Ch bin mt ong bng siu m

Mt ong c nhu cu ln nh thc phm v y hc. Siu m x l

l mt phng tin hiu qu tiu dit thnh phn khng
mong mun, chng hn nh tinh th v nm men cc t bo
trong mt ong. L mt cng ngh ch bin nhit, n gy ra
tng HMF thp v duy tr tt hn ca diastase, mi hng v
hng v.

Nn

Mt ong l nht cao sn phm c trng hng v v hng thm, mu sc

v kt cu.
Mt ong bao gm ng, fructose, nc, maltose, triaccharides v khc
carbohydrates, sucrose, khong cht, protein, vitamin v enzyme, nm men
v cc vi sinh vt chu nhit v mt lng nh cc axit hu c)Xem biu
bn phi). Mc cao ca Tetracycline, hp cht phenolic v hydrogen
peroxide trong mt ong cho l tnh cht khng khun.
Enzyme
Mt ong c cha tinh bt tiu ha enzym. Enzyme rt nhy cm vi
nhit v do phc v nh l mt ch s mt ong cht lng v mc
x
l
nhit.
Enzyme
chnh
bao
gm invertaza (glucosidase), diastase (-amylase) v glucose oxidase. y l nhng
cht dinh dng quan trng enzyme. Diastase hydrolyses carbohydrate cho d
dng tiu ha. Invertaza hydrolyses Sucroza v maltose glucoza v fructoza.
Glucose oxidase glucose catalyses mu axt gluconic v hydrogen peroxide. Mt
ong cng cha catalase v axit phosphatase. Hot ng ca enzyme thng
c o bng diastase hot ng v c th hin trong mt diastase s
(DN). Mt ong tiu chun ch nh mt DN ti thiu 8 trong ch bin mt ong.
Nm men v vi sinh vt
Chit xut mt ong c cha vt liu khng mong mun, chng hn nhnm
men (ni chung osmophillic tui, Phng chu ng) v khc vi sinh vt
chu nhit. H c trch nhim cho cc h hng mt ong trong lu tr. Mt
s nm men cao dn n mt nhanh chng ln men mt ong. Tc ln men
mt ong cng l tng quan n nc/m. Mt ni dung m ca 17% c
coi l mt mc an ton cho lc nm men hot ng. Mt khc, c
hi kt tinh tng vi gim m. Mt s nm men 500cfu/ml hoc t hn c
coi l mt mc chp nhn c v mt thng mi.
Kt tinh / ht

Mt ong t nhin kt tinh v n l mt supersaturated ng gii

php, vi nhiu hn mt ni dung 70% ng so vi hm lng nc khong
18%. Cc ng mt cch t nhin kt ta ra khi nh nc
supersaturated, thng qua mt nc nh n tr thnh mt nh nc n nh hn
bo ha ca glucose monohydrat. iu ny dn n s hnh thnh ca hai giai
on mt giai on cht lng trn u trang v mt hnh thc tinh th vng
chc hn di y. Cc tinh th to thnh mt li, m immobilizes cc thnh
phn khc ca mt ong trong nh ch, v th to ra mt pho bang)Hi ng
quc gia mt ong, nm 2007). Kt tinh hoc ht l khng mong mun v n l
mt Cc vn nghim trng trong ch binv tip th ca mt ong.
Ngoi ra, kt tinh gii hn dng chy ca mt ong cha qua ch bin ra khi
container lu tr.

Heat-Treatment
Sau khi khai thc, lc v mt ong tri qua iu tr nhit gim m v
tiu dit nm men. Nhit gip liquefy tinh th trong mt ong. Mc d,
heat-treatment c th c hiu qu gim m gim, lm gim s chm tr kt
tinh v tiu dit t bo nm men hon ton, n thc hin cng dn n s
suy gim sn phm. H thng si tng mc ca
hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) ng k. Mc ti a cho php theo lut
nh HMF l 40mg/kg. Hn na, H thng si lm gim enzym (v d
nh diastase) hot ng v nh hng n cht lng gic v lm
gim th trng mt ong. X l nhit darkens mt ong t nhin c mu ((ting
Vit)mu nu), qu. Trong h thng si c th trn 90C kt qu
trong caramelization ng. Heat-Treatment t ng ngn trong s tn ph
ca vi sinh vt chu nhit.
Do cc hn ch ca x l nhit, nghin cu nhng n lc tp trung vo
cc la chn thay th nhit, bc x vi sng, hng ngoi, H thng si, siu lc
v ultrasonication.

Ultrasonication mt ong

Ultrasonication l mt nhit x l thay th i vi nhiu cht lng thc

phm. Ca n c kh in ang c s dng cho mt nh nhng nhng hiu
qu vi khun ngng hot ng v gim kch thc ht. Khi mt ong c
tip xc vi ultrasonication, hu ht cc t bo nm men b ph hy. T
bo nm men tn ti sonication thng mt kh nng pht trin. iu ny lm
gim tc ca qu trnh ln men mt ong ng k.
Ultrasonication no cng loi b cc tinh th hin ti v c ch thm
kt tinh trong mt ong. Trong kha cnh ny, n l tng ng vi h thng

si mt ong. Ultrasonically aided ha lng c th lm vic ti ng k qu

trnh nhit thp c c ly khong 35C v c th gim thi gian ha
lng t hn 30 giy. Kai (2000) nghin cu ha lng bng siu m ca c
honeys (Brush hp, v cy th, Yapunyah v hp mu vng). Cc nghin cu
cho thy, rng sonication mt tn s 20kHz ha lng cc tinh th trong mt
ong, hon ton. Mu ultrasonically c iu tr li trong nh nc ha lng c
c ly khong 350 ngy ( 20% khi so snh vi x l nhit). Do cc ti thiu
nhit tip xc, siu m ha lng kt qu trong mt Cc lu tr ln hn
ca mi hng v hng v. Sonicated mu Hin th ch mt thp HMF
tng v mt thp gim diastase hot ng. Nh nng lng nhit t hn
l cn thit, ng dng ca siu m gip tit kim chi ph x l khi so snh vi
truyn thng si m v lm mt.
Cc Cc nghin cu ca Kai cng tit l, cc loi khc nhau ca mt ong yu
cu cng khc nhau v thi gian sonication. V l do ny, chng ti khuyn
bn nn vic tin hnh cc th nghim bng cch s dng mt h thng
sonication kch thc trn bng gh d b. Xt nghim s b nn c thc hin
trong ch hng lot, trong khi tip tc x l th nghim yu cu mt t bo
chy cho tun hon p lc hoc trong dng th nghim