hi' v sch ' ch Nan kinh mch quyt' ghi hnh v biu din mch
Hon:

- Sch 'Kt hp YHCT vi YHH trong lm sng' ghi: "Mch Hon thuc loi tn s trung
bnh t 60 - 80 ln / pht".

53

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Hon

- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Kh huyt u h v vy mch
n thong th [Hon]".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "T thuc th m ch thp, kh c b thp t
m khn n v vy thy mch Hon".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' gii thch : "Do kh c b thp t dnh li gy nn. T V h
yu, m T V l ngun ca kh huyt, kh huyt bt tc, khng vn hnh c, kt li gy
nn mch Hon"
D- Mch Hon ch bnh
- Chng 'Thng hn l' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch b xch v thn m u v Hon
th bnh Quyt m".
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi dng bnh,
mch b thn Hon, b quan Ph, b xch Thc, pht st, ra m hi s lnh, khng nn
ma, ch thy mch Vi, Hon, y tc, l do thy thuc s dng php h gy ra".
- Chng 'Bin Thi m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn, mch Ph
Hon, b phu mt cm gic l phong hn c nhc", "Mch b quan Hon, bing n l do V
kh khng iu ha, T kh khng . Mch b xch Hon th chn yu, tiu tin khng thng".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan mch chng tnh nghi' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu Hon, b
phu mt cm gic l phong hn c nhc". "Mch b quan Hon, bing n l do v kh khng
iu ha, T kh khng . Mch b xch Hon th chn yu, tiu tin khng thng".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Hon l h".
- Sch 'Gip t' ghi: "Mch Hon l nhit nhiu".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi: "Mch Hon l phong, l h, l t, l yu, l au, trn l gy
cng, di l chn yu. Mch b thn bn tri Hon l Tm kh khng , hi hp, hay
qun, gy v lng au cp. - Mch b quan (tri) Hon l phong h, chng mt, kh kt
bng sn. - Mch b xch (tri) Hon l Thn h hn, tiu kh, kinh nguyt ra nhiu. - Mch
b thn (phi) Hon l Ph kh ph ln, th ngn. - Mch b quan (phi) Hon l V kh h
yu. - Mch b xch (phi) Hon l chn lnh yu, phong b, kh tr".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Hon l phn vinh (huyt) b suy m phn v (kh) li
d, l phong hoc thp hoc T h, trn l gy cng au, di l chn t bi".
54

- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Hon ch bnh do thp t gy ra".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Hon ch bnh v thp".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Hon ch v phong thp, trng phong, au nhc,
hoa mt, chng mt, h nhc, ung nht, tiu kh".
T Thn HON

Hu Thn HON

Tm kh khng .
T Quan HON

Thng phong.
Hu Quan HON

Can h.
T Xch HON

T thp.
Hu Xch HON

m h.

Dng suy.

F- Mch Hon kim mch bnh

- Thin Bnh nhn kh tng lun (T vn) ghi: Mch Hon m Hot l chng nhit bn
trong.
- Chng Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr (Thng hn lun) ghi: Thng hn mch
Ph Hon, mch Vi Hon l bnh sp khi.
- Chng Trng phong lch tit bnh mch chng tnh tr (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: Mch
thn khu Tr m Hon, Tr l hn, Hon l h. Phn vinh thy mch Hon l ung huyt, v
thy mch Hon l trng phong .
- Chng Hong n bnh mch chng tnh tr (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: Mch thn khu
Ph m Hon, ph l phong, Hon l chng t.
- Sch Mch ng ghi: Mch Ph m Hon l v kh b tn thng, Trm m Hon l vinh
kh suy yu.
- Sch Chn gia chnh nhn ghi: Mch Ph Hon l thng phong, Trm Hon l hn thp.
Hon i l phong h. Hon T l thp t. Hon Nhc l kh h .
- Sch Chn gia khu yu ghi: Mch Ph Hon hoc Trm Hon l kh huyt suy yu.
- Sch Mch hc ging ngha ghi:

Mch Hon

Phi mch
Ph
Trm
Hot
Sp
Trm, T v lc

Ch tr
Thng phong phn biu.
Thp t.
Nng trong.
Huyt h.
Dng h.

G- Mch Hon v iu tr

55

- Chng 'Bin Thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn mch
Ph Hon, c th khng au m ch nng n, c khi nh bt, khng c chng ca Thiu m,
dng bi 'i thanh long thang' ( Ma hong, Hnh nhn, Thch cao, Cam tho, Qu chi)
pht hn".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch b thn Hon l c gy
cng, cho ung bi 'Tr thp thang' ( Phc linh, Can ct, Bch trut, Chch tho). - Mch b
quan (tri) Hon: Can h thp thnh. B quan (phi) Hon: T thp qu nhiu. Nn cho ung
bi 'Nht kh thang' hoc bi 'Kin trung thang' ( Hong k, Nhn sm, Qu, Bch thc,
ng quy). Kh kt trong bng khng dui ra c, cho ung bi 'n bch thang' ( T uyn,
Ng th du, Xng b, Si h, Hu phc, Ct cnh, To gic, u, Phc linh, Qu tm,
Hong lin, Thc tiu, Ba u, Sinh khng ). Mch t xch Hon l hn, trng h, nm m
thy ma qu, cho ung bi 'Ng linh tn' (Tr linh, Trch t, Bch trut, Phc linh, Qu chi)
thm Thng trut.
H- Mch Hon qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Mch ng' ghi: "Cc b mch thy Hon l khng v mch kh khng bt ln vy".
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi: Mch Hon c m dng c 3 ngha:
Mt l mch kh thong dong, ha hon, l mch kh ca ngi bnh thng.
Hai l Hot m i l thc nhit nh sch Ni kinh ghi: "Mch Hon m Hot l nng
trong".
Ba l Hon m Tr T l h hn.
Nu thc nhit th phi l Hon m kim i c lc, l phin nhit, ming hi, bng y, ung
nht, i tiu tin khng thng hoc thng hn, n ngc mi khi m d nhit cha ht
th thng thy mch ny. Nu h hn th phi Hon m kim Tr, T, l dng h, s lnh,
au nhc, chng mt, hi hp, hay qun, n ung khng tiu, tiu chy, tiu sng phn, thn
tinh hn, tiu nhiu, n b th kinh nguyt b b, thiu, mt mu. Phm cc chng sang c,
trng phong, sn hu m gp mch Hon u l sp khi".
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn gia khu yu) ghi: "Thi dng bnh pht st,
u au, m hi t ra, mch Ph Hon l do phong t lm hi phn v biu. Mch Hon l
gc ca T, tt phi ha hon, c thn, l triu chng T kh sung mn. Nu Hon nhiu m
Nhc l T kh khng . Hon m hot li l V kh xung ha. Ngi xa cho mch Hon
l thng phong. - Trm Hon l hn thp. - Hon i l phong h. - Hon Trm l c thp
trong m".
- Sch 'Mch ng'' ghi: "Mch Hon ch bnh, c Hon ca Tr, Nhc. Hon Tr l thng
thp. - Hon Nhc l kh h. - Hon kim Sc l huyt h. - Ph Hon l phong thng
kinh lc. - Trm Hon l thp thng tng phu. - Hng Hon l thp nhit. - T Hon l hn
thp. Cn c m h thy mch Ph Hng v lc m Hon, dng h th Trm T v lc m
Hon. Nu thy mch Huyn b v ca th (hu quan), mch Hon b v ca thy (t
56

xch) l trng thi mch khc. Khi gp mch ny cng phi xem xt V kh t hoc nhiu bt
nhy cao hoc thp, qua li chm hoc mau th mi nm c bnh tnh".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Hot B Nhn hnh dung mch kh th th, ha hon l
rt ng, cn Vng Thc Ha cho rng: "Mch Hon qua li cng chm" th cha n".
Bi ca Mch HON (m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Mch hon bn ch khoan ha,
Nh cnh dng liu la gi xun.
Bit mch c lc c thn,
Thung dung ha hon y phn khoe vui.
Tng loi: Mch i 3 ch l Tr,
Mch Hon th Tr cn c cht nhanh.
Ch bnh: Hon mch v thnh dinh suy,
Hoc phong, hoc thp, hoc l T h.
Chn bi lit, c cng ,
Cng theo i, tiu, trm, ph m chia.
Thn Hon lng gy c phong,
Quan Hon chong vng li cng V h.
Xch Hon khp khnh chn co,
Hoc l phong b hoc nhu tit ry.
Bi ca Mch HON (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch Hon ng tay khoan ha,
Mt tc bn ch tht l u thay.
Suy xem th tng mch ny,
Nh cnh dng liu gi lay nh nhng.
Ch bnh: Hon khng ch ring bnh chi,
57

Mun on chng th kim mch mi xong.

Kim mch: Mch ph Hon y thng phong,
Trm Hon hn thp, ta khng cn ng.
Mch Hon i y phong h,
Mch m Hon t thp t r rng.
Hon sp T h phi chng?
Mch m Hon nhc on rng kh h.
T thn ph Hon phong t,
Hu thn sp Hon y l T (huyt) h,
T quan ph Hon can phong,
Hu quan trm Hon thp xng hi T.
T xch Hon sp tinh khuy,
Hu xch Hon t dng suy lm ri.
I- CC Y N MCH HON
Y n Mch HON i V Lc
(Trch trong 'Lc Th tam th y nhim')
"Lc Thin Ngu cha mt ngi gi tn l Ng Nan Khu, ng ny vo khong thng 8,
sau khi no say li nhp phng, qua ngy hm sau pht i l, 1 ngy i tiu c trm ln, trng
ln ln, trong bng au ngm, tay chn lnh. Xem mch th thy Hon, i v lc, 2 b
xch cng Nhc. Ti ni, chng ny phi nn b v cho toa c v Nhn sm, Nhc qu. Cc
con ca ngi bnh thy u s hi ni rng khng c tch tr th khng thnh chng l, nay
mi c 1-2 ngy m dng thuc b sao? Bt c d ti mi cho ung bi 'iu kh dng
vinh thang' nhng bnh tnh cng chng tng hoc gim. Hm sau ti xem li, ni rng phi
nn dng b gp. Trong nh li tranh ci v khng chu dng, bnh tnh cng khng thuyn
gim. Nhn dp ti c ngi mi, nn ngi nh ngi bnh i mi thy thuc khc. Thy
ny cho ung cc v nh Hong cm, Hong lin, Tn lang, Mc hng... th bng au d
nh ct, chn lnh nh bng, ra m hi lnh, thiu hi khng th, thc n n vo th i
tin ra ht... n na m cho ngi nh n mi ti. n xem thy ngi bnh khng t
xoay tr c, i tin nh chy mu, bnh tnh rt nguy him, nhng cn may l mch v
thn kh cha tuyt. Lin cho ung 'Nhn sm ph t l trung thang' ( Bch trut, Chch tho,
Nhn sm, Can khng, Ph t) thm Nhc qu. Ung 1 thang th bng bt au, thm my
58

thang th chn m, i tin ngng; Li dng n 2 cn (1.280g) Nhn sm th mi khi, ru

v tc u rng".
Y n 6 Mch u HON
(Trch trong 'Lc Th tam th y nhim').
"Lc Thin Ngu cha mt ngi bnh tn l Ng Tn Trai, ngi mp m thng hay ung
ru,v qun thng au nay li thy au cc khp, na ngi pha di nng hn. C thy
thuc cho l phong, cho dng bi 'S quc cng tu', th lc au lc bt. Li thy lu ngy
khng bt, cho l do tinh huyt khng m ra, li cho dng H trng, H xa... th ch au
li sng ln. Lc mi mi ti xem bnh. Xem mch th thy 6 b u Hon m b quan li
hi Huyn. Ti lin ni rng: Xem mch th thy y l do m thp, khng thy phong cng
chng thy h. Thuc cha phong tuy khng tr thp nhng li hnh kh, v vy c lc bt.
Nu cho l h chng ri t b tc l lm cho ng tr thm, nh vy khng nng thm sao
c? Cch cha, trc ht l dng thuc hon thanh m tch trung cung, sau
dng thuc thang s hon kinh lc b ng tr th khng nhng cc khp ht au m chng
au v qun cng ht. V thuc hon, dng H thin khc, Sn tra nhc, Qut hng, Bch
trut, Phc linh, Ch thc, Thn khc, Trc lch. Dng h lm hon.
Thuc thang dng : Thng trut, d nhn, Bn h, Nam tinh, Bch gii t, Uy linh tin,
Chch tho, Thanh Mc hng, Tn giao. Sc thuc xong ri cho vo 1 chung ru, ung lc
bng hi no. Sau 1 thi gian iu phc th khi bnh".
MCH HOT
( - Slippery Pulse - Pouls Glissant)
A- i cng
- Hot l trn tru, sc mch i trn tru nh chui ht chu (vin ngc) ln (ng) di ngn
tay.
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Ngi thng mch Hot m xung ha l
du hiu vinh v y . Ph n khng bnh m thy mch Hot th nn xt xem c thai hay
khng".
B- Hnh tng mch Hot
- Thin 'i k lun' (T vn 48) ghi: "Mch kh n trn nh hon thuc, trn khng dnh
tay".
- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Hot qua li ti lui lu li,
lin tip nhau, ging nh mch Sc".
- Sch 'Hi Kh mch hc' ghi: "Mch Hot qua li lu li, nh ht chu ln trong mm, nh
ma mc ng trn l sen".
59

-Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi : " Mch Hot qua li lu li, hnh dng nh ht chu, nh
sng ng trn l sen".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Hot i qua li lu li, trn trn".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH HOT
- Sch 'Tam ti hi' v sch ' ch Nan kinh mch quyt' m t mch Hot nh sau:

- Sch 'Mch chn' ghi li hnh v biu din mch Hot nh sau:

- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' m t mch Hot nh sau:

- Sch 'KHYHCT v YHH trong lm sng' m t hnh v biu din ca mch Hot nh sau:

60

"Sng u tin ca mch Hot hin ln trn trnh v c

bc sng rng hn sng u tin ca ngi mch bnh thng. iu ny hp vi s m t
ca sch mch xa l mch Hot khi bt c, thy c cm gic nh ht chu (ngc) ln
trn mm". - Tn s mch Hot tng ng trong 1 pht dao ng 54 ln / pht n 100 ln
/ pht v a s khong 81 - 100 ln /pht".
C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Hot
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Kh thc, huyt vt ln lm cho mch i li
lu li, ng vo tay thy trn trn, hoc m thc kt tr bn trong, t kh thnh, thc, cng
gy ra mch Hot".
- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' ghi: "Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Hot c th do:
Lng mu tim tng ra bnh thng hoc tng cao.
Thnh mch co dn bnh thng.
Tng vn tc tun hon.
Dng mu chy thng sut.
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' ghi : "Do t kh ng thnh bn trong, chnh kh bt tc, kh
thc, huyt dng, khin cho mch i lu li, ng di tay thy Hot, trn".
D- Mch Hot ch bnh
- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Nu b xch khng nhit m li Hot l
bnh v phong".
- Thin 'T thi thch nghch tng lun' (T vn 64) ghi: "Quyt m... mch Hot l mc bnh
phong h sn". - "Thi m... mch Hot l b chng T phong sn". - "Thi dng... mch
Hot l b chng Thn phong sn". - "Thiu dng... mch Hot l b chng Can phong sn".
- Thin 'T kh tng ph bnh hnh' (Linh khu 4) ghi: "Mch Tm... Hot thm th kht nc,
hi Hot l chng Tm sn ko xung n rn, bng di si". - "Mch Ph... Hot thm th
ht hi, kh nghch ln, hi Hot l trn di u ra mu". - "Mch Can... Hot thm l chng
61

i sn, hi Hot l chng i dm". - "Mch T... Hot l chng i sn, b tiu, dch hon
vim, lot, hi Hot l chng ct nuy ( xng mm yu), ngi khng dy c, dy th ti
mt khng nhn thy g".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn mch
Hot m tay chn quyt lnh l phn l c nhit".
- Thin 'Bnh hnh mch chn' (Gip t) ghi: "Mch Hot l dng kh thnh, hi c nhit".
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi: "Mch Hot l m nghch, l thc tr, nn
ma, y tc".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "B thn Hot ch v i ma,
m m. B quan Hot ch v V b nhit khng n ung c, n vo th i. B xch Hot
ch v tiu , tiu t, dng vt au but".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi:
Nu huyt thnh th mch Hot l khng c bnh.
n b c thai th mch Hat cng l khng bnh.
Chng m v n khng tiu th cng mch Hot.
Khi t kh nng th mch cng Hot.
C bnh m thy mch Hot th u thun li.
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Hot ch bnh m, thc nhit".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Hot ch i nghch, ho khc, phc m, thy m,
sc huyt, trung mn, n khng tiu, kit l, sn kh. - Ph n b xch Hot l kh ng tr gy
ra kinh nguyt khng thng. Hot m lu li l c thai".
T Thn HOT

Hu Thn HOT

Tm nhit, kinh s, mt
ng.
T Quan HOT

m m, nn ma.

Can nhit, u vng.

T Xch HOT

T nhit, n khng tiu.

Hu Xch HOT

Lu, tiu , tiu kh.

Bng si, tiu chy hoc tng

ha bc ln.

Hu Quan HOT

D- Mch Hot kim mch bnh

62

- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 16) ghi: "Mch Hot Ph m Tt l mi bnh".
"Mch Hon m Hot l chng nhit trung (b)". - "B xch Sp m mch li Hot l chng
ra m hi".
- Thin 'Thng bnh h thc lun' (T vn 28) ghi: "Hong hi: Chng trng tch ra ln
m, mu th nh th no? - K B tha: mch Tuyt th cht, mch Hot i th sng. Hong hi: chng trng tch m c th khng nng, mch khng Tuyt th sao? - K B
tha: mch kh bt ln, i m Hot th lu ngy s t khi, nu mch Tiu Cp v cng th
s cht, khng cha c".
- Thin 'i k lun' (T vn 48) ghi: "Mch kh ca Tm bt ln, Hot m Cp l chng Tm
sn".
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Chng tiu kt hung
ngay di tim, vo th au, mch Ph Hot, l biu c nhit, l c hn". - Thi dng
bnh li dng php h... thy mch Trm Hot l chng nhit l, thy Ph Hot s tiu ra
mu".
- Chng 'Tng ph kinh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch b thn Trm,
i m Hot, Trm l Thc, Hot l kh thc, kh tng bc, huyt kh vo tng th cht, vo
ph th s khi, l chng 'tht quyt' ".
- Chng 'Trng phong mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch phu dng Ph
m Hot; Hot l cc kh thc, Ph th t nhin ra m hi".
- Chng 'Ph nuy mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: ".. trong ming kh ro, ho th
au ngc, mch li Hot Sc, l chng Ph ung, khc ra m mu".
- Chng 'Phc mn mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Sc m Hot l
thc, c thc n tch li khng tiu".
- Chng 'm m mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Ph m T Hot l
chng thng m".
- Chng 'Thy kh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch thn khu Trm
Hot, trong c thy kh, mt mt sng ph, c nhit, gi l chng phong thy".
- Chng 'Tr tt... mch php' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Hot m hi Ph l bnh Ph".
- Chng 'Bin tam b cu hu mch chng' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu Hot m
Tr, khng Trm, khng Ph, khng Trng khng on l khng c bnh, bn tri v bn
phi ging nhau. Mch b quan Hot m li i, Tiu khng u l bnh ang tin, khng
qu 1-2 ngy th pht. Ngi bnh mun ung nhiu, ung vo th i t ngay, nu ngng th
sng. khng ngng th cht. Mch b xch Hot m Tt l huyt h".

63

- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Tr m Hot l y trng. Hot m Sc l
m kt nhit. Hot Tt l c nhit V. Hon m Hot l nhit trung (b). Trm m Hot l
mt rn, lng au".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi : " Mch Ph Hot l phong m, Trm Hot l m t do thc
n, Hot Sc l m ha, Hot on l khng mun n".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:

Mch
hot

Phi mch
Ph
Trm
Sc
Tr

Ch tr
Biu nhit hoc phong m.
L nhit hoc m m.
V b nhit, n khng tiu.
Tiu chy.

E- Mch Hot v tr liu

- Chng 'Bin Thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Chng tiu kt hung
ngay di tim, vo th au, mch Ph Hot, l phn biu c nhit, l c hn. Cho
ung bi 'Bch h thang' (Thch cao, Tri mu, Ngnh m)".
- Chng 'Bin Dng minh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Dng minh bnh,
ni xm, triu nhit, mch Hot m Tt, cho ung bi 'Tiu tha kh thang' (i hong, Hu
phc, Ch thc). Dng minh v Thiu dng hp bnh t b kit l, nu mch khng tri
nghch l thun, thy mch Hot Sc l n khng tiu, nn h bng bi 'i tha kh thang'
(i hong, Hu phc, Ch thc, Mang tiu)".
- Chng 'Bin Quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn, mch
Hot m tay chn quyt lnh l l c nhit, cho ung bi Bch h thang (Thch cao, Tri mu,
Ngnh m)".
- Chng 'Phc mn mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Sc m Hot l
thc, c thc n tch li khng tiu, dng php h th khi. Cho ung bi 'i tha kh thang'
( i hong, Hu phc, Mang tiu, Ch thc)".
- Chng 'u th mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Kit l m mch Tr Hot l
thc, nu i l cha ngng th phi h ngay bng bi i tha kh thang. - Kit l m mch
li Hot dng php h th khi, cho ung bi i tha kh thang".
- Chng 'Ph nhn tp bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc ) ghi: "Mch Thiu m
(b xch) Hot m Sc, m h l lot, dng Lang nha thang m ra".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch b thn Hot l kh ng tr
gy ra nn ma, cho ung bi Sinh khng bn h thang ( Bn h, Sinh khng trp). Mch
b quan Hat l trung tiu h, n ung khng tiu, ma xun v h cho ung bi Bnh v
tn (Thng trut, Trn b, Hu phc, Cam tho). Ma thu v ng cho ung bi L trung
64

thang (Bch trut, Nhn sm, Can khng, Cam tho). Nu c chng biu, cho ung bi
Tiu si h thang ( Si h, Bn h, Nhn sm, Hong cm, Cam tho, Sinh khng, i to)
thm Quan qu". - "Mch b xch Hot l hn kt bng quang, di rn c nc ng si
ng c, cho ung bi Ph t t nghch thang ( Si h, Bch thc, Ch thc, Chch tho, Ph
t).
- Mc 'Hiu chnh Tn H mch hc' ( ch Nan kinh mch quyt) ghi: "Mch b thn Hot
dng bi Bn h thang (Bn h, Phc linh). Mch b quan Hot dng bi Tiu si h thang
gia gim ( Si h, Xch thc, Hong cm, Nhn sm, Cam tho, Qu chi). Mch b xch
Hot dng bi Ph t t nghch thang ( Bch trut, Bo khng, Ph t, Cam tho, Qu)".
G- Cc li bn v mch Hot
- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "Cc bnh h tn thng hay thy mch Huyn Hot, l
do T, Thn tn thng, khng th bn l ha c".
- Sch 'Mch hc tp yu' ghi: "Sch Thng hn lun cho rng mch Hot l loi mch thc
nhit, nh: "Mch li Hot, dng php h th khi". - "Mch Hot Tt th cho dng bi Tiu
tha kh thang". - "Mch Ph m Hot l nhit biu, hn l". - "Mch Hot m chn tay
quyt lnh l l c nhit"... Cc cu trn y u l cc triu chng ca dng thnh, nhit
thc. Cc chng h m li thy mch Hot l triu chng nguyn kh tit ra ngoi, ngi hc
khng th khng xt k".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Hot tri chy nh mun thot, bn trong thy Ph
nh c lc v mch kh tri chy qua li hi nhanh, v vy mi ni l hi ging mch Sc. Ni
tri chy nh mun thot, trong Ph nh c lc l ni trng thi hot li ca mch ch khng
phi ni l mch kh khng c cn, v vy, khng th lm ln c".
Bi Ca Mch HOT (m trong Dng) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng : Mch Hot nh ht chu ln,
Li qua lu li trc sau u u.
Tng loi : Sc vi Hot khc nhau nhiu,
Sc theo 6 ch, Hot u nh chu.
Ch bnh : Hot l dng, nguyn kh suy,
Do m hoc thc l bnh sinh.
Th nghch sc huyt ng kinh,
Ph n mch Hot rnh rnh c thai.
Thn Hot nn bi cch m,
65

Sinh ho, cng li, thn toan chng k.

Quan tc thc nng Can T,
Xch Hot kht li cng th i lm.
Bi ca Mch HOT (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Hot th trn c phi khng?
Di tay tng mch lu thng d dng.
Nh ht chu ln trn mm,
Mc (ht) ln trn l sen cng r hn.
Ch bnh: Hot l dng ch m din,
Thn Hot nn xc, ho hen, ngc y.
Quan Hot v nhit hn y,
Chng kia kh ng, chng ny thc thng,
Xch lm tch, l cho tng,
Trai th niu huyt, gi thng ut kinh.
Kim mch: Mch ph Hot ch phong m,
Trm Hot m thc chng rm my may.
Hot sc m ha bnh ny,
Hot on kh tc bit ry lm sao ?
Hot m ph i th no?
Mi khi i i li au m hnh.
Hot m ph tn rnh rnh,
Trng phong than hon bnh tnh hin ra.
Cn nh Hot m xung ha,
Xem mch n b quyt on c thai.
66

H- Cc Y n Mch Hot
Y n 6 Mch u Huyn HOT M Sc
(Trch trong 'C kim y n' )
"Hng Nhan Chng cha 1 thiu n b au bng, bng trng nh ci trng, tay chn ni
xng, 6 b mch u Huyn Hot m Sc. ng ni: "Mch Huyn l kh kt, Hot l huyt
t, y l do kh suy yu (bc) huyt b mt (tht), l thc t vy". Cha ca c ta ni: c
ung nhiu v cha huyt nh Xuyn khung, Bi mu... Hng Nhan Chng cho rng kh
khng vn hnh th huyt khng thng, v vy mun cha huyt trc ht phi lm cho thun
kh. Cho ung bi 'T hp hng hon' ( T gic, Trm hng, Hng ph, Mc hng, Nh
hng, Bch trut, X hng, Bng phin, An tc hng ). Ung 3 ngy th thy au tht
lng, l huyt sn ra. Dng Mang tiu, i hong trc huyt ra th khi".
Y n Mch HOT M C Lc
(Trch trong 'Y tn tt c' ca L S Ti)
"Trng Cng Am, vo ma thu b kit l, dng cc v nh Hng, Lin, Ch, Phc 2
thng m bnh khng gim. Ti xem mch thy Hot m c lc. l do dng 'H php'
khng ng m ra. Cho ung Hoc hng, Lin kiu, ng quy, Bch thc, Trn b, Ch
xc thm i hong, x ra nhiu d. Xem li mch thy cn c lc, vn dng phng
trn, ung xong i tiu ra cc thc tch, tch tr nh rut c, khong vi chn (bt). iu
dng hn 10 ngy th khi".

MCH HNG
( - Flooding Pulse - Pouls Ample, Grand)
A- i cng
- Trong sch 'Ni kinh' ch ni n mch Cu, mch Thnh khng c mch Hng. Sch
'Thng hn lun' v 'Mch kinh' gi l mch Hng.

67

- Thin 'Tuyn minh ng kh lun' (T vn 23) ghi: "Tm mch Cu, ng vi thi lnh l ma
h, tng l Tm, thuc ha, phng nam, mun vt nh m thnh trng. V th mch
kh lc n th thnh, lc i th suy, do gi l Cu".
B- Hnh tng mch Hng
- Thin 'Mch hnh tng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Hng cc i di ngn
tay". "Mch Hng l dng trong dng v vy mch kh lc n th thnh, lc i th suy ".
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi : "Mch Hng to m thc, nhc tay ln hoc
n xung u c lc".
-Sch 'Mch quyt san ng' ghi : "Mch Hng, thy rt to di ngn tay, n thy ln, di
m y".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Hng, mch ti cun cun y dy di ngn tay,
khi n mch ln, lc i mch km dn".
- Sch'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Hng, mch n cun cun nh sng
v, n thnh, i suy".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH HNG
- Sch 'Tam ti hi' v sch ' ch Nan kinh mch quyt' v hnh mch Hng:

- Sch 'Mch chn' biu din hnh v mch Hng:

- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' m t hnh v mch Hng nh sau :
68

- Sch 'KH YHCT v YHH trong lm sng' ghi li hnh v biu din mch Hng nh sau:
"Sng u tin ca mch Hng c bit dng ln rt cao, i ln nh thng dc v xung
rt nhanh. iu ny ph hp vi s m t ca sch mch xa l khi bt c mch Hng c
cm gic lc n th mnh, lc i th yu. Sng di v sau ca mch Hng cng nh cao hn
cc sng di v sau ca nhng mch khc nhng nh sng di ca mch Hng bao gi
cng nm pha na di ca thn mch . Tn s ca mch Hng trong 1 pht dao ng
mc 79-136 ln / pht".
C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Hng
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Nhit trn y bn trong, ng mch to
ra v y tro ln, gy ra mch Hng". "Nhit lm thng tn phn m, m kh h bn
trong m dng kh ph vit ra bn ngoi cng gy ra mch Hng".
- Sch 'Trung y bin chng lun tr ging ngha' ghi: Pht sinh ra mch Hng c th do:
Lng mu tim tng (y) ra tng ln.
Mch mu ngoi bin b dn.
Huyt p tm thu cao.
Huyt p tm trng thp.
Mch p ln.
Tc mu chy nhanh.
D- Mch Hng ch bnh
69

- Thin 'Ngc c chn tng lun' (T vn 19) ghi: "Mch Thnh da nng, bng trng, i tiu
tin khng thng l ng thc".
- Thin 'Bnh nhit bnh lun' (T vn 33) ghi: "M hi ra m mch cn to Thnh th cht".
- Thin 'Bnh nng lun' (T vn 16) ghi: "Hong hi: Ngi mc bnh v qun ung chn
on th no mi bit c? K B tha: Mun chn on bnh , phi st mch v, s
thy mch Trm T. Trm T l do kh nghch, kh nghch th mch nhn nghinh tt phi
Thnh, rt Thnh nn nhit, nhn nghinh l mch ca v. Nu nghch m Thnh l do nhit t
v khu, khng dn i c, v vy gy ra chng ung v qun".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Hng ch v nhit... l
c vinh ln v u rt nng, kh huyt b nung t, nng c phn biu v l". "B thn Hng
ch v thng tiu, trong lng ngc c nhit. B quan Hng ch v nhit V, i ma, phin
v. B xch Hng ch v nhit na ngi, i tin kh, tiu ra mu".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Hng gp chng t kh thnh, ha qu mnh.
Nhng nu mch Hng m v lc l h Hng, l hin chng ca ha bc ln m thy b
cn".
- Chng 'Nh thp t mch ch bnh' (Tam nhn phng) ghi : "Mch Hng ch y, au,
nhit, phin".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi : "Mch Hng ch phn doanh v lc c nhit nhiu, hng kh,
i tiu tin khng thng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Hng ch nhit thnh".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: " Mch Hng ch bnh phin to, trng nhit, phin kht,
i ra mu, y trng, ra m hi, th nhit".
T Thn HNG

Hu Thn HNG

Tm phin, li l lot.
T Quan HNG

Ngc y, kh nghch.
Hu Quan HNG

Can Mc qu vng.
T Xch HNG

V nhit, y tc.
Hu Xch HNG

Thy kh kit, tiu gt.

Long ha thiu t.

E- Mch Hng kim mch bnh

- Mc 'Sang ung mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Trng ung, thy mch Hng
Sc l thnh m".

70

- Chng 'Mch ph quyt mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Trong bng au th
mch phi nn Trm, nu li thy Huyn m Hng Sc l c giun a".
- Chng 'Tr tt... mch php' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch i, Hng, Khn, Sc l bnh tin
trin nhanh, bn ngoi l u au, pht st, ung thng".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi; "Mch Ph, Hng, i, Trng l phong
huyn, in tt". "Mch Hng, i l thng hn nhit bnh". "Dng t xm nhp th mch
Ph, Hng".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
Mch Hng i l nhit thnh.
Hng Ph l biu nhit hoc h nhit.
Hng Trm l l nhit hoc nhit b hn bao bc.
Hng Khn l ngc y tc, i tin kh m ra mu.
F- Mch Hng v u tr
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Ung 'Qu chi
thang', thy m hi nhiu, mch i Hng th li cho ung tip Qu chi thang". "Ung Qu chi
thang thy sau khi ra m hi nhiu m khng ht phin kht, mch Hng i th cho ung
bi 'Bch h gia nhn sm thang' ( Thch cao, Tri mu, Ngnh m, Nhn sm)".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch b thn Hng l nhit
Ph, trong ngc nng ran, nn ung bi 'i si h thang' ( Si h, Bn h, Hong cm,
Thc dc, Sinh khng, i to). Mch t quan Hng l phong nhit ln vo V, n vo l
i ra, cho ung bi 'iu trung thang' (Bch thc, Bch trut, Phc linh, Mch mn, Sinh a,
Trn b, Ct cnh, mai, Cam tho ). Mch b xch Hng l tiu kh, tiu gt, chn au
nhc, cho ung bi 'Trch t tn ( Trch t, Mu n b, Qu tm, Chch tho, Du bch b,
Bch trut, Xch phc linh, Mc thng )".
- Mc 'Hiu chnh Tn H mch hc' ( ch Nan kinh mch quyt) ghi:
. "Mch Hng, cch chung, dng bi 'i tha kh thang' (i hong, Hu phc, Ch thc,
Mang tiu)".
. Mch b thn Hng dng bi 'Lin kiu thang ( Lin kiu, Si h, ng quy, Sinh a, Xch
thc, Hong cm, i hong ).
. Mch b quan Hng dng bi 'iu trung thang' ( i hong, Hong cm, Thc dc, Ct
cnh, Phc linh, Co bn, Cam tho, Bch trut, L cn ).

71

. Mch b xch Hng dng bi 'Trch t tn' ( Trch t, Xch phc linh, Sn Chi t, Tang bch
b)".
G- Mch Hng qua cc li bn
- Chng 'H hc' sch' Mch ng' ghi: "Hng ngha l nc lt, mch kh n to ri li bt
ln. Nu mch kh khng bt ln th hnh tng mch tuy to cng khng gi l Hng.
Ging nh sng ln m khng c sng to trn ln th khng gi l nc lt c".
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi: "Mch Hng l i m thc, n tay nh
hoc mnh u c tha. Mch Hng l dng, cng loi l cc mch Ph, Khn, Thc, i,
l huyt kh b thiu t, l triu chng i nhit. Ph Hng l biu nhit, Trm Hng l l
nhit, l y trng, phin kht, cung to, ban chn, u au, mt nng, hng kh, hng
au, ming l, ung nht, tiu khng thng, ng huyt. l cc triu chng dng h, m
h, kh thc, huyt h. Nu mch Hng i ht mc, thm ch gp 4 ln tr ln, l m
dng ly tuyt, l mch ca chng quan cch, khng th cha c".
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "Mch Hng l i m Sc,
mch kh n tip ni nh chui ht chu, n tay thy hi hon, khng ging nh loi mch
Thc l n tay nh hoc mnh u thy bt ln. Mch Hng l triu chng ca ha kh nung
t. Trng Trng Cnh c ni: Sau khi ung bi 'Qu chi thang', m hi ra nhiu m
phin kht vn khng gii, mch Hng... l bnh n... dng php h nhiu ln m nhit
khng gii, mch vn Hng khng gim, gi l chng 'hoi', kh cha. Hng l mch biu
hin ca dng kh trn y, m kh sp tuyt. Mch Ph m Hng c th ra m hi nh du
l Ph tuyt. Tp bnh thy mch Hng u l triu chng ca ha kh vng. Nu sau khi
bnh h nhc, h lao, mt mu, tiu chy, chn kh thot m thy mch Hng thnh l
nghch, kh tr".
- Sch 'Y cp' ghi: "Mch Hng l tng ca ha, l tng vng kh ca ma h, mch hnh
thnh m i. Nu cho rng Ph i c lc l Hng th Trm thnh i chng phi l Hng
sao? V vy tng mch thy thnh i u phi ly mch Hng m lun vy".
Bi ca Mch HNG (Dng) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Mch Hng li thnh i suy,
Di tay lai lng, ng khi ma h.
Xun, thu, ng thy Hng th,
Thng dng tn ho cn nghi ngi g.
Tng loi: Mch Hng khi li cha chan,
i suy li thnh nh ln sng ln.
Thc cng ta Hng ch qun,
72

Xem thy Trng Huyn m rn ri hn.

Ch bnh: Mch Hng dng thnh huyt h,
Tng ha bc mnh c d nhit t.
Tit l cn th dn d,
Trng y, phin v liu m cha ngay.
Thn Hng ha Thng tiu vim,
L Tm ha khc Ph kim chng va.
Quan Hng Can ha vi h,
Xch Hng m ha Thn h r rng.
Bi ca Mch HNG (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch Hng xem cc ln thay,
Mng mnh nc ln so nay khc g.
Khi li thnh, khi i suy,
Di tay gn gn y th chng sai.
Ch bnh: Mch Hng ch bnh phi hay,
Ch bnh thnh dy, kh ng ha cng.
T thn li l tm phin.
Hu thn Hng kh nghch ln, ngc y.
T quan Can mc thnh thay,
Hu quan T th trng y nng ran.
T xch thy kh tin nan,
Hu xch long ha chy trn bc ln.
H- Y n Mch Hng
Y n Mch HNG - Sc
73

(Trch trong 'Danh y loi n')

"Chu an Kh cha cho mt ngi gi vn ngho kh b chng au u, s lnh, pht
st, xng khp au, khng ra m hi, thnh thong ni xm. Ngi bnh t ung bi
'Sm t m' pht hn nhng m hi ra nhiu m st vn khng gim. n ngy th 4,
Chu an Kh xem mch th thy Hng Sc, bn tri r hn. l do i, v vy V h, li
thm kh nhc, tuy Dng minh b hn kh xm phm nhng khng c dng php cng
kch m phi dng php i b, ch n khi v kh sung mn th s t ra m hi m khi. Cho
ung Nhn sm, ng quy, Bch trut, Trn b, Chch tho, mi thang li ung thm 1
ltPh t. Trong ngy ung lun 5 thang. n ngy th 5 th ming hi kh, li ni c th
t, cc chng tuy bt nhng nng vn cha gim, lin b Ph t, thm Thc dc. Qua 3
ngy na, m hi t ra, ht st, mch tuy khng tn na nhng vn cn Hng Sc... Qua
my ngy na th thy tiu tin khng thng, bng di y tc kh chu, nm nga th nc
tiu r ra. Chu an Kh ni: " l do thuc b cha sc". Dng phng thuc c, tng
gp bi Nhn sm, Hong k, c 2 ngy th tiu tin thng. Li dng thuc b thm na
thng th khi hn".
Y n Mch Ph HNG
(Trch trong 'C kim y n').
"Ung Thch Sn cha mt ngi tui gn 60, ngi mp m trng, m suyn ku nh
ko ca, m khng nm c. Xem mch thy Ph Hng, trong 6-7 ln p c khi thy kt.
Ung Thch Sn ni rng: "Suyn m thy mch Hng th cha c, mch Kt l do m
ngng tr gy ra. Nn dng bi 'Sinh mch thang' (Nhn sm, Mch mn, Ng v t) thm
Trc lch". Ung n 10 thang th bnh mi yn. Ngi bnh thy vy, cho l chm, t
dng bi 'Tam hc thang', 'Ng hc thang'... th bnh li trm trng, v vy li phi dng
phng thuc c. Ung hn 30 thang mi khi bnh".
Y n Mch HNG i
(Trch trong 'C kim y n')
"Tit Lp Trai cha mt ngi bnh tn Vng D o, nguyn kh vn suy nhc li
thm lo hc thi, v vy n ma ng th pht st cao, mt , chy nc mt, hi th trm
trm, mun tuyt, mch Hng i bt ln ngn tay, n tay xung li thy nh khng c, li
kh ni gai, y l biu hin chn (thc) hn bn trong, gi nhit bn ngoi. Cho ung
bi 'Thp ton i b thang' (Bch trut, Bch thc, Bch linh, Nhn sm, Thc a, Cam
tho, ng quy, Xuyn khung, Hong k, Nhc qu ) v ni: ung thuc ny vo thy mch
kh thu lim li l tt. Ung vo mt lt th ng say, li s lnh, phi mc thm o, mch Vi T
nh si dy. y l chn tng ca h hn hin ra. Cho ung Nhn sm 40g, Thc Ph
t 12g. n ti mch li thot. Cho ung Nhn sm 80g, Thc Ph t 20g, th mi . Sau
cho ung i t Nhn sm, Hong k, Quy thn, Chch tho iu dng th bnh mi
khi".
Y n Mch HNG Hot
74

(Trch trong 'Tp ch ng Y' s 164/ trang 9)

"Bi Th M. 25 tui. C thai 3 thng, i ch v gp tri nng nn pht st cao, nhc u, mt,
mun i, c th tay chn nng n, nhc mi, ting ni hi nng, mt , ru li nhn, mch
Hng hot.
Chn on: Th kim thp.
iu tr: An thai, ha thp, tr th.
Dng: Tr ma cn 16g, B chnh sm 16g, T dip, Hng nhu, Bin u, Bch trut u
10g, Hoc hng, Trn b u 6g, Chi chi 4g, mai 1 qu, To 3 qu, Gng sng 3 lt. Sc
ung nng. Ung 3 thang th khi".
Y n Mch HNG Sc
(Trch trong sch 'Thin gia diu phng ').
"Mu XX, nam 37 tui, cn b. V nguyn nhn kinh t m tnh ch b u ut, sau sinh ra lit
dng, xut tinh sm, lm cho v chng bt ha, t tng cng thm nng n, thng hay
b vng u, mt ng. Tip theo pht hin b i tho ng. i khm v xc nh bnh,
c nhn nm iu tr. Kim tra: c th gy m, u vng, mt ng, kht nc, ung nhiu
i tiu nhiu ln, hay ra m hi trm, mch Hng Sc, li khng ru. Kim tra ng niu
vo sng, tra, ti u dng tnh. Cho dng bi 'Sinh mch bch h thang gia v ( ng
sm 50g, Mch mn 40g, Ng v t 10g, Tri mu 20g, Cam tho 10g, Hng mai 16g), li thm
Thch cao 50g, Phn hoa 50g. Ung 6 thang, cc chng gim nhiu nhng vn ra m hi
trm. Cho ung 3 thang bi 'ng quy lc hong thang' (ng quy, Sinh a, Huyn sm,
Hong lin, Hong cm, Hong b, Hong k, Bi mu ) th m hi mt hn. Tip theo li
dng bi 'Sinh mch bch h thang gia v' ng thi ng vin an i gip cho tinh thn vui v,
dn ch n ung iu . Hn 1 thng, bnh khi, tr v lm vic bnh thng".

MCH HUYN
( - Wiry (Tight) Pulse - Pouls Tendu)
75

A- i cng
- Huyn l dy (n, cung...) sc mnh i trong ng ca mch nh c si dy cng thng,
nn gi l Huyn.
- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) nhc n mch Huyn l mch tng ca
Can, ma xun.
- Chng 'Phc trng hn sn tc thc bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi:
"Mch Sc m Khn l mch Huyn".
B- Hnh tng mch Huyn
- Thin 'Ngc c chn tng lun' (T vn 19) ghi : "Mch Huyn thng m di".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi : "Mch Huyn hnh dng ging dy cung,
mnh tay vo khng thay i".
- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Huyn n vo cng thng
nh n vo dy cung".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Huyn nh si dy di cng thng".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Huyn n vo thy cng
thng nh n vo dy cung, thnh thong thy Sc".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH HUYN
- Sch 'Tam ti hi' v sch ' ch Nan kinh mch quyt' ghi hnh v mch Huyn nh
sau:

- Sch 'Mch chn' v hnh biu din mch Huyn nh sau:

76

- Sch 'Kt hp YHCT V YHH trong lm sng' ghi nhn v hnh v mch Huyn qua my
v nhn xt nh sau: "Trn ng biu din, sng u tin ca mch sau khi ln n nh
cn i ngang thm 1 on na ri mi xung, v vy nh ca sng u tin c hnh bng
phng (cao nguyn). iu ny ph hp vi m t ca cc sch xa l khi bt c mch
Huyn, c cm gic nh s vo dy cung hoc dy n cng cng di tay".

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Huyn

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Huyn... do h lao, ni thng, kh
trung tiu khng , th (T V) b mc (Can) khc".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' ghi :"Can ch s tit, iu sng kh c, nu t kh ut kt
Can, lm mt chc nng s tit, kh ut khng thng li, s sinh ra mch Huyn. Hoc cc
chng au, m m, kh c tr, m dng khng ha, mch kh do b cng ra, gy nn
mch Huyn".
- Sch 'Trung y bin chng lun tr ging ngha' ghi: Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Huyn
thng do:
Lng mu tim tng ra tng ln.
Sc co ca thnh mch mu tng.
Huyt p cao.
ng mch b x cng, trng lc ca ng mch cao hn bnh thng.
D- Mch Huyn ch bnh
77

- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Mch n v ma xun, c v kh m mch
hi Huyn l bnh thng, Huyn hi nhiu m v kh t l bnh Can, ch thy mch Huyn
m khng c v kh th s cht".
- Chng 'Bin thi dng bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn
m thy mch b thn Sp, b xch li Huyn th trong bng au nhiu".
- Chng 'Ngc tt bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Thy ni: Bn mch
ca bnh st rt l mch Huyn".
- Chng 'Thp knh trng th mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "i mch ca
bnh knh, xung thy Khn nh Huyn, i ln xung thng bng".
- Chng 'm m, khi thu mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch song
Huyn l hn, u l do sau khi cho x mnh, trong ngi d b h. Mch thin Huyn l
bnh m".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch c Huyn, Ph, Khn, Hot, Trm, Sp, 6
mch ny gi l tn tc, u l mch c bnh".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Cc mch Trm, Sp, Nhc, Huyn, Vi
l cc mch m... bnh thuc dng m thy mch m th cht".
- Chng 'u th u h li mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Tiu chy m mch
li Huyn, pht st, ra m hi l bnh sp khi".
- Chng 'Phc trng hn sn mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Thn khu
mch Huyn l di hng sn b au nhiu, gai rt, s lnh".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Huyn ch m m, st rt lu ngy. B thn Huyn l
u nhc, m nhiu. B quan Huyn th nng lnh, trng h. B xch Huyn ch i sn,
chn b co rt".
- Mc 'Hiu chnh Tn H mch hc' ( ch Nan kinh mch quyt) ghi: "Mch b thn
Huyn ch u au, hn nhit (st rt). B quan Huyn l V b hn, ngc bng au. B xch
Huyn l trng m sn".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "B thn Huyn th nc ng
h tiu, u au, bng au cp. B quan Huyn th mc kh b hi khng sinh c nhit,
bng au do V b hn. B xch Huyn th thy kh ng h tiu, rut au, di rn g au".
- Sch 'Mch hc tinh ngha' ghi: "Mch Huyn ch mt , chng mt, huyt p cao, hi
hp, hay qun, thn kinh suy nhc".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Huyn thy chng Can phong, kh ut, m m
m au".
78

- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Huyn ch t Can vng, T yu, bnh
ngc (st rt), m m, y trng, au 2 bn hng sn, sn kh, tch kt, chng t".
T Thn HUYN

Hu Thn HUYN

u au, lo s, m hi
trm.
T Quan HUYN

Ph cm phong hn, ho.

Sn au, sn kh.
T Xch HUYN

T V b hn, bng au.

Hu Xich HUYN

Bng di au.

Quanh rn au, thy tch h

tiu.

Hu Quan HUYN

E- Mch Huyn kim mch bnh

- Thin 'Th thung dung lun' (T vn 76) ghi: "Mch Ph m Huyn l Thn bt tc".
- Chng 'Bin Thiu dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn m
mch Huyn T, u au, pht st l thuc v Thiu dng".
- Chng 'u th, u, h li mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Tiu chy m
mch Trm Huyn th phn di nng n".
- Chng 'm m khi thu mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Trm m
Huyn l huyn m, au trong. Mch Huyn Sc m c huyn m, ma ng v ma h
kh cha. Ngi bnh ho kinh nin, mch Huyn l c nc ng".
- Chng 'Hi trng bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Trong bng au th
mch phi Trm Huyn, nu Hng i l c giun".
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "n ng bnh thng
m mch H, Trm, Huyn, khng nng lnh l h lao".
- Chng 'Kinh qy th nc mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Ngi bnh mt
nht nht, khng nng lnh, mch Trm Huyn th chy mu cam. Thn khu m mch
Huyn i. Huyn l gim, i l khu. Gim l hn, Khu l h. H hn kch bc nhau gi
l mch Cch. n b c mch ny th non, lu h, n ng th mt mu".
- Chng 'Ngc tt bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Huyn, Sc l nng
nhiu, Huyn, Tr l lnh nhiu".
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "n ng mch H,
Trm, Huyn, khng nng lnh, hi th ngn, bng au nhiu, tiu khng thng, sc mt
trng, thnh thong hoa mt, chy mu cam, bng di y, cc chng ny do bnh lao gy
ra".
79

- Chng 'Phc trng hn sn mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch phu
dng Vi, Huyn, ng l bng phi y, nu khng y th phi to bn, 2 bn sn au
nhc. l h hn t di xng ln. Di hng 1 bn au, pht st, mch Huyn, Khn,
l hn. Bng y, mch Huyn m Khn. Huyn th v kh khng vn hnh tc l s lnh,
Khn th khng mun n. T v chnh kch bc gy ra chng hn sn".
- Chng 'Thy kh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Thn khu mch
Huyn m Khn. Huyn l v kh khng vn hnh tc l s lnh, thy khng thm nhun n
cc ni lin chy vo gia rut".
- Chng 'Thp knh trng th mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Thi dng
trng nng pht st, s lnh, c th nng m au nhc, mch Huyn, T, Khu, Tr, i tiu
xong th rng mnh, tay chn lnh, h lm vic mt t th ngi nng ln, ming h ra, hm
rng trn kh".
- Chng 'Tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Huyn Tiu l chng hn tit".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Trm Huyn l b chng huyn m
gy au trong".
- Chng 'Tr tt on trng mch bnh' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Trng m Huyn l bnh
tng Can".
- Chng 'Can bnh chng' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Can bnh th sc mt xanh, tay chn co qup,
2 bn sn y tc hoc thng b chng mt. Thy mch Huyn Trng th d cha".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch i m Huyn l nng lnh. Nhuyn m Huyn l
chng mt, hoa mt, ngn tay t. Nhc m Huyn, T l huyt h, gn teo. Thc m Huyn
l hn thnh bn trong. Trm m Huyn l thc, ch v h trng. T Huyn l tng Can b
h".
- Mc 'Hiu chnh Tn H mch hc' ( ch Nan kinh mch quyt) ghi: "Huyn Trm l
chng huyn m gy ra au bn trong, Huyn H l hoa mt chng mt. Huyn Tr l qu
nhiu hn. Huyn T l co rt cp(kinh phong cp )".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Huyn Khn l s lnh, sn kh, tch t. Huyn Hng l
hng sn au nh di m".
G- Mch Huyn v tr liu
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun ) ghi: "Thng hn m
thy mch b thn Sp, b xch thy Huyn l trong bng au d di. Cho ung bi Tiu
kin trung thang ( Bch thc, Nhc qu, Cam tho, Gng, To). Nu khng bt, cho dng
bi ''Tiu si h thang'' ( Si h, Bn h, Hong cm, Nhn sm, Cam tho, Gng, To)".

80

- Chng 'Ngc tt bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Huyn, Tiu,
Khn th dng php h (x) s bt. Mch Huyn Tr dng php lm cho m (n). Mch
Huyn Khn c th dng chm cu pht hn".
- Chng 'Phc trng hn sn mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch phu
dng thy Vi, Huyn, ng l bng phi y, nu khng y th phi to bn, 2 bn sn
au nhc, l h hn t di xng ln, phi dng thuc m (n) m cha". Di hng mt
bn au, pht st, mch Huyn Khn, l hn, dng thuc m m x. Nn dng bi 'i
hong ph t thang' ( i hong, Ph t, T tn). Gp mch Sc Huyn th phi x cho hn
t ra".
- Mc 'Hiu chnh Tn H mch hc' ( ch nan kinh mch quyt) ghi: "
Mch b thn Huyn dng bi 'Tiu si h thang' (Si h, Hong cm, Bn h, Nhn sm,
Cam tho).
Mch b quan Huyn dng bi 'Ph t l trung thang' ( Bch trut, Ph t, Nhn sm, Chch
tho).
Mch b xch Huyn dng bi 'Trut ph thang' ( Bch trut, Cam tho, Ph t).
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi:
Mch b thn Huyn l nc ng h tiu, cho ung bi 'Bt v a hong hon' ( Thc a,
Bch linh, Hoi sn, Sn th, Trch t, n b, Nhc qu, Ph t ).
Mch b quan Huyn l mc kh b hi khng sinh c nhit m sinh ra hn, cho ung bi
'Tiu dao tn'(Si h, Bch thc, Bch trut, ng quy, Phc linh, Chch tho).
Mch Hu quan Trm Huyn l hn, cho ung bi 'Ph t l trung thang' (Bch trut, Ph t,
Nhn sm, Chch tho). Hoc bi 'Lc qun t thang' ( Bch trut, Bch linh, Nhn sm, Cam
tho, Bn h, Trn b) thm Can khng.
Mch b xch Huyn l thy kh ng h tiu, cho ung bi 'Ng linh tn' (Tr linh, Phc
linh, Bch trut, Trch t, Qu chi) hoc bi 'Trut ph thang' (Bch trut, Cam tho, Ph t).
H- Mch Huyn qua cc li bn
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Huyn... c thuyt cho
rng mch Huyn n nh khng thy g, li c thuyt cho rng Ph Khn l mch Huyn".
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) vit: "Mch Huyn thuc loi dng trung phc
m, l kh huyt bt ho, kh nghch, ut thng, Can cng, T h, hn nhit, m m, tr
thc, tch t, trng mn, h lao, au n, ngc l, sn t, ngc sn au".

81

- Chng 'S mch mch quyt' (Y hc nhp mn) vit: "Mch Huyn l huyt suy yu, c
lao thng, trung h, hn ngng tr, m nh tr, hng sn au, c th co rt, st rt, kinh
hong. Mch Huyn Khn th s lnh, hn sn, chng tch".
- Sch 'Hong hn y hc' ghi: "ng L Trung T ni rng: Vng Thc Ha ni rng mch
Huyn nh dy cung dng thng, So Th ni rng n vo khng di i, cng nh n vo
dy n cm, n st. ng i ng Ph ni rng t gia sut qua thng ging di ngn
tay. Cc nh (y gia) bn v mch Huyn nh vy, c th ni rng thc l su xa mt thit r
rng lm. ng Ng Sn Ph ni rng: mch song Huyn chy li nh ko 2 si dy l chng
Can b thc m au, nu n Huyn th ch nh 1 si dy thi. ng T Trung Kh ni rng
khi no 1 tay c 2 mch cng gi l song Huyn nh th l ngi nguyn kh khng c
mnh, thng thng hin ra mch ny, cng l thuc v loi h chng. Xt rng mch
Huyn c 3 iu ct yu:
1. T kh phm vo kinh Thiu dng, cho nn sch Kim qu ghi: mch ca bnh st rt tt
Huyn.
2. Huyt kh thu gn mch co li.
3. V kh suy bi, mc t ln th.
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Nu mch Huyn m li nh, cng cng (t
knh) nh s ln sng dao l hon ton khng c v kh, a s l kh cha".
Bi ca Mch HUYN (m trong Dng) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Mch Huyn cng thng dy di,
Can kinh mc vng, Th ny chng an.
Gin dy, thng mun ku van,
Mt m, li nc mt trn ra lun.
Tng loi: Huyn nh dy cung thng ngay,
Khn th hu lc nh dy st cm (n).
Mt tng, mt lc ch lm,
Lao nhn khong phc trm ko sai.
Ch bnh: Huyn ng phng ng m Can,
m m, nhit hn, st rt lin min.
Ph trm, tr, sc, song, n,
82

Phi tu kim mch m bn trng khinh.

Thn Huyn u nhc, nhiu m,
Trng h nhit hn, Huyn t quan.
Hu quan au bng, v hn,
Xch Huyn i sn, cc loan phi tng.
Bi ca Mch HUYN (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch Huyn ging ta dy n,
Nhng li nh nhng, h hot trn thay.
Mch di m li thng ngay,
Khi xem mch ng di tay rnh rnh.
Ch bnh: Mch Huyn vn thuc Can phong,
Thng, ngc, m m thuc trong mch Huyn.
T thn th ch Tm au,
Hu thn th ch nhc u, ngc au.
T quan m ngc trng h,
Hu quan au ngc V gia c hn.
T xch m tch h tiu,
Hu xch bn thng au nhiu chn co.
Kim mch: Ph Huyn chi m phi tng,
Trm Huyn huyn m r rng chng sai.
Mch Huyn sc thng nng thay,
Huyn tr mch y thc nay nhiu hn.
H th Huyn i r rng,
Mch m Huyn t thng thng cp cu.
83

Thn dng Huyn hn nhc u,

Xch m Huyn hn bng au di ngy.
n Huyn m tch phi hay,
Trm hn c lnh mch nay song Huyn.
I- Cc Y n Mch Huyn
Y n Mch HUYN T Sc
(Trch trong 'Lm chng y n bt k')
"Quan Thim Thi ch ng k rng: "Con gi ti, t lc nh, vn tnh cao ngo, sau khi
c chng sinh nhiu v kinh nguyt b b hn, m ra m hi trm thn hnh gy m, n
ung gim st". Ti tr li rng: "Mch Huyn T Sc l do lo ngh qu sc, huyt b h, Can
b to, v u su lm tn thng Tm, khin cho huyt nghch kh tr, thn sc tan mt, v vy
kinh nguyt b b khng thng".
Cho dng bi 'Bt v tiu dao tn' ( ng quy, Bch thc, Bch trut, Si h, Phc linh,
n b, Sn chi, Chch tho ) thm Mu l, Bi mu. Trc ht l phi c Can kh, km theo
gii ut, hnh kinh.
Ung vi thang thy c kt qu, i dng tip bi 'B t nhn hon' (B t nhn, Ngu tt,
Quyn b, Trch lan (l), Tc on, Thc a ) gia gim. Ung xong th khi bnh".
Y n Mch HUYN T Khng Lc
(Trch trong 'N khoa y hc ging ngha')
"V Hu, c th vn h yu, kinh nguyt t. C khi 4 tun thy 1 ln, c khi 3 thng thy 2
ln. l kinh nguyt (thin qu) khng sc y c kinh nguyt. Huyt dch Thi
xung khng vng, khng ho c kinh thu, sc mt khng ti, bng lnh au,
au m vo th li d chu, i tiu khng thoi mi, cht li trng nht, t ru, Mch
Huyn T v lc. Tham kho c chng ln mch chn on l do gc thin qu qu suy.
Xung mch h hn. Dng bi 'Thm th quyt tm tin' lm ch ( Ton ng quy 12g, i
Thc a 16g, T an sm 12g, Bo Phc thn 16g, Linh T thch 20g, T thch anh 28g
(tn nh), dc 4g, Hng ph ch 8g, Huyn h sch 4g, Qung ut kim 2,8g, Can
Xng b 2g, Trm hng phin 2,8g, Nhc qu tm 12g). 2 v Qu v Trm tn bt, ho vi
cm. Cc v khc sc vi vi lt Gng) . Ung 3 thang, chng au bng gim, bt chng mt,
tinh thn tng i linh hot hn.
Chn bnh li, b T thch, Xng b, Trm hng v Nhc qu, thm B t nhn 12g,
Trch lan 12g, Ngu tt 12g, Trm hng khc 12g. Ung lin 8 thang nh vy.

84

Ln th ba khm li, thy kinh n ng k, cc chng khi ht. K tip cho ung bi 'Bt
trn thang' ( Bch thc, Bch trut, Bch linh, ng quy, Thc a, Cam tho, ng sm,
Xuyn khung ) gia gim...".
Y n Mch HUYN Hot Kt i
(Trch trong 'Thin gia diu phng' )
"Vng X, 29 tui. Nm 1976, v thy trong ngc bc bi, tim hi hp nn i khm v pht
hin ra b chng nhp tim sm. Trc khi c bnh b cm nh v c bnh s au khp. Bt
u t nm 1977, sau khi lm vic mt nhc th ton thn au mi, mt l, nhp sm di
dng tam lin. tng dng nhiu thuc ty nhng khng c kt qu r. Ngy 5-5-1978, mt
bnh vin lm in tm thy nhp sm tm tht thnh nhp tam lin. Chn on l di
chng vim c tim do virus. Ngy 8-5-1978, n xin iu tr. Trc khi iu tr th IgA hi cao.
Khm thy: ngc bc bi, th dc, tim hong, hi hp, nhp sm thnh nhp nh tam lin. 1
nm nay cha gin on, ngoi ra th vng u, yu sc, d dy v rut kh chu, bng y
hi, i tin lng, ru li trng bn, mch Huyn, Hot, Kt, i.
Chn on: Chng nhp sm nhanh do chng vim c tim do virus (theo YHH) v kh m
lng h (theo YHCT).
iu tr: ch kh dng m. Cho dng bi 'Phc phng sinh mch tn' ( ng sm 12g,
Mch mn 10g, Ng v t 6g, an sm 16g, Thanh long x (Bch long x) 16g, H phch
(phn) 1,6g (ung vi nc thuc), thm Hong k 10g, Bch trut 10g, Bch thc 10g,
Hoi sn 12g, Sa m nhn 30g, Ch xc 10g, Trn b 10g, Mc hng 10g ). Sc ung ngy
1 thang. Sau khi ung 14 thang th nhp sm c bn ht, trong 24 gi ch cn mt vi ln.
Lc n phng khm th nhp tim tt. Sau khi vn ng ng ln ngi xung 20 ln cng
khng thy nhp sm xut hin. Cc triu chng v d dy v rut bt. Vn tip tc iu
tr bng bi thuc trn hn 2 thng na th cm thy cc triu chng khi ht. in tm
v IgA u hi phc nh thng, i tiu tin cng bnh thng. Theo di mt nm ri sau
cha thy cn nhp sm".

MCH H
( - Empty Pulse - Pouls Vide)
A- i cng
- Thin 'Chung th' (Linh khu 9) ghi: "Mch i nh c m khng cng l H".
85

- Sch 'Mch quyt san ng' ghi : "H ngha l gia bt tc, nhc m khng lc, v vy
gi l H".
- Sch 'Y bin' ghi: "H l khng Thc".
B- Hnh tng mch H
- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (M.Kinh) ghi: "Mch H th i, Tr m Nhuyn,
n xung th khng m rng".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch H l tng hp 4 mch Ph, i, Tr, Nhuyn, n tay
xung khng thy c g".
- Sch 'Ngoi khoa tinh yu' ghi : "Mch H, n vo khng thy, Tr, i m Nhuyn, tay
xung, nhc tay ln u thy trng khng".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun ' ghi: "Mch i Ph, Tr m Nhuyn, n tay xung khng thy".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch H, 3 b mch n nh tay th v lc,
n nng tay th mt".
-Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' ghi : "Mch H, c 3 b, nhc tay ln th khng lc, n xung
th trng rng".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH H
- Sch 'Mch chn' biu din hnh v mch H nh sau:

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch H

- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Kh khng khua ng huyt th mch n v lc
(h) - Huyt khng nui dng kh th mch cng H".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' gii thch : "Do kh h khng vn chuyn c huyt, mch
kh h, huyt h khng thc y c huyt mch, cho nn n tay xung thy trng rng. Do
86

kh h khng thu lim c nn mch kh trn ra ngoi. Huyt h, kh khng ph tr c

nn ph ra ngoi, v vy bt mch thy ln m nhuyn".
D- Mch H ch bnh
- Thin 'Ng tng sinh thnh lun' (T vn 10) ghi: "Mch ca V n i m H l c tch kh
trong bng, gi l chng quyt sn".
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch ca V m Thc l trng bng, H th
tiu chy - Mch kh lc n nhanh, lc i chm, trn Thc di H, s b chng quyt v
bnh u. Nu mch kh lc n chm, lc i nhanh, trn H di Thc l chng c
phong".
- Thin 'Thng bnh h thc lun' (T vn 28) ghi: "Mch kh b xch v thn u H th gi
l chng trng H - B chng in th mch H Thc ra sao? K B p: Thy mch H th
c th cha, thy mch Thc th cht".
- Thin 'i k lun '(T vn 48) ghi: "Mch ca Can v Thn u H th cht".
- Thin 'Thch ch lun' (T vn 53) ghi: "Mch Thc th huyt thc, mch H th huyt h,
l l thng; Tri nghch nh trn l bnh".
- Chng 'Thng hn l' (Thng hn lun ) ghi: "Mch H m c th st l do thng
th - Mch b xch v thn u H, nng khng bt th cht".
- Chng 'm m khi thu mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Ho lu nm,
thy mch H th thng chng mt, hoa mt".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh nghi tr' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu H t
sinh hn T V, gy ra n khng tiu".
- Chng 'm dng thanh trc tinh kh tn dch huyt mch' (Gip t) ghi: "Huyt thot th
sc mt trng nht, mch thot th mch rng H".
- Chng 'Kinh mch [phn Thng] (Gip t) ghi: "H th rng trong, i tin nt, ht hi,
tiu tin i mu".
- Sch 'Hong ni kinh thi t' ghi: "Mch H l tiu chy, l ot huyt".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: 'Mch H l c th st ( do thng th ), trng ngc hi hp,
t ra m hi, pht nng, m h. Mch b thn H l huyt khng nui Tm - B quan H l
bng trng, n khng tiu - B xch H l nng m trong xng, chn t bi, tinh huyt
b tn thng".
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi : "Mch H ch chnh kh h, khng lc".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch H ch chng huyt h, thng th".
87

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch H ch kh huyt u h".

- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi: "Ph chn thy mch H l huyt h, trm chn thy mch
H l kh h".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Tr nh thy mch H l c kinh phong, ngi mnh
khe c mch H l b thng th".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch H ch kh v huyt u h, ph nuy, thng th,
m hi ra nhiu, hi hp, chn mm, n khng tiu".
T Thn H

Hu Thn H

Hi hp.
T Quan H

Kh suy, t ra m hi.
Hu Qun H

Huyt khng nui gn.

T Xch H

H trng, n khng tiu.

Hu Xch H

Tht lng au, u gi t bi.

Dng suy hoc trm hn.

E- Mch H kim mch bnh

- Thin 'Ngc c chn tng lun' (T vn 19) ghi: "Mch chn tng ca Ph hin ra th i m
H, nh cm si lng chim pht nh vo da".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Bnh do phong th mch phi Ph H".
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "n ng bnh thng
m thy mch cc H l b h lao. n ng m mch li H, Trm, Huyn, khng nng
lnh... l do h lao gy ra. n ng bnh thng m mch T, Nhc, Vi th thng ra m
hi trm".
- Chng 'Ph nuy ph ung mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Sc, H l
chng ph nuy".
- Chng 'Ng tng phong hn mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch chn tng
ca Ph hin ra th Ph m phi H, n tay xung thy mm rng nh cng hnh, di
khng c gc th cht".
- Chng 'Bin tam b cu hu mch chng' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch b xch H Tiu th
cng chn lnh, au, t, bi".
- Chng 'Chm o ngoi su tng x' (Gip t) ghi: "Mch Hot m thnh l bnh ang
tin, - Mch H m T l bnh lu ngy".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
88

Mch H m Ph l kh h.
H m Sp l huyt h.
H m Sc l m h, ph nuy.
H m Tr l dng h.
H m Nhuyn l m hi t ra.
H m Tiu l chn au, t bi.
- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi: "H m Sc l m h, H m Tr l dng h".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Mch H m i l nguyn kh v tinh huyt b hao tn
v lao ng qu sc. H m Sp l do phng lao qu lm cho Thn v kh huyt b suy yu".
G- Mch H v iu tr
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' ghi: "Thng hn 8-9 ngy, phong thp
tng bc ln nhau v vy c th au nhc, khng th t mnh xoay tr c, khng i,
khng kht, mch Ph H m Cp. Cho ung bi 'Qu chi ph t thang' ( Qu chi. Bch
thc, Ph t, Cam tho, Sinh khng, To).
- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr'(Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn 5-6
ngy, khng b kt hung, bng mm, mch H, tay chn gi lnh, khng th dng php h v
y l chng vong huyt, nu h th s cht".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Gp mch H th phi dng vinh ch kh ngay, khng c
chn ch".
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "Bnh in m thy mch H th c th cha c, nn
dng phng php i b. Nu thy mch Thc, i m do m kt t lu ngy, dng php
khu trc m khng c hiu qu th kh cha".
H- Mch H qua cc li bn
- Chng 'Mch thn ' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi: "Mch H l chnh kh h, l v lc, v
thn (khng c thn lc ca mch), c m c dng. Ph m v lc l huyt h, Trm m v
lc l kh h, Sc m v lc l m h, Tr m v lc l dng h. Tuy ni rng mch Vi,
Nhu, Tr, Sp l h nhng phi ni thm rng bt k l mch no, nu thy v thn, v lc
th u l mch H. V vy, cc mch Hng, i m khng c thn l m h, mch T Tiu
m khng c thn l dng h. m h m kim v thy b hao tn (dch), long li ha my
ng v vy bnh v thn, hn v ng dch. Th d nh ra m hi, di tinh, kinh s, hi hp
hoc ho suyn, tiu gt, tiu ra mu. Dng h th ha v th b tn thng, chn kh suy
km v vy bnh qun ha, trng ha v trung chu nh l vng u, hoa mt, v qun y
tc, nn, , vong dng, tiu chy, kit l, bng au. Mun cu m th phi b gc ca ha.
89

Thy mch kh vng ln th sng, nu thy nh dn th cht. Thy mch H m khng b

th nguyn kh ly g m hi phc li c? ng l ca i ca s sng cht vy".
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "Mch H l triu chng
ca vinh huyt khng u. Vng Thc Ha cho rng mch Tr, i m Nhuyn l H.
Ngi b kh h, suyn th thng thy mch H, i m Sc. Th m li ni huyt h th
mch H, l chng bit rng Trng Trng Cnh c ni rng: "Mch H c c th
nng l do thng th". L ng Vin cng ni: "Mch kh khu i m H l ni thng
v kh". Nu mch H i m Sp th mi l ni thng phn v huyt. Phm mch ca
ngi huyt h, nu khng thy r l Sp, Nhc cng l Huyn, T, Khn, Tr. Nh chng
thng th thy mch Tr l kh h, nu thy mch Huyn, T, Khn, Tr l huyt h. Ngi
bnh h lao tt phi thy mch cc H m Khu, Tr hoc b xch thy Vi, Tiu, T, l
huyt mt tinh... Lc u tuy bnh thng m li thy mch H, Nhc, Vi, T th thng ra
m hi trm. Xem trn y th phn r c mch H thuc kh h hoc huyt h vy. Thn
Trai c ni: "Mch Hng i m H th phi phng chng b tiu chy". Nu mch H th
phn nhiu l T kh. Thy kim mch i l do kh b h, khng thu lim c. Kinh ghi:
"Mch kh b xch v thn u H th gi l chng trng h". Bnh trong mch li H th
li kh cha. Trng Trng Cnh cng ni: "Mch H th khng th dng php th ( lm cho
i ra). Bng y m mch H, chn tay lnh th khng th dng php h (x ra). Mch b
xch v thn u H m nng khng gim th cht, (cc cu ny) khng thy bnh thc m
mch li H th u kh cha... Nu cc H m v nh gi thi qua lng hoc cc H m
Sc, bnh bng nh m ni trn nc, u l triu chng ca Ph b tuyt".
Bi ca Mch H (m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng : Mch H trng rng phi tng.
n thng khng ch thng c d.
Tng loi : Mch Khu khc vi mch H,
Khu th Ph i rng nh l hnh.
Ch bnh : H mnh nng, cm nng y.
H khi hi hp li hay s sng.
m h pht st r rng,
Ta phi vi vng ch kh dng sinh.
Tm h huyt chng vinh cn,
Quan h bng trng sc n km thng.
Xch h tinh huyt u thng,
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Ct chng nuy t r rng chng sai.

Bi ca Mch H (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch H phn bit cho tinh,
Ph i tr nhuyn 4 hnh hp chung.
Mch xem dng cng trng khng,
Khi n tay xung th khng thy g.
Ch bnh: H ch huyt h, th thng.
T thn hi hp s sng, Tm khuy,
Hu thn H ch Ph khuy,
Hoc l hi yu, hoc l m hi.
T quan H thng Can ri,
V chn huyt km khng nui cn hi.
Hu quan H T hn thay,
n khng tiu ha thc nay thng T.
T xch H y thy suy.
Lng au gi mi cng th t nuy.
Hu xch H y ha suy,
Bao nhiu hn chng y th lung tung.
H- Cc Y n Mch H
Y n Mch H T V Lc
(Trch trong 'Trnh Hnh Hin y n')
"Con ca Phng Ty Nham, bm sinh vn yu li hc hnh qu sc nn tm thn hao
tn. Lc mi bnh, thy h ha bc ln, sau b hot tinh. Chn mch thy H, T m v
lc. Cho ung bi 'Lc v a hong hon' (n b, Sn th, Thc a, Bch linh, Trch t,
Hoi sn ) nhng b bt Bch linh v Trch t i, thm Mch mn, Ng v t, Vin ch, To
nhn, Mu l, Khim thc. Ung my thang cha c kt qu nn li mi ti n, ti mi ni
91

rng: y l do Thy Ha khng giao nhau, lm sao m c hiu qu nhanh c? Dng

phng thuc c thm Long ct, Tt l, Lin nhy tu, Tang phiu tiu. l hp vi l ca
'hot th phi sp'. Ung c 2 tun th h dng thu lim li m tinh cng bt chy ra.
Nhng v bnh lu ngy nn c th gy m bing n, l do T V suy, sch 'Mch kinh' c
ghi: "Thn ch thy, nhn tinh ca 5 tng 6 ph m tng gi. l tinh cha Thn ch
khng phi sinh Thn... Cn phi b T V hu thin. Sng cho ung bi 'Sm linh bch
trut tn' ( Lin t nhc, d nhn, Sa nhn, Ct cnh, Bch bin u, Bch linh, Nhn sm,
Chch tho, Bch trut, Sn dc ), chiu th dng phng thuc c - l phn ra T v
Thn m cha. t lu sau th khi".
Y n Mch H T M Sp
(Trch trong 'Trnh Hnh Hin y n')
"B gi h Trnh, tui hn 70, b to bn, bng au, hu mn sng, n ng u b, bnh
hn 2 tun, cha m khng c hiu qu. Khi mi ti n, ni l phi dng php h. Ti
xem mch thy H m Sp mi ni rng: "y l chng h b, dng bi 'B trung ch kh'
( Hong k, Nhn sm, Chch tho, Bch trut, Trn b, ng quy, Thng ma, Si h ) l ,
cn g phi h. Ung c 2 ngy i tin vn khng thng. Ngi bnh ni l rut au qu
khng th chu ni, phi h ngay. Ti ni rng: Php h khng phi l ti khng bit, nhng v
s rng tui cao, chnh kh h hao, nu dng php h tt chnh kh phi thot. Nu b
trng m cht th sao bng thot m cht nhanh hn. Ngh rng trong sch 'Y hc tm ng'
c ghi 'C chng bnh khng th h m cng c chng bnh khng th khng h, nu h
khng ng php t hi ngi'. Ti suy ngh giy lt ri dng php c, thm i hong 12g,
l phng theo 'cng trong b' ca ngi xa. Ung xong th bng si ln ri pht trung
tin, n chiu th i tin ra c my cc phn cng mi nm yn c. Ngy hm sau,
thy bng di cn au bit l phn cha ra ht, dng bi thuc c, gim bt na liu i
hong. Ung xong th i tiu 2 ln, trc cng sau lng, bng ht au, n c ri khi".
Y n Mch H T Hon
(Trch trong 'Ni khoa hc' ca Thng Hi')
"Lm X, 49 tui... B bnh hn 8 nm, ti pht nhiu ln. Cc nm 1958-1962 nm vin
2 ln vi chn on l bnh tiu ng. iu tr bng thuc c hiu nhng ngng thuc
bnh li ti pht, gn y chng trng tin trin, ung nhiu, n nhiu, tiu nhiu, gy m, da
trc vy, sc mt km ti, dng v th , nht nho, phn ng chm chp, chong vng,
hoa mt, tai , th lc gim, m nang m lnh, ru li trng mng v trn, cht li non
nht, mch H T m Hon.
Xt nghim: Lng ng trong huyt: 290mg%, Lng ng trong nc tiu 4 +. T trng
1.038.
Chn on: Bnh tiu kht (tiu ng).

92

iu tr: Thc a 16g, Hoi sn 20g, Thin hoa phn 20g, Mch mn 12g, Nhc qu 4g, Sn
th 12g, n b 12g, Thin Mn 12g, Hong k (sng) 20g, Ph t 8g, Sc ung chung vi
Kim qy thn kh hon ( Thc a, Hoi sn, n b, Qu chi, Sn th, Phc linh, Trch t,
Ph t ). Sau khi ung ht 24 thng (2 nm), cc chng tng tiu tr ht. Theo di thm 12
thng sau vn khng ti pht. Kim tra li lng ng trong mu: 123mg%, lng ng
trong nc tiu (-) (m tnh)".

I- Mch H V Cc Mch Khc

(Theo sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu')
Mch
gc
Loi

c im

mch

vo

ngn

(05
mch)

tay

Tn mch gc

Chm

nh

Hnh thi mch

Hi chng tng
ng

n tay xung khng

thy c g, nng tay Chng h, kh v
ln thy mch yu
huyt h.
khng c sc.
Nh nh si ch
H chng, lao tn,
thy r di tay.
m h, thp.
Rt nh, mm nh
H chng, dng
khng c, mch p
suy. Bnh nguy.
nghe khng r.

H
T
VI

thiu
sc,
khng

I (I)

Mch p c lc
dng nh khng Kh ca tng do s
thy tr li, ch kh hi gy ra tn hi.
lu mi thy tr li.

ON

u ui u ngn,
thn mch khng Khng c sc, kh b
thy c d mi
h tn.
b v.

c
sc.

93

Trn Tu Vin nhn nh:

- Mch H m i ngn l mch on.
- H m Ph,T l mch Nhu.
- H m Trm T l mch Nhc.
- H m c s ngn tr l mch Sc.
- H m qua li khng r gi l mch Vi.
Vy mch on, Nhu, Nhc, Sc v Vi u da vo mch H.

MCH KT
( - Knotted Pulse - Pouls Noue)
A- i cng
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch n Hon c lc ngng ri li tip,
gi l mch Kt".
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th ) ghi: "Mch n cht ngng ri li tip th gi l
Kt".
- Thuc loi mch m.
B- Hnh tng mch Kt
- Nan th 18 (Nan kinh) ghi: "Kt l mch qua li c lc ngng, s ln p khng nht nh".
- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Kt qua li Hon, c lc
ngng ri li tip tc".
94

- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi: "Nu thy mch c khi ngng ngh gin
on th phi gi chung l mch Kt".
- Chng 'Thng hn tht tr' (Thng hn thch ngha tp) ghi: "Kt l kt t, mch qua
li c lc ngng ngh gin on nh dy c tht nt".
- Sch 'Mch hc tp yu' ghi: "Mch Kt... s ln p khng u, hoc p 5-7 ln th ngng
hoc p 10-20 ln mi ngng".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Kt n chm chp, c khi thy ngng hn".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Kt n t t, thnh thong ngng 1
ci, khng c s nht nh".

HNH V BIU DIN MCH KT

- Sch 'Mch chn' biu din hnh v mch Kt:

C- Nguyn nhn gy ra mch Kt

- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Kt l do kh huyt ngng kt, to m ng tr".
- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "Mch Kt do phn nhiu kh huyt suy dn, tinh lc st
km, v vy, mch ngng ri li p, p ri li ngng".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' gii thch rng :"Mch Kt do kh b h, huyt b Sp, t kh kt
t kinh mch. H suy th kh lc km, kt t th lm cho kinh mch b tr ngi, v vy mch
kh tri chy khng c lu li m li c gin on".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Kt do m thnh, dng kh khng th
iu ha, v vy m mch n t t m thnh thong li ngng".
95

- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' ghi: "Ni ngi bnh c mch Kt, in tm thy
c hnh nh ngoi tm thu nh hoc hnh nh rung nh hoc hnh nh ngoi tm thu tht hoc
hnh nh bloc nh tht. Trng hp ng c Digitalin c th pht sinh ra mch Kt".
D- Mch Kt ch bnh
- Chng 'Bin tam b cu hu mch chng' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Kt b quan l trong
bng c tch t".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Ngi bnh chn tay
quyt lnh, mch bt thnh lnh thy Kt l t kh tch t ngc, v vy m ngc y tc, i
m khng n c".
- Chng 'Mch m dng loi thnh'(Chn gia khu yu) ghi: "Mch Kt... m thnh m
dng khng vo c, l trng kt, ut do tht tnh".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Kt... trong l tch t, ngoi l ung nht, sn, h".
- Sch 'Mch hc tp yu' ghi: "Mch Kt l kh huyt kt t".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Kt thy chng tch tr, ngng kt bn trong".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Kt ch m thnh, kh kt, kh ng tc,
m tr, tch t, huyt, trng h, hn m, kh ut".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Kt ch kh huyt ngng tr, ngoan m ni kt,
tc thc nh tr, trng h, tch t, sn thng, tht tnh ut kh".
T Thn KT

Hu Thn KT

Tim au.
T Thn KT

Kh tr.
Hu Quan KT

Sn h.
T Xch KT

m tr.
Hu Xch KT

Tiu khng thng.

Trng h.

E- Mch Kt kim mch bnh

- Chng 'm dng loi thnh' (Chn gia khu yu) ghi: "Mch Ph Kt l hn t tr tr
kinh lc. Trm Kt l tch t trong, Hon m Kt l dng h, Sc m Kt l m h".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
96

Mch Kt m Ph l hn t ng tr kinh lc.

Kt m Trm l kh tch bn trong.
Kt m Sc l nhit.
Kt m Hot l ho m, thy m.
Kt m Sp l tch trong.
G- Mch Kt v u tr
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi dng bnh,
thn th vng, mch Trm Kt, bng di cng, tiu khng thng l chng v huyt. Nu
tiu khng thng, ngi bnh nh cung l chng v huyt. Cho ung bi ' ng thang'
( Thy it, Mang trng, i hong, o nhn). Thng hn m mch Kt, i, hi hp, cho
ung bi 'Chch cam tho thang' ( Chch tho, Qu chi, A giao, Sinh a, Mch mn, Nhn
sm, Ma nhn, Sinh khng, i to )".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Ngi bnh tay chn
quyt lnh, mch bt thnh lnh Kt, l t kh kt t ngc... Bnh ngc v vy phi dng
php th ( lm cho i ra )".
H- Mch Kt qua cc li bn
- Chng 'Mch m dng loi thnh' (Chn gia khu yu) ghi: "Mch Kt... m thnh m
dng khng vo c, l trng kt, ut do tht tnh. Ph Kt l hn t tr tr kinh lc,
Trm Kt l tch kh trong, l kh, huyt, n ung, m. Trc ht th kh hn lm ng tr
gy ra mch Kt. V vy Trng Trng Sa (Trng Cnh) mi ni rng mch Kt Xc u l
cc mch c bnh".
- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "... Cc i trc u ni rng mch Sc m c gin on
l mch Xc. Xc l nhit, l dng cc. Mch Hon m c gin on l mch Kt, Kt l
hn, l m cc. Li ni l do kh huyt, n ung, m, tch t. trng h, tht tnh, ut kt...
Theo ti nghim thy th mch Xc cng nh mch Sc, v tt l nhit. Mch Kt cng nh
mch Hon, cha chc l hn. Nu thy mch c khi b ngng ngh gin on th u gi
chung l mch Kt. Phn nhiu do kh huyt suy dn, tinh lc km, v vy ngng ri li p,
p ri li ngng. Cc bnh lu ngy, h lao hoc dng cc phng php cng kch, tiu,
pht... th thng thy mch ny... Hon m Kt l dng h - Sc m Kt l m h... Hon
th cn , Sc l bnh nng thm, l kt cng nhiu. Xem th c th bit s tiu trng
ca nguyn kh. Th d cc chng ut kt lu tr, vn ng vi mch Kt, nay thy hnh th
ngi bnh suy yu, kh thc, mch n tay nh hoc mnh u c lc th bit l do ut
tr. Nu thy khng c bnh m hin ra mch Kt, l do bm ph khc thng, khng
phi lo. Ngoi ra, h bnh c gim m thy mch Kt l kh huyt suy tn, u ui khng
tip ng, cn bi b gp phn cn bn ch khng th ni l do ng tr c".
97

- Sch 'Mch hc tp yu' ghi: "Phng Long m ni rng mch Kt l kh huyt kt tr, s
ln p khng u, hoc p 5-7 ln th ngng, hoc p 10-20 ln mi ngng. Tn mch
Kt bt u t thin 'Chung th' sch Linh khu, v Nan th 18 sch Nan kinh. Trong chng
'Bin mch php' sch 'Thng hn lun' ghi rng mch Hon m c gin on l mch Kt,
mch Sc m c gin on l mch Xc. Xt k th thy lp lun trn nghch vi ca
Trng Trng Cnh. Hung chi ni Hon i vi Sc ri ni Hon l chm th li cng sai.
Bn ca Trng Cnh ch ni mch Kt l tn gi chung ca cc mch c ngng ngh, gin
on. Nm ngoi ti c cha mt ngi b n dch, xem mch thy c lc ngng. Ngi con
n nh xem mch cng c mch Kt. Nhn lc mi th xem mch 3 ngi con khc th
cng u thy mch Kt ging nh ngi cha. V vy mi bit mch Kt do bm ph ca
Trng Trng Cnh l khng ngoa vy".
Bi ca Mch KT (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng : Kt th hon c khi ngng,
Trc m qu thnh, mun chng vong dng.
Ph tr, trm tch phi tng.
Hn hay h c ch trng r rng.
Tng loi : i th ngng, chng li ngay,
Kt sinh, i t hai loi khc nhau.
Ch bnh : Mch Kt v kh huyt ngng,
Lo m tch tr xem chng chng thng.
Trong tch t, ngoi nht ung,
Sn h cc chng u cng thuc m.
Bi ca Mch KT (Chn gia chnh nhn).
Mch tng: Kt l c kt ngng,
Mch i chm chm bng ngng li ngay.
Ngng ri i, chng i thay,
Khi xem mch c ny m suy.
Ch bnh: Mch Kt vn thuc m hn,
Bnh ch tch tr huyt m kt ngng.
98

T thn ch au, tm ha,

Hu thn ph kh h hn kt ngng.
T quan hn sn phi chng?
Hu quan m, thc tr ngng nn ghi.
T xch kt ch tch nuy,
Hu xch kt ch chng nuy m hn.
H- Cc Y n Mch Kt
Y n Mch KT
(Trch trong 'Tn Vn Khim y n')
"Mt ngi bnh ln tui, vn b m ha, nay li b i tin lng, mi ngy 3-4 ln, bng si,
vng rn cng trng mch p 3-4 ln th ngng hoc 7-8 ln li ngng. C thy thuc
khng bit dng php n b m li dng ba bi 'Bnh v tn' ( Thng trut, Hu phc, Trn
b, Cam tho) thm Hong lin, Sn Tra, Bch thc. V khc pht thi qu lm cho ngi
bnh phi au bng. Thy thuc khng bit li m cn ni rng ngi ln tui m thy
mch Kt l chng xu ri b i khng cha na. n lc th mi ti n cha. Xt rng
sch mch c ghi: "Mch Hon m c gin on l mch Kt, mch Sc m c gin on l
mch Xc". y l mch Kt ch khng phi l mch xu (hung), chng ny l do hn m
ngng kt gy ra. cch cha phi nn n b h nguyn, b ha sinh th tc l p dng php
'H b mu' vy. Dng B ct ch, Bch trut, mi th 12g lm qun, trng 8g lm thn,
Bch linh, Trch t, Trn b, Cam tho u 4g lm t, Nhc u khu, ch tr nhn u 2g lm
s. Ung 4 thang th i tin nh thng, ch cn si bng cha bt. Lin gim Nhc u
khu, thm Can khng 2g cho ung th khi bnh".
Y n Su Mch u KT
(Trch trong 'Y tn tt c')
"ng Nim Sn b ging chc quan n tnh Trit Giang lm n st. ang lc bun gin li
gp tit tri vo ma h ang thnh gy ra tiu tin khng thng, kh nghch ln gy ra suyn.
ng t cho mnh bit v thuc, dng bi 'V linh thang' ( Tr linh, Trch t, Bch linh, Bch
trut, Qu chi, Thng trut, Hu phc, Trn b, Cam tho ) sc ung lin 4 thang m khng
bt. Ti lin ni: "Su mch thy Kt l do kh b tr. Ch dng Ch xc 32g, Sinh khng 5
lt. Ung 1 thang hi thng, ung 4 thang th khi".

99

MCH KHN
( - Press (Tense) Pulse - Pouls Presse )
A- i cng
- Khn l gp, rt. Mch i c v gp v rt v vy gi l Khn.
- Thuc loi mch Dng.
B- Hnh tng mch Khn
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Khn i li nh si dy b vn".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Khn tm n di ngn tay
thy chy sut c 3 b, n vo mch chy c d, nh tay thy rt Sc, ta nh mch Hng,
Huyn".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch i khn trng c lc".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch n gp di tay thy nh ko dy
thng".
- Sch ' ch Nan kinh mch quyt' ghi hnh v biu din mch Khn:

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Khn

100

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Do hn kh lm ngng tr trung tiu khng
tit ra ngoi c, gy tr ngi kh dng, khng thng t c, dn ti hin tng chnh
v t chng nhau, gy ra mch Khn".
- Sch 'Hong hn y hc' ghi: "Mch Khn... do s bin tnh ca mng huyt qun, hoc do
s tng mu tim m sinh ra".
D- Mch Khn ch bnh
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Khn ch chng au, ch v hn suyn, ho, phong
gin, m lnh, nn ma. B thn thy Khn l bng au lm rm. B xch thy Khn l
bnh thuc m, bn n, sn kh".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch b thn Khn l u au.
B quan thy Khn l bn trong thy au. B xch Khn l trong ngi bt rt, quanh rn
au lin min".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Khn thy chng hn, au".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Khn ch hn, au, thc n ngng
tr".
- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi: "Mch Khn ch hn b v biu h. Ph n m thy mch
Khn l kinh nguyt chm (thy sau k). Tr nh thy mch Khn thng b kinh phong. B
thn (tri) thy Khn: u nhc, hoa mt, c au, kh b nghch. B thn (phi) thy Khn: hay
s mi, ngc y v au. B quan (tri) thy Khn: bng y, au, 2 bn sn v lng au.
B quan (phi) thy Khn: n ung khng tiu, bng au, nn ma. B xch (tri) thy Khn:
lng v bng di au, tiu kh. B xch (phi) thy Khn: h tiu au".
E- Mch Khn kim mch bnh
- Nan th 7 (Nan kinh) ghi: "Mch Thi m n th Khn, i m Trng".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch thn khu Ph m Khn. Ph l
phong, Khn l hn".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Hi: C ngi bnh pht run ri ra m
hi, li nhn m bnh gii, l ti sao? p: Mch Ph m Khn, n tay xung li Khu l
chnh kh h, v vy m pht run, thy mch Ph tt s ra m hi m gii".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch c Khn, Ph, Huyn, Hot, Trm,
Sp, 6 mch ny gi l 'Tn tc', u l cc mch bnh".
- Chng 'Bin Thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Trng hp b kt
hung, n ung nh thng, kit l, mch b thn Ph mch b quan Tiu, Trm, Khn l
chng tng b kt".
101

- Chng 'Bin Dng minh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Dng minh bnh.
mch Ph Khn th s nng tng cn, pht tc c lc".
- Chng 'Bin Thiu m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thiu m bnh mch
Khn, n 7-8 ngy sau th i l".
- Chng 'u th u h li bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch phu
dng Ph m Sp gi l chng phn v, mch Khn m Sp th kh cha".
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Bnh huyt t do u
m b? Thy p... Ch cn c mch t Vi, Sp ti thn khu v Tiu Khn ti b quan th
bit. Thy mch Khu, ng, Vi, Khn, n ng th di tinh, n b th mng thy giao hp".
- Chng "m m khi thu mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Gia chn thy
c chi m, b suyn y, di tm c kin b (ngnh cng), mu da en nu, mch Trm,
Khn".
- Chng 'Hong n bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch phu dng
Khn m Sc. Sc l nhit, nhit th tiu cm. Khn l hn, n vo th lm y. Phu dng
mch Khn l T b tn thng".
- Chng 'u th mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Tiu chy, thy mch Khn l
cha gii".
- Chng 'Phc trng, hn sn mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mt bn hng
sn au, pht st, mch Khn, Huyn l hn. Bng y mch Huyn Khn. Huyn th v
kh khng vn hnh tc l s lnh. Khn th khng mun n. T v chnh kch bc nhau gy
ra chng hn sn. Gp mch Khn, i m Tr l di tim t phi cng, Mch i m Khn
l trong dng c m. Mch Khn nh si dy vn vo v thng l c thc n c khng
tiu".
- Chng 'Sang ung mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chng trng ung th
bng di sng, c b khi, n th au nh ng lu, tiu thng hay pht st, t ra m hi
m li s lnh, mch Tr Khn l thnh m".
- Chng 'Thy kh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Thi dng bnh,
mch Ph m Khn, ng l xng khp phi au nhc nhng li khng au, c th li
nng m t but, l chng phong thy. Mch phu dng ng l phi Phc nay li thy
Khn l vn t c hn, l chng hn sn, bng au".
- Chng 'Trng phong lch tit phong mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch
thn khu thy Ph m Khn. Khn l hn, Ph l h. Hn v h tranh nhau, t b phu".
- Chng 'Tr tt... mch php' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch i, Hng, Khn, Sc l bnh tin
trin, bn ngoi l u au, pht st, ung thng".

102

- Chng 'Bin tam b cu hu mch chng' (Mch kinh ) ghi: "Mch thn khu Trm m
Khn l lnh di tim, thng hay au, c tch t".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch'( Mch kinh ) ghi: "Mch Sp m Khn l chng t".
-Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Ph Khn l phong hn, mch Trm Khn l lnh
thng".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Hng Khn l ngc y tc, i tin kh m ra
mu, Ph Khn l hn, Trm Khn l t kh thnh - T Khn l hn".
- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi: "Mch Khn m Ph ch v ngoi cm. Khn m Trm l tim,
2 bn sn, bng di b hn b v gy ra nn ma, tiu chy".
G- Mch Khn v iu tr
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch gp cc
hin tng Khu, ng, Vi, Khn th n ng b mt tinh, n b mng thy giao hp. Dng
bi 'Qu chi long ct mu l thang' m cha ( Qu chi, Thc dc, Cam tho, Long ct,
Mu l, Sinh khng, To). Chng bnh m c th bn ngoi t di, cu vo khng bit au,
ging nh l chng phong t, dng bi 'Hong k qu chi ng vt thang' m cha ( Hong k,
Qu chi, Thc dc, Sinh khng, To).
- Chng 'Tm thng, hung t mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chng ngc au,
suyn th, ho khc, ngc v lng au, hi th ngn, mch thn khu Trm m Tr, b
quan mch Tiu, Khn, Sc, dng bi 'Qua lu gii bch bch tu thang' m cha (Qua lu,
Gii bch, Bch tu).
- Chng 'Phc trng, hn sn mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Hn sn,
quanh rn au, Nu pht th nc trng chy ra, tay chn mp lnh, mch Trm Khn. Dng
bi 'i u tin' m cha ( u loi ln sc ung)".
- Chng 'Phc trng, hn sn mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch i m
Khn l trong dng c m, c th cho x c".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: " Mch Ph Khn th phi dng php pht hn. Mch Trm
Khn th phi n tn".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch t thn ch v Hng
(ha) nay thy Khn (mc) l ha gip mc m sinh ra phong nhit trn, cho nn ch v
nhc u. Mch hu thn ch Sc (kim) nay thy Khn (mc) l kim h khng bnh c
mc cng lm cho nhc u. Nn ung bi 'Tiu si h thang' ( Si h, Bn h, Nhn sm,
Hong cm, Cam tho, Sinh khng, To). Mch t quan ch v Huyn (mc) nay thy Khn
(mc) l mc thnh khc th v vy sinh ra au. Mch hu quan ch mch Hon (th) nay
thy mch Khn (mc) l mc khc th m sinh au, cho ung bi 'Thc dc thang'
( Bch thc, Hong lin, Hong cm, ng quy, i hong, Binh lang, Mc hng, Qu
tm, Cam tho ). Mch t xch ch Trm (thy) nay thy mch Khn (mc) l phong nhit
103

vo h tiu lm cho au bng. Php cha c khc nhau: cha bn t bng bi 'Qu chi
thc dc thang' ( Qu chi, Thc dc, To, Chch tho, Sinh khng ). Cha bn hu
bng bi 'Lc v a hong thang' ( Thc a, n b, Bch linh, Hoi Sn, Sn th, Trch t)
thm ng quy v mt t Ng th".
H- Mch Khn qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Hong hn y hc' ghi: "Xt v mch Khn, kinh sch xa nay cha rt c iu ch
yu ca n, u cho rng n tng t vi mch Huyn. Cha ti thng ni: mch Khn m
sch Ni kinh T vn v Trng Trng Cnh vn gi chc hn khng ging vi thuyt ca
cc y gia, v Khn ngha l xon l khng tan ri c, b rng c gii hn m ng mch
cng vi th tht chia r rt r rng mi ng, v hn ch thu rt nn ng mch phi xon
cht m khng dm tan ri ra vy".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Khn m nhiu dng t l du hiu
m t kch bc, khng phi l biu hn b ngoi m l l hn c thnh".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Khn nh xon dy thng
chng cho, l hn, thuc dng, n vo thy trng, mi t tay vo nh dy thng xon
chng cho. Mt thuyt ni: ta nh xon dy thng tng lc, l t kh va chm, n nu
khong vinh v lm cho b kch ng".
Bi ca Mch KHN (Dng) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Khn th nh th vn dy,
Bi phn tng mch thc ry khn trng.
Hn t ngoi li r rng,
Trong thng au bng, ngoi thng mnh au.
Tng loi: Huyn nh dy cung thng ngay,
Khn th hu lc nh dy st cm (n).
Ch bnh: Khn ch chng au, ch hn,
Suyn ho, phong gin, lnh m hay nn.
Ph Khn th pht hn lun,
Trm Khn th li phi n tn lin.
Thn Khn thng thc hoc hn,
Khn thy quan au bng lm rm.
104

Xch Khn th bnh thuc m,

Bn n sn kh chng rm cht no.
Bi ca Mch KHN (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch Khn mau kp thuc dng,
i li c lc r rng chng sai.
Mch ng di ngn tay,
Thng cng nh th si dy xon vo.
Ch bnh: Khn mch ch bnh k ra,
Hoc ch hn t, hoc cc chng au.
T thn Khn tm y au,
Hu thn ho suyn ti sao? Cm hn.
Hu quan ph Khn thng hn,
Trm Khn thng thc t quan chng cm.
I- Cc Y n Mch Khn
Y n Mch KHN
(Trch trong sch 'Tr nghim' ca Sinh Sinh ng).
"V ca Binh V, sau khi sinh () non, sc mt xm en, th dn, u chong vng, mi
tin sinh n thm bnh. Tin sinh thy mch Khn m di rn kt rn (cng), cho l chng
xc huyt, cho dng bi ' ng thang' (o nhn, Mang trng, Thy it, i hong) 3
ngy, th thy t lng tr xung d chu. Li cho ung bi 'o nhn tha kh thang' (o
nhn, i hong, Cam tho, Phc tiu, Qu chi ). Mt lc sau, ln cn rt rt d di ri st
nng, ra m hi, ni m sng, tay chn co git tng cn, mu hn theo m o ra, to nh
qu trng g, ra nh vy 6 ngy lin, khong hn 20 qu. Dng tip phng thuc trn
chng 2 tun lin khi".
Y n Mch KHN - Cp
(Trch trong 'Ni khoa hc ca Thng Hi').
"M X. Khm ln u: hnh th n lnh, s lnh, khp c th au mi, u gy cng au,
mun nn, tiu gt, tiu t, khng c m hi, ru li mng nht, mch Khn Cp. Cho ung
105

ngay bi 'Ct cn thang' ( Ct cn, Qu chi, Cc nha (sao), Bi lan, Hng x (sao), Ma
hong, Phc linh, Trn b, Bn h (ch), Sinh khng ).
Khm ln 2: Hm trc ung bi 'Ct cn thang', hi c m hi, u gy v xng au
nhc mi, cm gic mun nn cng ht, c th nng, u chong, ming kh, mun ung
nc, mch Huyn Sc, cht li , ru li vng mng. y l t kh Thi dng
gii, nhit dng minh ang hun t. Vn th lc khe, bnh khng n ni ko di. By
gi cho ung bi 'Qu chi thang', 'Bch h thang', mt mt thanh nhit Dng minh, mt
khc, dn cho sch t kh Thi dng. Cho dng: Qu chi 4g, Xch thc 12g, Ch xc 6g,
Thin hoa phn 12g, Trc nh (sao) 6g, Thch cao (sng) 12g, Cc nha (sao) 12g, Tinh du
tho 6g, Ct cnh 3g, L cn 20g, bnh khi".

MCH KHU
( - Hollow Pulse - Pouls Dicrote )
A- i cng
- Sch Ni kinh khng c mch Khu.
- Mch Khu ch bt u xut hin trong sch Kim qy.
- Cng gi l mch Khng ().
- L mt loi mch m.
B- Hnh tng mch Khu
- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Khu th Ph, i m
Nhuyn, n tay xung thy trong rng, 2 bn th thc".
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "Mch Khu l Ph i m Huyn Nhuyn".

106

- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Khu hnh tng ging nh l hnh, n nh, n
nng v n 2 bn u c, nhng n va va th trng rng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Khu th Ph, i m trong rng, trn
di, 2 bn u thy mch, ch bn trong l rng, nh ln cng hnh".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH KHU
- Sch 'Mch chn' biu th hnh v mch Khu:

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Khu

- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' gii thch :"Mch Khu... do mt mu, kh khng c ch quay v,
dng khng c ch nng ta".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi: "Mch Khu... cch chung l kh c tha m huyt khng ,
huyt khng nhip c kh, v vy mch kh h m i, ging nh cng hnh".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Do mt mu qu nhiu hoc do m huyt
h bn trong, dng kh khng c ph tr m tn ra ngoi, v vy thy c mch Khu".
D- Mch Khu ch bnh
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Khu l doanh kh b tn thng".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi: "Mch Khu l triu chng mt mu... B thn ( tri) Khu ch
v Tm huyt b vng hnh, i ra mu, chy mu mi. B quan (tri) Khu ch au gian
sn hoc huyt trong bng, i ra mu, hoa mt. B xch (tri) Khu l tiu ra mu, n b
th bnh v kinh nguyt. B thn (phi ) Khu l huyt b tch ngc, chy mu mi. B quan
(phi) Khu l trng ung, huyt, nn ra mu, khng n c. B xch (phi ) Khu l i
tin ra mu".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Khu ch mu b mt (tht huyt ), m
dch b thng tn".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Khu thy cc chng mt mu ( th huyt, nc
huyt [chy mu mi], bng huyt, lu huyt...)".
107

- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Khu ch mt mu, nn ra mu, chy mu mi, i
tin ra mu, bng huyt, huyt ".
T Thn KHU

Hu Thn KHU

Ha vng, huyt tn.

T Quan KHU

Ph huyt thng m.
Hu Quan KHU

Can khng tng huyt.

T Xch KHU

T khng thng huyt.

Hu Xch KHU

Tiu ra mu.

Di tinh, bng lu.

E- Mch Khu kim mch bnh

- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Hi: C ngi bnh pht run ri ra m
hi, li nhn m gii l ti sao? p rng: Mch Ph m Khn, n tay xung li Khu l
chnh kh h v vy m pht run, thy mch Ph tt s ra m hi m gii. Nu mch Ph m
Sc, n tay khng thy Khu l chnh kh khng h, v vy, nu sp gii th ch ra m hi m
khng thy run".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch phu dng Ph m Khu. Ph l
v kh b tn thng. Khu l doanh kh b tn thng".
- Chng 'Kinh thp yt mch chng tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Thi dng trng th, pht
st, s lnh, c th nng, au, thy mch Huyn, T, Khu, Tr".
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao mch chng tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Cc chng di tinh m
bng di cng tc, u m, lnh, hoa mt, tc rng, mch cc H, Khu, Tr l i tin
lng, mt mu di tinh". - "Thy mch Khu, ng, Vi, Khn : n ng th di tinh, n b th
mng thy giao hp".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi:
Mch b thn Khu: phin mun, huyt t ngc.
B quan Khu: trng ung.
B xch Khu: Thn b h hn, tiu gt, tiu ra mu, m.
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:

Mch Khu m Ph l kh huyt u b thng tn.

Khu m Sc l m h.
Khu, H, Nhuyn l huyt b vong, tinh b mt.
Khu, Kt, Xc l dng h hip m, huyt ni kt.
Khu, Tr l mu b mt, chnh kh h, nng trong.
108

F- Mch Khu v u tr
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tng tm lnh) ghi:

Mch b thn Khu: phin mun, huyt t ngc, cho ung bi 'T vt thang' b
Xuyn khung, thm n b, Lin nhc ( ng quy, Bch thc, Thc a, n b, Lin
nhc)
Mch b quan Khu: trng ung, cho ung bi 'o hng t vt thang' ( Quy v, Xch
thc, Xuyn khung, Thc a, Hng hoa, o nhn).
Mch b xch Khu: Thn b h hn, tiu gt, tiu ra m mu, cho ung bi 'T linh tn'
(Phc linh, Tr linh, Bch trut, Trch t).

- Mc 'Hiu nh Tn H mch hc' ( ch Nan kinh mch quyt) ghi:

Mch Khng, cch chung dng bi 'Chi t thang gia gim' hoc dng bi 'Tr linh thang' (Tr
linh, Phc linh, Trch t, Hot thch, A giao) hoc bi 'T hong tn' ( Phng phong, Chi t,
Thch cao, Hng nhu, Cam tho).
Mch b thn Khng dng bi 'T gic a hong hon' ( Sinh a, Hong cm,
Hong lin, T gic, i hong).
Mch b quan Khng dng bi ' ng hon' ( i hong, Mang trng, Thy
it).
Mch b xch Khng dng bi 'o nhn tha kh thang' ( o nhn, i hong,
Cam tho, Qu).
G- Mch Khu qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Ngoi khoa tinh ngha' ghi: "Cc chng ung nht m thy mch Khu, nu v m
th d cha, v mch tng ng vi bnh".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi: "Trc i sau T l b thot huyt, khng phi mch Khu th
l g ?"
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "... Phm huyt thot th mch Khu, ring mt b li Huyn
hoc kim Kt, Sc, Sp, tr, l dng kh khng n. Li kim m t l huyt , ngng
kt. V vy khi thy mch Khu th phi xem xt 1 hoc 2 b, 1 tay hoc 2 tay, cng
b cho ng cch".
- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "Mch Khu tuy l mch dng nhng l dng thc m
khng c gc l i h".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch ly huyt lm hnh, mch Khu rng trong l du
hiu (tng) ca huyt b thot, cc chng mt mu hoc ph n sau khi sinh hay gp mch
ny - Nu trong mch Khu m thy nh c 1 si dy nh cng hoc trong 3 b thn, quan,
xch c 1 b i m bt ln ngn tay, hoc mch kh qua li thy i, Tiu khng u, l
109

trong h c km thc. Khi cha tr phi xt mc h, thc, nng, nh th no th x l mi

thch hp".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Khu, nu thy ch mt b Huyn
hoc kim Sc th c th c km theo huyt , l hin tng trong h c thc".
Bi Ca Mch KHU (m Trong Dng) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Khu hnh xem ta cng hnh,
Hai bn thy c gia rnh rng khng.
Ha phm dng kinh huyt xung,
Nhit vo m, di rng rng mu ra.
Tng loi: Mch Khu ph i m tr,
gia trng rng y th ch qun.
Cch l Khu li i huyn,
Khu ch tht huyt, Cch bn huyt h.
Ch bnh: Thn khu tch huyt lng,
Quan Khu ch bnh trng cng v ung.
Xch Khu tht huyt rng rng,
L, lm, lu h, bng trung phi tng.
Bi Ca Mch KHU (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch Khu phi nhn cho tinh,
Dng nh l hnh trong rng c chi.
Mc ph, trm thy mch ny,
Mc trung tm mch thy g na u.
Ch bnh: Mch Khu s ch bnh g,
y chng tht huyt phng khi no tm.
T thn tht huyt thuc tm,
110

Hu thn tht huyt ph m thng ri.

T quan can huyt khng tng,
T huyt khng vng r rng hu quan.
T xch l huyt chng an,
Hu xch tinh lu, ho cng bc ln.
H- CC Y N MCH KHU
Y n Mch Hi Huyn M KHU
(Trch trong 'Tc danh y loi n')
"Chu an Kh cha mt ngi bnh v mt nhc m pht st. C thy thuc cho ung bi
'Tiu si h thang', 'Hong lin gii c thang' v 'Bch h thang', nhng bnh khng bt m
li thy m nghch ln, mt , trn ngc ln, c th nng d di. Su b mch u Hng
Sc, p 7-8 ch, tay tri hi Huyn m Khu, n tay xung th rng h. Chu an Kh cho l
do trung kh khng , ni thng cc vt hn (lnh) lng (mt), v vy b ni thng pht
nng, li thm ung qu nhiu thuc kh (ng) hn (lnh) v vy gy ra chng m thnh
cch dng. Cho ung bi 'B trung ch kh thang' ( Hong k, Nhn sm, Bch trut, ng
quy, Si h, Thng ma, Chch tho, Trn b, Sinh khng, i to ) thm Ph t. Ung 2
thang th khi bnh".

MCH LAO
( - Confined Pulse - Pouls Laborieux - Hidden - Excessive Pulse)
A- i cng

111

- Sch 'Thin kim dc' ghi: "n tay thy mch kh thc mnh, ging nh Trm, ging nh
Phc gi l Lao".
- Sch ' ch Nan kinh mch quyt' ghi: "n tay thy rt cng gi l mch Lao".
- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi: "Lao l vng bn".
B- Hnh tng mch Lao
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "Mch Lao l Huyn, i
m Trng, nhc tay thy gim, n xung th thc mnh".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi : "Mch Lao, cng, bn cht, Trm m c lc, chuyn ng m
khng thay i".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Lao... ln m Huyn, Thc, n nng xung mi
thy, n nh hoc n va u khng thy ".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Lao, n su thy Thc, i, Huyn,
Trng".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Lao ging nh mch
Huyn, cng n nng tay li cng chc".

HNH V BIU DIN MCH LAO

- Sch 'Mch chn' biu din hnh v mch Lao:

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Lao

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Do bnh kh kt t lu ngy, m hn tch
ng gy ra mch Lao".
112

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' ghi : Mch Lao pht sinh do kh b kt lu ngy, m hn tch
bn trong, dng kh b trm xung di v vy m mch mi Trm m Thc, i, Huyn,
Trng, cng, khng x dch".
D- Mch Lao ch bnh
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh tr nghi' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch b quan Lao l kh
ca T V b b tc". -"Mch b xch Lao l bng y".
- Chng 'Bnh k kinh bt mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch b xch v thn u Lao, thng
ln thng xung, l mch Xung b bnh, trong ngc c hn, l chng sn vy".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Lao l hn l c tha, ngc bng lnh au, Mc khc
T, l sn kh, trng h".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Mch Lao ch cc bnh thuc m hn, kin tch".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Lao ch v y (trng)".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Lao ch m hn thc trong, sn kh,
trng h".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Lao ch 5 chng tch, hn nhit ngng kt, ngc
bng au, sn kh, trng h, kinh phong".
T Thn LAO

Hu Thn LAO

Chng phc lng.

T Quan LAO

Chng tc phn.
Hu Quan LAO

Huyt b tch t.
T Xch LAO

Chng b tch.
Hu Xch LAO

Chng bn n.

Chng sn kh, trng h.

- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi:

Thn
Quan
Xch

Mch Lao
Ho, ko suyn.
Bng au, tit t do hn
t phm V.
Sn kh.

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' ghi : "Mch Lao gp trong cc bnh ng mch b x cng :
thn vim mn tnh, ng mch x cng, huyt p cao lu ngy".
113

- Sch 'Trung Hoa mch hc nghin cu' ghi : "ng mch x cng nh thn vim mn...
thy xut hin mch Lao".
E- Mch Lao kim mch bnh
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
Lao m cng th hn thy nh tr.
Lao m Tr l lnh lu ngy.
Lao m Sc l nhit tch.
F- Mch Lao qua cc li bn
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "Mch Lao l Huyn, i
m Trng, nhc tay thy gim, n xung th tht mnh, ging nh mch Thc v Hot l
mch i ti lui, khng ging nh mch Phc l mch n np m Sp, rt. Mch Cch th n
tay thy rng trong v Ha Thc Vi ni: Mch Lao l bnh c kt, cc chng h hon ton
khng thy mch ny, ch c nhng chng thn kinh, co qup, h sn, bo ngc, kin tch,
phc trong mi thy mch Lao. Mch Lao l bnh c kt, kin thc m su bn trong, v
kh suy kit, cng th u kh, v vy, gp mch ny l bnh nng kh cha".
- Chng 'Mch m dng loi thnh' (Chn gia khu yu) ghi: "Lao l cng, thc, l mch
Trm m c lc, ng m khng chuyn l l thc, biu h, trong ngc kh nghch l lao
thng. i khi l mch gn ging nh khng c v kh, v vy cc y gia u cho mch ny
l nguy him. Cng ch v au trong xng, kh biu".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Cc chng m h, mt mu m thy mch Lao u rt ng
s".
- Sch 'Mch quyt' ghi : " Cc y gia lun v mch Lao ln xn khng r, v vy ngi i sau
u b qun".
- Sch "Thi Th mch quyt' bn v mch Cch v mch Lao ghi : "Cc Trm l mch Phc,
c lc l mch Lao, mch Thc, i, Huyn, Trng".
- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi: "Nhng ngi mc bnh mt mu, ho lu ngy, thy mch
Lao th kh cha". -"Mch Lao i ging mch Trm nhng khc ch nn thy mch cng
thng".
Bi ca Mch LAO (Dng trong m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Lao th thc Huyn th trng,
Tng loi: Ta Trm ta Phc y thng ch qun.
114

Cch kim khn hng ph ln,

Cch h lao thc phi nn r rng.
Ch bnh: Mch lao l (phn) c thc hn,
Bng au lnh y mc can phm t.
Trng h i sn lo chi,
m h tht huyt y th nn king.
Bi ca Mch LAO (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch Lao ta cng phi hay,
Vi huyn, thc, i mch nay ch lm.
Mch thng thy mc trm,
Ph, trung hai mc c tm thy u.
Ch bnh: Mch Lao ch bnh phi tng,
Lao ch kim tch, bnh thng trong.
T thn Lao ch phc lng,
Hu thn r rng ch bnh tc bn.
T quan huyt tch can,
Hu quan b tch m hn phi hay.
T xch bn n chng ny,
Hu xch hn sn, au nay au nhiu.
MCH NHU
( - Soggy (Soft) Pulse - Pouls Mou)
A- i cng
- Sch 'Ni kinh T Vn' ch ni n mch Nhuyn () khng thy ni n mch Nhu
() hoc mch Nhuyn ( ).
115

- Trng Sn Li, trong b 'Mch hc chnh ngha' cho l ch Nhuyn bin thnh ch Nhu l
do ngi Hn t ch L m ra.
- Sch 'Mch kinh' gi l Nhuyn.
- Sch 'T chn quyt vi' ghi: "Ch Nhu v ngha cng nh ch Nhuyn, v vy mch
Nhuyn tc l mch Nhu".
- Thuc loi mch m.
- Sch 'Thin kim dc' ghi: "n tay nh khng c, nhc tay ln th c tha hoc nh o gm
trong nc, tay nh ln tht th thy ngay m mm, gi l mch Nhu".
B- Hnh tng mch Nhu
- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Nhuyn th rt mm m
Ph - T".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Nhu i ph m rt nh, rt mm, nh tay th thy
ngay, n nng tay th khng thy".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Nhu i ph, nh m mm".

HNH V BIU DIN MCH NHU

- Sch 'Mch chn' ghi li hnh v mch Nhu nh sau :

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Nhu

- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "Nhu l v kh khng ".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Nhu l do kh huyt khng hoc do thp
kh ln lm nghn dng mch gy ra".
116

D- Mch Nhu ch bnh

- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch b thn khu m Nhuyn l
vong huyt".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh tr nghi' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu Nhu l
dng kh suy yu, t ra m hi, h tn. Mch b quan Nhu l T kh suy yu h lnh, mt
rn. Mch b xch m Nhu th tiu kh".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch b thn Nhu: m hi t ra ( t hn), dng h. Mch
b quan Nhu: kh b h. B xch Nhu: tinh huyt b tn thng, h hn".
- Sch 'Mch ng ' ghi: "Mch Nhu l thp trung tiu, m hi t ra, lnh, chng t. B thn
Nhu l dng h. B quan Nhu l trung kh b h. B xch Nhu l thp nhiu, tiu chy".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Nhu thy chng m h, Thn h, ty b kit, tinh
b tn thng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Nhu ch v mi chng h, v thp".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
T Thn NHU

Hu Thn NHU

Hi hp, hay qun.

T Quan NHU

Kh b h, m hi t ra.
Hu Quan NHU

Huyt khng nui gn.

T Xch NHU

T h, thp tim.
Hu Xch NHU

Tinh huyt khng .

Mnh mn ha suy.

E- Mch Nhu kim mch bnh

- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch Tm, nu Nhuyn m Tn th s sinh ra
chng tiu kht, trong vng 10 ngy s khi. Mch Ph... nu Nhuyn m Tn th m hi ra
nhiu. Mch Can... nu Nhuyn m Tn, sc mt bng nhun l chng 'Dt m', do khi
kht m ung qu nhiu nc, nc trn ra b phu, trng v. Mch T... nu Nhuyn m
Tn, sc mt khng bng, u gi tr xung s b sng ph nh c nc. Mch Thn... nu
Nhuyn m Tn l bnh thiu mu, kh lng hi phc".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Can bnh m thy mch Nhu Nhc th
s khi".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
117

 Mch Nhuyn m Huyn l chng mt, hoa mt, ngn tay t.

Nhuyn m T l T h, thp tim.
Nhuyn m Sp l vong huyt.
Nhuyn m Ph l phn v, dng h.
Nhuyn m Trm, Tiu l Thn h, di tinh.
G- Mch Nhu qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi: 'Mch Nhu ph, mm, ging vi mch H, nhng H th hnh
tng ca mch to, cn Nhu th li nh. Mch Nhu T nh ging nh mch Nhc nhng
mch Nhc th v tr su (Trm) cn Nhu th phn trn (ph). Mch Nhu khng n th
ging vi mch Tn nhng Tn l t Ph i bin dn thnh Trm m Tuyt, cn Nhu th t
Ph Tiu bin dn thnh khng thy... Bnh lu ngy, ngi ln tui m thy mch Nhu th
cng cha sao v l mch hp vi chng. Nu ngi bnh thng, tr tui, sc mnh hoc b
bo bnh m thy mch Nhu l mch khng gc, th ngy cht khng cn xa".
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "... Ngi bnh thng suy
nhc, mch tuy thy Nhu, Nhuyn, thiu sc nhng cn i n, i b c, khng ging
nh chng m h thot huyt, mch ch thun thy T Sc m Huyn, cng, cu c Nhu,
Nhc cng kh".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Xt ngha ch Nhuyn th bit rng mch ny n tay th
thiu sc, kh th st km, cha hn l n tay thy nh khng c".

Bi Ca Mch NHU (m) (Tn H mch hc)

Th trng: Mch Nhu ph t l nhng,
Si bng mt nc thng thng mm thay.
Bnh ri, hoc bn cn may,
Ngi thng mch y thc ry khn nguy.
Tng loi: Nhu th ph t mm thay,
Nhc th trm t khc ry mch Nhu.
Vi th ph t pht ph,
118

T th trm t ta h si t.
Ch bnh: Nhu th vong huyt m suy,
an in, ty hi ngm vi ht ri,
m nng hm, lm m hi,
Huyt bng, thp kh xm ni th t.
Thn Nhu : t hn dng h,
Quan Nhu th thuc kh h r rng.
Xch thng tinh huyt, h hn
Mun cho khi bnh phi bn b m.
Bi Ca Mch NHU (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Li xem th trng mch Nhu,
Rt mm m nh, mc ph phi hay.
Nh tay th s thy ngay,
H m ta n nng tay mt ln.
Ch bnh: Mch h ch bnh ni qua,
m h, ty kit cng l tinh thng.
T thn qun nhng s sng,
Hu thn t hn r rng dng h.
T quan huyt km gn kh.
Hu quan c thp kh v hi t.
T xch Nhu tinh huyt khuy.
Hu xch ha bi, n k t vong.
H- Cc Y n Mch Nhu
Y n Mch NHU - T
119

(Trch trong 'i lu y n')

"C ngi b hoa mt chng mt lu nm, thng pht bnh lc tit tri m thp. Chn
mch thy Nhu T, ru li trng nhn. V chng ny th ngi xa u cn c vo Ni
kinh c ghi: "Cc chng phong, chng mt u thuc v Can" nn nguyn nhn l do phong
dng nghch ln. Khi cha phi phn bit thm l kim ha hoc c kim m m thi. Nay
xt mch chng th thy chng ny l do thp b ut, dn ln trn ( thp ut thng phim)
kim thm m trc tr ngi gy ra. Chng ny ngi xa cha bn n m lm sng cng
t gp. Cch cha l 'Tn hng vn trung' ( dng v thuc cay, thm lm cho trung kh
chuyn vn) ha thp, ha m. Cho ung Bn h (ch) 4g, Tho qu (nng) 1,2g, T
t (sao) 6g, Tuyn phc hoa (b) 4g, Bch gii t 2,8g, Xch linh 12g, Tiu mc 2g.
Khm li ln th 2: ht hoa mt, chng mt, li cn trng, mch Nhu, tiu chy. Nu c cu
n theo php ca c xa: "Ngi mp hoc ngi ung ru nhiu hoc thch ung tr lnh
th thp nh tr" ri cho dng thuc t ging th chng sai sao? Vn dng phng thuc c
gia gim, ch yu cha Thi m v Dng minh. Cho ung Mao trut 4g, Tho qu
(nng) 2g, Bn h (ch) 6g, Bch trut (sao t) 6g, Bi lan ( l) 2g, Hoc hng 6g, Trn
b 4g, Thng tho 4g. Bnh khi".

Y n Mch NHU
(Trch trong 'Ni khoa hc ca Thng Hi')
"Th X, n, 31 tui.
Khm ln u: trc y 5 ngy, bng nhin b au trng vng bng di km theo tiu
nhiu ln v tiu gp, bi tit nc tiu nng rt v but, au nc tiu sc vng, c vn c,
mt ngy i tiu hn 20 ln, khi tiu, c cm gic nh mt lung au but t vng rn lan
n ng tiu, lng khng au.
Xt nghim: nhit c th 370C, tnh to, dinh dng pht dc bnh thng, ru li trng
mng, nht dnh, u li c gai , mch Nhu. Vng tim, phi bnh thng, bng mm,
gia bng di c vng n au r (cu bng quang cng au), g vng thn thy au, nc
tiu sc vng, c, c t trng trng trng, bch cu 4 (+), hng cu 2 (+), cy nc tiu thy
c trc khun i trng.
Chn on: Chng nhit lm (bng quang vim cp).
Cho dng: Sinh a 16g, C mch 12g, Xa tin t 12g, Sn chi 12g, Hong b 12g, Mc
thng 8g, Bin sc 12g, Hot thch 12g, Cam tho 6g, H phch 3g, ng tm 4g.
Khm ln 2: Sau khi ung 2 thang, tiu ht au, but, s ln tiu t hn 20 ln gim xung
cn hn 10 ln, n vo vng bng di ch hi thy au nh. Nc tiu sc vng, trong, ht
albumin, bch cu cn vt, hng cu m tnh. Tip tc cho ung nh thang c.
120

Khm ln 3: Sau khi ung 3 thang na, ht hn au trng v vng bng di n khng cn
au na, s ln tiu tr li bnh thng. Xt nghim nc tiu cng bnh thng".

MCH NHC
( - Frail Pulse - Pouls Faible)
A- i cng
- Nhc l yu t.
- Sch 'Thin kim dc' ghi: "n tay mi thy, nhc ln th khng, Nhu m T, gi l Nhc.
Mch Nhc thuc m".
-Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi : "Ph m T gi l Nhu, Trm T m mm gi l Nhc".
B- Hnh tng mch Nhc
- Chng "Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Nhc th cc Nhuyn
m Trm, T, n tay thy mun tuyt".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi : "Mch Nhc th T, Tiu, thy Trm, nhc tay ln th
khng thy, n tay xung mi thy".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi : "Mch Nhc, khng mnh, cc Trm, T m mm".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Nhc... T, Tiu m Trm, n nng tay th thy, n
nh tay nh khng c".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Nhc nh mm m chm su".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH NHC

C- Nguyn Nhn Gy Mch Nhc

121

- Chng 'Mch m dng loi thnh' (Chn gia khu yu) ghi: "Mch Nhc... l do tinh kh
khng , v vy kh suy yu khng nhc ln ni".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Nhc l m h m dng kh suy".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Mch Nhc l dng kh b hm, chn kh suy nhc".
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "Mch Nhc l triu chng ca dng kh suy yu".
-Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' ghi : "m huyt bt tc, khng khua ng c mch o,
dng suy, kh thiu, kh lm cho huyt lu thng, khin cho mch thy Trm T m mm,
sinh ra mch Nhc".
D- Mch Nhc ch bnh
- Thin 'Ngc c chn tng lun' (T vn 19) ghi: "Mch chn tng ca T hin ra Nhc m
lc nhanh (Sc) lc s, sc mt vng xanh, khng bng, lng tc rng l cht".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Cc mch Trm, Sp, Nhc, Huyn, Vi
l cc mch m... bnh thuc dng m thy mch m th cht. Nu mch b xch Nhc l
m khng , dng kh h hm vo m phn v vy m pht st. Mch dng Ph m
mch m Nhc l huyt h, huyt h th gn co rt".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch thn khu Nhc th pht st".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Tiu chy m c th
hi st li kht, mch Nhc s khi".
- Chng 'm m khi thu mch chng tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Ho nhiu nm m
thy mch Nhc th c th cha c".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh tr nghi' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu Nhc
l dng kh h, m hi t ra, ht hi. Mch b quan Nhc l V kh thiu. Mch b
xch Nhc l dng kh thiu, pht st, bt rt trong xng".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Nhc l h, hi hp".
- Chng 'Mch m dng loi thnh' (Chn gia khu yu) ghi: "B thn tay tri Nhc l
dng h, hi hp, m hi t ra. B quan bn tri Nhc l gn c teo, khng c sc, n
b th ch sinh xong b phong t xm nhp lm cho mch b sng. B xch tay tri Nhc l
Thn h, tai , au nhc trong xng, tiu gt. B thn tay phi Nhc th c th lnh, da
lnh, ngn hi. B xch (phi) Nhc l T V h, n khng tiu. B xch (phi) Nhc l h
tiu lnh au, i tin lng".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Nhc l m h m dng kh suy v vy s lnh, pht
st, au trong xng, gn c teo, thng ra m hi nhiu, tinh thn suy km... B thn
122

Nhc l dng h, b quan Nhc l T V suy yu, b xch Nhc l m h, dng kh b

hm".
- Chng 'Nh thp t mch ch bnh' (Tam nhn phng) ghi : "Mch Nhc ch h,
phong nhit, m hi t ra".
- Sch 'Mch quyt hi bin' (Q.3) ghi : "Mch Nhc ch dng b hm, chn kh suy
nhc".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Mch Nhc l dng kh b hm, chn kh suy nhc. B
thn (tri) Nhc l Tm h, trng ngc hi hp m hay qun. B quan (tri) Nhc l T
th h hn, thy cc khng tiu ha. B xch (tri) Nhc l m dch kh kit. B xch (phi)
Nhc l dng kh b hm".
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "Mch Nhc l triu chng ca dng kh suy vi".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Nhc thy chng dng kh b suy".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Nhc ch nguyn kh h yu, dng kh suy vi, di
tinh, h hn, huyt h, gn c bi, lnh lu nm, trng nhit".
T Thn NHC

Hu Thn NHC

Hi hp, hay qun.

T Quan NHC

T ra m hi, hi th ngn.
Hu Quan NHC

Gn c co rt.
T Xch NHC

Tiu chy.
Hu Xch NHC

m dch kh kit.

Dng kh b hm.

D- Mch Nhc kim mch bnh

- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Mch Tiu, Nhc m Sp l bnh
lu ngy".
- Thin 'Ngc c chn tng lun' (T vn 19) ghi: "Mch Nhc m Hot l c V kh, v vy
d cha".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Can bnh m thy mch Nhu, Nhc l
sp khi".
- Chng 'Trng phong lch tit mch chng tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch thn khu
Trm m Nhc, Trm ch v xng, Nhc ch v gn. Trm tc l Thn, Nhc tc l
Can. ang khi ra m hi m li tm nc lnh, hn thy hi Tm, cc khp au, ra m hi
123

mu vng vng gi l Lch tit phong" - "Thiu m mch Ph m Nhc, Nhc l huyt
khng , Ph l do phong, phong huyt tng bc v vy cc khp au nh b co ko".
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao mch chng tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "n ng mch Ph,
Nhc m Sp th khng c con, tinh kh trong m lng". - "n ng bnh thng m mch
li H, Nhc, T,Vi th thng ra m hi trm".
- Chng 'Ng tng phong hn mch chng tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch chn tng ca
Ph hin ra th Ph m H, n tay xung thy Nhc, mm rng nh cng hnh, di
khng c gc th cht". - "Mch chn tng ca Can hin ra th Ph m Nhc, n tay xung
thy nh dy t, khng n hoc cong nh rn b th cht".
- Chng 'Kinh qy th nc mch chng tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch thn khu ng
m Nhc. ng th kinh s, Nhc th hi hp". - "Ngi bnh mt khng c huyt sc,
khng nng lnh mch Ph, Nhc, n tay thy tuyt th i tin ra mu".
- Chng 'Ph nhn sn hu mch chng tr' (Kim qu yu lc)ghi: "Sn ph b chng mt,
chong vng, mch Vi, Nhc, nn ma khng n c, i tin cng, u ra m hi, l
do huyt b h".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Tiu Nhc l chng phn v (n vo
l nn ra)".
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "Mch thn khu m Nhc, Tr l y h, khng n
c. Mch thn khu Nhc m Hon th n khng xung, kh b nghn ngc". - "Cc
chng h hoc chng huyt m thy mch Nhc kim Sp l kh v huyt u h".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:

Mch Nhc

Phi hp
Ph
Sp
T
Trm Sp
Huyn T
Nhuyn

Ch bnh
Hn biu hoc kh b h.
Huyt h.
m h.
Di tinh (nam), bng lu (n).
Huyt h, gn teo.
M hi t ra.

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc' ghi : "Nhc Sp ch huyt h, Nhc m Hot ch V kh

suy, Nhc m Vi ch dng kh suy, Nhc m Sc ch di tinh , bng huyt".
E- Mch Nhc v u tr
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi dng bnh,
pht st, s lnh, nng nhiu lnh t, mch vi Nhc l v dng, v vy, khng th pht
hn, cho ung bi 'Qu chi nh vit t nht thang' ( Qu chi, Thc dc, Ma hong, Cam
tho, i to, Sinh khng, Thch cao)". - "Thi dng bnh, ngoi chng cha gii, mch
124

Ph Nhc th dng php pht hn gii, cho ung bi 'Qu chi thang' ( Qu chi, Thc
dc, Cam tho, Sinh khng, i to)". - "Thi dng trng phong, mch Ph Khn, pht
st, s lnh, c th au nhc, khng ra m hi m li phin to, cho ung bi 'i thanh long
thang' ( Ma hong, Qu chi, Hnh nhn, Thch cao, Chch tho). Nu thy mch Nhc, Vi,
ra m hi m khng s gi th khng th ung bi trn ( i thanh long thang), nu ung s
sinh ra chng quyt nghch, gn tht my git, l nghch chng". - "Mc bnh 6-7 ngy
m mch Tr, Nhc, Ph s gi, s lnh, tay chn m dng php h 2-3 ln m vn
khng n c, di 2 bn sn li y au, mt, mt v c th u vng, c gy cng
au, tiu kh. Cho ung bi 'i si h thang' ( Si h, Bn h, Thc dc, Hong cm,
Sinh khng, Ch thc, i to ). Thi dng bnh m b thn Hon, b quan Ph, b xch
Nhc, pht st, ra m hi m s lnh, khng i, v qun y tc, l do thy thuc dng
php H m ra".
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mc bnh 2-3
ngy, mch Nhc m khng c biu hin ca Thi dng Si h chng, phin to, v qun
y cng, 4-5 ngy sau, tuy n c th cng cho ung bi 'Tiu tha kh thang' ( i hong,
Hu phc, Ch thc) nhng gim bt lng thuc".
- Chng 'Bin thi m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi m bnh, mch
Nhc, i tin lng, nu c thm v i hong th phi gim bt liu lng v V kh ca
ngi bnh suy yu nn d b ng".
- Chng 'Bin thiu m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thiu m bnh, mch
Vi th khng th pht hn v s lm cho vong dng. Dng h m mch b xch li
Nhc, Sp th khng th dng php h".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Nn ma m mch
Nhc, tiu thng li, c th hi nng, li thy quyt nghch th kh cha. Cho ung bi 'T
nghch thang' ( Si h, Ch thc, Thc dc, Cam tho)".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh tr nghi' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch b quan Nhc l
V kh b h... chm b huyt V (Trung) qun (Nhm 12 )". - 'Mch b xch Nhc l dng
kh thiu, pht st, phin nhit trong xng... chm b huyt Quan nguyn (Nhm 4)".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Nhc l triu chng dng kh suy, v vy s lnh,
pht st, au trong xng, gn teo, thng hi hp v ra m hi nhiu, tinh thn suy km,
cch cha phi gp dng cch ch kh iu vinh".
- Sch 'Thin kim dc' ghi: "Mch Nhc l triu chng dng kh b suy, cch cha phi
nn n, nn b".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch t thn thy Nhc l
Tm kh b h. Mch hu thn thy Nhc l dng h. Cho dng bi 'Ng b hon' ( Bch
phc linh, a ct b, Ngu tt, Nhn sm, Thc a) hoc bi 'T nghch thang' (Ph t,
Chch tho, Can khng). Mch t quan thy Nhc l Can kh b h, mch hu quan thy
Nhc l kh h tn mc, nn dng bi 'Bnh v tn' (Thng trut, Hu phc, Trn b, Cam
125

tho) hoc bi 'ch hong tn' ( Trn b, inh hng, Kha t, Thanh b, Chch tho). Mch t
xch thy Nhc l Thn kh trong b ht, dng chy tn lon, mch hu xch thy Nhc
l dng thnh m h tuyt, au but ngoi da, do mch Tam tiu ch cn dng l loi,
khng gi c mt mnh nn thot khi v tr, trng hp ny, khng th cha c".
G- Mch Nhc qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "Mch Nhc l triu chng ca dng kh suy vi, v n
nh tay l xem v phn dng, nay n nh tay th thy nh khng c v vy bit r l
dng b suy. Do mi ni l mch Nhc thuc m. Nu thy cc kinh dng th cng
l dng kh suy. Kinh ni: "Mch thn khu Nhc m Tr l y h, khng n ung
c. Mch thn khu Nhc m Hon th n khng xung, kh b nghn ngc." Hai cu
trn, mt thuc v V b hn, mt thuc T h, v vy u ch v n ung. Li ni rng Thi
dng trng th, c th nng m mch li Vi Nhc, cho thy rng mch Nhc l v
dng v th, khng th no l thc nhit. Ch nn phn bit l chn dng h hoc v kh
h. Mch Nhc thy cc kinh m th tuy l mch hp chng nhng dng kh cng
qu suy vi, nukhng n i b th kh m vn hi".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Cc chng h lao, huyt t, ho lu ngy, mt mu, n
b mi sinh, ngi gi kh huyt suy nhc th thng thy mch Nhc, Vi, nhng cng
cn Nhc m ha hon th mi l mch c V kh. Nu tui tr, b bo bnh m thy mch
Nhc l nghch, kh cha".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Nhc v mch Nhu cng 1 loi.
Mch Nhu nh mm m Ph, mch Nhc nh mm m Trm. Bnh mi khi, chnh kh h,
thy mch ny l thun. Bnh mi mc phi, t kh ang thnh m thy mch ny l nghch".
Bi Ca Mch NHC (m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Nhc khng lc n mm tay.
Trm m nhu t thc ry phi suy.
Dng vo m, tinh huyt suy,
Gi th cn th... tr th ng lo.
Tng loi: Nhu th ph t mm thay,
Nhc th trm t khc ry mch Nhu.
Ch bnh: Mch Nhc m h dng suy,
S lnh pht st, cn nuy r ri.
Hay s st nhiu m hi,
126

iu dinh b kh liu ng cha ngay.

Thn Nhc dng h ng chi,
Quan Nhc v yu t suy r rng.
Xch Nhc ta li phi tng,
m h bi c t dng hm vo.
Bi ca Mch NHC (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch nhc thc yu t thay,
Cc mm, nh b m nay li trm.
K cng nhn xt ko lm,
Nng tay mi thy, nh tm c u.
Ch bnh: Mch Nhc ch bnh phi tng,
Dng hm thng thng chn kh suy vi.
T thn nhc tm h suy,
Thng khi qun nhng thng khi s sng.
Hu thn ph h r rng,
hay on kh li trn m hi.
T quan Nhc mc kh ri,
Qup co, huyt km khng bi dng gn.
Hu quan t lnh h chn,
Cho nn thy cc c phn km tiu.
T xch thy km di do,
Hu xch dng hm vo phn m.
H- Y n Mch NHC
Y n Mch NHC T
127

(Trch trong 'Ni khoa hc ca Thng Hi')

"Thin XX, 50 tui.
Khm ln u: Mt v chn ph thng, vai lng au mi, sau khi n vo, i tin lng ra thc
n khng tiu ha, tiu nhiu, lng nc tiu t, chng mt, hoa mt, thng b gai rt, chn
t but, ra m hi trm, n km, mt mi cc , khng i ng c mt mnh, gy m,
khip nhc, mt ph, tinh thn suy sp, ting ni nh, mch Nhc, T cht li , bu,
khng c ru. Bnh 2 nm, cha nhiu nhng khng c kt qu, T v Thn u h,
dng kh, m huyt u hao tn, thuc loi hao tn.
iu tr ch yu phi n dng, ch kh, kin T, lm mnh ( kin) trung tiu, c biu lim
m hi, h tr thm li thp, tiu thng. Cho dng: Hong k (chch) 16g, Ba kch 12g, Bch
trut (sao) 12g, Mu l (nung) 40g, Ng v t 6g, ng sm 12g, Phc linh 16g, Th ty t
12g, Ph tiu mch 24g, thm 'Bt v ph qu hon' 16g.
Khm ln 2: Sau khi ung thuc, tinh thn phn chn hn nhng cc chng trng cha
chuyn bin r, bnh ny thuc v h tn, c th khng c hiu qu nhanh. Mnh mn ha
suy l cc gc lm cho T dng khng mnh. i dng cch cha n Thn kin T. Cho
dng: Hong k (chch) 16g, Mc hng 4g, Sn dc 12g, ng sm 12g, Sa nhn 4g,
Bch trut 12g, Phc linh 12g, Ng v t 6g, Lu hong (ch) 2g, Chch tho 4g, Bin u
(sao) 16g.
Khm ln 3: Ha ca Mnh mn gip cho s tiu ha ca T V, khng nhng gim bt s
ln i tin m i tin ra nguyn thc n gi chuyn sang thnh nho, mt v chn cng
bt ph nhng cn km n, sau khi n th bng y, cn ra m hi v mt mi, tiu khng
li... Bnh c du hiu bt, ch do chnh kh b h nn kh m phc hi nhanh c. Dng
nguyn php c, c gia gim linh hot. Dng n thuc c, b Mc hng, Ng v t, thm
Lc khc (sao chy) 12g, Xa tin t 16g. Bnh khi".
Y n Mch NHC T
( Trch trong 'Lm chng y n bt k ' )
" Ngi n b h Khang, tui qu 40, kinh nguyt n trc k, ko di khng dt. n t, c
th gy m, lng mi, bng y trng, mch Nhc, Tr, T. Do lo ngh qu lm tn thng
n Tm, T, kh huyt h hn lm cho khng c nhip c huyt nn kinh nguyt n sm
khng ng k. Cho dng bi 'Quy t thang' ( Bch trut, Bch linh, Hong k, Nhn sm,
Mc hng, Vin ch, Cam tho, ng quy, Long nhn, Toan to nhn ), thm Trng,
Tc on, Ng v t, Thc Ph t b Tm T. Ung lin tc 1 thi gian, bnh khi. Nu tr
theo chng huyt nhit th c th b lm ln lm cho kh huyt b h tn".
Y n 3 B Mch Tay Phi u Trm NHC V Lc
(Trch trong 'Danh y loi n')

128

"Giang ng Tc cha cho mt em b 9 tui. Bng nhin thy chn tay co git, li rt li m
si bt mp, sc mt trng bch, mi xanh tm. C thy thuc cho l kinh phong, ngi khc
cho l do phong, ha, m, nn ung Chu sa, T gic, Kim bc, Thch hc, Ngu hong,
H phch, Ng cng, Ton yt... bnh khng bt m li cn nng hn. Ti n xem mch
thy tay phi 3 b mch u Trm Nhc m v lc. y l do T h sinh phong, phi i
b. Cho ung 'Quy t thang' ( Bch trut, Bch linh, Hong k, Nhn sm, Mc hng, Vin
ch, Cam tho, ng quy, Long nhn, Toan To nhn ), thm Qu, Ph. Ht co git th b
bt Qu, Ph, cho ung i t Sm, K ri khi hn".

MCH PH
( - Floating Pulse - Pulse Superficiel)
A- i cng
- Ph l ni, mch lc no cng ni st da v vy gi l mch Ph.
- Thin 'Ngc c chn tng lun' (T vn 19) ghi: "Mch ma Thu tc l mch ca Ph, thuc
phng ty, mun vt nh ti k thu thnh, v vy khi n th nh, h m Ph, khi n th
gp, lc i th tan tc (tn), v vy gi l Ph".
- Thin 'Tuyn minh ng kh' (T vn 23) ghi: "Ph mch Mao, ng vi thi bnh l ma Thu,
tng l Ph, mch Ph Ph v vy mch Ph cng l mch Mao".
B- Mch tng ca Ph
- Nan th 18 (Nan kinh) ghi: "Mch Ph l mch i trn tht"
- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Ph nhc tay ln th c
d, n tay xung th khng ".
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "Mch Ph xung th hi
gim nhng khng rng, nhc ln th ni ph ln m i lu li".

129

- Quyn 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Ph l mch dng, n nh tay
th thy p u ngn tay rt r rng y , n nng tay th km hn".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Ph i ni ngoi mt da, n nh thy ng ngay
ngn tay".

HNH V BIU DIN MCH PH

- Sch ' ch Nan kinh mch quyt' v sch 'Tam ti hi' ghi li hnh v mch Ph nh
sau:

- Sch 'Mch chn' v nh sau:

- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' din t mch Ph nh sau: Lc t p lc rt nh

(ph th ) th thy ng cong ng mch ni ln nhiu, cng t thm p lc (trung v trm
th) thy hnh sng mch cng nh i.

- V hnh nh mch Ph, sch 'Trung y hc c s' m t: "ng cong ca mch Ph ln

nhanh v thng ti nh mch u sng p, u sng p cng ch nh ln 1 cht ch
khng nh cao, nhnh Catarot i xung cng rt chm, dc thoai thoi".
130

- Sch 'Kt hp YHCT vi YHH trong lm sng'

ghi: "T chn mch sng i nhanh v thng ti
nh mch ri i r ln trn 1 na thn mch, sut
thi gian tim y mu ra ngoi ng mch. iu
ny tng ng vi cch m t ca YHCT l lc
mi kh t u ngn tay ln ng mch quay
cm thy l ng ngay vo u sng mch v
mch p r u ngn tay ca thy thuc".
C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Ph
- Theo sch 'Mch chn', li ch gii ca ng
Dung Xuyn v mch Ph nh sau: "Lun v kh
phn ta c mch Ph, Trm, Khn, 3 mch ny u ly kh phn lm ch. Lung mch nm
trong cc mng m ca tu l... Nu V kh tng ra ngoi th lung mch s theo ra ngoi
(ph) thng ln... Tc l kh ngoi cm ang b phu, trong lc v kh bn trong b bc
bch nh ra ngoi lm cho lung mch b nh v ng ln thnh ra (mch) Ph nh mun
xut ra ngoi".
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "Ph l ng vi kinh lc, c
biu, do t kh xm nhp vo 3 kinh dng, bc bch mch kh ra ngoi, v vy tng mch
ni y ln (ph) di ngn tay".
- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' v sch ' Trung y bin chng lun tr ging ngha' cho
rng mch Ph pht sinh c th do:
Lng mu tim tng ra c tng ln.
Sc co bp ca thnh mch km.
- Sch 'Hong hn y hc' ghi: "Mch Ph l do sc ca huyt p y ra. Mch ny xut hin
vo thi k tim y mu ra".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' gii thch : "T kh xm nhp vo c biu, tu l,
v dng chng nhau vi ngoi t th mch kh biu hin ngoi ng vo trong m Ph".
- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "... m h huyt thiu, kh trung tiu h tn t sinh ra Ph
(v lc)".
- Sch 'Kt hp YHCT vi YHH trong lm sng' cng ghi nhn rng : "Mch Ph hin ln
trn (qua) my sut thi gian tng mu tm thu".
D- Mch Ph ch bnh
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Ph m tn l chng chng mt, i ng
khng vng. Cc mch Ph m ngi bnh khng nng ny u thuc v dng, l bnh
nhit".
131

- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi dng bnh th
mch Ph. Mch Ph l bnh phn biu".
- Mc 'Th nc bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch b xch Ph: mt
vng, chy mu mi".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh nghi tr' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu Ph l
trng phong, pht st, u au... Mch b quan Ph th bng y khng mun n... Mch b
xch Ph l nhit phong t di, tiu kh...". "Mch b quan hi Ph l nhit tch t V,
nn ra giun, hay qun".
- Mc 'Hiu chnh Tn H mch hc' ( ch Nan kinh mch quyt) ghi: "B thn m Ph l
u au, chng mt hoc phong m t ngc. B quan Ph l T suy, Can vng. B xch
Ph ( trung n) l tiu khng thng".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "B Tm ( t thn) Ph th thn
khng yn, ni cung, kinh s. B Can (t quan) Ph th t lit, co qup, tc ngc, c th
au nhc. B Thn ( t xch) Ph th i ra mu, lng au, rng au. Ph m v lc l c nht
u gi chn. B T (hu quan) Ph th b l, suyn, tiu chy, n km. B Ph (hu thn)
Ph th suyn, trng phong, mt nng, ph ung (p xe phi)".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Ph phn nhiu thy chng biu, phong t cn
bn ngoi. Nu nh mch Ph v lc th thuc v h chng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Ph ch chng biu, c lc l biu
thc, khng lc l biu h".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Ph ch bnh nhit, u au, gy cng, s lnh,
gi, ra m hi, mi nght, ho khan, kht nc, suyn, nn, b khi, phong thy, b thy, kh
nghch ln, huyt h".
T Thn PH

Hu Thn PH

Tm Dng bc ln, mt
ng, bun bc.

Thng phong, cm mo,

Ph kh nghch ln, suyn,
ho khan.
Hu Quan PH

T Quan PH
Can kh thng.

T kh trng, nn ma.
Xch PH

Thn kh khng , tht lng au, chng mt, tiu kh,

kinh nguyt khng u.
- Sch'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' ghi: "Bnh truyn nhim mi pht thng thy mch
Ph".
132

E- Mch Ph kim mch bnh

- Thin 'Th thung dung lun' (T vn 76) ghi: "Mch Ph m Huyn l Thn bt tc".
- Nan th 4 (Nan kinh) ghi: "Tm v Ph u Ph lm sao m phn bit? - Tha: Ph m
i, Tn l Tm bnh, Ph m on, Sp l Ph bnh".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch thn khu Ph m Khn. Ph l
phong, Khn l hn" - "Mch Ph m Hng, mnh m hi ra nh du, suyn, khng nut
nc ming c, c th mt cm gic, khi tnh khi lon, mch ging tuyt vy". - "Mch Ph
Tr, mt nng m run s, trong 6-7 ngy phi ra m hi m gii, nu khng s pht st m
mch cng Tr. Tr l v dng, v vy khng cho ra m hi c, thn mnh ngi bnh s
sinh ra nga".
- Chng 'Bin dng minh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Dng minh bnh,
mch Ph Khn th nng tng cn m pht tc c lc".
- Chng 'Bin thiu dng bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Thng hn lun) ghi: "Tam dng
cng bnh, mch Ph i, ch c mun nm ng, mt va nhm th ra m hi".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Kit l m mch
li Ph Sc b thn, xch th Sp, i tin t phi c mu m".
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "n ng thy
mch Ph Nhc m Sp th tinh kh trong, lng, v vy m khng c con c".
- Chng 'Phc mn bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch thn khu Ph
m i, n tay li thy Sp, nn bit l n khng tiu".
- Chng 'Sang ung bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Cc mch Ph Sc
th pht st, nu li s lnh m c ch au th phi pht ra mt nht".
- Chng 'Bin tam b cu hu mch chng' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Ph m i l trng
phong, u nng, mi nght" - "3 b mch Ph m Hon l b phu mt cm gic" - "Ph,
Hng, i, Trng l chng mt, in" - "Ph m Hot l n khng tiu, T khng vn ha" "Ph m T Hot l thng thc" - "Ph m on l Ph b tn thng".
- Mc 'Hiu chnh Tn H mch hc' ( ch Nan kinh mch quyt) ghi:
. Mch Ph Tr l trng phong.
. Ph Sc l phong nhit.
. Ph Hng l h nhit.
133

. Ph Khn l phong hn.

. Ph Tn l h lao.
. Ph H l thng th.
. Ph Khng l mt mu.
.Ph Hon l phong thp.
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
. Mch Ph Hon l phong.
. Ph Sc l nhit.
. Ph Khn l Hn.
. Ph Sp l thp.
. Ph Hot l m ha, n ung khng tiu.
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Mch Ph Sc l cm nhit nhng nu thy Ph Vi l
bnh sp ht v nhit t khng truyn sang kinh khc. Ph Tr l cm hn. Ph Khn l ngoi
cm thng hn. Ph i l bnh ang tin trin. Ph Hot l cm thp kh sinh ra nhiu
m nht. Ph Nhu l thng thp, kh huyt hao mn. Ph Huyn l b ngoi cm li km
kh huyt suy nhc".
F- Mch Ph v tr liu
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi dng trng
phong, mch dng Ph m m Nhc. Mch dng Ph l t pht st, mch m Nhc l
t ra m hi, s lnh, s gi, pht st, mi kh kh, o khan, cho ung bi 'Qu chi thang'
( Qu chi (tim), Bch thc, Sinh khng, i to, Cam tho). "Bnh Thi dng 10
ngy mch Ph T, ch thch nm l ngoi gii. Nu ngc y, sn au, cho ung bi
'Tiu si h thang' ( Si h, Nhn sm, Hong cm, Bn h, Chch tho, i to, Sinh
khng ). Thi dng trng phong m mch Ph Khn, pht st, s lnh, c th au, m hi
khng ra c m phin to, cho ung bi 'i thanh long thang' ( Ma hong, Hnh nhn,
Thch cao, Qu chi, Chch tho, Sinh khng, To). "Thng hn m mch Ph Hon, c
th nng n, khng au, c khi nh bt, khng c Thiu m chng th dng bi 'i thanh
long thang' (xem trn) pht hn" - "Mch Ph l bnh phn biu, c th pht hn, cho
ung bi 'Ma hong thang' (Ma hong, Hnh nhn, Thch cao, Cam tho)". - "Mch Ph m
Sc c th pht hn cho ung 'Ma hong thang' - "Chng 'Tiu hm hung', ngay di tim,
th au, mch Ph Hot cho ung bi 'Tiu hm hung thang' ( Hong lin, Bn h, Qua
lu)". - "Di tim c biu khi, thy mm, mch b quan Ph, cho ung 'i hong hong
lin thang' ( i hong, Hong lin). - "Thng hn 8-9 ngy, phong thp tng bc lm
cho c th au nhc, khng t xoay tr c, khng i, khng kht, mch Ph H m Sp,
134

cho ung 'Qu chi Ph t thang' ( Qu chi, Thc dc, Ph t, Cam tho, Sinh khng, i
to). - "Thng hn m mch Ph Hot, l phn biu c nhit, l c hn, cho ung 'Bch
h thang' (Thch cao, Tri mu, Ngnh m, Cam tho)".
- Chng 'Bin dng minh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Dng Minh
trng phong, ming ng, hng kh, bng y, suyn, pht st, s lnh mch Ph Khn nu
dng php h s lm cho bng y m tiu kh khn" -"Dng minh bnh m mch Ph
Khn th nng tng cn m pht c lc, nu ch Ph th ra m hi trm. Nu pht nng m
mch Ph, kht mun ung nc lnh, tiu khng thng th cho ung 'Tr linh thang' ( Tr
linh, Phc linh, Trch t, A giao, Hot thch). -"Dng minh bnh mch Ph m khng ra m
hi, suyn, pht hn th khi, cho ung Ma hong Thang ( Ma hong, Qu chi, Hnh nhn,
Chch tho)".
- Mc 'Hiu chnh Tn H mch hc' ( ch Nan kinh mch quyt) ghi:
. Mch Ph dng bi 'Tiu si h thang' ( Si h, Hong cm, Ng v t, Bn h, Bch thc,
Nhn sm, Tang bch b ).
. B thn Ph: dng 'Qu chi thang' (Qu chi, Xch thc, Chch tho). - Ma hong Thang
(Ma hong, Qu chi, Hnh nhn, Cam tho).
. B quan Ph: dng 'iu trung thang' ( Hu phc, Trn b, Bn h, Nhn sm, Bch trut,
Chch tho).
. B xch Ph: dng 'Tht thnh hon' ( Tn lang, Mc hng, Khng hot, Xuyn khung,
Qu, i hong, c l nhn ).
- Tp 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch t thn ch Hng, i m thy
Ph l ngoi cm phong t, mch hu thn ch Sp ( kim) m thy Ph, nn cho ung 'Sm
t m' ( Mc hng, T t, Can ct, Bn h, Tin h, Nhn sm, Phc linh, Ch xc, Ct
cnh, Trn b, Chch tho ).
. Mch t quan ch Huyn (mc) m thy Ph, mch hu quan thuc Hon (th) m thy
Ph th nn dng bi 'Bi th c trung phng' (Thc a, Bch trut, Cam tho, Can
khng) thm Bch thc.
. Mch t xch ch v Trm, thuc Thy, nay c mch Ph, hu xch ch v mch ca tng
ha, nay c mch Ph, nn cha bng bi 'T vt thang' (Bch thc, ng quy, Thc a,
Xuyn khung). Nu khng khi, cho ung 'Lc v a hong thang' ( Thc a, n b, Phc
linh, Sn th, Hoi sn, Trch t).
. T xch (mch b thn) Ph Khn th tai ic, cho ung 'Lc v a hong thang' thm
Xng b.
. T quan Ph qu th gn yu, chn tay mm yu, khng c sc, dng bi 'Tiu dao tn'
( ng quy, Phc linh, Bch trut, Thc dc, Si h, Chch tho). Nu thy bng trng
nn dng bi 'Bi th c trung thang gia v'.
135

. T quan Ph i kim Thc, mt v m ti nh c vt g che lp, cho ung bi 'Tiu dao

tn', thm Hong cm hoc bi 'Long m t can thang' ( Long m tho, Hong cm, Chi
t, Trch t, Mc thng, Xa tin t, ng quy, Sinh a, Si h, Cam tho ).
. Hu thn Ph v Thc l trong hng kh au, i tin bn, mi khng ngi thy mi, cho
dng bi 'Si h thang' ( Si h, Hong cm, Bn h, Nhn sm, T tho, Hong lin, Phc
linh, Cam tho ).
. Hu quan hi Ph l khch nhit lm thng tn, lc nng lc lnh, nhng tha. Cho ung
bi 'T qun t thang' ( Nhn sm, Phc linh, Bch trut, Cam tho) thm Si h.
G- Cc li bn v mch Ph
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi: "Tuy ni rng mch Ph l bnh biu
nhng nu ng l do ngoi cm phong hn th mch li khng Ph m ch Khn, Sc, hi
km theo Ph. Nu t biu th phi pht st m khng ra m hi, c th au nhc. Nu
mch Ph m km theo Hon th khng phi l t biu. Cch chung, Ph m c lc, c
thn l dng hu d, dng hu d th s thy m trong hoc kh ng tr trn, c
da vo m suy ra. Nu Ph m khng c lc, khng rng th phn m bt tc, m khng
th thy suy, v vy, hoc l huyt khng nui Tm hoc tinh khng ha ra kh, do , c
th bit l trong b h. Nu da vo mch Ph, thy cc chng k trn m cho l chng
thuc phn biu th rt tai hi. Mch Ph, i m Huyn, rt cng, thm ch gp 4 ln tr ln,
sch Ni kinh gi l 'Quan cch'. y khng ni n vic c thn m l do chn m qu
h, v vy dng vt ln cao nhng khng c gc, l triu chng rt nguy him".
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "Bnh thng hn thy
mch b xch, thn u Ph l bnh Thi dng, v vy, mch Ph ch bnh u thuc
v biu nhng phi c lc mi l t kh hu d. Mch b thn v quan u Ph nhng
b xch li Nhc, Tr tc l trng hp m Trng Trng Cnh ni: "Mch dng Ph
m Nhc" l do huyt thiu, dinh kh khng ... Tuy trong sch Ni kinh c ghi: "Chng
trng tit ra ln bt trng, thy mch Trm th sng, gp mch Ph th cht". Nhng nu do
phong mc khc T th lc u thng thy mch Ph, ch cn thng, tn l khi. Nn bit
rng "Bnh m thy mch dng th sng" cn nh mch Trm, T, H, Vi m li thy cung
to, phin kht th kh m cha c.
Bi ca Mch PH (Dng ) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng : Mch Ph ni ngoi da,
Gn tay li ta lng nga nh nhng.
Ba thu mch y bnh thng,
Bnh lu mch y li cng s thay.
Tng loi : Ph nh g ni lnh nh,
136

Ph i gia rng y hnh mch Khu.

Mch Hng nh th nc tro,
Li th cun cun i hu xa xa.
Ph nh nh nm cng hnh,
Tr i trng rng y hnh mch H.
Ph nh yu y l Nhu,
Tn th tan tc ta h hoa bay.
Ch bnh : Ph dng biu bnh r rng,
Tr phong Sc nhit Khn hn chng sai.
Ph hu lc phong nhit y,
Ph m v lc chng ny rt h.
Thn ph u thng sinh phong,
Phong m t hung trung l g.
Quan Ph mc vng th suy,
Xch m Ph i tiu th kh khn.
Bi ca Mch PH (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng : Ph b mao phi khng?
Dng nh khc g tri sng lnh bnh.
Nhn xem cho r mch tnh,
n vo khng nhc th c d.
Ch bnh : Mch Ph y thuc v dng,
Ch bnh biu phi tng mi xong.
Thn Ph ch chng thng phong,
Nhc u, nght mi, chng thng cht no.
137

T quan phong trung tiu,

Phong m cch thuc vo hu quan.
Xch Ph h tiu phong can,
i tin b sp tiu thng khng thng.
Kim mch : Mch Ph v lc biu h,
C lc biu thc t xa bn.
Ph kim Khn thuc phong hn,
Ph kim Tr y r rng trng phong.
Ph Sc phong nhit bo cng,
Ph Hon phong thp ghi lng ch qun.
Ph Khu tht huyt chng yn,
Nu m Ph on kh lin bnh thay.
Ph Hng h nhit phi hay,
Ph H thng th th nay phi tng.
Cng l Ph Sp ni thng,
Ph Nhu kh bi r rng chng sai.
H- Y n V Mch Ph
Y n mch PH Sc m Tn
(Trch trong mc 'Thng hn' ca b 'Danh y loi n').
"Hot B Nhn cha cho 1 ph n, vo tit tri nng m c th li lnh, khng pht st m
li t ra m hi, ming kh, phin kht, ch thch nm trong nc. Xem mch thy Ph Sc
nhng n mnh tay li Tn. C th lnh chnh ra mch phi Trm Vi, nay li Ph Sc, n
mnh li Tn. Phi dng php n cu. l cch b mch theo chng (x mch tng
chng). y l do dng thnh m cch, n ung sinh lnh, nm ngi ngoi ma gi m ra.
Dng bi 'Chn v thang' ( Phc linh, Bch thc, Bch trut, Ph t, Sinh khng), sc cho
ung lnh. Ung 1 ln th ht m hi, 2 ln ht phin to, 3 ln th bnh phc nh xa".
Y n Mch PH i
138

(Trch trong phn 'Ni thng' ca b 'Danh y loi n')

"Ung Thch Sn cha cho mt ngi hn 30 tui, thng do cm hn m pht st,
ung thuc pht biu m khng bt. Sau li ung bi 'Tiu si h thang' ( Si h, Bn h,
Hong cm, Nhn sm, Chch tho, Sinh khng, To) th li b nng d di, m hi ra nhiu
ri m man khng bit l mnh ang u, nm th nh trn my, i th nh gi thi, li
thm hay b i, di mng tinh. Ung Thch Sn thy ngi bnh mp mp m mch Ph i
nh ngn tay lin ni: "Trng hp ny do ni ha thiu t sinh ra cc h ri". Sch Mch
kinh c ghi: "M hi ra ri m mch vn khng gim th cht" may l ngi bnh ny tuy
mch i nhng n tay xung khng thy mch kh bt ln, v vy cn c th cha c".
Sch Ni kinh c ghi: "T kh nhn c hi h m xm nhp vo th phi ly ni thng lm
trng". Cho dng Nhn sm, Hong k, ng quy, Bch trut lm 1 thang thuc ln, thm 1
t Ph t, Nhc qu. Ung hn 10 thang th bnh gim c 2-3 phn. Sau b Ph v
Qu i, thm Thc dc. Ung hn 10 thang th ngi bnh mi bit l mnh nm trn
ging, chn p t... Ngi bnh mng m ni rng: "Thot cht ri". t lu sau th khi
hn".

QUAN H GIA MCH PH V CC MCH KHC

- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' xp cc mch Hng, Nhu, Tn, Khu v Cch vo
nhm mch Ph theo bng sau:
Mch gc

Loi
Mch
PH

c im

Tn mch cung gc

PH

nh
u
ngn
tay

HNG
NHU
TN
KHU
139

Hnh th tng
Hi chng tng
mch
ng
tay xung th hi
gim, nng tay ln th
Chng biu.
mch lu lot.
Mch n nh ln
sng cun cun, khi
Chng nhit thnh.
n th mnh, khi i
th yu.
Mch ni m mm.
H, Thp.
Mch ni m tn
Nguyn kh ly tn,
lon.
chn kh sp tuyt.
Mch ni ln nhng Mu b mt. m b tn

thy

rng trong, nh n
vo cng hnh.
Mch ni p vo
tay, c cm gic
cng trn b mt,
rng bn trong.

mch
ngay.

CCH

thng.
Tinh v huyt b h
hn.

- Theo sch 'Lc mch cng lnh' th:

. Ph m rt hu lc, nh vo da trng l mch Cch.
. Ph m hu lc, mch chc di tay l mch Thc.
. Ph m v lc, nh lu ngm trong nc l mch Nhu.
. Ph m v lc, np di tay thoang thong l mch H.
. Ph i m gia rng, bn ngoi chc nh ng hnh l mch Khu.
- Trn Tu Vin nhn nh v mch Ph:
* Ph m cng nh da trng l mch Cch.
* Ph m gia khng thy g nhng 2 u li l mch Khng.
* Ph m i tn lon l mch Tn.
Vy mch Cch, Khng v Tn u cn c vo mch Ph.

MCH PHC
( - Hidden Pulse - Pouls Cache)
A- i cng
- Phc c ngha l tim phc, n np.
140

- Sch 'Ni kinh T Vn' tuy khng c tn mch Phc nhng trong thin 'Mch yu tinh vi
lun'(T vn 17) c cu: "n au n xng, mch kh thiu l tht lng cng xng sng
au v c th c chng t". y chnh l mch Phc.
- V vy, Nan th 18 (Nan kinh) nh ngha: "Mch Phc l mch i di gn".
- Thuc loi m.
B- Hnh tng mch Phc
- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Phc th trm trng, phi
n tay xung n xng mi bt c mch".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch np ln bn trong, phi y gn st xng mi tm
thy".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "n nng tay tht st gn xng mi thy,
thm ch c khi n Phc m khng thy".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' gii thch: "Mch Phc... nh tay khng thy, v vy phi n
tay xung mi tm c, l mch nm phc trong xng".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH PHC
- Sch 'Mch chn' biu th hnh v mch Phc nh sau:

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Phc

- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "Mch Phc do kh nghch kinh lc, mch o khng
thng, hoc kh thot khng tng tip... gy ra".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Do t kh b tc m chnh kh khng tuyn
thng c, v vy mch n phc khng hin r".
D- Mch Phc ch bnh
141

- Chng 'Ng tng phong hn bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch n
T m np vo xng (Phc) l chng tch".
- Chng 'Thy kh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Ngi mc bnh thy
th mi mt di sng ph, sc mt bng lng, mch Phc" - "Mch phu dng Phc, thy
cc khng tiu ha, T kh suy th i tin lng, V kh suy th ph thng".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh tr nghi' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu Phc, kh
nghch ngc, tc nghn khng thng, l do lnh kh v xng ln ngc" - "Mch b
quan Phc l trung tiu c thy kh, i tin lng" - "Mch b xch Phc th bng di au,
trng, sn (kh) thy cc khng tiu ha".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Phc l hoc lon".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Phc l hoc lon, i ma, bng au do n khng tiu,
cc chng m m, tch t".
- Sch 'Mch ng' ghi: "Mch Phc ch v hn ngng tr kinh lc, tng ph, hoc b hoc
lon, th t, n khng tiu hoc m c kt hoc quyt nghch trng m".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Phc ch tch tr, b tc, m ng, au nhiu,
thy kh, hoc lon, sn kh, quyt nghch".
T Thn PHC

Hu Thn PHC

Huyt ut.
T Quan PHC

Kh ut.
Hu Quan PHC

Can huyt ngng do hn.

T Xch PHC

Thy cc tch tr.

Hu Xch PHC

Sn h.

Thn hn, tinh b h.

- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi:

Mch b thn thy Phc l tc nghn gia ngc.
Mch b quan Phc l kh t trung tiu khng tan i, bnh l, chong vng (nu c 2
bn).
Mch b xch Phc l bng au, nm ngi khng yn.
- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi:
* Mch thn b (tri) Phc l tim suy yu, hay hong s. Thn b (phi) Phc l hn kh kt
ngc v vy thng b ho v khi ho thng ko m.
142

* Mch b quan (tri) thy Phc l huyt suy yu, lng au, chn au, 2 bn sn au. Mch
b quan (phi) thy Phc l d dy b kh tch v vy n ung khng tiu.
* Mch b xch bn tri thy Phc l thn tinh km, hay b sn kh. Mch b xch bn phi
thy Phc l bng di au v c hn kh ngng kt h tiu".
E- Mch Phc v u tr
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Phc l hoc lon, nn ma... cch cha phi tn hn,
n l".
- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "... Do bo bnh, bo nghch m thy mch Phc, cch
cha l iu ha kh huyt".
- Sch 'n dch lun' ghi: "Gp mch Phc... ch cn h bng bi 'Tha kh thang' (i hong,
Hu phc, Ch thc) th 6 b mch s t hi phc".
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "Thng hn m gii biu, pht tn khng ng lm cho t
kh khng tit ra c, v vy 6 b mch u Trm Phc, phi gp rt pht hn th mch kh
t hi phc".
- Sch 'Bnh c kh nghi bo mnh tp' ghi: "Thy mch Phc th khng th pht hn".
- Sch 'Trng th y thng' ghi: "Thy mch Phc, nn cho ung bi Ma hong ph t t tn
thang pht hn".
- Sch 'Mch thuyt' ghi: "Mch Phc ca bo bnh th cch cha phi tuyn, tn".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch b t thn Phc l kh b
tc ngc. Cho ung bi 'Trm hng hon' ( Trm hng, Nhc thung dung, Hong k, C
mch (hoa), Hot thch). B t quan Phc th kit l, hoa mt. Ung bi 'Ng cch khoan
trung tn' ( Bch u khu, Mc hng, Chch tho, inh hng, Sa nhn, Hu phc, Thanh
b, Trn b, Hng ph ). B t xch Phc: n km, y hi, bng au, nm ngi khng yn,
cho ung bi 'T bch thang' ( Bch trut, Bch thc, Bch linh, Bch bin u, Nhn sm,
Hong k, Cam tho )".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Phm cc chng kh b, nhit b, hn b, hoc do au
m b hoc do hoc lon m b u lm cho kh huyt b khn, mch o khng thng, v
vy m c mch Phc, l thi qu, cch cha phi tuyn tit. Do bnh lu ngy, chnh kh
suy vi, mch kh n phc dn, l bt cp, phi gp dng php i b".
G- Mch Phc qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "Mch Phc tuy ging nh cc mch Trm, Vi, T, thot
nhng thc ra li c ch khc nhau, l c lc mch kh n np khng thy c. Do ngc
bng au d di m thy mch Phc hoc do kh nghch kinh lc, mch o khng thng
m thy hoc do kh thot khng tng tip m gy nn mch Phc. Trn y l do bo
143

bnh, bo nghch m thy mch Phc. Cch cha l iu ha kh huyt th mch kh s hi

phc v thng sut. Ngoi cc nguyn nhn trn cn thy ngi b tch khi lu ngy,
chnh kh suy, tng mch T, Vi ri dn dn n phc, l triu chng la tn sp tt. C
ngi khi gp mch ny th dng ngay cc bi thuc c tc dng ph kh, o m m chng
xt l h hoc thc, nh vy chng ng s lm sao?".
- Chng 'Mch quyt' (n dch lun) ghi: "Ngi b n dch c triu chng phn l, thn
sc cha suy, ni nng nh thng, khng c qui chng, chn thy 6 mch nh si t, Vi,
T m Nhuyn, thm ch nh khng c hoc 2 tay u khng thy hoc 1 tay thy Phc. Xt
rng ngi bnh ng l khng c mch ny, nay li thy, l do t kh kt t v ng tc
bn trong. Doanh kh nghch trong v vy khng thng t ra tay chn c gi l 'mch
quyt'. - Cng c khi do ung qu nhiu thuc c c tnh hn (lnh) nh Hong lin, Thch
cao, lm cho t kh cng kt t th mch cng kh bt c. Thy thuc thy mch Vi sp
tuyt th cho l 'Chng thuc dng m thy mch m' l khng th cha c ri b m
khng cha, v vy lm hi nhiu ngi khng t. Nu cho ung bi Nhn sm 'Sinh mch
tn' ( Nhn sm, Ng v t, Mch mn) th ha cng ln, do , ch cn h t t bng bi
'Tha kh thang' (i hong, Ch thc, Hu phc) th 6 mch s t phc hi".
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "... Cc chng bnh ca
mch Phc rt kh m tin lng, Trng Sa ( Trng Trng Cnh) c ni: "Mch phu
dng khng hin ra, T khng vn ha, c th lnh, da cng, mch Thiu m khng n
khin cho c th mt cm gic, l chng 'Thi quyt'. Phc l triu chng ca m dng
tim phc, cng c khi do t n phc lm cho mch Phc, khng hin ra. Tuy v hnh tng
c khc vi mch on nhng cng c ngha l kh huyt b sp tr, v vy mch (ny) thy
cc chng quan cch, nn ngc, b tiu. Nu khng i (ln) hn bnh thng th cng
Tiu m n phc, l trng hp ca Tn Vit Nhn ni: "B trn c mch b di khng
c mch vy". Phm cc chng v kh huyt b ut kt, sn h, lu m, thy kh, n khng
tiu, hoc lon, th t thng thy mch Trm Phc, u do kinh mch b tr tr, doanh v
khng thng m ra. Do , c thai b nn ma thng thy mch Phc, l mch chng
bin ha vy. Thng hn m gii biu pht tn khng ng lm cho t kh khng tit c,
v vy 6 b mch u Phc, phi gp dng php pht hn th mch kh t hi phc. Lu
Nguyn Tn ni: "Thy mch Phc th khng th dng php hn", y l mch Phc nhng
khng phi ca chng biu, v vy, Trng Khit C c ni: "Thy mch Phc nn cho
ung bi 'Ma hong ph t t tn thang' pht hn. Khi gp bnh th phi thch nghi quyn
bin ch khng th chp nht. Nu 6-7 ngy, phin to khng yn, t v chnh giao tranh,
v vy thy mch Phc li pht run v ra m hi, l ging nh hn lu ngy m gp ma,
ma xong th mi vt u sng li, khng th cho rng mch l mch m ri dng cc v
thuc c tnh cht tn (cay) nhit, chc chn s nguy ngay".
- Sch 'Mch ng' ghi: "Thng hn Thi dng chng m gp mch ny (Phc) l triu
chng tt... c khi thy mch nh Phc, l bnh lu ngy, m dng u suy, mch kh t
on, khng lin tc, lc thy lc n, l chn kh sp b tuyt, li c th cho l mi bnh ri
dng php tiu tn c sao? y l mch thot ch khng phi mch Phc. Cc chng
bo kinh, bo n, bo quyt cng thy mch Trm Phc, giy lt th mch kh t hi phc,
khng cha cng khi. Nu thy tui qu 40, nguyn kh vn h, bt thnh lnh hn m
bt tnh, l loi trng phong ch khng phi chng chn trng phong. Trong hng m
144

ku nh ko ca, 6 b mch Trm Phc, phi gp cho ung bi 'Tam sinh m' thm Nhn
sm th may ra c th sng".
- Sch 'Mch thuyt' ghi: "Mch Phc c 2 ngha: Mt l n mnh tay n xng, tm k mi
thy, cc sch Nan kinh, Mch kinh u gi l mch Phc. l mch Trm qu su (thm),
ch v chng tch t, tch thc. m m, l cc bnh lu ngy. Cn cc chng thi quyt,
hoc lon, kh nghch, au d di lm cho 6 b mch 2 tay c khi khng thy, mi chnh
l mch Phc, hoc c 2 tay tuy Phc nhng phi 1 trong 2 b xch cha Phc hoc c 2 tay
tuy Phc nhng 3 b mch chn khng th Phc. Trong ng mch ca 12 ng kinh,
cc mch u, mt c th Phc nhng cc mch ngc, bng th khng th Phc. Nu
cc mch ton thn u Phc th kh cng tuyt m cht. Trn y l mch Phc ca cc
chng cp tnh, mi b. Mch Phc v mch thot ging nhau, khng th khng xt. Khi
mch thn khu thot, Phc th tm cc ng mch ca 12 ng kinh, chc chn c 2
b khng thy mch Phc. Nu thy mch kh mnh, c th nhy vt ln, l mch Phc.
Nu thy mch kh cht ko ra, cht thu vo, tn lon khng chng, c phn kch, l
mch thot. Mch Phc ca bo bnh th cch cha phi tuyn tn. Bnh lu ngy thy
mch thot th cch cha phi i b".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Phc so vi mch Trm th su hn 1 tng, v vy
phi n tay mnh n xng mi thy c".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Nu v m t ngn li ngoi, dng kh phc trong m
thy mch Phc th sau khi ra m hi, mch tng thy r ngay".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Nu c 2 tay mch n phc, ng thi mch
Thi kh v Phu (Xung) dng cng mt l cht".
- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi: "Mch Phc thy 1 tay gi l n Phc, c 2 tay u i
mch Phc gi l Song Phc. Bnh thuc chng au nhc th thng thy mch Phc. Bnh
lu ngy m thy mch Phc l sp cht".
Bi ca Mch PHC (m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Mch Phc cng mc trm,
Khi tm mch phi n gn st xng.
Thng hn gic hn gii dng,
Rn au, quyt nghch chng thng thuc m.
Tng loi: Trm thy khong xng gn,
Phc th tm mi thy gn xng.
Ch bnh: Phc th hoc lon th lun,
145

Thc n trc cn nh li, bng au.

Bi nhn m m tch vo,
Tn hn n l cho mau mi lnh.
Thn Phc thc ut trong hung,
Ma khng ma c trong lng nn nao,
Quan Phc ngm ngm bng au,
Xch Phc sn thng lm sao c lnh.
Bi ca Mch PHC (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch Phc tm thy u?
Phc l n np, cn su hn trm.
Khi xem mch nh ko lm,
tay n st xng gn m tm.
Ch bnh: Phc l mch thuc phn m,
Ch v cc bnh thm trm trong.
T thn huyt ut chng thng,
Hu thn kh ut hn khng cn ng.
T quan can huyt bng au,
Hu quan thy cc khng tiu, ngng hn.
T xch sn h chng bn,
Hu xch thiu ha r rng tiu vong.
H- Cc Y n Mch Phc
Y n 6 B Mch u PHC
(Trch trong 'Y tn tt c')

146

"Phu nhn ca Yn Hoi Tuyn, lc trc thy ngc bng y, qua ngy hm sau, bt thnh
lnh t ng hn m, tay chn lnh. C ngi nh cho ung 'Ngu hong hon'. Ti xem
mch th thy 6 b u Phc, ch c mch kh khu cn hi ng, y l do n khng tiu,
m dng b cch ngn, kh c khng thng ging v vy thy mch Phc m kh khu cn
ng. Dng Sa nhn, Trn b mi th 40g, Gng 32g, sc cho ung. Li ly ngn tay mc
cho ra c cc th tch tr 5-6 chn, 6 mch u thy tr li".
Y n B Thn v Quan u PHC
(Trch trong 'Tc danh y loi n')
"V ca Bao Hi nh b au bng, au dn ln bng v ko xung bng di, au c ngy
ln m, ung thuc nhng khng bt... Mu Trng Thun xem mch th thy b thn v
quan 2 tay u Phc, ch c 2 b xch Thc, i, n tay li cng thm. Hi ra th bit
nguyn nhn l do qu gin, phong mc b ut nghch gy ra. Cho ung Xuyn khung, Si h,
Thng ma. Ung va xong th hi lin my chc ci ri cn au lin ht. Ht au ri li
suyn, l do thng qu nhanh, cho ung bi 'T ma thang' (Ch xc, Binh lang, Trm
hng) th khi bnh".
Y n Mch PHC
(Trch trong 'Ni khoa hc ca Trung y Thng Hi').
"Liu XX. c th vn thng b kh h, thp thng, m nhiu, ang i ng bng nhin
ng ln ra thnh chng trng phong, bt tnh nhn s, tiu sn, trong hng c ting m kh
kh, nhiu m hi, mch Phc, c th nng, tay chn lnh. y l chn dng ph vit, kh
huyt ly tn. Tuy gi l phong trng tng, thc ra l trng th bo thot. iu tr: Hi dng
cu thot. cho ung: Nhn sm 12g, Trc lch 80g, Ph phin (thc) 12g, Nc Gng ti
4g, Ung xong th tnh v khi".
Y n Mch PHC Hu Lc
(Trch trong 'C kim y n')
"L S Ti cha mt ngi bnh tinh thn mt mi, eo lng v u gi au chu khng ni.
Cc thy thuc cho l Thn ch eo lng, gi, cho dng Qu Ph. Bnh ko di vi thng,
cng ngy cng nng thm, lng v gi lnh. L S Ti khm thy mch Phc, n mnh tay
thy hu lc. Ngh n dng ta m, do ha nhit qu ha hn, chc l tiu , s nc
nng. Hi th ng nh vy. Cho dng, Hong b 12g, Long m tho 8g, Hong cm,
Hong lin, Chi t u 6g, gng 7 lt, sc ung nng v ung ht 1 ln. Sau thy vng
lng d chu. Ung 3 thang th ht au".

147

MCH SC
( - Rapid Pulse - Pouls Rapide )
A- i cng
- Sc nguyn ngha l nhanh, nhiu ln, Mch Sc l mch i nhanh, nhiu ln ( tnh theo hi
th hoc nhp p ca mch).
- Thin 'm dng bin lun' (T vn 7) ghi: "Mch Sc thuc dng".
B- Hnh tng mch Sc
- Chng 'Mch hnh tng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Sc n ri i cp bch"
- "Mch Sc 1 tc mch p 6-7 ch".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi: "Mch Sc l thi qu, 1 hi th mch p 6 ln, hn mch
bnh thng 2 ln p".
- Sch 'T chn quyt vi' ghi: "Mch Sc, c ly 1 hi th ca thy thuc bnh thng th
mch ngi bnh chy 6 ln n".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Sc i gp rt, 1 hi th n 6 ln".
- Sch "Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Sc 1 hi th trn 5 ch (Nht tc ng
ch d thng), tng ng vi 90 p /pht".
- Sch 'Y hc thc ti d' : "Mch Sc... 5 ch tr ln'.
CC HNH V BIU DIN MCH SC
- Sch ' ch Nan kinh mch quyt' v sch 'Tam ti hi' ghi li hnh v v mch Sc
nh sau:

148

- Sch 'Mch chn' biu din hnh v nh sau:

- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' m t hnh v ca mch Sc l nhng hnh sng rt
khng u nhau c v tn s ln bin :

- Sch 'Kt hp YHCT vi YHH trong lm sng' m t mch Sc: "Khong cch trung bnh
gia 2 nht bp ca tim l: X = 0,59 giy +- 0,07 giy. Tng ng vi X = 102 ln/pht +14 ln/pht".

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Sc

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Sc l dng thnh, t nhit kch ng,
mch vn hnh nhanh hn, v vy mch i Sc". - "Bnh lu ngy m h, dng thin thng
cng gy ra mch Sc". - "Dng ph vit ra ngoi cng to ra mch Sc nhng l Sc v
lc".
- Sch 'Trung y bin chng lun tr ging ngha' cho rng hnh thnh nn mch Sc c th do:
149

Nhim khun gy ra h huyt p dn n nhp xoang nhanh.

C tim hng phn hoc suy yu i, tn s tim tng ln duy tr lu lng mu tng ra mi
pht c nh c".
D- Mch Sc ch bnh
- Thin 'Ngc c chn tng lun' (T vn 19) ghi: "Nu mch tuyt khng n hoc mi hi
th mch p 5-6 ln (Sc), d c th v tht khng b hao gy i, mch chn tng khng
hin ra, cng cht".
- Thin 'Bnh nhit bnh lun' (T vn 23) ghi: "M hi ra ri m mch vn cn to thnh
(Sc) th s cht".
- Thin 'i k lun' (T vn 48) ghi: "... Mi hi th mch p 10 ln tr ln, l kinh kh
bt tc, nu thy mch , trong vng 9-10 ngy th cht".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Tng mch thn khu Sc l bnh
ph". - "Mch Sc khng ng th l chng c sang ( nht c)".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch Sc l phin nhit".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Sau 3 ngy li
thy mch Sc m nhit khng gim, l nhit kh c d, t sinh ra nht m". - "Kit l
mch Sc m li kht nc, bnh t khi".
- Chng 'Ph nuy... bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Ngi bnh ho,
mch thn khu Sc trong ming li c nc ming d l ti sao? Thy p: l bnh ph
nuy"
- Chng 'Tiu kht... bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch xung (phu)
dng Sc l trong V c nhit, n nhiu m mau i, i tin cng, tiu gt".
- Chng 'Kinh qy th nc... bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chng i ra
mu, ho ngc hi ln, thy mch Sc l c nhit, khng nm c th cht".
- Chng 'Sang ung, trng ung... tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chng trng ung, n tay
thy mm nh b sng, bng khng c tch t, c th khng nng, mch Sc, l trong rut
c ung m".
- Chng 'Bin mch m dng i php' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Sc l i ra mu".
- Chng 'Tr tt on trng tp mch php' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Sc l bnh ph".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh nghi tr' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu m Sc
th mun nn v c nhit v qun, nung nu trong ngc. Mch b quan m Sc l trong V
c t nhit. Mch b xch Sc th s lnh, di rn nng au, tiu tin vng ".
150

- Chng 'Mch m dng loi thnh' (Chn gia khu yu) ghi: "Sc... l phin mn. B thn
Sc l u au, nng trn, B quan Sc l T nhit, ming hi, nn ma. B quan bn tri
Sc l Can b nhit, mt . B xch tay phi Sc th tiu vng , to bn".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Ma thu, bnh Ph m thy mch Sc th rt ng s. B
thn mch Sc th hng v ming li l lot, Ph sinh ung nht. B Can Sc l Can ha, V
ha".
- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "Mch Sc... l hn nhit, l h lao, l ngoi t, ung nht".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Mch Sc ch bnh ph, nhit. B thn Sc l ho suyn,
ming l, ph ung. B quan Sc l V nhit, t ha cng ln trn. B xch Sc l do tng
ha gy bnh, v th, thy cc chng trc kh V, tiu but, tiu b".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi:
T Thn SC

Hu Thn SC

Ni cung, ming li l, Nhit thng tiu, ho m,

tiu khng thng.
tiu khng thng.
T Quan SC
Hu Quan SC
Mt m, chng mt.

Ming hi, bng cn co, chn

rng sng, thch nm.
Xch SC
i dm, tiu sn, bng quang b, c thai (n).

- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Sc... phn nhiu thy v chng nhit ph".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Sc ch bnh nhit, c lc l thc,
khng lc l h".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Sc ch dng thnh, ngoi t hn nhit, phin to,
nng kht, ut nhit, m nhit, i tin ra mu, ung nht".
T Thn SC

Hu Thn SC

Ha thnh, tm phin.
T Quan SC

Ho suyn, ph nuy.
Hu Quan SC

Can m ha vng.
T Xch SC

T V thc nhit.
Hu Xch SC

Tiu gt, b, di tinh, xch bch

trc.

i tin ra mu.

151

- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Mch Sc v lc l h nhit, Sc c lc l thc nhit.

Nu mch Nhn nghinh cng Sc c lc th l ngoi cm nhit t".
E- Mch Sc kim mch bnh
- Chng 'm m... tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Huyn Sc l c m m, vo
ma ng, ma h th kh cha".
- Chng 'Ph nhn... tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Thiu m Hot m Sc l l lot
m b".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Ph Sc l biu nhit, Trm Sc l l nhit. Mch kh khu
Sc Thc l ph ung".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
Mch Sc m Ph l nhit biu.
Sc m Trm l nhit l.
Sc m Thc l ph ung.
Sc m H l ph nuy.
Sc m T l m h lao nhit.
Sc m Hng, Trng l ung nht.
Sc m Hot Thc l m ha.
Sc m Hng l vong huyt.
Sc m thnh, i, n tay thy Sp th bn ngoi tuy c chng nhit nhng bn
trong li hn".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Sc + Trm l nhit phn l, nhit t trong bc ra. Bc
ln thng tiu th u au, nng ny, nhit ny xng vo trung tiu s gy ra chua, ming
hi, nn ma. Nu nhit bc sang bn tri th Can ha xng ln gy ra mt . Nhit bc
sang bn phi th tiu , to bn".
F- Mch Sc v tr liu
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi dng bnh...
mch Ph Sc, nn pht hn, cho ung bi 'Ma hong thang' ( Ma hong, Qu chi, Hnh
nhn, Cam tho). Sau khi pht hn, thy mch Ph Sc m li phin kht, cho ung bi 'Ng
linh tn' (Tr linh, Phc linh, Bch trut, Trch t, Qu chi). Bnh thng hn, pht hn
152

gii, na ngy sau li phin to, mch Ph Sc th li phi pht hn bng bi 'Qu chi thang'
( Qu chi, Bch thc, Sinh khng, i to)".
- Chng 'Bin Dng minh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Dng minh
v Thiu dng hp bnh t gy ra kit l... nu mch Hot Sc l n khng tiu, nn h
bng bi 'i tha kh thang' ( i hong, Hu phc, Ch thc, Mang tiu). - "Ngi bnh
khng c chng biu, chng l, pht st 7-8 ngy, tuy thy mch Ph Sc vn c th dng
php h. Nu h m mch cn Sc l nhit, v vy hay i, 6-7 ngy khng i tin l c
huyt, cho dng bi ' ng thang' (Thy it, Mang trng, i hong, o nhn).
- Chng 'Bch hp... mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Bnh h hoc, thy mch
Sc, khng st, hi bc bi, khng ni chuyn, ch thch nm, ra m hi. Mi b bnh 3-4
ngy th mt nh mt chim cu, c 7-8 ngy th 4 kho mt u en, nu n c l
thnh m, cho ung bi 'Xch tiu u ng quy tn' ( Xch tiu u, ng quy).
- Chng 'Ph nuy... mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Ho m ngc y, gai rt,
mch Sc, hng kh nhng khng kht, thng c nc ming hi, lu lu li i ra m nh
cho l chng ph ung, cho ung bi 'Ct cnh thang (Ct cnh, Cam tho)".
- Chng 'Hung t... chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chng hung t m suyn th, ho
khc, ngc lng au, hi th ngn, mch thn khu Trm, Tr, b quan th Tiu, Khn, Sc
cho ung bi 'Qut lu gii bch bch tu thang' (Qut lu, Gii bch, Bch tu)".
- Chng 'Phc mn... mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chng bng y, pht
nng 10 ngy... mch Sc m Hot l Thc, n khng tiu, dng php h, cho ung bi
'i tha kh thang' ( i hong, Ch thc, Hu phc, Mang tiu)".
- Chng 'Sang ung... bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chng trng ung,
n tay thy mm nh b sng, bng khng c tch t, c th khng nng, mch Sc l trong
rut c ung nht, cho ung bi ' d ph bi tng tn' ( d, Ph t, Bi tng)".
G- Cc li bn v mch Sc
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi: "Mch Sc c m dng m i sau tuyn
truyn cho rng mch Sc thuc nhit. Xt Ni kinh th ch thy ghi: "Cc mch cp l a
hn Hon l a nhit" - "Mch Hot l dng kh thnh, hi c nhit" - "Mch th i l m h
khng , dng c d l nhit trong " - "Mch Hon Hot l nhit trong"... Ngoi nhng
li thuyt ni mch Tr l hn, mch Sc l nhit, bt u Nan kinh, trong c ghi rng :
"Mch Sc thuc nhit, mch Tr thuc hn". V vy, i sau u da vo thuyt ny m cho
rng Sc thuc nhit. Phm cc chng ha nhit phc trong, mch li khng Sc m ch
Hng Hot c lc nh kinh dn chng trn. Cch phn loi mch Sc i khi c 7 loi
m nay tht truyn. Nay s lc nhng ch quan trng nh sau, ch no cha ni ht, c
theo m suy ra.
Ngoi t xm nhp thy mch Sc: Phm hn l ngoi cm tt thy mch Khn Sc, v mi
xm nhp, thy mch Sc l t cha truyn kinh, th nhit t u ra? V th cch cha th
153

nn dng php n, tn. Nu nh truyn mch lu ngy, thy mch Sc m Hot, Thc th
mi ni l thuc nhit c. Nu nh Sc m v lc th vn l m chng, ch nn n. V vy
mch Sc thy trong cc trng hp ngoi cm khng th cho l nhit ht c. Nu dng
ton thuc hn v lng ( mt v lnh) l khng git ngi sao?
Cc chng h tn m thy mch Sc, ngi bnh :
Dng h thy mch Sc: th mch ny phi v lc hoc kim T, Tiu m triu chng l h
hn, phi dng php n cn khng khng kp m cn ni l thuc nhit c sao?
Nu thm chng m h thy mch Sc th phi l Sc m Huyn Hot, tuy c cc triu
chng phin nhit cng phi nn thn trng khi dng thuc hn ( lnh) lng (mt). Nu
dng php thanh ha t lm cho m b tit i lm cho bnh nng thm, thng ngi bnh b
h tn u thy mch Sc. Trong cc bnh thy mch Sc th h tn ng hng u. Bnh
cng h th mch cng Sc, mch cng Sc th bnh cng nguy... Nh vy th mch Sc u
thuc v chng nhit ht hay sao? Nu cho mch H Sc l nhit th rt tai hi".
St rt thy mch Sc: khi ln cn st rt mch thy Khn, Sc, khi dt cn, mch ha hon.
Lm sao c th ni l khi c pht tc l c ha, khi khng pht tc l khng c ha c
sao? Phm ha trong c th, nu c th khng lc no ngng pht tc, cn khng c th
khng pht tc. C lc pht tc, lc khng l do ha t mnh vy. Cn chn ha hoc chn
nhit th khng nh vy. Phi chng l mch Sc ch thy chng st rt v vy khng th
cho l nhit ht c?".
Kit l thy mch Sc: kit l phn nhiu l do hn thp, ni thng, T Thn h tn, v vy
thy mch Sc. Nu kim mch Huyn, T, Nhc th u l H Sc ch khng phi l nhit
Sc. Khi cha phi n b Mnh mn th trm ln khng sai 1 ln. khi ngi bnh b kit l m
c c th u nhiu ha, li ang tui cng trng th mi c th bin chng l thuc v
nhit, nhng thy mch Sc m phi kim Hng hot, Hot Thc th mi ng".
Ung nht thy mch Sc: m c th khng st, li s lnh, n ung vn nh thng, hoc
c th st, ra m hi vn khng gii, tt phi c ung nht (th). Cc loi ung nht u c m
dng, v vy c lc th cng, c khi th b, do , khng th thy mch Sc th u cho l
thuc nhit ht c".
Chng n c thy mch Sc: l do t c cha tit ra, nu tit ra th mch khng Sc. V
vy xem tng mch H hoc Thc, i hoc Tiu phn ra m dng ch khng th cho
Sc l mch thuc nhit c".
Chng trng tch m thy mch Sc: h di bng sn c b khi nh hn , tch tr
khng tiu i, v vy thy mch Sc. Nu tch tr lu ngy thnh chng cam lm cho Dng
minh b ng tr, v vy thy ming hi, chn rng l lot, pht st, cch cha phi thanh V,
thanh ha. Nu khng c cc triu chng ha m thy mch Sc cng khng th cho l
nhit".

154

C thai thy mch Sc: l do kinh kh 2 mch Xung v Nhm b tr ngi, khng phi l do
ha. V vy phi xem tng ca mch mnh hoc yu m phn bit hn nhit, do khng
th thy mch Sc ri c c cho Hong cm l v thuc thnh".
Xem cc mch Sc cc chng trn y th thy rng khi t kh thnh th thng thy mch
Sc, m cng H li cng thy nhiu hn. l nhit m chng phi l nhit, c theo m
suy ra c...".
- Thin 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "... Ngi ta khi thy mch Sc
th thng cho l nhit m khng bit l cn do v h m m thnh ta nh dng na. Th
d nh mch Sc m Ph i, n tay thy v lc, mch thn khu T l h. Bnh nhit m
mch Sc, n tay khng thy bt ln, l m thnh ta dng m sinh ra bnh, khng phi
do hn. Chu an Kh ni : "Mch Sc c thnh i, n tay li thy Sp, khp ngoi c
chng nhit, gi l chng hn". y l do hn lu tr huyt mch, chng bn ngoi l
nhit, v th m mch mi Sc. H mch Sc gy bnh, nu n tay thy Hon l t ang lui.
Bnh lu ngy m mch Sc l m h. Nu ngi c hnh dng mp mp m c mch Sc
l do m thp ut tr, kinh lc khng thng m thnh ut nhit. Nu t nhin m c mch
Sc tt sinh ra ung nht. Nu mch Sc Thc m khc ra m hi l chng ph ung, Sc H
m khc ra m nht l ph nuy. C ngi ni mch Sc th tm phin hoc Sc th kit
nhit v qun, y u l do Tm bo ha vng lm hi n ngi v qun ch. C ngi
ni mch T Sc l m h, y l do thy khng ch c ha, chn m hao tn. C ngi
ni mch Sc l bnh ph, y l do dng t xm phm ph dng khng quan h n
tng kh... Cc chng h lao, mt mu, ho suyn, hi a ngc ln th hay thy mch Sc,
nhng Sc, i, Nhu, Nhuyn l dng h, cn Sc m T, Tiu, Huyn l m h, khng
ging nh tng mch thy bnh thng hn chy mu mi. Sc m Ph i l t cc
kinh lc, thy Sc m v lc l thun, cn Sc m kim Thc, i, Huyn l nghch. Nu
tng mch khi s (chm tha) khi Sc (nhanh) th bt k l bnh g cng u kh cha".
- Sch 'T chn quyt vi' ghi: "Mch Sc thuc dng, nn va phi, khng nn thi qu,
thi qu th hi. Trong 6 b mch c phn bit ra nn thy v khng nn thy... Mch nn
thy l v d cha v mch khng nn thy v kh cha. Th d nh mc bnh m thy mch
Sc hoc Ph Sc m c lc l nhit l, ging i th khi. l mch nn thy v d cha.
Bnh lu ngy m mch Sc hoc Ph Sc m rng, mm l dng ph vit ra bn ngoi,
cch cha nn n b. Mch Trm, Sc, T, Sp l m suy kit di, cch cha phi t
m. l mch khng nn thy v kh cha".
- Sch 'Y bin' ghi: "Ngi bnh h nhit mch phi l H Sc m v lc, tuy nhin, c khi
do ung thuc hn nhiu qu lm cho hn nhit tng bc ln nhau hoc Can t khc th, v
vy mch li Huyn i c lc. Cng c ngi h hn, bc bch ha ph vit ra ngoi, chn
dng mun thot th thy mch Sc thm, li Huyn i c lc. Trong cc trng hp trn,
nu khng thm xt chung vi hnh (dng) chng (trng) th cha tr kh trnh khi sai lm
vy".
- Sch 'T chn chnh php' ghi: "... Bit rng mch Sc vn thuc nhit nhng ngi chn
m hao tn mch cp Sc, cng Sc th cng h, cng h th cng Sc. V vy, nu nhm
ln th sng cht ch nh tr bn tay m thi".
155

- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Thin 'm dng bit lun' (T vn 7) ghi: "Mch Sc
thuc dng". - Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' ( T vn 17) ghi: "Mch Sc th tm phin". hai
cu ny cho thy mch Sc thuc dng m tm l then cht ca mch. V vy mi ghi rng
"Mch Sc th tm phin" nhng y ch l ni n thng l ch cha ni ht ci bin ha
ca mch Sc.
- Sch 'Kt hp YHCT vi YHH trong lm sng' ghi: "Tng ng vi nhn nh ca
YHDTCT qua bt mch chng ti nhn thy: khong RR trung bnh gia 2 nht bp tim ca
17 ngi bnh c mch Sc: X = 0,59 sec +- 0,07 sec, tng ng vi tn s trung bnh
ca 17 mch Sc l X = 102 ln/pht +- 14 ln/pht. Kt qu ni ln mch Sc l mt
loi mch YHDTCT thuc tn s nhanh".
Bi Ca Mch SC (Dng) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng : Sc mt tc 6 ln p,
Sinh chng cung phin , dng thnh m suy.
Ly Ph Trm bin thc, h,
Mch ny i vi tr con th lnh.
Tng loi : Sc nhanh hn mc mch thng,
Khn m Sc li ta dng cng dy.
Sc m Xc c ng dy,
ng m Sc thy ny b quan.
Ch bnh : Sc l dng, ch nhit t,
Nhm qun tng ho liu m cha cho.
Dng t thc, m b h,
Cui thu bnh Ph ng lo mch ny.
Thn Sc l ming, au u,
Ho m, th huyt, ngu ph ung.
Quan Sc Can V ho nung,
Xch Sc thuc dng ging ho t m.
Bi Ca Mch SC (Chn gia chnh nhn)
156

Mch tng: Mch Sc y chnh thuc dng,

Tng l thi qu ta thng phi hay.
Mt tc su ch mau thay,
Mch i vt mc so nay mch bnh.
Ch bnh: Sc ch ph, bnh nhit thay,
Thn suyn ho ry, ming l, ph ung.
Quan v nhit, t ha cng,
Xch tng ha vng, lm cng trc, di.
Hu lc ha thc khng ng,
V lc th thuc ha h r rng.
Ph Sc biu nhit phi tng,
Trm Sc l nhit cho tng ko sai.
Qun ha, tng ha hai loi,
Xch m do tng, qun thi thn dng.
Hu Sc th do ha cang,
T Sc th thuc m tng phi suy.
G- CC Y N MCH SC
Y n Mch SC
(Trch trong 'Tp ch ng Y 'Vit Nam s 161').
"Phm c B. 25 tui. St 9-10 ngy, n ng km, ming kh, li ti, 2 chn v i c
nhiu vt ban , mch Sc. Chn on l nhit lm thng tn phn Dinh. Php cha l
thanh Dinh. Cho dng Huyn sm, Sinh a u 20g, Kinh gii, Mch mn, Kim ngn u
16g, Bc h 10g, L chi chi 2g, Sc ung. Ung 3 thang ht st, ht ban, ngi cn mt, hi
chng mt. Cho ung thm 3 thang na nhng b Bc h, thm Thc a 20g, Hoi sn 16g,
Th Phc linh 10g. Khi hn".
Y n 6 B u Mch SC
157

(Trch trong 'Tn Vn Vin y n')

"Thm Phu Nhn, sau khi sinh c 3 ngy, thy trong bng kh chu, b thy thuc dng
php h m cha, v vy b i t 5-6 ln, pht st, mun i. Li cho ung thm 'n m
thang' cm i v bi 'Tiu si h thang' h st. Ung 4 ngy th u i c 4 ngy, cm
cho u khng n vo c, li cho ung thm bi 'Bt trn thang' thm ng Tin... Ung
xong th tinh thn m mui, tai , mt nhm, ming kht, bng si, mi mt trn di v mu
tay, mu chn u ph ln. Lc mi mi ti cha. Xem bnh th thy 6 mch u Sc. Hm
l ngy 2/5. Ti ni : "Sch mch c cu: Mch Sc s ch l t nhit, l chng h". Cch
cha phi cho ung bi 'Thp ton i b' ( Nhn sm, Bch trut, Bch linh, Bch thc,
Cam tho, ng quy, Thc a, Xuyn khung, Hong k, Nhc qu ) thm Gng nng.
Cho ung xong, na m thy tnh to, n c 1 chn cho, lc mi m mt ra m ni
chuyn. n tra hm sau, mt mi khng ung thuc c m li ni nhiu ri hn m nh
trc. n ngy mng 4, cho ung Nhn sm, Bch trut mi th 12g, Gng nng, Phc
linh, Trn b mi th 4g, Chch tho 1,6g. Ung xong, c th hi ra m hi, ton thn mc
cc mn nh lm tm, bt nng ri li tnh to. n bui chiu khng ung thuc c m li
nng gin, hn m nh trc, 6 mch tn lon khng chng, ging nh mch Gii sch, cc
mn nh ln mt m ngi li cc h. Cho ung Nhn sm, Bch trut mi th 20g, i Ph
t, Gng nng, Chch tho mi th 4g, Ung lin 2 thang th m ng c, ch cn hi
th gp rt. n mng 6, mch li Sc, bui chiu pht st, bn cnh huyt Hon khiu mc
1 ci nht to nh ci bt, sng, hi au. Ba ca ngi bnh ni :"Lc trc pht st, mun i
nh do ci nht ny gy ra, l n b bng Ph t, Can khng, v vy by gi mau dng
thuc hn (lnh) lng (mt) gii c". Ti i sc mt m ni :" l chng i h, h
ha V i tm by, khng khc ch c, khng phi l do nht c. Nu khng l do nht
c ri dng thuc hn lng cha s lm cho ngi bnh cht sm, ch nn i b mi
l phng php vn ton". Lin cho ung bi 'Ph t l trung thang' (Nhn sm, Bch trut,
Ph t, Bo khng, Chch tho). V Nhn sm v Bch trut u dng 28g. Trong ngy
ung lun 2 thang th nht c tiu mt, nng cng bt, ngi bnh vui v. Li cho ung
thm Sm, Linh, Bch trut th khi hn. Cc chng bin thin vn ha nh trn l do sau khi
sinh xong dng lm php h m ra vy".
Y n Mch Trm SC
(Trch trong 'Lc th tam th y nghim' (Lc Dng Ngu)
"Phng T Qu, n, 14 tui, b i tin khng thng 3 ngy. Ba ca ngi bnh bn vi
mt thy thuc trong xm, ri cho ung my chc vin thuc hon nh ht m to. Ung xong
th i tin thng m li tiu chy, tiu tin vn b, 2 ngy sau th bng trng, rn li ra,
bng di thng au rt, khng ngi nm c, ngi bnh khc lc, rn r, thm ch i
t t. Khi ti mi n xem bnh th thy mch Trm Sc m 2 b xch li cng thm. Ti
ni rng : "y l bnh 'Chuyn phao'". Lc l u ma thu, tit tri nng nc, ti mi ly
nc ging, ha 'Lc nht tn' (Hot thch, Cam tho) vo ri cho ung th i tiu c. Khi
i tiu th rt au. Trong 2-3 ngy sau c rn th mi ra nhng nhiu nht, khng thng,
bng thng au nh b dao m. Xem li mch th vn thy l Trm Sc, lin dng Thng
ma 12g, Ct cnh, Si h, Ct cn, Cam tho u 4g, thng thanh ging trc. Ung xong
i tiu tin u thng, tiu ra ton l mu, i tin cng thy c mu, v vy c nh ngi
158

bnh u lo s. Ti mi ni: "By gi th khng c g ng lo na. Cc hon thuc ung

trc y, trong chc l c v Ba u. Chng b kt chc l do nhit ut, li dng thuc
cc nhit cng kch. Lc trc au nh b m, nay i ra mu u l do c trong Ba u
gy ra. Cho ung 'T gic a hong thang' (T gic, Sinh a, Thc dc, n b), thm
Hong lin v Sn Chi t th khi hn".
H- LIN QUAN GIA MCH SC V MCH KHC
- Sch 'Trung y bin chng lun tr ging ngha' xp cc loi mch ng, Tt, Xc vo loi
mch Sc nh sau:
Mch c Tn mch cng gc
Hnh thi mch,
gc im
tng mch
Loi Mt hi
Th mch ngn nh
NG
hnh ht u, i trn,
Mch th ca
nhanh, c lc.
Mch i rt nhanh
Sc thy
TT
mt hi th mch p
thuc
7-8 ln.

Hi chng tng
ng
C au n, kinh s.
Dng ta gn ht.
m b suy kit,
nguyn kh sp thot.

mch
ngi
bnh
p
nm

XC

Mch i nhanh m c Phn Dng vng,

lc ngng, ngng li nhit thnh, thc, m
khng theo mt s
m, kh huyt nh
nht nh.
tr.

ln tr
ln.
- Theo sch 'Lc mch cng lnh' th :
Mch Sc b quan khng c u ui l mch ng.
Mch i li thy l Sc, thng ng li (dng) ri li i tip l mch Xc.
- Trn Tu Vin a ra nhn nh so snh gia mch Sc vi cc mch khc nh sau :
Sc m i nh ht chu l mch ng.
Sc m i nh si dy vn li l mch Khn.
Sc m thnh thong ngng li l mch Xc.
159

Vy mch ng, mch Khn v mch Xc u cn c trn mch Sc.

MCH SP (SC)
( - Choppy (Hesitant) Pulse - Poulse Rugeux)
A- i cng
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) v thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn
18) nhc n mch Sp ( ) cc sch sau ny li dng l mch Sc ().
B- Hnh tng mch Sp
- Thin 'Hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Sp th T m Tr, qua li kh
khn, tn lon hoc c khi ngng ri li tip".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Sp thng kim tr, c hnh dng ging nh dao ch
tre".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch i li kh khn, khng lu li".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch i li st nh dao co nh ln cnh
tre".
- Sch 'Kt hp YHCT vi YHH trong lm sng' ghi:
c im ca mch lun thay i dng, tnh cht rt khng u nhau gia cc nht bp tim
lin tip vi tn s trung bnh khng nhanh ni ln mch Sp thuc loi lon nhp tn s
bnh thng hoc tn s chm.
Trung bnh thi gian nh ca cc mch Sp l:
+ Ti ng mch cnh: 0,15 sec +- 0,08 sec (bnh thng l 0,09 sec +- 0,01 sec ).
+ Ti ng mch quay: 0,15 sec +- 0,05 sec.
Trung bnh thi gian na nh ca chng l:
+ Ti ng mch cnh : 0,056 sec +- 0,06 (bnh thng : 0,04 + 0.01 sec ).
+ Ti ng mch quay: 0,052 +- 0,010 sec.
HNH V BIU DIN MCH SP
Sch ' ch Nan kinh mch quyt' biu din hnh v mch Sp nh sau:

160

Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' v mch Sp:

Sch 'Mch chn' biu din hnh v mch Sp:

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Sp

- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) cho rng phong hn thp xm nhp vo lm
cho kh vn hnh b tr ngi gy ra mch Sp".
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "Mch Sp l do tn dch hao tn, huyt thiu, khng nhu
nhun c kinh lc".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Sp do huyt t, tinh b tn thng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Huyt kh suy yu khng nhu nhun c
kinh lc v vy mch i li st cht. m vi thc n quyn kt hoc c huyt, ut kt, trng
h, lm kinh mch b tr ngi cng thy mch Sc".
D- Mch Sp ch bnh
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch Sp l dng kh c tha... dng kh
c tha th c th nng, khng ra m hi".
161

- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Mch Sp l mc chng t... Bnh
ngoi, mch Sp, cng th kh cha".
- Thin 'Thng bnh h thc lun' (T vn 28) ghi: "Chng trng tch m c th khng nng,
mch khng tuyt th sao?-K B p : Nu mch Hot i th sng, mch Sp th cht".
- Thin 'T thi nghch tng lun' (T vn 64) ghi: "Quyt m... thy mch Sp l b chng
tch kh vng bng di. Thiu m... thy mch Sp l b chng tch (t) v i ra mu.
Thi m... thy mch Sp l mc chng tch, hay kinh s. Thi dng... thy mch Sp l
mc chng tch, thnh thong pht in. Thiu dng... thy mch Sp l mc chng tch,
gn hay b rt v au mt".
- Chng 'Tr tt on trng tp mch php' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch n Sp l bnh hn
thp -Mch Sp l huyt t m nhiu kh".
- Chng 'Bin tam b cu hu mch chng' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch b xch m Sp l
kit l c ln mu, m hi nhiu".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Sp l thiu mu".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Sp ch huyt t, hn thp, phin v, vong dng. n
b mch Sp th nu khng c thai th kinh nguyt khng hnh. B thn Sp : ngc au, tm
h; B quan Sp : hng sn au, V b h; B xch Sp : tinh huyt b tn thng, kit l,
tiu ra mu".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Sc ch v huyt b hao,
tinh b tn, n b c bnh v thai hoc c chng xch bch i hoc huyt b bi. B thn
m Sc : V kh trn ln trn gy ra i; B quan m Sc : huyt b bi khng ngng; B xch
Sc : chn lnh, bng si".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Sp thy chng huyt t, tinh b tn thng,
chng kh tr hoc hn thp".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Sp ch kh b tr, tinh b tn thng,
huyt thiu, m, thc tch, huyt ".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Sp ch Tm huyt hao thiu, thiu hi, hn thp,
t au, kit l, co rt, sn h, m tch, thc n khng tiu. n ng th tinh b tn thng,
n b th huyt mt".
D- Mch Sp kim mch bnh
- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Mch Tiu, Nhc m Sp l bnh
lu ngy".

162

- Thin 'Thng bnh h thc lun' (T vn 28) ghi: "Chng trng tch ra ln m mu th sao?
- K B p: Mch tuyt th cht, Hot i th sng". Li hi: "Chng trng tch m c th
khng st mch khng tuyt th sao? K B p: Mch Hot i th sng, mch Sp th cht".
- Thin 'i k lun' (T vn 48) ghi: "Tng Tm v Can b chng trng tch cng ra mu,
nhng nu 2 tng cng mc bnh th cn cha c. Phm mch Tiu, Trm, Sp l chng
trng tch, nu c th nng th cht, nng lun 7 ngy cng cht".
- Thin 'iu kinh lun' (T vn 62) ghi: "m thnh sinh ra ni hn l nh th no? K B p:
Quyt kh nghch hn kh tch trong ngc m khng t ra c, khng t ra c th n kh
s b tan i, ch cn hn kh li, v vy huyt b ngng ng, ngng ng th mch khng
thng, thy mch Thnh i m Sp, do . lnh trong".
- Thin 'Ch chn yu i lun' (T vn 74) ghi: "Mch Dng minh n th on m Sp".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Cc mch Trm, Sp, Nhc, Huyn, Vi
l cc mch m... bnh thuc dng m thy mch m th cht". - "Ngi bnh thy mch Vi
m Sp l do thy thuc gy ra. Dng php pht hn cho ra nhiu m hi, li dng php h
nhiu ln, s b vong huyt, s lnh ri sau pht st khng ngng. S d nh vy l v
dng suy th s lnh, m nhc th pht st, l do thy thuc dng php pht hn lm
dng kh suy, li dng php i h lm cho m kh b nhc... Li thy b xch Tr Sp, v
vy bit rng l du hiu vong huyt".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch c Huyn, Ph, Khn, Hot, Trm,
Sp, 6 mch ny gi l tn tc, u l mch c bnh. Mch phu (xung) dng Phc m Sp.
Phc th i nghch, khng tiu ha, Sp th n vo khng c, gi l chng quan cch. Mch thn khu Vi m Sp. Vi l v kh khng vn hnh, Sp l vinh huyt khng theo
kp... Cc mch dng nh Ph, Sp l bnh Ph, cc mch m nh Tr Sp l bnh
tng".
- Chng 'Bin thi m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi m trng phong,
tay chn nng au, mch b thn Vi, b xch th Sp m Trng l bnh sp khi".
- Chng 'Bin hoc lon bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun ) ghi: "Thng hn
m thy mch Vi Sp l gc hoc lon".
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "n ng mch
Ph, Nhc m Sp th khng th c con, tinh kh (dch) trong v lng".
- Chng 'Phc mn hn sn mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Hi: Ngi b
chng n khng tiu lm sao m phn bit c? Thy p rng: Mch thn khu Ph m
i, n tay li thy Sp, b xch cng Vi m Sp, v vy bit l n khng tiu".
- Chng 'Ng tng phong hn mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch phu
(xung) dng Ph m Sp. Ph l v kh thnh, Sp th tiu nhiu ln. Ph v Sp tng bc
v vy i tin bn l du hiu T b c thc".
163

- Chng 'Thy kh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch thn khu Tr
m Sp. Tr l hn, Sp l huyt khng ".
- Chng 'u th u h li bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch phu
dng Ph m Sp. Ph l h, Sp l T b tn thng v vy khng vn ha c, sng n
vo, chiu i ra, thy cc li khng tiu ha c, gi l chng phn v. Mch Khn m
Sp th kh cha".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Sp m Khn l chng t. on m Sp l
bn trong lnh, trng kt".
G- Mch Sp v iu tr
- Chng 'Bin Thi dng bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Thng hn lun) ghi: "Nh Dng
cng bnh, lc mi mc bnh Thi dng th phi dng php hn. Nu m hi khng ra
ht th s truyn sang kinh dng minh, v vy m hi ra t m s lnh. Nu pht hn khng
trit th dng b c ch khng vt ra ngoi c, phi ra m hi m li khng ra c
sinh ra phin to, khng bit ch au, khi th au bng khi th au chn tay, hi th ngn,
l do m hi khng ra ht vy. Lm sao m bit m hi khng ra ht? Thy mch Sp th
bit vy. Thng hn m thy mch b thn Sp, b xch Huyn, t trong bng au d.
Cho ung bi 'Tiu kin trung thang' ( Bch thc, Nhc qu, Cam tho, Sinh khng, i
to). Nu khng bt th cho ung bi 'Tiu si h thang' ( Si h, Bn h, Nhn sm, Cam
tho, Hong cm, Gng, To). Thng hn 8-9 ngy phong thp tng bc, c th au
nhc, khng xoay tr c, khng i, khng kht, mch Ph, H m Sp, cho ung bi 'Qu
chi ph t thang' (Qu chi, Ph t, Cam tho, Gng, To).
- Chng 'Bin dng minh bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Dng minh
bnh, ni xm, nng tng cn, mch Hot m Tt, cho ung bi 'Tiu tha kh thang' ( i
hong, Ch thc, Hu phc)... Qua hm sau m khng i tin c, mch li Vi, Sp l
phn l b h, kh cha, khng th cho ung tip 'Tiu tha kh thang' c na".
- Chng 'Phc mn hn sn mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch thn khu
Ph m i, n tay li thy Sp, b xch cng Vi m Sp, bit l chng n khng tiu, cho
ung bi 'i tha kh thang' (i hong, Ch thc, Hu phc, Mang tiu ).
- Chng 'Ng tng phong hn tch mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch phu
dng Ph m Sp... Ph Sp tng bc lm cho i tin cng, l T b c thc, cho
ung bi 'Ma t nhn hon' ( Ma nhn, i hong, Ch xc, Hu phc, Bch thc, Hnh
nhn).
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch b thn thy Sc l kim ti
ln ha, V kh trn ln trn, cho ung bi 'Quy t thang' ( ng sm, Hong k, Bch trut,
Phc linh, To nhn, Qu vin nhc, Mc hng, Chch tho, ng quy, Vin ch, Gng,
To ). Mch b quan thy Sc l kim mc hp nhau, bi huyt khng ngt, php cha nn t
Ph. Mch b xch thy Sc l ha vi kim hp li, dng kh trong h, m kh c tha
cho nn sinh ra lnh gi, h v hn cng va chm gy ra chng si bng. Cho ung bi 'Sm
164

ph l trung thang' bi Bch trut ( Nhn sm, Ph t, Bch trut, Can khng, Chch tho,
To, Gng).
H- Mch Sp qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "... Bt k l nam hoc n, nu thy mch b xch Trm
Sp th kh m c con, v huyt b thiu, tinh b tn thng. Nu mch thai m thy Sp t
khng huyt m nui thai. Nu khng c thai m thy mch Sp l triu chng m suy,
ty kit. Cch chung, ht thy cc s vt trong th gian, nhu nhun tt trn tru, kh kit tt rt
sp, v vy mch Hot l m m, mch Sp ch m suy, l c nhin l nh vy, khng cn
nghi ng g na".
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi: "... Sp l mch m cng loi H, T, Vi,
Tr, l triu chng kh huyt u h, l thiu kh, lo phin, t au, co qup, mt cm gic,
khng ra m hi, l T b hn nn n t, l V b hn nn hay nn ma, tiu tin kh, tay chn
quyt lnh. n ng th thng tinh, n b th tht huyt, kinh nguyt khng u, khng c
con. Phm mch thy Sp tr, phn nhiu l do tht tnh khng tha, vinh v b hao tn,
huyt khng y , kh khng thng sut, trn l thng tiu khng th th, di l h
tiu khng vn ha, biu l gn ct mi nh, l l tinh thn st km, u l thuc dng
h. C nhiu nh (y gia) ni rng mch Sp l kh nhiu m huyt t. H c th thy mch
khng lu li ri ni l kh nhiu c sao?".
- Sch 'Mch hc tp yu' ghi: "... Nay nghim thy khng nhng do m thc m cn do
tht tnh ut kt hoc sn, h, tch kh lm cho mch o b tr ngi v th tng mch thy
Sp. Cn phn bit mch c lc hoc khng c lc nh h thc".
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui)ghi: "Mch Sp... l do tn (dch)
hao, huyt thiu, khng nhu nhun c kinh lc, nn tng mch thy Sp rt khng u.
Kinh ghi: "Mch Sp l mc chng t". "Mch Sp th tim au". "B xch nhit m mch Sp
l chng gii a", u l cc triu chng dng kh c tha, m huyt tiu vong, nn khi
bnh th c th st m khng ra m hi. Cng c khi do m thc giao c trong ngoi, mch
bn ngoi b tr tr nn tng mch thy Sp, Sc m h, l m b thy cc lm hi.
Sch 'Kim qy' ghi: "Mch thn khu Ph m i, n tay li thy Sp, v vy bit l chng
n khng tiu". Thy rng: thp bnh nng nhiu m mch Sp, thy thng bng to m mch
Sp, tiu n kht nhiu m mch Sp, m suyn m mch Sp, bnh ngoi m mch
Sp, n b c thai m mch Sp th u l mch v chng b tri nhau. C khi nhn thai b
bnh m thy mch Sp, nhng ch c th thy trong 2-3 thng u, cn sau 4 thng thai
thnh hnh, nn khng c l no thy c. Sch 'Kim qy' ghi: "n ng mch Ph Nhc,
Sp th khng c con, tinh kh trong, lng".
- Sch 'Mch ng' ghi: "Mch Sp ch v cc bnh thng tinh v vong huyt, chng huyt
t, hn thp xm nhp vo phn vinh, tim au, 2 bn sn au, gii a, phn v, vong huyt,
trng kt, lo phin, co qup, mt cm gic, khng ra m hi, T b hn, nh tin khng u,
tay chn quyt lnh, n ng th thng tinh, n b th tht huyt. Li ghi: "C thai l thai b
bnh, tiu kh cng l kh tr". Kinh ghi: "Mch Nhc v Sp l bnh lu ngy". Nhng
cng c khc nhau hoc bm ph kinh lc khng thng hoc tht tnh ut c hoc ung
165

nhiu thuc b lm cho kh huyt b ng tr, hoc n ung qu nhiu hoc m nhiu hoc t
vn ng, cc chng trn y u thy mch Sp. Nhng khng ch v thng tinh vong
huyt vy. Chng h lao thy mch T Sc m Sp hoc thy Kt i l sp cht. Phm
thy mch Sp th phi xem xt bnh c mi khng b sai lm. Sch 'Mch php' ghi: "Sp l
huyt thiu, ch tinh b tn thng, b thn Sp l tim au, hi hp, b quan Sp l m h
nn nng trong. Tay phi l T h, tay tri l sn au tc, b xch Sp l tiu kh hoc
tiu ra mu. Nu c thai l thai b bnh, khng c thai l huyt b kit".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Sp l mch sp rt, qua li kh khn. Huyt pht ra t
Tm, Tm bnh th huyt chu lu khng thng sut, v vy mi ni l 'Mch Sp th tim au'.
y l bnh ni thng. Nu ngoi t xm nhp, mch kh vn hnh khng thng m thy
Sp l mch lc th t".
- Sch 'Kt Hp YHCT v YHH trong lm sng' ghi: "Trong cng 1 bn ng mch , cc
khong cch gia cc nht bp tim lin tip rt khng u nhau, ko theo bin ci cao, ci
thp kin cho lng y lc bt mch 'Sp' cm thy nh Ln ng ghi trong 'Y gia quan min'
l mch Sp i li rt kh khn, khi 5 khi 3 khng u gi l mch rt sp. Hoc nh Tu Tnh
m t theo li hnh tng ha trong sch 'Hng ngha gic t y th' l 'mch i st, khng lu
li, dng nh li dao kh co trn mnh trc'. Mt khc, thi gian tin tng mu, thi gian
nh, thi gian na nh phn ln chm hn thng m li khng ging nhau cc nht bp
lin tip. Thng s huyt ng ca tng nht bp cng khc nhau v ni chung thp hn
bnh thng, mch p trung bnh tn s bnh thng hoc chm, tt c cc im kin
cho lng y lc bt mch Sp c cm gic nh Ln ng m t theo li hnh tng ha trong
'Y gia quan min' l 'mch chy h, nh m chm, hnh trng nh ht ma thm trn ct".
Bi ca Mch SP (m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng : Sp mch i li kh khn,
T, tr, on, tn ta ngng di tay.
Nh ma ngm ct tan ngay,
Tm du n l du ny chm sao?
Tng loi : Sp th sc sch khng u,
Ch tre dao nh c chiu kh khn.
Vi nh nh th lng mng,
Ph trm kh th bin rng c khng.
Ch bnh : Sp v huyt t, tinh thng,
Hoc l phin v, vong dng chng lnh.
166

Huyt t, hn thp vo vinh,

n b chng nghn th kinh khng hnh.
Thn Sp au ngc tm h,
Quan Sp hip trng v h r rng.
Xch Sp tinh huyt tn thng,
L mu tiu gt, kt trng ng lo.
Bi ca Mch SP (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch Sp kim tr rnh rnh,
Xem ta nh hnh dao nh ch tre,
Khi xem mch suy,
Tr, t m on y th gm ba.
Ch bnh: Sp l huyt thiu tinh thng,
Thn sp au bng hoc thng chinh xung.
Quan m h, nhit trong,
T sn y, hu thuc dng t h.
Xch Sp huyt li, lm di,
n b huyt st hoc l c thai.
Kim mch: Sp m kim i mch ny,
L c thc nhit ta nay phi tng.
Sp m h nhuyn r rng,
L c h ha bng bng bc ln.
I- Cc Y n Mch Sp (Sc)
Y n Mch SC Hon i
(Trch trong 'Dip Th n khoa y n')
167

"Mt ngi n b mc chng xch bch i h. Lc gin th vng sn ngc b kh chu, n

ung km. dng thuc tiu o, li kh. m suyn y ngc, i tin ra mu, mch Sc,
Hon, i. Ti cho rng T kh b suy tn, gi thp nhit m khng nhip c huyt v kinh,
v vy tin m v hu m l ni huyt h. Trc ht, dng bi 'B trung ch kh thang' ( Bch
trut, ng quy, Hong k, Nhn sm, Si h, Thng ma, Trn b, Cam tho, Gng, To ),
thm Bo khng, Bch thc, Phc linh, Bn h ha thp nhit, an vinh kh. Li dng
bi 'Bt trn thang' ( Thc a, Xuyn khung, ng quy, Bch thc, Nhn sm, Phc linh.
Bch trut, Cam tho ) thm Si h, Sn chi, th cc chng u khi c".
Y n Mch SP
(Trch trong 'Tp ch ng y' s 164 )
"Nguyn Th H. 40 tui. St, hi rt, c th au, chng mt, hoa mt trong lng bun bc, t
kht, ung t, chn tay nng n, kh chu, ting ni nng, ru li trng dnh, mch Sp.
Chn on l th kim thp. Cho dng: d 15g, Cu tch 20g, Bch ch 10g, Bc h 10g,
Hng ph (ch) 10g, Hu phc 10g, Bn h (ch) 10g, Sa nhn 5g, Xa tin t 5g, Xuyn
khung 5g, Gng ti 3 lt sc ung. Ung 3 thang th khi".

MCH T
( - Thin Pulse, Slender Pulse - Pouls Fin)
A- i cng
- Sch 'Ni kinh' c ch ghi l mch T c ch li ghi l mch Tiu .
- Sch 'Mch kinh' ch c mch T, khng c mch Tiu.
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' gii thch: "T hoc Tiu l da theo hnh tng m ni, t
ngha ca n khng khc bit nhiu...".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "H Mng Giao ni: Tiu tng phn vi
i, gi l T th mch Tiu tc l mch T."
168

B- Hnh tng mch T

- Chng 'Hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch T nh, ln hn mch Vi".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Mch T ngha l nh, hnh tng nh si dy, mch Vi
th l m kh thy cn T th r rng, d thy".
- Sch 'Mch ng ' ghi: "Mch T th nh, thng m mm, ng di tay nh si t, ch".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch T nh si dy nh m mm'.
HNH V BIU DIN MCH T
- Sch 'Mch chn' ghi: "Hnh v mch T di y ( so snh vi mch i cho d thy):

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch T

- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi: "Mch T l do huyt b lnh, kh, h, khng lm cho
y vy ".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch T do kh huyt u h, khng
thc y mch hoc do thp t ngn tr mch o gy ra".
D- Mch T ch bnh
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Thy mch Tiu m sc mt khng i mi l
bnh - Mch T th kh t".
- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Mch b xch lnh m T l chng n
xong th i t ngay".
- Thin 'Ngc c chn tng lun' (T vn 19) ghi: "Mch T, da lnh, hi th ngn, i tiu
tin u tit li, khng n ung c l chng Ng H".
- Thin 'Tam b cu hu lun' (T vn 20) ghi: "Hnh th thnh m mch T, thiu hi khng
th l bnh ang nguy".

169

- Thin 'Thng bnh h thc lun' (T vn 28) ghi: "Ph n nui con, b bnh nhit m mch
Tiu l th no? - K B tr li: Tay chn nng th sng, tay chn lnh th cht".
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn 5-6
ngy, u ra m hi, hi s lnh, tay chn lnh, v qun y, ming khng mun n, i tin
bn, mch T, l dng hi b kt".
- Chng 'Ng tng phong hn mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch n T
m np vo xng l chng tch".
- Chng 'Thy kh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Thiu dng
Tiu, mch Thiu m T, nam th tiu kh, n th kinh nguyt khng thng".
- Chng 'Tr tt on trng tp mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Tiu l huyt thiu, bnh
Tm".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh nghi tr' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu m T
th pht st, nn ma".
- Chng 'Bin tam b cu hu mch chng' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch b quan dao ng m
b xch v thn li T l c tch lnh ngc, bng, trng h, tch t, mun n thc n
nng".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch T thy chng kh suy, chng thp".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch T ch kh huyt u h, h lao, kh
huyt dn xung".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch T ch huyt h, thiu hi, tiu chy, kit l, thp
t, xng au, bng v d dy au, nn ma, sn h, tch lnh, hi hp".
T Thn T

Hu Thn T

Hi hp, mt ng.
T Quan T

Nn ma
Hu Quan T

Can m kh kit.
T Xch T

T h, y trng.
Hu Xch T

Tiu chy, kit l, di tinh.

H tiu lnh, suy.

E- Mch T kim mch bnh

170

- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Mch Tiu, Thc m cng l bnh bn
trong. Mch Tiu Nhc m Sp l bnh lu ngy".
- Thin 'Tam b cu hu' (T vn 20) ghi: "Mch ca cu hu u Trm, Tiu m cch tuyt
nhau, l m, ch v ma ng, s cht vo khong na m".
- Thin 'Thng bnh h thc lun' (T vn 28) ghi: "Bnh in th sao? K B p: Thy mch
i m Hot th lu ngy s t khi, nu thy mch Tiu Cp m cng, s cht khng cha
c".
- Thin 'Bnh Nng Lun' (T vn 46) ghi: "Ngi b bnh V ung qun phi chn on bng
cch no? K B p: Chn bnh , nn xt mch ca V, s thy Trm T, Trm T l do
c kh nghch".
- Thin 'i k lun' (T vn 48) ghi: "Mch ca Thn thy Tiu m Cp, mch ca Tm thy
Tiu m Cp, khng bt ln, u l chng h. Mch ca Thn thy Tiu, bt ln tay m li
Trm l chng trng tit c mu. Mch ca Can thy Tiu v Cp s pht ra chng gin
khit v co qup. Tm v Can... thy mch Tiu, Trm, Sp l chng trng tit".
- Chng 'Thng hn l' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch 2 b xch v thn u Trm T l
kinh Thi m b bnh. Ni xm, c th hi st, mch Ph i, tay chn nng th sng, tay
chn lnh th cht".
- Chng 'Bin kinh thp t bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi dng
bnh pht st, mch Trm m T l chng knh (co rt). Thi dng bnh, cc khp au
nhc m phin to, mch Trm T l chng thp t".
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi dng bnh th
phi s lnh, pht st, nay li t ra m hi m khng s lnh, pht st, mch b quan li
T Sc, l do thy thuc dng php th (lm cho i) m gy ra. Trng hp b kt hung,
n ung nh thng, kit l, mch thn Ph, mch quan Tiu (T) Trm, Khn l chng tng
b kt, trn li c ru trng trn th kh cha. Thi dng bnh, dng php h cha...
nu thy mch T Sc th u cha ht au".
- Chng 'Bin Thiu dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn m
mch Huyn T, u au, pht st l thuc v Thiu dng".
- Chng 'Bin thiu m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thiu m mc bnh,
thy mch Trm, T, Sc l bnh lng, v vy, khng th pht hn. Thiu m mch Vi, T,
Trm ch mun nm, ra m hi, khng phin to, 5-6 ngy sau li i l, phin to m khng
ng c th cht".
- Chng 'Kinh thp yt bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Thi dng bnh,
cc khp au nhc m phin to, mch Trm m T l chng thp t".
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi : " n ng bnh
thng m thy mch H, Nhc, T, Vi th thng ra m hi trm".
171

- Chng 'Thy kh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi : "Mch Thiu dng
Tiu, mch Thiu m T, n ng th tiu kh, n b th kinh nguyt khng thng".
- Chng 'Ng tng phong hn mch chng tnh tr'(Kim qu yu lc) ghi : "Mch n T
m np vo xng l chng tch".
- Chng 'm m khi thu mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi : " Mch Ph m
T, Hot l chng thng m".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan...nghi' (Mch kinh) ghi : "Mch b quan T, H l bng y".
- Chng 'Bin tam b cu hu mch chng tnh nghi' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch b xch T
Vi th i tin lng".
- Chng 'Tp bnh' (Mch kinh) ghi : "Mch Huyn Tiu (T) l chng hn tit - "m t xm
nhp th thy mch Trm T".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch T ch bnh kh suy, h lao; T thn T th hi hp,
mt ng; T quan T l Can m b hao mn; T xch T l tit t, kit l, di tinh; Hu thn T
l kh suy, nn ma; Hu quan T th V b h, y trng; Hu xch T l h nguyn b
lnh".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch T Sc l nhit, T Khn l hn, T Trm l thp
t, khp au. T Nhc l ra m hi trm. T Vi l tiu chy do hn. T Huyn l Can h. T
Sp l huyt h, phn v".
G- Mch T v iu tr
- Chng 'Bin thiu m bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thiu m mch
bnh, thy mch Trm, T, Sc l bnh lng, v vy khng th dng php pht hn".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Tay chn quyt lnh,
mch T mun tuyt th cho ung bi 'ng quy t nghch thang' ( ng quy, Thc
dc, Qu chi, T tn, Chch tho, Thng tho, i to )".
- Chng 'Ngc bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "St rt... mch Huyn,
Tiu (T), Khn, dng php h th bt".
- Chng 'Hung t tm thng mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chng hung t,
suyn th, ngc lng au, ngn hi, mch thn khu Trm m Tr, b quan th Tiu, Khn,
Sc, cho ung bi 'Qut lu gii bch bch tu thang' (Qut lu, Gii bch, Bch tu)".
- Chng 'Ph n nhm thn bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Ph n
mch b xch Tiu, Nhc, kht nc khng n c, l (du hiu) c thai, cho ung bi
'Qu chi thang' (Qu chi, Bch thc, Cam tho, Sinh khng, i to)".

172

- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch T Sc l rt hn, cho
ung bi 'Ph t l trung thang' hoc bi 'Bt v a hong hon' ( Thc a, Hoi sn, Sn
th, n B, Trch t, Bch linh, Nhc qu, Ph t ); B hu thn Trm T m Hot Sc,
nng m trong xng, cho ung bi 'T vt thang' (ng quy, Thc a, Bch thc,
Xuyn khung) thm a ct b; Mch b hu thn Trm T m khng Sc, cho ung bi 'T
qun t thang' (Nhn sm, Bch linh, Bch trut, Cam tho) thm Hong cm, Hong k".
H- Mch T qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Chn tng tam mui' ghi: "Mch Tiu, Nhc tuy l do nguyn kh khng , nhng
Tiu m n tay xung vn khng thy suy, n lu vn c lc li l do thc nhit c kt. Nu
mch Tiu m li thy triu chng nhit l khng thnh, l mch v chng nghch nhau.
Cng c ngi bnh thng m li thy mch m c 6 b hoc mt tay thin v Tiu.
Nu do bnh m thy mch T Tiu th ty theo thy b no m phi iu l cho thch hp
ch khng th b qua. Nu thy mch Tiu Nhc Nhn Nghinh l v kh b suy, thy
thn khu l dng khng , thy b xch l m khng . H sau khi bnh m thy mch
Nhc Tiu l chnh kh tuy b h nhng t kh cng lui, v vy bnh s khi. Nu Tiu m
kim Hot, Thc, Phc khng phi l chng thc nhit ut kt bn trong hay sao? Kinh c
ghi: "Xem mch thy Hot, Tiu, Khn m Trm l bnh cng nng trong". Li ghi thm:
"n bnh m st cao, mch li T, Tiu tay chn nghch lnh th cht. n b nui con m
bnh nhit, mch li Tiu, nu chn tay nng th sng, chn tay lnh th cht. Mch Tiu m
chn tay lnh th kh cha, tay chn nng th d cha. Bng au thy mch Tiu m Tr th
d cha, nu thy i m Cp th kh cha. n khng tiu, tiu chy, tiu sng phn m
thy mch Vi Tiu lin lc th sng, nu cu cp th cht. Xem trn y th thy r ch quan
trng ca mch chng thun nghch vy. Sch 'Ni kinh' c ghi v mch T nh sau: "Mch
T l kh t" - "Mch T np vo xng l chng tch" - "Mch b xch lnh m T l chng
n vo i tiu ngay" - "u au m mch T Hon l chng trng thp", xem th thy r l
do m t, v vy cc chng V b h, bing n, bng au, tiu chy, thp t, chn yu, m hi
t ra, u thy c mch T, ch khc nhau l kim Ph hoc kim Trm b thn hoc b
xch m thi. Nu ngi thng m thy mch T, Nhc, Tiu l do lo ngh qu , hi n
chn nguyn m ra. Nu hnh thnh m mch T, thiu hi khng th hoc bnh nhit
m mch T, tinh thn m mui th u l mch khng ng vi bnh, v vy, khng th bn
nh mch H T c".
- Sch 'Mch ng'' ghi: "Mch T th nh, thng m mm, ng di ngn tay nh si t ch,
v vy, nn gp ngi gi yu, huyt kh u suy, hoc tinh b tn thng, t ra m hi
hoc thp kh lm hi thn, hoc b kit k lm cho m b thot, hoc u au th h lnh
hoc v b h, bng trng, hoc mt hoa, gn suy yu. Sch 'Mch kinh' c ghi: "Mch T
Tiu l huyt kh b suy, c cc triu chng l thun, nu khng c cc triu chng l
nghch. V vy cc chng chy mu mi, nn ma, bng trng m thy mch Trm T l
sng. Lo ngh mt nhc qu cng thy mch T. Cch cha phi n b. Tui trng nin
m sc mch T l khng hp vi hnh th vy. Mch n nh T hoc do thnh lnh gp
phi hn lnh, kinh lc ng tr, v vy c mch Trm T v kinh kh khng u t lm cho
mch T, do , khng th lm cho l h ri dng php n b s lm cho t kh c kt. Cao
C Phong c ni : "Mch T tt Trm, ch nn kim Hot l d m mch, ngi bnh thng
hay c. Nu thy kim Sc, Huyn l mch ca chn nguyn kh kit, khng cha c".
173

- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Cc chng h lao tn m thy mch T th bnh nng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Ngi thng thy mch T Nhc l do lo
ngh qu , thng tn chn nguyn. Nu hnh thnh, mch T, hi khng th hoc
bnh nhit, tinh thn m ti, mch T, l mch v bnh khng tng hp, u thuc v
chng nguy".
- Khi so snh gia mch T v mch Vi, ng Tn Hi nhn xt nh sau : "Mch Vi ch kh
h hn l huyt h, cn mch T ch huyt h hn l kh h v kh h nn mch nhy khng
c sc cn huyt h th mch nh".
Bi ca Mch T (m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: T nh nh si t tm,
Di tay trm trm khng cht ngng dy.
Xun h tui tr khng hay,
Thu ng gi yu mch ny cng nn.
Tng loi: Nhu th ph T mm thay,
Nhc th trm T khc ry mch Nhu.
Vi th ph T pht ph,
T th trm t ta h si t.
Ch bnh: Mch T ch bnh phi rnh,
Kh huyt, suy km tht tnh h lao.
Khng thp kh thng thn yu (eo lng),
Th thng tinh vi ra nhiu m hi.
Thn T hay nn ma ,
Quan T th ch v h bng y,
Xch T an in lnh thay,
Di tinh kit l bnh ny thot m.
Bi ca Mch T (Chn gia chnh nhn)
174

Mch tng: Li xem mch T ra sao ?

Thng m mm mi c chiu nh thay.
Ta h nh mt si dy,
Mch vi so snh, mch ny r hn.
Ch bnh: Mch T ch bnh l g.
H lao cc chng kh suy tng.
T thn kh ng, chinh xung,
Hu thn kh km li cng ma nn.
T quan can m kh mn,
Hu quan y trng hon ton v h.
T xch tit, ly, tinh, di,
Hu xch T th lnh chn h nguyn.
I- CC Y N MCH T
Y n Mch Huyn - T - Sc
(Trch trong 'Vng Th y n')
"H Thch thnh lnh b trng bng, 1 tun sau th lm m gia rn. Thy thuc ngoi
khoa cho l trng ung dng thuc n b gy ra ho m khng ng c, trong bng au
tht, m thy xanh , i tin khng thng. Vng Mch Anh chn bnh thy mch
Huyn, T m Sc, mi sm, kht nc, lin ni: "Xem mch th thy l chn m qu h,
cc v thuc nh Hong k, Bch trut, ng quy, Nhc qu u cm dng. Cho ung bi
'Cam l m' ( T b dip, Thc a, Mch mn, Ch xc, Nhn trn, Sinh a, Thin mn,
Thch hc, Chch tho, Hong cm ) thm Ty dng sm, Thin hoa Phn, Bi mu, Hnh
nhn, ng qua t th m, ho dn ht... Thy thuc ngoi khoa ni rng chng bnh ny
rt k cc v thuc c tnh nhun v tit t, khng c dng nhiu. Mch Anh ni: "m h
th dch to, tn dch khng sinh ra c, khi cn cn cn khng c hung g li cn cu
n, khng bit thng bin sao?". Vn dng phng thuc c nhng b bt v Hnh nhn,
Hoa phn, Bi mu, thm Tri mu, Bch hp, Hp hoan. Qu nhin cc chng u gim bt,
t lu sau, rn ng vy ri khi hn".
Y n Mch T Li Trng
(Trch trong 'Ai lu y n')
175

"Mt ngi b au bng, kit l, i l ngy m khng nht nh, ra m hi lnh, tay chn
lnh, mch T, li trng l do th thp nhit kt tr li. Bnh 5 ngy khng gim. Ngi
bnh hay ung ru lm cho T b h, t khng th ha nhit tit ra c v th hay thy
ra m hi nhiu, lm cho dng kh b hi, kit l lm hi m huyt. Phm bng au m l
cp hu trng th cch cha phi nn dng php thng. Ming kh, phin to, b tiu th cch
tr phi nn thanh, thm. Chng ny l do T dng vn km nn khng vn ha c, t
tr cha ng th chnh kh h, thnh ra phi b tay. Tm dng php n trung, thm s t
ha tr. Dng Ph t (ch) 2g, Kin khc 6g, Xch linh 12g, Mc hng 1,2g, Hong lin (sao
ru) 2g.
Chn ln hai: Kit l thy gim phn na, trng ln ln, tay chn m, t ra m hi, li
trng, ru li nhn nh c, l cp hu trng bt, xem mch thy Trm T, trong bng
cn au. y l T h, thp th kt tr nn cha vn ha c. Dng php n trung vn t.
Dng Ph t (ch) 2g, Hu phc 2,8g, Hong lin 1,2g, Bch trut 4g, Can khng 2g,
Phng phong 4g, Mc hng 1,2g, Ch thc 2,8g, n b 4g, Xch linh 12g.
Khm ln ba: Kit l gim nhiu, ru li i, ht au bng, tiu tin , tng mch thnh
ln, mun n cm. Trung dng vn ng th cn lo g t tr khng ha, dng php ha
trung: Bch trut 6g, Kin khc 6g, Hu phc 2,8g, Bin u 12g, Ct cnh 2g, Nhc qu
1,6g, Hot thch 12g, d nhn 12g. Bnh khi".

MCH THC
( - Full Pulse - Pouls Plein)
A- i cng
- Mch l ph ca huyt, huyt kh c tha th mch phi sung thnh, v vy, thin 'Thch ch
lun' (T vn 53) ghi: "Mch Thc th huyt thc".
- Nu t kh thnh, mch kh n thy cng, c lc, 3 b u nh vy, cng l mch Thc. V
vy, sch 'Y thut' ghi: "Mch Thc ch v thc nhit, khng ch v h hn".

176

- Cn phn bit r l chnh Thc hoc t Thc. Sch ' Thi ph diu dng' ghi: "Di tay thy
r rng m ha hon l nguyn kh Thc, di tay thy mch kh bt ln m khng r t kh
Thc".
B- Hnh tng mch Thc
- Chng 'Mch hnh tng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Thc th i m Trng,
hi mnh, n tay xung thy bt ln".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Thc thng Ph i m cng, c lc, c 3 b u
thy r".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch i dy chc, hu lc, di ln, v cng chc".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Thc... 3 b mch n nh hoc nng
tay u thy c lc".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH THC
- Sch 'Mch chn' biu din hnh v mch Thc:

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Thc

- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Thc l do dng ha ut kt".
- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "Mch Thc l do t kh thnh".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "T kh v chnh kh chng nhau, v vy
ng mch y chc, ng vo tay hu lc (Thc)".
D- Mch Thc ch bnh
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch ca V m Thc th bng trng".
- Thin 'Thng bnh h thc lun' (T vn 28) ghi: "Mch ca chng in th nh th no? K
B p: H th c th cha khi, Thc th cht". Chng tiu n h thc th no? K B
p: Mch thc m i th d bnh lu vn cha c".
177

- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh tr nghi' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu Thc t
sinh nhit, T Ph th nn ngc, hi th nhanh ( dn dp). Mch b quan Thc th d dy
au. Mch b xch Thc th bng di au, tiu tin khng t ch".
- Chng 'Bnh tng bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Thy cc vo th thy mch cng, Thc".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi; "Mch Thc ch huyt thc nhit kt, ha t thnh. T thn
Thc ch chng tm lao, li cng, ngc y tc. t quan Thc th cnh sn au (do Can
ha vng). T xch Thc th bng di au, tiu tin b, Hu thn Thc th Ph b bnh,
nn ngc, hng au, Hu quan Thc th bng y trng, au. Hu xch Thc th tng
ha vng".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch t thn Thc th trong
ngc nng phin. Mch b quan Thc th trong v c h nhit gy au trung tiu. Mch b
xch Thc th bng di y tc, tiu nhiu".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Thc thy cc chng t kh thnh, ha chng t
thnh hoc t thc ng kt".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Thc ch kh tc, tch, ph ung, n khng tiu,
bng sng, sn trng, nhit thnh, hng au, i tin kh".
T Thn THC

Hu Thn THC

Li cng.
T Quan THC

Hng au.
Hu Quan THC

Can ha vng, sn au.

T Xch THC

Bng trng y do kh
thp.
Hu Xch THC

i tin b, bng au.

Tng ha khng nghch.

E- Mch Thc kim mch bnh

- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Mch Tiu, Thc m cng l bnh
trong".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Thc Khn l hn tch lu. Thc Hot l m ngng tr".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
Mch Thc m Ph, i c lc l ngoi cm phong, hn, th, thp.
Thc m Trm c lc l ni thng do n ung tht thng.
178

Thc Trm m Huyn l hn thnh trong.

Thc m Sc l chng ph ung (p xe phi).
Thc Hng l ha t qu vng.
F- Mch Thc v tr liu
- Chng 'Bin dng minh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Ngi bnh
phin nhit, ra m hi m gii, nay li thy nh st rt, x tra pht nng, l thuc
Dng minh. Thy mch Thc th nn dng php h (x)... H bng bi 'i tha kh thang'
( i hong, Ch thc, Hu phc, Mang tiu)".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Thc l phc dng n
phc bn trong th hn s ng ngoi m bn trong nng bng bng, nng qu th hi kim,
kim b thng th s h, kim h th khng bnh c mc, mc thnh th li khc th, cho nn
T V b h. T b nhit cho nn V cng b nhit. V nhit th b ng tc gy ra km n, thuc
n ha l 'Bnh v tn' (Thng trut, Hu phc, Trn b, Chch tho) hoc bi 'D cng tn'
( ng sm, Bch linh, Bch trut, Cam tho, Trn b) thm Hong cm. - Mch t thn Thc
l trong lng ngc kim b ha tr y lm nng d, cho ung bi 'Lng cch tn' (Lin
kiu, i hong, Mang tiu, Chch tho, Chi t, Hong cm, Bc h). - Mch t quan Thc l
trung tiu c phong nhit cho nn au nhi, nn ung bi 'T vt thang' (Thc a, Bch
thc, ng quy, Xuyn khung) thm Long m, n b; Hoc cho ung bi 'Tiu si h
thang' ( Si h, Bn h, Nhn sm, Chch tho, Hong cm, Sinh khng, i to ). - Mch
hu quan Thc l trong V c nhit gy au nhi, cho ung bi 'Bi th c trung thang' (Bch
trut, Chch tho, Can khng, Thc a) thm Bch thc. - Mch t xch Thc nn cho
ung Ph t, Can khng. Mch hu xch Thc nn cho ung bi 'Lc v a hong hon'
( Thc a, n b, Hoi sn, Trch t, Sn th, Bch linh). Nu tiu cha cm, thm ch tr
nhn".
G- Mch Thc qua cc li bn
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi: "Mch Thc l t kh thc, n tay nh hoc
nng u thy mch kh bt ln c lc. Mch Thc c m c dng. Cng loi l cc mch
Huyn, Hng, Khn, Hot. Biu t Thc th thy mch Ph i c lc do phong hn th thp
xm nhp vo kinh mch v vy thy cc chng thng hn dng ngc hoc l pht nng
au u mi nght, u sng hoc l c th, gn xng au nhc, ung c. T Thc phn
l th thy mch Trm Thc c lc, do ni thng tng v n ung, tht tnh, v vy, thy
cc chng y trng hoc kt b hoc trng h hoc huyt hoc m m hoc au bng,
hen suyn, nn ngc. Ha t thc th thy mch Hng Hot c lc l chng thc nhit. Hn
t thc th thy mch Trm Huyn c lc, l cc chng tr au. Mch Thc cng c chn,
gi. Chn Thc th d bit, gi Thc th hay b lm, v vy, cn phi hi nguyn nhn, xem
hnh chn mi khi sai lm".
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "... Thc l tng trong
ngoi u y tr. Kinh vit: T kh thnh th mch Thc m khng ghi rng mch Thc l
179

chnh kh vn vng, l im cng yu ca mch Thc vy! Mch thc t khng c

chng h, chng thc t khng c gi tng. Nhng nu t nhit rt cao ( khng cc) m
sp tuyt th li thy mch Thc. Thc biu th u au, c th st. Thc l th bng y,
tc trng. i m Thc l nhit t trong pht ra. T m Thc l tch t sinh trong. Bnh
thng hn Dng minh, khng i tiu c m thy mch Thc th phi dng php h.
Nu sau khi h m mch li Thc i hoc qu Vi sp tuyt, nng khng bt th cht. Quyt
m bnh kit l m mch li Thc, nu dng php h th cht. Xem y th thy, nu mch v
chng nghch nhau th kh cha vy! V vy, cc chng Tiu, n, C trng, Tch cng m
thy mch Thc th d cha cn cc chng i tiu ra mu hoc ngi bnh lu ngy, ph n
mi sinh m thy mch Thc, i th chng d cha vy".
- Sch 'Mch hc chnh ngha' ghi: "Sch mch c ghi: "Mch Thc ch v cc chng ha
nhit vng, l pht cung, ni xm, hng sng, li cng, dng c, i tin b, T b
nhit, bng y, tht lng au cng. Ngi bnh thng thy mch Thc i tt phi b kit
l, nn dng php h. B nght m thy mch Thc l do t kh l, cn h ngay. Bnh
lu ngy m thy mch Huyn, Sc, Thc, Hot l do c dng thot ra ngoi, v vy c cu:
"Bnh lu ngy m thy mch Thc th rt nguy". Li c chng do Trm hn bn trong lm
mch o b ng tr, tng mch cng lao nh Thc, v vy khng c dng thuc hn
lng m phi dng php n bng cc v nh: Can khng, Ph t. Li c chng chn m
qu h, thy mch quan Cch, Hng, Huyn nh Thc, ch c dm dng php thanh lng
chng? Ba chng k trn u c gi thc, khng phi do chn thc".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Ni tng mch Trng i m hi mnh l ni mch
tuy Thc nhng vn c ha hon".
Bi ca Mch THC (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng : Ph trm u thy i, trng,
Di tay rn rn r rng khng h.
Tam tiu trng ho c d,
Thng trng, pht hn yn th lo g.
Tng loi : Thc Ph Trm c lc thay,
Khn hnh nh vn si dy khng thng.
Lao th n st n xng,
Vi Huyn Thc i i thng phi hay.
Ch bnh : Thc mch ho ut pht cung,
Ni sng m li ma lun l thng.
180

Hoc dng c hoc thc thng,

Khng thng i tin li thng kh ng.
Thn thc ch mt nhit phong,
au hu, cng li, hung trung tc y.
Quan thc t nhit bng y,
Xch thc bnh ny au rut, au lng.
Bi ca Mch THC (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng : Mch Thc ta cng phi tng,
C lc mch thng ph i m kin.
Di tay mch thy trn ln,
Ph, trung, trm hu hin nhin thy u.
Ch bnh: Mch Thc ch bnh k ra:
Huyt thc, nhit kt, ha t thnh sao.
T thn Thc ch tm lao,
Sinh cng li, kh vt cao ngc y.
Hu thn ph bnh thng hay,
Sinh ra nn xc, hoc nay au hu.
T quan mch Thc th sao ?
V can ha vng hay au cnh sn.
Hu quan mch Thc phi tng,
Trung tiu y trng li thng thng au.
T xch tin b bng au,
Hu xch tng ha c chiu vng thay.
Kim mch: Thc khn hn tch lu,
181

Mch Thc m hot khi sao ngng m.

H- CC Y N MCH THC
Y n Mch THC m Hng Sc
(Trch trong 'Tng, Nguyn, Minh, Thanh, Danh y loi n')
"Chu an Kh cha mt ngi ph Giang, ni xm, thy hn lon. Bnh 7-8 ngy mi
mi Chu an Kh n cha. Xem mch th thy hai tay u Hng, Sc m Thc. Ngi
bnh mt ln trng, thn hnh mp m li ni gn. y l do mt nhc gy ra bnh, li
thm ung nhm thuc hn (lnh) lng (mt). Hi th bit rng ngi bnh c cho
ung 7-8 thang Si h. Cch cha trng hp ny phi n b. Dng bi 'Hong k ph t
thang' (Hong k, Trn b, Ph t), cho ung lnh. Ung 3 thang th ng c, hi ra m hi
m gii mch hi nhuyn. Cho ung tip Hong k, Bch trut, c 10 ngy th thy
mch thu lim li thnh Tiu. c na thng th khi hn".
Y n Mch B Xch 2 Tay u THC
(Trch trong 'Danh y loi n')
"Trn u Nham cha cho v ca Dip Nam Chu, tt kinh 5 thng, kh h ra mu trng,
hoc bui chiu pht nng ho khan, i ma. C thy thuc cho l chng lao si. u
Nham xem bnh lin ni: "Mch 2 b xch u Thc l c thai, li thm ngoi cm phong t
m ra". Vy cho ung thuc loi thanh, ha th khi. t lu sau sinh mt con trai".
I- MCH THC V CC MCH KHC
Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' a ra so snh gia mch Thc v cc mch Hot,
Khn, Trng c nhiu nt ging v khc nhau nh sau:
Mch c Tn mch Hnh thi mch
gc im
gc
Loi Chm

THC

Hi
chng
tng
ng
Chng
thc nhit
t li.
m, thc
nhit.

n tay xung hoc

nng tay ln u
Mch vo
c lc.
HOT
Mch i trn tru,
THC ngn
c cm gic trn
trn.
(4
tay
KHN
Ging nh dy Hn chng
Mch)
thng vn xon.
thng
thy
phong.
c TRNG u ui thng Khi dng
sut, thn ca tha, nhit
182

sc

mch thy trn

qu ton b v
mch.

chng.

Trn Tu Vin a ra nhn nh so snh gia mch Thc v cc mch khc nh sau:
Mch Thc m ln l mch i.
Thc m i trn tru l mch Hot.
Thc m cng nh dy cung l mch Huyn.
Vy mch i, Hot v Huyn u da trn mch Thc.
MCH TRM
( - Sinking Poulse - Pouls Profond)
A- i cng
- Trm l chm, mch lun chm su di da, v vy gi l Trm.
- Thin 'Tuyn minh ng kh lun' (T vn 23) ghi: "Thn mch Thch, ng vi thi lnh l
ma ng, tng l Thn, mch Thn Trm v vy mch Trm cng gi l mch Thch".
- Thin 'Ngc c chn tng lun' (T vn 19) ghi: "Mch ma ng tc l mch ca Thn,
thuc phng Bc, thy, mun vt nh m b tng, v vy mch kh lc n th Trm m
bt mnh ln, v vy gi l Dinh".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Trm bt chc t, c hnh tng sui phun vt
di... li gi l Thch, cng gi l Dinh".
B- Mch tng ca Trm
- Thin 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Trm n tay xung th khng
, nhc ln th c d".
- Sch 'Trung y hc chn on ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Trm t nh tay khng thy, nng
tay mi thy".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Trm i chm khong gn xng, n nng tay
mi thy, n nh tay khng thy".
- Tp 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Trm n nh khng thy g, n
nng tay mi thy".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH TRM
183

- Sch 'Tam ti hi' v sch ' ch Nan kinh mch quyt' din t mch Trm nh sau:
- Sch 'Mch chn' biu din hnh v mch Trm:

- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' m t: "Mch Trm lc t p lc nh th khng thy
sng mch ni ln, c t thm p lc mi thy ng cong ng mch xut hin".

- Sch 'Kt hp YHCT v YHH trong lm sng' ghi:

'ng cong ca mch Trm: sng u tin ca mch khng i thng m thng un khc
trn ng i ln nh mch, v th ln n nh mch chm hn mch Ph. Va ln n
nh, sng mch li i xung ngay, ln nh chm, ti nh li xung ngay, do , sch
xa m t l phi n mnh u ngn tay xung mi bt c mch".

184

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Trm

- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "Hn kh bn ngoi xm nhp vo su, b ly kinh lc, lm
cho mch kh khng thng t, s xut hin mch Trm".
- Sch 'Mch chn' ghi: "Mch Trm l m kh quyt nghch, dng kh khng c th
sng... Mch Trm l m t qu d lm cho huyt kh ngng ng khng phn chn...".
- Sch 'Y bin' ghi: "Nu bnh t di, phn l, t s thy mch Trm".
- Sch 'Hong hn y hc' ghi: "Mch Trm l do sc vt (y) ca mch khng ".
- Sch 'Trung y bin chng lun tr ging ngha' ghi:
Pht sinh ra mch Trm c th do:
. Lng mu tim tng ra bnh thng hoc b h thp.
. Cc mch mu ngoi bin u co li.
. Sc co ca thnh mch tng ln.
- Sch 'Kt hp YHCT v YHH trong lm sng' ghi: "Nhnh Catarot ca mch Trm gm hai
phn:
Phn trn: rt xung nhanh nhng dng li na trn thn mch, ti mc Dicrot, thuc thi
gian tng mu tm thu.
185

Phn di: i xung chm hn phn trn, dc thoai thoi, lin h vi t lc bt u ng van
n lc m van ng mch ch".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "T ut phn l, kh huyt ngng tr th
mch Trm m c lc. Dng kh h hm xung khng thng ln c th mch Trm m
khng c lc".
D- Mch Trm ch bnh
- Thin 'i k lun' (T vn 48) ghi: "Mch ca Can, Thn u Trm l chng thch thy".
"Mch ca Ph Trm m bt ln l chng Ph sn". "Mch ca T, bn ngoi bt ln ngn
tay m bn trong Trm l chng trng tit, lu ngy cng t khi".
- Thin 'Th thung dung lun' (T vn 76) ghi: "Mch Trm m Thch l do Thn kh b ngng
tc trong".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch thn khu Trm l bnh l".
- Chng 'm m khi thu mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Trong ngc c
lu m, t ngn hi m kht. Cc khp tay chn au nhc, mch Trm l c lu m".
- Chng 'Hong n bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Trm, kht
nc, tiu kh u l pht hong n".
- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh nghi tr' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu Trm:
trong ngc au lan ra 2 bn sn, c ngc c thy kh. Mch b quan Trm l di tim c
hi lnh, nut chua, mch b xch Trm l lng v tht lng au".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi:
T Thn TRM

Hu Thn TRM

Bng huyt, nn ra mu, ng

kh.
T Quan TRM

Suyn, Ph ung.
Hu Quan TRM

Gn au, mt hoa.
Da vng, th t, t bi.
T, Hu Xch TRM
Lng au, kinh b, bng y, phn m hao tn, tiu gt,
tiu nhiu
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Trm ch cc bnh phn l".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Trm phn nhiu thy l chng, c t kh phc
bn trong, tuy nhin chng kh tr hoc kh h cng c th thy mch Trm".
186

- Mc 'Hiu chnh Tn H mch hc' ( ch Nan kinh mch quyt) ghi:

. Thn TRM: m ut, thy nh tr ngc.
. Quan TRM: trng hn, au khng thng.
. Xch TRM: tiu chy, kit k, thn h, lng v h nguyn au.
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Trm ch bnh hn, c th au, chn tay lnh,
xng khp au, thy kh lu m, sng ph, tay chn khng nhc ln c, i h, huyt ,
trng h, tiu chy, di tinh".
T Thn TRM

Hu Thn TRM

Tm dng bt tc.

Ph kh bt tc, ho, m m, ht
hi.
Hu Quan TRM

T Quan TRM
Can ut, kh thng.

T h, tiu chy, n khng tiu.

Xch TRM

Bng di au, tht lng au. u gi au, lit dng,

i h, bng au, n b th huyt hi khng .
E- Mch Trm kim mch bnh
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Cc mch Trm T u thuc v phn m, l
chng au xng".
- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Mch thn khu Trm m cng l bnh
trong, Trm m Nhc thuc v bnh hn, nhit, sn, h, bng di au".
- Thin 'Tam b cu hu lun' (T vn 20) ghi: "Mch ca 9 b u Trm T m cch tuyt
nhau l m, thuc ma ng, v vy s cht vo lc na m".
- Thin 'Bnh nng lun' (T vn 46) ghi: "Hong hi: Ngi mc chng v qun ung,
chn on th no bit c? K B tha: chn bnh phi xt V mch, s thy
Trm m T, Trm T l do kh nghch".
- Chng ' Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Hi mch c dng kt v m kt, ly
g phn bit? Tha: mch Trm m Tr, khng n c, c th nng n, i tin li cng
gi l m kt".
- Chng 'Kinh qy, th nc bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Ngi bnh
mt khng c huyt sc, khng nng lnh, mch Trm Huyn th chy mu mi (cam)".
187

- Chng 'Kinh thp yt bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Thi dng bnh
pht st, mch Trm m T th gi l chng kinh, kh cha".
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "n ng m
mch H, Trm, Huyn, khng nng lnh, hi th ngn, tiu khng thng, sc mt trng,
thng hay ti mt, chy mu mi, bng di y l do h lao gy ra".
- Chng 'm m khi thu bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mc chng
chi m ngang honh cch m lm cho suyn y, di tim c b cng, sc mt en sm,
mch Trm, Huyn".
- Chng 'Thy kh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chnh thy: mch
Trm Tr". "Hong hn, mch Trm Tr, c th pht st, ngc y, tay chn, u mt ph lu
ngy khng khi t sinh mn nht m" - "Mch thn khu Trm m Hot l trong c thy
kh, mt v mt sng nng gi l phong thy".
- Chng 'Hi trng bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Hi: bng au c
giun, hnh dng mch ra sao? Thy p: au trong bng th mch phi Trm Huyn, nu
Hng i l c giun".
- Chng 'Bin tam b cu hu mch chng' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu Trm m
Khn, lnh di tim, thng hay au, c tch t".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Trm m Huyn l b chng huyn
m gy au trong. Mch Trm m Tr l trong bng b lnh. Mch Trm m Hot l h
trng, l sng lng au". "m t xm nhp th thy mch Trm m T".
- Mc 'Hiu chnh Tn H mch hc' ( ch Nan kinh mch quyt) ghi:
. Trm Tr : cm lnh.
. Trm Hot: m thc.
. Trm Khn: lnh, au.
. Trm Sc: ni nhit.
. Trm Lao: lnh tch.
. Trm Sc: kh ut.
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Trm Tr l c lnh; Trm Sc l nhit phn l; Trm
Huyn l thc, ch h trng; Trm H l h, ch tit li; Trm Hot l m m tc thc;
Trm Sp l kh tr, huyt khng ; Trm Khn l t kh thnh, chnh kh h, ch lnh, au;
Trm i l to phn ly;. Trm Lao l hn tch trong".

188

- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Trm m v lc l kh ut, thiu nng lc vn hnh, v
vy sinh ra cc chng thy thng, nh m, hip trng, quyt nghch, trng h".
G- Mch Trm v tr liu
- Chng 'Kinh thp yt bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Thi dng bnh
cc triu chng, c th cng , mch li Trm Tr, l chng Kinh, cho ung bi 'Qut
lu qu chi thang' ( Qut lu cn, Qu chi, Thc dc, Sinh khng, To)".
- Chng 'Ph nuy, ung, khi thu mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc ) ghi: "Ho m mch
Trm, cho ung 'Trch tt thang' ( Bn h, T sm, Bch tin, Hong cm, Qu chi, Trch
tt, Nhn sm, Cam tho, Sinh khng )".
- Chng 'Hung t bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Bnh hung t m suyn
th, ho khc, ngc lng au, ngn hi, mch thn khu Trm m Tr, b quan th Khn
m Sc, cho ung 'Qua lu gii bch tu thang' (Qua lu, Gii bch, Bch tu)".
- Chng 'Phc mn hn sn tc thc bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "B
chng hn sn vng quanh rn, nu pht hn t ra m hi, tay chn quyt lnh, mch Trm
m Khn, cho ung bi 'i u tin' ( u loi ln, sc ung)".
- Chng 'm m bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Trm Huyn l
c huyn m gy au bn trong, cho ung 'i to thang' (i to, Hong k, Ph t, Sinh
khng, Ma hong, Cam tho). "Chng chi m... h bng 'Thanh long thang', ming to,
hay khc, mch thn Trm, mch xch Vi, tay chn quyt nghch, kh a t bng di xung
ln ngc, hng, tay chn t, sc mt nh say ru, tiu kh, cho ung bi 'Linh qu ng v
cam tho thang' (Phc linh, Qu chi tim, Cam tho, Ng v t)".
- Chng 'Thy kh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "B chng thy m ra
c m hi t khi, thy mch Trm th cho ung 'Ma hong ph t thang' (Ma hong, Ph
t, Cam tho)".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch hu thn Trm l chng
m thc, dng bi 'Ho m ngc h hon' ( Thin nam tinh, Bn h, Thin ma, u bch
din) thm Hng hong; Hoc dng 'Bn h hon' (Bch phn, Bn h). Hoc dng 'Lc
qun t thang' (Nhn sm, Bch trut, Phc linh, Cam tho, Bn h, Trn b) thm Hong k"
- "Mch t quan Trm: lnh trong xng, cho ung 'Qut b bn h thang' (Trn b, Bn h)
hoc 'Ng qun t thang' ( Bn h, ng sm, Bch trut, Bch linh, Cam tho) thm Qu".
"Mch b xch Trm: lng v chn nng, tiu nh nc vo go, cho dng bi 'Bt v a
hong hon' ( Thc a, Sn th, Hoi Sn, n b, Trch t, Phc linh, Ph t v Qu )".
"Mch b t quan thy Trm, nn ung bi 'Ng linh tn' ( Ng linh chi, Xuyn , Mt dc,
Nh hng) thm Ng th hoc 'Bt v a hong thang' thm Ng th. Mch b xch thy
Trm Huyn l hn nn ung 'Bt v a hong hon' nhng bi Qu, Ph ln... Mch b
hu quan (T) Trm Huyn l hn, nn ung bi 'Ph t l trung thang' (Ph t, Nhn sm,
Can khng, Bch trut, Chch tho), hoc bi 'Lc qun t thang' (Nhn sm, Bch trut,
Bch linh, Cam tho, Trn b, Bn h) thm Can khng". "Su b mch Trm Vi, 2 b xch
189

mch khng c cn, l nguyn dng v nguyn m sp mt (tt), ch c 'Sm ph thang'

( Nhn sm, Ph t) l may c c cu vn c. Su b mch Trm, Vi, Tr, Hon khng c
lc, nn ung 'Sm ph thang' hoc 'Trut ph thang', ung ti khi dng kh hi vng
th i sang dng 'Bt v a hong hon' bi Qu v Ph. Su b mch Trm T khng c
lc l nguyn dng ca chn kh b h nhiu, nn bi b cho trung chu, b dng kh
huyt cho m, cho dng bi 'Quy t thang' b Mc hng ( Bch trut, Phc thn, Hong k,
Nhn nhc, Toan To nhn, Nhn sm, Chch tho ) hoc bi 'Thp ton i b' b Bch
thc (Nhn sm, Bch linh, Bch trut, Cam tho, ng quy, Xuyn khung, Thc a)
thm Nhc qu, Ph t. Mch 6 b Trm Hon v rt nh l nguyn dng sp thot, nn
tp trung vo vic cu vn nguyn kh. Nh th dng bi 'Nhn sm l trung thang' ( Nhn
sm, Bch trut, Can khng, Chch tho), nng hn th dng bi 'Ph t l trung thang',
khng nn cho 1 cht m dc no ln vo. Su b mch T Sc n lu khng thy c thn
l m dng c tin v hu thin u suy. Nn ung bi 'Bt v a hong hon' bui
sng, n bui chiu ung bi 'Dng vinh thang' ( Hong k, ng quy, Qu tm, Chch
tho, Trn b, Bch trut, Nhn sm, Bch thc, Thc a, Ng v t, Phc linh, Vin ch )
nhng b Trn b i, hoc dng bi 'Thp ton i b thang' b Xuyn khung v Sinh a,
thay bng Thc a".
H- Cc li bn v mch Trm
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi: "Mch Trm tuy thuc l nhng phi xem c
lc hay khng phn bit h, thc. Trm m Thc thng l tr, l kh, v vy n tay xung
thy mch Trm th bit ngay l kh. Kh b nh tr th nn cha bng cch cng pht, tiu
tn. Trm m H l do dng khng u, kh khng th th, dng h kh hm, v vy phi
n b. Khi b ngoi cm phi hn t, dng b m che lp, thy mch Trm Khn m Sc, c
th nng, u au, chnh l do thuc biu t, v th, khng th thy mch Trm m ni
l c".
- Sch 'Thng hn un yu' ghi: "Mch Trm n mnh tay n xng mi thy l xem
cc chng l h hoc thc. Nh cc mch Trm Vi, Trm T, Trm Tr, Trm Phc m
khng c lc l mch khng c thn, l m thnh m dng suy, phi dng ngay phng
php sinh mch hi dng. Nh cc mch Trm Tt, Trm Hot, Trm Thc u c lc l
du hiu thc nhit, c thn, l dng thnh m m suy, nn dng php dng m m thi
dng. Cch chung mch Trm l quyt nh m dng, hn nhit, lm thuc sng cht
ch trong ng t k tc, khng th khng xem xt k lng".
- Sch 'T chn chnh php'ghi: "Mi khi cm nhim phi t biu, kinh lc ng tr t s thy
mch Trm Khn hoc Phc hoc c khi ngng li nhng ch s l dng chng m thy
m mch. Ch cn cho dng thuc loi thanh phn biu, m hi ra l khi. y l im nghi
nan ca mch Trm, cn phn bit cho r".
- Sch 'Y bin' ghi: "Mch Ph hoc Trm c khi do bm ph: ngi mp thng thy mch
Trm, ngi gy thng thy mch Ph. C khi mch thay i theo thi tit: ma xun h
kh thng ln v vy thy mch Ph, ma thu, ng kh ging xung v vy thy mch Trm.
Nu do bnh gy ra th khi bnh trn, biu, ph t thy mch Ph, nu bnh di,
l, tng t thy mch Trm".
190

Bi ca Mch TRM (m ) (Tn H mch hc)

Th trng : Nh nc chm xung l Trm,
Mch i khong xng gn trn mm.
Xch trai thn gi th xem,
Bn ma nh vy rng tn mch bnh.
Tng loi : Trm thy khong xng gn,
Phc th tm mi thy gn xng.
Nhc th Trm T phi tng,
Lao th Thc, i, Huyn, Trng phi ghi.
Ch bnh : Mch Trm thu ng kinh m,
Tr hn, Sc nhit, Hot m chng sai.
Trm v lc h kh y,
Trm m hu lc bnh hay tch hn.
Thn Trm ngc c thu, m,
Quan Trm V au hoi khng thng.
Xch Trm tit, l, trc, di,
H nguyn au mi y v thn h.
Bi ca mch Trm (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch Trm i st gn xng,
Nh nc nm thng thng chm i.
Mch Trm c hin tng chi?
C th khng n th c d.
Ch bnh: Mch Trm y thuc v m,
Ch bnh l chng lm my may.
191

Thn Trm on kh phi hay,

Ngc au m li li ngay xung sn.
Hoc l m m phi tng,
Hoc thy, hoc huyt thng thng chng an.
Quan Trm ch chng trng hn,
Lnh au gp rt, thn toan tc y.
Xch au lng, gi, eo ny,
Trc lm ly tit nga ry m nang.
Kim mch: Mch Trm v lc l h,
C lc l thc t xa bn.
Trm tr c lnh trm hn,
Trm sc ni nhit r rng chng sai,
Trm hot m m phi hay,
Trm sp huyt kt chng nay l g.
Nu m Trm nhc h suy,
Trm lao kin tch l g na u.
Li cn Trm khn lnh au,
Trm hon hn thp phi sao cho rnh.

I- CC Y N V MCH TRM
Y n Mch TRM Khn
(Trch trong 'C kim y n')
"Tn Triu cha mt ngi b bnh thng hn (theo YHCT) 5-6 ngy, m hi ra
u, t c tr xung khng c m hi, tay chn lnh, di ngc y tc, i tin bn, mch
192

Trm Khn. C ngi cho l chng m kt. Tn Triu ni: "y l chng m Trng
Trng Cnh ni l na biu, na l ( bn biu bn l), mch tuy l Trm Khn nhng
khng th cho l bnh Thiu m c". ng cho ung bi 'Tiu si h thang' ( Si h,
Nhn sm, Bn h, Hong cm, Chch tho, i to, Sinh khng ), bnh khi.
Ngi bnh ny tay chn lnh, mch Trm Khn, ging nh chng Thiu m, tuy nhin,
bnh Thiu m thng i tin lng ch khng cng. Ngoi ra, u l ni hi ca ba kinh
dng, nu l 3 kinh m, ch ln n ngc ri i xung ngay. Trng hp ny thy m hi
u, ging nh chng dng h, v vy cho rng: m hi l dng yu, nhng chng
Thiu m trn m hi lnh l chng thm c, v vy ni rng m bnh khng nn m
hi. Nay m hi ra u th bit l khng phi bnh ca Thiu m. Dng bi 'Tiu si h
thang', nu khng khi cng s i tiu chy m bnh s gii. Tuy Trng Trng Cnh khng
lp ra phng, nhng bit rng y l chng 'i si h thang' vy. y cng l mt loi
bnh dng chng ging m".
Y n Mch TRM i
(Trch trong 'C kim y n')
"Thn Nho cha cho mt ngi t ra m hi, chn lnh khng i c, mch xch Trm m
i. y l do T kh b hm xung m ra. Ph khng c nui dng v vy ra m hi.
Chn l ni 2 ng kinh T, Thn i qua, T dng khng c th th th Thn kh cng
ut kt, v vy 2 chn lnh. iu tr bng cch dng phng php khi T, dng Ph lm
chnh (gc), n Thn lm ph (ngn). Cho dng Nhn sm, Hong k, Hoi sn b T m,
c biu m ph ( gip) Ph, thm Qu n Thn. Bnh khi".

MCH TRM V CC MCH KHC

- Theo sch 'Lc mch cng lnh' th :
Mch Trm
Mch bin
Trm m hu lc, tay st xng mi Mch Phc
thy.
Trm m hu lc, gia khong Trm Mch Lao
v Ph.
Trm m rt v lc, tm k mi thy
Mch Nhc
c.
- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' xp cc loi mch Phc, Nhc, Lao, Huyn vo Loi
mch Trm theo bng sau:
193

Mch
gc

c
im

Loi

Mch

nng

TRM

tay
mi

Tn mch
Hnh thi
cng gc tng mch
TRM

PHC

thy

NHC
LAO

HUYN

Hi
chng
tng
ng
t nh tay
L, ut
khng thy
chng,
mch, n thy thng.
nng tay mi
thy.
n nng tay T kh b
n gn
t, quyt
xng mi
nghch,
thy.
au nhiu,
dng
suy.
Nh mm m Kh huyt
chm.
khng .
n nng tay
Chng
thy mch
Thc
Thc.
trong, m
hn, sn
kh.
Cng thng
Bnh
m di nh Can, m,
n vo dy cc chng
hn.
au, m
m.

MCH TR
( - Slow Pulse - Pouls Tent )
A- i cng
- Thin 'm dng bit lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch Tr thuc m".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Dinh (Vinh) kh ha l Tr...".
194

B- Mch tng
- Chng 'Hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Tr mi hi th p 3 ln, n
ri i rt chm".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Tr i chm, 1 hi th ch n 3 ln".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Tr 1 hi th mch n cha c 4
ch".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH TR
- Sch 'Tam ti hi' v sch ' ch Nan kinh mch quyt' din t mch Tr:

- Sch 'Mch chn' trnh by hnh v mch Tr nh sau :

- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' din t mch Tr qua hnh v sau:

Sch 'Kt hp YHCT V YHH trong lm sng' din t :

195

Khong cch RR trung bnh gia 2 nht bp tim l: X = 1,33 giy, tng ng vi tn s mch
Tr trung bnh l: X = 45 ln /pht.

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Tr

- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Hn kh ngng tr, dng kh khng vn
ha c, v vy thy mch Tr". "T t nhit kt lm cho s lu hnh ca huyt mch b tr
ngi cng thy mch Tr".
- Sch 'Trung y bin chng lun tr ging ngha' ghi: "Ni ngi c mch Tr, in tm
thy c hin tng nhp xoang chm do cng ph v gy ra, hoc c hin tng bloc nh
tht hoc hin tng nhp nt".
D- Mch Tr ch bnh
- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Phm mt ngi hi th ra mch ng 1
ln, 1 hi th vo mch ng 1 ln l thiu kh".
- Thin 'Tam b cu hu lun' (T vn 20) ghi: "Mch i chm (Tr) l mc bnh".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Tng mch thn khu... Tr l bnh
tng".
- Chng 'Bin thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "n b b trng
phong 6-7 ngy th pht st, s lnh, n lc c kinh th bt nng, c th mt m mch li
Tr, ngc sn y tc, ging nh chng kt hung, li thm ni cung, l nhit nhp
huyt tht".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Kit l m mch Trm
Tr, sc mt nht, c th hi nng, i tiu ra phn xanh... l v di b h vy".

196

- Chng 'Bnh tam quan bnh hu tnh tr nghi' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch thn khu Tr l
thy c hn bn trn, tim au, hng au, nn ra nc chua. Mch b quan Tr l trong V
c hn. Mch b xch Tr l h tiu c hn".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Tr l bnh tng, hoc m nhiu, trng kt. B thn
Tr l thng tiu b hn, b quan Tr l trung tiu b hn, bng au khng chu ni, b xch
Tr l Thn h, tht lng au, tiu khng t ch, dch hon sng au".
- Theo 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh):
T Thn TR

Hu Thn TR

Tiu vt, bi hi, nn ma. m, hi th ngn, n kh

tiu.
T Quan TR
Hu Quan TR
Sn kh, tch t, hng sn
Bng si, tiu chy.
au.
Xch TR
Tiu nhiu, lng au, mi gi, hot tinh, hay m, m hi
t chy ra nhiu.
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Tr phn nhiu thy chng m hn ni tng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Tr ch chng hn".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Tr ch bng y, ho suyn, tch hn, m m,
dng h, san tit, trng kt, t nhit kt t. Tr m c lc l nhit t ng kt kinh mch".
T Thn TR

Hu Thn TR

Tim au.
T Quan TR

Ph nuy.
Hu Quan TR

Can ut, trng kt.

T Xch TR

V hn, nut chua.

Hu Xch TR

Tiu khng t ch.

Mnh mn ha suy, san tit.

E- Mch Tr kim mch bnh

- Chng 'Huyt t h lao bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch Trm,
Tiu, Tr gi l thot kh".

197

- Chng 'Tiu kht bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch thn khu
Ph m Tr... Tr tc l lao... lao th dinh kh suy nhc".
- Chng 'Kinh qu bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Ngi bnh ngc y,
mi bu, li xanh tm, ming kh ro, mun ngm nc sc ming nhng khng mun
nut, khng nng lnh, mch hi i m Tr, bng khng y l c huyt".
- Chng 'Sang ung bnh mch chng tnh tr'(Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chng trng ung th
bng di sng, c b khi, n th au nh ng lu, tiu thng hay pht st, t ra m hi
li s lnh, mch Tr, Khn l thnh m".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Tr m Sp l trong c trng kt, Tr m
Hon l c hn, Trm m Tr l trong bng c lnh".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
. Mch Tr m Ph l hn phn biu.
. Tr m Trm l hn phn l.
. Tr m Sp l huyt h.
. Tr m Hot l m.
. Tr m T l chn dng suy.
. Tr m Hot, i l phong m.
F- Mch Tr v tr liu
- Chng 'Bin Thi dng bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch Ph
Khn th nn dng php hn gii i. Nu mch b xch Tr th khng th pht hn, l
do vinh kh khng , huyt thiu vy". "Sau khi pht hn m c th au, mch Trm Tr th
cho ung bi 'Tn gia thang' (T tn, Nhn sm, Cam tho, i to) thm Thc dc, Sinh
khng mi th 40g". "Mc bnh 6-7 ngy m mch Tr, Ph, Nhc, s gi, s lnh, tay
chn m, dng php h 2 ln m vn khng n c, li thm di cnh sn y au,
mt, mt v c th u vng, c gy cng au, tiu tin kh th cho ung bi 'Tiu si h
thang' ( Si h, Bn h, Hong cm, Nhn sm, i to, Chch tho, Sinh khng )".
- Chng 'Bin dng minh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Dng minh bnh
mch Tr, khng n no c, n no th chng mt, tiu tin kh, thnh ra chng cc n, tuy
dng php h cha nhng bng vn y, s d nh vy l mch Tr vy". "Dng minh
bnh mch Tr tuy ra m hi nhng khng s lnh, c th nng n, ngn hi, bng y m
suyn, nng tng cn, l ngoi mun gii, c th cng vo phn l". "Mch Ph m
Tr, biu nhit l hn, i l ra phn xanh th dng bi 'T nghch thang' (Ph t, Can khng,
Chch tho)". "Dng minh bnh mch Tr, ra m hi nhiu, hi s lnh l phn biu cha
198

gii c th dng php pht hn, cho ung bi 'Qu chi thang' ( Qu chi, Bch thc, Chch
tho, Sinh khng, i to)".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Bnh Thng Hn
mch Tr 6-7 ngy, khng bit m cho ung Hong cm thang (Bch thc, Hong cm,
Cam tho, i to) trit ci nng, mch Tr l hn nay li cho ung Hong cm thang
tr nhit, trong bng t lnh m khng n c, nu n c th gi l tr trung, s cht".
- Chng 'Bin thiu m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thiu m bnh, n vo
th nn ra, kh chu, mun nn li khng nn c, khi mi b th tay chn lnh, mch Huyn
Tr, l trong ngc thc, khng th dng php h m gii, phi dng php th".
- Chng 'Hung t bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chng hung t, thy
suyn th, ho khc, ngc v lng au, ngn hi, mch thn khu Trm, Tr, b quan th
Tiu, Khn, Sc, cho ung bi 'Qut lu gii bch bch tu thang' (Qut lu, Gii bch, Bch
tu)".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Huyn m Tr, nn dng nhng v
thuc n".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch b thn Tr l hn thp
thng tiu, dng bi 'Qut b hon' (Qut b, Sinh khng), nu khng khi cho ung bi
'Trut ph thang' ( Hu phc, Phc linh, Can khng, Bch trut, Bn h, Ph t, Chch
tho). Mch t quan Tr l bng au nhiu, cho ung bi 'Qu chi gia ph t thang' ( Qu chi,
Bch thc, Cam tho, Can khng)... Mch t xch Tr l m thnh dng suy, cho ung bi
'Ph t l trung thang' ( Nhn sm, Bch trut, Can khng, Chch tho, Ph t)".
C- Mch Tr qua cc li bn
- Trnh ng Mao cho rng: "Mch Tr c khi do nhit t kt t, bng y, V (d dy) b kt
thc lm ngn tr kinh mch gy ra, l iu cn nn bit. Nay nghim chng trng h,
giang mai, cc chng ny ngn lp mch mu lm cho c th thy mch Tr, khng th ni
cch chung cho mch Tr l hn c".
- Sch 'Mch hc tp yu' ghi: "Nay thy cc chng trng h, huyn tch, lm cho kinh mch
ng tr m thy mch Tr, l tp bnh, do , khng th c thy mch Tr m ni l hn
c".
- Sch 'Hong hn y hc' ghi: "Mch Tr m ra m hi, c lc cng phi dng bi i tha kh
thang l bi thuc c tc dng h mnh, nh vy mch Tr cha hn l biu hin ca m
chng. Khng nhng th, ti tng thc nghim thy hin nay c nhng ngi bnh mch Tr
cch chung thuc chng dng, thc, u thuc chng dng thuc h, (v vy) li ni ca
ng Ng Sn Ph (cho rng mch Tr l hn) khng th no tin ht c".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Chng 'Mch m dng loi thn' ( Chn gia khu yu)
cho rng mch Tr l triu chng m thng m dng suy thiu, l hn, l bt tc. Ph Tr l
biu c hn!... Li ca Hot B Nhn trn y cng ni ln c chng trng ca mch Tr,
199

nhng ch ni n m hn khng th cha v mch Tr cng c khi l do t nhit kt t,

bng y, V b thc, tr ngi kinh mch m ra, khng th khng bit".
- Sch 'KH YHCT Vi YHH trong lm sng' ghi: "Tng ng vi nhn nh ca YHCT qua
bt mch chng ti thy: khong cch RR trung bnh gia 2 nht bp tim ca 6 ngi bnh
c mch Tr: X = 1,33 giy, tng ng vi tn s mch Tr trung bnh l: X = 45 ln /pht. Kt
qu ni ln mch Tr l loi mch y hc dn tc c truyn thuc tn s chm. V cc
chng thy xut hin mch Tr... hnh nh ng cong mch Tr vi cc thng s: Khong
cch RR tnh theo phn trm/giy l 2,15. Vi nhnh Anacrot ln chm... cng chnh l hnh
nh kim mch Trm Tr".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Mch Tr ch bnh hn. Bi dng kh suy h tc chn
ha yu km, lm cho trong bng hn m ngoi da cng cm thy hn (biu v l u hn)".
Bi ca Mch TR (m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng : Mt tc 3 ch y Tr,
Kh huyt h lnh, dng th km m.
Biu th Ph l th Trm,
Cn nn b ho dn dn m tiu.
Tng loi : Mch i 3 ch l Tr,
Mch Hon th Tr cn c cht nhanh.
Sp l Tr T r rng,
Ph m Tr i y hnh mch H.
Ch bnh: Tr ch tng bnh nhiu m,
Trng h trm c khn nn bit bao.
Tr hu lc v lnh au,
Tr m v lc khi u h hn.
Thn Tr thng tiu hn,
Quan Tr au ran lnh trung tiu.
Xch Tr thn h eo au,
Chn nng, sn thng, tiu nhiu khng ngn.
200

Bi ca Mch TR (Chn gia chnh nhn)

Th trng: Mch Tr vn thuc m hn,
Tng l bt cp phi bn cho hay.
Mch i chm chm khoan thai,
Mt tc ba ch chng sai cht no.
Ch bnh: Tr ch tng, bnh thuc hn,
Thn Tr tm thng v hn thng tiu.
Quan Tr trung tiu lnh nhiu,
trng kt, li c chiu co gn.
Xch ha suy, tiu (tin) khn ngn,
Hoc l tc di, lng, chn au nh.
Kim mch: Mch Tr khng lc l hn,
C lc tch lnh r rng chng sai.
Ph Tr th lnh phn ngoi (biu),
Trm Tr th phi on ngay l hn.
Tr sp huyt t chng bn,
Tr hon th thuc thp hn phi hay.
Cn nh Tr hot trng y,
Tr vi th thc bnh ny chng an.
H- CC Y N MCH TR
Y n Mch Trm TR
(Trch trong 'N khoa y hc thc nghim lc')
"C con gi h T, mi ln thy kinh th bng rt au, kinh xung t dm d, huyt trng
(i h) ra lin min, chng mt, u oi, ngc tc, bng au, mch Trm Tr. Trm l kh ut,
Tr l hn ngng. Ru li trng nhn. Trng l V b hn, nhn l T c thp. Can kh ut
201

trong hn thp lu luyn huyt khng th theo kh lu thng, kh khng th theo huyt
i xung, v vy n k kinh th huyt ra r r, khng thng li. Kh ut thng Can l Can
nghch, Can dng a trc m ln th sinh ra chng mt, hoa mt, nc cc. Can kh v
hn thp chn trong th sinh ra tc ngc, bng y. Hn kh xm nhp vo bng th sinh ra
bng au. Thp kh nhp vo mch Nhm th sinh ra chng i h. Vy mun iu kinh, nn
ch v iu kinh gii ut. Mun l kh th nn n trung ha thp h tr thm.
Cho dng: Ng th du, Thng quan qu, Ton ng quy, Ch Bn h, Xch thc, Din
h sch, Xun sa nhn, Qung Trn b, T thch anh.
Ngy th 2 chn mch li, chng ngc tc v bng y bt nhng cn au nhi cha
ht, l v phn kh ut kt gii dn m huyt cha thng. Vn dng bi trn nhng b Sa
Nhn, Trm Hng, Trn b, thm Sung y t, T an sm, Cao lng khng, Tt trng
gi. Ung lin tc 2 thang, sau ngi bnh cho bit t ung thuc trc, chng au
bng khi hn, k kinh cng u".
Y n Mch TR Hon V Lc
(Trch trong 'Thin gia diu phng')
"Sm X, nam 28 tui... bnh t 14 ngy trc. Do lao ng mt nhc li b ma t, c th
au nhc, n ung gii ngon nhng khng st, ho i. Ngy hm sau bnh nng thm, ni
nng ln ln, phn ng chm, i ng khng vng. n ngy th 3 th ngm ming khng
ni, c lc lm bm, c v ng ngn, i li kh khn, bc i long chong, chn tay lnh, 2
tay khng cm c vt nng, khng nm c, vn ng li khng t ch c, c th
thng khng co c, i tiu tin khng t ch, phn nt. iu tr bnh vin khu
vc v huyn nhng khng c kt qu my.
Khm thy nhit c th 37oC, mch 53 ln/pht, huyt p 120/80, thn ch hong ht,
ng tc thiu phi hp, tinh thn m mui, mt ngn ng mt phn, tr nh gim st, 2 ng
t dn rng, phn x chm vi nh sng, u v ng quan khng c g khc thng, di da
cha thy c cc im xut huyt, tim phi cha thy g khc thng, khng s thy gan
lch, 2 u gi phn x nhy, phn ng Babinski bn chn tri dng tnh, bn phi m tnh.
Th mu: chc nng gan v thn u trong gii hn bnh thng. Xt nghim dch no ty
cng khng c g khc l r, in no thy c bt thng r. Chn on lm sng l
chng vim no do vi rt. Bt mch thy Tr, Hon, v lc, cht li nht, ru y, ru li
trng mng m nhun.
Kt hp tham kho mch v chng th y l trng hp Tm v Thn dng h.
iu tr: B ch Tm Thn, n dng ha kh.
Cho dng bi 'Thn kh hon '(Thang ) gia gim ( Cu k t 16g, Dm dng hoc 16g, Ba
kch thin 10g, Qu chi 10g, Sn dc 20g, Vn Phc linh 16g, Trch t 10g, Bch thc
16g, Thc a hong 16g, Sn th nhc 10g, Chch Cam tho 6g ). Ung 3 thang c th
ngi dy hot ng, ni c nhiu hn, tay chn chuyn m, mch khi sc. Ung 3 thang
202

na, i tiu tin c th t ch. Tuy nhin, sc nh hng vn cn km, do nguyn nhn
ti tim. Dng bi thuc trn thm Thch Xng b 10g, Chch Vin ch 10g, ung lin 20
thang na, cc chng u ht. Kim tra in no thy bnh thng, xut vin. Ngh ngi
na thng ri i lm vic nh thng. Theo di hn 3 nm, tnh hnh tt p, khng c di
chng".

I- MCH TR V CC MCH KHC

(Theo sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu')
Mch
gc
Loi

c
im
Mt

mch

hi

TR

th

(4
mch)

ca
thy

Tn mch gc

Hnh thi mch

TR

Mt hi th, mch m
khng 4 ln.
Mt hi th mch m 4
ln.

HON

SP

Hi chng tng ng
Chng hn.
Chng thp, T h.

Dng mch khoan thai.

Mch i rt rt, vng
Tinh tn, mu thiu, kh
nh thng sut, nh dao
huyt b tr.
co vo ng tre.

thuc
mch
ca
ngi
bnh

KT

Mch i chm m c lc
ngng, ngng li khng
theo 1 s nht nh.

p
khng

203

Phn m vng. kh b
ngng kt li.


4
ln

MCH TRNG
( - Long Pulse - Pouls Long)
A- i cng
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch l ph ca huyt, mch Trng th kh
vng".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn ' ghi: "Mch Trng m ha hon, ph hp vi kh sinh trng
ca ma xun, v vy l tng mch ca ngi khe mnh".
B- Hnh tng mch Trng
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Trng khng ln khng nh, xa xa t nhin nh men
theo u ngn tre".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Tng mch ca mch Trng ging nh cnh cy di,
mch kh thng ln thng xung, u ui tng ng".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Trng u ui thng, i li vt
qu b v".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH TRNG
- Sch 'Mch chn' biu din hnh v mch Trng nh sau:

204

C- Mch Trng ch bnh

- Thin 'Ng tng sinh thnh' (T vn 10) ghi: "Mch ca Can n th Trng m bt sang
bn tri, bn phi, l c kh tch v qun v 2 bn sn, gi l chng Can T".
- Thin 'Mch yu tinh vi lun' (T vn 17) ghi: "Mch Tm bt ln tay thy cng m Trng
th li s cong ln khng ni c. Mch Ph bt ln tay thy cng m Trng th s khc
ra mu. Mch Can bt ln tay thy cng m Trng, sc mt khng ti xanh, s au nh b
ng v c huyt tch 2 bn sn, lm cho suyn nghch. Mch ca V bt ln tay, cng m
Trng, sc mt , 2 i s au nh gy. Mch ca T bt ln tay cng m Trng, sc
mt , sc mt vng s b chng thiu (ht) hi. Mch ca Thn bt ln tay cng m
Trng, sc mt vng , lng s b au nh gy".
- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Mch thn khu ng vo
ngn tay m Trng l cng chn b au".
- Chng 'Thng hn l' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch 2 b Xch v Thn u
Trng l Dng minh b bnh".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Trng ch cc bnh v
hu d".
- Theo sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn':
T Thn TRNG

Hu Thn TRNG

Qun ha gy bnh.
T Quan TRNG

Ngc y, kh nghch.
Hu Quan TRNG

Th kh ut, bng trng.

T Xch TRNG

Mc kh thc.
Hu Xch TRNG

Bn n xung ln ngc.

Tng ha gy bnh.

205

- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Trng ch v nhit cao ( khng), Tam tiu phin
nhit, dng c ut kt bn trong, nhit kt Dng minh, ng kinh, sn kh".
T Thn TRNG

Hu Thn TRNG

Tm vng.
T Quan TRNG

Ngc y, kh nghch.
Hu Quan TRNG

Can kh thc.
T Xch TRNG

T kh thc.
Hu Xch TRNG

Tng ha bc ln.

Bn n, sn kh.

D- Mch Trng kim mch bnh

- Chng 'Tr tt on trng tp mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Trng m Huyn l bnh
Can".
- Chng 'Bnh tp bnh mch' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Ph, Hng, i, Trng l chng
chng mt do phong (phong huyn), in tt".
- Chng 'Can bnh chng' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Can bnh th sc mt xanh, tay chn co qup,
2 bn sn y tc hoc thng b chng mt, (nu thy) mch Huyn Trng l d cha".
- Chng 'Bin mch hnh cp bin ha s ch bnh chng php' ( Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch
Trng, nu Kim i m Sc l dng thnh, nhit trong".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
. Mch Ph Trng l ngoi cm hoc m kh khng .
. Trng Hng l trng nhit, in cung.
. Trng Cp l bng au.
. Trng, Trm, T l chng tch.
. Trng Hot l m nhit.
. Trng Huyn l bnh Can.
. Trng m Vi Sp l bnh sp khi.
E- Mch Trng qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Mch Trng m ha hon th hp vi kh sinh trng
ca ma xun, v vy, l mch tng ca ngi khe mnh. Trng m cng y l biu
206

hin ca ha khng, v vy l mch bnh vy. Thuyt ca ngi xa cho rng mch kh i
qu bn v th gi l mch Trng. Tuy nhin, nghim xt lu ngy th thy khng hn nh
vy. Mch i ln qu b thn l mch Dt, mch i xung qu b thn th thuc b quan,
mch i ln qu b quan th thuc v b thn, mch i xung qu b quan th thuc v b
xch, i ln qu b xch th thuc v b quan, mch i xung qu b xch th thuc mch
Phc. Xt cc li trn y th thy rng, nu ni mch Trng l i qu bn v th khng c l
cng khng hp ngha. Ch c th ni tng mch ca Trng th ging nh cnh cy di,
mch kh thng ln thng xung, u ui tng ng, khng ging nh cc mch khc th
trn di u so le, u ui khng u. Phm cc mch Thc, Lao, Huyn, Khn u c
kim mch Trng. V vy ngi xa ni rng: "Mch Trng ch v cc bnh hu d"
khng phi l li ni khng c cn c vy".
- Chng 'S truyn tam thp nh tc' (Chn tng tam mui) ghi: "Sch ' Thng hn lun' c
vit 'Mch b xch v thn u thy Trng l Dng minh b bnh", sch Ni kinh li ghi:
"Mch Trng l kh vng". V l b ca thy cc, ng kinh ca n nhiu kh nhiu huyt,
v vy mch Trng l mch bnh thng ca V, nhng Trng m phi ha hon th mi l
mch khng bnh. Nu Trng m Ph thnh l t thnh ng kinh. Cng c khi bnh t
sp lui li thy mch Trng. Trng Trng Cnh c ni rng: "Thi m trng phong, tay
chn au nhc, mch b thn Vi, b xch Sc m Trng l sp khi". V phong vn l
dng t, nhn th h, mc xm phm v th m hm vo kinh Thi m, thy mch Trng
gia Vi v Sp, nng au pht ra gc ca cc kinh dng, ng l triu chng sp khi,
chc chn khng phi l triu chng bnh nng thm. Cng c khi m kh khng m mch
li vng ln nh sch Ni kinh c ghi: "Mch thn khu ng vo ngn tay m Trng l
cng chn au". V th, Tn Vit Nhn ni: "Mch kh i hng ln Ng t l mch Dt, i
hng xung Xch trch l mch Phc v b trn c mch b di khng c mch l chng
quan cch, nn ngc, l ng mch m d (khc) chng, khng th bn nh mch 2
b xch thn u Trng c".
- Chng 'Tm, Tiu trng b' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Ma h, Tm ha vng... li thy mch
Huyn, T m Trng l Can bnh lm hi n Tm, m (mu) bnh truyn sang con (t), l
h t tuy bnh nhng d cha".
- Sch 'Y thut' ghi: "Mch Trng cng 1 loi vi mch Huyn nhng vng hn Huyn.
Mch Huyn i Cp, mch Trng i Hon".
Bi ca MCH TRNG (Dng) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Di hn bn v l Trng,
Tng loi Huyn th c v khn trng hn l...
Trng vi Huyn khc nhau xa,
T suy dng dc mi l lng cng.
Trng th vng vc u thay,
207

Tri thng l bnh ta ry ko dy.

Dng c, in gin chng ny,
Hoc dng minh nhit th ngy cng tng.
Bi ca Mch TRNG (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tung: Mch Trng dng dc di thay,
C du c cui dy hai bn.
Hoc i xung hoc i ln,
Hnh nh tay ng theo trn so di.
Ch bnh: Mch Trng ch bnh hu d,
Kh nghch ha thnh t xa bn.
T thn qun ha thnh cang,
Hu thn mch Trng kh nghch y ln.
T quan mc thc chng yn.
Hu quan th ut gy nn tc y.
T xch bn n xung y,
Hu xch tng ha dng nay thnh hnh.

MCH VI
( - Minute (Feeble) Pulse - Pouls Petite).
208

A- i cng
- Vi l nh, mch i chp chn nh c nh khng.
- Thuc loi mch m, thuc v Bt L Mch.
B- Hnh tng mch Vi
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch kh chp chn nh m ni trn
canh".
- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Vi l cc T m Nhuyn
hoc mun tuyt, nh c nh khng".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Mch kh tha, nh, nh c nh khng".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch l m, rt nh nh c, nh khng, mun tuyt m
khng phi tuyt".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch kh khng r, l m, lc n lc hin".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH VI
- Sch 'Mch chn' biu din hnh v mch Vi:

C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Vi

- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch Vi... do dng kh suy".
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Mch Vi... do kh v huyt u h".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Kh huyt h suy th sinh ra mch Vi".
D- Mch Vi ch bnh
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Cc mch Trm, Sp, Nhc, Huyn, Vi
l cc mch m... cc bnh dng thy mch m th cht. Mch thn khu Vi th gi l
dng khng , m kh xm nhp vo phn dng nn s lnh. Hi: C ngi bnh khng
209

run, khng ra m hi m li gii l ti sao? p rng: Mch thy Vi l tng c pht hn,
nh th, h hoc vong huyt l bn trong khng c tn dch, m dng t iu ha, tt bnh
t khi, v vy khng run, khng ra m hi m gii vy".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Vi l kh huyt suy vi, gy ra s lnh, pht st, m hi
ra nhiu. Nam l h lao, n th bng huyt. Mch b thn Vi th th ngn hoc kinh s. B
quan Vi th bng y trng, b xch Vi l tinh huyt kh thiu, s lnh, au rn r".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Vi ch c bi huyt chy
ra khng ngt, sc mt khng ti nhun. Mch b thn Vi l kh xng ngc ln, b quan Vi
l Tm kh b ut kt, mch b xch Vi l di rn c kh tch bn n".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Vi thy trong chng vong dng, kh huyt qu
suy".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Vi ch dng kh suy, cc chng h
ca m dng, kh huyt tnh trng nghim trng".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Vi ch kh h, mt mu, m hi t ra, kit l, hng
au, tay chn t lnh, co qup.
T Thn VI

Hu Thn VI

Kh huyt u suy.

Th gp, m ngng
t.
Hu Quan VI

T Quan VI
Ngc y tc, tay chn co
qup.
T Xch VI

V hn, n khng tiu.

n ng: thng tinh, n b :

bng lu.

Tiu chy, au di
rn.

Hu Xch VI

- Sch 'ng y lc kho' ghi: "Tay tri: B thn Vi l huyt km sinh ra chng hi hp; B
quan Vi l ngc y, ngi mt, chn tay lnh; B xch Vi, n ng th di tinh, tiu ra mu,
n b th b bch i, bng huyt. Tay phi: b thn Vi l hn kh kt b thng tiu gy
ra chng kh kt, hn m ngng kt; B quan Vi l T V b h hn, n ung khng tiu, hay
, bng au lun; B xch Vi l hn kh kt b Thn v Tam tiu gy ra tiu chy".
E- Mch Vi kim mch bnh
- Sch 'Mch kinh' ghi: "Ba b mch Vi m Phc, bnh ko di, c th cht".
- Chng 'Bin mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Hi: Thng hn 3 ngy, mch Ph,
Sc m Vi, c th ngi bnh li mt l ti sao? p: l sp gii v gii vo lc na m.
210

Mch Ph th ra m hi nhanh m gii, mch Sc th n c m gii, mch Vi th m hi ra

nhiu m gii".
- Chng 'Bnh mch php' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Mch thn khu Vi m Sp. Vi l v
kh khng vn hnh, Sp l vinh kh khng theo kp".
- Chng 'Bin thi m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi m trng phong,
tay chn nhc mi, mch b thn Vi, b xch Sp m Trng l sp khi".
- Chng 'Bin thiu m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thiu m bnh th
mch Vi, T, ch mun ng. Thiu m bnh mch Khn, n 7-8 ngy sau th i l, mch Vi
thm, tay chn li m, mch khng cn Khn na l bnh sp gii". Thiu m trng phong,
mch b thn Vi, mch b xch Ph l bnh sp gii. Thiu m bnh, mch Vi, T, Trm, ch
mun nm, m hi m khng ra m khng phin to, mun nn, n 5-6 ngy li mun i k
m phin to khng nm c th cht".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Quyt m trng
phong, thy mch Vi, Ph l sp gii, khng Ph l cha gii".
- Chng 'Bin hc lon bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn m
mch Vi Sc l chng hc lon".
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Bnh huyt
t... thy mch Vi Sp thn khu, v Tiu Khn b quan".
- Chng 'Ph nuy ph ung bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Hi: Chng
ho ngc, xem mch lm sao bit n l chng ph ung? Thy p rng: mch thn
Khu Vi m Sc. Vi l do phong, Sc l do nhit. Vi th ra m hi, Sc th s lnh".
- Chng 'Hung t tm thng bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch phu
dng Vi m Huyn th bng y, Nu trong bng khng y tc, to bn, 2 bn sn au,
l do h hn t di ln. Hi: Ngi bnh b tch thc lm sao m phn bit?. Thy p
rng: Mch thn khu Ph m i, n tay th Sp, b xch th Vi m Sp l bit c thc n
tch li khng tiu".
- Chng 'Thy kh bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch phu dng m
Tr, Vi. Vi l kh, Tr l hn".
- Chng 'u th u bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch thn khu Vi
m Sc. Vi l khng c kh, khng c kh th mch Vi H, Vi H th huyt khng , huyt
khng th lnh ngc".
- Chng 'Sang ung, trng ung bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Hi:
Mch thn khu Ph, Vi m Sp th phi ra m hi, vong huyt. Nu khng ra m hi l ti
sao?. p: l do vt thng dao ba... Mt mu nhiu nn khng ra m hi".

211

- Chng 'Ph nhn sn hu bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Sn ph b
chng mt, chong vng, mch Vi Nhc, nn ma, khng n c, i tin cng, u ra
m hi. S d nh th l do huyt b h".
- Chng 'Lc kinh th bnh pht thng hn nhit bnh trng' (Gip t ) ghi: "Nhit bnh
7-8 ngy, mch Vi Tiu, tiu ra mu, ming kh th 1 ngy ri sau s cht. Nu thy mch
i th 1 ngy sau s cht".
G- Mch Vi v iu tr
- Chng 'Bin Thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi dng bnh
8-9 ngy, triu chng nh st rt, pht st, s lnh, nng nhiu lnh t, khng nn ma, i
tin thy iu ha, trong ngy pht st, rt 2-3 ln, mch Vi, Hon l sp gii. Mch Vi m
s lnh l m dng u h, v vy khng th li dng cc php pht hn, th h. Thi
dng bnh, pht nng s lnh, nng nhiu lnh t, mch Vi, Nhc l v dng, v vy,
khng th dng php hn c, cho ung bi 'Qu chi nh vit t nht thang' ( Qu chi, Ma
hong, Thc dc, Chch tho, Thch cao, i to, Sinh khng ). Thi dng trng
phong, mch Ph, Khn, pht st, s lnh, c th au nhc, ra m hi m li phin to th
cho ung bi 'i thanh long thang' ( Ma hong, Hnh nhn, Thch cao, Qu chi, Chch tho,
Sinh khng, To). Nu thy mch Vi, Nhc, ra m hi, m s gi th khng th ung, nu
ung th tt s sinh ra chng quyt nghch, gn c v tht b my git, l nghch chng.
Mch Ph Sc, ra m hi m lnh, nu lm m dng php h th lm cho c th nng, hi
hp. Khng th dng php pht hn m hy ch cho m hi t ra th khi. S d nh vy l
v mch b xch Vi, l phn biu b h, phi ch cho phn biu v l u thc, tn dch
u ha th m hi t ra m khi. Sau khi dng php h m li cn pht hn, tt lm cho
lnh run, mch Vi T, s d c nh vy l v trong v ngoi u b h. Sau khi dng php
h m li cn pht hn lm cho sut ngy phin to, khng ng c, m th yn tnh,
khng i, khng kht, khng c chng biu, mch Trm, Vi, c th khng nng lm, dng bi
'Can khng ph t thang' m cha ( Can khng, Ph t). Thi dng bnh cha cha,
mch xch v thn u Vi, trc th run ry, sau ra m hi m gii, dng bi 'iu v tha
kh thang' (i hong, Chch tho, Mang tiu). Thng hn 13 ngy, ni xm l c nhit,
nn dng php h... Nu t h l th mch phi Vi quyt, nay li iu ha l do ni thc, cho
ung bi 'iu v tha kh thang' (i hong,Chch tho, Mang tiu). Gp mch Vi Sc th
khng c dng php cu v ha t s lm cho phin nghch. Thi dng bnh 6-7 ngy
m chng biu vn cn mch Vi m Trm, khng b kt hung, ngi bnh nh pht cung,
nhit h tiu, v vy bng di y cng, tiu tin t li, i tin ra mu ri t khi. S d
nh vy l v Thi dng i theo kinh, huyt, l m ra. Cho ung bi ' ng thang'
(Thy it, Mang trng, i hong, o nhn). Bnh thng hn sau khi dng php th, h,
li cn pht hn, tt thy h phin, mch Vi thm, 7-8 ngy sau th vng v qun y tc, au
di 2 bn sn, kh xung nghch ln hng, hoa mt, lu ngy s thnh chng nuy".
- Chng 'Bin thiu m bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thiu m bnh i
l m mch Vi, cho ung bi 'Bch thng thang' ( Ph t, Thng bch, Can khng). Thiu
m bnh, i l phn lng, trong lnh ngoi nng, tay chn lnh, mch Vi mun tuyt, c th
khng s lnh, sc mt , bng au, nn o khan, hng au hoc ngng i l m mch li
khng hin ra, cho ung bi 'Thng mch t nghch thang' ( Chch tho, Ph t, Can
212

khng). Thiu m bnh i l m mch Vi, Sp, nn ma m ra m hi... nn dng php n

cu trn (huyt B hi )".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn
6-7 ngy, mch Vi, chn tay lnh, phin to, nn cu quyt tm. Nu dng php cu m
vn cn b quyt lnh khng hi phc c th cht".
- Chng 'Bin hoc lon bnh mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun ) ghi: " nn m cn
i l, tiu tin li, ra m hi nhiu, i tin phn lng, trong lnh ngoi nng, mch Vi mun
tuyt, cho ung bi 'T nghch thang' (Si h, Ch thc, Chch tho, Thc dc). S lnh,
mch Vi m li i l, l ngng m li b vong huyt th cho ung bi 'T nghch gia nhn sm
thang' (Chch tho, Ph t, Can khng, Nhn sm).
- Chng 'Huyt t h lao bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Chng huyt
t, mch m dng u Vi, b thn v quan u Vi, b xch th Tiu Khn, c th mt cm
gic nh chng phong t, cho ung bi 'Hong k qu chi ng vt thang' ( Hong k, Qu chi,
Thc dc, Sinh khng, To). - Cc chng tht tinh... thy mch thn khu Vi, Khn,
n ng th tht (mt) tinh, n b th mng thy giao hp, cho ung bi 'Qu chi long ct
mu l thang' ( Qu chi, Thc dc, Cam tho, Sinh khng, To, Long ct, Mu l).
- Chng 'Hung t tm thng bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: "Mch phu
dng Vi m Huyn th bng y, nu bng khng y tc, i tin kh, 2 bn sn au,
l do h hn t di ln, cho ung thuc n". "Mch thn khu Ph m i, n tay th Sp,
b xch th Vi m Sp l bit c thc n tch li khng tiu cho ung bi 'i tha kh thang'
( i hong, Ch thc, Hu phc, Mang tiu)".
- Chng 'm m khi thu bnh mch chng tnh tr' ( Kim qu yu lc) ghi: " h bng
bi Thanh long thang , ming kh, hay khc, mch b thn Trm, b xch Vi, tay chn lnh,
kh xung t bng di ln ngc, tay chn t, sc mt nh say ru, tiu tin kh, hay chng
mt, cho ung bi 'Phc linh qu chi bch trut cam tho thang' ( Phc linh, Qu chi, Cam
tho, Bch trut)".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Vi... l Thn kh, Mnh
mn suy yu... n b dng bi 'Phc long can tn' ( Phc long can, Sinh a, Xuyn khung,
Qu tm, T tn, Bch ch, Can khng, Thc dc, Ng th du, Chch tho )... B h tn
cho chng ny nn dng bi 'ng quy thc dc thang' ( ng quy, Thc dc,
Nhn sm, Qu tm, Sinh khng, Cam tho, To, Can a hong ). C ch ni l khng
bng dng bi 'Bt v a hong hon' ( Thc a, Sn th, Hoi sn, n b, Trch t, Bch
linh, Nhc qu, Ph t ). Mch b thn Vi l kh xng ngc ln, cho ung bi 'Cch kh tn'
(Nhc u khu nhn, Mc hng, Can khng, Hu phc, Thanh b, Cam tho, Tam lng,
ch tr nhn, Nga trut, Nhc qu, Trn b, Tn lang, Ch xc ). Mch b quan Vi l Tm kh b
ut kt, cho ung bi 'Qun kh tn' ( inh hng, Mc hng, n hng, Hoc hng,
Bch u khu nhn, Sa nhn, Cam tho ) hoc bi 'Ph t l trung thang' ( Bch trut, Nhn
sm, Can khng, Ph t, Cam tho). Mch b xch Vi l chng bn n, cho ung bi 'Nht
tr thang' ( Nhn sm, Phc thn, Bch trut, Cam tho, Hong k, ch tr nhn, Vin ch, B
213

t nhn, Trn b, Mc hng, Sinh khng, To ), hoc dng bi 'Bt v a hong hon' bi
Qu v Ph t".
H- Mch Vi qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Chn gia chnh nhn' ghi: "Bnh lu ngy m thy mch Vi th thng khng cu
cha c, v chnh kh b tuyt. Mch b thn Vi th s lnh, b xch Vi th pht st,
nu khng i b th s kh khi. Cao Dng Sinh ni: Mch Vi thuc m... l bng lu, i
h, xng ty kh kit" cng cha ni ht ch bnh ca mch Vi".
- Chng 'Mch thn' (Cnh Nhc ton th) ghi: "Mch Vi... l triu chng kh huyt u h,
s lnh, kinh s, khip nhc, trung tiu b hn, y trng, nn ma, tiu chy, h hn, n
khng tiu, bng v tht lng au. y tuy l kh huyt u h nhng ni ng hn l do
nguyn dng hao tn nn thy cc triu chng m hn".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Bnh lu ngy m thy mch Vi l chnh kh sp tuyt,
mi b bnh m thy mch Vi l th (cm) t cha nng, cn cha c".
- So snh gia mch Vi v mch T, ng Tn Hi nhn xt nh sau: Mch Vi ch kh h
hn l huyt h, mch T ch huyt h hn l kh h, v kh h nn mch nhy khng c
sc, cn huyt h th (tng) mch nh".
Bi Ca Mch VI (m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Mch Vi nh nh nh thay,
H khi ta n nng tay thm g.
Tng loi: Vi dng yu, T m suy,
T em so vi Vi th r hn.
Ch bnh: Mch Vi kh huyt suy vi,
S lnh pht nng m hi dm d,
Trai th lao cc, h nuy,
Gi th i h hoc l bng trung.
Thn Vi th gp, tm kinh,
Quan Vi y trng bnh tnh khn nguy.
Xch Vi tinh huyt u suy,
S lnh, tiu kht hoc l au rn.
214

Bi Ca Mch VI (Chn gia chnh nhn)

Mch tng: Mch Vi cc nh li mm,
y l tng mch phi nn ghi lng.
Ta nh c ta nh khng,
Ta nh ht dt m trong vn cn.
Ch bnh: Khi xem m thy mch Vi,
Ch bnh kh huyt suy lm ri.
Thn Vi phn bit hn hi,
Hu thi kh xc, t thi tm kinh.
Quan Vi cng phi phn minh,
Hu quan Vi lnh, t rnh rt co.
T xch ty kit tinh kh,
Hu xch dng tuyt ng lo trm phn.
I- CC Y N MCH VI
Y n Mch VI M Sc
(Trch trong 'Tc danh y loi n')
"Trng Phi Tr cha cho con trai ng Ng. Anh ny sau ngy thnh hn b th huyt ra
nhiu n my thng, ng bo ngi nh ly 20g Nhn sm sc chung vi ng tin cho
ung. Sng hm sau, c thy thuc bn l nn dng Sinh a, Sn chi, Ngu tt, m khng
nn dng Nhn sm. Trng Phi Tr lin ni: Su b mch u H, Vi m Sc th bit chc
l khng c huyt. Huyt thot th phi ch kh iu ny c nh r. Ni l khng nn
dng Nhn sm l khng bit rng "Huyt m gp hn th s b ngng tr". Nay thn hn
v ch, nu xoay tr chc s b hn m. Nu khng i b bng Nhn sm th ly g c lim
c nguyn kh b cho thot? Lin dng 40g Nhn sm, sc, chia lm 2 ln cho ung th cc
chng nhiu. Sau dng thay i cc bi 'T qun t thang', 'Bo nguyn thang', 'Lc v
a hong hon'. Ri li cho dng bi ' ct k hon' iu dng ri khi hn".
Y n 2 B Xch Trm VI
(Trch trong 'Tn Vn Vin y n')
215

"C du trng ca ng Nghim b au bng, bng c khi nh v thy rt lnh. Mch b

thn v quan c 2 tay u Hot Sc, 2 b xch th Trm Vi. y l do T kh suy nhc n
ung khng tiu, li ang lc thi tit m thp, chc chn khng i l cng b tiu chy, phi
phng. Cho ung Bch trut, Thng trut, Phc linh, Cam tho, Mc hng, Bn h,
Trn b, Trch t, Bch khu nhn. n ti qu nhin i t 1 ln, sng hm sau i 1 ln na.
Bng di au khng gim m li l cp hu trng. Ngi bnh vn sn b h v vy phi
b km thm hot li. Cho ung Bch thc 12g, Qu tm 4g, Cam tho, Nhn sm, Phc
linh, Trch t, Trn b, Bch trut, mi v 3,2g. Thng ma, Ct cn mi v 2,4g. Ung xong th
thy mch u Nhuyn Nhc, khng cn Hot, khi u bng cng tiu. i cho ung Nhn
sm, Hong k, Bch trut, Bch thc mi th 8g, Chch Cam tho, Trn b, Ct cn, Si
h, Phc linh mi v 4g. iu dng 1 thi gian, khi".

MCH XC
( - Hurried Pulse - Pouls Excite)
A- i cng
- Xc, theo nguyn ngha l gp rt, mau, nhanh.
- Sch 'Mch hc tp yu' ghi: "... Mch ch i rt nhanh, cng thn khu, gi l mch Xc".
- Chng 'Y gia quan min' (Hi thng y tn tm lnh) ghi: "Mch Sc m thnh thong
ngng 1 ci gi l mch Xc".
B- Hnh tng mch Xc
- Chng 'Mch hnh trng ch h b quyt' (Mch kinh) ghi: "Mch Xc n ri i nhanh vi,
c khi ngng ri li tip tc".
- Sch 'Mch hc tp yu' ghi: "Mch Xc... p rt nhanh di ngn tay".
- Sch 'Mch nguyn' ghi: "Xt v mch Xc, c lc ging nh ngng, mch p gp rt,
ngha l nhanh vi, cp bch, trong nhanh c thy c p nho nh".
216

- Sch 'T chn chnh php' ghi: "Mch Xc... p gp rt thn khu ra n ng t, c lc
ging nh ngng ri mi p li".
- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch n gp rt, c lc dng li".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch i li rt nhanh, thnh thong ngng
li 1 ci, ngng khng c s nht nh".
HNH V BIU DIN MCH XC
- Sch 'Mch chn' biu th hnh v mch Xc nh sau:

- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' ghi hnh biu din mch Xc nh sau:

- Sch 'KH YHCT V YHH trong lm sng' m t hnh v biu din mch Xc nh sau:

Thi gian tin tng mu trong mch Xc chm hn bnh thng, trung bnh 0,149 giy +0,044 giy (bnh thng 0,09 +- 0,01). Thi gian tng mu trong mch Xc ni chung c
phn hi nhanh hn bnh thng, trung bnh 0,297 giy +- 0,020 (bnh thng 0,31 +- 0,02
giy).

217

Tn s mch Xc nm trong phm vi t 90 - 180 ln/pht tuy nhin c rt nhiu trng hp

ln n 120 - 130 ln/pht tr ln. Mch c lc b gin on c lc ging nh b gin on,
ngha l mch Xc thuc 1 loi mch lon nhp... C lc ging nh b gin on ngha l lc
mch khng hn l ngng p nhng thy thuc c cm gic nh sng mch p v
cng yu, gn nh khng bt c mch.
C- Nguyn nhn pht sinh mch Xc
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi: "Dng thnh m m khng ha c, hoc n kh nghch
ln... gy ra mch Xc".
- Sch 'Ton sinh ch m' ghi: "... Do vinh v b ri lon khng cn s, m kh thc
dng... gy ra mch Xc".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Dng thnh m m khng ha v vy m
mch i rt nhanh v thnh thong li ngng (Xc)".
- Sch 'T chn quyt vi' ghi: "Mch Xc do lo lng ngh ngi, kh tr ut kt, tch t gy ra,
hoc do nng st qu m khng h xung c... cng gy ra mch Xc".
- Sch 'Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu' ghi: "Mch Xc gp ngi b bnh tim, b rung nh
hoc ngi bnh c nhp tim nhanh km theo ngoi tm thu".
- Theo sch 'Kt hp YHCT v YHH trong lm sng', nguyn nhn gy ra mch Xc c th
do:
Dng kh thng nghch thnh trn thnh di h.
n ung tch tr (thc n gy kch thch), ng c n ung... hoc m ngng tr kinh
dng, hoc do t kh ng lm tr ngi s lu thng ca mu gy ra mch Xc.
D- Mch Xc ch bnh
- Chng 'Bin Thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi dng bnh
thuc chng Qu chi m thy thuc li dng php h, gy ra i l khng ngng, mch Xc, l
biu cha gii". "Thi dng bnh, dng php h, thy mch Xc m khng c chng kt
hung l bnh sp gii".
- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn m mch
Xc, tay chn quyt nghch, nn dng php cu ( bng ngi nhung)".
- Sch 'Mch kinh' ghi: "Mch Xc p dn dp trn thn khu l au vng b vai sau
lng".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi: "Gin d lm cho kh xng ngc ln gy ra mch Xc, kh
th, ngi bnh sinh ra nng ny, bun bc, c khi trong ngi mu dn li pht cung".
218

- Sch 'Trung y hc khi lun' ghi: "Mch Xc gp chng ha, phn kh b tr ngi".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Xc ch dng thnh nhit thc,
huyt kh, m m, thc n ngng tr, sng au".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch Xc ch kh nghch ln, suyn th, vai lng au,
kt hung, di tinh, kit l, nhit cao, m , thng thc, vong dng".
T Thn XC

Hu Thn XC

Nhit ha bc ln cao.
T Quan XC

Kh nghch, suyn, ph kh
kh.
Hu Quan XC

Huyt to.
T Xch XC

Thng thc.
Hu Xch XC

Di tinh.

Vong dng.

- Sch 'Kt hp YHCT v YHH trong lm sng' ghi: "Mch Xc d bt gp nhiu trong a s
trng hp tim p nhanh km thm ngoi tm thu bt thng hoc c nh k, bnh van 2
l (hp, h), c tim vim, tim suy, nhng bnh gy st cp tnh nht l bnh bch hu hoc
bin chng ca bnh thng hn do trc khun Eberth gy nn hoc tuy t gp hn trong
chng cng tuyn gip trng (Bazedow).
E- Mch Xc kim mch bnh
- Sch 'Mch hc xin vi' vit: " Mch Xc m Hng, Thc th nhit thnh.mch Xc m Hot
Sc l Ph nhit, m thng. Mch Xc m Trm Sp l huyt kh ut tr. Mch Xc m Tiu
l h thot".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi:
. Xc m Hng, Thc, c lc l nhit, l t tr kinh lc.
. Xc m Tiu, v lc l h thot.
F- Mch Xc v iu tr
- Chng 'Bin Thi dng mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thi dng bnh,
sau khi dng php h, thy mch Xc, ngc y tc, cho ung bi 'Qu chi thang', b Thc
dc ( Qu chi, Cam tho, Sinh khng, i to). "Thi dng bnh thuc Qu chi chng
m thy thuc li dng php h, v vy gy ra i l khng ngng, mch Xc, l chng biu
cha gii, suyn m ra m hi, cho ung bi 'Ct cn cm lin thang' (Ct cn, Cam tho,
Hong cm, Hong lin)".
219

- Chng 'Bin quyt m mch chng tnh tr' (Thng hn lun) ghi: "Thng hn m mch
Xc, tay chn quyt nghch, nn dng php cu ( Trn Tu Vin cho rng cu huyt Thi
xung).
G- Mch Xc qua cc li bn
- Sch 'Ton sinh ch m' ghi: "Tng mch Xc i t b xch ln thn khu gp vi, ging
nh ch n m khng i, l vinh v b ri lon khng cn s (bnh thng), m kh thc
dng".
- Sch 'Chn gia khu yu' ghi: "Cng l kh, l huyt, l n, ung, m, trc ht nhit kh
lm cho mch Sc ri sau 1 trong 5 nguyn nhn trn gy ng tr, gy ra mch Xc, v
vy chng phi vn l c mnh. Tuy nhin nu mch cng thm th cht, gim bt l
sng, do , cng l loi mch ng s vy".
- Sch 'Tn H mch hc' ghi: "Mch Xc ch bnh v tng ha, c 5 nguyn nhn (kh,
huyt, n ung v m), cn phi xt k l ho suyn, m tch hoc pht cung hay nhit
c".
- Sch 'Mch hc tp yu' ghi: "Phng Long m ni: Mch Sc l ngun gc ca mch
Xc, trc tin l Sc ri tin ti Xc, y l mch Sc n tt nh vy".
- Sch 'Mch hc ging ngha' ghi: "Xc ni trn y l mch kh gp bi, cp bch. Ngi
i sau da vo 'Bin mch php' ca Trng Trng Cnh v sch 'Mch kinh' ca Vng
Thc Ha m cho rng Sc c ngng ngh l mch Xc. Tuy nhin xt t ngha ca ch Xc
th thy hnh dung ngn, nhanh, vn khng c ngng ngh. Ch khi bnh do kh huyt ngng
tr hoc do m hoc thc n tr th mch i c khi gin on, tuy rng mch kh qua li
cp, Sc cht thy ngng ri li tip th vn cha hp vi bnh l, khi lm sng, cn phi
thn trng xem xt".
Bi Ca Mch XC (m) (Tn H mch hc)
Th trng: Xc p mau c lc ngng,
l dng cc mun chng m vong.
Tam tiu ha bc bng bng,
Lui th cn th, tin mong sng g.
Tng loi: Xc i mau c lc ngng,
i chm m dng mch Kt chng sai.
i th ngng, chng li ngay,
Kt sinh, i t hai loi khc nhau.
220

Ch bnh: Xc thng ch cha ha thi,

Nm nguyn nhn na phi ngi m suy.
Tch, m, ho suyn thng khi,
Hoc l ung c cng th cung ban.
Bi Ca Mch XC (Chn gia chnh nhn)
Mch tng: Mch Xc i hi vi vng,
ang i th bng li ngng li ngay.
Nh i m vp ng dy,
H thy mch ny tin quyt t vong.
Ch bnh: Mch Xc s ch bnh g ?
Hoc v vt tr hoc v ha vim.
T thn tm ha bc ln,
Hu thn mch Xc ho hen suyn m.
Huyt tr, Xc thy t quan,
T h thc tr hu quan cho rnh,
T xch Xc hot di tinh,
Hu xch th thy bnh sinh nng nhiu.
H- Cc Y n Mch Xc
Y n Mch XC
(Trch trong 'C kim y n')
"C ngi v n nhiu tht nga sinh ra trng bng. C thy thuc cho ung Ba u, i
hong th bnh cng nng hn. Mi Hng Nhan Chng n xem mch. Khm thy mch
thn khu Xc m 2 b xch li mun tuyt. Hng Nhan Chng lin ni: V ngc c t nn
mch mi Xc, phi dn cho iu t ln trn, y dng php h l sai. ng lin cho dng
php th ma n tch tr ra ri cho ung bi 'Thn khung hon' ( i hong, Hong
cm, Khin ngu, Hot thch, Bc h, Hong lin, Xuyn khung ). Bnh khi, ai ny u
phc".
221

Y n Mch Huyn Sc XC
(Trch trong 'Tc danh y loi n')
"Ngy Ngc Hong cha mt ngi 70 tui, vo ma ng m ra m hi, y l do thy
suy, Can ha thiu t bn trong. ang khi thi tit b tng m li nng m trong ngi ri
ra m hi. C ngi ch cho ly Hong k chng vi To en m ung. Sau 4-5 ngy, qu
nhin ht ra m hi nhng li pht ho. C ngi cho l thng phong nn dng cc v nh
Tin h, Ct cnh, Hnh nhn, T t, Tn giao, Phng phong. C ngi cho l m ha nn
dng Nh trn, Khng trp, Trc lch. C ngi cho l huyt h nn dng bi 'T vt', 'Tri b
a hong hon', nhng u khng cng hiu, bnh nh vy hn na nm. n lc ,
Ngy Ngc Hong n xem mch, thy Huyn Sc m Xc. Triu chng th m nhiu, n t,
2 chn sng ph. Cho ung Sinh a, Mch mn, Cu k t, a ct b, Sa sm, N trinh t.
Ung 4 thang khng thy thuyn gim, lin cho thm Thc a, Qua lu nhn. Ung hn 20
thang th khi".

PHN BIT MCH

Tuy cc nh mch hc c gng trnh by tng i kh r v tng loi mch, nhng trn
thc t lm sng cho thy, c nhiu mch c nhiu im rt ging nhau, d gy ln ln, v
vy, c kh nhiu ti liu b cng sc c gng nu ln nhng im phn bit cc loi
mch ny. Chng ti da theo cc ti liu , sp xp li nh sau: Theo chng 'Thm
tng lun' sch 'Hi Kh mch hc' th c th dng 2 phng php SO SNH v I LP
nu ln nhng im ging v khc nhau gia cc mch:
A- PHP SO SNH
Mch ON v Mch NG
. on l mch m, khng u, khng ui, mch n tr tr.
. ng l mch dng, khng u, khng ui, mch n nhanh v trn.
Mch HNG v THC
Mch Hng ta nh nc lt, to, trn y u ngn tay, nng tay hi gim.
222

Mch Thc th chc nch, ng di tay c lc, nng nh tay u vn thy nh vy.
Mch HUYN v TRNG
Huyn ging nh dy cung, cng thng, cng u m khng di vo tay.
Mch Trng nh cy so, vt qua c v tr gc m li khng di vo tay.
Mch NHU v NHC
Mch Nhu nh mm m Ph.
Mch Nhc nh mm m Trm.
Mch LAO v CCH
Mch Lao c dng Trm i m Huyn, ch ng v tr.
Mch Cch c dng H, i m Ph, Huyn, trong h ngoi cp.
Mch PH vi Mch H v KHU
Mch Ph, nh tay th mnh, nng tay th yu.
Mch H to m v lc, nh hoc nng tay u nh nhau.
Mch Khu nh hoc nng tay u thy rng gia.
Mch SC v KHN, HOT
Mch Sc i li gp rt, 1 hi th 6 ch.
Mch Khn lan ra 2 bn ngn tay, ging nh ko dy thng.
Mch Hot i li lu li, trn tru nh con tnh chy trn bn.
Mch TRM vi PHC
Mch Trm t nh tay hnh nh khng thy, n nng mi thy.
Mch Phc n nng tay cng khng thy, y tm ti gn mi thy.
Mch TR vi HON
Mch Tr 1 hi th i 3 ch, hnh nh m yu.
Mch Hon 1 hi th i 4 ch, hnh to m ha hon.
223

Mch VI vi T
Mch Vi khng bng T, nh c, nh khng, ging nh si t nhn.
Mch T hi ln hn mch Vi, ng di tay rt nh, nh si ch mnh.
Mch XC vi Mch KT, I, SC
Mch Xc gp rt, trong Sc thnh thong li ngng.
Mch Kt th trong Tr thnh thong li ngng.
Mch i th ng m khi ngng ri th kh tr li, c s ngng ngh nht nh, khng phi
ngu nhin.
Mch Sc th Tr, on, st tr, mch n rt nh mun ngng 3 hoc 5 ch (trong 1 hi th),
khng u.
B- PHP I LP
Mch HOT v Mch SC
Theo s thng hoc tr ca mch.
Mch Hot l huyt nhiu, kh t. Huyt nhiu cho nn mch lu li, trn trn.
Sc l kh nhiu, huyt t, v vy st m tn.
Mch HNG v Mch VI
Theo s thnh suy ca mch.
Mch Hng: huyt nhit m thnh, kh theo m bng ln trn y u tay, sc mnh vt
mnh, v vy Hng l thnh.
Mch Vi: kh h m hn, huyt theo m st li, ng vi mch nh, mun t, v vy Vi l
suy.
Mch KT v Mch XC
Theo m hoc dng ca mch.
Dng cc th Xc, mch nhanh, gp m c lc ngng.
m cc th Kt, mch i chm m c lc ngng.
Mch KHN v HON
224

Da theo sc chng v cng ca mch.

Mch Khn l hn, lm tn thng phn vinh, huyt, mch lc b kch bc nhau. Nu gp khi
phong thot khi thy vt trn th li nh ct dy, ko thng.
Hon l phong, lm tn thng phn v, kh, vinh huyt khng thng, mch khng i nhanh
c, ging nh bc i chm ri.
Mch PH v TRM
Da vo s thng ging ca mch.
Ph, bt chc tri l khinh thanh, mch ni trn.
Trm, bt chc t l trng trc, mch chm di.
Mch PHC v Mch NG
Da vo nng su ca mch.
Mch ng: thy b quan, hnh nh ht u ln di tay, khc vi cc b khc.
Mch Phc su vo trong khng thy hnh m di gn, xng.
Mch THC v Mch H
Da theo s cng nhu ca mch.
Mch Thc: ng mch sung thc, n tay nh hoc nng cng u hu lc.
Mch H: ng mch i yu, khng thy c lc di tay.
Mch TR v SC
Da theo s nhanh chm ca mch.
Mch Sc: nhp mch i nhanh.
Mch Tr: nhp mch i chm.
Mch TRNG v ON
Da theo s di ngn ca mch.
Mch Trng thy b xch v thn, c khi thng sut c 3 b.
Mch on ch thy xch hoc thn.
225

Phi xem xt coi mch c qua khong gia (quan) hay khng. Qua khong gia l Trng,
khng qua khong gia l on.
CHN ON V IU TR QUA BA B MCH
A- Mch Thn Khu
Chng trng
Tn mch
biu hin
PH
KHN
VI

Trng phong,
st, au u.
au u,
xng tht
au.
Lnh m chy
mu mi.
Nn ma,
nng vng
thng v,
ngc bt rt.

Bi thuc
thch ng
Qu chi ct
cn thang.
Ma hong
thang.

Huyt chm
Phong tr,
Phong ph.
My xung.

Ng v t
thang.

Tr nhit
Thng hn
thang.
SC
Trung qun.
7,8 n 10
ngy, nhit Tri mu thang.
trung tiu,
phin nhit,
y trng,
kht.
Da t di,
phong hn Phng phong
Phong tr,
HON
xm nhp c
thang.
Phong ph.
nhc.
Dng thc,
trong ngc
Chm t C
HOT
Tin h thang.
y trng,
khuyt.
nn ma.
Vng di tim
bt rt, hi
Chm t K
HUYN au u, di Cam toi vin.
mn.
tim c thu
kh.
Dng kh h,
Phc linh
NHC t ra m hi,
Trung qun.
thang.
hi th ngn.
226

Can a hong
thang.
Trc b thang,
Nn ma,
KHNG
Hong th
chy mu mi.
thang.
Trong ngc
kh nghch,
nghn khng
PHC thng, kh lnh Tin h thang
trong d dy
bc ln tim,
ngc.
Ngc au lan
ra hng sn,
Trch tt
TRM
trong ngc c
thang.
thu kh.
Dng kh
yu, t ra m
Can a hong
NHU
hi, l du
thang.
hiu ca h
tn.
Thng tiu
c hn, tm
TR
thng, hng Ph t thang.
au, nn ra
nc chua.
Ph T sinh
nhit, nn
Trc dip
THC ma kh lnh, thang, Ct cn
h th sinh
thang.
hn.
Hong cm
T
St, nn ma.
long m
thang.
HNG
Ngc sn Sinh khng
y trng.
thang.
I
SP

V kh bt tc.

B Tc tam l.
Cu Chin
trung.
C khuyt,
Thng qun.
Cu Chin
trung.

Chm t C
khuyt.

B Thi xung.

Cu Trung
ph.
Thng qun,
K mn,
Chng mn.

B- Mch B QUAN
Tn mch Chng trng
biu hin
PH
Bng y,

Bi thuc
thch ng
Bnh v tn,
227

Huyt chm
Chm Trung

khng mun
n.

Phc linh
qun, trct
thang, Sinh
sau b.
khng tin
h thang.
Ng th
Cu C
Vng di tim
ng quy
khuyt,
KHN
y trng,
thang, i
au.
hong thang. T H qun.
Trong d dy
Ph t thang,
lnh, vng
Chm b C
VI
Sinh khng
di tim co
khuyt.
thang.
tht.
Chm C
Tri mu thang,
khuyt,
Trong d dy
SC
Tr nhit
c nhit.
t Thng
thang.
qun.
Khng mun
n, V kh
Bnh v tn, B
Cu b
HON
khng iu
t thang.
Chng mn.
ho, T kh
bt tc
Trong d dy
c nhit, kh
y trng,
T uyn
Chm t Trung
HOT
khng mun
thang.
qun.
n, n vo l
nn.
Trong d dy
c hn, vng
Cu b Trung
HUYN
di tim b Th du thang.
qun.
quyt nghch,
V kh h yu.
V kh h,
Trc dip
Chm b
NHC trong d dy
thang.
Trung qun.
c nhit.
Huyt kh
nghch lnh,
mch Sp l Can a hong
SP
B Thi xung.
huyt h,
thang.
trung tiu hi
c nhit.
Sinh a
Cu Cch du.
i tin ra
KHNG
hong v Sinh
mu.
trc b thang. Ra mu nhiu:
228

chm Quan
nguyn.
TRM

NHU
TR
THC

LAO

T H

HNG

Vng di tim
Bch vi phc
c kh lnh,
Chm b
linh phin, Ph
y trng,
Trung qun.
t thang.
nut chua.
Nu h lnh,
Xch thch chi Chm b Quan
T qu suy
thang.
nguyn.
yu.
Trong d dy Qu chi thang,
Chm b
c hn.
Th du thang. Trung qun.
Chi t thang,
Chm b
D dy au. Th du u
Trung qun.
vin.
Kh ca T V
b b tc, nhit T uyn vin, Chm cu t
thnh lm cho T t vin.
Trung qun.
bng y.
Chm cu H
Sinh khng
qun, Trung
Bng y.
th du thc
qun, Thng
tiu thang.
qun.
Trong d dy
Chm Trung
c nhit, bt Bnh v tn. qun (trc t
rt.
sau b.

B- Mch B XCH
Tn mch

PH
KHN

VI
SC

Chng
trng biu
hin
Phong nhit
h tiu,
tiu kh
Di rn
au.

Bi thuc Huyt chm

thch ng
C mch Chm t Honh
thang, Hot
ct, Quan
thch tn.
nguyn.
Cu Thin xu,
ng quy
chm b Quan
thang.
nguyn.

Quyt
nghch, bng Tiu kin
Chm Kh hi.
di co tht, trung thang.
c hn kh.
S gi, di K t thang, Chm t Honh
229

HON

HOT

HUYN

NHC

SP
KHNG
PHC
TRM
NHU
TR
THC
LAO

bng au
nng, nc
tiu vng.
Chn yu,
chn sng
ph, tiu
kh, tiu
but.
Huyt kh
thc, ph n
kinh mch
khng
thng, nam
gii b tiu
ra mu.
Bng di
au, tiu v
bp chn b
co tht.

Bch ng
tn.

ct.

Hot thch
Chm t Honh
thang, C
ct.
mch tn.

B tiu tin,
Chm t Quan
i hong
nguyn.
thang.

Kin trung
thang,
Chm t Kh hi.
ng quy
thang.
Can a
Dng kh
hong
Chm b Quan
thiu, st,
thang, Phc
nguyn.
nng xng.
linh thang.
Ph t t
ng chn
Chm b Thi
nghch
lnh, tiu .
xung.
thang.
H tiu h, Trc b sinh Chm b Kh hi,
tiu ra mu. a thang. Quan nguyn.
Bng di
Bnh v tn,
au, sn kh,
Chm b Quan
Ct cnh
thc n
nguyn.
hon.
khng tiu.
Thn kh
Chm b Kinh
Lng au.
hon.
mn.
C mch
Tiu kh. thang, Bch T Quan nguyn.
ng tn.
H tiu c
Qu chi
B Quan
hn.
thang.
nguyn.
Bng di ng quy
au, tiu thang thm
B Quan
khng t i hong
nguyn.
ch.
30g.
Bng
nh lch t Chm an in,
230

trng, au
trong m
o.

th du
thang.

Quan nguyn,
Trung cc.

MCH L (QUI MCH)

Ngoi cc mch chnh trnh by trn, cc nh nghin cu v mch cn nu ra mt s
mch gi l 'Mch l' (Qui mch).
T i nh Nguyn (1277-1368), trong sch 'Th y c hiu phng' Ngy Dic Lm nu
ln 10 loi mch l gi l 'Thp qui mch' nhng sau ny, cc nh mch hc b bt 3
loi (Chuyn u, Ma xc, Yn ao) i, cn li 7 loi mch l ( Tht qui mch) v hin nay,
a s cc sch u ch nhc n 7 loi mch l ny m thi.
1- N THCH
Sng mch i nh p vo (thch), ch thy p vi ci ri thi khng thy na.
Biu hin ca mch Ph b tuyt. Nu thy b xch bn tri (t xch) l du hiu Thn sp
b tuyt.
2- GII SCH
Sng mch i ri lon, tn mc ging nh m dy (gii) b ri ( sch).
Biu hin ca Ng tng b tuyt. Nu thy b xch bn tri (t xch) l du hiu th khc
thy.
3- H DU
Sng mch i khng u, lc th im lm khng ng y, ri thy vt mnh 1 ci ri li ngng
li, ging nh con tm (h) ang bi ( du).
231

Biu hin ca T V b tuyt.

4- NG TNG (DC)
Sng mch i nh dng con c (ng) ang bi li (tng - dc): phn trn (st da) thy
rung ng nhng pha di li yn.
Biu hin ca Thn b tuyt.
5- C LU
Sng mch chy trn tut 1 ci, 1 lt sau li thy 1 ci, ging nh nc t trn mi nh (c)
b dt (lu), theo l hng chy xung.
Biu hin ca Tm, Ph, T v V b tuyt.
6- PH PH
Sng mch i lc nhc nh nc trong ni (ph) ang si (ph).
Biu hin ca mch cht.
7- TC TRC
Sng mch nhy 3-5 ci lin tc, ngng li ri p tip 3-5 ci, nh con chim s (tc) ang
m (trc) thc n.
Biu hin ca Tm, Ph, T v V b tuyt.

8- CHUYN U
Mch n lin tc, nh ln (chuyn) trn ht u (u).
Biu hin mch ca Tm b tuyt.
9- MA XC
Mch chy khng th t, b nh nh ht m (ma).
Biu hin ca v kh b kh, vinh huyt b rt (st) li. Nu nng th khong 1 ngy s cht.
10- YN AO
232

Sng mch i, c cm gic nh s trn sng (yn) dao (ao). Mch Ph m nh gp, n vo
thy cng, to m i gp.
Biu hin mch ca Can b tuyt.
BI CA V THT QUI MCH
(Chn gia chnh nhn)
Tc trc ta chim s m mi,
ng 5,3 ci, ng thi li ngng.
c lu ta nh dt chng?
Thnh thong mi thy mch tng ng ln.
n thch nhu nm chm,
Trm Huyn n mnh th tm thy ngay.
Mch i bng tha bng dy,
y l Gii sch thc y m.
Ng tng nh c ln a,
u th yn tnh ui ng lun.
H du ng ta con tm,
ang khi im lng bng chm ny ln.
Ph ph nh nc xc ln,
Khng c tc s u nn t tng.
Yn ao mch cng khc thng.
Nh dao nga li mt ng cng cng.
Chuyn u nh ht u ln,
Nh s trn ht d nhn ch lm.
Ma ph mch nh v lun,
233

R rng mt tinh thn hin ra.

Mi bi mch xa k qua,
Phi cn nhn r ho l cu chng?
BY DNG MCH CHT
Mch c lu na gi mt nhiu.
Mch Ng tng nh c nh khng.
Mch H du lng lng bng vng.
Mch Tc trc nh g m thc.
Mch n thch bn tan mt.
Mch Ph ph nh dng canh tro.
Mch Gii sch mch i tn lon.
By mch ny t ti nhn tin.
Nhm mch l (Qui mch) ny, c biu hin khc thng, hay gp ni nhng ngi bnh
c biu hin sp cht, v th cn c gi l Mch cht (T mch).
Cc mch trn y (Tht qui hoc Thp qui mch), theo kinh nghim ca ngi xa u l
cc mch cht (t mch) tuy nhin hin nay, vi s pht trin ca y hc v khoa hc k thut
hin i, vi nhng trang thit b cp cu tt, phi hp thm s kt hp ng - Ty y, nu
c tch cc cu cha ng mc, c th lt c qua mt s bnh him ngho ( d
v ang gp cc loi mch t trn), v vy, khng nn cho rng gp nhng loi mch trn l
chc chn phi cht ri khng tch cc lo cu cha cho ngi bnh, dn n din bin xu.
MCH PHN QUAN

C ngi, khng tm thy mch b v thn khu nh bnh thng m li thy mch phn
trn nh ca b sau xng quay (ngang huyt Lit khuyt) i dc xung vng lm h lo
( huyt Dng kh), gi l mch PHN QUAN. Gp loi mch ny, khi chn mch, phi t
bn tay sp xung mi bt c mch. Loi mch ny c th do bm sinh hoc do b chn
thng gy ra...
MCH VI K KINH BT MCH
Theo sch 'K kinh bt mch kho' ca L Thi Trn:
234

Mch tay tri i t b xch hi chch ln b thn v Trm l mch M DUY b bnh.
Biu hin: au trong tim ( mch m duy i vo phn m, ch v phn vinh, vinh l huyt,
huyt thuc v tm, v vy au trong tim ).
Mch tay bn phi i t b xch hi chch ln b thn v Ph l mch DNG DUY b
bnh.
Biu hin: thy nng, rt (lnh), ( mch Dng duy i vo phn dng, ch v phn v, v l
kh, kh biu v vy thy nng lnh ).
Mch b xch thy lc th co vo, lc dui ra v c v Trm T l mch M KIU b bnh.
Biu hin: dng kh khng m m kh vng, thng hay bun ng, pha ngoi bp
chn d chu m pha trong cng thng ( theo Nan th 29: dng hon m m cp).
Mch 2 b thn thy lc th co vo, lc dui ra v c v Khn T l mch DNG KIU b
bnh.
Biu hin: m kh suy m dng kh thnh sinh ra khng ng c, pha trong bp chn th
d chu nhng bn ngoi th li cng thng ( Nan th 29 (Nan kinh): m hon m dng cp).
Mch 2 b quan thy lc th co vo lc dui ra m c v Hot Khn l mch I b bnh.
Biu hin: bng y trng, eo lng au t, n lnh nh ngi trong nc, ph n th bng
di au, kinh nguyt khng u, xch bch i.
6 b mch 2 tay nh m u i Huyn Trng l mch C b bnh.
Biu hin: Sng lng cng, khng th ci nga c, un vn.
6 b mch 2 tay i Khn T m Trng, n k li thy i nh ht chu chy lin tip l
mch NHM b bnh.
Biu hin: n ng th b chng sn kh, n b th b xch bch i hoc tch t bng di
(trng h).
6 b mch 2 tay phi n tht mnh mi thy i Huyn Trng l mch XUNG b bnh.
Biu hin: kh t bng di xng ln, bng trng, au.

235

MCH PH N
cho vic xem mch ca ph n c d dng khi tham kho, nghin cu, cc nh mch
hc, da vo sinh l hc ca ngi n, chia ra tng thi k: kinh nguyt, c thai, sau khi
sinh...
I- THI K KINH NGUYT
a/ - Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Ph n mch 2 b quan v
xch bn tri bng nhin thy mch Hng i hn bn phi, ming khng ng, c
th khng st, bng khng trng l sp sa hnh kinh, mch 2 b thn v quan
u ha m mch b xch khng n, phn nhiu l kinh nguyt khng thng".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Mch b thn v quan bnh thng m mch b xch
tuyt hoc khng tuyt m Nhc, Tiu th kinh nguyt khng thng. Mch 3 b Trm Hon
l h b h nhc th hn l kinh nguyt thng qu nhiu. Mch H Vi m khng c m
hi th 2 thng mi hnh kinh 1 ln. Mch c 3 b u Ph hoc Trm m trong khi Ph hoc
Trm i khi li ngng hoc mch b thn v quan Vi Sp, mch b xch Vi Tr l mch
3 thng mi hnh kinh 1 ln. Mch 3 b thy H Vi th kinh nguyt khng thng".
b/ KINH B
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' ghi: "Mch b xch m Vi, Sc l chng b kinh
do h (h b), mch b xch m Hot l chng b kinh do thc (thc b)".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Tam tiu v m thy mch Trm, Tm v Thn thy
mch T l kinh nguyt khng thng, huyt ngng li lm cho kinh khng vn hnh".
- Sch 'Gin minh trung y ph khoa hc' cn phn r: Kinh b b do:
Huyt kh : mch H T.
Huyt : mch Trm Kt m Sc.
Hn ngng : mch Trm Tr hoc Khn.
236

Nhit : mch Huyn T Sc.

Nhit ut : mch H T Sc hoc H Huyn.
m ngn : mch Huyn Hot.
Kh ut : mch Huyn Sc.
T H : mch H Tr.
II- MCH THAI
- Thin 'Bnh nhn kh tng lun' (T vn 18) ghi: "Th Thiu m ( t thn) mch ng nhiu
l c thai".
- Thin 'm dng bin lun' (T vn 7) ghi: "m mch hin di tay mnh hn dng mch
l c thai".
- Thin 'Phc trung lun' (T vn 40) ghi: "Ngi c bnh m khng c t mch" l du hiu
c thai.
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' gii thch cc on vn ca sch 'Ni kinh T
Vn' nh sau: "Cc kinh vn nu trn ni ln im ch yu v mch c thai. "Ngi (c
th) c bnh m khng c t mch" tc l ni c th tuy c chng trng phn nh m mch
3 b Trm, i, Tiu u bnh thng, khng c hin tng Huyn, Khu, Sc, l du hiu
c thai. "Th Thiu m mch ng nhiu" l ni khi kinh nguyt mi ngng, thy b thn
bn tri mch Hot ng, l huyt mun t li dng thai. V Tm ch huyt, m thng
trm mch cho nn mch ng cng thy b thn bn tri. "m bc dng bit" l ni
mch b xch thuc m, do Thn lm ch v bo thai thuc Thn, thai kh kch ng, cho nn
mch 2 b xch thy mch Hot v Sc di tay khc vi dng mch b thn, tc l c
thai".
- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' ghi: "Phm n b c thai, huyt kh lu t, trong t cung dy
c, cho nn mch tt nhin thy Hot Sc bi thng, l l ng nhin. Nhng nhng
ngi ng tui v nhng ngi kh huyt h nhc m th thai th cng c khi thy
mch T, Tiu m khng h thy Sc. Nhng trong ch Vi, Nhc, T, Tiu hn phi c
thp thong hnh tng mch Hot Sc... nh vy tc l c thai, phi nn phn bit cho r.
Li nh c thai m mch Sc, bnh lao tn cng thy mch Sc, rt c th ging nhau,
nhng mch Sc ca chng lao tn thng kim Huyn Sc, cn mch Sc ca ngi c
thai thng kim ha hon. Xem mch ny phi phn bit ci khc nhau : 1 ng l t kh
th c km Huyn Sc, 1 ng l v kh th km ha hon. Li xt k chng trng na s thy
r ngay".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Xem mch ph n khi mi c thai: mch b thn Vi,
Tiu m ng ch, cn 2 b quan v xch, ph n hay trm n u bnh (ngang bng nhau) m
n mnh tay xung mch vn cn i, khng tuyt (mt mch). Mch y, nu tt kinh m
khng c bnh g khc ngoi trng thi thai nghn th hn l c thai".
237

Nh vy mch b thn Vi Tiu: kh suy, b quan b xch mch bnh bnh khng tuyt, huyt
vng. Kh suy, huyt vng l du hiu c thai.
Tuy sch dy xem mch mi bit c thai m t r rng nh vy nhng khi thc hnh mi bit
rng xem mch khi thai khong 1 - 2 thng rt kh m xc nh cho ng c".
- Mch thai 3 thng, ch trng vo 2 b mch : b thn bn tri (Tm) v b xch tri (Thn)
v Tm ch huyt cn Thn ch bo thai.
C hai b mch ny u mnh l hin tng m mch m c dng mch, nh thin 'm
dng bit lun' (T vn 7) ghi: "m mch hin di tay mnh hn dng mch l c
thai. m mch m c dng mch tc l huyt vng m kh suy l hin tng c thai".
- Thai c 4 thng mch phn nhiu thy Hot, Tt, i v Thc.
- Thai 5 thng: n nng tay xem mch thy vn i mau m khng Tn ( tt nhi bt
tn).
- Thai 6 - 7 thng: mch thy Thc, Huyn, Khn l tt. Ngc li, thy mch Trm
T Sp th coi chng b h thai.
- Thai 7 - 8 thng: mch Thc, i, Huyn, Trng l tt. Mch Trm T th xu.
- Sch 'Gin minh trung y ph khoa hc' nu ra:
+ Mch c thai:
Mch b xch vng m Hot.
Mch b thn bn tri ng nhiu.
Mch i lin khng t hoc b xch i Sc.
Mch b Tm (t thn) vng, mch Mnh mn (hu xch) cng v hot li.
Mch 2 bn huyt Thi dng (trn) v Nhn nghinh (c) nhanh, mnh.
+ Mch thai my thng:
Mch b quan:
. ng 1 ci, ngng 1 ci: thai 1 thng.
. ng 2 ci, ngng 2 ci: thai 2 thng.
. ng 2 ci, ngng 3 ci: thai 3 thng.
238

Cn c theo s ng v ngng ca b quan m tnh s bit thai my thng...

Tuy nhin, nn cn c phi hp thm vi cc chng trng khc quyt on cho
khi lm.
MCH THAI NAM HOC N
- Sch 'Cnh Nhc ton th' da theo dch l, nu ra:
Qu KHM () gia y, li c hnh ch Nht l qu 'Thin Nht thuc Dng'. Thai
mch Trm Thc, trong Trm Thc c 'trung mn' l thai NAM ( con trai).
Qu LY () gia trng rng, li c hnh ch Nh l qu 'a Nh thuc m'. Thai mch Ph
H, trong Ph H c 'trung h' l mch thai N (con gi).
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Mun xem mch bit thai trai hoc gi, phi xem t
thng th t tr i v n thng th t, hnh th kh cht ca a tr mi hin ra mch.
Thai NAM
+ Tay Tri:

Thai N
+ Tay Phi:

. Hot, Thc, Tt, i.

. Hot, Tt, Thc, i.

. Ph i.

. Ph i.

. Trm Thc.

. Trm Thc.

. B thn Ph i.

. B thn Trm Thc.

. B xch Tri ln hn Phi. . B xch Phi ln hn Tri.

C 2 tay tri v phi u Trm Thc: sinh 2 nam.
C 2 tay tri v phi u Ph i: sinh 2 n.
MCH THAI SNG HOC CHT
- Sch 'Mch kinh' ghi: "Thn khu mch Hng m Sc. Hng l kh, Sc l huyt. Kh ng
an in th thai sng. Sc: thai lnh nh bng ( cht). C dng kh th thai sng, m kh
th thai cht. Mun phn bit m dng th di tt ngng ng. Gi s dng ht, du
hiu thai cht".
- Sch 'Trung y chn on hc ging ngha' gii thch r hn: "Ni dng ht l du hiu thai
cht l ni c thai tt dng kh ng an in, mch thy Trm Hng mi c th n
dng c thai. Nu mch Sc xut hin b v trm (n nng tay mi thy) l tinh huyt
b suy km tt s nh hng n thai. V vy, trng n vn thy mch cng mi c dng
239

kh m thai sng, nu b v trm th thy dng kh suy kit th thai cht hoc l c hn
khi".
MCH SP SINH (LM SN)
- Sch 'Ch bnh nguyn hu lun' ghi: "Ph n c thai thy mch b xch nhy gp, tn
lon tc l sp sinh ()".
- Sch 'Y tng tt c' ghi: "2 bn t u ca ngn tay gia ca sn ph, nu khng phi
sp sinh th khng c mch, ng cho rng sp sinh. Nu ch y c mch nhy ng, bng
au ran ti eo lng, au tng cn d di, 2 mt ny om m th ng l sp sinh".
- Sch 'Hong hn y hc' ghi: "Xt mch ly kinh, ng i ng Ph ni rng: Chn mch thy
mch b xch chuyn ng gp nh ci dy lc ang b ct, nh ht ngc lc ang ln,
l mch sp sinh. Th nghim ni nhng ngi c thai, mi khi n lc sinh, lc nc i v
ra, cch chung, mt hi th mch trung bnh 7 - 8 ln n, n lc sp sinh xong, mch chy
chm dn. Th nghim vi chc ngi u nh th... Tng truyn mch n b sp sinh
gi l ly kinh, song xem nh sch 'Nan kinh' bo rng: ngha mch ly kinh l 1 hi th ra
mch n 1 ln, nh vy th li ging nh khc hn vi cu tng truyn. Ti thng xt
nhng ngi n b sp sinh m mch trng ging nh mch ly kinh ny th trong s vi
nghn ngi, ngu nhin tm c mt hai ngi m thi. Phm ngi no sinh n rt d th
mch trng sau khi v nc i, hoc tay phi, tay tri hoc c hai tay tt thy mch Trm T
m Hot. Lc ang rn sinh, mch thn khu u la hn m i vo u ngn tay. n lc
sinh xong th li tr v ch c. C l da vo m ni l mch ly kinh chng?".
- Sch 'nh Ninh ti hc mch' ghi: "Mch thai lc chuyn bng sp sinh nh th no mch
c cng 'Ly kinh'. Nh vy h thy mch ly kinh bit rng sp sinh".

MCH THI T -
y l mt phng php xem mch rt c bit.

240

Mch Thi t c t lc no, cha thy c ti liu no nu r, nhng sch vit v mch Thi t
lu truyn rt lu ti Trung quc.
Theo sch 'K tr bin' th ng T cu k thut chn mach Thai T l 1 bc n s tuyt th
kinh lun i nh ng tn l ng Uy.
Nhng, Trng Thai T , hc tr cu ng Uy mi l ngi em nhng g thy day ra thc
hnh. Ngi i nh cng c cu Trng Thai T cho nn ly tn ng t cho tn sch ,
truyn tng mai cho n ngay nay.
Trng Thi T vit li phng php ny trong sch ' Thi t mch b quyt' gm 2
quyn.
- Quyn thng gm 59 chng, ch yu ni v m dng Ng Hnh, Thi cc H lc
th, Ng vn lc kh, chn mch b php.
- Quyn h gm 43 chng, ch yu ni v php xem mch on nhn sinh.
C thuyt cho rng sch mch Tha T l do Dng Thng vit . Dng Thng l ngi
rt gii v mch Thai T, sau Dng Thng l Tng Chinh, Dng Quang. H u l
nhng bc cao minh xem mch m c th bit c sng th hay cht non , giu sang ph
qu hay sut i lm than kh a, qun t hay tiu nhn
Mch Thi T l mt mn kh c sc: dng mch tng coi vn mnh con ngi. Tuy
ni l dng mch tng coi nhng trong ngm ngm c hnh sc kh. S chuyn bin
ca mt ngi s chuyn bin trong mch tng trc, sau mi n kh sc l ra bn
ngoi. Da trn sc kh l ra bn ngoi cn c th lm v do nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau
m cng c th thy sc hin hin ra ngoi ging nhau. Mch tng chnh xc hn. D nhin
khng tuyt i.
Xem mch Thi T on vn mnh cng nh xem mch chn bnh vy. Phi y vng,
vn, vn, thit.
S d mn Mch Thi t ny t ngi bit l v phi rnh r c 2 phng din: y l v tng
l.
241

Cc sch Thi T lu hnh trong nhn gian n nay cng c kh nhiu bn, phn ln l man
th, c cc thut s thm tht vo vi mc dch bi ton, khin cho thut ny tr nn k b.
n i ng cc Thi y mi kho cu v nh chnh li, b i nhng ch thm tht, tr li
nguyn gc Thi T mch. Phn nh chnh ghi chp y, c lu truyn li i sau. Hin
nay, nu thc s l cc danh y chn chnh, th u phi tho php xem mch ny. m
ng k vi Thi, Vn, Thin a Nhn m cha tr. Cha bnh cu ngi cng phi ty
mnh.
Mch Thi T dung hp c mch l ca Trung Y v cc yu t vn ha m dng ng hnh,
H , Lc Th, ri dng tiu chun gi tr ca tng l i chiu, pht huy t r c trng
ha trn vo nhiu thnh phn vn ha. V loi tng thut ny ly tn chnh l chun mch
ca Trung Y nn cng d thu ht mi ngi, khin mi ngi tin tng, tng lu hnh
rng ri trong thi Minh v ni danh l khng sai bao gi
Bn v mch Thi t, Nguyn Vn Minh, trong ' Phng php xem mch ng phng' nhn
nh nh sau: "Bn v sch mch Thi T, chng nhng xem mch m bit c bnh c,
li cn c th bit c k tt ngi xu, bit c k d, ngi lnh, bit c ngi
sng lu hay cht non, bit c thnh suy, b thi. Xem mch cn c th bit c cha, xem
mch cha c th bit c ngi con, xem mch chng c th bit c ngi v, xem
mch ngi v c th bit c ngi chng, tht l v cng k diu, ai dm ni chc
rng c rng khng, ai bit c rng hay hoc d. Vic g i cng mi phn bit
u rng ng c nh mi?" .
Theo nh li gii thiu ca sch 'Phng php xem mch ng phng' th mch thi t qu
l c nhng iu rt hay. Tuy nhin s ngi phn i cng khng t.
Quyn 'Sch dy xem mch' ca Nguyn An C vit: "C nh thin kin ca bin gi th
nhng phng php ton l ci thut huyn b khng th ct ngha xem mch cng l mt
mn khoa hc, khng th dng c nhng l huyn b, th th nhng iu ca sch Thi t
pht minh hoc l nhng li hoang ng, khng ng s tht".
Vin nghin cu Han Nm Vit Nam co lu tr 1 quyn Thi T Mach Quyt , 1 bn
vit, 121 tr., 15 x 27, 1 tiu dn, c ch Nm.
Ni dung co: Cc bi th, ph, lun ni v cch xem mch ca Trng Thi T (Minh,
Trung Quc): mch trn cc b phn ca c th, mch tr em, mch ph n, tnh trng mch
tt, xu, c bnh (tr. 94 - 121): cch chng u mi, tc ly m u tru chng u.
C hnh v dng c dng chng u v v tr chng trn tay ngi. Bi th Nm ni v
bnh u ma v cc bi thuc iu tr.
Hin nay, cc sch gio khoa v mch ca Trung quc khng thy cp n mch Thi t,
ch c nhng sch bin kho ring v loi mch ny mi cp n, v vy, trong ti liu
ny, chng ti cng khng a loi mch thi t vo y, qu c gi c th tham kho
nhng ti liu vit chuyn su v loi mch ny

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 tm kt thc v mch, xin ghi li y cu chuyn k v mch : "Cch y gn mt ngn

nm, mt thy thuc gii ca nc Tagjikistan tn l Avisena c mi n cha bnh cho
chu ni ca nh vua min Trung . ng m mch v yu cu ngi bnh k tn tng dy
ng ph ti ni ngi bnh ang , Avisena thy rng mch thay i t ngt khi
ngi bnh ni n tn mt ng ph n. ng yu cu ngi bnh ni ln tng ngi nh
trong dy ph , mch ngi bnh li thay i ln th 2 khi nhc n tn 1 ngi nh nm
gn trung tm dy ph ny. Bng phng php ny, Avisena tm ra tn ngi con gi m
chu nh vua yu thng vi kt lun : Cu ta b bnh tng t lm cho bnh nng. Avisena
thuyt phc thn nhn 2 gia nh cho php 2 ngi thnh v chng. V sau khi 2 gia nh
ng , chu ni nh vua hon ton khi bnh".
Cu truyn trn tuy xa xa ri nhng ni ln tm quan trng ca vic p dng mch l vo
chn on v iu tr. Do cn o su hn na v mch l hc gip cho vic chn
on v iu tr t c kt qu tt. ng thi, tha k tt di sn c o ca nn YHCT
m cha ng ta li.

TI LIU THAM KHO

Cnh Nhc ton th
Chn gia khu yu
Chn tng tam mui
Ch gii Thng hn lun
an Kh mch php
Gip t kinh
Hong Ni kinh T vn thch
vn
Hong Ni kinh Linh Khu tp
243

Trng Gii Tn
Hot Th
Trng ng
Thnh V K
Chu an Kh
Hong Ph Mt
Vng Bng
Trng n Am

ch
Hong hn y hc
Kim qu yu lc
Kim qu yu lc tm in
Lm chng y n
Mch gim
Mch hc ging ngha
Mch kinh
Mch ngha gin ma
Mch ng
Mch quyt
Mch quyt chnh ngha
Mch quyt c yu
Mch quyt san ng
Mch tng thng loi
Nan kinh bn ngha
Nan kinh kinh thch
Ngoi khoa tinh ngha
n dch lun
Tn bin Trung y hc khi yu
Tn H mch hc
Thin kim yu phng
Thng hn lun
Thng hn lun ch
Thng hn lun tp ch
Ton quc doanh y nghim n loi
bin
Ton sinh ch m
Trung y bin chng lun tr ging
ngha
Trung y chn on hc
Trung y chn on hc ging
ngha
Trung y mch chn hc
Trung y hc c s
Trung y hc khi lun
T chn php
T chn quyt vi
Vng th y n
Vng Thc Ha mch quyt
yu tc gii
Y bin
Y hc nhp mn
Y thut
244

Thang Bn Cu Chn
Trng Trng Cnh
Vu Ti Kinh
Dip Thin S
L Trung T
Thng Hi 1973
Vng Thc Ha
Chu Trung
Ng Cn
Thi Gia Nhn
M Th
Lu Nguyn Tn
Ung Thch Sn
Trm Kim Ngao
Hot Th
T Linh Thai
T c Chi
Ng Hu Kh
Bc Kinh 1973
L Thi Trn
Tn T Mo
Trng Trng Cnh
Kha Vn B
Trng n Am
H Lim Thn
Vng S Hanh
Qung ng 1976
Nhn Dn V Sinh
1995
Qung Chu 1963
Thin Tn 2001
Bc Kinh 1974
Nam Kinh 1962
Trng Tam ch
Phan Thc Ph
Vng Mnh Anh
Hng Tn Lp
H Ty Tr
L Din
Trnh Quan Tuyn

SCH TING VIT

Cm nang mch hc
nh Ninh ti hc mch
ng y lc kho
Mch l phng dc
Phng php xem mch ng
phng
Sch dy xem mch
Trung y chn on hc giang
ngha (bn dch)
Y gia quan min

Nguyn Khc Nhn

L c Thip
nh Tun
Nguyn Hu Khai
Nguyn Vn Minh
Nguyn An C
Nguyn thanh Gin
L Hu Trc

SCH TING ANH

Classic of pulse...................................................... Hong Kong 1961
Selections from pulse examination....................... Hong Kong 1970
The web that has no weaver................................... Ted J. Kaptchuk
SCH TING PHP
Pathogeni et pathologie en ergetiques en medecine
chinoise........................................... Nguyn Vn Ngh
Trait de medecine chinoise.................... Chamffrault

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