BI TON V HNH THANG (LP 8).

A. Cc bi ton v d.
Bi 1. Cho t gic ABCD. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB, CD. Bit
AD BC
MN
. Chng minh t gic ABCD l hnh thang.
2
Gii.

Gi P l im sao cho N l trung im AP.

Khi ADN PCN c g c AD CP
Do

MN

AD BC CP BC

2
2

M MN l ng trung bnh ca tam gic ABP nn MN

BP
2

So snh ta c BP BC CP , iu ny xy ra khi v chi khi B, C, P thng hng.

M

NPC
(do ADN PCN ) nn BC//AD hay ABCD l hnh thang.
NAD

Bi 2. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. T H v ng thng d1

vung gc vi AB ti M , ng thng d 2 vung gc vi AC ti N . Trn d1 ly P
sao cho HM = PM, trn d 2 ly Q sao cho HN = QN.
a) Chng minh t gic BPQC l hnh thang.
CQP
1800 . Chng minh BPQC l hnh thang cn.
b) Nu PBC
Gii.
V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

 QAN

Ta c AHN AQN c g c HAN

PAM

APM AHM c g c HAM

QAN
NAH
HAM
MAP
2
2.900 1800
Do QAP
NAH HAM

Suy ra Q, A, P thng hng.

CQN

Ta c CHN CQN c g c CHN

CQN

900 CQ PQ
Do CQA
AQN
AHN HNC
Tng t BP PQ
Vy ta c CQPB l hnh thang.

CQP
1800 PBC
BCQ
CQPB l hnh thang cn.
b) PBC
Bi 3. Cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti A, D c DC = 2AB = BC. Tnh
ABC

Gii.
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Gi H l chn ng vung gc ca B ln DC.

BHD
900 ,
(so le
Ta c ABD HDB (v BD chung, BAD
ABD HDB
trong)) AB DH
M DC 2 AB 2 DH H l trung im DC BD l trung trc ca DC
600
BD BC DC BAC u DBC

600 (so le trong)

Hn na
ABD BDC
Vy
ABC 1200
Bi 4. Cho tam gic ABC u, M l mt im nm trong tam gic. Chng t rng
di ca ba on MA, MB, MC l di ca 3 cnh mt tam gic.
Gii.

V MD // BC (D thuc AB), ME // CA (E thuc BC), MF // AB (F thuc CA).

V MD//BC nn BDME l hnh thang

MEB
(cng bng 600 )

Hn na MEB
ACB 600 (so le trong) nn DBE
Nn BDME l hnh thang cn MB DE .
Tng t th MA DF , MC FE
Do di MA, MB, MC l di 3 cnh ca tam gic DEF.
B. Bi tp

V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

Bi 1. Cho t gic ABCD c AB = BC v AC l tia phn gic ca gc A. Chng

minh ABCD l hnh thang.
200 ; B
2C
. Tnh cc gc
Bi 2. Cho hnh thang ABCD (AB // CD) c
A D
ca hnh thang.

C
600 ; D
4 A . Tnh cc gc
Bi 3. Cho hnh thang ABCD (AB // CD) c B
5
ca hnh thang ABCD.
900 , AB 11cm, AD 12cm, BC 13cm .
Bi 4. Cho hnh thang ABCD c
AD
Tnh di AC.

Bi 5. Cho hnh thang ABCD (AB // CD) c E l trung im ca BC,

AED 900 .
Chng minh rng DE l tia phn gic ca gc D.
Bi 6. Cho hnh thang ABCD, y AB 40cm, CD 80cm , cnh BC 50cm,

AD 30cm . Chng minh ABCD l hnh thang vung.

900 ; AB 2 AD 2CD . K CH vung
Bi 7. Cho hnh thang ABCD c
AD

gc AB.

a) Tnh s o cc gc ca hnh thang ABCD.

b)Chng minh tam gic ABC vung cn.

c) Tnh chu vi hnh thang nu AB 6cm
d) Gi O l giao im ca AC v DH, O l giao im ca DB v CH.
Chng minh AB 4OO ' .
Bi 8. Cho t gic ABCD trong CD AB . Gi E, F ln lt l trung im ca
CD AB
BD v AC. Chng minh rng nu ABCD l hnh thang th EF
2
Bi 9. Cho hnh thang ABCD (AB // CD), tia phn gic ca gc C i qua trung
im M ca cnh bn AD. Chng minh rng:

900
a) BMC
b) BC AB CD
Bi 10. Cho tam gic ABC c cc trung tuyn BD v CE. Trn cnh BC ly cc
im M, N sao cho BM = MN = NC. Gi I l giao im ca AM v BD, K l giao
im ca AN v CE. Chng minh:
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a) BCDE l hnh thang.

b) K l trung im ca EC.
c) BC = 4.IK
Bi 11. Cho tam gic ABC, ng thng d i qua A khng ct cc cnh ca tam
gic ABC. Gi D v E ln lt l hnh chiu ca B v C ln ng thng d. Gi M
l trung im ca cnh BC. Chng minh MD = ME.
Bi 12. Cho hnh thang cn ABCD (AB // CD, AB < CD), O l giao im ca AC
v BD, I l giao im ca AD v BC.
a) Chng minh OA = OB, OC = OD.
b) Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CD. Chng minh I, M, O,
N thng hng
Bi 13. Cho tam gic u ABC. M l im nm trong tam gic ABC. ng thng
qua M song song vi AC ct BC ti D, ng thng qua M song song BC ct AC
ti F.
a) Chng minh cc t gic BEMD, AFME, DMFC l cc hnh thang cn.
b) di cc on thng MA, MB, MC bng di ba cnh ca mt tam gic
no .
Bi 14. Cho hnh thang ABCD ( AB // CD). Gi O l giao im ca AC v BC.

D
, chng minh AC > BD.
a) Cho C
b) Tm iu kin ca hnh thang ABCD c OC = OD.
Bi 15. Hnh thang cn ABCD (AB // CD) c ng cho BD chia hnh thang
thnh hai tam gic cn: tam gic ABD cn ti A v tam gic BCD cn ti D. Tnh
cc gc ca hnh thang .
Bi 16. Trn on thng AB ly mt im M (MA > MB). Trn cng mt na mt
phng c b AB, v cc tam gic u AMC, BMD. Gi E, F, I, K theo th t l
trung im ca CM, CB, DM, DA. Chng minh EFIK l hnh thang cn v
1
KF CD
2
Mt s bi tp nng cao.

V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

Bi 17. Cho tam gic ABC c ba gc nhn, cc ng cao BH, CK. Gi D, E ln

lt l hnh chiu ca B v C ln ng thng HK. Gi M l trung im ca BC.
Chng minh:
a) Tam gic MKH cn
b) DK = HE
Bi 18. Cho tam gic ABC, AM l trung tuyn. V ng thng d qua trung im I
ca AM ct cc cnh AB, AC. Gi A, B, C theo th t l hnh chiu ca A, B, C
ln d. Chng minh BB + CC = 2AA.
Bi 19. Cho hnh thang ABCD (AB // CD). Gi E, F, K ln lt l trung im ca
BD, AC, DC. Gi H l giao im ca ng thng qua E vung gc vi AD v
ng thng qua F vung gc BC. Chng minh:
a) H l trc tm tam gic EFK.
b) Tam gic HCD cn.
Bi 20. Cho tam gic ABC u. Trn tia i ca tia AB ly im D, trn tia i ca
tia AC ly im F sao cho AD = AE. Gi M, N, P, Q theo th t l trung im ca
cc on BE, AD, AC, AB. Chng minh:
a) T gic BCDE l hnh thang cn.
b) T gic CNEQ l hnh thang.
c) Trn tia i ca tia MN ly N sao cho NM = MN. Chng minh BN vung
gc BD v EB = 2MN.
Bi 21. Cho hnh thang cn ABCD ( AB // CD; AD = BC), c y nh AB. di
ng cao BH bng di ng trung bnh MN ( M thuc AD, N thuc BC) ca
hnh thang ABCD. V BE // AC ( E thuc DC).
DE
2
b) Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD, chng minh tam gic OAB cn.
c) Tam gic DBE vung cn.
a) Chng minh MN

Bi 22. Cho t gic ABCD c AD = BC. ng thng qua trung im M v N ca

hai cnh AB v CD ct AD v BC ln lt ti E, F. Chng minh

AEM MFB

V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK