Lap Trinh Dieu Khien PLC

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Yahoo mail: thanhlam1910_2006@yahoo.com
Gmail: frbwrthes@gmail.com
cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic
B mn t ng o Lng Khoa in
CHNG 3: NGN NG LP TRNH V NG DNG.

3.1.Gii thiu cc ngn ng lp trnh:
Lp trnh cho S7 200 v cc PLC khc ca hng Siemens da trn 3 phng php
c bn:
Phng php hnh thang (Ladder logic _ LAD).
Phng php khi hm (Function Block Diagram _ FBD).
Phng php lit k cu lnh (Statement List _ STL).
Chng ny s gii thiu cc thnh phn c bn ca ba phng php v cch s dng
chng trong lp trnh.
Nu chng trnh c vit theo ngn ng LAD (hoc FBD) th c th chyn sang ngn
ng STL hay FBD (hoc LAD) tng ng. Nhng khng phi bt c chng trnh vit
theo STL no cng chuyn sang ngn ng LAD hay FBD c. B tp lnh STL c
trnh by trong gio n ny u c mt chc nng nh cc tip im, cun dy, cc hp
(trong LAD) hay IC s trong FBD.
Nhng lnh ny phi phi hp c trng thi cc tip im quyt nh v gi
tr trng thi u ra hoc gi tr logic cho php hoc khng cho php thc chc nng ca
mt (hay nhiu) cun dy hoc hp. Trong lp trnh lgic thng hay s dng hai ngn
ng LAD v STL v n gn gi hn i vi chuyn ngnh in. Sau y l nhng nh
ngha cn phi nm khi bt tay vo thit k mt chng trnh:
1. nh ngha v LAD: LAD l ngn ng lp trnh bng ha. Nhnh thnh phn c
bn dng trong LAD tng ng vi nhng thnh phn c bn dng trong bng mch rle.
+ Tip im c hai loi: Thng ng
Thng h
+ Cun dy (coil):
( )
+ Hp (box): M t cc hm khc nhau, n lm vic khi c tn hiu a n hp.
C cc nhm hp sau: hp cc b nh thi, hp cc b m, hp di chuyn d
liu, hp cc hm ton hc, hp trong truyn thng mng...
+ Mng LAD: L mch ni cc phn t thnh mt mng hon thin, cc phn t
nh cun dy hoc cc hp phi c mc ng chiu. Ngun in c hai ng
chnh, mt ng bn tri th hin dy nng, mt ng bn phi l dy trung tnh
(neutral) nhng khng c th hin trn giao din lp trnh. Mt mach lm vic
c khi cc phn t c mc ng chiu v kn mch.
2. nh ngha v STL: L phng php th hin chng trnh di dng tp hp cc cu
lnh. to ra mt chng trnh bng STL, ngi lp trnh cn phi hiu r phng thc
s dng 9 bit trong ngn xp (stack) logic ca S7 200.
Ngn xp l mt khi 9 bit chng ln nhau t S0S8, nhng tt c cc thut ton
lin quan n ngn xp u lm vic vi bit u tin v bit th hai (S0 v S1) ca ngn
xp. gi tr logic mi c th c gi hoc ni thm vo ngn xp. Hai bit S0 v S1 phi
hp vi nhau th ngn xp c ko ln mt bit.
Ngn xp ca S7 200 (logic stack):
Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh
44
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
Stack0 bit u tin ca ngn xp.

Stack1 bit th hai ca ngn xp.
Stack2 bit th ba ca ngn xp.
Stack3 bit th t ca ngn xp.
Stack4 bit th nm ca ngn xp.
Stack5 bit th su ca ngn xp.
Stack6 bit th by ca ngn xp.
Stack7 bit th tm ca ngn xp.
Stack8 bit th chn ca ngn xp.
Hnh 3.3: M t ngn xp ca S7 200.

3.2.Vng qut (thc hin chng trnh) v cu trc ca mt chng trnh:
PLC thc hin chng trnh theo vng lp. Mi vng lp c gi l vng qut (scan).
Cc giai on ca vng qut:
Khi gp lnh vo/ra tc thi ngay lp tc h thng dng tt c mi cng vic khc,
ngay c chng trnh x l ngt thc hin chng trnh ny trc tip vi cng vo/ra.
Nu s dng cc ch ngt, chng trnh con tng ng vi tng tn hiu
ngt c son tho v ci t nh mt b phn ca chng trnh. Chng trnh x
l ngt ch c thc hin trong vng qut khi xut hin tn hiu bo ngt v c th
xy ra bt c thi im n trong vng qut.
45
3.3.Tp lnh S7-200:

Tp lnh ca S7-200 c chia lm 3 nhm:
1. Cc lnh m khi thc hin th lm vic c lp khng ph thuc vo gi tr logic
ca bit u tin trong ngn xp (gi l nhm lnh khng iu kin).
2. Cc lnh ch thc hin khi bit u tin trong ngn xp c gi tr bng 1 (gi l
nhm lnh c iu kin).
3. Cc nhn lnh nh du v tr trong tp lnh (gi l nhm lnh iu khin
chng trnh).
! Cc ngn ng s dng ch I (Immediately) ch ngha tc thi.
Cy lnh
Tp lnh Bit
Tp lnh can thip vo thi gian h thng
Tp lnh truyn thng
Tp lnh so snh
Tp lnh bin i
Tp cc b m
Tp lnh ton hc
Tp lnh ton hc
Tp lnh iu khin ngt

Tp lnh cc php tnh logic bin i
Tp lnh di chuyn d liu
Tp lnh iu khin chng trnh
Tp lnh thao tc vi thanh ghi (dch/quay vng thanh ghi)
Tp lnh lm vic vi chui
Tp lnh lm vic vi bng d liu
Tp cc b nh thi
Tp lnh gi chng trnh con v chng trnh ngt
Hnh 3.3: M t cy lnh vi SIMATIC S7-200.

46
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
Hnh 3.4: M t cy lnh bit.

2
2
Hnh 3.5: M t cy lnh can thip vo thi gian h thng.

2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.6: M t cy lnh truyn thng.
47
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
48
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Hnh 3.7: M t cy lnh so snh

49
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.8: M t cy lnh bin i.

2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.9: M t cy lnh cc b m.

2
2
2
Hnh 3.10: M t cy lnh cc b nh thi.
50
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.11: M t cy lnh iu khin ngt

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.12: M t cy lnh hc kiu Floating-Point.

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.13: M t cy lnh ton hc kiu Integer.
51
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.14: M t cy lnh php tnh logic bin i.

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.15: M t cy lnh di chuyn d liu.

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Hnh 3.16: M t cy lnh iu khin chng trnh.
52
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.17: M t cy lnh iu khin chng trnh.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.18: M t cy lnh lm vic vi chui.
53
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.19: M t cy lnh lm vic vi bng d liu.

! 1_Cc lnh khng iu kin.
2_Cc lnh c iu kin.
3_Cc lnh iu khin chng trnh.
3.4. C php v cch ng dng SIMATIC struction S7-200:
3.4.1. Ton hng v gii hn cho php:
Bng : Gii hn ton hng ca CPU S7-200 series CPU 22x.
54
3.4.2. SIMATIC Bit Logic instruction:

Bng : Standard contacts, Immediate contacts, Not, Positive_Negative transition.
STL
LAD
LD
bit
A
O
LDN
bit
AN
ON
LDI
bit
AI
OI
LDNI
bit
AIN
OIN
NOT
EU
NOT
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d liu
Data Types
Tip im thng m s c
ng khi bit = 1
bit: I, Q, M, V, SM,
T, C, S, L
Bool
Tip im thng ng s c
m khi bit = 1
T, C, S, L
Bool
Tip im thng m s ng tc
thi (khng ph thuc vo chu k
vng qut)
bit: I
Bool
Tip im thng ng s m tc
thi (khng ph thuc vo chu k
vng qut)
bit: I
Bool
o gi tr logic ca bit u tin

Khng
trong ngn xp
Bit u tin trong ngn xp c gi bit: I, Q, M, V, SM,
tr bng 1 (trong khong thi gian T, C, S, L
ng bng 1 chu k vng qut)
khi pht hin sn ln ca tn hiu
u vo.
Khng
Bool
55
ED
Bit u tin trong ngn xp c gi

tr bng 1 (trong khong thi gian
ng bng 1 chu k vng qut)
khi pht hin sn xung ca tn
hiu u vo.
T, C, S, L
Bool
Hnh 3.20: V d minh ho lnh LD, NOT, ED trong chng trnh LAD v STL.
1. SIMATIC Bit Logic Instructin:

STL
= bit
=I bit
bit, n
LAD
bit
bit
bit
S
n
M t
Description
Cun dy u ra trng thi ON
khi c dng in iu khin i
qua.
Cun dy u ra trng thi ON
tc thi (khng ph thuc vo
chu k vng qut) khi c dng
in iu khin i qua.
Ton hng
Operands
T, C, S, L
Set 1 mng gm n tip im,

tnh t tip im "bit" (n <=
128 tip im).
T, C, S, L
n: IB, QB, MB, VB, Bool
SMB, SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
Kiu d liu
Data Types
Bool
bit: Q
Bool
56
R bit, n
bit
Reset 1 mng gm n tip im,

tnh t tip im "bit" (n <=
128 tip im).
T, C, S, L
n: IB, QB, MB, VB,
SMB, SB, LB, AC,
Bool
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
Set tc thi 1 mng gm n tip

im, tnh t tip im "bit" (n
<= 128 tip im).
bit: Q
n: IB, QB, MB, VB,
SMB, SB, LB, AC,
Bool
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
Reset tc thi 1 mng gm n

tip im, tnh t tip im
"bit" (n <= 128 tip im).
bit: Q
n: IB, QB, MB, VB,
SMB, SB, LB, AC,
Bool
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
bit
SI
SI bit, n
bit
RI bit, n
RI
NOP
NOP
n
n
Lnh rng, khng hot ng n

ln.
n: 0 255
Byte
Hnh 3.21: V d minh ho lnh =, S, R trong chng trnh LAD v STL.
57
2. SIMATIC Copare Byte Instructions:

STL
LDB=
AB=
OB=
LAD
IN1
==B
IN2
LDB<>
AB<>
OB<>
IN1
<>B
IN2
LDB<
AB<
OB<
IN1
<B
IN2
LDB<=
AB<=
OB<=
IN1
<=B
IN2
LDB>
AB>
OB>
IN1
>B
IN2
LDB>=
AB>=
OB>=
IN1
>=B
IN2
LDW=
AW=
OW=
LDW<>
AW<>
OW<>
IN1
==I
IN2
IN1
<>I
IN2
M t
Description
COPARE BYTE
Lnh so snh gi tr ca hai byte
IN1 v IN2.
Trng thi tip im l ng khi
lnh so snh IN1= IN2 l ng.
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d liu
Data Types
IB, QB, MB,

VB, SMB, SB,
LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
Lnh so snh gi tr ca hai byte IB, QB, MB,
IN1 v IN2.
VB, SMB, SB,
Trng thi tip im l ng khi LB, AC,
lnh so snh IN1<> IN2 l ng. Constant, VD,
AC, LD
IN1 v IN2.
VB, SMB, SB,
lnh so snh IN1< IN2 l ng.
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
IN1 v IN2.
VB, SMB, SB,
lnh so snh IN1<= IN2 l ng. Constant, VD,
AC, LD
IN1 v IN2.
VB, SMB, SB,
lnh so snh IN1> IN2 l ng.
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
IN1 v IN2.
VB, SMB, SB,
lnh so snh IN1>= IN2 l ng. Constant, VD,
AC, LD
COPARE WORD (COPARE INTEGER)
Lnh so snh gi tr ca hai
IW, QW, MW, VW,
Word IN1 v IN2.
SMW, SW, LW,
Trng thi tip im l ng khi AC, Constant, VD,
lnh so snh IN1= IN2 l ng.
AC, LD
IW, QW, MW, VW,
Word IN1 v IN2.
SMW, SW, LW,
lnh so snh IN1<> IN2 l ng. AC, LD
Byte
Byte
Byte
Byte
Byte
Byte
Word
Word
58

LDW>
AW>
OW>
LDW>=
AW>=
OW>=
LDW<
AW<
OW<
LDW<=
AW<=
OW<=
IN1
>I
IN2
IN1
>=I
IN2
IN1
<I
IN2
IN1
<=I
IN2
LDDW=
ADW=
ODW=
LDDW<>
ADW<>
ODW<>
LDDW>
ADW>
ODW>
LDDW>=
ADW>=
ODW>=
LDDW<
ADW<
ODW<
LDDW<=
ADW<=
ODW<=
LDR=
IN1
==D
IN2
IN1
<>D
IN2
IN1
>D
IN2
IN1
>=D
IN2
IN1
<D
IN2
IN1
<D
IN2

Word IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1 > IN2 l ng.
IW, QW, MW, VW,

SMW, SW, LW,
AC, Constant, VD,
AC, LD
IW, QW, MW, VW,
Word IN1 v IN2.
SMW, SW, LW,
lnh so snh IN1 >= IN2 l ng. AC, LD
IW, QW, MW, VW,
Word IN1 v IN2.
SMW, SW, LW,
lnh so snh IN1 < IN2 l ng. AC, LD
IW, QW, MW, VW,
Word IN1 v IN2.
SMW, SW, LW,
lnh so snh IN1 <= IN2 l ng. AC, LD
COPARE DOUBLEWORD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
DoubleWord IN1 v IN2.
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Trng thi tip im l ng khi Constant, VD,
lnh so snh IN1 = IN2 l ng. AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
lnh so snh IN1 <> IN2 l ng. AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
lnh so snh IN1 > IN2 l ng. AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
lnh so snh IN1 >= IN2 l ng. AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
lnh so snh IN1 < IN2 l ng. AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
lnh so snh IN1 <= IN2 l ng. AC, LD
COPARE REAL
Lnh so snh gi tr ca hai s
ID, QD, MD, VD,
Word
Word
Word
Word
Double
Word
Double
Word
Double
Word
Double
Word
Double
Word
Double
Word
Real
59
AR=
OR=
LDR<>
AR<>
OR<>
LDR>
AR>
OR>
LDR>=
AR>=
OR>=
LDR<
AR<
OR<
LDR<=
AR<=
OR<=
IN1
==R
IN2
IN1
<>R
IN2
IN1
>R
IN2
IN1
>=R
IN2
thc IN1 v IN2.

lnh so snh IN1 = IN2 l ng.
thc IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1 <> IN2 l ng
thc IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1 > IN2 l ng
thc IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1 >= IN2 l ng
IN1
<R
IN2

thc IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1 < IN2 l ng
IN1
<=R
IN2

thc IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1 <= IN2 l ng
SMD, SD, LD, AC,

Constant, VD,
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
Real
Real
Real
Real
Real
Hnh 3.22: V d minh ho lnh so snh trong chng trnh LAD, FBD v STL.
60
3. SIMATIC Timer Instructions:

STL
TON Txxx, PT
LAD
Txxx
TON
EN
PT
Txxx
TON Txxx, PT
TONR
EN
PT
Txxx
TOF Txxx, PT
TOF
EN
PT
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
On_Delay_Timer (TON)
y l lnh m thi
Txxx: Constant
gian hot khi tn hiu EN IN : power flow
l ON.
Khi gi tr dm tc thi
trong thanh ghi CT >=
gi tr t trc trong
thanh ghi PT th bit trng
thi Txxx ca b Timer
l ON.
Ga tr m tc thi
trong thanh ghi CT = 0
v bit trng thi v off
khi tn hiu u vo
l off. Ngc li vi
b TON, thanh ghi CV
v bit trng thi vn
gi nguyn tr khi c
lnh Reset b TONR.
Ngoi ra c th s
dng lnh Reset
xo thanh ghi tc thi
cng nh bit trng thi
ca b TON.
Ta c th s dng ton
hng Word (INT)
tng ng vi lnh
INT hay ton hng
tng ng vi bit trng
thi.
Khi tn hiu u vo
EN = 1 b TOF khng
hot ng. ch hot
ng khi c sn
xung ca tn hiu u
vo. Bit trng thi
c bt ln ON khi
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
word
bool
PT: IW, QW,

MW, SMW,
VW, LW, SW,
AIW, T, C, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
INT
61
CV = PT.
Reset TOF (c CV v
bit trng thi) bng
cch cung cp tn hiu
vo u vo EN.
Bng : S Timer v phn gii.
Note: Khng th cng mt lc s dng c 2 b TON v TOF cho cng 1 a ch (v d

T37).
Bng : Ga tr t ti a cho tng loi v trng thi lm vic ca cc loi Timer.
Vic s dng tip im thng ng Q0.0 bn di m lm tn hiu u vo cho

Timer m bo cho Q0.0 s c gi tr logic bng 1 trong mt vng qut mi thi im
m gi tr m tc thi ca b Timer t gi tr t trc PT.
62
To khong thi gian tr 300ms bng cc loi timer c phn gii khc nhau
Hnh 23: V d cch s dng b TON.

63
Hnh 24: V d cch s dng b TONR
.
Hnh 25: V d cch s dng b TOF
64
4. SIMATIC Counter Instructions (Count Up, Count Up Down, Count Down ):

STL
LAD
Cxxx
CTU
CTU Cxxx, PV
CU
R
PV
Cxxx
CTUD Cxxx, PV
CTUD
CU
CD
R
PV
Cxxx
CTD
CD
CTD Cxxx, PV
LD
PV
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Khai bo b m tin theo sn

ln ca tn hiu u vo CU.
Khi g tr m tc thi C-Word
ln hn hoc bng gi tr t
trc PV, ht bit trng thi Cxxx
c gi tr bng 1. B m c
Reset khi R c gi tr logic bng
1. B m ngng m khi gi tr
m t gi tr cc i 32767.
Cxxx:
Constant
EU, R : power
flow.
PT: IW, QW,
MW, SMW,
VW, LW, SW,
AIW, T, C,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC,
LD
Cxxx:
Constant
EU, ED, R :
power flow.
PT: IW, QW,
MW, SMW,
VW, LW, SW,
AIW, T, C,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC,
LD
Khai bo b m tin/li; m
tin theo sn ln ca tn hiu
u vo CU, m li theo sn
ln ca tn hiu u vo CD.
Khi g tr m tc thi C-Word
ln hn hoc bng gi tr t
trc PV, ht bit trng thi Cxxx
c gi tr bng 1. B m c
1. B m ngng m tin khi
gi tr m t gi tr cc i
32767. B m ngng m li
khi gi tr m t gi tr cc i
-32767. CTUD reset khi u vo
R c gi tr logic bng 1.
Khai bo b m li theo sn
ln ca tn hiu u vo C. Khi
g tr m tc thi C-Word ln
hn hoc bng gi tr t trc
PV, ht bit trng thi Cxxx c
gi tr bng 1. B m c
1. B m ngng m khi gi tr
m t gi tr cc i 32767.
Cxxx:
Constant
CD, LD :
power flow.
PT: IW, QW,
MW, SMW,
VW, LW, SW,
AIW, T, C,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC,
LD
Kiu d liu
Data Types
word
bool
INT
word
bool
INT
word
bool
INT
65
Hnh 26: V d cch s dng b CTD.
66
Hnh 27: V d cch s dng b CTUD.

5. SIMATIC Integer Math Instructions:
STL
M t
Description
LAD
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
Add Integer and Subtract Integer

MOVW IN1, OUT
+I
IN2, OUT
hoc
+I
IN1, IN2
MOVW IN1, OUT

-I
IN2, OUT
hoc
-I
IN1, IN2
Lnh cng hai

s nguyn 16
bit IN1 + IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (16
bit)
ADD_I
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
SUB_I
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh tr hai s
nguyn 16 bit
IN1- IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (16 bit)
IN1, IN2: IW, QW, MW,

SMW, VW, LW, SW,
AIW, T, C, AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
OUT: IW, QW, MW,
SMW, VW, LW, SW, T,
C, AC, VD, AC, LD
INT
Add Double Integer and Subtract Double Integer

MOVD IN1, OUT
+D
IN2, OUT
hoc
+D
IN1, IN2
MOVD IN1, OUT

-D
IN2, OUT
hoc
-D
IN1, IN2
ADD_DI
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
SUB_DI
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh cng hai

s nguyn 32
bit IN1 + IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (32
bit)
Lnh tr hai s
nguyn 32 bit
IN1 - IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (32 bit)
IN1, IN2: ID, QD, MD,

VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, Constant, VD,
AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
AC, LD
DINT
Add Real and Subtract Real

MOVR IN1, OUT
+R
IN2, OUT
hoc
+R
IN1, IN2
MOVR IN1, OUT
ADD_R
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh cng hai

s thc 32 bit
IN1 + IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (32 bit)
Lnh tr hai s

VD, SMD, SD, LD,
AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
AC, LD
Real
Real
67

-R
-R
IN2, OUT
hoc
IN1, IN2
SUB_R
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
thc 32 bit IN1

+ IN2 kt qu
cha trong
OUT (32 bit)
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
AC, LD
Miltiply Integer and Divide Integer

MOVW IN1, OUT
*I
IN2, OUT
hoc
*I
IN1, IN2
MOVW IN1, UT
/I
IN2, OUT
hoc
/I
IN1, IN2
MULL_I
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
DIV_I
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh nhn hai

s nguyn 16
bit IN1*IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (16
bit)
Lnh chia hai
s nguyn 16
bit IN1/IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (16 bit)

SMW, VW, LW, SW,
AIW, T, C, AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
OUT: IW, QW, MW,
SMW, VW, LW, SW, T,
C, AC, VD, AC, LD
INT
Miltiply Double Integer and Divide Double Integer

MOVD IN1, OUT
*D
IN2, OUT
hoc
*D
IN1, IN2
MOVD IN1, OUT

/D
IN2, OUT
hoc
/D
IN1, IN2
MUL_DI
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
DIV_DI
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh nhn hai

s nguyn 32
bit IN1*IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (32
bit)
Lnh chia hai
s nguyn 32
bit IN1/IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (32 bit)

VD, SMD, SD, LD,
AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
AC, LD
DINT
Multiply Integer to Double Double Integer and Divide Integer to Double Double Integer
MOVW IN1, OUT
MUL IN2, OUT
hoc
MUL IN1, IN2
MUL
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh nhn hai

s nguyn 16
bit IN1*IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (32

SMW, VW, LW, SW, AIW,
T, C, AC, Constant, VD,
AC, LD
INT
68

trong OUT (32
bit)
MOVW IN1, OUT

DIV IN2, OUT
hoc
DIV IN1, IN2
DIV
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh chia hai

s nguyn 16
bit IN1*IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (32
bit)
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
AC, LD
AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
AC, LD
DINT
INT
DINT
Miltiply Real and Divide Real
MOVR IN1, OUT

*R
IN2, OUT
hoc
*R
IN1, IN2
MOVR IN1, OUT

/R
IN2, OUT
hoc
/R
IN1, IN2
MUL_R
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
DIV_R
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh nhn hai

s thc 32 bit
IN1*IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (32 bit)
Lnh chia hai

s thc 32 bit
IN1/IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (32 bit)

AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
AC, LD
Real
Nhng lnh ny lm n gin ho cc vng iu khin bn trong chng trnh hoc l cc qu

trnh lp. Trong LAD hay trong STL cc lnh tng hoc gim u lm vic vi cc ton hng c
kiu Byte, t n, kiu t kp theo nguyn tc cng hoc tr ton hng vi s nguyn 1.
tit kim nh ta c th s dng u vo ng thi lm u ra.
Increment Byte and Decrement Byte

INC_B
EN
INCB OUT
IN OUT
M t trn.
DECB OUT
DEC_B
EN
IN: IB, QB, MB, VB,

SMB, SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD, AC, LD
OUT:IB, QB, MB, VB,
SMB, SB, LB, AC, VD,
AC, LD
Byte
IN OUT
69
Increment Word and Decrement Word
INCW OUT
INC_W
EN
IN OUT
DECW OUT
M t trn
DEC_W
EN
IN: IW, QW, MW, SMW,

VW, LW, SW, AIW, T, C,
AC, Constant, VD, AC,
LD
OUT: IW, QW, MW,
T, C, AC, VD, AC, LD
INT
IN OUT
Increment Double Word and Decrement Double Word

INCD OUT
INC_DW
EN
IN: ID, QD, MD, VD,
IN OUT
M t trn
DECB OUT
DEC_DW
EN
SMD, SD, LD, HC,AC,

Constant, VD, AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD, HC,AC,
VD, AC, LD
DINT
IN OUT
70
Hnh 28: V d v cch s dng lnh MIL, DIV.
Hnh 29: V d v cch s dng lnh INC DEC
71
Hnh 30: V d v cch s dng lnh ADD, MUL, DIV vi s thc.
72
6. SIMATIC Numerical Function Instructions:

STL
LAD
SQRT
EN
SQRT IN, OUT
IN OUT
M t
Description
Square Root
Lnh thc hin php
ly cn bc hai ca
s thc 32 bit. Kt
qu cng l s 32 bit
c ghi vo t kp
OUT.
Natural Logarithm (logarit t nhin)

Lnh Natural
Logarithm thc hin
php logirit t nhin
SQRT
ca s thc 32 bit,
EN
Kt qu c lu
IN OUT
vo t kp OUT.
LN IN, OUT
Lnh ny cng c
s dng thc hin
php logarit c s
10 t php ly
logarit t nhin.
Natural Exponential (php ly t nhin)
EPX
EN
IN OUT
EPX IN, OUT
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
IN: ID, QD, MD,

VD, SMD, SD,
LD, HC,AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD,
MD, VD, SMD,
SD, LD, HC,AC,
VD, AC, LD
Real
IN: ID, QD, MD,

VD, SMD, SD,
LD, HC,AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD,
MD, VD, SMD,
SD, LD, HC,AC,
VD, AC, LD
IN: ID, QD, MD,

VD, SMD, SD,
LD, HC,AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD,
MD, VD, SMD,
SD, LD, HC,AC,
VD, AC, LD
Real
Real
73
SIN IN, OUT
SIN
EN
IN OUT
COS
EN
COS IN, OUT
IN OUT
TAN
EN
IN OUT
TAN IN, OUT
PID TBL,
LOOP
PID
EN
Sine, Cosine and Tangent

Lnh Sine, Cosine
v Tangent nh gi
tr hm lng gic
ca gc IN(s thc
32 bit). Kt qu
c lu vo
doubleword OUT.
Vi iu kin: IN
tnh bng radian,
nu l th phi
thc hin php
chuyn t sang
radian bng cch
thc hin lnh
MUL_R nhn gi
tr IN Vi
1.745329E-2
(/180)
Lnh thc hin tnh
ton vng lp, vi s
th t l LOOP
(0<=LOOP<=7) v
bng tham chiu ca
qu trnh l TBL.
! Trrc khi thc
hin qu trnh tnh
ton vng lp PID
hi h
IN: ID, QD, MD,

VD, SMD, SD,
LD, HC,AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD,
MD, VD, SMD,
SD, LD, HC,AC,
VD, AC, LD
Real
TBL:
VB
BYTE
LOOP:
Constant (0 7)
BYTE
TBL OUT
LOOP
74
ny cn phi thc
hin mt s th tc
quy nh trc khi
qu trnh tnh ton
din ra nh: vic
khai bo tham s
ca hm, a ch ca
mng d liu, ly
mu tn hiu vo
analog u vo, thc
hin qu trnh tnh
ton, chun ho,
hiu chnh... Phn
ny s c trnh
by c th chng
sau.
7. SIMATIC Move Instructions:

M t
Ton hng
Kiu d liu
Description
Operands
Data Types
Move Byte, Move Word, Move Double Word and Move Real
Lnh thc hin
IN: IB, QB, MB,
vic chuyn d
VB, SMB, SB, LB,
MOV_B
liu t byte IN
AC, Constant, VD,
EN
vo
byte
OUT
AC, LD
IN OUT
MOVB IN, OUT
Byte
khi c sn ln
OUT:IB, QB, MB,
ca tn hiu vo. VB, SMB, SB, LB,
AC, VD, AC,
LD
STL
LAD
75
MOV_W
EN
MOVW IN,OUT
IN OUT
Lnh thc hin

vic chuyn d
liu t Word IN
vo Word OUT
khi c sn ln
ca tn hiu vo.
IN: IW, QW, VW,

LW, SW, AIW, T, C,
AC, Constant, VD,
AC, LD
OUT: IW, QW, MW,
SMW, VW, LW, SW,
AIW, T, C, AC, VD,
AC, LD
Word, INT
Lnh thc hin

vic chuyn d
liu t kp IN
vo t kp OUT
khi c sn ln
ca tn hiu vo.
IN: ID, QD, MD,

VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, &VB,
MOV_DW
&IB, &QB, &SB,
EN
&MB, &T, &C,
IN OUT
DoubleWord,
Constant, VD,
MOVD IN, OUT
DINT
AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD, MD,
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, VD, AC,
LD
Lnh thc hin
IN: ID, QD, MD,
vic chuyn d
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
MOV_R
liu
l
s
thc
t
HC,AC, Constant,
EN
t kp IN vo t VD, AC, LD
MOVR IN, OUT
IN OUT
Real
kp OUT khi c OUT: ID, QD, MD,
sn ln ca tn VD, SMD, SD, LD,
hiu vo.
HC,AC, VD, AC,
LD
Block Move Byte, Block Move Word, Block Move Double Word and Block Move
Real
IN, OUT: IB, QB,
Lnh thc hin
MB, VB, SMB, SB,
vic chuyn N
Byte
BLKMOV_B
byte d liu tnh LB, VD, AC,
EN
t byte IN vo
LD.
IN
OUT
BMB IN,
vng a ch tnh N: IB, QB, MB,
N
OUT, N
t byte OUT khi VB, SMB, SB, LB,
c sn ln ca
AC, Constant, VD,
Byte
tn hiu vo.
AC, LD
1 <= N <= 255
76
BLKMOV_W
EN
BMW IN,
OUT, N
IN
N
OUT
BLKMOV_D
EN
BMD IN,
OUT, N
SWAP IN
IN
N
OUT
SWAP
EN ENO
IN
BIR IN, OUT
BIW IN, OUT
Lnh thc hin

vic chuyn N t
n d liu tnh
t t n IN vo
vng a ch tnh
t t n OUT
khi c sn ln
ca tn hiu vo.
Lnh thc hin

vic chuyn N t
kp d liu tnh
t t kp IN vo
vng a ch tnh
t t kp OUT
khi c sn ln
ca tn hiu vo.
Swap Byte
Lnh o d liu
ca 2 byte trong
t n IN.
IN: IW, QW, VW,

LW, SW, SMW, AIW,
T, C, AC, VD, AC,
LD
OUT: IW, QW,

VW, LW, SW, SMW,
AQW, T, C, AC, VD,
AC, LD
N: IB, QB, MB,

VB, SMB, SB, LB,
AC, Constant, VD,
AC, LD
1 <= N <= 255
IN, OUT: ID, QD,
MD, VD, SMD,
SD, LD, VD,
AC, LD.
N: IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB, SB, LB,
AC, Constant, VD,
AC, LD
1 <= N <= 255
IN: IW, QW, VW,
LW, SW, SMW, AIW,
T, C, AC.
Move Byte Immedieate Read/ Write

Lnh c tc
IN: IB
MOV_BIR
thi gi tr byte
EN
u vo cng
OUT: IB, QB, MB,
IN OUT
vt l IN v ghi
VB, SMB, SB, LB,
trc tip vo byte AC, VD, AC,
OUT.
LD
Lnh c tc
IN: IB, QB, MB,
MOV_BIW
thi gi tr byte VB, SMB, SB, LB,
EN
IN v ghi trc
AC, Constant,
IN OUT
tip ra u ra
VD, AC, LD
cng vt l byte OUT: QB
OUT.
Word
Byte
DWord
Byte
Word
Byte
Byte
77
Hnh 31: V d minh ho v cch s dng lnh khi hm.
Hnh 32: V d minh ho v cch s dng lnh khi hm
78
8. SIMATIC Table Instructions:

Cc lnh lm vic vi bng d liu gi tc l lnh bng, cho php nhp d liu vo
mt bng, sp xp s lng theo th t c nhp vo hoc theo th t ngc li.
Bng c nh ngha l mt mng t n xp lin nhau t a ch thp nht tnh
t u bng n a ch cao nht tnh n cui bng. Hai t n u tin ca bng dng
qun l bng. D liu c ghi vo trong bng bt u t t n th 3 trong bng, mi
d liu chim mt t n, mt bng ch cha ti a 100 d liu. C ngha l bng ln
nht c 204 byte.
Hai t n u bng c ngha nh sau:
Hnh 33: M t bng d liu.

+ T u k hiu bng TL, cha kch thc ca bng khng k hai t n qun l.
+ T n th hai k hiu bng EC, qun l s cc d liu hin c trong bng.
Bit SM1.4 c dng bo trng thi y bng.
Cc lnh lm vic vi bng gm c cc lnh:
+ Nhp thm d liu vo bng : ATT - Add to Table(AT_T_TBL).
+ Ly d liu ra khi bng theo th t vo trc ra trc: First - In - First - Out
(FIFO).
+ Ly d liu ra khi bng theo th t vo sau ra trc: Last - In - First - Out
(LIFO).
Tip: Lnh bng c thc hin lin tc (mt t trong mt vng qut) khi u vo
vn cn c kch. Bi vy trc khi gi lnh lm vic vi bng nn thc hin lnh
pht hin sn ln (EU) cho tn hiu u vo.
STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu
d liu
Data
Types
Add to Table
79
AD_T_TBL
EN
ENO
DATA
TBL
ATT DATA,
TABLE
Lnh ghi thm vo bng mt

d liu kiu t n, c
xc nh bng ni dung cu
ton hng DATA trong lnh.
Bng c ch nh trong
lnh bng ton hng TBL
xc nh t u tin ca
bng, tc l TL. Nu bng
y tc l EC=TL, Bit
SM1.4=1.
D liu mi c a vo s
nm trong t cha dng u
tin, tc l ngay sau d liu
c nhp trc . Khi
lnh thc hin xong th n
dung ca t EC tng thm 1
n v.
DATA:
IW, QW, VW,
LW, SW, MW,
SMW, AIW, T, C,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
INT
TBL:
IW, QW, VW,
Word
LW, SW, MW,

SMW, T, C, VD,
AC, LD
Hnh 34: V d v cch thc hin lnh ATT.

S dng lnh tm kim tm d liu theo mu cho trc trong mt bng. Mu d
liu nh trc l ni dung ca ton hng PTN ca lnh. Tham s CMD l lut tm kim,
c 4 lut tm kim: =, <>, <, >.
Bng c ch nh trong lnh tm kim c ch nh bng ni dung ca ton
hng TBL ch nh nm ngay trc vng cha d liu ca bng ( ny chnh l t n
EC).
80
Bng quy nh cho lnh tm kim bao gm b m EC tc thi c kiu t n ghi

s cc d liu c trong bng v vng d liu ca bng. S lng ln nht cc d liu ca
bng c th c ca bng l 100.
Mi d liu trong bng c kch thc bng t n. D liu trong bng c nh s t
0n vi n c gi tr cc i bng 99. S cc d liu c trong bng l ni dung ca t n
EC, khng bt buc lnh tm kim phi bt u t u bng. Lnh c th bt u cng
vic tm kim ti mt im bt k trong vng d liu. Ton hng INDX xc nh im
xut pht ca cng vic tm kim bng vic ch ra ch s (099) ca d liu u tin trong
vng nh tm kim. Nh vy mun tm t u bng INDX phi c gi tr bng 0. Ni
dung ca INDX l s nguyn trong khong t 0 n EC.
Nu s dng lnh tm kim vi bng c to bi cc lnh ATT, FIFO, LIFO th
nh EC l nh u bng phi c ch nh trong lnh ti ton hng TBL. Khi s dng
lnh ATT, FIFO, LIFO i hi phi thng bo t s cc u vo cc i cho lnh ( nh
TL) cn khi s dng lnh tm kim TBL_FIND th khng cn. Ton hng SRC ca lnh
tm kim l tn ca nh EC (2 byte).
C php ca lnh tm kim trong LAD v STL khc nhau. Trong khi c 4 lut tm
kim CMD trong LAD, th trong STL tng ng vi mi lut tm kim c 1 lnh tm
kim ring. Nh vy trong LAD ch c 1 hp cho 4 lnh tm kim th trong STL l:
FND=, FND<>, FND<, FND>.
Ni dung ca ton hng trong LAD c quy nh nh sau:
a) CMD = 1, tm theo lut = (bng nhau.).
b) CMD = 2, tm theo lut <> (khc nhau).
c) CMD = 3, tm theo lut < (nh hn).
d) CMD = 4, tm theo lut > (ln hn).
Kiu d
M t
Ton hng
liu
STL
LAD
Description
Operands
Data
Types
Table Fine
FND= TBL,
TBL: IW, QW,
Thc hin vic tm
VW, LW, SW,
PARNT, INDX
kim trong bng xc
Word
nh bi TBL , bt u MW, SMW, AIW,
t v tr d liu INDX T, C, VD, AC,
LD
nh ch d liu
PTN: IW, QW,
PARNT. Lut tm
VW,
LW, SW,
AD_T_TBL
FND<> TBL,
kim
c
quy
nh
MW,
SMW, AIW,
EN
ENO
INT
PARNT, INDX
bi CMD c gi tr t T, C, AC,
TBL
Constant, VD,
1 n 4 tng ng =,
PTN
AC, LD
<>, <, >.
INDX
CMD
81
FND< TBL,
PARNT, INDX
FND> TBL,
PARNT, INDX
<>, <, >.

Khi tm thy , INDX
s ch vo d liu
u tin tm c
trong bng v lnh
c kt thc. Do
tm kim d liu
tip theo, INDX phi
c tng gi tr l v
gi li lnh ny. Nu
nh khng tm thy
INDX c gi tr ng
bng gi tr ca b
m EC.
INDX: LW, SW,

MW, SMW, AIW,
T, C, VD, AC,
LD
Word
CMD: Constant
Byte
Bng : S khc nhau gia bng d liu nh ngha bng lnh ATT, FIFO, LIFO v lnh
FIN.
82
Hnh 35: V d v cch s dng lnh tm kim FND.
STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
Fisrt - In - Fisrf - Out
83
FIFO TABLE,
DATA
EN
FIFO
ENO
TBL
DATA
Lnh ly d liu u
tin ca bng ra khi
bng. Nu bng
trng c ngha l d
liu trong c ly
ra ht, hay EC=0, bit
SM1.4=1. D liu ly
ra ghi vo DATA
(kiu t). Cc d liu
cn li c dn ln
v tr trn lp ch
trng va mi b ly
i. Khi lnh thc hin
xong ni dung ca EC
gim i mt n v.
TBL: IW, QW,

VW, LW, SW,
MW, T, C, VD,
AC, LD
DATA: IW,
QW, VW, LW,
INT
SW, MW, SMW,

AIW, T, C, AQW,
VD, AC, LD
Word
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Hnh 36: V d v cch s dng lnh FIFO.

.
STL
LAD
M t
Description
84
Data
Types
LIFO
LIFO TABLE,
DATA
EN
ENO
TBL
DATA
Last - In - Fisrf - Out

Lnh ly d liu cui
cng ca bng ra khi
bng tc l d liu
c nhp sau cng.
Nu bng trng c
ngha l d liu trong
c ly ra ht,
hay EC=0, bit
SM1.4=1. D liu ly
ra ghi vo DATA
(kiu t). Cc d liu
cn li c dn ln
v tr trn lp ch
trng va mi b ly
i. Khi lnh thc hin
xong ni dung ca EC
gim i mt n v.
TBL: IW, QW,

VW, LW, SW,
MW, T, C, VD,
AC, LD
DATA: IW,
QW, VW, LW,
SW, MW, SMW,
AIW, T, C, AQW,
VD, AC, LD
INT
Word
Hnh 37: V d v cch s dng lnh LIFO.
85
STL
LAD
FILL
EN ENO
FILL IN, OUT,

N
IN
N
OUT
M t
Description
Memory Fill
Lnh in gi tr
cha trong Word
IN vo mng bt
u t a ch
Word OUT.
N l s t n ca
mng, 1<=N<=255
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
IN: IW, QW, VW,

LW, SW, MW, SMW,
AIW, T, C, AC,
Constant, VD, AC,
LD
N: IB, QB, MB, VB,

SMB, SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
OUT: IW, QW, VW,
LW, SW, MW, SMW,
AIW, T, C, VD, AC,
LD
Word
Byte
Word
Hnh 38: V d v cch s dng lnh FILL.

9. SIMATIC Logical Operation Instructin:
STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
And Byte, Or Byte, Exclusive Or Byte
86
ANDB IN1,
OUT
ORB IN1, OUT
WAND_B
EN ENO
ANDW IN1,
OUT
ORW IN1,
OUT
XORW IN1,
OUT
ANDD IN1,
OUT
ORD 1, OUT
Lnh thc hin AND gia

cc bit tng ng ca hai
Byte IN1 v IN2, kt qu
ghi vo Byte OUT.
IN1, IN2:
IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB,
SB, LB, AC,
Constant,
VD, AC,
LD
Byte
Lnh thc hin OR gia cc

bit tng ng ca hai Byte
IN1 v IN2, kt qu ghi vo
Byte OUT.
OUT:
IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB,
SB, LB, AC,
VD, AC,
LD
Byte
IN1 OUT
IN2
WOR_B
EN ENO
IN1 OUT
IN2
XORB IN1,
OUT
WXOR_B
EN ENO
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh thc hin XOR gia

Byte IN1 v IN2, kt qu
ghi vo Byte OUT.
And Word, Or Word, Exclusive Or Word

Lnh thc hin AND gia
IN1, IN2:
WAND_W
IW, QW,
EN ENO
VW, LW, SW,
Word IN1 v IN2, kt qu
IN1 OUT
MW, SMW,
ghi vo Word OUT.
IN2
WOR_W
EN ENO
IN1 OUT
IN2
WXOR_W
EN ENO
IN1 OUT
IN2

bit tng ng ca hai Word
Word OUT.
Lnh thc hin XOR gia
Word IN1 v IN2, kt qu
ghi vo Word OUT.
AIW, T, C,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC,
LD
Word
OUT:
IW, QW,
VW, LW, SW,
MW, SMW, T,
C, AC, VD,
AC, LD
And DWord, Or DWord, Exclusive Or DWord

Lnh thc hin AND gia
IN1, IN2:
WAND_DW
cc bit tng ng ca hai t ID, QD, VD,
EN ENO
kp IN1 v IN2, kt qu ghi LD, SD, MD,
IN1 OUT
SMD, HD, AC,
vo t kp OUT.
IN2
WOR_DW
EN ENO
IN1 OUT
IN2

bit tng ng ca hai t kp
Double
Word
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
87

t kp OUT.
XORD IN1,
OUT
WXOR_DW
EN ENO
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh thc hin XOR gia

OUT:
cc bit tng ng ca hai t ID, QD, VD,
LD, MD, SMD,
kp IN1 v IN2, kt qu
AC, VD,
ghi vo t kp OUT.
AC, LD
Hnh 39: V d v cch s dng lnh AND, OR, XOR.

STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
Invert Byte, Invert Word, Invert DWord
88
INV_B
EN ENO
INVB
OUT
IN1 OUT
INV_W
EN ENO
INVW
OUT
IN1 OUT
INV_DW
EN ENO
INVD
OUT
IN1 OUT
Lnh o tng bit ca

byte u vo IN, kt
qa a ra u ra
OUT.
Thng th u vo v
ra cng a ch.
Lnh o tng bit ca

t n u vo IN, kt
qa a ra u ra
OUT.
Thng th u vo v
ra cng a ch.
Lnh o tng bit ca

t kp u vo IN, kt
qa a ra u ra
OUT.
Thng th u vo v
ra cng a ch.
IN:IB, QB, MB,

VB, SMB, SB,
LB, AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
OUT:IB, QB,
MB, VB, SMB,
SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
IN: IW, QW, VW,
Byte
LW, SW, MW,

SMW, AC, AIW , T,
C, Constant, VD,
AC, LD
OUT: IW, QW,
Word
VW, LW, SW, MW,

SMW, AC, T, C,
VD, AC, LD
IN: ID, QD, VD,

LD, SD, MD, SMD,
HD, AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD,
DWord
VD, LD, SD, MD,

SMD, AC, VD,
AC, LD
Hnh 40: V d v cch s dng lnh INVB, INVW, INVD.

10. SIMATIC Stack Logic Instructions:
89
Cc lnh tip im trong i s Boolean cho php to lp c cc mch logic

(khng c nh). Trong LAD cc mch ny biu din thng qua cu trc mch, mc ni
tip hay song song cc mch tip im thng ng v cc tip im thng m. STL c
th s dng cc lnh A (And) v O (Or) cho cc tip im mc ni tip v song song l
thng h hoc cc lnh AN (And Not) v ON (Or Not) cho cc tip im mc ni tip
v song song l thng ng. Ga tr ca cc bit trong ngn xp thay i tu thuc vo
tng lnh. Trong phn ny chng ta s i su hn v s lm vic ca cc bit trong ngn
xp, vic hiu v nm bt v ngn xp l iu rt cn thit trong vn lp trnh dng
ngn ng STL.
Ngoi nhng lnh lm vic trc tip vi tip im, S7-200 cn c 5 lnh c bit
biu din ccc php tnh ca i s Boolean cho cc bit trong ngn xp, c gi l cc
lnh stack logic. Trong LAD khng dng nhng lnh ny. STL s dng cc lnh ny
thc hin nhng php ton ca phng trnh c nhiu biu thc con. Sau y l bng tm
tt c php v hng dn cch s dng lnh.
Kiu d
Ton
M t
liu
STL
LAD
hng
Description
Data
Operands
Types
And Load
Lnh t hp gi tr u tin v gi tr ca
bit th hai trong ngn xp bng php
tnh . Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u
ALD
none
none
none
tin ca ngn xp. Ga tr cn li c
ko ln 1 bit.
Or LoaD
Lnh t hp gi tr u tin v gi tr ca
bit th hai trong ngn xp bng php
tnh . Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u
OLD
none
none
none
tin ca ngn xp. Ga tr cn li c
ko ln 1 bit.
Logic PuSh
Sao chp gi tr ca bit u tin vo bit
th hai trong ngn xp. Ga tr cn li b
LPS
none
none
none
y xung 1 bit. Bit cui cng b y ra
ngoi.
Logic ReaD
Lnh sao chp gi tr ca bit th hai vo
LRD
none
none
none
bit u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr cn
li ca ngn xp vn gi nguyn.
Logic PoP
Lnh ko ngn xp ln 1 bit theo nguyn
LPP
none
none
none
tc bit sao ln bit trc.
90
LDS n
none
LoaD Stack
Lnh sao chp gi tr ca bit th n (ngn
xp c 9 bit th bit th nh c tnh l
1...n bit cui cng l 8) ca ngn xp
ln bit u tin. Cc gi tr cn li ca
ngn xp bi y li xung 1 bit, bit cui
cng b y ra khi ngn xp.
Byte
n: 18
Hnh 41: M t hot ng ca lnh LDS.
Hnh 42: M t hot ng ca lnh ALD v OLD.
91
Hnh 43: M t hot ng ca lnh LPS, LRD, LPP.
Hnh 44: V d v cch s dng lnh ALD, OLD, LPP, LPS, LRD.
11. SIMATIC Conversion Instructions:
Cc hm i kiu d liu cho php thc hin vic i kiu d liu t kiu ny sang kiu
khc. Sau y l cc lnh bin i kiu d liu trong STL v LAD:
Kiu d
M t
Ton hng
liu
STL
LAD
Description
Operands
Data
Types
BCD to Integer and Integer to BCD
Lnh chuyn i mt
IN: IW, QW, VW,
s nh_thp phn IN
LW, MW, SMW,
BCD_I
EN
ENO
BCDI OUT
sang s nguyn v lu
AIW ,AC, T, C,
Word
kt
qu
vo
OUT.
Constant, VD,
IN OUT
Gii hn ca IN:
AC, LD, SW.
09999.
OUT: IW, QW,
92
IBCD OUT
I_BCD
EN ENO
IN
DTR IN,
OUT
ROUND
IN, OUT
OUT
DI_R
EN ENO
IN
OUT
RONUD
EN ENO
IN OUT
TRUNC IN,
TRUNC
EN ENO
Lnh chuyn i mt
s nguyn IN sang s
nh_thp phn v lu
kt qu vo OUT.
Gii hn ca IN:
09999.
Double Integer to Real

Lnh chuyn i s
nguyn 32 bit IN sang
s thc (32 bit) v lu
kt qu vo OUT.
VW, LW, MW,

SMW, AC, T, C,
VD, AC, LD,
SW.
IN: IW, QW, VW,
LW, MW, SMW,
AIW ,AC, T, C,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD.
OUT: IW, QW,
VW, LW, MW,
SMW, AC, T, C,
VD, AC, LD.
Word
IN: ID, QD, VD,

LD, MD, SMD, AC,
HD, Constant, VD, DWord
AC, LD, SD.
OUT:ID, QD, VD,
LD, MD, SMD, AC,
HD, VD, AC,
LD, SD.
Round
Lnh chuyn i s
thc IN thnh s
nguyn double Integer
(lm trn s) v kt qa
l vo OUT.
Nu phn l >= 0.5 th
c lm trn v pha
ln hn 1 n v.
IN: ID, QD, VD,

LD, MD, SMD, AC, Real
Constant, VD,
AC, LD, SD.
OUT:ID, QD, VD,
LD, MD, SMD, AC, DINT
HD, VD, AC,
LD, SD.
Truncate
Hm chuyn i s
thc 32 bit c du sang
s nguyn 32 bit c
du.
IN: ID, QD, VD,

LD, MD, SMD, AC, Real
Constant, VD,
AC, LD, SD.
IN OUT
93
OUT
ITD IN,
OUT
DTI IN,
OUT
(Integer to
Real)
BTI IN,
OUT
OUT:ID, QD, VD,

LD, MD, SMD, AC, DINT
HD, VD, AC,
LD, SD.
Double Integer to Integer and Integer to Double Integer
IN: IW, QW, VW,
LW, MW,SW,
I_DI
SMW, AIW ,AC, T,
INT
EN ENO
C,
Constant,
VD,
Lnh chuyn i s
IN OUT
nguyn 16 bit sang s AC, LD.
nguyn 32 bit.
OUT: ID, QD,VD,
LD, MD,SD, SMD,
DINT
AC, VD, AC,
LD.
IN: ID, QD,VD,
LD, MD,SD, SMD,
DINT
AC,Constant, VD,
DI_I
Lnh chuyn i s
EN ENO
AC, LD.
nguyn 32 bit sang s
IN OUT
OUT: IW, QW,
nguyn 16 bit.
VW, LW, MW,SW,
INT
SMW, AC, T, C,
VD, AC, LD.
Integer to Real, Byte to Integer and Integer to Byte
Khng c lnh chuyn
i trc tip ny. Ta c
th thc hin c
bng cch dng lnh
ITD (chuyn s nguyn
none
16 bit thnh s nguyn
none
none
32 bit) sau dng tip
lnh DTR (chuyn s
nguyn 32 bit sang s
thc ).
IN: IB, QB, MB,
Lnh chuyn i gi tr
SMB, VB, SB, LB,
ca Byte IN thnh gi
Byte
tr Integer 16 bit v lu AC, Constant, VD,
vo OUT.
AC, LD.
94
OUT: IW, QW,

VW, LW, MW,SW,
SMW, AC, T, C,
VD, AC, LD.
IBT IN,
OUT
I_B
EN ENO
Lnh chuyn i gi tr
trong Word IN thnh
gi Byte v lu gi tr
ny vo OUT.
IN OUT
INT
IN: IW, QW, VW,

LW, MW,SW,
SMW, AC, T, C,
AIW, Constant,
VD, AC, LD.
OUT: IB, QB, MB,
SMB, VB, SB, LB,
AC, VD, AC,
LD.
INT
Byte
Hnh 45: V d minh ho cch s dng cc lnh chuyn i.

95
STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
Decode
DECO
EN ENO
DECO IN,
OUT
ENCO IN,
OUT
IN OUT
ENCO
EN ENO
IN OUT
IN: IB, QB, MB,

SMB, VB, SB,
LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
OUT: IW, QW,
VW, LW,
MW,SW, SMW,
AC, T, C, AIW,
VD, AC, LD.
IN: IW, QW,
VW, LW,
Lnh xc nh ch s ca MW,SW, SMW,
bit thp nht trong t
AC, T, C, AIW,
n IN c gi tr logic
VD, AC, LD.
1v ghi kt qu ny vo
OUT: IB, QB,
nibble thp nht ca byte
MB, SMB, VB,
u ra OUT.
SB, LB, AC,
VD, AC, LD.
Lnh t gi tr logic 1
vo bit ca t n OUT
c ch s (trng s ca
bit thuc Word) bng s
nguyn nm trong nibble
(4 bit) thp ca byte u
vo IN.
Cc bi cn li ca t n
c gi tr logic bng 0.
Byte
Word
Word
Byte
96
Hnh 46: V d v cch s dng lnh DECO.
Hnh 47: V d v cch s dng lnh ENCO.
STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
Segment
97
SEG IN,
OUT
ATH IN,
OUT, LEN
HTA IN,
OUT, LEN
IN: IB, QB, MB,

SMB, LB, VB, AC,
SEG
EN ENO
Constant, VD,
IN OUT
AC, SB, LD.
OUT: IB, QB, MB,
SMB, LB, VB, AC,
VD, AC, SB,
LD.
ASCII to Hexa and Hexa to ASCII
Thc hin php bin
IN, OUT:
i mt chui k t c IB, QB, MB, SMB,
di c ch th
LB, VB, VD, AC,
trong ton hng LEN, SB, LD.
bt u bng k t ch
nh trong ton hng
LEN:
IN, sang s nguyn h IB, QB, MB, SMB,
ATH
c s 16 v ghi vo
EN
LB, VB, AC,
vng nh k t byte
Constant, VD,
IN OUT
LEN
c ch nh bi
AC, SB, LD.
OUT. di cc i
ca chui k t l 255.
Nhng k t hp l l
nhng k t c m
ASCII t 3039 v
ATH
EN
4146 (c s 16, ng
IN OUT
vi cc k t t 09,
LEN
AF ). Nu m ho
mt k t b sai th qu
trnh m ho b dng
li v bit SM1.7 c gi
tr logic bng 1.
Thc hin i mt dy IN, OUT:
ch vit trong h c s IB, QB, MB, SMB,
16 thnh chui k t
LB, VB, VD, AC,
m ASCII. Dy s u SB, LD.
vo c lu trong
mng bt u bng IN
Lnh xut cc bit cho
thanh ghi 7 on
tng ng vi ni
dung ca 4 bit thp
nht ca byte u vo
IN. Kt qu c chi
vo byte u ra.
Byte
Byte
Byte
Byte
98
v c di l LEN.
di cc i ca dy
s l 255. Chui k t
u ra c ghi vo
mng c byte u l
OUT.
LEN:
IB, QB, MB, SMB,
LB, VB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, SB, LD.
Hnh 48: V d v cch s dng lnh ATH, HTA.
Hnh 49: V d v cch s dng lnh SEG.
Hnh 50: M hin th thanh ghi 7 on.

99
12. SIMATIC Clock Instrutions:

Tuyt i khng s dng lnh c /ghi (TODR/TODW) thi gian thc cng mt
lc trong chng trnh chnh v chng trnh x l ngt. Khi mt lnh TODR hoc
TODW thc hin th khi gi chng trnh x l ngt, cc lnh lm vic vi ng h
thi gian thc trong chng trnh x l ngt s khng c thc hin na. Bit SM4.5 s
c mc logic 1 trong nhng trng hp nh vy.
ng h thi gian thc ch c i vi CPU214 tr ln. c th lm vic vi
ng h thi gian thc th CPU s cung cp 2 lnh c/ghi gi tr cho ng h. Nhng gi
tr c c hoc ghi c vi ng h thi gian thc l cc gi tr v ngy, thng, nm
v cc gi tr v gi, pht, giy.
Cc d liu c/ghi vi ng h thi gian thc trong LAD, STL c di 1 byte
v phi c m ho theo kiu s nh thp phn BCD (Ex: 16#95 CHO NM 95).
Chng nm trong b m gm 8 byte lin nhau theo th t nh sau:
Hnh 51: B m 8 byte cu lnh ng h thi gian thc.

Cc gi tr ca cc thng s phi nm trong gii hn:
CPU S7-200 khng thc hin kim tra li ngy thng, ngy ca tun iu chnh
li ngy thng. Gi tr v ngy thng nh l February 30 c th c chp nhn. Do
bn s phi chc chn rng ngy thng ca b a vo l ng.
Kiu d
M t
Ton hng
liu
STL
LAD
Description
Operands
Data
Types
Read Real-Time Clock and Set Real-Time Clock
Byte
Lnh c ni dung
ca ng h thi
READ_RTC
gian thc vo b
EN ENO
T: VB,IB, QB, MB,
m 8 byte c
T
TODR T
ch nh trong lnh SMB, SB, LB, VD,
bng ton hng T.
AC, LD.
TODW T
Lnh ghi ni dung
100
SET_RTC
EN ENO
T
ca b m 8 byte
c ch nh trong
lnh bng ton
hng T vo ng
h thi gian thc.
13. SIMATIC Program Control Instrutions:

Cc lnh ca chng trnh, nu khng c nhng lnh iu khin ring, s c
thc hin tn t t trn xung di trong mt vng qut. Lnh iu khin chng trnh
cho php thay i th t thc hin lnh. Chng cho php chuyn th t nh: ng l ra
l lnh tio theo, ti mt lnh bt c no khc ca chng trnh; trong ni iu khin
chuyn n phi c nh du trc bng nhn ch ch. Nhm lnh iu khin chng
trnh gm: lnh nhy, lnh gi chng trnh con, nhn ch ch (hay gi n gin l
nhn), phi c nh du trc khi thc hin lnh nhy hay lnh gi chng trnh con.
Vic t nhn cho lnh nhy phi nm trong chng trnh. Nhn ca chng trnh
con hay nhn ca chngtrnh x l ngt phi c khai bo u chng trnh. Khng
th dng lnh JMP chuyn iu khin t chng trnh chnh vo nhn bt k trong
chng trnh con hoc chng trnh x l ngt. Ngc li cng khng c php t mt
chng trnh con hay chng trnh x l ngt nhy ra ngoi chng trnh chnh .
Lnh gi chng trnh con l lnh chuyn quyn iu khin n chng trnh con.
Sau khi chng trnh con thc hin xong th quyn iu khin li c chuyn v lnh
tip theo trong chng trnh chnh nagy sau lnh gi chng trnh con. T mt chng
trnh con c th gi mt chng trnh con khc trong n, c th gi nh vy nhiu nht l
8 ln. Php quy cng c th thc hin c trong S7-200, mc d khng b cm song
phi ch n gii hn trn.
Trng thi ca ngn xp: Nu lnh nhy hay lnh gi chng trnh con c thc
hin th nh ngn xplun c g tr logic bng 1. Nh vy trong chng trnh con cc
lnh c iu kin c thc hin nh lnh khng c iu kin. Sau cc lnh LBL (lnh
t nhn) v SBR, lnh LD trong STL s b v hiu ho.
Khi mt chng trnh con oc gi, ton b ni dung trong ngn xp s c ct
i, nh ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic mi l 1, cc bit khc cn li ca ngn xp nhn
gi tr logic l 0 v iu khin c chuyn n chng trnh con c gi. Khi thc
hin xong chng trnh con v trc khi quyn iu khin c chuyn n chng trnh
gi n th ni dung ca ngn xp c ct gi trc s c chuyn tr li cho
ngn xp.
Ni dung ca thanh ghi AC khng c ct gi khi gi chng trnh con, nhng
khi mt chng trnh x l ngt c gi, ni dung thanh ghi AC s c ct gi trc
khi thc hin chng trnh x l ngt v tr li sau khi chng trnh x l ngt va thc
hin xong. Bi vy chng trnh x l ngt c th t do s dng 4 thanh ghi AC ca S7200.
101
STL
LAD
n
JMP
LBL
JMP
n
JMP
M t
Description
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
Ton hng
Operands
Jump to Label and Label

Lnh nhy thc hin
chuyn quyn iu
khin n nhn n
n:
trong mt chng
CPU 212:0 n 63
trnh.
CPU 21x khc t
Lnh khai bo nhn n
0 n 255.
trong mt chng
trnh.
none
Hnh 52: V d cch s dng lnh JMP, LBL.

STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
102
Types
SBR
RET
CRET
Subroutine and Return Subroutine

Lnh gi chng
trnh con, thc hin
n:
SBRn
EN
php chuyn quyn
CPU 212:0 n 15
iu khin n
CPU 21x khc t
0 n 255.
chng trnh con c
nhn n.
Lnh tr v chng
trnh gi chng
RET
trnh con khng iu
kin.
none
Lnh tr v chng
trnh gi chng
CRET
trnh con c iu
kin.
103
none
none
Hnh 53: V d cch s dng lnh gi v thot khi chng trnh con.
Cc lnh sau s can thip vo thi gian vng qut, n c dng kt thc
chng trnh ang thc hin hoc ko di thm thi gian ca vng qut.
Trong chng trnh chnh, kt thc chng trnh bng lnh MEND, nhng trong
son tho chng trnh chng ta khng cn lnh kt thc ny m Step 7 MicroWin
mc nh ri. Lnh END cng l lnh kt thc chng trnh nhng l lnh kt thc c
iu kin.
Khi chng trnh chnh hoc chng trnh con gp lnh STOP th chng trnh s
kt thc ngay ti cui vng qut hin thi v CPU chuyn sang ch STOP.
Nu trong chng trinh x l ngt gp lnh STOP th ngt cng c dng li
ngay lp tc, cc tn hiu x l ngt ang cn nm trong hng i s b hu b, phn cn
li ca chng trnh s khng thc hin.Vic thc s chuyn sang ch STOP xy ra
cui chu k vng qut hin thi sau giai on xut tn hiu cho u ra.
Lnh WDR s khi ng li ng h quan sat (Watchdog Timer), chng trnh
tip tc thc hin trong vng qut ch quan sat. Nn cn thn khi s dng lnh ny.
Khi trong chng trnh s dng lnh lp, hoc thi gian tr qu ln th nhng qu trnh
sau b hn ch:
- Truyn thng (loi tr kiu Freeport).
- Cp nht vo ra (tr nhng lnh vo ra tc th).
- Cp nht cng bc.
- Cp nht cc bit kiu SM.
- Chun on thi gian chy.
- Vi cc vng qut ln hn 25 giy th cc b Timer c phn gii10ms v
100ms s khng c chnh xc.
Nu thi gian ca vng qut ln hn 300ms, hoc khi gpkj mt ngt c chng
trnh x l ngt vi thi gian chy chng trnh lu hn 300ms th cn phi s cng lnh
WDR khi ng li ng h quan st.
104
Vic chuyn cng tc phn cng sang ch STOP hoc thc hin lnh STOP
trong chng trnh s l nguyn nhn t ch iu khin vo ch dng trong
khong thi gian 1,4s.
Kiu d
M t
Ton hng
liu
STL
LAD
Description
Operands
Data
Types
End and Stop and Watchdog Timer
Lnh kt thc chng
END
END
trnh hin hnh c u
kin.
Lnh kt thc chng
trnh hin hnh v
STOP
STOP
none
none
chuyn sang ch
STOP.
Lnh khi ng li
ng h quan st.
WDR
WDR
Hnh 54: V d v cch s dng lnh STOP, WDR, END

xy dng cu trc vng lp nhm thc hin lp mt khi lnh ring bit trong
chng trnh. S dng lnh FOR...NEXT thit k mt vng lp vi s ln c th nh
trc bng hai ton hng INIT kiu t n ch im khi pht v FINAL cng kiu t
n ch im kt thc. Ngoi ra lnh cn s dng mt t n INDX lu s vng lp
tc thi.
Mi mt cu lnh FOR i hi phi c mt cu lnh NEXT ng cui khi lnh
c lp. Cc vng FOR...NEXT c th c lng vo nhau nhng s lnh lng vo
nhau khng c vt qu 8 ln.
105
Ti thi im bt u thc hin lnh vng lp FOR, t n INDX nhn gi tr ca

INIT. Sau , mi khi kt thc mt vng lp, tc l khi gp lnh NEXT, ni dung ca
INDX c tng ln 1 n v v c so snh vi ni dung ca FINAL. Nu ni dung
ca INDX cha ln hn ni dung ca FINAL th chng trnh s tip tc thc hin li
vng lp, ngc li khi ni dung ca INDX ln hn ni dung ca FINAL th chng
trnh s kt thclnh FOR...NEXT v tip tc thc hin lnh k tip nm ngay sau lnh
NEXT.
Khi lnh NEXT thc hin th bit u tin trong ngn xp c gi tr logic bng 1.
Kiu d
M t
Ton hng
liu
STL
LAD
Description
Operands
Data
Types
FOR...NEXT
V d a vo INIT INDX: IW, QW, VW, LW,
MW,SW, SMW, AC, T, C,
gi tr 1, FINAL
INT
gi tr l 10. Lnh
VD, AC, LD.
s thc hin lp
INIT: IW, QW, VW, LW,
FOR
ng
10
ln,
s
ln
FOR
MW,SW, SMW, AC, T, C,
INT
EN ENO
INDX,
lp
c
qun
l
AIW, Constant, VD, AC,
INDX
INIT,
trong t n INDX. LD.
INIT
FINAL
Vt qa 10 ln lnh FINAL: IW, QW, VW,
FINAL
s kt thc v
LW, MW,SW, SMW, AC,
chng trnh tip
INT
T, C, AIW, Constant, VD,
tc thc hin cc
AC, LD.
lnh k tip.
NEXT
NEXT
Lnh kt thc vng

lp.
none
none
106
Hnh 55: V d v cch s dng lnh FOR...NEXT.
14. SIMATIC Shift and Rotate Register Instrutions:

Lm vic vi thanh ghi c nhm lnh sau:
Lnh dch chuyn thanh ghi, trong ny cng c hai nhm:
+ Lnh dch chuyn thanh ghi 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit.
+ Lnh dch chuyn thanh ghi c di tu , c nh ngha trong lnh.
Lnh quay vng thanh ghi, trong ny cng c hai nhm :
+ Lnh quay vng thanh ghi 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit.
+ Lnh quay vng thanh ghi c di tu , c nh ngha trong lnh.
Khi s dng lnh dch chuyn cc bit ca thanh ghi (Byte, Word, DWord) cn ch
cc im sau y:
1. Khng thc hin vic dich chuyn nu s ln y bng 0.
2. Nu s ln y c gi tr ln hn 0, bit nh trn SM1.1 s c gi tr ca bit cui
cng c y ra.
3. Nu s ln y ln hn hoc bng 8 i vi byte, 16 i vi Word, 32 i vi
t kp th lnh s thc hin lnh y ln nht ch bng 8, 16, 32.
4. Lnh SLB (y cc bit ca byte sang tri), SLW (y cc bit ca Word sang
tri) v SLD (y cc bit ca t kp sang tri) s chuyn gi tr 0 vo bit thp
nht ca Byte, Word hoc DWord sau mi ln y. Sau lnh thc hin, bit SM1.1
s c gi tr logic ca bit th 8-N, 16-N hoc 32-N, trong N l s ln y.
5. Lnh SRB (y cc bit ca byte sang phi), SRW (y cc bit ca Word sang
phi) v SRD (y cc bit ca t kp sang phi) s chuyn gi tr 0 vo bit thp
nht ca Byte, Word hoc DWord sau mi ln y. Sau lnh thc hin, bit SM1.1
s c gi tr logic ca bit th N-1, trong N l s ln y.
6. Bit bo kt qu 0 (bit SM1.0) s c gi tr logic bng 1 nu nh sau khi thc
hin lnh y ni dung ca Byte, Word, DWord bng 0.
Khi s dng lnh quay vng cc bit ca thanh ghi (Byte, Word, DWord) cn ch cc
im sau y:
1. Lnh quay thc hinn php y vng trn sang tri hoc sang phi cc bit ca
mt Byte, Word, DWord. Ti mi mt ln quay, gi tr ca cc bit b y ra mt
u ca thanh ghi li c a vo u kia ca thanh ghi .
2. Khng thc hin vic quay vng nu s ln quay bng 0. Hay bng mt bi s
ca 8 (i vi byte), ca 16 (i vi word) v ca 32 (i vi DWord).
3. i vi cc gi tr ca s m ln quay ln hn 8 (i vi byte), ca 16 (i vi
word) v ca 32 (i vi DWord) lnh s thc hin vi s m ln quay mi bng
phn d ca ca php chia tng ng.
4. Khi thc hin lnh quay sang phi RRB (quay cc bit ca byte sang phi),
RRW (quay cc bit ca Word sang phi) v RRD (quay cc bit ca t kp sang
phi), ti mi ln quay gi tr ca bit thp nht c ghi vo bit bo trn
107
SM1.1.Sau khi lnh thc hin, bit SM1.1 s c gi tr logic ca bit th 8-N, 16-N
hoc 32-N, trong N l s m ln quay.
5. Khi thc hin lnh quay sang tri RLB (quay cc bit ca byte sang tri), RLW
(quay cc bit ca Word sang tri) v RLD (quay cc bit ca t kp sang tri), ti
mi ln quay gi tr ca bit thp nht c ghi vo bit bo trn SM1.1.Sau khi
lnh thc hin, bit SM1.1 s c gi tr logic ca bit th N-1, trong N l s m
ln quay.
6. Bit bo kt qu 0 (bit SM1.0) s c gi tr logic bng 1 nu nh sau khi thc
hin lnh quay ni dung ca Byte, Word, DWord bng 0.
Cc lnh dich chuyn hoc quay vng nh hng n kt qu ca cc bit
c bit nh sau:
SM1.2
SM1.0
SM1.1
SM1.3
Lnh
Kiu lnh
(kt qa
(kt qu 0)
(bo trn)
(chia cho 0)
m)
SRB
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SLB
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SRW
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SLW
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SRD
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SLD
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RRB
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RLB
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RRW
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RLW
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RRD
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RLD
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SHRB
khng du
khng
c
khng
khng
Nhng iu sau y ch ng vi cc hm dch chuyn bit ca byte, t n v t kp:
+ Nu b m chuyn dch c gi tr ln hn 0 th bit nh trn SM1.1 c gi tr
logic ca bit cui cng c y ra.
+ Bit bo kt qu 0 SM1.0 c gi tr logic 1 nu sau khi lnh c thc hin, byte,
t hoc t kp c ni dung bng 0.
Nhng iu sau y ch ng vi cc hm dch chuyn bit ca byte, t n v t kp:
+ Nu b m chuyn dch khng pho l b s nguyn ca 8, 16, 32 i vi byte,
Word, DWordthif gi tr ca bit cui cng b y ra ngoi s c gn cho bit
nh trn SM1.1.
+ Nu bit bo kt qu 0 c gi tr logic bng 1 th gi tr ca byte, t hay t kp
bng 0.
Kiu d
M t
Ton hng
STL
LAD
liu
Description
Operands
Data Types
108
Shift Right Byte and Shift Left Byte
SRB OUT,
N
SLB
N
OUT,
SRW OUT,
N
Lnh dch phi

hay lnh dch tri
thc hin dch
IN: IB, QB, MB,
chuyn cc bit
SHR_B
EN ENO
ca Byte u vo SMB, VB, SB, LB,
IN i N ln sang AC, Constant, VD,
IN OUT
N
phi hay tri. kt AC, LD.
qu c lu vo
u ra OUT.
Lnh shift in
OUT: IB, QB, MB,
gi tr zero vo
SMB, VB, SB, LB,
cc
bit
va
b
SHL_B
AC, VD, AC, LD.
EN ENO
dch chuyn i,
IN OUT
bit cui cng b
N
dch chuyn ra s N: IB, QB, MB, SMB,
c a vo bit VB, SB, LB, AC,
bo trn SM1.1.
Constant, VD, AC,
Bit bo kt qu 0 LD.
s c set ln 1
nu gi tr ca
byte dch chuyn
l 0.
Shift Right Word and Shift Left Word
Lnh dch phi
IN: IW, QW, VW,
hay lnh dch tri LW, MW,SW, SMW,
thc hin dch
AIW ,AC, T, C,
SHR_W
EN ENO
chuyn cc bit
Constant, VD, AC,
ca Word u
IN OUT
LD.
N
vo IN i N ln
sang phi hay
tri. kt qu c
lu vo u ra
OUT: IW, QW, VW,
OUT.
LW, MW,SW, SMW,
Lnh shift in
AC, T, C, VD, AC,
Byte
Word
109
SLW OUT,
N
STL
SHL_W
EN ENO
IN OUT
N
LAD
gi tr zero vo
cc bit va b
dch chuyn i,
bit cui cng b
dch chuyn ra s
c a vo bit
bo trn SM1.1.
Bit bo kt qu 0
s c set ln 1
nu gi tr ca
Word dch
chuyn l 0.
M t
Description
AC, T, C, VD, AC,

LD.
N: IB, QB, MB, SMB,

VB, SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD, AC,
LD.
Ton hng
Operands
Byte
Kiu d liu
Data Types
Shift Right Double Word and Shift Left Double Word
110
SRD OUT,
N
SLD OUT,
N
Lnh dch phi

hay lnh dch tri
thc hin dch
IN: VD, ID, QD, MD,
chuyn cc bit
SHR_DW
EN ENO
LD, SD, HC, SMD,
ca t kp u
vo IN i N ln
IN OUT
AC, Constant, VD,
N
sang phi hay
AC, LD.
DWord
tri. kt qu c
lu vo u ra
OUT.
OUT: VD, ID, QD,
Lnh shift in
MD, LD, SD, SMD,
gi tr zero vo
AC, VD, AC, LD.
SHL_DW
cc
bit
va
b
EN ENO
dch chuyn i,
IN OUT
N
bit cui cng b
N: IB, QB, MB, SMB,
Byte
dch chuyn ra s VB, SB, LB, AC,
c a vo bit Constant, VD, AC,
bo trn SM1.1.
LD.
Bit bo kt qu 0
s c set ln 1
nu gi tr ca t
kp dch chuyn
l 0.
Rotate Right Byte and Rotate Left Byte
111
RRB OUT,
N
ROR_B
EN ENO
IN OUT
N
ROL_B
EN ENO
RLB OUT,
N
IN OUT
N
Lnh quay vng sang

phi hay lnh quay
vng sang tri thc hin
dch chuyn cc bit ca
byte u vo IN i N
ln sang phi hay tri.
kt qu c lu vo
u ra OUT. Ti mi
ln quay, gi tr ca bit
cui cng (bit 0) c
a vo bit SM1.1 ng
thi a vo bit u
tin (bit 7) ca byte
nu l quay phi, cn
ngc li i vi lnh
quay tri. Bit bo kt
qu 0 s c gi tr bng
1 nu gi tr trong byte
bng 0.
IN: IB, QB,

MB, SMB, VB,
SB, LB, AC,
VD, AC,
LD.
OUT: IB, QB,
MB, SMB, VB,
SB, LB, AC,
VD, AC,
LD.
N: IB, QB, MB,
SMB, VB, SB,
LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD.
Rotate Right Word and Rotate Left Word

IN: IW, QW,
Lnh quay vng sang
VW, LW,
phi hay lnh quay
ROL_W
vng sang tri thc hin MW,SW,
EN ENO
RRW OUT,
dch chuyn cc bit ca SMW, AIW
IN OUT
N
t n u vo IN i N ,AC, T, C,
N
Constant, VD,
kt qu c lu vo
AC, LD.
u ra OUT. Ti mi
OUT: IW, QW,
ln quay, gi tr ca bit VW, LW,
cui cng (bit 0) c
ROL_W
MW,SW,
EN ENO
a vo bit SM1.1 ng SMW, AC, T,
IN OUT
RLW OUT,
thi a vo bit u
C, VD, AC,
N
N
tin (bit 7) ca byte LD.
nu l quay phi, cn
ngc li i vi lnh
N: IB, QB, MB,
quay tri. Bit bo kt
SMB, VB, SB,
qu 0 s c gi tr bng LB, AC,
1 nu gi tr trong t
Constant, VD,
n bng 0.
AC, LD.
Rotate Right Double Word and Rotate Left Double Word
Byte
Word
Byte
112
ROL_DW
EN ENO
RRD OUT,
N
IN OUT
N
ROL_DW
EN ENO
RLD OUT,
N
IN OUT
N
Lnh quay vng sang

phi hay lnh quay
vng sang tri thc hin
dch chuyn cc bit ca
t kp u vo IN i N
kt qu c lu vo
u ra OUT. Ti mi
ln quay, gi tr ca bit
cui cng (bit 0) c
a vo bit SM1.1 ng
thi a vo bit u
tin (bit 7) ca t kp
nu l quay phi,
cn ngc li i vi
lnh quay tri. Bit bo
kt qu 0 s c gi tr
bng 1 nu gi tr trong
t kp bng 0.
IN: VD, ID,

QD, MD, LD,
HC, SMD, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD.
DWord
OUT: VD, ID,
QD, MD, LD,
SMD, AC,
VD, AC,
LD.
Byte
N: IB, QB, MB,

SMB, VB, LB,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC,
LD.
113
Hnh 56: V d v cch s dng lnh dch chuyn v quay vng thanh ghi
Lnh lm vic vi thanh ghi c di tu :
Lnh thuc nhm ny cung cp mt phng php ni tip v iu khin dng sn
phm hoc d liu. Thanh ghi c xc nh trong lnh bi ton hng S_BIT ch a ch
bit thp ca thanh ghi v di l gi tr tuyt i ca ton hng N trong lnh (ngha l
thanh ghi c di |N| bit). D liu c chuyn vo trong thanh ghi c tn l DATA
(DATA = Bool), mt ln trong mt vng qut.
S_BIT l bit thp nht ca thanh ghi, nu gi cao nht trong thanh ghi l MSB.b
th MSB.b s c tnh theo cng thc sau:
MSB.b = [(byte ca S_BIT) + phn nguyn ca(|N| - 1 + bit ca S_BIT)/8].[phn cn
tha ca php chia 8]
L do tr i 1 bi v S-BIT chim mt 1 bit ca thanh ghi.
V d S_BIT l V33.4 v N = 14 th MSB.b s l:
MSB.b = [(33) + (|14| - 1 + 4)/8].remainder of the division by 8
= (33 + 2).remainder of the division by 8
= 35.1
MSB.b l : V35.1
Chiu thc hin php dch chuyn ph thuc vo du ca ton hng N trong lnh.
Min gi tr cho php ca ton hng N l: -64 N 64.
114
Nu N dng th php dch chuyn l php dch tri, gi tr ca DATA c

chuyn vo bit thp nht, gi tr logic trong bit cao nht b y ra ngoi (vo bit bo trn
SM1.1). Ngc li N l m th php dch chuyn l php dch phi, gi tr ca DATA
c chuyn vo bit cao nht, gi tr logic trong bit thp nht b y ra ngoi (vo bit bo
trn SM1.1).
SHRB Lnh dch chuyn cc bit ca thanh ghi mt v tr trong mt vng qut. Thanh ghi
c xo trong lnh bng cc ton hng S_BIT ch a ch bit thp trong thanh ghi v |N|
ch di thanh ghi. Gi tr logic ca bit b y ra khi thanh ghi c ghi vo bit bo
trn SM1.1.
Ton hng
Kiu d liu
STL
LAD
Operands
Data Types
Shift Register Bit
DATA, S_BIT:
I, Q, V, M, SM, T,
Bool
C,
S,
L.
ROL_DW
EN
SHRB
DATA,
S_BIT, N
ENO
S_BIT OUT
DATA
N
N: IB, QB, MB,

SMB, VB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD.
Byte
Hnh 57: M t hng dch chuyn ca thanh ghi vi ton hng m v dng.
115
Hnh 58: V d v cch s dng lnh dch chuyn thanh ghi c di bt k.

15. SIMATIC Interupt and Comunication Instrutions:
Cc ch ngt v x l ngt cho php thc hin cc qu trnh tc cao, phn
ng kp thi vi cc s kin bn trong v bn ngoi.
Nguyn tc c bn ca mt ch ngt cng ging nh thc hin vic gi mt
chng trnh con, ch khc nhau y l chng trnh con c gi ch ng bng lnh
gi chng trnh con CALL, cn chng trnh x l ngt c gi b ng bng tn hiu
bo ngt.
Khi c mt tn hiu bo ngt, h thng s t chc thc hin gi v thc hin
chng trnh con tng ng vi tn hiu ngt , hay ni cch khc l h thng s t chc
x l tn hiu bo ngt . Chng trnh con ny c gi l chng trnh x l ngt.
Do vic gi chng trnh x l ngt bng mt tn hiu bo ngt m thi im xut
hin tn hiu bo ngt hon ton b ng, bi vy h thng s phi h tr thm cho cng
vic x l ngt nh: ct gi ni dung ngn xp, ni dung thanh ghi AC v cc bit nh c
bit; t chc xp hng u tin cho cc tn hiu x l ngt trong trng hp chng cha
kp thi x l.
116
Bng lit k cc tn hiu bo ngt tng ng vi tng loi CPU 21x:

Kiu
CPU
CPU
CPU
M t tn hiu ngt
ngt
212
214
215_2DP
0
Y
Y
Y
Ngt theo sn ln ca I0.0
1
Y
Y
Y
Ngt theo sn xung ca I0.0
2
Y
Y
3
Y
Y
4
Y
Y
5
Y
Y
6
Y
Y
7
Y
Y
8
Ngt nhn k t Port 0
Y
Y
Y
Ngt bo vic truyn d liu hon
9
Y
Y
Y
tt Port 0
10 Ngt thi gian 0
Y
Y
Y
11 Ngt thi gian 1
Y
Y
Ngt theo HSC0, khi gi tr tc thi bng
12
Y
Y
Y
gi tr t trc.
13
Y
Y
Y
gi tr t trc.
Ngt theo HSC1, khi c tn hiu bo i
14
Y
Y
hng m t bn ngoi.
Ngt theo HSC1, khi c tn hiu Reset t
15
Y
Y
ngoi
16
Y
Y
gi tr t trc.
Ngt theo HSC2, khi c tn hiu bo i
17
Y
Y
hng m t bn ngoi.
Ngt theo HSC2, khi c tn hiu Reset t
18
Y
Y
ngoi
19 PLS0 Ngt bo hon tt vic m xung
Y
Y
Y
Y
Ngt theo b nh thi T32, khi gi tc
21
Y
thi CT=PT.
Ngt theo b nh thi T96, khi gi tc
22
Y
thi CT=PT.
Ngt bo hon tt vic nhn 1 gi tin
23
Y
Port 0
Ngt bo hon tt vic nhn 1 gi tin
24
Port 1
25 Ngt nhn k t Port 1
26 Ngt bo vic truyn d liu hon
117
CPU
216
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
tt Port 1
Nu khai bo kiu ngt 12 (HSC0, PV=CV) th hai ku ngt 0 v 1 b v hiu ho.
Ngc li, nu s dng kiu ngt 0 v 1 th kiu ngt 12 b v hiu ho.
Bng lit k cc tn hiu bo ngt tng ng vi tng loi CPU 22x:
Ki
CPU CPU
u
M t tn hiu ngt
221
222
ngt
0 Ngt theo sn ln ca I0.0
Y
Y
1 Ngt theo sn xung ca I0.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
8 Ngt nhn k t Port 0
Y
Y
Ngt bo vic truyn d liu hon tt
9
Y
Y
Port 0
10 Ngt thi gian 0, SNB34
Y
Y
11 Ngt thi gian 1, SMB35
Y
Y
Ngt theo HSC0, khi gi tr tc thi bng gi tr
12
Y
Y
t trc CV=PV.
13
t trc CV=PV.
Ngt theo HSC1, khi c tn hiu bo i hng
14
m t bn ngoi.
15 Ngt theo HSC1, khi c tn hiu Reset t ngoi
16
t trc CV=PV.
17
m t bn ngoi.
18 Ngt theo HSC2, khi c tn hiu Reset t ngoi
Y
Y
Y
Y
Ngt theo b nh thi T32, khi gi tc thi
21
Y
Y
CT=PT.
Ngt theo b nh thi T96, khi gi tc thi
22
Y
Y
CT=PT.
23 Ngt bo hon tt vic nhn 1 gi tin Port 0
Y
Y
24 Ngt bo hon tt vic nhn 1 gi tin Port 1
CPU
214,
224XP
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
CPU
226,
226XM
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
118
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Ngt nhn k t Port 1

Ngt bo vic truyn d liu hon tt
Port 1
m t bn ngoi.
Ngt theo HSC0, khi c tn hiu Reset t ngoi
t trc CV=PV.
m t bn ngoi.
Ngt theo HSC4, khi c tn hiu Reset t ngoi
t trc CV=PV.
t trc CV=PV.
Y
Y
Y
Th t u tin (priority) v hng i (Queuing) ca cc kiu ngt:

Th t u tin ca cc kiu ngt khc nhau c cng ho t trc theo
nguyn tc tn hiu no c trc th x l trc. Nu cng mt lc c nhiu tn hiu bo
ngt th h thng s sp hng i theo th t u tin sau:
Nhm ngt truyn thng (ni tip).
Nhm ngt vo ra(k c ngt cho b m HSC v ngt truyn xung).
Nhm cc tn hiu bo ngt thi gian.
Ti mi thi im ch c 1 chng trnh x l ngt c thc hin. Cng ni thm
rng, nhm ngt truyn thng c v tr u tin cao nht v ngt thi gian c v tr u tin
thp nht nhng khi h thng ang x l ngt thi gian m c tn hiu bo nht thi gian
th h thng vn tip tc x l n khi kt thc mpi tip tc x l ngt truyn thng.
Bng hng i ln nht m tng CPU c th c:
Nhm u tin
212
214
215
216 221 222 224 226
Ngt truyn thng
4
4
4
8
4
4
4
8
Ngt vo ra
4
16
16
16
16
16
16 16
Ngt thi gian
2
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
Ring i vi tn hiu bo ngt truyn thng, mc d cha c x l, nhng k t
nhn c cng bit kim tra chn l vn c ghi nh li trong b m km theo ng
th t ca tn hiubo ngt.
bit Start 7 hoc 8 bit ca k t
Parity
Stop
Khi hng i y th bit bo trn tng ng cho tng nhm ngt s set ln 1:
Nhm u tin
Bit bo trn
Ngt truyn thng
SM4.0
Ngt vo ra
SM4.1
Ngt thi gian
SM4.2
119
Cng vi vic chuyn vo ch RUN ca PLC, tt c cc ch ngt trc

khai bo trc s t ng hu (v hiu ho). N c kch li bng lnh ENI (kch
ngt ton cc).
Khai bo mt ch ngt phi thc hin hai vic:
1. Kch tn hiu bo ngt cho ch ngt tng ng (bng cch khai bo t ton
hng EVENT) bng lnh ATCH.
2. Sau son tho ni dung ca chng trnh ngt trong khi INT_x.
C th gp nhiu tn hiu bo ngt vo cng mt chng trnh (chnh hoc con)
nhng mt tn hiu bo ngt ch c duy nht mt chng trnh x l ngt. Khi hu tn
hiu ngt bng lnh DISI th cc ngt vn tip tc nm vo hng i cho n khi chng
c kch kli bng lnh ENI.
STL
ATCH INT,
EVENT
DTCH
EVENT
ENI
DISI
CRETI
LAD
ATCH
EN
INT
EVENT
DTCH
EN
EVENT
ENI
M t
Description
Attach Interupt
Lnh khai bo
ngt m hiu
INT (khi
ngt), Kiu ngt
EVENT
Detach Interupt
Lnh hu ngt
cc b tng
ng vi kiu
ngt EVENT.
Enable Interupt
Lnh kch ngt
ton cc.
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d liu
Data Types
INT: 0 127
EVENT: xem
bng lit k cc
tn hiu bo
ngt tng ng
vi tng loi
CPU
Byte
EVENT: xem
bng lit k cc
tn hiu bo
ngt tng ng
vi tng loi
CPU
Byte
none
none
Disable Interupt
Lnh hu tt c
DISI
cc ngt cng
none
mt lc.
Conditional Return from Interupt
Lnh thot tc
none
thi khi
trnh
chng
CRETI
none
none
120
RETI
RETI
ngt khi chng

trnh ngt cha
kt thc.
Return from Interupt
Lnh kt thc
chng trnh x
l ngt, cui
chng trnh.
none
none
Chng trnh x l ngt:

Cng nh chng trnh con, mi chng trnh x l ngt c mt nhn ring c
nh du ti im u ca chng trnh. Nhn ny wocj khsi bo bng lnh INT.
Tt c cc lnh nm gia nhn cu chng trnh x l ngt v lnh quay v khng
iu kin RETI ca chng trnh x l ngt u thuc v ni dung ca chng trnh x l
ngt. C th kt thc chng trnh x l ngt sm hn bng lnh CRETI, nhng lnh
RETI vn l lnh kt thc ca chng trnh x l ngt. Nhng lnh ny khng khng cn
khai bo v chng trnh STEP t ng khai bo ging nh lnh MEND (kt thc
chng trnh chnh), lnh RET (lnh kt thc chng trnh con).
Chng trnh x l ngt cn phi c vit ti u, cng nhanh cng tt, khng nn
thc hin chng trnh x l ngt qu lu.
Khng c s dng cc lnh sau trong CTXLN: DISI, ENI, CALL, HDEF,
FOR...NEXT, END.
121
Hnh 59: V d v cch t chc mt chng trnh x l ngt.

Ngt tryn thngni tip:
Cng truyn thng ni tip ca PLC c th iu khn bng chng trnh vit
trong LAD, STL. Chng trnh iu khin ny gi l u khin cng t do (Freeport
Control). Trc khi thc hin qu trnh truyn thng, cc vn sau y cn phi c
thc hin:
Kiu bin bn truyn/nhn (giao thc truyn_Protocol).
Tc truyn/nhn tn hiu.
S bit c truyn cho 1 k t (7 or 8 bit).
Ch kim tra li (cho k t nhn) chn l Parity.
Tt c cc vn ny wocj nh ngha trong byte c bit SMB30 sau:
Hnh 60: M t byte nh ngha vic truyn thng ni tip.

! Khi truyn thng ch Freeport th PLC khng lm vic vi my lp trnh PG.
Byte SMB2 lm b m ghi nh k t nhn c
Bit SM3.0 dng kim tra li chn l k t nhn c, nu c li chn l
c pht hin th SM3.0 set ln 1.
S dng thng bo vic truyn thng hon tt.
Cc vn v gi/nhn message c m t nh sau:
Trm A
Trm
gi d liu
Port
RS485
chng trnh x l ngt

EVENT 8
SMB2
Bufer Recive
SM3.0
Parity test
Vng mong
mun
122
Hnh 61: M t cch nhn message ca PLC.
123
IU KHIN LOGIC V PLC
TS. NGUYN NH HIN, TS. NGUYN MNH TNG
IU KHIN LOGIC V PLC

Sch chuyn kho dng cho o to i hc v Sau i hc
ngnh iu khin & T ng ho
NH XUT BN KHOA HC T NHIN V CNG NGH

H NI - 2007
MC LC
Ni dung
Trang
CHNG 1 : L THUYT C S
1.1 Nhng khi nim c bn......................................................................................... 3
1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic .................................................................. 8
1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic ........................................................... 11
1.4. Cc h mch logic ............................................................................................... 15
1.5. Grafcet - m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip ........................................... 17
CHNG 2: MT S NG DNG MCH LOGIC TRONG IU KHIN

2.l. Cc thit b iu khin.......................................................................................... 27
2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc ........................................................ 28
2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun.............................. 32
2.4. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu ..................................................................... 34
CHNG 3: L LUN CHUNG V IU KHIN LOGIC LP TRNH PLC

3.1. M u................................................................................................................. 36
3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC.............................................................. 37
3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh ........................................................................................ 41
3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC ...................................................................... 47
CHNG 4: B IU KHIN PLC CPM1A

4.l. Cu hnh cng....................................................................................................... 49
4.2. Ghp ni .............................................................................................................. 53
4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh............................................................................................... 54
CHNG 5: B IU KHIN PLC - S5
5.l. Cu to ca h PLC Step5.................................................................................... 58
5.2. a ch v gn a ch .......................................................................................... 59
5.3. Vng i tng.................................................................................................... 61
5.4. Cu trc ca chng trnh S5 .............................................................................. 62
5.5. Bng lnh ca S5 - 95U....................................................................................... 63
5.6. C php mt s lnh c bn ca S5..................................................................... 64
CHNG 6: B IU KHIN PLC - S7-20
6.1. Cu hnh cng...................................................................................................... 74
6.2. Cu trc b nh ................................................................................................... 77
6.3. Chng trnh ca S7-200..................................................................................... 79
6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7-200 ............................................................ 80

7.l. Cu hnh cng....................................................................................................... 83
7.2. Vng i tng.................................................................................................... 86
7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh............................................................................................... 88
7.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ............................................................................... 89
PH LC 1 CC PHN MM LP TRNH PLC
1. Tp trnh cho OMRON............................................................................................. 98
2. Lp trnh cho PLC - S5........................................................................................... 105
3. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7200..................................................................................... 111
4. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7-300 ................................................................................... 116
PH LC 2 BNG LNH CA CC PHN MM PLC
1. BNG LNH CA PLC CPM1A ......................................................................... 121
2. BNG LNH CA PLC - S5................................................................................ 125
3. BNG LNH CA PLC - S7-200 ........................................................................ 128
4. BNG LNH CA PLC S7-300........................................................................... 135
TI LIU THAM KHO
PHN 1 : LOGIC HAI TRNG THI V NG DNG

CHNG 1 : L THUYT C S
1.1 Nhng khi nim c bn
1. Khi nim v logic hai trng thi
Trong cuc sng cc s vt v hin tng thng biu din hai trng thi i
lp, thng qua hai trng thi i lp r rt ca n con ngi nhn thc c s vt v
hin tng mt cch nhanh chng bng cch phn bit hai trng thi . Chng hn
nh ni nc sch v bn, gi c t v r, nc si v khng si, hc sinh hc gii v
dt, kt qu tt v xu...
Trong k thut, c bit l k thut in v iu khin, thng c khi nim v
hai trng thi: ng v ct nh ng in v ct in, ng my v ngng my...
Trong ton hc, lng ho hai trng thi i lp ca s vt v hin tng
ngi ta dng hai gi tr: 0 v 1. Gi tr 0 hm c trng cho mt trng thi ca s
vt hoc hin tng, gi tr 1 c trng cho trng thi i lp ca s vt v hin tng
. Gi cc gi tr 0 hoc 1 l cc gi tr logic.
Cc nh bc hc xy dng cc c s ton hc tnh ton cc hm v cc bin
ch ly hai gi tr 0 v 1 ny, hm v bin c gi l hm v bin logic, c s ton
hc tnh ton hm v bin logic gi l i s logic. i s logic cng c tn l i
s Boole v ly tn nh ton hc c cng u trong vic xy dng nn cng c i s
ny. i s logic l cng c ton hc phn tch v tng hp cc h thng thit b v
mch s. N nghin cu cc mi quan h gia cc bin s trng thi logic. Kt qu
nghin cu th hin l mt hm trng thi cng ch nhn hai gi tr 0 hoc 1 .
2. Cc hm logic c bn
Mt hm y = f(x1, x2, xn) vi cc bin x1, x2, xn ch nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1 v
hm y cng ch nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1 th gi l hm logic.
Hm logic mt bin: y = f(x)
Vi bin x s nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1, nn hm y c 4 kh nng hay thng gi
l 4 hm yo, y1, y2, y3 cc kh nng v cc k hiu mch rle v in t ca hm mt
bin nh trong bng 1.1
Bng 1.1
Trong cc hm trn hai hm yo v y3 lun c gi tr khng i nn t c quan

tm, thng ch xt hai hm y1 v y2
Hm logic hai bin y = f (x1, x2)
Vi hai bin logic x1, x2 mi bin nhn hai gi tr 0 v 1, nh vy c 16 t hp
logic to thnh 16 hm. Cc hm ny c th hin trn bng 1.2
Bng 1.2
Cc hm i xng nhau qua trc nm gia gia bng 1.2 l: y7 v y8, ngha l
Hm logic n bin y = f (x1, x2, xn )
Vi hm logic n bin, mi bin nhn mt trong hai gi tr 0 hoc 1 nn vi hm
logic n bin c 2n t hp bin, mi t hp bin li nhn hai gi tr 0 hoc 1, do vy s
hm logic tng l 22. Do , vi 1 bin c 4 kh nng to hm, vi 2 bin c 16 kh
nng to hm, vi 3 bin c 256 kh nng to hm. Nh vy, khi s bin tng th s
hm c kh nng to thnh rt ln.
Trong tt c cc hm c to thnh c bit ch n hai loi hm l hm tng
chun v hm tch chun. Hm tng chun l hm cha tng cc tch m mi tch c
tt c cc bin ca hm. Hm tch chun l hm cha tch cc tng m mi tng u
6
c tt c cc bin ca hm.
3. Cc php tnh c bn
Ngi ta xy dng ba php tnh c bn gia cc bin logic l:
1. Php ph nh (o): k hiu bng du "-" pha trn k hiu ca bin.
2. Php cng (tuyn): k hiu bng du "+". (song song).
3. Php nhn (hi): k hiu bng du ".". (ni tip).
4. Tnh cht v mt s h thc c bn
4.1. Cc tnh cht
Tnh cht ca i s logic c th hin bn lut c bn l: lut hon v, lut
kt hp, lut phn phi v lut nghch o.
+ Lut hon v:
x1 + x2 = x2 + x1
+ Lut kt hp:
x1 + x2 + x3 = (x1 + x2 ) + x3 = x1 + (x2 + x3 )
x1.x2.x3 = (x1.x2).x3 = x1.(x2.x3)
+ Lut phn phi:
(x1 + x2).x3 = x1.x3 + x2.x3
x1 + x2.x3 = (x1+x2) . (x1+x3)
C th minh ho kim chng tnh ng n ca lut phn phi bng cch lp
bng 1.3.
Bng 1.3
x1
x2
x3
(x1+x2) . (x1 +x3)
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
x1 + x2.x3
Lut phn phi c th hin qua s rle hnh 1.1 :
Hnh 1.1. Th hin lut phn phi

+ Lut nghch o:
Cng minh ho tnh ng n ca lut nghch o bng cch thnh lp bng 1.4.
7
Bng 1.4
Lut nghch o c th hin qua mch rle nh trn hnh 1.2:
Lut nghch o tng qut c th hin bng nh l De Morgan:
4.2. Cc h thc c bn
Mt s h thc c bn thng dng trong i s logic c cho bng 1.5.
Bng 1.5
1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic

C th biu din hm logic theo bn cch l: biu din bng bng trng thi, biu
din bng phng php hnh hc, biu din bng biu thc i s, biu din bng bng
Karnaugh (ba Can).
8
1. Phng php biu din bng bng trng thi

phng php ny cc gi tr ca hm c trnh by trong mt bng. Nu hm
c n bin th bng c n + 1 ct (n ct cho bin v 1 ct cho hm) v 2n hng tng ng
vi 2n t hp ca bin. Bng ny thng gi l bng trng thi hay bng chn l.
V d: Mt hm 3 bin y = f(x1, x2, x3) vi gi tr ca hm cho trc c biu din
thnh bng 1.6:
Bng 1.6
TT t hp bin
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
x1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
x2
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
x3
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
y
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
u im ca phng php biu din bng bng l d nhn, t nhm ln, nhc
im l cng knh, c bit khi s bin ln.
2. Phng php biu din hnh hc
Vi phng php hnh hc hm n bin c biu din trong khng gian n chiu,
t hp bin c biu din thnh mt im trong khng gian, phng php ny rt
phc tp khi s bin ln nn thng t dng.
3. Phng php biu din bng biu thc i s
Ngi ta chng minh c rng, mt hm logic n bin bt k bao gi cng c th
biu din thnh cc hm tng chun y v tch chun y .
Cch vit hm di dng tng chun y
- Hm tng chun y ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr bng 1
S ln hm bng 1 s chnh l s tch ca cc t hp bin.
- Trong mi tch, cc bin c gi tr bng 1 c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c gi
tr bng 0 th c ly gi tr o; ngha l nu xi = 1 th trong biu thc tch s c
vit l xi, cn nu xi =0 th trong biu thc tch c vit l xi. Cc tch ny cn gi l
cc mintec v k hiu l m.
- Hm tng chun y s l tng ca cc tch .
V d: Vi hm ba bin bng 1.6 trn, c hm dng tng chun y l:
Cch vit hm di dng tch chun y

- Hm tch chun y ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr bng 0
9
S ln hm bng khng s chnh l s tng ca cc t hp bin.

Trong mi tng cc bin c gi tr 0 c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c gi tr 1
c ly o; ngha l nu xi = 0 th trong biu thc tng s c vit l xi, cn nu xi
= 1 th trong biu thc tng c vit bng xi. Cc tng c bn cn c gi tn l cc
Maxtec k hiu M.
- Hm tch chun u s l tch ca cc tng .
V d: Vi hm ba bin bng 1.6 trn, c hm dng tch chun y l:
4. Phng php biu din bng bng Karnaugh (ba can)

Nguyn tc xy dng bng Karnaugh l:
- biu din hm logic n bin cn thnh lp mt bng c 2n , mi tng ng
vi mt t hp bin. nh s th t cc trong bng tng ng vi th t cc t hp
bin.
- Cc cnh nhau hoc i xng nhau ch cho php khc nhau v gi tr ca 1
bin.
- Trong cc ghi gi tr ca hm tng ng vi gi tr t hp bin.
V d l: Bng Karnaugh cho hm ba bin bng 1.6 nh bng 1.7 sau:
V d 2: Bng Karnaugh cho hm bn bin nh bng 1.8 sau:
10
1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic

Trong qu trnh phn tch v tng hp mch logic, phi quan tm n vn ti
thiu ho hm logic. Bi v, cng mt gi tr hm logic c th c nhiu hm khc nhau,
nhiu cch biu din khc nhau nhng ch tn ti mt cch biu din gn nht, ti u
v s bin v s s hng hay tha s c gi l dng ti thiu. Vic ti thiu ho hm
logic l a chng t mt dng bt k v dng ti thiu. Ti thiu ho hm logic mang
ngha kinh t v k thut ln, c bit khi tng hp cc mch logic phc tp. Khi
chn c mt s ti gin s c s bin (thit b) cng nh cc kt ni (thit b) ti
gin, gim c chi ph vt t cng nh gim ng k xc sut hng hc do s phn t
nhiu.
V d: Hai s hnh 1.3a v hnh 1.3b u c chc nng nh nhau, nhng s a s
tip im cn l 3, ng thi cn thm 1 rle trung gian p, trong khi s b ch cn
2 tip im, khng cn rle trung gian.
Thc cht vic ti thiu ho hm logic l tm dng biu din i s n gin nht
ca hm v thng c hai nhm phng php l:
- Phng php bin i i s.
- Phng php dng thut ton.
1. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic bng bin i i s
phng php ny cn da vo cc tnh cht v cc h thc c bn ca i s
Boole thc hin ti gin cc hm logic. Nhng do tnh trc quan ca phng php
nn nhiu khi kt qu a ra vn khng khng nh r c l ti thiu hay cha.
Nh vy, y khng phi l phng php cht ch cho qu trnh ti thiu ho.
V d: Cho hm
2. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic dng thut ton

Phng php dng bng Karnaugh
y l phng php thng dng v n gin nht, nhng ch tin hnh c vi
h c s bin n 6. phng php ny cn quan st v x l trc tip trn bng
Karnaugh.
11
Quy tc ca phng php l: nu c 2n c gi tr 1 nm k nhau hp thnh mt

khi vung hay ch nht th c th thay 2n ny bng mt ln vi s lng bin
gim i n ln. Nh vy, bn cht ca phng php l tm cc k nhau cha gi tr 1
(cc c gi tr hm khng xc nh cng gn cho gi tr 1) sao cho lp thnh hnh
vung hay ch nht cng ln cng tt. Cc bin nm trong khu vc ny b loi b l
cc bin c gi tr bin i, cc bin c dng l cc bin c gi tr khng bin i
(ch l 0 hoc l).
Quy lc ny p dng theo th t gim dn ln cc , sao cho cui cng ton
b cc cha gi tr 1 u c bao ph. Cng c th tin hnh ti thiu theo gi tr 0
ca hm nu s lng ca n t hn nhiu so vi gi tr 1, lc by gi hm l hm ph
nh.
V d: Ti thiu hm
+ Lp bng Karnaugh c nh bng 1.9. Bng Karnaugh c 3 bin vi 6 mintec

c gi tr 1.
Bng 1.9
+Tm nhm cc (hnh ch nht) cha cc c gi tr bng 1, c hai nhm,

nhm A v nhm B.
+ Loi bt cc bin cc nhm: Nhm A c bin z = 1 khng i vy n c
gi li cn hai bin x v y thay i theo tng ct do vy mintec mi A ch cn bin z:
A = z. Nhm B c bin x v z thay i, cn bin y khng i vy mintec mi B ch
cn bin y : B = y .
Kt qu ti thiu ho l: f = a+b = z+y.
Phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey
y l phng php c tnh tng qut, cho php ti thiu ho mi hm logic vi
s lng bin ln.
a. Mt s nh ngha
+ nh: l mt tch cha y cc bin ca hm, nu hm c n bin th nh l
tch ca n bin.
nh 1 l nh m hm c gi tr bng 1 .
nh 0 l nh m hm c gi tr bng 0.
12
nh khng xc nh l nh m ti hm c th ly mt trong hai gi tr 0 hoc

1.
+ Tch cc tiu: l tch c s bin l cc tiu hm c gi tr bng 1 hoc khng
xc nh.
+ Tch quan trng: l tch cc tiu m gi tr hm ch duy nht bng 1 tch ny.
b. Ti thiu ho bng phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey
r phng php hy xt v d minh ho, ti thiu ho hm f(x1,x2,x3,x4) Vi
Cc nh bng 1 l L = 2, 3, 7, 12, 14, 15 v cc nh c gi tr hm khng xc nh l
N = 6, 13. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
Bc 1: Tm cc tch cc tiu
Lp bng biu din cc gi tr hm bng 1 v cc gi tr khng xc nh ng vi
m nh phn ca cc bin theo th t s s 1 tng dn (bng 1.10a.
Xp thnh tng nhm theo s lng ch s 1 vi th t tng dn. (bng 1.10b
c 4 nhm: nhm 1 c 1 s cha 1 ch s 1 ; nhm 2 gm 3 s cha 2 ch s 1 ;
nhm 3 gm 3 s cha 3 ch s 1, nhm 4 c 1 s cha 4 ch s 1).
So snh mi t hp th i vi t hp th i + 1, nu hai t hp ch khc nhau
mt ct th kt hp 2 t hp thnh mt t hp mi, ng thi thay ct s
khc nhau ca 2 t hp c bng mt gch ngang (-) v nh du v vo hai t
hp c (bng 1.10c). V c s ton hc, y thu gn cc t hp dng
tnh cht:
C tip tc c ng vic, t bng 1.10c chn ra cc t hp ch khc nhau 1 ch s

1 v c cng v tr gch ngang (-) trong mt ct, ngha l c cng bin va c
gin c bng 1.10c, nh vy c bng 1.10d.
Bng 1.10
a
S thp
phn
C s 2
x1x2x3x4
0010
0011
6*
12
7
13 *
14
15
0110
1100
0111
1101
1110
1111
b
S ch S thp C s 2
s 1
phn
x1x2x3x4
1
2
c
Lin
x1x2x3x4
kt
0010v
2,3
001-v
0011v
2,6
0-10v
6
12
7
13
14
15
0110v
1100v
0111v
1101v
1110v
1111v
3,7
6,7
6,14
12,13
12,14
7,15
13,15
14,15
0-11v
011-v
-110v
110-v
110v
-111v
11-1v
111-v
d
Lin kt
2,3,6,7
2,6,3,7
6,7,14,15
6,14,7,15
12,13,14,15
x1x2x3x4
0-1-1111- -
13
Qu trnh tip tc cho n khi khng cn kh nng kt hp na. Cc t hp tm

c bng 1.10d l t hp cui cng, cc t hp ny khng cn kh nng kt hp
na, y chnh l cc tch cc tiu ca hm cho. Theo th t x1x2x3x4, cc xk v tr
c du (-) c lc b, cc xk v tr gi tr 0 c ly nghch o, cc tch cc tiu
trong v d c vit nh sau:
0-1- (ph cc nh 2, 3, 6, 7) ng vi: x1x3.
-11- (ph cc nh 6, 7, 14, 15) ng vi: x2x3.
1 1- - (ph cc nh 12, 13, 14, 15 ) ng vi : x1x2.
Bc 2: Tm cc tch quan trng
Vic tm cc tch quan trng cng c tin hnh theo cc bc nh.
Gi Li l tp cc nh 1 ang xt bc nh th i, lc ny khng quan tm n
cc nh c gi tr khng xc nh na.
Zi l tp cc tch cc tiu ang bc nh th i.
Ei l tp cc tch quan trng bc nh th i.
Vi i = 0
Xc nh cc tch quan trng Eo t tp Lo v Zo nh sau:

+ Lp bng trong mi hng ng vi mt tch cc tiu thuc Zo mi ct ng
vi mt nh thuc Lo. nh du "x" vo cc trong bng ng vi tch cc tiu bng
1.11 (tch x1x3 ng vi cc nh 2, 3, 7; tch x2x3 ng vi cc nh 7, 14, 5; tch x1x2
ng vi cc nh 12, 14, 15 bng 1.10).
Bng 1.11
Xt tng ct, ct no ch c mt du "x" th tch cc tiu (hng) ng vi n l

tch quan trng, i thnh du "(x)". Vy tp cc tch quan trng bc ny l:
Vi i = 1
Tm L1 t Lo bng cch loi khi Lo cc nh 1 ca Eo
Tm Z1 t Zo bng cch loi khi Zo cc tch trong Eo v cc tch nm trong
14
hng c chn t Eo. Khi tm c L1, v Z1, lm li nh bc i = 0 s tm

c tch quan trng E1.
Cng vic c tip tc cho n khi Lk = 0.
Trong v d ny v Eo = (x1x3, x1 x2 ) m cc nh 1 ca x1x3 l 2, 3, 7; cc nh 1
ca x1, x2 l 12, 14, 15 (b qua nh 6, 13 l cc nh khng xc nh); do L1 = 0,
qu trnh kt thc. Kt qu dng hm ti thiu chnh l tng ca cc tch cc tiu. Vy
hm cc tiu l:
1.4. Cc h mch logic

Cc php ton v nh l ca i s Boole gip cho thao tc cc biu thc logic.
Trong k thut thc t l cch ni cng logic ca cc mch logic vi nhau (theo kt
cu ti gin nu c). thc hin mt bi ton iu khin phc tp, s mch logic
s ph thuc vo s lng u vo v cch gii quyt bng loi mch logic no, s
dng cc php ton hay nh l no. y l mt bi ton ti u nhiu khi c khng ch
mt li gii. Tu theo loi mch logic m vic gii cc bi ton c nhng phng php
khc nhau. V c bn cc mch logic c chia lm hai loi:
+ Mch logic t hp.
+ Mch logic trnh t.
1. Mch logic t hp
Mch logic t hp l mch m u ra ti bt k thi im no ch ph thuc t
hp cc trng thi ca u vo thi im . Nh vy, mch khng c phn t nh.
Theo quan im iu khin th mch t hp l mch h, h khng c phn hi, ngha
l trng thi ng m ca cc phn t trong mch hon ton khng b nh hng bi
trng thi tn hiu u ra.
S mch logic t hp nh hnh 1.4.
Hnh 1.4. Mch t hp

Vi mch logic t hp tn ti hai loi bi ton l bi ton phn tch v bi ton
tng hp.
+ Bi ton phn tch c nhim v l t mch t hp c, m t hot ng v
vit cc hm logic ca cc u ra theo cc bin u vo v nu cn c th xt ti vic
ti thiu ho mch.
+ Bi ton tng hp thc cht l thit k mch t hp. Nhim v chnh l thit k
c mch t hp tho mn yu cu k thut nhng mch phi ti gin. Bi ton tng
15
hp l bi ton phc tp, v ngoi cc yu cu v chc nng logic, vic tng hp mch
cn ph thuc vo vic s dng cc phn t, chng hn nh phn t l cc loi: rle cng tc t, loi phn t kh nn hay loi phn t l bn dn, vi mch... Vi mi loi
phn t logic c s dng th ngoi nguyn l chung v mch logic cn i hi phi
b sung nhng nguyn tc ring lc tng hp v thit k h thng.
V d: Mch logic t hp nh hnh 1.5.
2. Mch logic trnh t

Mch trnh t hay cn gi l mch dy (sequential circuits) l mch trong
trng thi ca tn hiu ra khng nhng ph thuc tn hiu vo m cn ph thuc c
trnh t tc ng ca tn hiu vo, ngha l mch c nh cc trng thi. Nh vy, v
mt thit b th mch trnh t khng nhng ch c cc phn t ng m m cn c c
cc phn t nh.
S nguyn l mch logic trnh t nh hnh 1.6.
Xt mch logic trnh t nh hnh 1.7. Xt hot ng ca mch khi thay i trng
thi ng m ca x1 v x2. Biu hnh 1.7b m t hot ng ca mch, trong biu
cc nt m biu hin tn hiu c gi tr 1, cn nt mnh biu hin tn hiu c gi tr 0.
Hnh 1.7. S mch trnh t

T biu hnh l.7b thy, trng thi z = 1 ch t c khi thao tc theo trnh t
x1 = 1, tip theo x2 = 1. Nu cho x2 = 1 trc, sau cho x1 = 1 th c y v z u khng
th bng 1 .
m t mch trnh t c th dng bng chuyn trng thi, dng hnh trng
thi Mealy, hnh trng thi Moore hoc dng phng php lu . Trong
phng php lu c dng trc quan hn. T lu thut ton d dng chuyn sang
dng hnh trng thi Mealy hoc hnh trng thi Moore, v t c th thit k
16
c mch trnh t.
Vi mch logic trnh t cng c bi ton phn tch v bi ton tng hp.
1.5. Grafcet - m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip
1. Hot ng ca thit b cng nghip theo logic trnh t
Trong dy chuyn sn xut cng nghip, cc thit b my mc thng hot ng
theo mt trnh t logic cht ch nhm m bo cht lng sn phm v an ton cho
ngi v thit b.
Mt qu trnh cng ngh no cng c th c ba hnh thc iu khin hot
ng sau:
+ iu khin hon ton t ng, lc ny ch cn s ch huy chung ca nhn vin
vn hnh h thng.
+ iu khin bn t ng, qu trnh lm vic c lin quan trc tip n cc thao
tc lin tc ca con ngi gia cc chui hot ng t ng.
+ iu khin bng tay, tt c hot ng ca h u do con ngi thao tc.
Trong qu trnh lm vic m bo an ton, tin cy v linh hot, h iu khin
cn c s chuyn i d dng t iu khin bng tay sang t ng v ngc li, v nh
vy h iu khin mi p ng ng cc yu cu thc t.
Trong qu trnh lm vic s khng bnh thng trong hot ng ca dy chuyn
c rt nhiu loi, khi thit k phi c gng m t chng mt cch y nht. Trong
s cc hot ng khng bnh thng ca chng trnh iu khin mt dy chuyn t
ng, ngi ta thng phn bit ra cc loi sau:
+ H hng mt b phn trong cu trc iu khin, lc ny cn phi x l ring
phn chng trnh c ch h hng, ng thi phi lu tm cho dy chuyn hot ng
lc c h hng v sn sng chp nhn li diu khin khi h hng c sa cha xong.
+ H hng trong cu trc trnh t iu khin.
+ H hng b phn chp hnh (nh h hng thit b chp hnh, h hng cm
bin, h hng cc b phn thao tc...).
Khi thit k h thng phi tnh n cc phng thc lm vic khc nhau m
bo an ton v x l kp thi cc h hng trong h thng, phi lun c phng n can
thip trc tip ca ngi vn hnh n vic dng my khn cp, x l tc nghn vt
liu v cc hin tng nguy him khc. Grafcel l cng c rt hu ch thit k v
thc hin y cc yu cu ca h t ng cho cc qu trnh cng ngh k trn.
2. nh ngha Grafcet
Grafcet l t vit tt ca ting Php "Graphe fonctionnel de commande tape
transition" (chui chc nng iu khin giai on - chuyn tip), do hai c quan
AFCET (Lin hp Php v tin hc, kinh t v k thut) v ADEPA (t chc nh nc
v pht trin nn sn xut t ng ho) hp tc son tho thng 11/1982 c ng k
17
t chc tiu chun ho Php. Nh vy, mng grafcet c tiu chun ho v c

cng nhn l mt ngn ng thch hp cho vic m t hot ng dy ca qu trnh t
ng ho trong sn xut.
Mng grafcet l mt hnh chc nng cho php m t cc trng thi lm vic
ca h thng v biu din qu trnh iu khin vi cc trng thi v s chuyn i t
trng thi ny sang trng thi khc, l mt hnh nh hng c xc nh bi
cc phn t l: tp cc trng thi, tp cc iu kin chuyn trng thi.
Mng grafcet m t thnh chui cc giai on trong chu trnh sn xut.
Mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh sn xut lun lun l mt hnh khp kn t
trng thi u n trng thi cui v t trng thi cui v trng thi u.
3. Mt s k hiu trong grafcet
- Mt trng thi (giai on) c biu din bng mt hnh vung c nh s th
t ch trng thi. Gn lin vi biu tng trng thi l mt hnh ch nht bn cnh,
trong hnh ch nht ny c ghi cc tc ng ca trng thi hnh l.8a v b. Mt trng
thi c th tng ng vi mt hoc nhiu hnh ng ca qu trnh sn xut
Trng thi khi ng c th hin bng 2 hnh vung lng vo nhau, th t
thng l 1 hnh l.8c.
- Trng thi hot ng (tch cc) c thm du trong hnh vung trng thi hnh
l.8d.
Hnh 1.8. Cc trng thi trong grafcet

- Vic chuyn tip t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc ch c th c thc
hin khi cc iu kin chuyn tip c tho mn. Chng hn, vic chuyn tip gia
cc trng thi 3 v 4 hnh 1.9a c thc hin khi tc ng ln bin b, cn chuyn tip
gia trng thi 5 v 6 c thc hin sn tng ca bin c hnh 1.9b, hnh l.9c l
tc ng sn gim ca bin d. Chuyn tip gia trng thi 9 v 10 hnh 1.9d s xy
ra sau 2s k t khi c tc ng cui cng ca trng thi 9 c thc hin.
18
- K hiu phn nhnh nh hnh 1.10, s phn nhnh li tn ti hai loi l s

r nhnh v s song song.
S r nhnh l phn s c hai iu kin lin h gia ba trng thi nh hnh
1.1a v b .
S song song l s ch c mt iu kin lin h gia 3 trng thi nh hnh
1.10c v d .
hnh 1.10a, khi trng thi 1 ang hot ng, nu chuyn tip t12 tho mn th
trng thi 2 hot ng; nu chuyn tip t13 tho mn th trng thi 3 hot ng.
hnh 1.10b nu trng thi 7 ang hot ng v c t79 th trng thi 9 hot ng,
nu trng thi 8 ang hot ng v c t89 th trng thi 9 hot ng.
hnh 1.10c nu trng thi 1 ang hot ng v c t123 th trng thi 2 v 3 ng
thi hot ng.
hnh 1.10d nu trng thi 7 v 8 ang cng hot ng v c t789 th trng thi 9
hot ng
19
K hiu bc nhy nh hnh 1.11 .
Hnh 1.11. K hiu bc nhy

Hnh 1.11a biu din grafcet cho php thc hin bc nhy, khi trng thi 2 ang
hot ng nu c iu kin a th qu trnh s chuyn hot ng t trng thi 2 sang
trng thi 5 b qua cc trng thi trung gian 3 v 4, nu iu kin a khng c tho
mn th qu trnh chuyn tip theo trnh t 2, 3, 4, 5.
Hnh 1.11b khi trng thi 8 ang hot ng nu tho mn iu kin f th qu trnh
20
chuyn sang trng thi 9, nu khng tho mn iu kin 8 th qu trnh quay li trng
thi 7.
4. Cch xy dng mng grafcet
xy dng mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh no th trc tin phi m t mi
hnh vi t ng bao gm cc giai on v cc iu kin chuyn tip, sau la chn
cc dn ng v cc cm bin ri m t chng bng cc k hiu, sau kt ni chng
li theo cch m t ca grafcet.
V d : kp cht chi tit c v khoan trn mt l hnh 1.12 th trc tin ngi
iu khin n nt khi ng d khi ng chu trnh cng ngh t ng, qu trnh bt
u t giai on 1 :
Hnh 1.12. S quy trnh khoan

+ Giai on 1: S1 Pttng A chuyn ng theo chiu A+ kp cht chi tit c.
Khi lc kp t yu cu c xc nh bi cm bin p sut a1 th chuyn sang giai
on 2.
+ Giai on 2: S2 u khoan B i xung theo chiu B+ v mi khoan quay theo
chiu R, khi khoan su, xc nh bng nt b1 th kt thc giai on 2, chuyn sang
giai on 3.
+ Giai on 3: S3 mi khoan i ln theo chiu B- v ngng quay. Khi mi khoan
ln cao, xc nh bng bo th khoan dng v chuyn sang giai on 4.
+ Giai on 4: S4 Pttng A tr v theo chiu A- ni lng chi tit, v tr tr v
c xc nh bi ao khi mung ngng chuyn ng, kt thc mt chu k gia cng.
S grafcet nh hnh 1.13 .
5. Phn tch mng grafcet
5.1. Quy tc vt qua, chuyn tip
- Mt trng thi trc ch chuyn tip sang trng thi sau khi n ang hot ng
(tch cc) v c iu kin chuyn tip.
- Khi qu trnh chuyn tip sang trng thi sau th giai on sau hot ng
(tch cc) v s kh b hot ng ca trng thi trc (giai on trc ht tch cc)
21
Vi cc iu kin hot ng nh trn th c nhiu khi s khng hot ng

c hoc hot ng khng tt. Ngi ta gi:
+ S khng hot ng c l s c nhnh cht. (S c nhnh cht c
th vn hot ng nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht).
+ S khng sch l s m ti mt v tr no c pht lnh hai ln.
V d 1 : S hnh 1.14 l s c nhnh cht. S ny khng th lm vic
c do S2 v S4 khng th cng tch cc v gi s h ang trng thi ban u So nu
c iu kin 3 th So ht tch cc v chuyn sang S3 tch cc. Sau nu c iu
kin 4 th S3 ht tch cc v S4 tch cc. Nu lc ny c iu kin 1 th S1 cng khng
th tch cc c v So ht tch cc. Do khng bao gi S2 tch cc c na, m
S5 tch cc th phi c S2 v S4 cng tch cc km iu kin 5 nh vy h s nm im
v tr S4
Mun s trn lm vic c phi chuyn mch r nhnh thnh mch song
song.
22
V d 2: S hnh 1.15 l s khng sch. Gi s mng ang trng thi

ban u nu c iu kin 1 th s chuyn trng thi cho c S1 v S3 tch cc, nu c
iu kin 3 ri 4 th s chuyn cho S5 tch cc, khi cha c iu kin 6 m li c iu
kin 2 ri 5 trc th S5 li chuyn tch cc ln na. Tc l c hai ln lnh cho S5 tch
cc, vy l s khng sch.
V d 3: S hnh 1.16 l s sch. s ny nu c S3 tch cc (diu
kin 3) th nu c iu kin 1 cng khng c ngha v So ht tch cc. Nh vy,
mch r sang nhnh 2, nu ln lt c cc iu kin 4 v 6 th S5 s tch cc sau
nu c iu kin 7 th h li tr v trng thi ban u.
5.2. Phn tch mng grafcet
Nh phn tch trn th nhiu khi mng grafcet khng hot ng c hoc hot
ng khng tt. Nhng i vi cc mng khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng
tt vn c th lm vic c nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht. Trong thc t sn xut
mt h thng c th ang hot ng rt tt, nhng nu v l do no m h thng
phi thay i ch lm vic (do s c tng phn hoc do thay i cng ngh...) th c
th h thng s khng hot ng c nu l nhnh cht.
Vi cch phn tch s nh trn th kh nh gi c cc mng c phc tp ln. Do , phi xt mt cch phn tch mng grafcet l dng phng php gin
im.
thnh lp gin im cn i theo cc bc sau:
+ V mt u tin cho gin im, ghi s 0. Xut pht t giai on u trn
grafcet c coi l ang tch cc, giai on ny ang c du ".", khi c mt iu kin
c thc hin, s c cc giai on mi c tch cc th:
-
nh du "." vo cc giai on va c tch cc trn grafcet,

23
Xo du "." giai on ht tch cc trn grafcet,
To mt mi trn gin im sau iu kin va thc hin,
Ghi ht cc giai on tch cc ca h (c du ".") vo mi va to.
+ T cc thnh lp khi mt iu kin no li c thc hin th cc giai

on tch cc li c chuyn i, li lp li bn bc nh trn.
+ Qu trnh c nh vy tip tc, c th v hon thin c gin im (s
to thnh mch lin tc, sau khi kt thc li tr v im xut pht) hoc khng v hon
thin c. Nhn vo gin im s c cc kt lun sau:
- Nu trong qu trnh v n giai on no khng th v tip c na (khng
hon thin s ) th s l s c nhnh cht, v d 2.
- Nu v c ht m v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l s
khng sch v d 3.
- Nu v c ht v khng c v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l s
lm vic tt, s sch v d 1 .
V d 1 : V gin im cho s sch hnh 1.17a.
thi im u h ang giai on So (c du "."), khi iu kin 1 c thc
hin th c Sl v S3 cng chuyn sang tch cc, nh du "." vo Sl v S3 xo du "."
So. Vy, sau iu kin 1 to mi v trong ny cn ghi hai trng thi tch cc l 1,3.
Nu cc iu kin khc khng din ra th mch vn trng thi 1 v 3.
Khi h ang 1,3 nu iu kin 4 c thc hin th giai on 4 tch cc (thm
du "."), giai on 3 ht tch cc (mt du "."). Vy sau iu kin 4 to mi (ni vi
1,3), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 1, 4.
Hnh 1.17. Gin im s sch

24

l,3), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 2,3.
Khi h ang 1,4 hoc 2,3 nu c iu kin 5 th qu trnh vn khng chuyn
tip v chuyn giai on 5 phi c S2 v S4 Cng tch cc kt hp iu kin 5.
l,4), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 2,4.
2,3), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 2,4.
du "."), giai on 2 v 4 ht tch cc (mt du "."). Vy sau iu kin 5 to mi (ni
vi 2,4), ny ghi trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 5.
Khi h ang 5 nu iu kin 6 c thc hin th giai on 0 tch cc (thm
du "."), giai on 5 ht tch cc (mt du "."), h tr v trng thi ban u.
T gin im, thy khng c no c 2 im lm vic cng tn v v c c
s , vy l s sch.
V d 2 : V gin im cho s c nhnh cht hnh 1.14

Gin im nh hnh 1.18. Trong trng hp ny khng th v tip c na
v S5 tch cc phi c c S2 v S4 cng tch cc cng iu kin 5, nhng khng c
no c 2, 4.
V d 3: V gin im cho s khng sch hnh 1.5.
Cch tin hnh v gin im nh trn, gin im nh hnh 1.19. T gin
25
im nhn thy c nhiu c 2 im lm vic trng nhau (cng tn), vy l s

khng sch. gin im hnh 1.19 c th tip tc v gin s m rng.
26
CHNG 2: MT S NG DNG MCH LOGIC

TRONG IU KHIN
2.l. Cc thit b iu khin
1. Cc nguyn tc iu khin
Qu trnh lm vic ca ng c in truyn ng mt my sn xut thng
gm cc giai on: khi ng, lm vic v iu chnh tc , dng v c th c c giai
on o chiu. Xt ng c l mt thit b ng lc, qu trnh lm vic v c bit l
qu trnh khi ng, hm thng c dng in ln, t thn ng c in va l thit b
chp hnh nhng cng va l i tng iu khin phc tp. V nguyn l khng ch
truyn ng in, khi ng v hm ng c vi dng in c hn ch trong gii
hn cho php, thng dng ba nguyn tc khng ch t ng sau:
- Nguyn tc thi gian: Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da theo
nguyn tc thi gian, ngha l sau nhng khong thi gian xc nh s c tn hiu iu
khin thay i tc ng c. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c bn y l rle
thi gian.
- Nguyn tc tc : Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da vo nguyn l
xc nh tc tc thi ca ng c. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c bn y l
rle tc .
- Nguyn tc dng in: Bit tc ng c do m men ng c xc nh, m
m men li ph thuc vo dng in chy qua ng c, do vy c th o dng in
khng ch qu trnh thay i tc ng c in. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c
bn y l rle dng in.
Mi nguyn tc iu khin u c u nhc im ring, ty tng trng hp c
th m chn cc phng php cho ph hp.
2. Cc thit b iu khin
iu khin s lm vic ca cc thit b cn phi c cc thit b iu khin.
ng ct khng thng xuyn thng dng ptmt. Trong ptmt h thng
tip im c b phn dp h quang v cc b phn t ng ct mch bo v qu ti
v ngn mch. B phn ct mch in bng tc ng in t theo kiu dng in cc
i. Khi dng in vt qu tr s cho php chng s ct mch in bo v ngn
mch, ngoi ra cn c rle nhit bo v qu ti.
Phn t c bn ca rle nhit l bn lng kim gm hai ming kim loi c dn
n nhit khc nhau dn li vi nhau. Khi bn lng kim khi b t nng (thng l
bng dng in cn bo v) s b bin dng (cong), bin dng ti ngng th s tc
ng vo cc b phn khc ct mch in.
Cc rle in t, cng tc t tc dng nh lc ht in t. Cu to ca rle in
27
t thng gm cc b phn chnh sau: cun ht; mch t tnh lm bng vt liu st t;
phn ng cn gi l phn ng v h thng cc tip im.
Mch t ca rle c dng in mt chiu chy qua lm bng thp khi, cn mch
t ca rle dng in xoay chiu lm bng l thp k thut in. chng rung v lc
ht ca nam chm in c dng xung trn mt cc ngi ta t vng ngn mch. Sc
in ng cm ng trong vng ngn mch s to ra dng in v lm cho t thng qua
vng ngn mch lch pha vi t thng chnh, nh lc ht phn ng khng b gin
on, cc tip im lun c tip xc tt.
Tu theo nguyn l tc ng ngi ta ch to nhiu loi thit b iu khin khc
nhau nh rle dng in, rle in p, rle thi gian....
H thng tip im ca cc thit b iu khin c cu to khc nhau v thng
m bc hay thic m bo tip xc tt. Cc thit b ng ct mch ng lc c dng
in ln, h thng tip im chnh c b phn dp h quang, ngoi ra cn c cc tip
im ph ng ct cho mch iu khin. Tu theo trng thi tip im ngi ta chia
ra cc loi tip im khc nhau. Mt s k hiu thng gp nh bng 2.1.
2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc
Tu theo cng sut v yu cu cng ngh m ng c khng ng b rto lng
sc c th c ni trc tip vo li in, dng i ni sao-tam gic, qua in khng,
qua bin p t ngu, ngy nay thng dng cc b khi ng mm khi ng ng
c. Xt mt s s n gin.
1. Mch khng ch n gin
28
Vi ng c cng sut nh c th ng trc tip vo li in. Nu ng c ch

quay theo mt chiu th mch ng ct c th dng cu dao, ptmt. Vi thit b ng
ct ny c nhc im l khi ang lm vic nu mt in, th khi c in tr li ng
c s t khi ng. trnh iu dng khi ng t n ng ct cho ng c.
Xt s ng ct c o chiu dng khi ng t kp nh hnh 2.1.
Cu dao trn mch ng lc l cu dao cch ly (cu dao ny ch yu ng ct
khng ti, cch ly khi sa cha).
Cc tip im T1, T2, T3 ng ng c chy thun, cc tip im N1, N2, N3
ng ng c chy ngc (o th t hai trong ba pha li in).
Cc tip im T5 v N5 l cc kho lin ng v in khng ch cc ch
chy thun v ngc khng th cng ng thi, nu ang chy thun th T5 m, N
khng th c in, nu ang chy ngc th N5 m, T khng th c in. Ngoi cc
lin ng v in khi ng t kp cn c lin ng c kh. Khi cun T ht th
ly c kh kho khng cho cun N ht na, khi cun N ht th ly c kh kho
Trong mch dng hai rle nhit RN1 v RN2 bo v qu ti cho ng c, khi
ng c qu ti th rle nhit tc ng lm cc tip im ca n bn mch iu khin
m, cc cun ht mt in ct in ng c.
khi ng ng c chy thun (hoc ngc) n nt KT (hoc KN) cun ht
T c in, ng cc tip im T1... T3 cp in cho ng c chy theo chiu thun, tip
im T4 ng li t duy tr.
dng ng c n nt dng D, cc cun ht mt in, ct in ng c khi
li in, ng c t dng.
o chiu ng c trc ht phi n nt dng D, cc cun ht mt in mi
n nt o chiu.
2. Mch khng ch o chiu c gim st tc
29
Xt s khng ch ng c rto lng sc quay theo hai chiu v c hm ngc.

Hm ngc l hm xy ra lc ng c cn ang quay theo chiu ny (do qun tnh),
nhng li ng in cho ng c quay theo chiu ngc li m khng ch cho ng c
dng hn ri mi ng in cho ng c o chiu. Hm ngc c kh nng hm
nhanh v c th to m men hm ln (do s dng c hai ngun nng lng l ng
nng v in nng to thnh nng lng hm), tuy vy dng in hm s ln v trong
ng dng c th phi lu hn ch dng in hm ny.
S hnh 2.2 thc hin nhim v c nhim v khi ng, o chiu. Trong
s c thm rle trung gian, hai rle tc (gn vi ng c), rle tc thun c
tip im KT v rle tc ngc c tip im KN cc rle ny khi tc cao th cc
tip im rle kn, tc thp th tip im rle h.
Khi khi ng chy thun n nt khi ng thun KT, tip im KT1 h ngn
khng cho P c in, KT3 h ngn khng cho cun ht N c in, tip im KT2
kn cp in cho cun ht T, cc tip im T1... T3 kn cp in cho ng c chy
thun, tip im T4 kn t duy tr, tip im T5 h cm cun N c in.
Khi ang chy thun cn chy ngc n nt khi ng ngc KN, tip im
KN1 h khng cho P c in, tip im KN2 h ct in cun ht T lm mt in
ch chy thun, tip im KN3 kn cp in cho cun ht N cp in cho ch
chy ngc, khi N ht tip im N4 kn t duy tr.
Nu mun dng n nt dng D, cp in cho cun ht P, cun ht P ng tip
im Pl t duy tr, h P2 ct ng ngun ang cp cho cun ht T hoc N, nhng
lp tc P3 kn cun ht N hoc T li c cp in, nu khi trc ng c ang chy
thun (cun T lm vic) tc ang ln th KT kn, cun N c cp in ng in
cho ch chy ngc lm ng c dng nhanh, khi tc gim thp th KT m
ct in cun ht N, ng c dng hn.
30
Khi cc rle nhit tc ng th ng c dng t do.

3. Khng ch ng c lng sc kiu i ni / c o chiu
Vi mt s ng c khi lm vic nh mc ni th khi khi ng c th ni hnh
sao lm in p t vo dy cun giml(do dng in khi ng gim. S hnh
2.3 cho php thc hin i ni Y c o chiu.
Hnh 2.3. Khng ch ng c lng sc kiu i ni / c o

Trong s c khi ng t T ng in cho ch chy thun, khi ng t N
ng in cho ch chy ngc, khi ng t S ng in cho ch khi ng
hnh sao, khi ng t ng in cho ch chy tam gic. Rle thi gian Tg duy
tr thi gian khi ng, c hai tip im Tg1 l tip im thng kn m chm thi
gian t1, Tg2 l tip im thng m ng chm thi gian t2 vi t1 > t2.
Khi cn khi ng thun n nt khi ng thun KT, tip im KT2 ngn
khng cho cun N c in, tip im KT1 kn ng in cho cun thun T, T c in
ng cc tip im T1...T3 a in p thun vo ng c, T4 ng t duy tr, T5 m
ngn khng cho N c in, T6 ng cp in cho rle thi gian Tg, ng thi cp in
ngay cho cun ht S, ng c khi ng kiu ni sao, tip im S5 m cha cho cun
c in. Khi Tg c in, sau thi gian ngn t2 th Tg2 ng chun b cp in cho
cun ht . Sau khong thi gian duy tr t1 tip im Tg1 m ra cun ht S mt in
ct ch khi ng sao ca ng c, tip im S5 kn cp in cho cun ht , a
ng c vo lm vic ch ni tam gic v t duy tr bng tip im 4
Khi cn o chiu (nu ang chy thun) n nt khi ng ngc KN, T mt
in lm T6 m qu trnh li khi ng theo ch ni sao nh trn vi cun ht N,
cc tip im N1 ... N3 i th t hai trong ba pha (i pha A v B cho nhau) lm chiu
quay i chiu.
31
Khi mun ng n nt dng D, ng c dng t do.

2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun
Cc bin php khi ng v thay i tc nh ng c rto lng sc cng c
th p dng cho ng c rto dy qun. Nhng nh vy khng tn dng c u im
ca ng c rto dy qun l kh nng thay i dng khi ng cng nh thay i tc
bng cch thay i in tr ph mc vo mch rto. Do , vi ng c rto dy
qun gim dng khi khi ng cng nh thay i tc ng c ngi ta dng
phng php thay i in tr ph mc vo mch rto.
1. Khi ng ng c rto dy qun theo nguyn tc thi gian
Cch ny thng dng cho h thng c cng sut trung bnh v ln. S khng
ch nh hnh 2.4.
Trong s c 2 rle nhit RN1 v RN2 bo v qu ti cho ng c, hai rle
thi gian 1Tg v 2Tg vi hai tip im thng m ng chm duy tr thi gian loi
in tr ph mch rto.
khi ng n nt khi ng K cp in cho cun ht K, cc tip im K,,
K2, K3 ng cp in cho ng c, ng c khi ng vi hai cp in tr ph, tip
im K4 ng t duy tr, tip im K5 ng cp in cho cc rle thi gian. Sau
khong thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m ng chm 1Tg ng li cp in
cho 1K loi in tr ph R2 ra khi mch rto, tip im 1K3 ng cp in cho
rle thi gian 2Tg. Sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m ng chm 2Tg
ng li cp in cho 2K loi nt in tr R1 khi mch khi ng, ng c lm vic
trn c tnh c t nhin. Tip im 2K4 t duy tr, 2K5 ct in cc rle thi gian.
Khi mun dng n nt dng D, ng c c ct khi li v dng t do.
Hnh 2.4. Khi ng ng c rto dy qun theo nguyn tc thi gian

32
2. Thay i tc ng c rto dy qun bng thay i in tr ph

Trong cng nghip c nhiu my sn xut dng truyn ng ng c rto dy
qun iu chnh tc nh cu trc, my cn.... v y thng dng thm khu
hm ng nng dng my. Hm ng nng l cch hm s dng ng nng ca
ng c ang quay to thnh nng lng hm. Vi ng c rto dy qun, mun
hm ng nng th khi ct in phi ni cc cun dy stato vo in p mt chiu
to thnh t thng kch thch cho ng c to m men hm. S nguyn l ca h
thng nh hnh 2.5.
ng c rto dy qun c th quay theo hai chiu, theo chiu thun nu 1S, 2S
ng v theo chiu ngc nu 1S, 3S ng. Cng tc t H ng ngun mt chiu
lc hm ng nng, cng tc t 1K, 2K ct in tr ph trong mch rto lm thay
i tc ng c khi lm vic. Khi hm ng nng ton b in tr ph r1 v r2 c
a vo mch rto hn ch dng in hm, cn in tr ph R trong mch mt
chiu t gi tr mmen hm.
Hnh 2.5. Thay i tc ng c rto dy qun

Trong h thng c b khng ch ch huy kiu chuyn mch c kh KC. B KC c
nguyn l cu to l mt tr trn c kh, c th quay hai chiu, trn trc c gn cc
tip im ng v kt hp vi cc tip im tnh to thnh cc cp tip im c
ng ct tu thuc vo v tr quay ca tr. th ng m tip im ca b khng ch
33
KC c th hin trn hnh 2.5c. V d, v tr 0 ca b khng ch ch c tip im 12 ng, tt c cc v tr cn li ca cc tip im u ct hoc cp tip im 9- 1 0 s
ng cc v tr 2, 3 bn tri v 2, 3 bn phi.
Hot ng ca b khng ch nh sau: khi ng in cp ngun cho h thng.
Ban u b khng ch c t v tr 0 cng tc t K c in, cc tip im K
mch khng ch ng li, chun b cho h thng lm vic. Nu mun ng c quay
theo chiu thun th quay b KC v pha tri, nu mun ng c quay ngc th quay
b KC v pha phi. Gi thit quay b KC v v tr 2 pha tri, lc ny cc tip im 34, 5-6, 9-10 ca b KC kn, cc cun dy cng tc t 1S, 2S, 1K v cc rle thi gian
1Tg, 2Tg c in, cc tip im 1S, 2S mch ng lc ng li, cun dy stato c
ng vo ngun 3 pha, tip im 1K trong mch rto ng li ct phn in tr ph r2
ra, ng c c khi ng v lm vic vi in tr ph r1 trong mch rto, tip im
1Tg m ra, 2Tg ng li chun b cho qu trnh hm ng nng khi dng. Nu mun
dng ng c th quay b KC v v tr 0, cc cng tc t 1S, 2S, 1K v cc rle thi
gian 1Tg, 2Tg mt in, ng c c ct khi ngun in 3 pha vi ton b in tr
r1, r2 c a vo rto, ng thi tip im thng kn ng chm 1Tg ng li
(ng chm mt thi gian ngn m bo h c ct khi li in), tip im
thng m m chm 2Tg cha m (t2 > t1) cng tc t H c in tip im H1, H2
ng li cp ngun mt chiu cho stato ng c v ng c c hm ng nng. Sau
thi gian chnh nh t2 tip im thng m m chm m ra tng ng vi tc
ng c nh, cun dy H mt in, ngun mt chiu c ct khi cun dy
stato, kt thc qu trnh hm ng nng. Trong thc t, ngi ta yu cu ngi vn
hnh khi quay b khng ch KC qua mi v tr phi dng li mt thi gian ngn h
thng lm vic an ton c v mt in v c.
2.4. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu
Vi ng c in mt chiu khi khi ng cn thit phi gim dng khi ng.
gim dng khi khi ng c th a thm in tr ph vo mch phn ng. Ngy
nay nh k thut in t v tin hc pht trin ngi ta ch to cc b bin i mt
chiu bng bn dn cng sut ln lm ngun trc tip cho ng c v iu khin cc
b bin i ny bng mch s logic kh trnh. Cc b bin i ny ni trc tip vo
ng c, vic khng ch khi ng, hm v iu chnh tc u thc hin bng cc
mch s kh trnh rt thun tin v linh hot. Tuy nhin, mt s mch n gin vn c
th dng s cc mch logic nh hnh 2.6.
khi ng ng c n nt khi ng K lc cng tc t K c in, cc
tip im thng m K, ng li cp in cho ng c vi 2 in tr ph, K2 ng
li t duy tr, K3 ng li, K4 m ra lm rle thi gian 3Tg mt din, sau thi gian
chnh nh tip im thng ng ng chm 3Tg, ng li lm cng tc t 1K c
in, ng tip im 1K1 loi in tr ph r2 khi mch ng c v lm rle thi gian
34
2Tg mt in, sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng ng ng chm 2Tg1 ng
li cp in cho cng tc t 2K ng tip im 2K2 loi r1 ra khi mch ng lc qu
trnh khi ng kt thc.
Hnh 2.6. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu

dng ng c n nt dng D lc cng tc t K mt in, tip im K1
mch ng lc m ra ct phn ng ng c khi ngun in. ng thi tip im K2
K3 m ra lm rle thi gian 1 Tg mt in bt u tnh thi gian hm, K4 ng li lm
cng tc t H c in ng tip im H1 a in tr hm Rh vo thc hin qu
trnh hm. Sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m m chm 1 Tg1 m ra, cng
tc t H mt in kt thc qu trnh hm, h thng khng ch v mch ng lc tr v
trng thi ban u chun b cho ln khi ng sau.
35
PHN 2: IU KHIN LOGIC C LP TRNH (PLC)

CHNG 3: L LUN CHUNG V IU KHIN
LOGIC LP TRNH PLC
3.1. M u
S pht trin ca k thut iu khin t ng hin i v cng ngh iu khin
logic kh trnh da trn c s pht trin ca tin hc m c th l s pht trin ca k
thut my tnh.
K thut iu khin logic kh trnh PLC (Programmable Logic Control) c
pht trin t nhng nm 1968 -1970. Trong giai on u cc thit b kh trnh yu cu
ngi s dng phi c k thut in t, phi c trnh cao. Ngy nay cc thit b
PLC pht trin mnh m v c mc ph cp cao.
Thit b iu khin logic lp trnh c PLC l dng thit b iu khin c bit
da trn b vi x l, s dng b nh lp trnh c lu tr cc lnh v thc hin
cc chc nng, chng hn cho php tnh logic, lp chui, nh gi, m, v cc thut
ton iu khin my v cc qu trnh cng ngh. PLC c thit k cho cc k s,
khng yu cu cao v kin thc my tnh v ngn ng my tnh, c th vn hnh.
Chng c thit k cho cc nh k thut c th ci t hoc thay i chng trnh. V
vy, cc nh thit k PLC phi lp trnh sn sao cho chng trnh iu khin c th
nhp bng cch s dng ngn ng n gin (ngn ng iu khin). Thut ng logic
c s dng v vic lp trnh ch yu lin quan n cc hot ng logic, v d nu c
cc iu kin A v B th C lm vic... Ngi vn hnh nhp chng trnh (chui lnh)
vo b nh PLC. Thit b iu khin PLC s gim st cc tn hiu vo v cc tn hiu
ra theo chng trnh ny v thc hin cc quy tc iu khin c lp trnh.
Cc PLC tng t my tnh, nhng my tnh c ti u ho cho cc tc v tnh
ton v hin th, cn PLC c chuyn bit cho cc tc v iu khin v mi trng
cng nghip. V vy cc PLC:
+ c thit k bn chu c rung ng, nhit, m v ting n,
+ C sn giao din cho cc thit b vo ra,
+ c lp trnh d dng vi ngn ng iu khin d hiu, ch yu gii quyt cc
php ton logic v chuyn mch.
V c bn chc nng ca b iu khin logic PLC cng ging nh chc nng ca
b iu khin thit k trn c s cc rle cng tc t hoc trn c s cc khi in t
l:
+ Thu thp cc tn hiu vo v cc tn hiu phn hi t cc cm bin,
+ Lin kt, ghp ni cc tn hiu theo yu cu iu khin v thc hin ng m
36
cc mch ph hp vi cng ngh,

+ Tnh ton v son tho cc lnh iu khin trn c s so snh cc thng tin thu
thp c,
+ Phn pht cc lnh iu khin n cc a ch thch hp.
Ring i vi my cng c v ngi my cng nghip th b PLC c th lin kt
vi b iu khin s NC hoc CNC hnh thnh b iu khin thch nghi. Trong h
thng ca cc trung tm gia cng, mi quy trnh cng ngh u c b PLC iu
khin tp trung.
3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC
1. Cu hnh phn cng
B PLC thng dng c nm b phn c bn gm: b x l, b nh, b ngun,
giao din vo/ra v thit b lp trnh. S h thng nh hnh 3.1 .
1.1 B x l
B x l cn gi l b x l trung tm (CPU), l linh kin cha b vi x l. B
x l bin dch cc tn hiu vo v thc hin cc hot ng iu khin theo chng
trnh c lu trong b nh ca CPU, truyn cc quyt nh di dng tn hiu hot
ng n cc thit b ra.
Nguyn l lm vic ca b x l tin hnh theo tng bc tun t, u tin cc
thng tin lu tr trong b nh chng trnh c gi ln tun t v c kim sot bi
b m chng trnh. B x l lin kt cc tn hiu v a kt qu iu khin ti u
ra. Chu k thi gian ny gi l thi gian qut (scan). Thi gian mt vng qut ph
thuc vo dung lng ca b nh, vo tc ca CPU. Ni chung chu k mt vng
qut nh hnh 3.2.
S thao tc tun t ca chng trnh dn dn mt thi gian tr trong khi b m
ca chng trnh i qua mt chu trnh y , sau bt u li t u.
37
nh gi thi gian tr ngi ta o thi gian qut ca mt chng trnh di 1K

byte v coi l ch tiu so snh cc PLC. Vi nhiu loi PLC thi gian tr ny c
th ti 20ms hoc hn. Nu thi gian tr gy tr ngi cho qu trnh iu khin th phi
dng cc bin php c bit, chng hn nh lp li nhng ln gi quan trng trong thi
gian mt ln qut, hoc l iu khin cc thng tin chuyn giao b bt i nhng ln
gi t quan trng khi thi gian qut di ti mc khng th chp nhn c. Nu cc
gii php trn khng tho mn th phi dng PLC c thi gian qut ngn hn.
1. 2. B ngun
B ngun c nhim v chuyn i in p AC thnh in p thp cho b vi x l
(thng l 5V) v cho cc mch in u ra hoc cc module cn li (thng l 24V).
1.3. Thit b lp trnh
Thit b lp trnh c s dng lp cc chng trnh iu khin cn thit sau
c chuyn cho PLC. Thit b lp trnh c th l thit b lp trnh chuyn dng, c
th l thit b lp trnh cm tay gn nh, c th l phn mm c ci t trn my tnh
c nhn.
1.4. B nh
B nh l ni lu gi chng trnh s dng cho cc hot ng iu khin. Cc
38
dng b nh c th l RAM, ROM, EPROM. Ngi ta lun ch to ngun d phng

cho RAM duy tr chng trnh trong trng hp mt in ngun, thi gian duy tr
tu thuc vo tng PLC c th. B nh cng c th c ch to thnh module cho
php d dng thch nghi vi cc chc nng iu khin c kch c khc nhau, khi cn
m rng c th cm thm.
1.5. Giao din vo/ra
Giao din vo l ni b x l nhn thng tin t cc thit b ngoi vi v truyn
thng tin n cc thit b bn ngoi. Tn hiu vo c th t cc cng tc, cc b cm
bin nhit , cc t bo quang in.... Tn hiu ra c th cung cp cho cc cun dy
cng tc t, cc rle, cc van in t, cc ng c nh... Tn hiu vo/ra c th l tn
hiu ri rc, tn hiu lin tc, tn hiu logic... Cc tn hiu vo/ra c th th hin nh
hnh 3.3.
Mi im vo ra c mt a ch duy nht c PLC s dng.
Hnh 3.3: Giao din vo/ra

Cc knh vo/ra c cc chc nng cch ly v iu ho tn hiu sao cho cc b
cm bin v cc b tc ng c th ni trc tip vi chng m khng cn thm mch
in khc.
Tn hiu vo thng c ghp cch in (cch ly) nh linh kin quang nh hnh
3.4. Di tn hiu nhn vo cho cc PLC c ln c th l 5v, 24v, 110v, 220v. Cc PLC
c nh thng ch nhp tn hiu 24v.
Tn hiu ra cng c ghp cch ly, c th cch ly kiu rle nh hnh 3.5a, cch
39
ly kiu quang nh hnh 3.5b. Tn hiu ra c th l tn hiu chuyn mch 24v, 100mA;
110v, 1A mt chiu, thm ch 240v, 1A xoay chiu tu loi PLC. Tuy nhin, vi PLC
c ln di tn hiu ra c th thay i bng cch la chn cc module ra thch hp.
2. Cu to chung ca PLC
Cc PLC c hai kiu cu to c bn l: kiu hp n v kiu modulle ni ghp.
Kiu hp n thng dng cho cc PLC c nh v c cung cp di dng
nguyn chic hon chnh gm b ngun, b x l, b nh v cc giao din vo/ra.
Kiu hp n thng vn c kh nng ghp ni c vi cc module ngoi m
rng kh nng ca PLC. Kiu hp n nh hnh 3.6.
Kiu module ghp ni gm cc module ring cho mi chc nng nh module

ngun, module x l trung tm, module ghp ni, module vo/ra, module m, module
PID... cc module c lp trn cc rnh v dc kt ni vi nhau. Kiu cu to ny
c th c s dng cho cc thit b iu khin lp trnh vi mi kch c, c nhiu b
chc nng khc nhau c gp vo cc module ring bit. Vic s dng cc module
tu thuc cng dng c th. Kt cu ny kh linh hot, cho php m rng s lng u
ni vo/ra bng cch b sung cc module vo/ra hoc tng cng b nh bng cch
tng thm cc n v nh.
40
3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh
1 Khi nim chung
PLC c th s dng mt cch kinh t hay khng ph thuc rt ln vo thit b lp
trnh. Khi trang b mt b PLC th ng thi phi trang b mt thit b lp trnh ca
cng mt hng ch to. Tuy nhin, ngy nay ngi ta c th lp trnh bng phn mm
trn my tnh sau chuyn sang PLC bng mch ghp ni ring.
S khc nhau chnh gia b iu khin kh trnh PLC v cng ngh rle hoc
bn dn l ch k thut nhp chng trnh vo b iu khin nh th no. Trong
iu khin rle, b iu khin c chuyn i mt cch c hc nh u ni dy "iu
khin cng", cn vi PLC th vic lp trnh c thc hin thng qua mt thit b lp
trnh v mt ngoi vi chng trnh. C th ch ra quy trnh lp trnh theo gin hnh
3.8.
lp trnh ngi ta c th s dng mt trong cc m hnh sau y:
Hnh 3.8. Quy trnh lp trnh

+ M hnh dy.
+ M hnh cc chc nng.
+ M hnh biu ni dy.
+ M hnh logic.
Vic la chn m hnh no trong cc m hnh trn cho thch hp l tu thuc vo
loi PLC v iu quan trng l chn c loi PLC no cho php giao lu tin li v
trnh c chi ph khng cn thit. a s cc thit b PLC lu hnh trn th trng
hin nay l dng m hnh dy hoc biu ni dy. Nhng PLC hin i cho php
ngi dng chuyn t mt phng php nhp ny sang mt phng php nhp khc
ngay trong qu trnh nhp.
Trong thc t khi s dng biu ni dy th vic lp trnh c v n gin hn v
n c cch th hin gn ging nh mch rle cng tc t. Tuy nhin, vi nhng ngi
c sn nhng hiu bit c bn v ngn ng lp trnh th li cho rng dng m hnh
dy d dng hn, ng thi vi cc mch c ln th dng m hnh dy c nhiu u
im hn.
41
Mi nh ch to u c nhng thit k v phng thc thao tc thit b lp trnh

ring, v th khi c mt loi PLC mi th phi c thi gian v cn phi c hun
luyn lm quen vi n.
2. Cc phng php lp trnh
T cc cch m t h t ng cc nh ch to PLC son tho ra cc phng
php lp trnh khc nhau. Cc phng php lp trnh u c thit k n gin, gn
vi cc cch m t c bit n. T ni chung c ba phng php lp trnh c
bn l phng php bng lnh STL, phng php biu bc thang LAD v phng
php lu iu khin CSF. Trong , hai phng php bng lnh STL v biu
bc thang LAD c dng ph bin hn c.
2.1. Mt s k hiu chung
Cu trc lnh
Mt lnh thng c ba phn chnh v thng vit nh hnh 3.9 (c loi PLC c
cch vit hi khc):
1. a ch tng i ca lnh (thng khi tp trnh thit b lp trnh t a ra).
2. Phn lnh l ni dung thao tc m PLC phi tc ng ln i tng ca lnh,
trong lp trnh LAD th phn ny t th hin trn thanh LAD, khng c ghi ra.
3. i tng lnh, l phn m lnh tc ng theo yu cu iu khin, trong i
tng lnh li c hai phn:
4. Loi i tng, c trng hp sau loi i tng c du ":", c cc loi i
tng nh tn hiu vo, tn hiu ra, c (rle ni)...
5. Tham s ca i tng lnh xc nh c th i tng, cch ghi tham s
cng ph thuc tng loi PLC khc nhau.
K hiu thng c trong mi lnh:

Cc k hiu trong lnh, quy c cch vit vi mi quc gia c khc nhau, thm
ch mi hng, mi thi ch to ca hng c th c cc k hiu ring. Tuy nhin, cch
ghi chung nht cho mt s quc gia l:
M:
+ K hiu u vo l I (In), u ra l Q (out trnh nhm O l khng).
+ Cc lnh vit gn ting Anh v d ra l out.
+ Lnh ra (gn) l out.
+ Tham s ca lnh dng c s 10.
42
+ Pha trc i tng lnh c du %.

+ Gia cc s ca tham s khng c du chm.
V d: AND% I09; out%Q10.
Nht:
+ u vo k hiu l X, u ra k hiu l Y.
+ Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting Anh.
+ Lnh ra (gn) l out.
V d: A X 10; out Y 07
Ty c
+ u vo k hiu l I, u ra k hiu l Q.
+ Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting Anh.
+ Lnh ra (gn) l =
+ Gia cc s ca tham s c du chm phn bit khe v knh.
V d: A I 1.0; = Q 0.7.
Ngoi cc k hiu kh chung nh trn th mi hng cn c cc k hiu ring, c
b lnh ring. Ngay cng mt hng cc thi ch to khc nhau cng c c im
khc nhau vi b lnh khc nhau. Do , khi s dng PLC th mi loi PLC phi tm
hiu c th hng dn s dng ca n.
Mt s k hiu khc nhau vi cc lnh c bn c th hin r trn bng 3.1.
2.2. Phng php hnh thang LAD (Ladder Logic)
Phng php hnh thang c dng ca biu nt bm. Cc phn t c bn ca
phng php hnh thang l:
+ Tip im: thng m
Thng kn + Cun dy (m t cc rle)
+ Hp (m t cc hm khc nhau, cc lnh c bit)
Bng 3.1
Misubishi OMRON Siemens
Telemec- Spreher
anique v Schuh
LD
LD
LD
STR
Khi u vi tip
im thng m
LDN
LDI
LD NOT AN
LN
STR
NOT
Khi u vi tip
im thng kn
AND
AND
AND
AND
Phn t ni tip c
tip im m
IEC
1131-3
Ch thch
43
Misubishi OMRON Siemens
Telemec- Spreher
anique v Schuh
ANDN
ANI
AND
NOT
AN
AN
AND
NOT
Phn t ni tip c
tip im kn
OR
OR
OR
Phn t song song c

tiu im m
ORN
ORI
OR NOT ON
ON
OR NOT Phn t song song c

tip im kn
ST
OUT
OUT
OUT
IEC
1131-3
Ch thch
Ly tn hiu ra
Mng LAD l ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon chnh, theo th t t

tri sang phi, t trn xung di. Qu trnh qut ca PLC cng theo th t ny. Mi
mt nc thang xc nh mt s hot ng ca qu trnh iu khin. Mt s LAD c
nhiu nc thang. Trn mi phn t ca biu hnh thang LAD c cc tham s xc
nh tu thuc vo k hiu ca tng hng sn xut PLC.
V d: Mt nc ca phng php hnh thang nh hnh 3.10.
Hnh 3.10. Phng php lp trnh thang LAD

Hnh 3.10a l kiu k hiu ca Misubishi (Nht)
Hnh 3.10b l kiu k hiu ca Siemens (Ty c)
Hnh 3.10c l k hiu ca Allen Bradley
2.3. Phng php lit k 1nh STL (Statement List)
Phng php STL gn vi biu logic. phng php ny cc lnh c lit
k th t. Tuy nhin, phn bit cc on chng trnh ngi ta thng dng cc m
nh, mi m nh tng ng vi mt nc thang ca biu hnh thang. khi u
mi on (tng ng nh khi u mt nc thang) khi lp lun s dng cc lnh khi
u nh LD, L, A, O... (bng 3.l). Kt thc mi on thng l lnh gn cho u ra,
u ra c th l u ra cho thit b ngoi vi c th l u ra cho cc rle ni.
V d: Mt on STL ca PLC S5 (Siemens)
44
Mt on STL ca PLC S7-200 (Siemens)

0 LD I 0.1
1 A I 0.2
3 = Q 1.0
Mt on STL ca PLC MELSEC Fl (Nht)
0 LD X 400
1 O X 403
2 ANI X 404
3 OUT Y 433
Mt on STL ca CPM1A (OMRON)
0 LD
000.01
1 OR
010.00
2 AND NOT 000.00

3 AND
000.03
4 OUT 010.00
2.4. Phng php lu iu khin CSF (Control System Flow)
Phng php lu iu khin CSF trnh by cc php ton logic vi cc k
hiu ho c tiu chun ho nh hnh 3.15. Phng php lu iu khin
thch hp vi ngi quen vi php tnh iu khin bng i s Boo1e.
Hnh 3.15. Phng php lp trnh CSF

3. Cc rle ni
Trong cc loi PLC c nhiu thut ng dng ch cc linh kin loi ny, v d:
rle ph, b vch du, c hiu, lu tr bt, bt nh... y l linh kin cung cp cc
chc nng c bit gn lin vi PLC v c dng ph bit trong lp trnh. Rle ni
ny tng t nh cc rle trung gian trong s rle cng tc t. Rle ni cng c
coi l cc u ra nhn cc lnh gn u ra, nhng thc cht u ra ny khng a ra
ngoi (khng phi thit b ngoi vi) m ch nm ni ti trong PLC. PLC nh c th c
ti hng trm rle ni, cc rle ni u c nui bng ngun d phng khi mt in.
Mt s k hiu cc rle ni:
45
Hng
Tn gi
K hiu
V d
Misubishi
Rle ph hoc b nh du
M100; M101
Siemens
C hiu
F0.0; F0.1
Sprecher v Schuh Cun dy
C001; C002
TelemecaniQue
Bt
B0; B1
Toshiba
Rle ni
R000; R001
Bradley
Lu tr bt
B3/001 ; B3/002
V d: S dng rle ni (ca Misibishi)

0 LD X 400
1 OR X 403
2 ANI X 404
3 OUT M 100
4 LD M 100
5 AND X 401
6 OUTY 433
4. Cc rle thi gian
Trong cc h thng iu khin lun lun phi s dng rle thi gian duy tr
thi gian cho qu trnh iu khin. Trong cc PLC ngi ta cng gn cc rle thi gian
vo trong . Tuy nhin, thi gian y c xc nh nh ng h trong CPU. Cc
rle thi gian cng c cc tn gi khc nhau nhng thng gi nht l b thi gian
(Time).
Cc nh sn xut PLC khng thng nht v cch lp trnh cho cc rle thi gian
ny. Mi loi PLC (thm ch trong cng hng) cng c cc k hiu v cch lp trnh
rt khc nhau cho rle thi gian. S lng rle thi gian trong mi PLC cng rt khc
nhau.
im chung nht i vi cc rle thi gian l cc hng u coi rle thi gian l
cc u ra ni, do rle thi gian l u ra ca nc thang, hay ca mt on chng
trnh.
5. Cc b m
B m cho php m tn sut xut hin tn hiu vo. B m c th c dng
trong trng hp m cc sn phm di chuyn trn bng chuyn v s sn phm xc
nh cn chuyn vo thng. B m c th m s vng quay ca trc, hoc s ngi
i qua ca. Cc b m ny c ci t sn trong PLC.
C hai loi b m c bn l b m tin v b m li. Cc nh sn xut PLC
cng s dng cc b m theo nhng cch khc nhau. Tuy nhin, cng nh cc b thi
gian, b m cng c coi l u ra ca PLC v y cng l u ra ni, xut tn
46
hiu ra ngoi phi qua u ra ngoi vi (c chn ni ra ngoi PLC).

3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC
Trc y, b PLC thng rt t, kh nng hot ng b hn ch v quy trnh
lp trnh phc tp. V nhng l do m PLC ch c dng trong nhng nh my v
cc thit b c bit. Ngy nay do gim gi lin tc, km theo tng kh nng ca PLC
dn n kt qu l ngy cng c p dng rng ri cho cc thit b my mc. Cc b
PLC n khi vi 24 knh u vo v 16 knh u ra thch hp vi cc my tiu
chun n, cc trang thit b lin hp. Cn cc b PLC vi nhiu kh nng ng dng
v la chn c dng cho nhng nhim v phc tp hn.
C th k ra cc u im ca PLC nh sau:
+ Chun b vo hot ng nhanh: Thit k kiu module cho php thch nghi
nhanh vi mi chc nng iu khin. Khi c lp ghp th PLC sn sng lm vic
ngay. Ngoi ra n cn c s dng li cho cc ng dng khc d dng.
+ tin cy cao: Cc linh kin in t c tui th di hn cc thit b c-in.
tin cy ca PLC ngy cng tng, bo dng nh k thng khng cn thit cn
vi mch rle cng tc t th vic bo dng nh k l cn thit.
+ D dng thay i chng trnh: Nhng thay i chng trnh c tin hnh
n gin. sa i h thng iu khin v cc quy tc iu khin ang c s
dng, ngi vn hnh ch cn nhp tp lnh khc, gn nh khng cn mc ni li dy
(tuy nhin, c th vn phi ni li nu cn thit). Nh h thng rt linh hot v hiu
qu.
+ nh gi nhu cu n gin: Khi bit cc u vo v cc u ra th c th nh
gi c kch c yu cu ca b nh hay di chng trnh. Do , c th d dng
v nhanh chng la chn PLC ph hp vi cc yu cu cng ngh t ra.
+ Kh nng ti to: Nu dng nhiu PLC vi quy cch k thut ging nhau th
chi ph lao ng s gim thp hn nhiu so vi b iu khin rle, l do gim phn
ln lao ng lp rp.
+ Tit kim khng gian: PLC i hi t khng gian hn so vi b iu khin rle
tng ng.
+ C tnh cht nhiu chc nng: PLC c u im chnh l c th s dng cng
mt thit b iu khin c bn cho nhiu h thng iu khin. Ngi ta thng dng
PLC cho cc qu trnh t ng linh hot v d dng thun tin trong tnh ton, so snh
cc gi tr tng quan, thay i chng trnh v thay i cc thng s.
+ V gi tr kinh t: Khi xt v gi tr kinh t ca PLC phi cp n s lng
u ra v u vo. Quan h v gi thnh vi s lng u vo/ra c dng nh hnh
3.17. Trn hnh 3.17 th hin, nu s lng u vo/ra qu t th h rle t ra kinh t
hn, nhng khi s lng u vo/ra tng ln th h PLC kinh t hn hn.
47
Khi tnh n gi c ca PLC th khng th khng k n gi ca cc b phn ph

khng th thiu nh thit b lp trnh, my in, bng ghi... c vic o to nhn vin k
thut. Ni chung nhng phn mm thit k lp trnh cho cc mc ch c bit l
kh t. Ngy nay nhiu hng ch to PLC cung cp chn b ng gi phn mm
c th nghim, nhng vic thay th, sa i cc phn mm l nhu cu khng th
trnh khi, do , vn cn thit phi c k nng phn mm.
Phn b gi c cho vic lp t mt PLC thng nh sau:
- 50% cho phn cng ca PLC.
- 10% cho thit k khun kh chng trnh.
- 20% cho son tho v lp trnh.
- 15% cho chy th nghim.
- 5% cho ti liu.
Vic lp t mt PLC tip theo ch bng khong 1/2 gi thnh ca b u tin,
ngha l hu nh ch cn chi ph phn cng.
C th so snh h iu khin rle v h iu khin PLC nh sau:
H rle:
+ Nhiu b phn c chun ho.
+ t nhy cm vi nhiu.
+ Kinh t vi cc h thng nh.
- Thi gian lp t lu.
- Thay i kh khn
- Kh theo di v kim tra cc h thng ln, phc tp.
- Cn bo qun thng xuyn.
- Kch thc ln.
H PLC
+ Thay i d dng qua cng ngh phch cm.
+ Lp t n gin.
+ Thay i nhanh quy trnh iu khin.
+ Kch thc nh.
+ C th ni vi mng my tnh.
- Gi thnh cao
B thit b lp trnh thng t, s dng t.
48
CHNG 4: B IU KHIN PLC CPM1A

4.l. Cu hnh cng
1. Cu to ca h PLC CPM1A
PLC CPM1A thuc h OMRON do Nht bn sn xut. y l loi PLC n
khi c th lp ghp thm cc module v lp ghp nhiu PLC vi nhau. n v c bn
ca PLC CPM1A nh hnh 4.1 .
Trong :
1. Cc n bo h thng:
+ n PWR (xanh): bo ngun,
+ n RUN (xanh): PLC ang ch chy hoc kim tra, (n tt th PLC
ang ch lp trnh hoc c li),
+ n ERR/ALM ():
+ Sng: C li, PLC khng hot ng,

+ Nhp nhy, hoc tt: PLC ang hot ng,
+ COMM (da cam): D liu ang c truyn ti cng ngoi vi.

2. Cng ghp ni vi my tnh hoc thit b lp trnh (c np y).
3. Cc n ch th v a ch ra, (sng nu c tn hiu ra).
4. Chn ni cho u ra (c np y).
5. Cc n ch th v a ch vo, (sng nu c tn hiu vo).
6. Chn ni cho u vo (c np y).
2. Cc thng s k thut
2.1. Cc loi CPM1A
49
Trong h CPM1A c cc PLC sau:

M hiu
CPM1A-10CDR-A
CPM1A-10CDR-D
CPM1A-20CDR-A
CPM1A-20CDR-D
CPM1A-30CDR-A
CPM1A-30CDR-D
CPM1A-40CDR-A
CPM1A-40CDR-D
Ngun cung cp
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
AD
AC
DC
S u vo S u ra Tng s I/O
6
10
12
20
18
12
30
24
16
40
2.2. Thng s chung

Mc
in p
cung cp
Phm vi
in p
Tiu th
in
Dng in
Ngun cp ra
(ch c kiu AC)
in tr cch ly
Kiu AC
Kiu DC
Kiu AC
Kiu DC
Kiu AC
Kiu DC
p
dng
bn xung lc
Nhit mi trng
m mi trng
Mi trng lm vic
Thi gian cho gin on
ngun
Trong lng
Kiu AC
CPU
Kiu DC
10-u I/O 20-u I/O 30-u I/O

40-u I/O
100 n 240v AC, 50/60 Hz
24v DC
85 n 264 v AC
20,4 n 26,4v DC
max 30 VA
max 60 VA
max 6 W
max 20 W
max 30 A
max 60 A
24 VDC
200 mA
300 mA
20 M min. (ti 500v DC) gia cc AC v cc tip a.
147m/s2 (20G) ba ln mi chiu X, Y v Z
Nhit lm vic: 0 n 55Co
Nhit bo qun: -20 n 75Co
10% to 90% (with no condensation)
Khng lm vic trong mi trng kh t
Kiu AC: min 10ms; Kiu DC: min 2ms. (Thi gian
gin on tnh khi ngun nh hn 85% nh mc)
Max 400 g Max 500 g Max 600 g
Max 700 g
Max 300 g Max 400 g Max 500 g
Max 600 g
2.3 Cc c trng
Mc
di lnh
Kiu lnh
Thi gian thc hin
Dung lng chng trnh
Vo ra cc Ch CPU
i
C module
m rng
50
10 - u I/O 20 - u I/O 30 - u I/O 40 - u I/O

T 1 n 5 t cho 1 lnh
Lnh c bn: 14; lnh c bit: 77 kiu, tng 135 lnh
Lnh c bn: 0,72 n 16,2 s
Lnh c bit: 12,375 s (lnh MOV)
2.048 t (Words)
6 input
12 input
18 input
24 input
4 output
8 output
12 output
16 output
------54 input
60 input
36 output
40 output
Mc
Vo dng bt
Ra dng bt
T bt (vng IR )
Bt c bit (vng SR)
Bt nh tm thi (vng
TR)
Bt gi (vng HR)
Bt b tr (Vng AR)
Bt lin kt (vng LR)
Timers/Cunters
Nh d liu
X l ngt
Bo v b nh
Sao lu b nh
Chc nng t chun on
Chng trnh kim tra
B m tc cao
Nhp hng s thi gian

t tn hiu analog
10 - u I/O 20 - u I/O 30 - u I/O 40 - u I/O

00000 n 00915 (Words 0 n 9)
01000 n 01915 (Words 10 to 19)
5 1 2 bts : IR20000 to 23115 (words IR 200 to IR 231 )
384 bts: SR 23200 to 25515 (words SR 232 to IR 255)
8 bts (TR0 to TR7)
320 bts: HR 0000 to HR 1915 (words HR 00 to HR 19)
256 bts:AR 0000 to AR 1515 (words AR 00 to AR 15)
256 bts : LR 0000 to LR 1515 (words LR 00 to LR 15 )
128 Timers/counters (TIM/CNT 000 to TIM/CNT 127)
100 - ms Timers: TIM 000 to TIM 127
10 - ms Timers: TIM 00 to TIM 127
Read/write: 1.024 words (DM 0000 to DM 1023 )
Read-only: 512 words (DM 6144 to DM 6655)
2 im (thi gian phn ng:
4 im (thi gian phn ng:
Max 0,3 ms.)
Max: 0,3 ms)
HR, AR, S liu trong vng nh ni dung v s m c
bo v khi ngun b gin on.
T in d phng: s liu nh (c/vit), bt gi, bt nh b
tr, b m (20 ngy trong iu kin nhit 25oC)
CPU b hng, I/O li ng dn, li b nh.
Khng c lnh kt thc, li ca chng trnh (lin tc kim
tra trong thi gian lm vic)
1 b: 5 kHz 1 pha, hoc 2.5 kHz 2 pha
Kiu tng dn: 0 n 65.535 (16 bts)
Kiu tng/gim: -32.767 n 32.767 (16 bts)
C th t 1 ms, 2 ms, 4 ms, 8 ms, 16 ms, 32 ms, 64 ms, hoc
128 ms
2 ng (0 n 200 BCD)
2.4. Cu trc vng nh

D liu
IR vo
Ra
lm
vic
SR
TR
T (words)
IR 000 n IR 009 (10
words)
IR 010 n IR 019 (10
words)
Ir 200 n IR 231 (32
words)
SR 232 n SR 255 (24
words)
---
Bt
IR 00000 n IR
00915 (160 bts )
IR 01000 n IR
01915 (160 bts)
Ir 20000 n IR to 23
115 (5 2 bts)
SR 23200 n 25515
(384 bts)
Chc nng
Cc bt ny c th lm vic
vng vo ra m rng
Cc t bt ny c th s dng
tu trong chng trnh
Nhng bt ny phc v cho
chc nng c bit nh c v bt
iu khin.
TR 0 n TR 7 (8 bts) Bt ny c s dng trng
thi ng m trong chng
trnh phn nhnh
51
D liu
HR
Ar
LR
Timer/
couter
DM c
/vit
Ghi
li
Ch
c
Ci
t
PC
T (words)
HR 00 n HR 19 (20
words)
AR 00 n HR 15 (1 6
words)
Bt
HR 0000 dn HR 1915
(320 bts)
AR 0000 n HR 1515
(256 bts)
Chc nng
Nhng bt ny lu gi trng thi
ng m khi mt ngun ngoi.
Nhng bt ny phc v cho
chc nng c bit nh c v bt
iu khin.
LR 00 n LR 15 (16 LR 00000 n LR S dng kt ni vi PC khc
words)
1515 (256 bts )
TC 000 n TC 127 (timer/counter)
S ging nhau s dng cho c
thu v couter.
DM l d liu ch truy cp dng
DM 0000 DM 0999 --t (words). Cc d liu dng t
DM 1022 DM 1023
(words) c ct gi khi mt
(1,002 words)
ngun.
DM 1000 n DM --S dng ghi thi gian s c
1021 (22 words)
v li xut hin. T y c th
c/ghi khi li xut hin.
DM 6144 n DM - Khng th ghi ln chng
6599 (456 words)
trnh
Di 6600 n DM 6655 s dng n nhiu vng tham s
(%6 words)
iu khin lm vic ca PC
Ch :
1. Bt IR v LR khi cha s dng cho cc chc nng chnh th c th s dng nh bt
lm vic.
2. Ni dung ca vng HR, LR, Counter, v vng c/ghi DM c th c lu gi bng
t in nhit 25oC, vi thi gian 20 ngy.
3. Khi truy nhp cc s PV, TC th d liu dng t (words), khi truy cp vo c th d
liu dng bt.
4. D liu trong DM 6144 n DM 6655 khng th ghi t chng trnh nhng c
th thay i t thit b ngoi "Peripheral Device".
2.5. Cc vo ra - cc bt vng IR cho vo ra m rng
Bng sau cho bit cc bt vng IR dng cho module vo ra m rng ca CPM1A
v cc loi module m rng.
S vo/ra
ca CPU
10
20
52
im ni CPU (a
im ni vng m
ch)
rng (a ch)
Vo
Ra
Vo
Ra
im:
6 im: 4
--00000 01000
--01003
00005
12 im: 8 im :
00000 01000
00011
01007
---
---
Ngun
S module
AC
DC
CPM1A-10CDR-A
CPM1A-10CDR-D
AC
DC
CPM1A-20CDR-A
CPM1A-20CDR-D
S vo/ra
ca CPU
30
40
im ni CPU (a
ch)
Vo
Ra
18 im: 12
im:
00000 01000
00011
01007
00100 01100
00105
01103
20 im: 16 im :
00000 01000
00011
11007
00100 01100
00111
01107
im ni vng m
rng (a ch)
Vo
Ra
36 im: 24 im:
00200 01200
00211
01207
00300 01300
00311
01307
00400 01400
00411
01407
Ngun
S module
AC
DC
CPM1A-30CDR-A
CPM1A-30CDR-D
AC
DC
CPM1A-40CDR-A
CPM1A-40CDR-D
4.2. Ghp ni
PLC CPM1A c th ghp ni vi 32 b PLC cng loi thnh h thng. lp
trnh cho PLC th c th ghp ni n vi thit b lp trnh cm tay, b lp trnh chuyn
dng hoc my tnh tng thch.
1. Ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh cm tay: Ni trc tip cp ca thit b cm tay
vo PLC nh hnh 4.2.
Hnh 4.2. Ghp ni PLC vi thit b lp trnh cm tay

2. Ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng hoc my tnh tng thch
Khi ghp ni vi my tnh tng thch ngi ta dng cp ni chun RS-232C v

53
b phi hp RS-232 (hoc RS-422) hoc cp chuyn i loi CQMI-CIF02. Ghp ni

vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng nh hnh 4.3. PLC c ghp ni vi cng ni tip
(COM) ca my tnh.
3. Ghp ni nhiu PLC v my tnh
C th ghp thnh h thng nh ni cc PLC - CPM1A vi nhau, s PLC CPM1A c th ghp ti a l 32, h thng ny c th ni vi my tnh tng thch, s
nh hnh 4.4. Chiu di ln nht cho php ca cp RS-422 l 500 m.
PLC - CPM 1 A
Hnh 4.4. Ghp ni nhiu PLC

4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh
1. Cu trc chng trnh PLC CPM1A
Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC CPM1A c th c vit dng n khi
hoc a khi.
Chng trnh n khi
Chng trnh n khi ch vit cho cc cng vic t ng n gin, cc lnh
c vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng khi
OBI. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng n quay tr
li lnh u tin.
Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc)
Khi nhim v t ng ho phc tp ngi ta chia chng trnh iu khin ra
thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia.
Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi sang lm vic
54
vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v thc hin tip
chng trnh tm dng khi c.
2. Bng lnh ca PLC PCM1A
Xem phn "Bng lnh" ph lc 2
3. Lp trnh cc lnh logic c bn ca PLC PCM1A
Vi PLC ny c:
12 u vo vi a ch xc nh t 000.00 n 000.11.
8 u ra vi a ch xc nh t 010.00 n 010.07.
Khi lp trnh phn mm lp trnh t hiu cc a ch trn, khng cn a khi

nim phn bit vo/ra. Nu a thm khi nim vo/ra (X/Y) phn mm s khng
chp nhn.
Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc END chng trnh mi chy.
3.1. Lnh AND
Lp trnh dng LAD (c th lp trnh dng STL v kim tra li dng LAD).
LD
000.00
AND
000.03
AND
000.04
OUT
010.00
+ Xem li chng trnh t

biu tng (phn ph lc 1)
+ Chn trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi PROGRAM (STOP/PRG) nh
Shift + F10 hoc biu tng "PLC Mode". chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng
hoc t ng dn (nh ph lc l).
+ Chn trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi RUN nh Shift + F10 hoc biu
tng "PLC Mode" chy chng trnh.
3.2. Lnh AND NOT
Dng STL
LD
000.03
AND NOT
000.00
AND
000.04
OUT
010.00
END
3.3. Lnh OR: Dng SLT
LD
000.03
OR
000.04
OR
000.05
55
OUT
010.02
END
3.4. Lnh OR NOT
Dng STL
LD
00.03
OR NOT 00.04
OR
000.05
OUT
010.02
END
3. 5. Lnh OR gia hai 1nh AND
Dng STL
LD
000.03
AND
000.04
LD
000.05
AND
000.06
OR LD
OUT
010.00
END
3.6. Lnh thi gian tr
Dng STL
LD
000.03
TIM
000
LD
TIM000
OUT
010.00
#010
END
Ch :
+ Trong lnh (TIM 000 #010) lot s u ch
s hiu ca rle thi gian (rle thi
gian s 0), lot s th hai ch thi gian t (10s)
+ Khi u vo 000.03 c gi tr 1 th b thi gian bt
u tnh thi gian, khi 10s th b thi gian cho gi
tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr 1.
3.7. B m
56
LD
000.03
LD
000.00
CNT000
LD
#005
CNT000
OUT010.00
END
Ch :
+ u vo th nht (000.03) l u vo m, mi khi u vo ny nhn gi tr 1
th b m m mt ln.
+ u vo th hai (000.00) l u vo reset b m, khi u vo ny nhn gi tr
1 th b m b reset v trng thi ban u.
+ Trong lnh (CNT 001 #0051 lot s u ch s hiu ca b m (b m s 1
lot s th hai ch s m t (5 s), khi u vo 000.03 t 5 ln gi tr 1 th b
m cho gi tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr 1.
57
CHNG 5: B IU KHIN PLC - S5

5.l. Cu to ca h PLC Step5
PLC Step 5 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC hn
hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn
sau c th ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi, c cc module m
rng tiu chun S5-100U. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng
m c th l hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th.
1. n v c bn
n v c bn ca PLC S5- 95U nh hnh 5.1.
Trong :
1. Ngn c quy,
2. Cng tc m in c quy,
3. Cng tt m ngun,
4. Bng cm v n bo cho u vo v ra logic, c: 16 u vo t I32.0 n
I33.7; 16 u ra t Q32.0 n Q33.7,
5. u ni ngun 24v cho khi c bn,
6. Giao din cho u vo b ngt IW59.0 n IW59.3 v u vo b m IW36
n IW38,
7. Giao din ni tip vi my lp trnh hoc my tnh,
8. Giao din tip nhn module nh ngoi,
9. Giao din cho u vo ra analog,
10. Cng tc chn ch RUN, STOP,
58
11. n bo ch STOP,
12. n bo ch RUN,
13. n bo li.
2. Cc module vo ra m rng
Khi qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u v u ra nhiu hn s lng sn
c trn n v c bn hoc khi cn nhng chc nng c bit th c th m rng n v
c bn bng cch g thm cc module ngoi. Ti a c th g thm 8 module vo ra
qua 8 v tr c sn trn panen v pha phi. Thng Step 5 s dng cc module m
rng:
+ Module vo, ra s duy tr,
+ Module vo, ra s khng duy tr ly t S5-100U,
+ Module vo, ra tng t khng duy tr ly t S5-100U,
+ Module thng tin khng duy tr CCP.
* Quy c cc chn ca module m rng nh hnh 5.2.
+ Chn l: Dng ngun (L+),
+ Chn 2: m ngun (M),
+ Chn 4: Knh s 0,
+ Chn 3: Knh s 1,
+ Chn 6: Knh s 2,
+ Chn 5 : Knh s 3,
+ Chn 8: Knh s 4,
+ Chn 7: Knh s 5,
+ Chn 1 0 : Knh s 6 +
Chn 9: Knh s 7.
5.2. a ch v gn a ch
Trong PLC cc a ch cn gi thng tin n hoc ly thng tin i u phi c a
ch lin lc. a ch l con s hoc t hp cc con s i theo sau ch ci. Ch ci
ch loi a ch, con s hoc t hp con s ch s hiu a ch.
Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b m
(C) v c (F), ch cn mt trong 3 ch ci km theo mt s l , v d: T1, C32,
F6...
Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc module chc nng c a ch phc,
cch gn a ch ging nhau. Xt cch gn a ch cho cc u vo, ra.
C hai loi u vo ra:
+ u vo ra trn khi c bn (gn lin vi CPU), cc u vo ra ny c a ch
59
khng i, vi S5-95U l I32.0 n I33.7, Q32.0 n Q33.3,

+ u vo ra trn cc module m rng th a ch ph thuc vo v tr lp t ca
module trn panen. Ch lp module trn panen gi l khe (slot), cc khe u c nh
s, khe s 0 ng lin vi n v c bn v c th tip tc.
1. a ch vo/ra trn module s
Khi lp module s vo ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mang s hiu ca khe
. Trn mi module th mi u vo ra l mt knh, cc knh u c nh s. a
ch ca mi u vo ra l s ghp ca s hiu khe v knh, s hiu khe ng trc, s
hiu knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm. S hiu khe v knh nh hnh 5. 3 .
V d: a ch ca knh s 2 trn module cm vo khe s 0 l 0.2.
Khe s:
1 2 3 ...
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
:
:
:
:
7
7
7
7
Hnh 5.3. S hiu khe v knh trn module s
n
v c
bn
Mi u vo ra trn module s ch th hin c ti mt thi im mt trong hai

trng thi "1" hoc "0". Nh vy, mi knh ca module s ch c biu din bng
mt bt s liu, v vy a ch ca knh trn module s cn c gi l a ch bt, mi
module mang nhiu knh tc l cha nhiu bt, thng l 8 bt hay mt byte, v vy a
ch khe cn gi l a ch byte.
Module s c th c lp trn bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC.
2. a ch vo ra trn module tng t
din t mt gi tr tng t phi cn nhiu bt. Trong PLC S5 ngi ta dng
16 bt (mt word). Cc lnh tng t c th c gn a ch byte hoc a ch word
khi dng lnh np hoc truyn.
Ch c th lp module tng t vo khe 0 n 7. Mi khe c 4 knh, mi knh
mang 2 a ch nh s l 64 + 65 (u khe 0) n 126 + 127 (cui khe 7) nh
hnh 5.4.
Nh vy, mi knh mang a ch ring khng km theo a ch khe, c a ch
knh l bit n nm khe no.
V d: Mt module tng t lp vo khe s 2 trn knh s 0 mang a ch byte 80
v 81.
Khe s: 0
n 64+65 72+73 80+81 88+89

96+97
l04+l05
v c 66+67 74+75 82+83 90+91
98+99
106+107
bn 68+69 76+77 84+85 92+93 100+l01 l08+l09
70+ 71 78+79 86+87 94+95 102+103 110+111
Hnh 5.4. a ch module tng t
60
112+113
114+115
116+117
118+119
120+121
122+123
124+125
126+127
Ch : Cc khe trng bao gi cng c trng thi tn hiu "0".

5.3. Vng i tng
TT
Tn tham s
Din gii
Vng tham s
ACCUM 1
c quy 1
ACCUM2
c quy 2
BN
Hng s byte
B m
CC0/CC1
M iu kin 1 v m iu kin 2
S liu dng bt
0.0 n 255.15
DB
Khi s liu
2 n 255
DL
T (word) d liu tri
0 n 255
DR
T (word) d liu phi
0 n 225
10
DW
T (word) d liu
0 n 255
11
0.0 n 63.7
64.0 n 255.7
12
FB
Khi hm
0 n 255
13
FW
T (word) c - C nh
- Khng nh
0 n 62
64 n 254
14
FY
T (word) byte - C nh
- Khng nh
0 n 63
64 n 255
15
u vo bt
0.0 n 127.7
16
IB
u vo byte
0 n 127
17
Iw
u vo t (word)
0 n 126
18
KB
Hng s 1 byte
0 n 255
19
KC
Hng s m
0 n 999
20
KF
Hng s
-32768 n 32677
21
KH
Hng s dng c s 16
0000 n FFFF
22
KM
Hng s bt dng byte
Mi byte 16 bt
23
KS
Hng s cho k t
2 k t ASCII
24
KT
Hng s cho thi gian
0.0 dn 999.3
25
KY
Hng s
0 n 255 cho mi byte
26
OB
Khi t chc (khi c bit: 1, 3, 13, 21, 0 n 255

31, 34, 251)
27
PB
Khi chng trnh
0 n 255
28
PB/PY
m ngoi vi vo ra
0 n 127
29
PII
B m u vo
30
PIQ
B m u ra
-127 n 127
- C nh
- Khng nh
- C nh
- Khng nh
0 n 7
8 n 127
61
TT
Tn tham s
Din gii
Vng tham s
31
PW
m ngoi vi dng t (word)
0 n 125
32
u ra bt
0.0 n 127.7
33
QB
u ra dng byte
0 n 127
34
QW
u ra dng t (word)
0 n 125
35
RS
Vng s liu h thng
0 n 255
36
SB
Khi dy
0 n 255
37
B thi gian
0 n 127
5.4. Cu trc ca chng trnh S5

1. Cu trc chng trnh
Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S5 c th c vit dng n khi hoc
a khi.
Chng trnh n khi
OBI. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng n quay tr
li lnh u tin.
Ngi lp trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia thnh lp, ti a l 16 lp
Nu s lp vt qu gii hn th PLC t ng v trng thi ban u.
2. Khi v on (Block and Segment)
Cu trc mi khi gm c:
+ u khi gm tn khi, s hiu khi v xc nh chiu di khi.
+ Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment) thc
hin tng cng on ca qu trnh t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt s
dng lnh phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c gi vo
RLO (Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc on cng nh
hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr RLO mi, khc vi
gi tr RLO ca on trc.
+ Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BE.
Cc loi khi:
62
* Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block):

Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin chng
trnh
* Khi chng trnh PB (Program Block):
Khi chng trnh sp xp chng trnh iu khin theo chc nng hoc cc kha
cnh k thut.
* Khi dy SB (Sequence Block):
Khi dy l loi khi c bit c iu khin theo chng trnh dy v c x
l nh khi chng trnh.
* Khi chc nng FB (Function Block):
Khi chc nng l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh iu
khin ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho cc khi
v chng c mt nhm lnh m rng.
* Khi d liu DB (Dm Block) :
Khi d liu lu tr cc d liu cn thit cho vic x l chng trnh iu khin.
5.5. Bng lnh ca S5 - 95U
Cc lnh ca chng trnh S5 c chia thnh ba nhm l:
1. Nhm lnh c bn
Nhm lnh c bn gm nhng lnh s dng cho cc chc nng, thc hin trong
cc khi t chc OB, khi chng trnh PB, khi dy SB v khi chc nng FB. Ngoi
tr hai lnh s hc +F v -F ch c biu din bng phng php dy lnh STL, cn
li tt c cc lnh c bn khc u c th c biu din bng c ba phng php l
bng lnh STL, lu iu khin CSF v biu bc thang LAD.
2. Nhm lnh b tr
Nhm lnh b tr bao gm cc lnh s dng cho cc chc nng phc tp, v d
nh cc lnh thay th, cc chc nng th nghim, cc lnh dch chuyn hoc chuyn
i...
Cc lnh b tr dng trong khi chc nng v c biu din bng phng php
bng lnh STL. Ch c rt t lnh c s dng phng php lu .
3. Nhm lnh h thng
Cc lnh h thng c php thm nhp trc lip vo h thng iu hnh v ch
c th c biu din bng phng php bng lnh STL. Ch khi thc s am hiu v
h thng mi nn s dng cc lnh h thng.
Din di ca cc lnh xem phn "Bng lnh" ph lc 2.
63
5.6. C php mt s lnh c bn ca S5

1. Nhm lnh logic c bn
Khi thc hin lnh u tin ca mt lot php ton logic th ni dung ca i
tng lnh c ly vo s c np ngay vo RLO (kt qu ca php ton logic) m
khng cn thc hin php ton.
i tng ca cc lnh logic l: I, Q, F, T, C
1.1 Lnh A
Lp trnh dng STL (c th lu trnh dng LAD v kim tra li dng STL).
+ n Enter tr v mn hnh Output.

+ n Shift-F5 Xem dng LAD v CSF, dng LAD nh hnh 5.6.
+ n Shift-F7 ct chng trnh v chng trnh sang PLC, chn yes xc
nhn vic chng trnh ln chng trnh c trong PLC (khi ct th PLC phi
ch STOP).
+ Bt cng tc ca CPU v ch RUN chy chng trnh.
1.2. Lnh AN
Lp trnh dng STL
A
32.0
AN
32.1
32.2
32.0
BE
1.3. Lnh O
Lp trnh dng STL
O
32.0
32.1
32.2
32.0
BE
1.4. Lnh ON
Lp trnh dng STL
O
64
32.0
ON
32.1
32.2
32.0
BE
1.5. Lnh O gia hai lnh A
Lp trnh dng STL
A
32.0
32.1
32.2
32.3
32.0
BE
1.6. Lnh "(" v lnh ")"
Lp trnh dng STL
O
32.0
32.1
32.2
32.3
32.0
O
A
A(
BE
2. Nhm lnh set v reset
Cc lnh set v reset lu gi hoc xo b kt qu ca php ton logic c
hnh thnh trong b x l.
i tng ca cc lnh ny l I, Q, F.
V d l:
A
32.0
32.0
32.1
32.0
NOP0
Khi u vo I32.0 c th u ra Q32.0 c v c gi li cho d I32.0 mt, ch
khi I32.l c th li xo nh lm Q32.0 v khng.
65
Lnh NOP 0 l lnh gi ch cho

phng php LAD. V c u ra Q cha
dng, mun phng php LAD v c hnh
th phi a lnh NOP 0 vo.
V d 2:
A
32.0
17
32.1
17
17
32.0
y l v d v lnh st tri, v khi I32.0 c trng thi 1 th n s xo trng thi

tn hiu trn c F17 v "0" cho n khi I32.1 c trng thi 1 th n s t trng thi 1
cho c F17 sau khng ph thuc I32.0 na. Khi c nhn trng thi 1 th s gn cho
u ra Q32.0 trng thi 1. Khi c I32.0 v I32.l cng c trng thi 1 th c s c trng
thi 1 v lnh st sau, gi l u tin st.
3. Nhm lnh np v truyn
Lnh np v truyn trao i thng tin gia cc vng i tng lnh khc nhau.
Lnh np v truyn chun b gi tr thi gian v gi tr m cho cc lnh thi
gian v lnh m, np hng s phc v vic x l chng trnh.
Lng thng tin c np v truyn thng qua hai thanh ghi tch lu ACCU1 v
ACCU2. Thanh ghi tch lu l thanh ghi c bit trong PLC dng lu tr tm thi
cc thng tin. Mi thanh ghi c di 16 bt.
C th np hoc truyn cc i tng theo byte hoc t (word). trao i theo
byte, thng tin lu tr trong byte phi tc l byte thp ca thanh ghi, s bt cn tha
(ngoi 8 bt) c t khng. C th dng cc lnh khc nhau x l cc thng tin
trong hai thanh ghi.
Cc lnh thuc nhm ny l:
Lnh np L: Ni dung ca i tng (n v byte) c chp vo ACCU1 khng
ph thuc vo RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng. Ni dung trc ca ACCU1
c chuyn dch sang ACCU2, ni dung c ca ACCU2 s b mt.
66
V d: Np lin tip IB7 v IB8 t vng m PII vo thanh ghi tch lu, c s np
nh hnh 5.14.
Lnh truyn T: Ni dung ca ACCU1 c gn cho i tng lnh khng ph
thuc RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng. Khi truyn th thng tin t ACCU1
c chp vo vng nh c a ch ho (v d vng m u ra PIQ). Ni dung
ca ACCU1 khng b mt. Gi tr trc ca vng m u ra PIQ b mt. M t
lnh nh hnh 5.15.
Lnh LD: S m v s thi gian c np vo ACCU1 dng m BCD, khng
ph thuc vo RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng.
Hnh 5.15. Lnh truyn

i tng ca cc lnh ny l:
+ Lnh L: IB, IW, QB, QW, FY, FW, DR, DL, DW, PB/PY, PW, T, C, KM, KH,
KF, KY, KB, KS, KT, KC.
+ Lnh T: IB, IW, QB, QW, FY, FW, DR, DL, DW, PB/PY, PW.
+ Lnh LD: T, C.
4. Nhm lnh thi gian
Chng trnh iu khin s dng cc lnh thi gian theo di, kim sot v
qun l cc hot ng c lin quan n thi gian.
4.1. Np gi tr thi gian
Khi mt b thi gian c khi pht th ni dung trong ACCU1 (dng t 16 bt)
c dng lm gi tr tnh thi gian. Do , mun dng cc lnh thi gian phi np gi
tr thi gian cn t vo ACCU1 trc khi b thi gian hot ng.
C th np cc kiu d liu sau dng cho cc lnh thi gian:
+ KT: gi tr thi gian hng s.
+ DW: t (word) d liu.
+ IW: t (word) u vo.
+ QW: t (word) u ra.
+ FW: t (word) c.
Tr loi KT cc loi cn li phi dng m BCD.
Np thi gian hng s: L KT 40.2
Trong lnh c: KT ch r l hng s.
S 40: h s (c th gn t 0 n 999).
67
S 2: l m, c 4 m:
0 tng ng 0,01s;
1 tng ng 0,1s;
2 tng ng 1s;
3 tng ng 10s.
Vi s trn th thi gian c tnh l t = 40 x 1s = 40s .

M cng nh th gi tr thi gian cng chnh xc, v vy nn dng m nh.
Np thi gian di dng u vo, u ra, hoc t d liu: V d mun np mt
gi tr thi gian t mt t d liu DW2 vo ACCU1, vit lnh sau:
L DW2
Nh vy, trc khi thc hin lnh ny th gi tr thi gian c lu sn trong
t d liu DW2 di dng m BCD.
V d trong DW2 c cc s nh hnh 5.16:
M thi gian cng c s dng nh trn.

t = 638 x 1s = 638s .
Vy, trc khi dng lnh np trn phi dng chng trnh iu khin vit gi
tr thi gian vo t d liu DW2. V d vit gi tr thi gian 27s vo t d liu DW2
trong khi DB3 ri sau np vo ACCU1 nh sau:
C
DB3
KT 270. 1
DW2
DW2
4.2. c gi tr thi gian hin hnh

C th dng hai lnh L v LD a gi tr thi gian hin hnh ca b thi gian
T vo ACCU1 x l.
L
Tl
% c gi tr thi gian dng nh phn.
LD
Tl
% c gi tr thi gian dng BCD.
Ch : Lnh L v T i vi T v C th bao gi cng c gi tr nh phn cn i vi cc

i tng khc th cng c th c gi tr nh phn hoc dng BCD tu theo trng
hp c th.
4.3. Cc lnh
68
1. B thi gian xung SP

B thi gian c khi pht ln 1 ti si ln ca RLO khi RLO l 1 th b thi
gian vn duy tr trng thi 1 cho n khi t gi tr t mi xung. Nhng khi RLO v
khng th b thi gian v khng ngay.
Lp trnh dng STL (c th lp trnh dng LAD v kim tra li dng STL).
A
32.0
KT
500.0
NOP
NOP
NOP
32.0
BE
Hnh 5.17. Gin thi gian v dng LAD lnh SP

Khi lp trnh cn ba chn R, BI v DE cha s dng phi dng lnh NOP gi
ch. Chn R l chn xo gi tr thi gian hin hnh, chn BI l chn ly gi tr
thi gian hin thi dng nh phn, chn DE l chn ly gi tr thi gian hin thi
dng m BCD, c th dng lnh L hoc LD c cc gi tr thi gian.
2. B thi gian m rng SE
B thi gian xung m rng SE c khi pht ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO sau
khng ph thuc RLO na cho n khi thi gian t mi v khng.
Lp trnh dng STL
C
DB
KT
500.0
IW
16
33.0
IW
16
SE
NOP0
NOP0
69
NOP0
A
T2
33.0
BE
3. B thi gian bt u tr SD
Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian
t trong lnh. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cng b t ngay v khng.
Lp trnh dng STL.
C
DB
KT
50.1
FW
16
33.0
W16
33.0
NOP0
NOP0
NOP0
=
BE
4. B thi gian bt u tr lu tr SS
Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi
sn ln ca RLO mt khong thi gian
bng thi gian t trong lnh v sau
khng ph thuc RLO na. N ch v
khng khi c lnh xo R.
A
33.0
KT
500.0
SS
32.0
NOP
NOP
32.0
BE
5. B thi gian tt tr SF
70
B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian tip

tc duy tr trng thi mt khong thi gian na bng khong t trong lnh ri mi
v khng. xo thi gian dng lnh R, khi c lnh R t 0 ln 1 th b thi gian c
t v khng v trng thi tn hiu vn gi 0 cho n khi b thi gian c khi pht
li.
A
33.0
KT
50.1
SF
NOP
NOP
NOP
A
=
T
Q
4
33.0
BE
5. Nhm lnh m
5.1. Np gi tr m
Cng nh b thi gian khi mt b m c khi pht th ni dung trong
ACCU1 (dng t 16 bt) c dng lm gi tr m. Do , mun dng cc lnh m
phi np gi tr m vo ACCU1 trc khi b m hot ng.
C cc kiu d liu sau dng cho cc lnh m:
+ KC: gi tr hng s.
+ DW: t (word) d liu.
+ IW: t (word) u vo.
+ QW: t (word) u ra.
+ FW: t (word) c.
Tr loi KC cc loi cn li phi dng m BCD.
Np gi tr m hng s. L KC 38
S m t 0 n 999
71
Np s m di dng u vo, u ra, hoc t d liu: V d mun np mt gi

tr m t mt t d liu DW2 vo ACCU1, vit lnh sau:
L DW2
Nh vy, trc khi thc hin lnh ny th gi tr m c lu sn trong t d

liu DW2 di dng m BCD.
V d trong DW2 c cc s nh hnh 5.22:
Vi lnh trn th s 638 c np vo DW2.
i tng ca lnh: C hai lnh m ch c mt i tng l b m C vi cc

s hiu tu thuc loi PLC.
5.2. Chun b thc hin cc lnh m

+ t b m: Sau khi np gi tr m dng lnh S cho b m lm vic.
+ Xo b m: Khi m ti mt gi tr no dng lnh R xo, tc l
ngng m v a gi tr m v khng, nu khng dng lnh ny khi m gi tr
t b m gi nguyn trng thi khng v khng.
+ Qut b m: Dng lnh logic boole qut b m (v d lnh A). Nu b
m cha v khng th kt qu qut c trng thi 1 .
+ Xut ra trng thi b m hin hnh: C th dng lnh L v LD a trng
thi b m hin hnh vo ACCU1 x l sau ny, lnh L dng cho s nh phn,
lnh LD dng cho s BCD.
4.3. Cc lnh
1. Lnh m xung CD
S m gim i mt n v
lc xut hin mt sn ln ca
RLO. Khi RLO v khng s m
khng b nh hng.
A
32.1
CD
NOP
A
32.2
CK
NOP
72
NOP
NOP
BE
Chn BI l chn ly gi tr m hin thi dng nh phn, chn DE l chn
ly gi tr m hin thi dng m BCD, c th dng lnh L hoc LD c cc gi tr
m.
2. Lnh m ln CU
S m tng mt n v lc xut hin sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng s
m khng bi nh hng.
A
32.1
CU
33.1
NOP0
NOP0
NOP0
NOP
NOP
33.1
BE
73

6.1. Cu hnh cng
hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn
sau c th ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi. C cc module m
rng tiu chun. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng m c th
t hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th.
1. n v c bn
1.1. Cu trc n v c bn
n v c bn ca PLC S7-200 (CPU 3 14) nh hnh 6. 1
Trong :
1. Chn cm cng ra,
2. Chn cm cng vo,
3. Cc n trng thi:
SF (n ): Bo hiu h thng b hng,
RUN (n xanh): Ch nh rng PLC ang ch lm vic,
STOP (n vng): Ch nh rng PLC ang ch dng,
4. n xanh cng vo ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng vo,
5. Cng truyn thng,
6. n xanh cng ra ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng ra,
7. Cng tc.
Ch lm vic: Cng tc chn ch lm vic c ba v tr
+ RUN: cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh trong b nh. PLC s t chuyn
74
v trng thi STOP khi my c s c, hoc trong chng trnh gp lnh STOP, do
khi chy nn quan st trng thi thc ca PLC theo n bo.
+ STOP: cng bc PLC dng cng vic ang thc hin, chuyn v trng thi
ngh. ch ny PLC cho php hiu chnh li chng trnh hoc np mt chng
trnh mi.
+ TERM: cho php PLC t quyt nh mt ch lm vic (hoc RUN hoc
STOP)
Chnh nh tng t: Nm iu chnh tng t t di np y cnh cng ra,
nm iu chnh tng t cho php iu chnh tn hiu tng t vi gc quay c
270o.
Pin v ngun nui b nh: Ngun pin c t ng chuyn sang trng thi tch
cc khi dung lng nh b cn kit v n thay th ngun d liu khng b mt.
Cng truyn thng: S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS 485 vi phch
cm 9 chn phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc PLC khc.
Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600 boud. Cc chn ca cng truyn
thng l:
1.
2.
24v DC
3.
truyn v nhn d liu
4.
khng dng
5.
6.
5v DC (in tr trong 100
7.
24v DC (1 20 ma)
8.
truyn v nhn d liu
9.
khng dng.
1.2. Thng s
Vi CPU 214:
+ 14 cng vo v 10 cng ra logic, c th m rng thm 7 module bao gm c

module analog,
+ Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra,
+ 2048 t n (4 Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng trnh
(vng nh giao din vi EFROM),
+ 2048 t n (4 Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi ghi d liu, trong c 512
t u thuc min khng i,
+ 128 b thi gian (times) chia lm ba loi theo phn di khc nhau: 4 b 1ms
16 b 10 ms v 108 b 100 ms,
75
+ 128 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li,

+ 688 bt nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic,
+ Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln hoc
xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn xung,
+ Ba b m tc cao vi nhp 2 KHZ v 7 KHZ,
+ 2 b pht xung nhanh cho dy xung kiu I7ro hoc kiu PWM,
+ 2 b iu chnh tng t,
+ Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 190h khi PLC
b mt ngun cung cp.
Vi CPU 212:
+ 8 cng vo v 6 cng ra logic, c th m rng thm 2 module bao gm c

module analog,
+ Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra,
+ 512 t n (lkbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng trnh
(vng nh giao din vi EFROM),
+ 512 t n lu d liu, trong c 100 t nh c/ghi thuc min khng i,
+ 64 b thi gian tr (times) trong : 2 b 1 ms, 8 b 10 ms v 54 b 100 ms,
+ 64 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li,
+ 368 bt nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic,
+ Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln hoc
xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn xung,
+ Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 50h khi PLC b
mt ngun cung cp.
Khi qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u v u ra nhiu hn s lng sn
c trn n v c bn hoc khi cn nhng chc nng c bit th c th m rng n v
c bn bng cch g thm cc module ngoi. Ti a c th g thm 7 module vo ra
qua 7 v tr c sn trn panen v pha phi. a ch ca cc v tr ca module c xc
nh bng kiu vo ra v v tr ca module trong rnh, bao gm c cc module cng
kiu. V d mt module cng ra khng th gn a ch module cng vo, cng nh
module tng t khng th gn a ch nh module s v ngc li.
Cc module s hay ri rc u chim ch trong b m, tng ng vi s u
vo ra ca module.
Cch gn a ch c th hin trn hnh 6.3.
76
CPU 214
Module 0
(4 vo, 4 ra)
Module 1
(8 vo)
Module 2
analog
Module 3
(8 ra)
(3 vo, 1 ra)
I2.0
I2.1
I2.2
I2.3
IO.0 QO.O
IO.1 QO.1
IO.2 QO.2
IO.3 QO.3
IO.4 QO.4
IO.5 QO.5
IO.6 QO.6
IO.7 QO.7
I1.0 Q1.0
I1.1 Ql.l
I1.2
I1.3
I1.4
I1.5
Q2.0
Q2.1
Q2.2
Q2.3
I3.0
I3.l
I3.2
I3.3
I3.4
I3.5
I3.6
I3.7
AIW0
AIW2
AIW3
AIW4
AQWO
Module
analog
(3vo,1 ra)
Q3.0
Q3.l
Q3.2
Q3.3
Q3.4
Q3.5
Q3.6
Q3.7
AIW8
AIW10
AIW 12
AQW4
Hnh 6.3. a ch cc module m rng ca S7-200

6.2. Cu trc b nh
B nh ca PLC S7-200 c chia thnh 4 vng chnh l:
1. Vng nh chng trnh
Vng nh chng trnh l min b nh c s dng lu gi cc lnh chng
trnh. Vng ny thuc kiu khng i (non-volatile) c / ghi c.
2. Vng tham s
Vng tham s lu gi cc tham s nh: t kho, a ch trm... vng ny thuc
vng khng i c / ghi c.
3. Vng d liu
Vng d liu ct cc d liu ca chng trnh gm kt qu ca cc php tnh,
cc hng s trong chng trnh.... vng d liu l min nh ng, c th truy nhp
theo tng bt, byte, t (word) hoc t kp.
Vng d liu c chia thnh cc vng nh nh vi cc cng dng khc nhau
l:
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tn tham s
V
I
Q
M
SM ch c
SM c/ghi
Din gii
L min c ghi
m cng vo
m cng ra
Vng nh ni
Vng nh c bit
Vng nh c bit
Tham s
CPU 212
CPU214
0.0 1023.7
0.0 4095.7
0.0 7.7
0.0 7.7
0.0 7.7
0.0 7.7
0.0 15.7
0.0 31.7
0.0 29.7
0.0 29.7
30.0 45.7
30.0 85.7
77
a ch truy nhp c quy c vi cng thc:

* Truy nhp theo bt:
Tn min + a ch byte . ch s bt.
V d : V 150.4 l a ch bt s 4 ca byte 150 thuc min V
* Truy nhp theo byte:
Tn min + B v a ch byte.
V d: VB150 l a ch byte 150 thuc min V.
* Truy nhp theo t (word):
Tn min + W v a ch byte cao ca t.
V d: VW150 l a ch t n gm hai byte 150 v 151 thuc min V, trong byte
150 c vai tr byte cao ca t.
* Truy nhp theo t kp :
Tn min + D v a ch byte cao ca t.
V d : VD150 l a ch t kp gm bn byte 150, 151, 152 v 153 thuc min V,
trong byte 150 c vai tr byte cao, 153 c vai tr l byte thp ca t kp.
Tt c cc byte thuc vng d liu u c th truy nhp bng con tr. Con tr
c nh ngha trong min V hoc cc thanh ghi AC1, AC2, AC3. Mi con tr ch a
ch gm 4 byte (t kp). Quy c s dng con tr truy nhp nh sau:
& + a ch byte cao
V d: + AC1 = &VB150 l thanh ghi AC1 cha a ch byte 150 thuc min V.
+ VD100 = &VW150 l t kp VD100 cha a ch byte cao ca t n
VW150 thuc min V.
+ AC2 : &VD150 l thanh ghi AC2 cha a ch byte cao 150 ca t kp VD150
thuc min V.
Ton hng * (con tr): l ly ni dung ca byte, t hoc t kp m con tr ang
ch vo. Vi cc a ch xc nh trn c cc v d:
V d: + Ly ni dung ca byte VB150 l: *ACI.
+ Ly ni dung ca t n VW150 l: *VD100.
+ Ly ni dung ca t kp VD150 l: *AC2.
Php gn a ch v s dng con tr nh trn cng c tc dng vi nhng thanh
ghi 16 bt ca b thi gian, b m thuc i tng.
4. Vng i tng
Vng i tng lu gi d liu cho cc i tng lp trnh nh cc gi tr tc
thi, gi tr t trc ca b m, hay b thi gian. D liu kiu i tng bao gm
cc thanh ghi ca b thi gian, b m, cc b m cao tc, b m tng t v cc
thanh ghi AC.
78
Kiu d liu i tng b hn ch rt nhiu v cc d liu kiu i tng ch

c ghi theo mc ch cn s dng ca i tng .
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tn
tham s
ACO
AC
C
HSC
AW
AQW
T
Din gii
CPU 212
c quy 0 (khng c kh nng lm con tr)
c quy
13
B m
0 63
B m tc cao
B m cng vo tng t
0 30
B m cng ra tng t
0 30
B thi gian
0 63
Tham s
CPU 214
13
0 n 127
0 n 2
0 n 30
0 n 30
0 n 127
6.3. Chng trnh ca S7-200

1. Cu trc chng trnh S7-200
Cc chng trnh iu khin PLC
S7-200 c vit c cu trc bao gm
chng trnh chnh (main program) sau
n cc chng trnh con v cc
chng trnh s l ngt nh hnh 6.4
- Chng trnh chnh c kt
thc bng lnh kt thc chng trnh
MEND
- Chng trnh l mt b phn
ca chng trnh, chng trnh con
c kt thc bng lnh RET. Cc
chng trnh con phi c vit sau
lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh
MEND.
- Cc chng trnh x l ngt l
mt b phn ca chng trnh, cc chng trnh x l ngt c kt thc bng lnh
RETI. Nu cn s dng chng trnh x l ngt phi vit sau lnh kt thc chng
trnh chnh MEND.
Cc chng trnh con c nhm li thnh mt nhm ngay sau chng trnh
chnh, sau n ngay cc chng trnh x l ngt. C th t do trn ln cc chng
trnh con v chng trnh x l ngt ng sau chng trnh chnh.
2. Bng lnh ca S7-200
Xem phn ph lc 2.
79
6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7-200

1. Lnh LD v lnh A
Lp trnh dng STL
LD
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
2. Lnh AN
Lp trnh dng STL
LD
0.0
AN
0.1
0.2
1.0
3. Lnh O
Lp trnh dng STL
LD
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
4. Lnh ON
Lp trnh dng STL
`
LD
0.0
ON
0. 1
0.2
1.0
5. Lnh OLD
Lp trnh dng STL
LD
0.0
0.1
LD
0.2
1.0
OLD
=
6. Lnh ALD
Lp trnh dng STL
80
LD
0.0
LD
0.1
0.2
1.0
ALD
=
7. Lnh LPS, LRD,LPP

Lp trnh dng STL
LD
0.0
LD
0.1
0.2
0.0
LD
0.3
0.4
ALD
=
LRD
ALD = Q 0.1
LPP
AI 0.5 = Q 0.2
8. Lnh TON
NETWORK 1
LD I0.0
AN I0.1
ION T32, VW0
NETWORK 2
LD T32 = Q0
9. Lnh TONR
NETWORK 1
LD I0.0
AN I0.1
TONR T32, VW0
NETWORK 2
LD T32 = Q0.0
10. Lnh CTU
NETWORK 1
LD I0.0
81
LD I0.2
CTU C0, +12
NETWORK 2
LD C0 = Q0.0
11. Lnh CTUD
NETWORK 1
LD I0.0
LD I0.2
LD I0.1
CTUD C48, VW0
NETWORK 2
LD C0 = Q0.0
82

7.l. Cu hnh cng
1. Cu to ca h PLC- S7-300
PLC Step S7-300 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemcns sn xut. y l loi PLC
a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn (ch x l) sau
ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi, c cc module m rng tiu chun.
Nhng module m rng ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng m c th l hp li cho
ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th.
1.1. n v c bn
n v c bn ca PLC S7-300 nh hnh 7. 1.
Trong :
Cc n bo:
+ n SF: bo li CPU,
+ n BAF: bo ngun c quy,
+ n DC 5v: Bo ngun 5v,
+ n RUN: Bo ch PLC ang lm vic,
+ n STOP: Bo PLC dang ch dng.
2. Cng tc chuyn i ch :
+ RUN-P: Ch va chy va sa chng trnh,
+ RUN: a PLC vo ch lm vic,
+ STOP: PLC ch ngh,
+ MRES: V tr ch nh ch xo chng trnh trong CPU.
83
Mun xo chng trnh trong PLC th gi nt bm v v tr MRES n STOP

nhp nhy, khi thi khng nhp nhy th nh nhanh tay. Lm li nhanh mt ln na
(khng n STOP) nu n vng nhy nhiu ln l xong, nu khng th phi lm
li.
1.2. Cc kiu module
Tu theo qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u vo v u ra m phi lp
thm bao nhiu module m rng cng nh loi module cho ph hp. Ti a c th g
thm 32 module vo ra trn 4 panen (rnh), trn mi panen ngoi module ngun, CPU
v module ghp ni cn g c 8 cc module v bn phi. Thng Step 7- 300 s
dng cc module sau:
+ Module ngun PS,
+ Module ghp ni IM (Intefare Module),
+ Module tn hiu SM (Signal Module):
- Vo s cc loi: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh,
- Ra s cc loi: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh,
- Vo ra s cc loi: 8 knh vo 8 knh ra, 16 knh vo 16 knh ra,
- Vo tng t cc loi: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh,
- Ra tng t cc loi: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh,
- Vo, ra tng t cc loi: 2 knh vo 2 knh ra, 4 knh vo 4 knh ra,
+ Module hm (Function Module),
- m tc cao,
- Truyn thng CP 340, CP340- 1, CP341,
+ Module iu khin (Control Module):
- Module iu khin PID,
- Module iu khin Fuzzy,
- Module iu khin r bt,
- Module iu khin ng c bc,
- Module iu khin ng c servo.
2. a ch v gn a ch
Trong PLC cc b phn con gi thng tin n hoc ly thng tin i u phi c
a ch lin lc. a ch l con s hoc t hp cc con s i theo sau ch ci. Ch
ci ch loi a ch, con s hoc t hp con s ch s hiu a ch.
Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b m
(C).... ch cn mt trong 3 ch ci km theo mt s l , v d:: T1, C32...
Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc module chc nng c cch gn a ch
ging nhau. a ch ph thuc vo v tr g ca module trn panen. Ch g module
84
trn pancn gi l khe (Slot), cc khe u c nh s, khe s 1 l khe u tin ca v c

th tip tc.
c. a ch vo ra trn module s:
Khi g module s vo ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mng a ch byte ca
khe , mi khe c 4 byte a ch.
Trn mi module th mi u vo, ra l mt knh, cc knh u c a ch bt l 0
n 7. a ch ca mi u vo, ra l s ghp ca a ch byte v a ch knh, a ch
byte ng trc, a ch knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm. Khi cc module g
trn khe th a ch c lnh t byte u ca khe, cc u vo v ra ca mt khe c
cng a ch. a ch byte v a ch knh nh hnh 7.2.
V d: Module 2 du vo, 2 u ra s g vo khe s 5 rnh 0 c a ch l 14.0,

I4.1 v Q4.0, Q4.1.
85
Module s c th c g trn bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC.
d. a ch vo ra trn module tng t

din t mt gi tr tng t phi cn nhiu bt. Trong PLC S7-300 ngi ta
dng 16 bt (mt word) cho mt knh. Mt khe c 8 knh vi a ch u lin l
PIW256 hoc PQW256 (byte 256 v 257) cho n PIW766 hoc PQW766 nh
hnh 7.3
Module tng t c th c g vo bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC.
V d: Mt module tng t 2 vo, 1 ra g vo khe s 6 rnh 0 c a ch l
PIW288, PIW290, PQW288.
Ch : Cc khe trng bao gi cng c trng thi tn hiu 0.
7.2. Vng i tng
1. Cc vng nh
Bng 7.1
TT Tn tham s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
86
I
IB
IW
ID
Q
QB
QW
QD
M
MB
MW
MD
PIB
PIW
PID
PQB
PQW
PQD
T
C
DBX
DBB
DBW
DBD
Din gii
u vo bt
u vo byte
u vo t
u vo t kp
u ra bt
u ra byte
u ra t
u ra t kp
Nh ni dng bt
Nh ni dng byte
Nh ni dng t
Nh ni dng t kp.
Vng m u vo dng byle
Vng m u vo dng t
Vng m u vo dng t kp
Vng m u ra dng byte
Vng m u ra dng t
Vng m u ra dng t kp
B thi gian
B m
Khi d liu kiu BD dng bt
Khi d liu kiu BD dng byte
Khi d liu kiu BD dng t
Khi d liu kiu BD dng t kp
vng tham s
0.0 n 65535.7
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0.0 n 65532
0 n 65535.7
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
0.0 n 255.7
0 n 255
0 n 254
0 n 252
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
0 n 255
0 n 255
0.0 n 65535.7
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
TT Tn tham s
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
DIX
DIB
DIW
DID
L
LB
LW
LD
Din gii
vng tham s
Khi d liu kiu BI dng bt

Khi d liu kiu BI dng byte
Khi d liu kiu BI dng t
Khi d liu kiu BI dng t kp
Vng d liu tm thi dng bt
Vng d liu tm thi dng byte
Vng d liu lm thi dng l
Vng d liu tm thi dng t kp
0.0 n 65535.7
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
0.0 n 65535.7
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
2. Nhp cc hng s
Cc hng s c vit gm phn u v tham s di lin nhau v d: B#16#1A l
s: vit dng byte, c s 16, gi tr l 1A tng ng c s thp phn l 26.
Cc hng s v thi gian c vit theo cc k hiu: D (Date) ngy_ H (Hours)
gi M (minuter) pht_ S (seconds) giy_ MS (milliseconds) mili giy v d
2D_23H_10M_50S_13MS l: 2 ngy, 23 gi, 10 pht, 50 giy, 13 mili giy.
Cc kiu vit hng s c th hin trn bng 7.2:
Bng 7.2
Loi
Byte
T
T kp
Bt
C s
8 16
16 2
16
BCD
10 khng du
32 16 10 khng du
S thc
S thc
S thc
16 c du
32 c du
32 du phy ng
Thi gian 16 gi_pht_

32 giy_miligiy
Ngy
Phn du
B#16#...
2#...
W# 16#...
C#
B#
2#...
DW#16#...
B#...
0 n rF
0 n 1111_1111_1111_1111
0 n FFFF
0 n 999
(0,0) n (255,255)
0 n 1111_1111_1111_1111_
1111_1111_1111_1111
0000_0000 n FFFF_FFFF
(0,0,0,0) n (255,255,255,255)
(khng c) - 32768 n 32767
L#...
- 2147483648 n + 2147483647
(khng c) ln hn 3,402823 e + 38
nh hn l.175495e - 38
S5T#.....
0H_0M_0S_10MS
n
2H_46M_30S_0MS
ngy_gi_
T#...
pht_giy_
miligiy
Nm_thng_ngy D#...
Thi gian 32 gi:pht:

ca ngy
giy.ngy
K t
8
Phm vi tham s
-24D_20H_31M_23S_648MS n
24D_20H_31M_23S_647MS
1990-1-1 n 2168-12-31
TOD#...
0:0:0:0 n 23:59:59.999
Vit cc k t nh HA
87
7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh

Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-300 c th c vit dng n khi
hoc a khi.
Chng trnh n khi
OB1. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qua n lnh cui cng n quay tr
li lnh u tin.
Cc khi c xp thnh lp. Mi khi c:
+ Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment) thc
hin tng cng on ca t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt s dng lnh
phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c gi vo RLO
(Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc on cng nh
hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr RLO mi, khc vi
gi tr RLO ca on trc.
+ Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BEU.
Cc loi khi:
* Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block)
Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin chng
trnh.
* Khi hm s FC (Functions)
Khi hm s FC l mt chng trnh do ngi s dng to ra hoc c th s
dng cc hm chun sn c ca SIEMENS.
* Khi hm FB (Function Block)
Khi hm l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh iu
khin ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho cc khi
v chng c mt nhm lnh m rng. Ngi s dng c th to ra cc khi hm
mi cho mnh, c th s dng cc khi hm sn c ca SIEMENS.
* Khi d liu: c hai loi l
88
+ Khi d liu dng chung DB (Sllared Data Block)

Khi d liu dng chung lu tr cc d liu chung cn thit cho vic x l
chng trnh iu khin.
+ Khi d liu ring DI (Instance Data Block)
Khi d liu dng ring lu tr cc d liu ring cho mt chng trnh no
trong vic x l chng trnh iu khin.
Ngoi ra trong PLC S7-300 cn hm h thng SFC (System Function) v khi
hm h thng SFB (System Function Block).
Xem phn ph lc 2.
7.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn
1. Nhm lnh 1ogic
1.1 Lnh LD v lnh A
Lp trnh dng STL
A
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
1 2. Lnh AN
Lp trnh dng STL
A
0.0
AN
0.1
0.2
1.0
1.3. Lnh O
Lp trnh dng STL
O
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
1.4. Lnh ON
Lp trnh dng STL.
O
0.0
ON
0.1
89
0.2
1.0
1.5. Lnh A v lnh O

Lp trnh dng STL
A
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
1.6. Lnh ( v lnh )

Lp trnh dng STL
A
0.0
0.1
02
1.0
A(
)
=
1 7. Lp trnh vi vng d liu tm thi L

A
0.0
20.0
20.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
20.0
0.3
0.4
0.1
20.0
0.5
0.2
A(
A(
90
1.8. Lp trnh vi bt nh ni M
Nework 1 :
A
0.0
10.0
Nework 2:
A
0.1
10.1
10.1
0.0
Network 3:
A(
O
1.0
1.0
10.0
10.1
AN
1.0
1.0
2. Nhm lnh thi gian

Khi mt b thi gian c khi pht th gi tr thi gian cn c np vo thanh
ghi CV (Current value). Do , mun dng cc lnh thi gian phi np gi tr thi gian
cn t vo thanh ghi CV trc khi b thi gian hot ng.
+ D liu thi gian thc: S5T#H_M_S_MS
+ Dng s nguyn 16 bt: W#16#.... ( dng m BCD)
Np thi gian thc: L S5T#10s
Vi lnh trn gi tr thi gian c np l 10s
Np thi gian dng m BCD:
V d: L W#16#2127
S trn s c np vo thanh ghi CV dng m BCD nh hnh 7. 12.
Trong thanh ghi CV th:
Ba s cui ch h s: S 127 (c th gn t 0 n 999)
91
S u ch m s: S 2. c 4 m:
0 tng ng 0,01 s
1 tng ng 0,1 s
2 tng ng 1s
3 tng ng 10s
Vi s vo thanh ghi CV nh trn th thi gian c tnh l
t :127 x 1s =127s.
Vi m cng nh th gi tr thi gian cng chnh xc, v vy nn dng m nh.
Trong cc b thi gian ca S7-300 ngoi tn hiu kch thch chnh (bt u) nh
cc b thi gian ca cc PLC khc, cn c tn hiu kch thch cng bc, tn hiu kch
thch cng bc cho php tnh li thi gian t u khi c sn ln ca tn hiu ny, tuy
nhin tn hiu kch thch cng bc ch c gi tr khi tn hiu kch thch chnh c gi
tr 1. Lnh thc hin kch thch cng bc (c iu kin) l: FR.
Lnh FR ch c dng lp trnh STL. B thi gian cng c th dng lnh R d
xo.
2.1. B thi gian xung SP
B thi gian c khi pht ln 1 ti si ln ca RLO khi RLO l 1 th b thi
gian vn duy tr trng thi 1 cho n khi t gi tr t mi xung. Nhng khi RLO v
khng th b thi gian v khng ngay.
C hai kiu lp trnh:
Kiu th nht c lnh NOP:
A
0.1
S5T#10S
SP
0.2
NOP
NOP
1.0
Dng LA D hnh 7. 1 3.
92
Trong lp trnh trn cn hai chn BI v BCD cha s dng phi dng lnh NOP
gi ch. Chn BI l chn ly gi tr thi gian hin thi dng nh phn, chn BCD
l chn ly gi tr thi gian hin thi dng m BCD, c th dng lnh L hoc LC
c cc gi tr thi gian.
Kiu th hai (khng dng lnh NOP)
2.2. B thi gian m rng SE

B thi gian xung m rng SE c khi pht ln 1 li sn ln ca RLO sau
khng ph thuc RLO na cho n khi thi gian t mi v khng. Cng tng t
nh b thi gian SP, cc b thi gian khc cng lun c hai kiu lp trnh.
A
0.0
S51 # 10S
SE
NOP
MW 2
LC
MW 5
0.1
1
1
1
2.3 B thi gian bt u tr SD

Thi gian bt u chm hn so
vi sn ca RLO mt khong bng
thi gian t trong lnh. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cng b t ngay v
93
khng.
2.4.B thi gian bt u tr 1u tr SS

Thi gian bt u chm hn
so vi sn ln ca RLO mt
khong thi gian bng thi gian t
trong lnh v sau khng ph
thuc RLO na. N ch v khng
khi c lnh xo R.
A
0.1
S5T#10S
SS
0.2
NOP
NOP
1.0
2.5. B thi gian tt tr SF

B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian tip
tc duy tr trng thi mt khong thi gian na bng khong t trong lnh ri mi
v khng. xo thi gian dng lnh R, khi c lnh R t 0 ln 1 th b thi gian c
t v khng v trng thi tn hiu vn gi 0 cho n khi b thi gian c khi pht
94
li.
A
0.1
ST5#10S
SF
0.2
NOP
NOP
1.0
3. Nhm lnh m
Gi tr trong thanh ghi CV
(current value) l gi tr m tc thi
ca b m, CV lun khng m, do lnh m li s khng dn khi CV = 0.
Gi tr m PV c th c t trc bng lnh L, v d L C#4 (t gi tr m
bng 4). Tuy nhin, khc vi b thi gian, gi tr m ch c np vo CV khi c lnh
t b m (S). Nu khng t gi tr m th b m c th vn tin hnh m (ch
khi CV = 0 th khng m li).
Gi tr u ra ca b m s l 1 nu CV 0, bng 0 nu CV = 0.
B m c th c xo ch ng bng tn hiu xo R.
Cng tng t nh b thi gian, b m cng c th dng lnh kch m (m
cng bc) FR (lnh c iu kin), b m cng m xung khi iu kin ca FR m
bo. Lnh FR ch c dng lp trnh STL.
C th dng lnh L hoc LD c gi tr tc thi ca b m vo ACCU1
x l. Lnh L c s dng c s 2, lnh LD c s dng BCD.
3.1. Lnh m ln CU
A
0.0
CD
BLD
101
NOP 0
NOP 0
NOP 0
NOP 0
NOP 0
A
1.0
95
Lnh BLD hin th dng LAD. Vi cc lnh trn khi u vo IO 0 c sn ln

th gi tr b m CV tng thm 1 n v, tc l khi c ch mt ln sn ln ca
10.0 th u ra Qui lun l 1 (khng xo).
Chn CV l chn ly gi tr m dng nh phn, chn CV_BCD l chn ly
gi tr m dng m BCD, c th dng lnh L hoc LC c cc gi tr m.
3.2. Lnh m xung CD
A
0.0
CD
BLD
101
C#4
NOP
NOP
NOP
Q 1.0
0.1
Trong phn lp trnh trn c:

Lnh L C#4 l np s m bng 4.
Trn hnh 7.20 khi I0.0 c trc, b
m vn khng lm vic v khi
CV = 0, cho n khi c lnh t b
m, I0.1 c th b m bt u
c np gi tr m, CV = 4. T
khi ny mi ln I0.0 c th gi tr
m gim mt n v, sau 4 xung
vo gi tr m CV = 0 Khi CV 0
u ra Q1.0 c, khi CV = 0 u ra
Q1.0 mt.
3.3. Lnh m va tin va li
96
0.0
CU
0.1
CD
0.2
C#3
0.3
MW 0
LC
MW 1
Q 1.0
1
1
T gin nhn thy: khi u

vo m tin c lp tc b m
lm vic, gi tr m tng 1 n v,
CV 0, u ra Q 1.0 c. Tip
u vo m li c, do do b m
li gim 1 n v (CV = O) u ra
Q1.0 li mt.
Tuy nhin, nu u vo m
li c trc th b m khng m
v khi CV = 0 Tip du vo
t b m SET c lm gi tr m
c np vo CV (CV = 3), t
nu c u m tin th gi tr m
tng 1 n v, c u m li gi
tr m gim 1 n v, u ra Q1.0
c. Khi c u RESET gi tr m
lp tc v 0, u ra Q1.0 v 0.
97
PH LC 1
CC PHN MM LP TRNH PLC
1. Tp trnh cho OMRON
1. Phn mm SYSWIN (cho OMRON)
Phn hng dn c thc hin trn version 3.2.
1.1. Khi ng
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, bt cng tc ngun ca khi PLC.

2. Khi ng phn mm SYSWIN t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh nh
hnh P. 1. Ca s mn hnh ban u c dng nh hnh P.2. Trong ca s c 2 thanh
cng c h tr cho qu trnh son tho chnh l:
Thanh trn: ngoi mt s chc nng nh son tho vn bn bnh thng cn
mt s chc nng son tho lnh nh ch ra trn hnh P.3.
Thanh dc: Ln lt t trn l: Con tr ( chn), tip im thng h,
thng kn, thanh ni ngang, thanh ni dc, cun dy thng m, cun dy
thng ng, khi hm (RUN), b thi gian (TIM), b m (CNT).
98
3. Kim tra mt s iu kin trc khi tp trnh:

+ Kim tra xem my tnh c kt ni vi PLC cha. Khi my tnh c
kt ni vi PLC th biu tng kt ni sng, nu cha c kt ni th nhy vo biu
tng kt ni h thng s t kt ni vi PLC.
+ Nu s kt ni khng thc hin c c th phi khai bo li cng nh ch ra
trn hnh P.4. (ng dn Project \ Communications).
1.2. Son tho: Theo LAD
1. M mt file chng trnh mi hoc mt file chng trnh c (ch mc
nh c mt file mi c m ra).
2. Nhy chut tri vo khi mun chn (tip im, cun dy. khi hm....).
3. a con cho n v tr t lnh (v tr t en), nhy chut tri v vo a ch
lnh (u vo c cc a ch: 0, n 11; u ra c cc a ch: 1000 n 1007).
4. Khi cn ghi ch thch di mi lnh th chn lnh cn ghi ch thch, vo hp
SYM: ( pha di mn hnh nh ch ra trn hnh P.2) ghi nhng iu cn ch thch,
cu ch thch phi lin nhau (khng dng du cch) sau chn Store.
5. Kt thc mt Network chn thm Network mt t biu tng nh ch ra trn
hnh P.3.
6. Nu son sai Network no th nh du v xo Network t biu tng
hnh P.3.
99
7. Tin hnh son tho ht cc Network.

8. Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc. Mun vo lnh kt thc th chn
Netwoks v v tr lnh kt thc, chn FUN, nhy vo v tr t lnh, sau vo tn
lnh END(01) nh ch ra trn hnh P.3, hoc chn cc khi mc Select sau chn
OK.
9. chng trnh sang PLC chn Online \ Download program to PLC nh
trn hnh P.5.
Ch : Khi chng trnh sang PLC th PLC phi ang trng thi
MONITOR hoc trng thi PROGRAM (STOP/PRG). Mun chuyn i cc trng
thi trn th chn Shift + F10 hoc biu tng PLC Mode nh hnh P.3.
10 chy chng trnh chn trng thi MONITOR hoc RUN t biu tng
PLC Mode.
100
2. S dng thit b lp trnh cm tay (cho OMRON)

2.1. Cu to thit b lp trnh cm tay
Thit b lp trnh cm tay c cc khi chnh nh hnh P.6.
1. Mn hnh
2. Cng tc chn ch : c 3 ch
* PROGRAM: ch ny lp trnh hoc thc hin cc thay i chng trnh,
* MONITOR: Ch ny thay i cc gi tr ca b m v thi gian trong
khi PLC vn ang vn hnh,
* RUN: Ch ny chy chng trnh d np trong PLC (khi PLC ang ch
ny th khng chng trnh mi sang PLC c).
3. Cc phm lnh,
4. Cc phm s,
5. Cc phm hm.
101
102
2.2. Cc phm lnh
103
2.3. Th tc vo lnh
1. Khi ng b tp trnh cm tay, cng tc chn ch ch
PROGRAM hoc ch MONITOR, vo PASSWORD (t kho) theo th t sau:
2. Bt u chng trnh mi cn s dng lnh CLR xo chng trnh c.

3. Cc lnh c vo theo th t:
+ Tn lnh (cc lnh bt u mt NETWORK l lnh LD).
+ Tham s ca lnh: Khng cn vo cc s khng ng trc.
+ Kt thc mt lnh l WRITE (vit vo PLC).
4. Kt thc mt chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc. Lnh kt thc vo theo th
t:
V d: Chng trnh ca mt mch t duy tr dng LAD v STL nh hnh P.7:
104
6. chy chng trnh chuyn cng tc chn ch sang RUN.

2. Lp trnh cho PLC - S5
S dng phn mm Step5 for Win.
1. Trnh t thao tc
105
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, bt cng tc khi ngun PS ca PLC,

cng tc ca khi CPU v tr STOP.
2. chy trnh Step5 t file chng trnh nh hnh P.8.
Mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P.9.
3. Vo lc \ Project \ Set (phn ny c th i nhiu tham s, xem phn t tham
s hnh P.12 n P. 17). Cn t 3 tham s c bn.
+ Chn PLC \ Mode t ch Online (ch kt ni vi PLC).
+ Chn Blocks \ Representation t ch son tho STL.
+ Chn Blocks \ Program Eile to file mi, (nu cn m mt file c th vo
ng dn v ln file, nu s dng file ngay bui lm vic trc v chng trnh trc
y kt ni vi PLC th b qua bc ny) sau n Enter.
4. Vo ch son tho t Editor \ Step 5 Block...., hoc n F1 (Edit). Mn hnh
trc son tho c dng nh hnh P.10.
Trong :
Block lisl: Vo tn ca khi hoc nhiu khi son tho.
Confirm before orerwriting: Nu c chn th khi ghi my s hi li d
khng nh, khng chn th khi sa i c ghi ln ngay sau khi bm Enter.
106
Update assignment: Nu c chn th file biu tng *ZO.INI thay i th file

ngun *ZO.SEQ cng c iu chnh, nu khng chn th fitc ngun *ZO.SEQ
khng c iu chnh.
Update XRF: Nu c chn th file *XR.INI cha tham chiu cho c iu
chnh hoc c to nu cha tn ti trc , nu khng chn th file *XR.INI cha
tham chiu cho khng c iu chnh.
5. Trong mc Source chn PLC kt ni trc tip vi PLC. Trong mc
Selection \ Block list vo khi OB1 d son tho (c th vo cc khi khc nu cn),
trong mc Options khng chn nh hnh P.10 sau chn Edit (n Enter), nu lm
vic vi file mi th my t ng vo lun mn hnh Edit nh hnh P.11b nu lm vic
vi file c th my vo mn hnh Output nh hnh P.11a.
Trong : hnh P.11a

Fl (Disp Symbb) Cho php thay i hoc t tn k hiu (symb), ch thch cc
ton hng dng trong khi chng trnh ang son tho.
107
F2 (Reference): Hin th tham chiu cho.

F3 (Serach): Tm kim cc ton hng n l trong khi ang son tho.
F5 (Seg Fct): Hin cc chc nng son tho cho php lm vic vi cc on ca
khi nh chp, xo, chn,...
F6 (Edit): Chuyn sang ch son tho.
F7 (Enter): Lu tr khi nu c s thay di hoc tr v menu chnh.
F8 (Cancet): Tr v menu chnh.
Shift-F1 (Addresses): hin a ch tng i ca cc lnh trong khi (vi STL).
Shift F2 (Liu no): Cho php vo s th vin.
Shift F3 (Symb.OFF): Cho php hin th ton hng di dng tuyt i.
Shift F4 (Symb Com}: Cho php hin th dng ch thch k hiu cc ton hng.
Shift-F5( LAD): Cho php chuyn i cc dng STL, CSF, LAD.
Shift -F6 (Seg com): Cho php vo son tho tiu v cc ch thch ca mi
on chng trnh trong khi nu c chn Wich Comments hnh P.13 (Btocks).
Shift F7 (Save): Lu tr khi son tho vo file.
Shift-F1 (Help): Vo phn tr gip.
6. Nu ang mn hnh Output cn sa cha hoc son tho mi th chn F6
(Edit) vo mn hnh son tho Edit, vi chng trnh c nhiu on (Segment) th
n F5 (Seg Fct) sau n Fl (- 1) hoc F2 (+ 1) chn cc on trc hoc sau on
hin thi.
7. Khi ang mn hnh son tho Edit c th tin hnh son tho:
+ vo mt cu lnh thng khng cn quan tm n cu trc v c th g lin
tc lin nhau, ht mt dng n Enter my s t ng chn vo cc k t trng ngn
cch.
+ Son tho ht mt on (Segment) n F6 (Seg End) sang on mi.
+ Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh BE, n Enter v chn yes xc nhn
my s tr v mn hnh Output.
8. n Shift-F5 xem dng LAD v CSF. Nu chng trnh c nhiu on
(Segment) th n F5 (Seg Fct) sau n Fl (-l) hoc F2 (+l) xem ln lt ht cc
on trc hoc sau on hin thi.
9. n Shift-F7 ct chng trnh v chng trnh sang PLC, chn yes xc
nhn vic chng trnh ln chng trnh c trong PLC (khi ct th PLC phi
ch STOP).
2. t tham s cho vic son tho chng trnh
Vo File \ Project \ Set s t cc tham s cn thit lin quan n vic son
tho chng trnh. Cc tham s ny c hin th trong 6 trang mn hnh hnh P.12
108
n P. 1 7, cc trang mn hnh c th chuyn i bng con tr. Mi trang c cc

phm chc nng c th s dng nh:
+ Edit F2: Vo ch son tho.
+ Select F3: Thay i tham s ti v tr con tr.
+ Project... F6: Ct tham s d thay i.
+ Info F7: Hin thng tin v vng hin ti m ti c con tr.
+ Help Shift F8: Vo phn tr gip.
+ Enter: Chp nhn s thay i.
+ Cancel ESC: Gi nguyn trng thi c, tr v mn hnh trc .
* Trang 1 (PLC): nh hnh P.12

+ Mode(: Chn ch ni vi PLC (Online), v khng c PLC (Ofnine).
+ PLC type: Loi PLC
+ Interface: Chn giao din.
+ Parameter: a ch cng giao din.
+ Path name: t tn ng dn ni kt. Nu c trnh name v Path file u t
th h thng tm cch thit lp hay dng vic ni kt thng qua dng dn chn ny
mi khi c s thay i ch lm vic.
+ Path file: Tn file cha ng dn Path name.
109
* Trang 2 (Blocks): nh hnh P. 1 3

+ Program File: Vo ng dn, m file mi hoc m file c.
+ Representation: t ch son tho STL, LAD. CSF.
+ STL addresses: a ch ca STL.
+With comments: Cho php n, hin dng ch thch.
+ With Checksum: Kim tra vic truyn s liu ra PLC.
* Trang 3.(Symbols): nh hnh P.14
+ Symbols file: t tn file biu tng (*ZO.INI).
+ Assigment lisl: t tn ca file danh sch (ZO.SEQ).
+ Symbol length: t di k hiu biu tng, cho php t 8 n 24 k t.
+ Comment length: t di dng ch thch, cho php nhiu nht l 40 k t.
+ Display symbolic: Cho php ton hng th hin di dng biu tng
(symbolic) hay dng tuyt i (absolute).
+ Operands symbolic: Cho php lp trnh c vi symbolic operands.
* Trang 4 (Documetation): nh hnh P.15.

+ Footer file: Vo tn file cha cc thng tin cn thit cui mi trang khi in v
110
c to ra trong Documentation.
+ Dc comm file: t tn file (*SU.INI) cha cc lnh to ti liu.
+ Printer file: t tn file cha thng tin v tham s in c chn trong menu
Documentation nh kch c giy, s dng trong mi trang in, cng giao tip vi my
in...
+ Printer interface: Chn giao din vi my in.
+ Documetation to: t ch lm vic cho php in ti liu.
* Trang 5 (Options): hnh P.16

+ Profect directory: nh th mc lm vic.
* Trang 6 (EFROM) : nh hnh P. 1 7
+ SYSID file: t tn file (*SD.INI) cha cc thng tin nhn dng h thng cc
khi dng trong vic np EFROM.
3. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7200

1 S dng phn mm Step7-200 for Win
Thao tc chun b (phn hng dn vit theo Version 3.2)
111
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, bt cng tc khi ngun PS ca PLC,

2. Chy trnh Step7 t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh nh hnh P.18.
Mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P. 1 9.
3. Nu Project [CPU.....] c loi CPU khc th nhy nt phi chut vo Project
[CPU.....] chn li CPU.
4. Vo File m mt file mi hoc file c.

5. Vo View chn ch son tho STL (hoc LAD hoc FBD).
6. Tin hnh son tho chng trnh theo STL (nu son tho chng trnh theo
LAD th c th s dng cc khu, khi pha tri mn hnh son tho). Khi son tho
ch cn cch lnh v i tng lnh mt nhp (du cch), khng cn ch ch in v
ch thng, my s t dch v chnh ch cho ph hp. Trong qu trnh son tho c
th ghi cc ch thch nu cn.
7. Vo View xem li dng LAD (Ladder) hoc RBD.
8. Dch chng trnh t biu tng hoc t PLC \ compile, nu mun dch c
chng trnh th t PLC \ compile All. Khi dch chng trnh cc li s c thng
bo phn thng bo trng thi.
9. chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t File \ Download, c th phi
kim tra li cm ghp ni cho ph hp t Communications.
10 Mun ct, in chng trnh..., c th thc hin t biu tng hoc vo File
chn ch ct v ch in cn thit.
112
2. S dng phn mm Step7-200 for Dos

Thao lc chun b:
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows.
2. Chy trnh S7-200 t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh, mn hnh ch
bt u c dng nh hnh P.20.
Trong hnh P.20:
EXIT-F1: Thot.
SETUP-F2: Chn ngn ng, t c php cho bin nh. Ch ngn ng giao din
ch International
ONLENE-F4: Khi my tnh c ni vi PLC.
COLOR-F6: Chn mu.
PGMS-F7: Chng trnh qun l file.
OFLINE-F8: Khi my tnh khng ni vi PLC.
Ch PID ch tn file ang s dng.
113
3. Chn PGMS, n phm F7 (cc phn tip sau thao tc chn v n phm c
vit gn thnh PGMS-F7), vo chng trnh qun l file m file mi hoc file
c. m file mi chn DIR-F5 vo a, chn SELECT-F8 xc nhn, n Enter
hin cc th mc, chn th mc sau chn SELECT-F8 xc nhn, chn EXIT-F1
thot v mn hnh trc , t tn file v chn SELECT-F8 xc nhn, chn
ABORT-F1 v mn hnh ban u, n file v ng dn c thit lp.
4. Chn ch ONLINE-F4, ri xc nhn a ch cng ghp ni vi PLC.
5. n F7 chn ch son tho LAD hoc STL.
6. Chn EDIT-F2 vo ch son tho, pha di mn hnh son tho c
dng th mc hng dn cc cch v cc lnh son tho.
7a. Son tho vi STL dng hng dn c dng nh hnh P.2 1 :
Hnh P.21. Dng hng dn son tho STL

Trong : EXIT-F1: thot v trang trc ,
INSNW-F2: Chn mt network pha trn con tr,
DELLN-F4: Xa mt dng c con tr,
INSLN-F5: Chn mt dng pha trn con tr,
DELFLD-F6: Xa tham s ni con tr.
S dng cc phm v phm ENTER di chuyn con tr n v tr
son tho.
7b. Son tho vi LAD dng hng dn c dng nh hnh P.22: du cng cui
dng th hin th mc vn cn cn n phm Spacebar chuyn i.
114
Hnh P.22. Dng hng dn son tho LAD

Trong : EXIT-F1: Thot v trang mn hnh trc ,
Cc phm F2 n F7 (dng trn) chn cc tip im, cun dy, hp,
ENTER-F8: Xc nh mt network c son tho,
HORZ-F1: k mt on ngang t v tr con tr sang phi,
VERT-F2: k mt on dc t v tr con tr xung di,
HORZD-F3: xa mt on ngang,
VERTD-F4: xa mt on dc.
S dng cc phm di chuyn con tr n v tr son tho.
Khi son xong mt tip im, hp... dng phm ENTER xc nhn.
Khi son xong mt network phi dng F8 xc nhn, nu dng ENTER c
ngha mun xung dng m rng (nhnh) cho network.
8. Chn EXIT-F1 tr v mn hnh trc .
9. Chn STL-F7 xem dng STL.
10 Chn WRITDK-F8 chng trnh sang PLC.
11 Mun in chng trnh, hoc thc hin cc thao tc la chn khc th lm theo
ch dn dng th mc cui mn hnh hoc vo phn Help.
115
4. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7-300

S dng phn mm S7-300.
1. Khi ng
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, bt cng tc ngun ca khi ngun PS

ca PLC, cng tc ca khi CPU v tr STOP.
2. Khi ng phn mm Step7 t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh nh
hnh P.23.
2. Ci t phn cng
1. Cng tc ca CPU phi ch STOP.
2. Vo File to mt th mc chng trnh mi (hoc m mt th mc chng
trnh c) (v mt chng trnh ca S7-300 l c tht th mc Project). Mt
chng trnh ca S7-300 s c dng nh hnh P.24 (khi to ). Nu m mt th
mc chng trnh c sn chng trnh th c th b qua mt s bc sau.
3. M th mc chng trnh Project chn phn cng t Insert / Station /
Simatic 300 Station.
4. M th mc Simatic 300(l) ci t phn cng.
5. M th mc Hardware bt u ci t phn cng, mn hnh ban u ci
t phn cng c dng nh hnh P.25.
6. Nhy vo du + ca SIMATIC 300 chn ln lt cc khi ca cu hnh
cng. Nn chn cc khi thc trn PLC nh trn hnh P.26.
116
Phi nhy vo du + m chng trnh.

+ Chn gi : Chn RACK-300 v chn Rail.
+ Chn khi ngun: Chn PS-300 v chn ngun c.
+ Chn khi CPU: Chn CPU-300 v chn CPU 314, chn loi c tham s
(c ch ra phn th hin tham s hnh P.26) nh tham s ca CPU hin c (c
ch ra dng trn cng v dng di cng ca CPU.
+ Chn khi giao din: IM (Interfare), khi cn khi ghp ni th chn khi ghp
ni, nu khng c c th b qua. Khi b qua khi ghp ni phi trng v tr ca khi
ghp ni (v tr 3 ca Rail hnh P.26).
+ Chn cc khi vo ra: Chn SM-300 v ln lt chn cc khi vo ra theo
ng m hiu c ghi trn dng u v dng cui mi khi.
+ Chn khi ghp ni: CP-300 v chn CP340 RS 232C. Khi ghp ni ny
ghp ni vi cc thit b ngoi. Mn hnh sau khi chn khi c dng nh hnh P.26.
7. cu hnh sang PLC t PLC \ Download hoc biu tng, nhn OK xc
nhn a ch gi (Rack), a ch CPU v a ch cng ghp ni.
117
3. Son tho chng trnh

1. Tr v th mc chng trnh chnh Project, xc nhn vic ct cu hnh cng
vi file.
2. M th mc chng trnh chnh Project chn chng trnh son tho vo
t Insert / program / S7 Program.
3. M th mc S7 Program, trong s c cc th mc: Source File, Symbols,
Blocks.
4. M th mc Blocks, nu cn th chn thm cc khi (Blocks) cn thit khc
cho chng trnh t Insert / S7 Blocks.
5. M khi OB1 nu lp trnh trn khi OB1, chn kiu lp trnh STL t
Language (c th chn kiu lp trnh khc) ri chn OK. Mn hnh lp trnh c dng
nh hnh P.27.
6. C th chn ch online kt ni trc tip vi PLC hoc omine khng ni
trc tip vi PLC, chn ch omine khi son xong chng trnh phi sang PLC.
7. C th t tn cho khi, tn cho on (Networks) v cc ch thch nu cn.
8. Tin hnh son tho, khi son tho ch cn cch m lnh v i tng lnh mt
nhp my s t ng dch khong cch cho ph hp.
9. Son tho ht mt Networks th chn thm Networks mi t biu tng hoc
Insert / Network.
10. Xem li dng LAD hoc FBD t View / LAD hoc View / FBD.
11. Son tho xong chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t PLC /
Download kim tra, khi chng trnh PLC phi trng thi STOP.
118
Ch : Khi lp trnh c th cc k hiu khng ng (khng lp trnh c, chng

hn g a ch I 0.0 bo li, g M 0.0 th nhn) l do chn ngn ng khng ng.
kim tra ngn ng lm nh sau:
+ T mn hnh son tho nh hnh P.27 chn Options/customize... c ca s
nh hnh P.28.
+ Trong ca s Editor hnh P.28, hp kim Mnemonics phi l Internectiona nh
hnh P.28a. Nu trong hp kim Mnemonics l SMATIC nh hnh P.28b l sai ngn
ng (dng ting c). Mun i ngn ng c th lp trnh c phi quay li mn
hnh ban u nh hnh P.24 v tin hnh cc bc:
+ T mn hnh P.24 chn Options/customize... c ca s ca mn hnh
Customize nh hnh P.29. Trong mn hnh Customize ca s Language ti hp kim
Language phi chn English, li hp kim Mnemonics phi chn English nh hnh
P.29 sau nhn OK.
119
120
PH LC 2
BNG LNH CA CC PHN MM PLC
1. BNG LNH CA PLC CPM1A
TT
1
2
3
4
5
Tn lnh
AND
AND LD
AND NOT
CNT
LD
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
LD NOT
OR
OR LD
OR NOT
OUT
OUT NOT
TIM
NOP
END
IL
ILC
17
18
19
20
21
JMP
JME
FAL
FALS
STEP
22 SNXT
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
SET
KEEP
CNTR
DIFU
DIFD
TIMH
WSFT
CMP
MOV
MVN
BIN
M t
Nhn logic trng thi ca bt xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
Nhn logic cc kt qu ca cc khi xc nh.
Nhn logic gi tr o ca bt xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
m li.
Khi ng mt dy lnh vi trng thi ca bt xc nh hoc d nh ngha
mt khi logic c dng vi ANDLD hoc ORLD.
Khi ng mt dy lnh vi nghch o ca bt xc nh.
Cng logic trng thi ca bt xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
Cng kt qu ca cc khi nh trc.
Cng logic nghch o bt xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
a ra cng ra gi tr ca bt thc hin.
a ra cng ra gi tr nghch o ca bt thc hin
Qu trnh thi gian tr ON
Khng thc hin g c, qu trnh chuyn sang lnh bn cnh.
Lnh kt thc chng trnh.
Nu iu kin kho cho l OFF tt c cc u ra l OFF v ton b thi gian
(time) s phc hi gia IL ny (02) v IL khc (03). Cc lnh khc c iu
hnh nh l lnh NOP (00), b m vn duy tr.
Nu iu kin nhy b tt (OFF) tt c cc lnh gia JMP (04) v JME (05)
tng ng b b qua.
Pht mt li khng tin nh v cho ra FAL vo b lp trnh cm tay.
Pht mt li tin nh v cho ra FALS vo b lp trnh cm tay.
Khi dng vi bt iu khin s xc nh im bt u mt bc mi v phc
hi (R) bc trc . Khi khng dng vi bt iu khin s xc nh im
cui ca vic thc hin bc.
Dng vi mt bt iu khin ch ra kt thc bc, phc hi bc v bt
u bc tip theo.
To ra b ghi dch bt.
xc nh mt bt nh l mt cht iu khin bi cc u vo t v phc hi.
Tng hoc gim s m bi mt trong s cc tn hiu vo.
t bt xc nh cho mt chu k ti sn trc ca xung vo.
Nhn logic trng thi ca bt xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
B thi gian tc cao c tr
Dch chuyn d liu gia cc t u v cui trong nhm t, vit 0 vo t u
so snh ni dung ca 2 t v a ra kt qu cc c GR, EQ, LE.
Chp d liu ngun (t hoc hng s) vo t dch.
o d liu ngun (t hoc hng s) sau chp n vo t ch
Chuyn d liu 4 s dng BCD trong t ngun thnh d liu nh phn 16 bt
v da d liu d c chuyn vo t kt qu.
121
TT Tn lnh
M t
34 BCD
Chuyn d liu nh phn trong t ngun thnh BCD sau da d liu
chuyn m ra t kt qu.
35 ASL
Dch tng bt trong t n ca d liu v bn tri c CY
36 ASR
Dch tng bt trong t n ca d liu v bn phi c CY
37 ROL
Quay cc bt trong t n ca d liu mt bt v bn tri c CY
38 ROR
Quay cc bt trong t n ca d liu mt bt v bn phi c CY
39 COM
o trng thi bt ca mt t d liu.
40 ADD
Cng 2 gi tr BCD 4 s vi ni dung ca CY v a kt qu n t ghi kt
qu c bit.
41 SUB
Tr mt gi tr BCD 4 s v CY t mt gi tr BCD 4 bt khc v a kt qu
42 MUL
Nhn 2 gi tr BCD 4 s v a kt qu ti t kt qu c bit.
43 DIV
Chia s BCD 4 s cho s b chia BCD 4 s v a kt qu ti t kt qu c
bit.
44 ANDW
Nhn logic 2 t vo 16 bt v t bt tng ng vo t kt qu nu cc bt
tng ng trong cc t vo u ON.
45 ORW
Cng logic 2 t vo 16 bt v t bt tng ng vo t kt qu nu cc bt
tng ng trong d liu vo l ON.
46 XORW
Cng o (EXNOR) 2 t 16 bt v t bt vo t kt qu khi cc bt tng
ng trong cc t vo c trng thi khc nhau.
47 XNRW
Cng o (EXNOR) 2 t 16 bt v t bt vo t kt qu khi cc bt tng
ng trong cc t vo c cng trng thi.
48 INC
Tng t BCD 4 s ln 1 n v.
49 DEC
Gim t BCD 4 s i 1 n v.
50 STC
t c mang sang (bt ON, CY)
51 CLC
Xo c mang sang (tt OF, CY)
52 TRSM
Khi u d liu, khng dng vi CQM 1 -CPU 11/21 -E.
53 MSG
Hin th thng bo 16 v tr tn b lp trnh.
54 ADB
Cng 2 gi tr Hexa 4 s vi ni dung ca CY v gi kt qu ti t kt qu
xc nh.
55 SBB
Tr gi tr Hexa 4 s cho mt gi tr Ilexa 4 s, CY v gi kt qu ti t kt
qu.
56 MLB
Nhn 2 s tr Hexa 4 s v gi kt qu ti t kt qu xc nh.
57 DVB
Chia s tr Hexa 4 s cho s Hexa 4 s v gi kt qu ti t kt qu xc nh
58 ADDL
Cng 2 gi tr 8 s (2 tr mt) v ni dung ca CY v gi kt qu ti cc t
kt qu xc nh.
59 SUBL
Tr gi tr BCD 8 s cho mt gi tr BCD 8 s v CY v gi kt qu vo t
kt qu.
60 MULL
Nhn 2 gi tr BCD 8 s v gi kt qu vo cc t kt qu xc nh.
61 DIVL
Chia s BCD 8 s cho s BCD 8 s v gi kt qu n cc t kt qu xc
nh.
62 BINL
Chuyn gi tr BCD thnh cc t nh phn ngun lin kt v a d liu
chuyn i n 2 t kt qu lin tip.
63 BCDL
Chuyn gi tr nh phn thnh hai t BCD ngun lin tip v da d liu d
chuyn i n 2 t kt qu lin tip.
64 XFER
Chuyn 1 s t ngun lin tip thnh t ch lin tip
65 BSET
sao chp ni dung 1 t hoc 1 hng s thnh mt s t lin tip.
122
TT Tn lnh
M t
66 ROOT
Bnh phng (khai cn) ca gi tr BCD 8 s v a ra kt qu s nguyn 4
ch s ct ngt v gi kt qu ra 1 t nh trc.
67 XCIIG
Trao i ni dung ca hai t khc nhau.
68 @COLM
Chp 16 bt ca mt t xc nh vo mt ct bt ca cc t 16 bt lin tip.
69 CPS
So snh hai gi tr nh phn 16 bt (4 s) nh du v a kt qu n cc
c GR, EQ, LE.
70 CPSL
So snh hai gi tr nh phn 32 bt (8 s) d nh du v a kt qu n cc
c GR, EQ, LE.
71 @DBS
Chia 1 gi tr nh phn 16 bt nh du cho mt gi tr khc v da kt qu
nh phn 32 bt nh du vo t R n R+l.
72 @DBSL
Chia 1 gi tr nh phn 32 bt nh du cho mt gi tr khc v a kt qu
nh phn 64 bt nh du vo t R+3 n R.
73 @FCS
Kim tra li trong d liu truyn bi lnh Host linh.
74 @FPD
Tim li trong cm cc lnh.
75 @HEX
Chuyn i d liu ASCII thnh d liu hexa.
76 @HKY
Vo d liu hexa n 8 s t bn 16 phm.
77 @HMS
Chuyn i d liu giy (s) thnh d liu gi (h) v pht (mm).
78 @XE
Chp mt bt ca cm 16 l lin lip vo t xc nh.
79 @MAX
Tm gi tr cc i trong khng gian d liu xc nh v a gi tr ny ti t
khc.
80 @MBS
Nhn ni dung nh phn nh du ca hai t v a kt qu nh phn 8 bt
nh du vo R+l v R.
81 @MBSL
Nhn hai gi tr nh phn 32 bt (8 s) nh du v a kt qu nh phn
16 bt nh du vo R+3 n R.
82 @MIN
Tm gi tr cc tiu trong khng gian d liu xc nh v a gi tr ny vo
t khc.
83 @NEG
Chuyn i ni dung hexa 4 ch s ca t ngun thnh phn b modul 2 ca
n v a kt qu vo R.
84 @NEGL
Chuyn i ni dung hexa 8 ch s ca t ngun thnh phn b modul 2 ca
n v a kt qu vo R v R+l.
85 PID
(Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) th hin iu khin PID da trn cc thng s xc
nh.
86 @PLS2
(Ch c CQM 1 -CPV43E) Tng tc xung ra t 0 ti tn s ch.
87 @PWM
(Ch c CQM 1 -CPV43E) a ra cng mt v hai cc xung c t s lun
phin xc nh (0%-99%).
88 @RXD
Nhp d liu thng qua cng lin lc.
89 @SCL2
(Ch c CQM 1-CPV43E) Chuyn i tuyn tnh mt gi tr hexa 4 s
nh du thnh gi tr s BCD 4 ch s.
90 @SCL3
(Ch c CQM 1 -CPV43E) Chuyn i tuyn tnh mt gi tr BCD 4 ch s
thnh gi tr hexa 4 ch s nh du.
91 @SEC
Chuyn i d liu gi (h) v pht thnh d liu giy (s).
92 @SBBL
Tr i mt gi tr nh phn 8 ch s (bnh thng hoc nh du) tr gi tr
khc v a kt qu ra R v R +1.
93 @SRCH
Kim tra phm vi xc nh ca b nh dng cho d liu xc nh. a cc
a ch t cc t trong phm vi cha d liu.
94 @SUM
Tnh tng ni dung cc t trong phm vi xc nh ca b nh.
123
TT Tn lnh
M t
95 @XFRB
Chp trng thi ca nhiu nht l 255 bt ngun xc nh vo cc bt ch xc
nh.
96 @ZCP
So snh mt t vi mt di xc nh bi gii hn thp v cao v a kt qu
n cc c GR, EQ, LE.
97 ZCPL
So snh mt gi tr 8 ch s vi mt di xc nh bi cc gii hn thp v cao
sau da kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE.
98 SLD
Dch tri d liu gia cc t u v cui mt ch s (4 bt) v l bn tri.
99 SRD
Dch phi d liu gia cc t u v cui mt ch s (4 bt) v bn phi.
100 MLPX
Chuyn i 4 ch s hexa trong t ngun thnh gi tr thp phn t 0 n 15
v ghi vo cc t hoc cc bt kt qu c v tr tng ng vi gi tr c
chuyn i.
101 DMPX
Xc nh v tr ON cao nht trong t ngun v chuyn cc bt tng ng vo
t kt qu.
102 SDEC
Chuyn gi tr hexa t ngun n d liu cho hin th 7 thanh.
103 DIST
Chuyn mt t ca d liu ngun n t cui m a ch ca n c cho bi
t cui cng vi OFF SET.
104 CON
Li d liu t ngun v vit n vo t cui.
105 MOVB
Truyn bt xc nh ca t hoc bng s ngun n bt xc nh ca t cui.
106 MOVD
Chuyn ni dung hexa ca cc ch s ngun 4 bt xc nh t cc ch s
cui xc nh. ti a l 4 ch s.
107 SFTR
Dch d liu trong tng ngun hoc ch cui cc t ngun xc nh v hn
tri hoc bn phi.
108 TCMP
So snh gi tr hexa 4 ch s vi gi tr trong bng gm 16 t.
109 ASC
Chuyn i cc gi tr hexa t ngun thnh m ASII 8 bt bt u ti na tn
cng bn tri hoc phi ca t u xc nh.
110 SBS
Gi v thc hin chng trnh con.
111 SBN
nh du bt u ca chng trnh con.
112 RET
Kt thc ca chng trnh con v tr v chng trnh chnh.
113 IOFF
Lm ti tt c u vo v ra gia t u v t cui.
114 MACRO
Gi v thc hin chng trnh con thay th cc t vo ra.
115 @ASFT
To mt b ghi dch trao i ni dung ca cc t lin kt khi mt trong cc
t l 0.
116 @MCMP
so snh mt cm 16 t lin tip vi mt cm 16 t lin tip khc.
117 @RXD
o d liu thng qua mt cng lin lc (cng COM).
118 @TXD
Gi d liu thng qua mt cng lin lc.
119 CMPL
So snh 2 i lng hexa 8 ch s.
120 @INI
Khi ng v dng qu trnh m, so snh v chuyn PV ca b m, dng
u ra xung.
121 @PRV
c PV ca b m v d liu trng thi cho b m c tc cao nht.
122 @CTBL
So snh PV ca b m v pht mt bn trc tip hoc l khi ng qu trnh
chy.
123 @SPED
a ra cc xung vi tn s xc nh (10 Hz 50 kHz trong cc b 10 Hz) tn
s ra c th thay i trong khi cc xung ang c a ra.
124 @PULS
a ra mt s xc nh cc xung c tn s xc nh, u ra xung khng dng
cho n khi s lng xung c a ra ht.
125 @SCL
Th hin s i thang o cho gi tr tnh ton.
126 @BCNT
m tng s cc bt ang chy (ON) trong cm t xc nh.
124
TT Tn lnh
M t
127 @BCMP
Quyt nh xem gi tr ca mt t c nm trong phm vi xc nh bi gii
hn di v trn.
128 @STIM
iu khin Time khong dng cho cc ngt th tc.
129 DSW
a vo d liu BCD 4 hoc 8 ch s t mt chuyn mch s.
130 7SEG
Chuyn d liu BCD 4 hoc 8 ch s thnh dng hin th 7 thanh.
131 @INT
Th hin iu khin v ngt nh l mt n hoc khng mt n cc bt ngt
cho cc ngt vo ra.
132 @ACC
Cho (CQM 1-CPV43-E) cng vi PVLS (-) ACC (-) iu khin tng tc v
gim tc cc xung ra t cng 1 v 2.
133 @ABDL
Cng hai gi tr nh phn 8 ch s (d kin thng hoc ng du) v a kt
qu ra R v R +1.
134 @APR
Th hin cc php tnh sin, cosin hoc cc tim cn tuyn lnh.
135 AVG
Cng mt s xc nh cc t hexa v tnh gi tr chnh, quay du thp phn i
mt khong 4 ch s.
2. BNG LNH CA PLC - S5 (Siemens - Ty c)

TT
Tn lnh
M t
2.1. Cc lnh c bn: (S dng vi khi OB, PB, FB, SB)

2.1.1. Nhm lnh i s logic Bool
1
A(
AN
O(
ON
Dng ng ngoc biu thc m ngoc trc , lnh ny khng c i

tng.
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v
bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c
ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im
n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v bt)
ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c
ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im n
(n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
2.1.2. Lnh set, reset

Ni dung ca RLO hin hnh c gn cho i tng n.
Nu ni dung ca RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 0 s c gn cho i
tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i
10 S
n Nu ni dung RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 1 s c gn cho i tng n
v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i.
2.1.3. Lnh np v truyn
11 L
n Ni dung ca i tng lnh (n v byte) c sao chp vo ACCU1 khng
ph thuc vo RLO, ni dung trc ca ACCU1 chuyn sang ACCU2.
12 LD
n Np ni dung i tng n (dng m BCD) vo ACCU1 khng ph thuc
RLO.
13 T
n Ni dung ca ACCU1 truyn cho i tng n (n v byte) khng ph thuc
RLO, v d truyn cho vng m u ra.
8
9
=
R
n
n
125
TT
Tn lnh
M t
2.1.4 lnh v thi gian

14 R
15 SD
16 SE
17 SF
18 SP
19 SS
Xo b thi gian nu RLO = 1

B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t, khi
RLO v 0 th b thi gian v khng ngay.
B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy tr d thi
gian t, khng ph thuc RLO na.
B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO, khi RLO v khng th b thi gian
cn duy tr mt khong thi gian bng thi gian t.
B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy tr cho n
khi t thi gian t (RLO = 1), khi RLO = 0 th b thi gian v 0 ngay.
B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t v
khng ph thuc RLO na, n ch v khng khi c lnh xo R.
2.1.5. Lnh ca b m
20 CD
21 CU
22 R
23 S
C
C
S m gim 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO

na.
S m tng 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO
na.
Xo b m nu RLO = 1
t b m nu RLO = 1
2.1.6. Cc lnh ton hc

So snh bng nhau ca hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2 (dng bt)
Cng ni dung hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu np vo ACCU1
(lnh ny ch c STL).
So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng
ACCU1 khng ?
So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c nh hn ACCU1
khng?
So snh i tng lnh trong hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc
nhau khng ?
So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng
ACCU1 khng ?
So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c ln hn ACCU1 khng?
Tr ni dung thanh ghi ACCU1 vi ni dung thanh ghi ACCU2, kt qu
np vo ACCU1 (lnh ny ch c STL).
24 !=F
25 +F
26 <=F
27 <F
28 ><F
29 >=F
30 >F
31 -F
2.1.7. Cc lnh gi khi.

32 C
33 G
34 JC
35 JU
n
n
Gi khi d liu DB, khng ph thuc vo RLO, qut chng trnh khng b
gin on, RLO khng b nh hng.
To lp hoc xo khi d liu c lp vi RLO.
Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu RLO = 1.
Nhy sang lm vic khi n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO khng b nh
hng.
2.1.8. Cc lnh kt thc.

36 BE
37 BEC
38 BEU
126
Lnh kt thc khi.

Lnh kt thc c iu kin gia khi (RLO = 1)
Lnh kt thc khng iu kin gia khi, khng ph thuc RLO.
TT
Tn lnh
M t
2.1.9. Cc 1nh thng.

39 NOP
40 NOP
0
1
M lnh 16 bt trong RAM u bng 0 ( gi ch).

2.1.10. Lnh dng

41
STP
Lnh dng cui chng trnh, b PLC i vo trng thi ngh.
2.2. Cc 1nh thay th (ch dng vi khi FB)

2.2.1. Cc lnh i s logic Bool thay th.
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
A=
AN=
AW
DO=
O=
ON=
OW
XOR
Lnh AND thay th.

Lnh AND o thay th.
T hp tng bt theo lut logic AND.
Lnh DO thay th.
Lnh OR thay th.
Lnh OR o thay th.
T hp tng bt theo lut logic OR.
T hp tng bt theo lut logic OR c bit.
2.2.2. Cc lnh v bt.

50
51
52
53
RU
SU
TB
TBN
Lnh xo bt khng iu kin.

t mt bt v iu kin.
Trc nghim bt cho trng thi tn hiu 1
Trc nghim bt cho trng thi tn hiu 0.
2.2.3. Lnh st, reset thay th.

54
55
56
57
==
RB=
RD=
S=
Lnh gn thay th.

Lnh xo i tng lnh hnh thc.
Lnh xo i tng lnh hnh thc dng s.
Lnh t i tng lnh hnh thc.
2.2.4. Cc lnh v thi gian v m

58
59
60
61
62
63
FR=
SD=
SEC=
SFD=
SP=
SSU=
Lnh kh thi thay th.

Lnh khi ng b thi gian bt u tr hnh thc.
Khi ng b thi gian m rng hoc b m.
Lnh khi ng b thi gian tt tr hoc b m xung.
Lnh khi ng b thi gian xung hnh thc.
Lnh khi ng b thi gian bt u tr.
2.2.5. Cc lnh np l truyn.

64
65
66
67
L=
LD=
LW=
T=
Lnh np thay th.

Lnh np i tng hnh thc dng c s BCD.
Lnh np mu bt ca i tng lnh hnh thc.
Lnh truyn i tng lnh hnh thc.
2.2.6. Cc lnh chuyn i.

68 CTW
69 CSW
Ni dung ACCU1 c chuyn i tng bt mt.

B sung cho 2.
2.2.7. Cc 1nh dch chuyn.

70 SLW
71 SRW
Dy bt trong ACCU1 dch sang tri.

Dy bt trong ACCU1 dch sang phi.
127
TT
Tn lnh
M t
2.2.8. Cc lnh nhy.

72
73
74
75
76
77
78
Nhy c iu kin (RLO = l)

Nhy nu kt qu l m (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 1).
Nhy nu kt qu l (0,0) (CC1 = l, CC0 = 0).
Nhy khi c trn.
Nhy nu kt qu l dng (CC1 = l, CC0 = 0).
Nhy khng iu kin.
Nhy nu kt qu l 0 (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 0)
JC=
JM=
JN:
JO=
JP=
JU=
JZ=
2.2.9. Cc lnh khc.

79 D
80 DO
81 FR
82
83
84
85
I
IA
LRS
RA
Gim ni dung trong ACCU1.

X l t c hoc t d liu.
TC Tc ng vo TIME hoc COUTER c khi khng c bin i sn khi
ng b thi gian, t mt b m m ln hoc m xung.
Tng ni dung trong ACCU1.
Lnh cm ngt.
Np min d liu h thng (np min RS... vo ACCU1).
Cho php ngt.
2.2.10. Nhm lnh h thng.

86 ADD
87 JC
88 JU
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
n
n
LIR
RU
STS
SU
TAK
TIR
TNB
Lnh cng mt hng s.

Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu RLO = 1.
Nhy sang lm vic khi n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO khng b nh
hng.
Lnh np gin tip thanh ghi.
lnh dng tc khc.
t mt bt v iu kin.
Lnh trao i ni dung thanh ghi.
Lnh truyn gin tip thanh ghi.
Lnh truyn mt trng d liu.
3. BNG LNH CA PLC - S7-200 (Siemens - Ty c)

TT
Tn lnh
M t
3.1. Cc lnh thc hin v iu kin

Gi tr bt u tin trong ngn xp c sao chp sang im n ch dn trong
lnh.
2 =I
N
Gi tr bt u tin trong ngn xp c sao chp trc tip sang im n ch
dn ngay khi lnh c thc hin.
3 A
N
Gi tr bt u tin ca ngn xp c thc hin bng php tnh AND vi
im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp.
4 AB<= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1
nu gi tr byte n1 khng ln hn gi tr ca byte n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo
bt u tin ca ngn xp.
5 AB= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1
nu gi tr ca hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo
bt u tin ca ngn xp.
1 =
128
TT
Tn lnh
6 AB>= n1,n2
M t
Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr
1 nu gi tr ca hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li
vo bt u tin ca ngn xp.
7 AD<= n1,n2
1 nu ni dung ca hai t kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu
c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp.
8 AD>= n1,n2
1 nu ni dung ca hai t kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu
9 A D = n1,n2
1 nu ni dung ca hai t kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu
10 AI
N
Lnh AND c thc hin tc thi gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn
xp vi im n c ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u ca ngn
xp.
11 ALD
Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin v ca bt th hai trong
ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr
cn li trong ngn xp c ko ln mt bt.
12 AN
N
Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt du tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr
nghch o ca im n trong ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin
ca ngn xp
13 ANI
N
Thc hin tc thi lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp
vi gi tr nghch o ca im n trong ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo
bt u tin ca ngn xp.
(5)
14 AR<= n1,n2
1 nu ni dung ca hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp.
15 AR= n1,n2(5) Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr
1 nu ni dung ca hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c
16 AR>= n1,n2(5) Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr
1 nu ni dung ca hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c
17 AW<= n 1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr
1 nu ni dung ca hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li
18 AW= n1,n2
1 nu ni dung ca hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li
19 AW>= n1,n2
1 nu ni dung ca hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li
20 CTU Cxx,PV Khi ng b m tin theo sn ln tn hiu u vo. B m c t
li trng thi ban u (Reset) nu u vo R ca b m c kch.
21 CTDU Cxx,PV Khi ng b m tin theo sn ln tn hiu u vo th nht v m li
theo sn ln tn hiu th hai. B m c t li trng thi ban u
(reset) nu u vo R ca b m c kch.
22 ED
t gi tr logic 1 vo bt u tin ca ngn xp khi xut hin sn xung
ca tn hiu.
129
TT
Tn lnh
23 EU
24 LD
25 LDB<= n1,n2
26 LDB= n1,n2
27 LDB>= n1,n2
28 LDD= n1,n2
29 LDD>= n1,n2
30 LDI
31 LDN
32 LDNI n
33 LDR<= n1,n2(5)
34 LDR= n1,n2(5)
35 LDR>= n1,n2(5)
36 LDW<=n1,n2(5)
37 LDW= n1,n2(5)
38 LDW>=n1,n2(5)
39 LPP
40 LPS
41 LRD
42 MEND (l)(2)
43 NOT
44 O
n
45 OB<= n1, n2
46 OB=
130
n1, n2
M t
t gi tr logic 1 vo bt u tin ca ngn xp khi xut hin sn ln ca
tn hiu.
Np gi tr logic ca im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt u tin ca ngn
xp.
Bt u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v
n2 tho mn n1 n2.
Bt u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni ung hai byte n1 v
n2 tho mn n1 = n2.
Bt u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v
n2 tho mn n1 n2.
Bt u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v
n2 tho mn n1 = n2.
Bt u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v
n2 tho mn n1 n2.
Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic ca tip im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt
u tin trong ngn xp.
Lnh np gi tr logic nghch o ca tip im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt
u tin trong ngn xp.
Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic nghch o ca tip im n ch dn trong
lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn xp
Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai s thc n1
v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
v n2 tho mn n1 = n2.
v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t n1 v
n2 tho mn n1 n2.
n2 tho mn n1 = n2.
n2 tho mn n1 n2.
Ko ni dung ca ngn xp ln mt bt. Gi tr mi ca bt trn l gi tr c
ca bt di, su ca ngn xp gim i mt bt.
Sao chp gi tr bt u tin trong ngn xp vo bt th hai. Ni dung cn
li ca ngn xp b y xung mt bt.
Sao chp gi tr ca bt th hai vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Gi tr cn
li ca ngn xp gi nguyn.
Kt thc phn chng trnh trong mt vng qua.
o gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp.
Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi im n ch dn
trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp.
Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu
ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u
tin trong ngn xp.
ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u
tin trong ngn xp.
TT
Tn lnh
47 OB>= n1, n2
48 OD<= n1, n2
49 OD=
n1, n2
50 OD>= n1, n2
51 OI
52 OLD
53 ON
54 ONI
55 OR<= n1,n2(5)
56 OR=
n1,n2(5)
57 OR>= n1,n2(5)
58 OW<= n1,n2(5)
59 OW=
n1,n2(5)
60 OW>= n1,n2(5)
61 RET
62 RET
(l)(3)(4)
(2)(3)(4)
M t
ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u
tin trong ngn xp.
ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt
u tin trong ngn xp.
ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt
u tin trong ngn xp.
ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt
u tin trong ngn xp.
Thc hin tc thi ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi im n
ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp.
Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u v bt th hai trong ngn xp. Kt qu
c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li ca ngn xp
c chuyn ln mt bt.
Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic
nghch o ca im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u
tin trong ngn xp
Thc hin tc thi ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr
logic nghch o ca im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bt
u tin trong ngn xp.
hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u
trong ngn xp
hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu ghi vo bt u trong ngn
xp.
hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 > n2. Kt qu ghi li vo bt u trong
ngn xp.
hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 < n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u trong
ngn xp.
Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u lin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu
hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u trong
ngn xp.
hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u trong
ngn xp.
Lnh thot khi chng trnh con v tr iu khin chng trnh gi n.
Lnh thot khi chng trnh x l ngt (interrupt) v tr iu khin
chng trnh chnh.
3.2. Cc lnh c iu kin

63 *R
64 /R
IN1,
IN2(5)
IN1,
IN2(5)
Thc hin php nhn hai s thc (32bt) IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li
vo IN2.
Thc hin php chia hai s thc (32bt) IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li
vo IN2.
131
TT
Tn lnh
65 +D
IN1,
IN2
66 +I
IN1,
IN2
67 +R
IN1,
IN2(5)
68 ANDD IN1,
IN2
69 ANDW IN1,
IN2
70 AICH INT,
EVENT
71 ATH INT,
OUT,
LEN
72 ATT DATA
TABLE
73 BCDI IN
74 BMB
IN,
OUT,N
75 BMW IN,
OUT,N
76 CALL n(1)(6)
77 CRET (l)(3)(4)
78 CRETI (2)(3)(4)
79 -D
IN1,
IN2
80 DECD IN
81 DECO IN,
OUT
82 DECW IN
83 DSIS (1)
84 DIV
IN1,
IN2
85 DTCH EVENT
86 DTR IN,
OUT(5)
87 ENCO IN,OUT
(l)
88 ENI
89 FIFO TABLE,
DATA(5)
90 FILL IN,
OUT,N
132
M t
Thc hin php cng hai s nguyn kiu t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo IN2.
Thc hin php cng hai s nguyn kiu t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi
li vo IN2.
Thc hin php cng hai s thc (32bt) li v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li
vo IN2.
Thc hin ton t AND gia cc gi tr kiu t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu
c ghi li vo IN2.
Thc hin ton t AND gia cc gi tr kiu t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo IN2.
Khai bo chng trnh x l ngt INT theo kiu EVENT
Bin i mt su k t t m ASCII t v tr IN (kiu byte) vi di LEN
(kiu byte) sang m hexa (c s 16) v ghi vo mng k t byte OUT.
Ni mt gi tr kiu t DATA (2 byte) vo bng TABLE.
Bin i mt gi tr t m BCD c di 2 byte sang kiu nguyn. Kt
qu c ghi li vo IN.
Sao chp mt mng gm N byte k t v tr u IN (byte) vo mng c v
tr l OUT (kiu byte)
sao chp mt mng t (2 byte) vi di N (1 byte) v v tr du IN (2
byte) vo mng c v tr u OUT.
Gi chng trnh con c nh nhn n.
Kt thc mt chng trnh con v tr iu khin v chng trnh gi n.
Kt thc mt chng trnh x l ngt v tr iu khin v chng trnh
chnh.
Thc hin php tr hai s nguyn kiu t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo IN2.
Gim gi tr ca t kp IN i mt n v.
Gii m gi tr ca mt byte IN sau gn gi tr 1 vo bt ca t OUT (2
byte) c ch s l IN.
Gim gi tr ca t IN i mt n v.
v hiu ho tt c cc ngt (interrupt).
Chia s nguyn 16 bt, c xc nh l t thp ca IN2 (kiu t kp), cho
IN1 kiu l. Kt qu c ghi li vo t IN2.
V hiu ho mt ngt kiu EVENT
Chuyn i mt s nguyn 32 bt IN c du sang thnh mt s thc 32 bt
OUT
Chuyn i ch s ca bt thp nht c gi tr logic 1 trong t IN sang
thnh mt s nguyn v ghi vo bt cui ca byte OUT.
t tt c cc ngt vo ch tch cc.
Ly gi tr c cho vo u tin ra khi bng v chuyn n n vng
d liu DATA c ch dn trong lnh.
gi tr t IN vo mt mng nh gm N t (N c kiu byte) bt u t v
tr OUT (kiu t).
TT
Tn lnh
91 FND< SRC,
PATRRI
NDX(5)
92 END<> SRC,
PATRRI,
NDX(5)
93 FND= SRC,
PATRRI,
NDX(5)
94 FND> SRC,
PATRRI,
NDX(5))
95 FOR INDEX
INITIAL,
FINAL(1)5
96 HDEF HSC,
MODE(1)
97 HSC n
98 HTA IN,OUT,
LEN
99 -I
IN1, IN2
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
M t
Xc nh v tr nh trong bng SRC (kiu t), k t cho bi INDX
(kiu t, = 0 nu t u bng) m gi tr nh hn gi tr ca PATRN
(kiu t).
(kiu t, = 0 nu t u bng) m gi tr khc gi tr ca PATRN
(kiu t).
(kiu t, = 0 nu t u bng) m gi tr bng gi tr ca PATRN
(kiu t).
(kiu t, = 0 nu t u bng) m gi tr ln hn gi tr ca PATRN
(kiu t).
Thc hin cc lnh nm gia FOR v NEXT theo kiu xoay vng vi b
m s vng INDEX (kiu t), bt u t vng s INITIAL (kiu t) v
kt thc ti vng FINAL (t).
Xc nh kiu thut ton MODE cho b m tc cao HSC (byte).
a b m tc cao s n vo trng thi tch cc.

Chuyn i mt s h hexa IN (kiu byte) thnh dy k t m ASCII v
ghi vo mng byte bt u bng byte OUT vi di LEN (kiu byte).
Thc hin php tr hai s nguyn kiu t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi
li vo IN2.
IBCD IN
Chuyn i gi tr nguyn l (kiu t) thnh gi tr BCD v ghi li vo IN.
INCD IN
Tng gi tr ca t kp IN ln mt n v.
INCW IN
Tng gi tr ca t IN ln mt n v.
(1)(2)(4)
INT
N
Khai bo nhn n cho chng trnh x l ngt.
INVD IN
Ly phn b kiu mt (o gi tr logic ca cc bt) ca mt t kp IN v
ghi li vo in.
JMP xx
Chuyn iu khin vo nh nh bng nhn xx trong chng trnh c
khai bo bi lnh LBL.
LBL xx
t nhn xx trong chng trnh, nh hng cho lnh nhy JMP.
LIFO TABLE, Ly gi tr c cho vo bng sau cng ra khi bng TABLE v
DATA(5) chuyn n n vng d liu DATA (kiu t).
MOVB IN, OUT Sao gi tr ca byte IN sang byte OUT.
MOVD IN, OUT Sao gi tr ca t kp IN sang t kp OUT.
MOVR IN,
Sao s thc IN sang OUT.
OUT(5)
MOVW IN, OUT Sao gi tr ca t IN sang t OUT.
MUL IN1, IN2 Nhn hai s nguyn 16 bt IN1 vi hai byte thp ca s nguyn 32 bt IN2
sau ghi li kt qu vo IN2.
NETR TABLE, Khi to truyn thng c d liu t ngoi vi qua cng lot vo bng
PORT(5) TABLE.
NETW TABLE, Khi to truyn thng ghi d liu ca bng TABLE ra ngoai vi qua
PORT(5) cng PORT.
NEXT (l)(5)(7)
Lnh kt thc vng lp FOR... NEXT.
NOP
Lnh rng.
ORD IN1, IN2 Thc hin ton t OR cho hai t kp IN1 v IN2, sau ghi kt qu li
vo IN2.
133
TT
Tn lnh
118 ORW IN1, IN2
M t
Thc hin ton t OR cho hai t IN1 v IN2, sau ghi kt qu li vo
IN2.
(5)
119 PLS
xx
a b pht xung nhanh c nh ngha trong b nh c bit vo
trng thi tch cc. Xung c a ra cng Qx.x.
120 R
S_BT,n Xo mt mng gm n bt k t a ch S_BT (kiu bt).
121 -R
IN1,
Thc hin php tr hai s thc (32bt) IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li
vo IN2.
NT2(5)
122 Ri
S_BT,n Xo tc thi mt mng gm n bt k t a ch S_BT.
123 RLD IN, n
Quay trn t kp IN sang tri n bt.
124 RLW IN, n
Quay trn t IN sang tri n bt.
125 RRD IN, n
Quay trn t kp IN sang phi n bt.
126 RRW IN, n
Quay trn t IN sang phi n bt.
127 S
S_BT,n t gi tr logic 1 vo mt mng n bt k t a ch S_BT.
128 SBR N(1)(2)(4)
Khai bo nhn n cho chng trnh con.
129 SEG IN, OUT Chuyn i gi tr ca 4 bt thp trong byte IN sang thnh m tng ng
cho thanh ghi 7 nt v ghi vo OUT
130 SHRB DATA,
Dch thanh ghi gm |n|0 bt c bt thp nht l S_BT sang tri nu n>0.
S_BT,n hoc sang phi nu n<0. Gi tr ca bt DATA c a vo bt trng ca
thanh ghi sau khi dch (bt S_BT nu n>0, hoc bt S_BT nu n<0)
131 SI
S_BT,n t tc thi gi tr logic 1 vo mng n bt k t bt S_BT.
132 SLD IN,n
Dch t kp IN sang tri mt bt.
133 SLW IN,n
Dch t IN sang tri mt bt.
134 SQRT IN, OUT Ly cn bc hai ca s thc 32 bt IN v ghi kt qu vo OUT (32bt).
135 SRD IN,n
Dch t kp IN sang phi mt bt.
136 SRW IN,n
Dch t IN sang phi mt bt.
137 STOP
Dng mm chng trnh.
138 SWAP IN
i ch hai bt u tin v cui cng ca byte IN cho nhau.
(5)
139 TODR T
c gi v ngy thng sau hin thi t ng h v ghi vo b m 8 byte
u l T.
140 TODW T(5)
Ghi vo ng h gi tr thi gian, ngy, thng t b m 8 byte vi byte
u l T.
141 TON Txx, PT Khi ng b pht thi gian tr Txx vi thi gian tr t trc l tch ca
PT (kiu t) v phn gii ca b thi gian Txx c chn.
142 TONR Txx, PT Khi ng b pht thi gian tr c nh Txx vi thi gian tr t trc l
tch ca PT(kiu t) v phn gii ca b thi gian Txx c chn.
143 TRUNG IN,
Chuyn i mt s thc 32 bt IN thnh mt s nguyn 32 bt c u v
OUT(5) ghi vo OUT.
144 WDR
t chun li b pht xung kim tra.
145 XMT TABLE, Truyn ni dung ca bng TABLE n cng PORT.
PORT
146 XORD
IN1, Thc hin ton t exclusive OR cho cc bt ca hai t kp IN1 v IN2.
IN2
Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
147 XORW
IN1, Thc hin ton t exclusive OR cho cc bt ca hai t IN1 v IN2. Kt
IN2
qu c ghi li vo IN2.
(l)
Nhng lnh khng thc hin c trong chng trnh x l ngt. Lnh INT ch c th l lnh
bt u ca chng trnh x l ngt.
134
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Nhng lnh khng thc hin c trong chng trnh con. Lnh SBR ch c th l lnh bt
u ca chng trnh con.
Nhng lnh c km chc nng ghi li ni dung ca ngn xp trc .
Nhng lnh khng s dng c trong chng trnh chnh.
Nhng lnh ch c trong CPU 214.
Ghi nh li ni dung tc thi ca ngn xp. t TOS ln 1 v gn gi tr logic 0 vo cc bt cn
li ca ngn xp.
t TOS ln 1.
4. BNG LNH CA PLC S7-300 (SIEMENS - Ty c)

TT
1 +
2 =
3 )
Tn lnh
n
n
4 +AR1 n
5 +AR2 n
6 +D
7 -D
8 *D
9 /D
10 = =D
11 <>D
12 >D
13 <D
14 >=D
15 <=D
16 +I
17 -I
18 *I
19 /I
20 = =I
21 <>l
22 >I
M t
Cng vi hng s c vit im n.
Ni dung ca RLO hin hnh c gn cho i tng n.
Dng ng ngoc biu thc m ngoc trc , lnh ny khng c
i tng.
Cng ni dung ca ACCU1 hoc ni dung ti con tr n vi ni dung c
a ch thanh ghi 1.
Cng ni dung ca ACCU1 hoc ni dung ti con tr n vi ni dung c
a ch thanh ghi 2.
Cng 2 s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1.
Tr s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1, kt qu
ACCU1.
Nhn 2 s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1.
Chia s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1, kt qu
ACCU1.
So snh hai s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 c bng nhau khng.
So snh hai s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc nhau
khng.
So snh s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 c ln hn s nguyn 32 bt
ACCU1 khng.
So snh s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 c nh hn s nguyn 32 bt
ACCU1 khng.
So snh s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng s nguyn 32 bt
ACCU1 khng.
So snh s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng s nguyn 32
bt ACCU1 khng.
Cng 2 s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1.
Tr s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 cho s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1, kt qu
ACCU1.
Nhn 2 s nguyn 1 6 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1.
Chia s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 cho s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1, kt qu
ACCU1.
So snh hai s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 c bng nhau khng.
So snh hai s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc nhau
khng.
So snh s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 c ln hn s nguyn 16 bt
ACCU1 khng.
135
TT
23 <I
Tn lnh
24 >=I
25 <=I
26 +R
27 -R
28 *R
29 /R
30 = =R
31 <>R
32 >R
33 <R
34 >=R
35 <=R
36 A
37 A(
38 ABS
39 AD
40 AN
41 AN(
42 AW
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
136
BEC
BEU
BLD
BTD
BTI
CAD
CAR
CAW
CALL
CC
M t
So snh s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 c nh hn s nguyn 16 bt
ACCU1 khng.
So snh s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng s nguyn 16 bt
ACCU1 khng.
So snh s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng s nguyn 16
bt ACCU1 khng.
Cng 2 s thc 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1.
Tr s thc 32 bt ACCU2 cho s thc 32 bt ACCU1, kt qu
ACCU1.
Nhn 2 s thc 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1.
Chia s thc 32 bt ACCU2 cho s thc 32 bt ACCU1, kt qu
ACCU1.
So snh hai s thc 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 c bng nhau khng.
So snh hai s thc 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc nhau
khng.
So snh s thc 32 bt ACCU2 c ln hn s thc 32 bt ACCU1
khng.
So snh s thc 32 bt ACCU2 c nh hn s thc 32 bt ACCU1
khng.
So snh s thc 32 bt ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng s thc 32 bt
ACCU1 khng.
So snh s thc 32 bt ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng s thc 32 bt
ACCU1 khng.
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n
v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc
(c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO.
Ly gi tr tuyt i ca s thc 32 bt.
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu
ACCU1 (32 bt).
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca
im n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca
biu thc trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu
ACCU1 (16 bt).
Lnh kt thc c iu kin gia khi (RLO:l)
Lnh kt thc khi khng iu kin, khng ph thuc RLO.
Hin th lnh ca chng trnh.
Chuyn s dng m BCD sang s nguyn 32 bt.
Chuyn s dng m BCD sang s nguyn 16 bt.
i th t byte trong ACCU1 (32 bt).
Chuyn ni dung thanh ghi 1 vi ni dung thanh ghi 2.
i th t byte trong ACCU1 (16 bt)
Lnh gi khi.
Lnh gi khi c iu kin.
TT
Tn lnh
53 CD
54 CDB
55 CLR
56 CU
57
58
59
60
61
62
DEC
DTB
DTR
IN
FP
FR
63 FR
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
INC
INVD
INVI
ITB
ITD
JBI
JC
JCB
JCN
JL
JM
JMZ
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
JN
JNB
JNBI
JO
JOS
JP
JPZ
T
C
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
83 JU
84 JUO
85 JZ
86 L
87 L C
88 L T
89 L DBLG
M t
S m gim 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO
na.
Chuyn khi d liu chung thnh khi d liu ring.
xo RLO (RLO = 0)
S m tng 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO
na.
Gim ni dung trong ACCU1 i mt n v.
i s nguyn 32 bt thnh s dng m BCD.
i s nguyn 32 bt thnh s thc.
Chn ly sn m ca RLO.
Chn ly sn dng ca RLO.
Khi to b thi gian TIME c khi khng c bin i sn khi ng
b thi gian.
Khi to b m COUTER c khi khng c bin i sn t mt b
m m ln hoc m xung.
Tng s trong ACCU1 ln mt n v.
Ly phn b mt ca s nguyn 32 bt.
Ly phn b mt ca s nguyn 16 bt.
i s nguyn 16 bt thnh s dng m BCD.
i s nguyn 16 bt thnh s nguyn 32 bt.
Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu BR = 1.
Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO = 1.
Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO = 1 v BR = 1.
Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO = 0.
Nhy n nhn ghi n.
Nhy nu kt qu l m (CC1 = 0, CC0 = l)
Nhy nu kt qu l m hoc bng khng (CC1 = 0 hoc 0, CC0 = 0
hoc l).
Nhy nu kt qu l khc khng (CC1 = 1 hoc 0, CC0 = 0 hoc l).
Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO = 0 v BR = 0.
Nhy sang lm vic nhn nu VO = 1.
Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu OS = 0.
Nhy nu kt qu l dng (CC1 = 1, CC0 = 0).
Nhy nu kt qu l ln hn hoc bng khng (CC1 = 0 hoc 1, CC0 = 0
hoc 0).
Nhy sang lm vic nhn n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO khng b
nh hng.
Nhy nu (CC1 = 1, CC0 = 1).
Nhy nu kt qu l khng (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 0).
Ni dung ca i tng lnh (n v byte) c sao chp vo ACCU1
khng ph thuc vo RLO, ni dung trc ca ACCU1 chuyn sang
ACCU2.
Np gi tr tc thi (s nguyn) ca b m vo ACCU1
Np gi tr tc thi (s nguyn) ca b thi gian vo ACCU 1.
Np di ca khi d liu DB vo ACCU1.
137
TT
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Tn lnh
L
DBNO
L
DILG
L
DINO
L
STW
LAR 1
LAR 1
n
LAR 1
AR2
LAR 1
P#
LAR2
LAR2
n
LAR2
P#
LC
C
LC
T
LOOP
n
MCR(
)MCR
MCRA
MCRD
MOD
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
NEGD
NEGI
NEGR
NOP
NOP
NOT
O
0
1
n
116 O(
117 OD
118 ON
119 ON(
120 OPN
121 OW
122 POP
123 PUSH
124 R
125 R
126 R
T
C
138
M t
Np s ca khi d liu DB vo ACCU1.
Np di ca khi d liu DI vo ACCU1.
Np s ca khi d liu DI vo ACCU1.
Np t trng thi vo ACCU1.
Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t ACCU1.
Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t v tr n ghi trong lnh.
Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t thanh ghi 2.
Np vo thanh ghi 1 t a ch ti con tr (s thc kp).
Np vo thanh ghi 2 t a ch ti con tr (s thc kp).
Np s m hin thi dng m BCD vo ACCU1.
Np gi tr thi gian hin thi dng m BCD vo ACCU1.
Lp li t nhn n.
Ct kt qu ca php tnh logic vo vng MCR.
Kt thc vng MCR.
Kch hot vng MCR.
Thi kch hot vng MCR.
Php chia ly phn d ca s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32
bt ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
Ly s b hai ca s nguyn 32 bt.
Ly s b hai ca s nguyn 16 bt.
Ly du m cho s thc 32 bt.
t trng thi khng cho RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v
bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc
(c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu
ACCU1 (32 bt).
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca
im n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o php
ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO.
M khi d liu.
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu
ACCU1 (16 bt).
Chuyn ni dung ACCU2 sang ACCU1.
Nu ni dung ca RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 0 s c gn cho i
tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i.
Xo b m nu RLO = 1
TT
127
128
129
130
Tn lnh
RLD
n
RLDA
RND
RND+
131 RND132 RRD

133 RRDA
134 S
135 S
136 SAVE
137 SD
138 SE
139 SET
140 SF
141 SLD
142 SLW
143 SP
144 SRD
145 SRW
146 SS
147 SSD
148 SSI
149 T
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
STW
T
TAK
TAR1
TAR1
TAR1
TAR2
TAR2
TRUNC
n
AR2
n
M t
Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang tri n bt.
Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang tri 1 bt qua CC 1.
i s thc 32 bt thnh s nguyn 32 bt (b phn thp phn).
i s thc 32 bt thnh s nguyn 32 bt, nu l s dng th lm trn
tng, l s m th b phn thp phn.
i s thc 32 bt thnh s nguyn 32 bt, nu l s m th lm trn tng,
l s dng th b phn thp phn.
Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang phi n bt.
Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang phi 1 bt qua CC 1.
Nu ni dung RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 1 s c gn cho i tng
n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i.
t b m nu RLO = 1
Ct kt qu ca php tnh logic vo thanh ghi BR.
B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t,
khi RLO v 0 th b thi gian v khng ngay.
B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy tr thi
gian dt, khng ph thuc RLO na.
t RLO = l
B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO, khi RLO v khng th b thi
gian cn duy tr mt khong thi gian bng thi gian t.
Dch t kp trong ACCU1 sang tri n bt hoc s bt dch c np vo
ACCU2.
Dch t n trong ACCU1 sang tri n bt hoc s bt dch c np vo
ACCU2.
B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn lem v duy tr cho
n khi t thi gian t (RLO = 1), khi RLO = 0 th b thi gian v 0
ngay.
Dch t kp trong ACCU1 sang phi n bt hoc s bt dch c np vo
ACCU2.
Dch t n trong ACCU1 sang phi n bt hoc s bt dch c np vo
ACCU2.
B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t
v khng ph thuc RLO na, n ch v khng khi c lnh xo R.
Dch s nguyn 32 bt trong ACCU1 sang phi n bt hoc s bt dch c
np vo ACCU2. cc bt trng c chn bt du ca s nguyn.
Dch s nguyn 16 bt trong ACCU1 sang phi n bt hoc s bt dch c
np vo ACCU2, cc bt trng c chn bt du ca s nguyn.
Ni dung ca ACCU1 truyn cho i lng n (n v byte) khng ph
thuc RLO, v d truyn cho vng m u ra.
Truyn t trng thi ti ACCU1.
Lnh trao i ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2.
Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n ACCU1.
Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n v tr c ch trong lnh.
Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n thanh ghi 2.
Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 2 n v tr c ch trong lnh.
Chuyn s thc 32 bt trong ACCU1 thnh s nguyn 32 bt c du.
139
TT
Tn lnh
158 UC
159 X
n
160 X(
161 XN
162 XN(
163 XOD
164 XOW
140
M t
Lnh gi khi khng iu kin.
Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im
n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton
trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch
o ca im n, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch
o php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia cc bt ca hai t kp.
Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia cc bt ca hai t n
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Nguyn Trng Thun, iu khin logic v ng dng, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k
thut, 2000.
2. Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh, V Vn H. T ng ho ti Simatic S7300, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, 2000.
3. Tng Vn Mi. Nguyn Tin Dng, iu khin logic lp trnh PLC, Nh xut bn
thng k, 2003.
4. Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh, T ng ho vi Simatic S7-200, Nh xut
bn Khoa hc v k thut, 2000.
5. A Bigincrs guide to PLC, OMROM ASIA PACIFIC, Singapor 1996.
6. SIMATIC S5. Program examplesfor Programmable Conlrollers.1992.
7. Simatic Step 7 Statemenl Lisl Reference Manual, Siemen AG, Automation Group,
Industrial Automation Systems, 1995.
141
Gio trnh
PLC
Gio Trnh PLC
Su tm : Nguyn Huy Mnh

Mc lc
Ni dung
Trang
Chng 1: L thuyt c s
1.1. Nhng nim c bn ....................................................................................................................... 2
1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic.............................................................................. 7
1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic...................................................................... 9
1.4. Cc h mch logic............................................................................................................................ 13
1.5. Grafcet m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip ......................................... 15
Chng 2: Mt s ng dng mch logic trong iu khin
2.1. Cc thit b iu khin ................................................................................................................. 24
2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc.................................................................. 25
2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun........................... 29
2.4. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu...................................................................................... 31
Chng 3: L lun chung v iu khin logic lp trnh PLC
3.1. M u....................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC........................................................................... 34
3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh................................................................................................................... 37
3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC ....................................................................................... 43
Chng 4: B iu khin PLC CPM1A
4.1. Cu hnh cng....................................................................................................................................... 45
4.2. Ghp ni.................................................................................................................................................... 49
4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh............................................................................................................................. 51
Chng 5: B iu khin PLC S5
5.1. Cu to ca b PLC S5.......................................................................................................... 54
5.2. a ch v gn a ch..................................................................................................................... 55
5.3. Vng i tng.................................................................................................................................... 57
5.4. Cu trc ca chng trnh S5.................................................................................................... 58
5.5. Bng lnh ca S5 95U............................................................................................................ 59
5.6. C php mt s lnh c bn ca S5..................................................................................... 60
Chng 6: B iu khin PLC S7 - 200
6.1. Cu hnh cng........................................................................................................................................ 70
6.2. Cu trc b nh...................................................................................................................................... 73
6.3. Chng trnh ca S7- 200.............................................................................................................. 75
6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7- 200 .................................................................... 76
Chng 7: B iu khin PLC S7-300
7.1. Cu hnh cng....................................................................................................................................... 78
7.2. Vng i tng..................................................................................................................................... 81
7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh ............................................................................................................................ 83
7.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn...................................................................................................... 84
Ph lc 1: Cc phn mm lp trnh PLC
I. Lp trnh cho OMRON...................................................................................................................... 86
II. Lp trnh cho PLC- S5....................................................................................................................... 92
III. Lp trnh cho PLC S7-200.................................................................................................... 97
IV. Lp trnh cho PLC S7-300.................................................................................................... 101
Ph lc 2: Bng lnh ca cc phn mm
1. Bng lnh ca PLC CPM1A.................................................................................................... 105
2. Bng lnh ca PLC S5.................................................................................................................. 112
3. Bng lnh ca PLC S7 -200...................................................................................................... 117
4. Bng lnh ca PLC S7-300 ....................................................................................................... 128
Gio Trnh PLC
Phn 1: Logic hai trng thi v ng dng

Chng 1: L Thuyt C S
1.1. Nhng khi nim c bn
1. Khi nim v logic hai trng thi
Trong cuc sng cc s vt v hin tng thng biu din hai trng thi
i lp, thng qua hai trng thi i lp r rt ca n con ngi nhn thc c
s vt v hin tng mt cch nhanh chng bng cch phn bit hai trng thi
. Chng hn nh ta ni nc sch v bn, gi c t v r, nc si v khng
si, hc sinh hc gii v dt, kt qu tt v xu...
Trong k thut, c bit l k thut in v iu khin, ta thng c khi
nim v hai trng thi: ng v ct nh ng in v ct in, ng my v
ngng my...
Trong ton hc, lng ho hai trng thi i lp ca s vt v hin tng
ngi ta dng hai gi tr: 0 v 1. Gi tr 0 hm c trng cho mt trang thi ca
s vt hoc hin tng, gi tr 1 c trng cho trng thi i lp ca s vt v
hin tng . Ta gi cc gi tr 0 hoc 1 l cc gi tr logic.
Cc nh bc hc xy dng cc c s ton hc tnh ton cc hm v cc
bin ch ly hai gi tr 0 v 1 ny, hm v bin c gi l hm v bin logic,
c s ton hc tnh ton hm v bin logic gi l i s logic. i s logic
cng c tn l i s Boole v ly tn nh ton hc c cng u trong vic xy
dng nn cng c i s ny. i s logic l cng c ton hc phn tch v
tng hp cc h thng thit b v mch s. N nghin cu cc mi quan h gia
cc bin s trng thi logic. Kt qu nghin cu th hin l mt hm trng thi
cng ch nhn hai gi tr 0 hoc 1.
2. Cc hm logic c bn
Mt hm y = f ( x 1 , x 2 ,..., x n ) vi cc bin x1, x2, ... xn ch nhn hai gi tr: 0
hoc 1 v hm y cng ch nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1 th gi l hm logic.
Hm logic mt bin: y = f ( x )
Vi bin x s nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1, nn hm y c 4 kh nng hay thng

gi l 4 hm y0, y1, y2, y3. Cc kh nng v cc k hiu mch rle v in t ca
hm mt bin nh trong bng 1.1
Bng 1.1
Tn
hm
Bng chn l Thut ton

logic
x
0
1
Hm
khng
y0
Hm
o
y1
K hiu s
Kiu rle
y0 = 0
y 0 = xx
y1 = x
y1
Kiu khi in t
y1
x
1
y1
Ghi
ch
Gio Trnh PLC

Hm
lp
(YES)
y2
Hm
n v
y3
y2 = x
y3 = 3
y3 = x + x
y2
y2
y2
y3
Trong cc hm trn hai hm y0v y3 lun c gi tr khng i nn t c

quan tm, thng ch xt hai hm y1 v y2.
Hm logic hai bin y = f ( x1 , x 2 )
Vi hai bin logic x1, x2, mi bin nhn hai gi tr 0 v 1, nh vy c 16 t

hp logic to thnh 16 hm. Cc hm ny c th hin trn bng1.2
Bng 1.2
Tn
hm
Hm
khng
Hm
Piec
Hm
cm
x1
Bng chn l
x1
x2
y0
Thut ton
logic
K hiu s
Kiu rle
y 0 = x1x1
Hm
lun
bng
0
+ x2x 2
y1 = x1x 2
y1
y2
0 0
= x1 + x 2
y 2 = x1x 2
x1 x 2
y1
x1
x2
y1
x1 x 2
y2
x1
x2
x1
x2
y2
INHIBIT
x1
Hm
o x1
Hm
cm
x2
y3
y4
y 3 = x1
x1 y
3
y 4 = x1x 2
x1 x 2
y4
INHIBIT
x2
Hm
o x2
Kiu khi
in t
y5
y5 = x 2
x2 y
5
Ghi
ch
x1
x2
x1
x2
x1
x2
& y2
y3
y4
& y4
y5
Gio Trnh PLC

Hm
hoc
loi
tr
XOR
Hm
Cheffer
y6
y 6 = x1x 2
+ x1x 2
y7
y 7 = x1 + x 2
x2
= x1x 2
x1
Hm
v
AND
y8
y8 = x1x 2
Hm
cng
du
y9
y 9 = x1x 2
Hm
lp x2
Hm
ko
theo
x2
Hm
lp x1
Hm
ko
theo
x1
Hm
hoc
OR
x1 x 2 y
9
y10 1
y10 = x 2
y11 1
y11 = x1 + x 2
y12 1
y12 = x1
y13 1
y13 = x1 + x 2
Hm
n v y
1
15
y7
x1 x 2
y8
+ x1x 2
y14 1
x1 x 2 y
6
x1 x 2
x1 x 2
x2 y
10
x2
y11
x1
x1 y
12
y14 = x1 + x 2
y15 = ( x 1 + x1 )
(x 2 + x 2 )
x1
y13
x2
x1
y14
x2
x1 x 2 y
15
x1 x 2
x2
x1
x2
x1
=1
y6
y6
x2
x1
y7
x
x12
x2
x1
y8
x2
x1
& y8
x2
Ch
ph
thuc
x2
y11
x1
y12
x1
x2
x1
x1
x1
x1
y9
y10
x2
x1
x1
x2
x1
x2
Cng
mod
ule
Ch
ph
thuc
x1
y13
y14
1
y14
y15
Hm
lun
bng
1
Ta nhn thy rng, cc hm i xng nhau qua trc nm gia y7 v y8, ngha
l y 0 = y15 , y1 = y14 ...
Gio Trnh PLC
Hm logic n bin y = f ( x1 , x 2 ,..., x n )
Vi hm logic n bin, mi bin nhn mt trong hai gi tr 0 hoc 1 nn ta c

2 t hp bin, mi t hp bin li nhn hai gi tr 0 hoc 1, do vy s hm logic
n
tng l 2 2 . Ta thy vi 1 bin c 4 kh nng to hm, vi 2 bin c 16 kh nng

to hm, vi 3 bin c 256 kh nng to hm. Nh vy khi s bin tng th s
hm c kh nng to thnh rt ln.
Trong tt c cc hm c to thnh ta c bit ch n hai loi hm l
hm tng chun v hm tch chun. Hm tng chun l hm cha tng cc tch
m mi tch c tt c cc bin ca hm. Hm tch chun l hm cha tch cc
tng m mi tng u c tt c cc bin ca hm.
3. Cc php tnh c bn
Ngi ta xy dng ba php tnh c bn gia cc bin logic l:
1. Php ph nh (o): k hiu bng du - pha trn k hiu ca bin.
2. Php cng (tuyn): k hiu bng du +. (song song)
3. Php nhn (hi): k hiu bng du .. (ni tip)
4. Tnh cht v mt s h thc c bn
4.1. Cc tnh cht
Tnh cht ca i s logic c th hin bn lut c bn l: lut hon v,

lut kt hp, lut phn phi v lut nghch o.
+ Lut hon v:
x1 + x 2 = x 2 + x1
x 1 .x 2 = x 2 .x 1
+ Lut kt hp:
x1 + x 2 + x 3 = ( x1 + x 2 ) + x 3 = x1 + ( x 2 + x 3 )
x1 .x 2 .x 3 = ( x1 .x 2 ).x 3 = x1 .( x 2 .x 3 )
+ Lut phn phi:

( x 1 + x 2 ).x 3 = x1 .x 3 + x 2 .x 3
x 1 + x 2 .x 3 = ( x 1 + x 2 ).( x1 + x 3 )
Ta c th minh ho kim chng tnh ng n ca lut phn phi bng

Bng 1.3
cch lp bng 1.3
x1
x2
x3
( x 1 + x 2 ).( x 1 + x 3 )
x 1 + x 2 .x 3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Gio Trnh PLC
Lut phn phi c th hin qua s rle hnh 1.1:

x1
x1 x1
nh
x2 x3
x2 x3
Hnh 1.1
+ Lut nghch o:
x 1 .x 2 = x1 + x 2 ;
x 1 + x 2 = x 1 .x 2
Ta cng minh ho tnh ng n ca lut nghch o bng cch thnh lp

Bng 1.4
bng 1.4:
x1
x2
x1
x2
x1 + x 2
x1 .x 2
x1 + x 2
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
Lut nghch o c th hin qua mch rle nh trn hnh 1.2:
x1
1
1
1
0
x2
x1 .x 2
x1 x 2
y
Hnh 1.2
Lut nghch o tng qut c th hin bng nh l De Morgan:

x 1 .x 2 .x 3 .... = x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + ... ;
x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + ... = x1 .x 2 .x 3 ...
4.2. Cc h thc c bn
Mt s h thc c bn thng dng trong i s logic c cho bng 1.5:

Bng 1.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
x+0= x
x.1 = x
x .0 = 0
x +1 = 1
x+x=x
x.x = x
x + x =1
x.x = 0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
x1+ x 2 = x 2 + x1
18
x1.x 2 = x 2 .x1
x1+ x1x 2 = x1
x 1 ( x 1 + x 2 ) = x1
x1.x 2 + x1.x 2 = x1
( x1+ x 2 )( x1 + x 2 ) = x1
x1+ x 2 + x 3 = ( x1 + x 2 ) + x 3
x1.x 2 .x 3 = ( x1.x 2 ).x 3
x1+ x 2 = x1.x 2
x1.x 2 = x1 + x 2
Gio Trnh PLC
1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic

C th biu din hm logic theo bn cch l: biu din bng bng trng thi, biu
din bng phng php hnh hc, biu din bng biu thc i s, biu din bng bng
Karnaugh (ba Can).
1. Phng php biu din bng bng trng thi:

phng php ny cc gi tr ca hm c trnh by trong mt bng. Nu
hm c n bin th bng c n + 1 ct (n ct cho bin v 1 ct cho hm) v 2n hng
tng ng vi 2n t hp ca bin. Bng ny thng gi l bng trng thi hay
bng chn l.
V d: mt hm 3 bin y = f ( x1 , x 2 , x 3 ) vi gi tr ca hm cho trc c biu
din thnh bng 1.6:
Bng 1.6
u im ca
phng php biu
din bng bng l
d nhn, t nhm
ln. Nhc im l
cng knh, c
bit khi s bin
ln.
TT t hp bin
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
x1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
x2
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
x3
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
y
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
2. Phng php biu din hnh hc

Vi phng php hnh hc hm n bin c biu din trong khng gian n
chiu, t hp bin c biu din thnh mt im trong khng gian. Phng
php ny rt phc tp khi s bin ln nn thng t dng.
3. Phng php biu din bng biu thc i s
Ngi ta chng minh c rng, mt hm logic n bin bt k bao gi cng
c th biu din thnh cc hm tng chun y v tch chun y .
Cch vit hm di dng tng chun y
- Hm tng chun y ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr

bng 1. S ln hm bng 1 s chnh l s tch ca cc t hp bin.
- Trong mi tch, cc bin c gi tr bng 1 c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c
gi tr bng 0 th c ly gi tr o; ngha l nu x i = 1 th trong biu thc
tch s c vit l x i , cn nu x i = 0 th trong biu thc tch c vit l
x i . Cc tch ny cn gi l cc mintec v k hiu l m.
- Hm tng chun y s l tng ca cc tch .
V d: Vi hm ba bin bng 1.6 trn ta c hm dng tng chun y l:
f = x1 .x 2 .x 3 + x 1 .x 2 .x 3 + x 1 .x 2 .x 3 + x 1 .x 2 .x 3 = m 0 + m 2 + m 3 + m 6
Gio Trnh PLC
Cch vit hm di dng tch chun y
- Hm tch chun y ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr

bng 0. S ln hm bng khng s chnh l s tng ca cc t hp bin.
- Trong mi tng cc bin c gi tr 0 c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c gi
tr 1 c ly o; ngha l nu x i = 0 th trong biu thc tng s c vit
l x i , cn nu x i = 1 th trong biu thc tng c vit bng x i . Cc tng
c bn cn c gi tn l cc Maxtec k hiu M.
- Hm tch chun u s l tch ca cc tng .
V d: Vi hm ba bin bng 1.6 trn ta c hm dng tch chun y l:
f = ( x1 + x 2 + x 3 )( x1 + x 2 + x 3 )( x1 + x 2 + x 3 )( x1 + x 2 + x 3 )
= M1 + M 4 + M 5 + M 7
4. Phng php biu din bng bng Karnaugh (ba can)

Nguyn tc xy dng bng Karnaugh l:
- biu din hm logic n bin cn thnh lp mt bng c 2n , mi tng
ng vi mt t hp bin. nh s th t cc trong bng tng ng vi th
t cc t hp bin.
- Cc cnh nhau hoc i xng nhau ch cho php khc nhau v gi tr ca
1 bin.
- Trong cc ghi gi tr ca hm tng ng vi gi tr t hp bin.
V d 1: bng Karnaugh cho hm ba bin bng 1.6 nh bng 1.7 sau:
x2, x3
x1
00
0
01
11
1
4
10
V d 2: bng Karnaugh cho hm bn bin nh bng 1.8 sau:

x1, x2
x3, x4
00
0
00
01
11
1
4
10
01
11
1
12
8
10
13
15
11
1
8
14
10
Gio Trnh PLC
1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic

Trong qu trnh phn tch v tng hp mch logic, ta phi quan tm n vn
ti thiu ho hm logic. Bi v, cng mt gi tr hm logic c th c nhiu
hm khc nhau, nhiu cch biu din khc nhau nhng ch tn ti mt cch biu
din gn nht, ti u v s bin v s s hng hay tha s c gi l dng ti
thiu. Vic ti thiu ho hm logic l a chng t mt dng bt k v dng ti
thiu. Ti thiu ho hm logic mang ngha kinh t v k thut ln, c bit khi
tng hp cc mch logic phc tp. Khi chn c mt s ti gin ta s c s
bin cng nh cc kt ni ti gin, gim c chi ph vt t cng nh gim ng
k xc sut hng hc do s phn t nhiu.
V d: Hai s hnh 1.3 u c chc
nng nh nhau, nhng s a s tip
im cn l 3, ng thi cn thm 1 rle
trung gian p, s b ch cn 2 tip im,
khng cn rle trung gian.
Thc cht vic ti thiu ho hm
logic l tm dng biu din i s n
gin nht ca hm v thng c hai
nhm phng php l:
x1
x2
x1 x 2
y
b,
a,
Hnh 1.3
- Phng php bin i i s

- Phng php dng thut ton.
1. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic bng bin i i s
phng php ny ta phi da vo cc tnh cht v cc h thc c bn ca
i s logic thc hin ti gin cc hm logic. Nhng do tnh trc quan ca
phng php nn nhiu khi kt qu a ra vn khng khng nh r c l
ti thiu hay cha. Nh vy, y khng phi l phng php cht ch cho qu
trnh ti thiu ho.
V d: cho hm
f = x1x 2 + x1x 2 + x1x 2

= ( x1x 2 + x1x 2 ) + ( x1x 2 + x1x 2 )
= x 2 ( x1 + x1 ) + x1 ( x 2 + x 2 ) = x1 + x 2
2. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic dng thut ton
Phng php dng bng Karnaugh
y l phng php thng dng v n gin nht, nhng ch tin hnh c

vi h c s bin n 6 . phng php ny cn quan st v x l trc tip trn
bng Karnaugh.
Qui tc ca phng php l: nu c 2n c gi tr 1 nm k nhau hp thnh
mt khi vung hay ch nht th c th thay 2n ny bng mt ln vi s
9
Gio Trnh PLC
lng bin gim i n ln. Nh vy, bn cht ca phng php l tm cc k

nhau cha gi tr 1 (cc c gi tr hm khng xc nh cng gn cho gi tr 1)
sao cho lp thnh hnh vung hay ch nht cng ln cng tt. Cc bin nm
trong khu vc ny b loi b l cc bin c gi tr bin i, cc bin c dng l
cc bin c gi tr khng bin i (ch l 0 hoc 1).
Qui tc ny p dng theo th t gim dn ln cc , sao cho cui cng
ton b cc cha gi tr 1 u c bao ph. Cng c th tin hnh ti thiu
theo gi tr 0 ca hm nu s lng ca n t hn nhiu so vi gi tr 1, lc by
gi hm l hm ph nh.
V d: Ti thiu hm
f = x.y.z + x.y.z + x.y.z + x.y.z + x.y.z + x.y.z = m 0 + m1 + m 3 + m 4 + m 5 + m 7

+ Lp bng Karnaugh c nh bng 1.9. Bng Karnaugh c 3 bin vi 6 mintec
c gi tr 1.
Bng 1.9
z
x, y
00
0
11
1
1
01
6
B
7
10
A
+ Tm nhm cc (hnh ch nht) cha cc c gi tr bng 1, ta c hai
nhm, nhm A v nhm B.
+ Loi bt cc bin cc nhm: Nhm A c bin z = 1 khng i vy n c
gi li cn hai bin x v y thay i theo tng ct do vy mintec mi A ch cn
bin z: A = z . Nhm B c bin x v z thay i, cn bin y khng i vy mintec
mi B ch cn bin y : B = y .
Kt qu ti thiu ho l: f = A + B = z + y
Phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey
y l phng php c tnh tng qut, cho php ti thiu ho mi hm logic

vi s lng bin vo ln.
a, Mt s nh ngha
+ nh: l mt tch cha y cc bin ca hm, nu hm c n bin th

nh l tch ca n bin.
nh khng xc nh l nh m ti hm c th ly mt trong hai gi tr
0 hoc 1.
10
Gio Trnh PLC
+ Tch cc tiu: l tch c s bin l cc tiu hm c gi tr bng 1 hoc

khng xc nh.
+ Tch quan trng: l tch cc tiu m gi tr hm ch duy nht bng 1 tch ny.
b, Ti thiu ho bng phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey
r phng php ta xt v d minh ho, ti thiu ho hm f ( x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 )

vi cc nh bng 1 l L = 2, 3, 7, 12, 14, 15 v cc nh c gi tr hm khng
xc nh l N = 6, 13. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
Bc 1: Tm cc tch cc tiu
Lp bng biu din cc gi tr hm bng 1 v cc gi tr khng xc nh ng

vi m nh phn ca cc bin theo th t s s 1 tng dn (bng 1.10a).
Xp thnh tng nhm theo s lng ch s 1 vi th t tng dn. (bng
1.10b ta c 4 nhm: nhm 1 c 1 s cha 1 ch s 1; nhm 2 gm 3 s
cha 2 ch s 1; nhm 3 gm 3 s cha 3 ch s 1, nhm 4 c 1 s cha 1
ch s 1).
So snh mi t hp th i vi t hp th i +1, nu hai t hp ch khc nhau
mt ct th kt hp 2 t hp thnh mt t hp mi, ng thi thay ct s
khc nhau ca 2 t hp c bng mt gch ngang (-) v nh du v vo hai
t hp c (bng 1.10c). V c s ton hc, y thu gn cc t hp ta
dng tnh cht:
xy + xy = x
C tip tc cng vic. T bng 1.10c ta chn ra cc t hp ch khc nhau 1
ch s 1 v c cng gch ngang (-) trong mt ct, ngha l c cng bin va
c gin c bng 1.10c, nh vy ta c bng 1.10d.
Bng 1.10
S thp C s 2
x1x2x3x4
phn
0010
0011
6*
12
7
13 *
14
15
0110
1100
0111
1101
1110
1111
S ch
s 1
S thp
phn
C s 2
0010v
Lin x1x2x3x4
kt
2,3
001-v
0011v
2,6
0-10v
6
12
7
13
14
15
0110v
1100v
0111v
1101v
1110v
1111v
3,7
6,7
6,14
12,13
12,14
7,15
13,15
14,15
0-11v
011-v
-110v
110-v
11-0v
-111v
11-1v
111-v
3
4
x1x2x3x4
11
Lin kt
x1x2x3x4
2,3,6,7
2,6,3,7
6,7,14,15
6,14,7,15
12,13,14,15
0-1-1111- -
Gio Trnh PLC
Cc t hp tm c bng 1.10d l t hp cui cng, cc t hp ny khng

cn kh nng kt hp na, y chnh l cc tch cc tiu ca hm cho. Theo
th t x1x 2 x 3 x 4 , ch c du (-) c lc b, cc tch cc tiu c vit nh
sau:
0-1- (ph cc nh 2,3,6,7) ng vi: x1x 3
-11- (ph cc nh 6,7,14,15) ng vi: x 2 x 3
11- - (ph cc nh 12,13,14,15) ng vi: x1x 2
Bc 2: Tm cc tch quan trng
Vic tm cc tch quan trng cng c tin hnh theo cc bc nh.
Gi Li l tp cc nh 1 ang xt bc nh th i, lc ny khng quan tm
n cc nh c gi tr khng xc nh na.
Zi l tp cc tch cc tiu ang bc nh th i.
Ei l tp cc tch quan trng bc nh th i.
Vi i = 0
L 0 = (2,3,7,12,14,15)
Z 0 = ( x1x 3 , x 2 x 3 , x1x 2 )
Xc nh cc tch quan trng E0 t tp L0 v Z0 nh sau:
+ Lp bng trong mi hng ng vi mt tch cc tiu thuc Z0, mi ct
ng vi mt nh thuc L0. nh du x vo cc trong bng ng vi tch cc
tiu bng 1.11 (tch x1x 3 ng vi cc nh 2,3,7; tch x 2 x 3 ng vi cc nh
7,14,15; tch x1x 2 ng vi cc nh 12,14,15 bng 1.10)
Bng 1.11
L0
Z0
x1x 3
(x)
(x)
x 2x3
12
14
15
x
(x)
x1x 2
Xt tng ct, ct no ch c mt du x th tch cc tiu (hng) ng vi n

l tch quan trng, ta i thnh du (x). Vy tp cc tch quan trng bc ny
l:
E 0 = ( x1 x 3 , x1 x 2 )
Vi i = 1
Tm L1 t L0 bng cch loi khi L0 cc nh 1 ca E0.
12
Gio Trnh PLC
Tm Z1 t Z0 bng cch loi khi Z0 cc tch trong E0 v cc tch nm

trong hng c chn t E0.
Khi tm c L1 v Z1, lm li nh bc i = 0 ta s tm c tch quan
trng E1.
Cng vic c tip tc cho n khi Lk = 0.
Trong v d ny v E 0 = ( x1x 3 , x1x 2 ) m cc nh 1 ca x1x 3 l 2,3,7; cc
nh 1 ca x1x 2 l 12,14,15 (b qua nh 6, 13 l cc nh khng xc nh); do
L1 = 0, qu trnh kt thc. Kt qu dng hm ti thiu chnh l tng ca cc
tch cc tiu. Vy hm cc tiu l:
f = x1x 3 + x1x 2
1.4. Cc h mch logic

Cc php ton v nh l ca i s Boole gip cho thao tc cc biu thc
logic. Trong k thut thc t l bng cch ni cng logic ca cc mch logic vi
nhau (theo kt cu ti gin nu c). thc hin mt bi ton iu khin
phc tp, s mch logic s ph thuc vo s lng u vo v cch gii quyt
bng loi mch logic no, s dng cc php ton hay nh l no. y l mt bi
ton ti u nhiu khi c khng ch mt li gii. Tu theo loi mch logic m vic
gii cc bi ton c nhng phng php khc nhau. V c bn cc mch logic
c chia lm hai loi:
+ Mch logic t hp
+ Mch logic trnh t
1. Mch logic t hp
Mch logic t hp l mch m u ra ti bt k thi im no ch ph thuc
t hp cc trng thi ca u vo thi im . Nh vy, mch khng c phn
t nh. Theo quan im iu khin th mch x
y1
1
Mch t
t hp l mch h, h khng c phn hi, x
y2
ngha l trng thi ng m ca cc phn t 2
hp
M
trong mch hon ton khng b nh hng M
xn
ym
ca trng thi tn hiu u ra.
S mch logic t hp nh hnh 1.4
Hnh 1.4
Vi mch logic t hp tn ti hai loi bi ton l bi ton phn tch v bi

ton tng hp.
+ Bi ton phn tch c nhim v l t mch t hp c, m t hot ng v
vit cc hm logic ca cc u ra theo cc bin u vo v nu cn c th xt ti
vic ti thiu ho mch.
+ Bi ton tng hp thc cht l thit k mch t hp. Nhim v chnh l thit k
c mch t hp tho mn yu cu k thut nhng mch phi ti gin. Bi ton
tng hp l bi ton phc tp, v ngoi cc yu cu v chc nng logic, vic tng
13
Gio Trnh PLC
hp mch cn ph thuc vo vic s dng cc phn t,

chng hn nh phn t l loi: rle - cng tc t, loi
phn t kh nn hay loi phn t l bn dn vi mch...
Vi mi loi phn t logic c s dng th ngoi nguyn
l chung v mch logic cn i hi phi b sung nhng
nguyn tc ring lc tng hp v thit k h thng.
x2
V d: v mch logic t hp nh hnh 1.5
x2
x1
x3
2. Mch logic trnh t
x3
y1
x1
y2
Hnh 1.5
Mch trnh t hay cn gi l mch dy

x
(sequential circuits) l mch trong trng 1
thi ca tn hiu ra khng nhng ph thuc xn
tn hiu vo m cn ph thuc c trnh t
tc ng ca tn hiu vo, ngha l c nh
cc trng thi. Nh vy, v mt thit b th
mch trnh t khng nhng ch c cc
phn t ng m m cn c c cc phn t
nh.
y1
y2
ym
Mch t
hp
Hnh 1.6
S nguyn l mch logic trnh t nh hnh 1.6

Xt mch logic trnh t nh hnh 1.7. Ta xt hot ng ca mch khi thay i
trng thi ng m ca x1 v x2. Biu hnh 1.7b m t hot ng ca mch,
trong biu cc nt m biu hin tn hiu c gi tr 1, cn nt mnh biu hin
tn hiu c gi tr 0.
x1
3 2
5 2 1
5 6
9 1
x1
x2
x2
y
x2
a,
b,
Hnh 1.7
T biu hnh 1.7b ta thy, trng thi z = 1 ch t c khi thao tc theo

trnh t x1 = 1 , tip theo x 2 = 1. Nu cho x 2 = 1 trc, sau cho x1 = 1 th c y
v z u khng th bng 1.
m t mch trnh t ta c th dng bng chuyn trng thi, dng hnh
trng thi Mealy, hnh trng thi Moore hoc dng phng php lu .
Trong phng php lu c dng trc quan hn. T lu thut ton ta d
dng chuyn sang dng hnh trng thi Mealy hoc hnh trng thi Moore.
v t c th thit k c mch trnh t.
Vi mch logic trnh t ta cng c bi ton phn tch v bi ton tng hp.
14
Gio Trnh PLC
1.5. Grafcet - m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip

1. Hot ng ca thit b cng nghip theo logic trnh t
Trong dy truyn sn xut cng nghip, cc thit b my mc thng hot
ng theo mt trnh t logic cht ch nhm m bo cht lng sn phm v an
ton cho ngi v thit b.
Mt qu trnh cng ngh no cng c th c ba hnh thc iu khin hot
ng sau:
+ iu khin hon ton t ng, lc ny ch cn s ch huy chung ca nhn
vin vn hnh h thng.
+ iu khin bn t ng, qu trnh lm vic c lin quan trc tip n cc
thao tc lin tc ca con ngi gia cc chui hot ng t ng.
+ iu khin bng tay, tt c hot ng ca h u do con ngi thao tc.
Trong qu trnh lm vic m bo an ton, tin cy v linh hot, h iu
khin cn c s chuyn i d dng t iu khiu bng tay sang t ng v
ngc li, v nh vy h iu khin mi p ng ng cc yu cu thc t.
Trong qu trnh lm vic s khng bnh thng trong hot ng ca dy
truyn c rt nhiu loi, khi thit k ta phi c gng m t chng mt cch y
nht. Trong s cc hot ng khng bnh thng ca chng trnh iu khin
mt dy truyn t ng, ngi ta thng phn bit ra cc loi sau:
+ H hng mt b phn trong cu trc iu khin. Lc ny cn phi x l
ring phn chng trnh c ch h hng, ng thi phi lu tm cho dy truyn
hot ng lc c h hng v sn sng chp nhn li iu khin khi h hng c
sa cha xong.
+ H hng trong cu trc trnh t iu khin.
+ H hng b phn chp hnh (nh h hng thit b chp hnh, h hng cm
bin, h hng cc b phn thao tc...)
Khi thit k h thng phi tnh n cc phng thc lm vic khc nhau
m bo an ton v x l kp thi cc h hng trong h thng, phi lun c
phng n can thip trc tip ca ngi vn hnh n vic dng my khn cp,
x l tc nghn vt liu v cc hin tng nguy him khc. Grafcel l cng c rt
hu ch thit k v thc hin y cc yu cu ca h t ng cho cc qu
trnh cng ngh k trn.
2. nh ngha Grafcet
Grafcet l t vit tt ca ting Php Graphe fonctionnel de commande tape
transition (chui chc nng iu khin giai on - chuyn tip), do hai c quan
AFCET (Lin hp Php v tin hc, kinh t v k thut) v ADEPA (t chc nh
nc v pht trin nn sn xut t ng ho) hp tc son tho thng 11/1982
c ng k t chc tiu chun ho Php. Nh vy, mng grafcet c tiu
15
Gio Trnh PLC
chun ho v c cng nhn l mt ngn ng thch hp cho vic m t hot

ng dy ca qu trnh t ng ho trong sn xut.
Mng grafcet l mt hnh chc nng cho php m t cc trng thi lm
vic ca h thng v biu din qu trnh iu khin vi cc trng thi v s
chuyn i t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc, l mt hnh nh hng
c xc nh bi cc phn t l: tp cc trng thi, tp cc iu kin chuyn
trng thi.
Mng grafcet m t thnh chui cc giai on trong chu trnh sn xut.
Mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh sn xut lun lun l mt hnh khp kn
t trng thi u n trng thi cui v t trng thi cui v trng thi u.
3. Mt s k hiu trong grafcet
- Mt trng thi (giai on) c biu din bng mt hnh vung c nh s
th t ch trng thi. Gn lin vi biu tng trng thi l mt hnh ch nht bn
cnh, trong hnh ch nht ny c ghi cc tc ng ca trng thi hnh 1.8a v
b. Mt trng thi c th tng ng vi mt hoc nhiu hnh ng ca qu trnh
sn xut.
- Trng thi khi ng c th hin bng 2 hnh vung lng vo nhau, th
t thng l 1 hnh 1.8c.
- Trng thi hot ng (tch cc) c thm du . trong hnh vung trng
thi hnh 1.8d.
Khi ng
ng c
a,
Hm ng
c
3.
b,
c,
d,
Hnh 1.8
- Vic chuyn tip t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc ch c th c thc
hin khi cc iu kin chuyn tip c tho mn. Chng hn, vic chuyn tip
gia cc trng thi 3 v 4 hnh 1.9a c thc hin khi tc ng ln bin b, cn
5
b
t/9/2s
6
a,
10
8
b,
c,
Hnh 1.9
16
d,
Gio Trnh PLC
chuyn tip gia trng thi 5 v 6 c thc hin sn tng ca bin c hnh
1.9b, hnh 1.9c l tc ng sn gim ca bin d. Chuyn tip gia trng thi
9 v 10 hnh 1.9d s xy ra sau 2s k t khi c tc ng cui cng ca trng thi
9 c thc hin.
- K hiu phn nhnh nh hnh 1.10. s phn nhnh li tn ti hai loi
l s r nhnh v s song song.
S r nhnh l phn s c hai iu kin lin h gia ba trng thi nh

hnh 1.10a v b.
S song song l s ch c mt iu kin lin h gia 3 trng thi nh
hnh 1.10c v d.
hnh 1.10a , khi trng thi 1 ang hot ng, nu chuyn tip t12 tho mn
th trng thi 2 hot ng; nu chuyn tip t13 tho mn th trng thi 3 hot
ng.
hnh 1.10b nu trng thi 7 ang hot ng v c t79 th trng thi 9 hot
ng, nu trng thi 8 ang hot ng v c t89 th trng thi 9 hot ng.
hnh 1.10c nu trng thi 1 ang hot ng v c t123 th trng thi 2 v 3
ng thi hot ng.
hnh 1.10d nu trng thi 7 v 8 ang cng hot ng v c t789 th trng
thi 9 hot ng.
1.
7.
t79
t13
t12
2
8.
t89
3
9
b,
a,
1.
7.
8.
t123
2
t789
3
9
d,
c,
Hnh 1.10
17
Gio Trnh PLC
- K hiu bc nhy nh hnh

1.11.
Hnh 1.11a biu din grafcet

cho php thc hin bc nhy, khi a
trng thi 2 ang hot ng nu c
iu kin a th qu trnh s chuyn
hot ng t trng thi 2 sang
trng thi 5 b qua cc trng thi
trung gian 3 v 4, nu iu kin a
khng c tho mn th qu trnh
chuyn tip theo trnh t 2, 3, 4, 5.
b
8
Hnh 1.11b khi trng thi 8

ang hot ng nu tho mn iu
kin f th qu trnh chuyn sang
trng thi 9, nu khng tho mn
iu kin 8 th qu trnh quay li
trng 7.
a,
b,
Hnh 1.11
4. Cch xy dng mng grafcet

xy dng mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh no th trc tin ta phi m
t mi hnh vi t ng bao gm cc giai on v cc iu kin chuyn tip, sau
la chn cc dn ng v cc cm bin ri m t chng bng cc k hiu, sau
kt ni chng li theo cch m t ca
B- B+ B
d
grafcet.
b0
V d: kp cht chi tit c v khoan trn
b1
mt l hnh 1.12 th trc tin ngi
iu khin n nt khi ng d khi
a1
R0
R
A+
ng chu trnh cng ngh t ng, qu
trnh bt u t giai on 1:
A
A0
c
+ Giai on 1: S1 pttng A chuyn
ng theo chiu A+ kp cht chi tit c.
Aa0
Khi lc kp t yu cu c xc nh
Hnh 1.12
bi cm bin p sut a1 th chuyn sang
giai on 2.
+ Giai on 2: S2 u khoan B i xung theo chiu B+ v mi khoan quay
theo chiu R, khi khoan su, xc nh bng nt b1 th kt thc giai on 2,
chuyn sang giai on 3.
+ Giai on 3: S3 mi khoan i ln theo chiu B- v ngng quay. Khi mi
khoan ln cao, xc nh bng b0 th khoan dng v chuyn sang giai on 4.
+ Giai on 4: S4 pttng A tr v theo chiu A- ni lng chi tit, v tr tr v
c xc nh bi a0, khi pttng ngng chuyn ng, kt thc mt chu k gia
cng.
18
Gio Trnh PLC

Ta c s grafcet nh hnh
1.13
2S0
5. Phn tch mng grafcet

c
5.1. Qui tc vt qua, chuyn tip
- Mt trng thi trc ch

chuyn tip sang trng
thi sau khi n ang hot
ng (tch cc) v c
iu kin chuyn tip.
- Khi qu trnh chuyn
tip sang trng thi sau th
giai on sau hot ng
(tch cc) v s kh b
hot ng ca trng thi
trc (giai on trc
ht tch cc).
S1
n nt khi ng
a1
S2
S4
chi tit c kp cht
R, B+ quay v mi khoan tin vo

b1
S3
giai on kp vt
A+
khoan thng
B-
li mi khoan
b0
rt mi khoan ra
A-
m kp
a0
m kp xong
Vi cc iu kin hot ng
Hnh 1.13
nh trn th c nhiu khi s
khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng tt. Ngi ta gi:
+ S khng hot ng c l s c
nhnh cht. (S c nhnh ch c th vn hot
ng nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht).
S0
+ S khng sch l s m ti mt v tr
no c pht lnh hai ln.
V d 1: S hnh 1.14 l s c nhnh cht.
S ny khng th lm vic c do S2 v S4
khng th cng tch cc v gi s h ang trng
thi ban u S0 nu c iu kin 3 th S0 ht tch
cc v chuyn sang S3 tch cc. Sau nu c
iu kin 4 th S3 ht tch cc v S4 tch cc. Nu
lc ny c iu kin 1 th S1 cng khng th tch
cc c v S0 ht tch cc. Do khng bao
gi S2 tch cc c na m S5 tch cc th
phi c S2 v S4 tch cc km iu kin 5 nh vy
h s nm im v tr S4.
Mun s trn lm vic c ta phi
chuyn mch r nhnh thnh mch song song.
1
S1
S3
2
S2
S4
5
S5
6
Hnh 1.14
V d 2: S hnh 1.15 l s khng sch. Mng ang trng thi ban u

nu c iu kin 1 th s chuyn trng thi cho c S1 v S3 tch cc. Nu c iu
kin 3 ri 4 th s chuyn cho S5 tch cc. Khi cha c iu kin 6 m li c iu
19
Gio Trnh PLC
S0
S0
1
3
1
S1
S3
2
S1
3
S2
S4
5
S3
4
S2
S4
5
4
S5
6
S5
Hnh 1.15
Hnh 1.16
kin 2 ri 5 trc th S5 li chuyn tch cc ln na. Tc l c hai ln lnh cho S5

tch cc, vy l s khng sch.
V d 3: S hnh 1.16 l s sch. s ny nu c S3 tch cc (iu
kin 3) th nu c iu kin 1 cng khng c ngha v S0 ht tch cc. Nh
vy, mch r sang nhnh 2, nu ln lt c cc iu kin 4 v 6 th S5 s tch
cc sau nu c iu kin 7 th h li tr v trng thi ban u.
5.2. Phn tch mng grafcet
Nh phn tch trn th nhiu khi mng grafcet khng hot ng c hoc
hot ng khng tt. Nhng i vi cc mng khng hot ng c hoc hot
ng khng tt vn c th lm vic c nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht.
Trong thc t sn xut mt h thng c th ang hot ng rt tt, nhng nu v
l do no m h thng phi thay i ch lm vic (do s c tng phn hoc
do thay i cng ngh...) th c th h thng s khng hot ng c nu l
nhnh cht.
Vi cch phn tch s nh trn th kh nh gi c cc mng c
phc tp ln. Do ta phi xt mt cch phn tch mng grafcet l dng phng
php gin im.
thnh lp gin im ta i theo cc bc sau:
+ V mt u tin cho gin im, ghi s 0. Xut pht t giai on u
trn grafcet c coi l ang tch cc, giai on ny ang c du ., khi c mt
iu kin c thc hin, s c cc giai on mi c tch cc th:
- nh du . vo cc giai on va c tch cc trn grafcet.
- Xo du . giai on ht tch cc trn grafcet.
20
Gio Trnh PLC
- To mt mi trn gin im sau iu kin va thc hin.

- Ghi ht cc giai on tch cc ca h (c du .) vo mi va to.
+ T cc thnh lp khi mt iu kin no li c thc hin th cc

giai on tch cc li c chuyn i, ta li lp li bn bc nh trn.
+ Qu trnh c nh vy tip tc, ta c th v hon thin c gin im
(s to thnh mch lin tc, sau khi kt thc li tr v im xut pht) hoc
khng v hon thin c. Nhn vo gin im ta s c cc kt lun sau:
- Nu trong qu trnh v n giai on no khng th v tip c na
(khng hon thin s ) th s l s c nhnh cht, v d 2.
- Nu v c ht m v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l s
khng sch v d 3.
- Nu v c ht v khng c v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l
s lm vic tt, s sch v d 1.
V d 1: V gin im cho s sch hnh 1.17a.
S0
0
1
S1
S3
2
S2
1,3
4
1,4
2,3
S4
2,4
5
5
6
S5
6
b,
a,
Hnh 1.17
thi im u h ang giai on S0 (c du .), khi iu kin 1 c

thc hin th c S1 v S3 cng chuyn sang tch cc, nh du . vo S1 v S3,
xo du . S0. Vy, sau iu kin 1 ta to mi v trong ny ta ghi hai trng
thi tch cc l 1,3. Nu cc iu kin khc khng din ra th mch vn trng
thi 1 v 3.
21
Gio Trnh PLC
Khi h ang 1,3 nu iu kin 4 c thc hin th giai on 4 tch cc

(thm du .), giai on 3 ht tch cc (mt du .). Vy sau iu kin 4 to
mi (ni vi 1,3), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 1,4.
Khi h ang 1,4 hoc 2,3 nu c iu kin 5 th qu trnh vn khng
chuyn tip v chuyn giai on 5 phi c S2 v S4 cng tch cc kt hp iu
kin 5.
(thm du .), giai on 2 v 4 ht tch cc (mt du .). Vy sau iu kin 5
to mi (ni vi 2,4), ny ghi trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 5.
Khi h ang 5 nu iu kin 6 c thc hin th giai on 0 tch cc (thm
du .), giai on 5 ht tch cc (mt du .), h tr v trng thi ban u.
T gin im ta thy khng c no c 2 im lm vic cng tn v v
c c s , vy l s sch.
V d 2: V gin im cho s c nhnh cht hnh 1.14
Gin im nh
hnh 1.18. Trong trng
hp ny ta khng th v
tip c na v S5
tch cc phi c c S2 v
S4 cng tch cc cng
iu kin 5. Nhng
khng c no c 2,4.
V d 3: V gin
im cho s khng
sch hnh 1.5
S0
4
4
2
Hnh 1.18
Cch tin hnh v gin im nh trn, gin

im nh hnh 1.19. T gin im ta thy
c nhiu im c 2 im lm vic trng nhau
(cng tn), vy l s khng sch. gin
im hnh 1.19 c th tip tc v gin s m
rng.
22
S1
S3
2
S2
S4
5
S5
6
Hnh 1.14
Gio Trnh PLC
S0
1
0
S1
1
2
5
6
2
133
0,3
3
134
3,5
2,3
3 5
4,5
3 6
0,4
4 6
0,5
1,3
2,4
3
1,4
3 2
S3
3
S2
S4
5
4 2
4 5
2,5
6 2
5,5
6 5
6 6
1,5
2,0
6
1,0
S5
1
113
6
Hnh 1.15
123
5,0
0,0
Hnh 1.19
Ch : h thng lm vic tt th trong mng grafcet mt phn mch np

bt buc phi c:
+ Khi m ra l song song th kt thc phi l song song.
+ Khi m ra l r nhnh th kt thc phi l r nhnh.
23
Gio Trnh PLC
Chng 2: Mt s ng dng mch logic trong iu khin

2.1. Cc thit b iu khin
1. Cc nguyn tc iu khin
Qu trnh lm vic ca ng c in truyn ng mt my sn xut
thng gm cc giai on: khi ng, lm vic v iu chnh tc , dng v c
th c c giai on o chiu. Ta xt ng c l mt thit b ng lc, qu trnh
lm vic v c bit l qu trnh khi ng, hm thng c dng in ln, t
thn ng c in va l thit b chp hnh nhng cng va l i tng iu
khin phc tp. V nguyn l khng ch truyn ng in, khi ng v hm
ng c vi dng in c hn ch trong gii hn cho php, ta thng dng ba
nguyn tc khng ch t ng sau:
- Nguyn tc thi gian: Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da theo
nguyn tc thi gian, ngha l sau nhng khong thi gian xc nh s c tn hiu
iu khin thay i tc ng c. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c bn
y l rle thi gian.
- Nguyn tc tc : Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da vo
nguyn l xc nh tc tc thi ca ng c. Phn t cm bin v khng ch
c bn y l rle tc .
- Nguyn tc dng in: Ta bit tc ng c do mmen ng c xc
nh, m mmen li ph thuc vo dng in chy qua ng c, do vy c th
o dng in khng ch qu trnh thay i tc ng c in. Phn t cm
bin v khng ch c bn y l rle dng in.
Mi nguyn tc iu khin u c u nhc im ring, ty tng trng hp

c th m chn cc phng php cho ph hp.
2. Cc thit b iu khin
iu khin s lm vic ca cc thit b cn phi c cc thit b iu khin.
ng ct khng thng xuyn ta thng dng ptmt. Trong ptmt h
thng tip im c b phn dp h quang v cc b phn t ng ct mch
bo v qu ti v ngn mch. B phn ct mch in bng tc ng in t theo
kiu dng in cc i. Khi dng in vt qu tr s cho php chng s ct
mch in bo v ngn mch, ngoi ra cn c rle nhit bo v qu ti.
Phn t c bn ca rle nhit l bn lng kim gm hai ming kim loi c
dn n nhit khc nhau dn li vi nhau. Khi bn lng kim b t nng (thng
l bng dng in cn bo v) s b bin dng (cong), bin dng ti ngng
th s tc ng vo cc b phn khc ct mch in.
Cc rle in t, cng tc t tc dng nh lc ht in t. Cu to ca rle
in t thng gm cc b phn chnh sau: cun ht; mch t tnh lm bng vt
liu st t; phn ng cn gi l phn ng v h thng cc tip im.
24
Gio Trnh PLC
Mch t ca rle c dng in mt chiu chy qua lm bng thp khi, cn

mch t ca rle xoay chiu lm bng l thp k thut in. chng rung v
lc ht ca nam chm in c dng xung trn mt cc ngi ta t vng ngn
mch. Sc in ng cm ng trong vng ngn mch s to ra dng in v lm
cho t thng qua vng ngn mch lch pha vi t thng chnh, nh lc ht
phn ng khng b gin on, cc tip im lun c tip xc tt.
Tu theo nguyn l tc ng ngi ta ch to nhiu loi thit b iu khin
khc nhau nh rle dng in, rle in p, rle thi gian....
H thng tip im c cu to khc nhau v thng m bc hay thic m
bo tip xc tt. Cc thit b ng ct mch ng lc c dng in ln, h thng
tip im chnh c b phn dp h quang, ngoi ra cn c cc tip im ph
ng ct cho mch iu khin. Tu theo trng thi tip im ngi ta chia ra cc
loi tip im khc nhau. Mt s k hiu thng gp nh bng 2.1.
TT
Tn gi
1
Tip im cu dao, my ct, ptmt
Thng m
Thng ng
2
Tip im cng tct, khi ng t, rle
Thng m
Thng m khi m c thi gian
Thng m khi ng c thi gian
Thng ng
Thng ng khi m c thi gian
Thng ng khi ng c thi gian
3
Tip im c b phn dp h quang
4
Tip im c b phn tr li v tr ban u bng

tay
5
6
Nt n thng m
Nt n thng ng
Cun dy rle, cng tc t, khi ng t
Phn t nhit ca rle nhit
K hiu
2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc

Tu theo cng sut v yu cu cng ngh m ng c khng ng b rto
lng sc c th c ni trc tip vo li in, dng i ni sao-tam gic, qua
in khng, qua bin p t ngu, ngy nay thng dng cc b khi ng mm
khi ng ng c.
1. Mch khng ch n gin
Vi ng c cng sut nh ta c th ng trc tip vo li in. Nu ng
c ch quay theo mt chiu th mch ng ct c th dng cu dao, ptmt vi
25
Gio Trnh PLC
thit b ng ct ny c nhc im l khi ang lm vic nu mt in, th khi c

in tr li ng c th t khi ng. trnh iu ta dng khi ng t n
ng ct cho ng c.
Xt s ng ct c o chiu dng khi ng t kp nh hnh 2.1.
A
B
C
KT N5
KN T
5
RN2
RN1 RN2
T4
CD
T1 T2 T3
N1 N2 N3
N4
RN1
C
Hnh 2.1
Cu dao trn mch ng lc l cu dao cch ly (cu dao ny ch yu ng

ct khng ti, cch ly khi sa cha).
Cc tip im T1, T2, T3 ng ng c chy thun, cc tip im N1, N2,
N3 ng ng c chy ngc (o th t hai trong ba pha li in).
Cc tip im T5 v N5 l cc kho lin ng v in khng ch cc ch
chy thun v ngc khng th cng ng thi, nu ang chy thun th T5
m, N khng th c in, nu ang chy ngc th N5 m, T khng th c in.
Ngoi cc lin ng v in khi ng t kp cn c lin ng c kh, khi
cun T ht th ly c kh kho khng cho cun N ht na khi cun N ht
th ly c kh kho khng cho cun T ht na.
Trong mch dng hai rle nhit RN1 v RN2 bo v qu ti cho ng c,
khi ng c qu ti th rle nhit tc ng lm cc tip im ca n bn mch
iu khin m, cc cun ht mt in ct in ng c.
khi ng ng c chy thun (hoc ngc) ta n nt KT (hoc KN),
cun ht T c in, ng cc tip im T1... T3 cp in cho ng c chy theo
chiu thun, tip im T4 ng li t duy tr.
dng ng c ta n nt dng D, cc cun ht mt in, ct in ng c,
ng c t dng.
o chiu ng c trc ht ta phi n nt dng D, cc cun ht mt in
mi n nt o chiu.
26
Gio Trnh PLC
2. Mch khng ch o chiu c gim st tc .

Xt s khng ch ng c lng sc quay theo hai chiu v c hm ngc.
Hm ngc l hm xy ra lc ng c cn ang quay theo chiu ny (do qun
tnh), nhng ta li ng in cho ng c quay theo chiu ngc li m khng
ch cho ng c dng hn ri mi ng in cho ng c o chiu. Hm ngc
c kh nng hm nhanh v c th to mmen hm ln (do s dng c hai ngun
nng lng l ng nng v in nng to thnh nng lng hm), tuy vy dng
in hm s ln v trong ng dng c th phi lu hn ch dng in hm ny.
S hnh 2.2 thc hin nhim v . Trong s c thm rle trung gian P.
Hai rle tc (gn vi ng c), rle tc thun c tip im KT v rle tc
ngc c tip im KN, cc rle ny khi tc cao th cc tip im rle kn,
tc thp th tip im rle h.
A
B
C
D
P1
CD
P2
KT2
N5
KN2
T1 T2 T3
N1 N2 N3
RN1 RN2
T4
KN3
KT3
RN2
KN1
KT1
RN1
N4
T5
KT
P3
KN
Hnh 2.2
Khi khi ng chy thun ta n nt khi ng thun KT, tip im KT1

h, KT3 h ngn khng cho cun ht N v P c in, tip im KT2 kn cp
in cho cun ht T, cc tip im T1... T3 kn cp in cho ng c chy thun,
Tip im T4 kn t duy tr, tip im T5 h cm cun N c in.
Khi ang chy thun cn chy ngc ta n nt khi ng ngc KN, tip
im KN1 h khng cho P c in, tip im KN2 h ct in cun ht T lm
mt in ch chy thun, tip im KN3 kn cp in cho cun ht N cp
in cho ch chy ngc v tip im N4 kn t duy tr.
Nu mun dng ta n nt dng D, cp in cho cun ht P, cun ht P ng
tip im P1 t duy tr, h P2 ct ng ngun ang cp cho cun ht T hoc
N, nhng lp tc P3 kn cun ht N hoc T li c cp in, nu khi trc ng
c ang chy thun (cun T lm vic) tc ang ln th KT kn, cun N c
27
Gio Trnh PLC
cp in ng in cho ch chy ngc lm ng c dng nhanh, khi tc

gim thp th KT m ct in cun ht N, ng c dng hn.
Khi cc rle nhit tc ng th ng c dng t do.
3. Khng ch ng c lng sc kiu i ni / c o chiu
Vi mt s ng c khi lm vic nh mc ni th khi khi ng c th
ni hnh sao lm in p t vo dy cun gim 3 do dng in khi ng
gim. S hnh 2.3 cho php thc hin i ni / c o chiu.
D
KT1
KN1
T4
A B C
KN2
KT2
T1
N5
N1
N4
S1
T6
N6
T5
Tg1
Tg2
5
S5
N
S
Tg
Hnh 2.3
Trong s c khi ng t T ng cho ch chy thun, khi ng t N

ng cho ch chy ngc, khi ng t S ng in cho ch khi ng
hnh sao, khi ng t ng in cho ch chy tam gic. Rle thi gian Tg
duy tr thi gian, c hai tip im Tg1 l tip im thng kn m chm thi
gian t1 , Tg2 l tip im thng m ng chm thi gian t 2 vi t1 > t 2 .
Khi cn khi ng thun ta n nt khi ng thun KT, tip im KT2
ngn khng cho cun N c in, tip im KT1 kn ng in cho cun thun
T, ng cc tip im T1...T3 a in p thun vo ng c, T4 t duy tr, T5
ngn khng cho N c in, T6 cp in cho rle thi gian Tg, ng thi cp in
ngay cho cun ht S, ng ng c khi ng kiu ni sao, tip im S5 m cha
cho cun . Khi Tg c in th sau thi gian ngn t 2 th Tg2 ng chun b cp
in cho cun ht . Sau khong thi gian duy tr t 1 th tip im Tg1 m ra
cun ht S mt in ct ch khi ng sao ca ng c, tip im S5 kn cp
in cho cun ht , a ng c vo lm vic ch ni tam gic v t duy
tr bng tip im 4.
28
Gio Trnh PLC
Khi cn o chiu (nu ang chy thun) ta n nt khi ng ngc KN, T

mt in lm T6 m qu trnh li khi ng theo ch ni sao nh trn vi
cun ht N, cc tip im N1 ... N3 i th t hai trong ba pha (i pha A v B
cho nhau) lm chiu quay i chiu.
Khi mun dng ta n nt dng D, ng c dng t do.
2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun
Cc bin php khi ng v thay i tc nh ng c rto lng sc cng
c th p dng cho ng c rto dy qun. Nhng nh vy khng tn dng c
u im ca ng c rto dy qun l kh nng thay i dng khi ng cng
nh thay i tc bng cch thay i in tr ph mc vo mch rto. Do
vi ng c rto dy qun gim dng khi khi ng cng nh thay i tc
ng c ngi ta dng phng php thay i in tr ph mc vo mch rto.
1. Khi ng ng c rto dy qun theo nguyn tc thi gian
Cch ny thng dng cho h thng c cng sut trung bnh v ln. S
khng ch nh hnh 2.4.
D
K1 K2 K3
RN2
RN2 RN1
RN1
2K3
K5
C
1Tg
2K1
1T
1K
2K2
1K3
R1
1K1
K4
1K2
2Tg
R2
2T
2K
2K4
Hnh 2.4
Trong s c 2 rle nhit RN1 v RN2 bo v qu ti cho ng c, hai

rle thi gian 1Tg v 2Tg vi hai tip im thng m ng chm duy tr thi
gian loi in tr ph mch rto.
khi ng ta n nt khi ng K cp in cho cun ht K cc tip im
K1, K2, K3 ng cp in cho ng c, ng c khi ng vi hai cp in tr
ph, tip im K4 t duy tr, tip im K5 cp in cho cc rle thi gian.
Sau khong thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m ng chm 1Tg ng li
cp in cho 1K loi in tr ph R2 ra khi mch rto, tip im 1K3 ng
cp in cho rle thi gian 2Tg. Sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m
ng chm 2Tg ng li cp in cho 2K loi nt in tr R1 khi mch khi
29
Gio Trnh PLC
ng, ng c lm vic trn c tnh c t nhin. Tip im 2K4 t duy tr,

2K5 ct in cc rle thi gian.
Khi mun dng n nt dng D, ng c c ct khi li v dng t do.
2. Thay i tc ng c rto dy qun bng thay i in tr ph
Trong cng nghip c nhiu my sn xut dng truyn ng ng c rto
dy qun iu chnh tc nh cu trc, my cn.... v y thng dng
thm khu hm ng nng dng my. Hm ng nng l cch hm s dng
ng nng ca ng c ang quay to thnh nng lng hm. Vi ng c
rto dy qun, mun hm ng nng th khi ct in phi ni cc cun dy
xtato vo in p mt chiu to thnh t thng kch thch cho ng c to
mmen hm. S nguyn l ca h thng nh hnh 2.5.
+
A B
KC
1S1
H1 H2
2S
K4
3S
K5
RN2
RN2 RN1
K5
1S
3S1
RN1
5
2S1
C
2K2
2K1
1K1
KC
3
2
1 0 1
c,
3S
10
1K
12
2S
3S
1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
9-10
11-12
1 2 3
2S
3S
2K
1Tg
r2
a,
3
2
11
1K2
2S
1K
r1
2Tg
1Tg
2Tg
b,
Hnh 2.5
ng c rto dy qun c th quay theo hai chiu, theo chiu thun nu 1S,
2S ng v theo chiu ngc nu 1S, 3S ng. Cng tc t H ng ngun mt
chiu lc hm ng nng, cng tc t 1K, 2K ct in tr ph trong mch
rto lm thay i tc ng c khi lm vic. Khi hm ng nng ton b in
tr ph r1 v r2 c a vo mch rto hn ch dng in hm, cn in tr
ph R trong mch mt chiu t gi tr m men hm.
Trong h thng c b khng ch ch huy kiu chuyn mch c kh KC. B
KC c nguyn l cu to l mt tr trn c kh, c th quay hai chiu, trn trc
30
Gio Trnh PLC
c gn cc tip im ng v kt hp vi cc tip im tnh to thnh cc cp

tip im c ng ct tu thuc vo v tr quay ca tr. th ng m tip
im ca b khng ch KC c th hin trn hnh 2.5c. V d v tr 0 ca b
khng ch ch c tip im 1-2 ng, tt c cc v tr cn li ca cc tip im
u ct hoc cp tip im 9-10 s ng cc v tr 2, 3 bn tri v 2, 3 bn
phi.
Hot ng ca b khng ch nh sau: Khi ng in cp ngun cho h
thng. Ban u b khng ch c t v tr 0 cng tc t K c in, cc tip
im K mch khng ch ng li, chun b cho h thng lm vic. Nu mun
ng c quay theo chiu thun th ta quay b KC v pha tri, nu mun ng c
quay ngc th ta quay b KC v pha phi. Gi thit ta quay b KC v v tr 2
pha tri, lc ny cc tip im 3-4, 5-6, 9-10 ca b KC kn, cc cun dy cng
tc t 1S, 2S, 1K v cc rle thi gian 1Tg, 2Tg c in, cc tip im 1S, 2S
mch ng lc ng li, cun dy xtato c ng vo ngun 3 pha, tip im
1K trong mch rto ng li ct phn in tr ph r2 ra, ng c c khi ng
v lm vic vi in tr ph r1 trong mch rto, tip im 1Tg m ra, 2Tg ng
li chun b cho qu trnh hm ng nng khi dng. Nu mun dng ng c th
quay b KC v v tr 0, cc cng tc t 1S, 2S, 1K v cc rle thi gian 1Tg, 2Tg
mt in, ng c c ct khi ngun in 3 pha vi ton b in tr r1, r2 c
a vo rto, ng thi tip im thng kn ng chm 1Tg ng li (ng
chm mt thi gian ngn m bo h c ct khi li in), tip im
thng m m chm 2Tg cha m ( t 2 > t 1 ) cng tc t H c in tip im
H1, H2 ng li cp ngun mt chiu cho xtato ng c v ng c c hm
ng nng. Sau thi gian chnh nh t 2 tip im thng m m chm m ra
tng ng vi tc ng c nh, cun dy H mt in, ngun mt chiu
c ct khi cun dy xtato, kt thc qu trnh hm ng nng. Trong thc t,
ngi ta yu cu ngi vn hnh khi quay b khng ch KC qua mi v tr phi
dng li mt thi gian ngn h thng lm vic an ton c v mt in v c.
2.4. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu
Vi ng c in mt chiu khi khi ng cn thit phi gim dng khi
ng. gim dng khi khi ng c th a thm in tr ph vo mch phn
ng. Ngy nay nh k thut in t v tin hc pht trin ngi ta ch to cc
b bin i mt chiu bng bn dn cng sut ln lm ngun trc tip cho ng
c v iu khin cc b bin i ny bng mch s logic kh trnh. Cc b bin
i ny ni trc tip vo ng c, vic khng ch khi ng, hm v iu chnh
tc u thc hin bng cc mch s kh trnh rt thun tin v linh hot. Tuy
nhin, mt s mch n gin vn c th dng s cc mch logic nh hnh 2.6
khi ng ng c ta n nt khi ng K lc cng tc t K c in,
cc tip im thng m K1 ng li cp in cho ng c vi 2 in tr ph,
K2 ng li t duy tr, K3 ng li, K4 m ra lm rle thi gian 3Tg mt in,
sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng ng ng chm 3Tg1 ng li lm
cng tc t 1K c in, ng tip im 1K1 loi in tr ph r2 khi mch ng
c v lm rle thi gian 2Tg mt in, sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng
31
Gio Trnh PLC

+
2K1
C
H1
Rh
r1
1K1
r2
K2
K1
RN
RN
K3
2Tg
1Tg
3Tg1
a,
1K2
1K
2Tg1
K4
3Tg
1Tg1
b,
2K
Hnh 2.6
ng ng chm 2Tg1 ng li cp in cho cng tc t 2K ng tip im 2K2

loi r1 ra khi mch ng lc qu trnh khi ng kt thc.
dng ng c ta n nt dng D lc cng tc t K mt in, tip im
K1 mch ng lc m ra ct phn ng ng c khi ngun in. ng thi tip
im K2, K3 m ra lm rle thi gian 1Tg mt in bt u tnh thi gian hm,
K4 ng li lm cng tc t H c in ng tip im H1 a in tr hm Rh
vo thc hin qu trnh hm. Sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m
m chm 1Tg1 m ra, cng tc t H mt in kt thc qu trnh hm, h thng
khng ch v mch ng lc tr v trng thi ban u chun b cho ln khi
ng sau.
32
Gio Trnh PLC

Phn 2: iu khin logic c lp trnh (PLC)
Chng 3: l lun chung v iu khin logic lp trnh PLC

3.1. M u
S pht trin ca k thut iu khin t ng hin i v cng ngh iu
khin logic kh trnh da trn c s pht trin ca tin hc m c th l s pht
trin ca k thut my tnh.
K thut iu khin logic kh trnh PLC (Programmable Logic Control) c
pht trin t nhng nm 1968 -1970. Trong gia on u cc thit b kh trnh
yu cu ngi s dng phi c k thut in t, phi c trnh cao. Ngy nay
cc thit b PLC pht trin mnh m v c mc ph cp cao.
Thit b iu khin logic lp trnh c PLC l dng thit b iu khin c
bit da trn b vi x l, s dng b nh lp trnh c lu tr cc lnh v
thc hin cc chc nng, chng hn, cho php tnh logic, lp chui, nh gi,
m, v cc thut ton iu khin my v cc qu trnh cng ngh. PLC c
thit k cho cc k s, khng yu cu cao kin thc v my tnh v ngn ng
my tnh, c th vn hnh. Chng c thit k cho khng ch cc nh lp trnh
my tnh mi c th ci t hoc thay i chng trnh. V vy, cc nh thit k
PLC phi lp trnh sn sao cho chng trnh iu khin c th nhp bng cch s
dng ngn ng n gin (ngn ng iu khin). Thut ng logic c s dng v
vic lp trnh ch yu lin quan n cc hot ng logic v d nu c cc iu
kin A v B th C lm vic... Ngi vn hnh nhp chng trnh (chui lnh) vo
b nh PLC. Thit b iu khin PLC s gim st cc tn hiu vo v cc tn hiu
ra theo chng trnh ny v thc hin cc quy tc iu khin c lp trnh.
Cc PLC tng t my tnh, nhng my tnh c ti u ho cho cc tc v
tnh ton v hin th, cn PLC c chuyn bit cho cc tc v iu khin v mi
trng cng nghip. V vy cc PLC:
+ c thit k bn chu c rung ng, nhit, m v ting n.
+ C sn giao din cho cc thit b vo ra.
+ c lp trnh d dng vi ngn ng iu khin d hiu, ch yu gii
quyt cc php ton logic v chuyn mch.
V c bn chc nng ca b iu khin logic PLC cng ging nh chc nng
ca b iu khin thit k trn c s cc rle cng tc t hoc trn c s cc khi
in t l:
+ Thu thp cc tn hiu vo v cc tn hiu phn hi t cc cm bin.
+ Lin kt, ghp ni cc tn hiu theo yu cu iu khin v thc hin
ng m cc mch ph hp vi cng ngh.
+ Tnh ton v son tho cc lnh iu khin trn c s so snh cc thng
tin thu thp c.
+ Phn pht cc lnh iu khin n cc a ch thch hp.
33
Gio Trnh PLC
Ring i vi my cng c v ngi my cng nghip th b PLC c th lin

kt vi b iu khin s NC hoc CNC hnh thnh b iu khin thch nghi.
Trong h thng trung tm gia cng, mi quy trnh cng ngh u c b PLC
iu khin tp trung.
3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC
1. Cu hnh phn cng
H thng PLC
thng dng c nm
b phn c bn
gm: b x l, b
nh, b ngun, giao
din vo/ra v thit
b lp trnh. S h
thng nh hnh 3.1
1.1. B x l
Thit b
lp trnh
B nh
Giao din
vo
B x l
Giao din
ra
B x l cn gi
l b x l trung
Ngun
tm (CPU), l linh
cung cp
kin cha b vi x
l. B x l bin
Hnh 3.1
dch cc tn hiu vo
v thc hin cc hot ng iu khin theo chng trnh c lu trong b nh
ca CPU, truyn cc quyt nh di dng tn hiu hot ng n cc thit b ra.
Nguyn l lm vic ca b x l tin hnh theo tng bc tun t, u tin
cc thng tin lu tr trong b nh chng trnh c gi ln tun t v c
kim sot bi b m chng trnh. B x l lin kt cc tn hiu v a kt qu
ra u ra. Chu k thi gian ny gi l thi gian qut (scan). Thi gian vng qut
ph thuc vo tm vc ca b nh, vo tc ca CPU. Ni chung chu k mt
vng qut nh hnh 3.2
4. Chuyn d liu t b m
o ra TB ngoi vi
1. Nhp d liu t TB
ngoi vi vo b m
3. Truyn thng v kim tra li
2. Thc hin chng trnh
Hnh 3.2
S thao tc tun t ca chng trnh dn n mt thi gian tr trong khi b
m ca chng trnh i qua mt chu trnh y , sau bt u li t u.
nh gi thi gian tr ngi ta o thi gian qut ca mt chng trnh di
1Kbyte v coi l ch tiu so snh cc PLC. Vi nhiu loi thit b thi gian
tr ny c th ti 20ms hoc hn. Nu thi gian tr gy tr ngi cho qu trnh
34
Gio Trnh PLC
iu khin th phi dng cc bin php c bit, chng hn nh lp li nhng ln

gi quan trng trong thi gian mt ln qut, hoc l iu khin cc thng tin
chuyn giao b bt i nhng ln gi t quan trng khi thi gian qut di ti
mc khng th chp nhn c. Nu cc gii php trn khng tho mn th phi
dng PLC c thi gian qut ngn hn.
1.2. B ngun
B ngun c nhim v chuyn i in p AC thnh in p thp cho b vi

x l (thng l 5V) v cho cc mch in trong cc module cn li (thng l
24V).
1.3. Thit b lp trnh
Thit b lp trnh c s dng lp cc chng trnh iu khin cn thit

sau c chuyn cho PLC. Thit b lp trnh c th l thit b lp trnh chuyn
dng, c th l thit b lp trnh cm tay gn nh, c th l phn mm c ci
t trn my tnh c nhn.
1.4. B nh
B nh l ni lu gi chng trnh s dng cho cc hot ng iu khin.

Cc dng b nh c th l RAM, ROM, EPROM. Ngi ta lun ch to ngun
d phng cho RAM duy tr chng trnh trong trng hp mt in ngun,
thi gian duy tr tu thuc vo tng PLC c th. B nh cng c th c ch to
thnh module cho php d dng thch nghi vi cc chc nng iu khin c kch
c khc nhau, khi cn m rng c th cm thm.
1.5. Giao din vo/ra
Giao din vo l ni b x l nhn thng tin t cc thit b ngoi vi v truyn

thng tin n cc thit b bn ngoi. Tn hiu vo c th t cc cng tc, cc b
cm bin nhit , cc t bo quang in.... Tn hiu ra c th cung cp cho cc
cun dy cng tc t, cc rle, cc van in t, cc ng c nh... Tn hiu
vo/ra c th l tn hiu ri rc, tn hiu lin tc, tn hiu logic... Cc tn hiu
Nt bm v
cc cng tc
logic gii hn
B chuyn mch,
cng tc hnh
trnh, gii hn
Cc tham s iu
khin nh t0 p
sut, p lc
B PLC
Cc cun ht
Cc n
Hnh 3.3
35
Cc van
Cc tn hiu
bo ng ...
Gio Trnh PLC
vo/ra c th th hin nh hnh 3.3.

Mi im vo ra c mt a ch duy nht c PLC s dng.
Cc knh vo/ra c cc chc nng cch ly v iu ho tn hiu sao cho cc
b cm bin v cc b tc ng c th ni trc tip vi chng m khng cn
thm mch in khc.
PLC
Tn hiu vo thng c Tn hiu

ghp cch in (cch ly) nh
vo
linh kin quang nh hnh 3.4.
Di tn hiu nhn vo cho cc
PLC c ln c th l 5v, 24v,
110v, 220v. Cc PLC c nh
thng ch nhp tn hiu 24v.
Ghp ni quang
Tn hiu
n CPU
Diode
bo v
Mch
phn p
Tn hiu ra cng c
Hnh 3.4
ghp cch ly, c th cch ly
kiu rle nh hnh 3.5a, cch ly kiu quang nh hnh 3.5b. Tn hiu ra c th l
tn hiu chuyn mch 24v, 100mA; 110v, 1A mt chiu; thm ch 240v, 1A xoay
chiu tu loi PLC. Tuy nhin, vi PLC c ln di tn hiu ra c th thay i
bng cch la chn cc module ra thch hp.
Rle
Cu ch
Tn hiu
ra
Ghp ni quang
PLC
PLC
a,
Tn hiu
ra
b,
Hnh 3.5
2. Cu to chung ca PLC
Cc PLC c hai kiu cu to c bn l: kiu hp n v kiu modulle ni
ghp.
cp ni vi bn ngoi
Kiu hp n thng dng

cho cc PLC c nh v c
oooooooooooo
cung cp di dng nguyn
chic hon chnh gm b ngun,
b x l, b nh v cc giao
oooooooooooo
din vo/ra. Kiu hp n
Hnh 3.6
thng vn c kh nng ghp
ni c vi cc module ngoi
m rng kh nng ca PLC. Kiu hp n nh hnh 3.6.
Chn cm vo
Chn cm ra
Kiu module gm cc module ring cho mi chc nng nh module ngun,

module x l trung tm, module ghp ni, module vo/ra, module m, module
36
Gio Trnh PLC
PID... cc module c lp trn cc rnh

v c kt ni vi nhau. Kiu cu to
ny c th c s dng cho cc thit b
iu khin lp trnh vi mi kch c, c
nhiu b chc nng khc nhau c gp
vo cc module ring bit. Vic s dng
cc module tu thuc cng dng c th.
Kt cu ny kh linh hot, cho php m B ngun
B x l Cc module vo/ra...
rng s lng u ni vo/ra bng cch
b sung cc module vo/ra hoc tng
Hnh 3.7
cng b nh bng cch tng thm cc
n v nh.
3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh
1. Khi nim chung
Mt PLC c th s dng mt cch kinh t hay khng ph thuc rt ln vo
thit b lp trnh. Khi trang b mt b PLC th ng thi phi trang b mt thit b
lp trnh ca cng mt hng ch to. Tuy nhin, ngy nay ngi ta c th lp
trnh bng phn mm trn my tnh sau chuyn sang PLC bng mch ghp
ni ring.
S khc nhau chnh gia b iu khin kh trnh PLC v cng ngh rle hoc
bn dn l ch k thut nhp chng trnh vo b iu khin nh th no.
Trong iu khin rle, b iu khin c chuyn i mt cch c hc nh u
ni dy iu khin cng. Cn vi PLC th vic lp trnh c thc hin thng
qua mt thit b lp trnh v mt ngoi vi chng trnh. C th ch ra qui trnh lp
trnh theo gin hnh 3.8.
Biu chc nng
Biu thi gian
Cn b k thut
Biu cng tc
T iu khin
Biu bn dn
PLC
B nh
My vi tnh
Biu dy
B lp trnh
Hnh 3.8
lp trnh ngi ta c th s dng mt trong cc m hnh sau y:

+ M hnh dy
37
Gio Trnh PLC
+ M hnh cc chc nng

+ M hnh biu ni dy
+ M hnh logic
Vic la chn m hnh no trong cc m hnh trn cho thch hp l tu thuc
vo loi PLC v iu quan trng l chn c loi PLC no cho php giao lu
tin li v trnh c chi ph khng cn thit. a s cc thit b lu hnh trn th
trng hin nay l dng m hnh dy hoc biu ni dy. Nhng PLC hin i
cho php ngi dng chuyn t mt phng php nhp ny sang mt phng
php nhp khc ngay trong qu trnh nhp.
Trong thc t khi s dng biu ni dy th vic lp trnh c v n gin
hn v n c cch th hin gn ging nh mch rle cng tc t. Tuy nhin, vi
nhng ngi c sn nhng hiu bit c bn v ngn ng lp trnh th li cho
rng dng m hnh dy d dng hn, ng thi vi cc mch c ln th dng m
hnh dy c nhiu u im hn.
Mi nh ch to u c nhng thit k v phng thc thao tc thit b lp
trnh ring, v th khi c mt loi PLC mi th phi c thi gian v cn phi c
hun luyn lm quen vi n.
2. Cc phng php lp trnh
T cc cch m t h t ng cc nh ch to PLC son tho ra cc
phng php lp trnh khc nhau. Cc phng php lp trnh u c thit k
n gin, gn vi cc cch m t c bit n. T ni chung c ba
phng php lp trnh c bn l phng php bng lnh STL, phng php biu
bc thang LAD v phng php lu iu khin CSF. Trong , hai phng
php bng lnh STL v biu bc thang LAD c dng ph bin hn c.
2.1. Mt s k hiu chung
4
Cu trc lnh:
Mt lnh thng c ba phn chnh v thng vit
nh hnh 3.9 (c loi PLC c cch vit hi khc):
004
1
A
2
00.2
3
1. a ch tng i ca lnh (thng khi lp trnh

Hnh 3.9
thit b lp trnh t a ra)
2. Phn lnh l ni dung thao tc m PLC phi tc ng ln i tng ca lnh,
trong lp trnh LAD th phn ny t th hin trn thanh LAD, khng c
ghi ra.
3. i tng lnh, l phn m lnh tc ng theo yu cu iu khin, trong i
tng lnh li c hai phn:
4. Loi i tng, c trng hp sau loi i tng c du :, loi i tng
nh tn hiu vo, tn hiu ra, c (rle ni)...
5. Tham s ca i tng lnh xc nh c th i tng, cch ghi tham s
cng ph thuc tng loi PLC khc nhau.
38
Gio Trnh PLC
K hiu thng c trong mi lnh:

Cc k hiu trong lnh, qui c cch vit vi mi quc gia c khc nhau,
thm ch mi hng, mi thi ch to ca hng c th c cc k hiu ring. Tuy
nhin, cch ghi chung nht cho mt s quc gia l:
M: + K hiu u vo l I (In), u ra l Q (out trnh nhm O l khng)

+ Cc lnh vit gn ting Anh v d ra l out
+ Lnh ra (gn) l out
+ Tham s ca lnh dng c s 10
+ Pha trc i tng lnh c du %
+ Gia cc s ca tham s khng c du chm.
V d: AND% I09; out%Q10.
Nht: + u vo k hiu l X, u ra k hiu l Y

+ Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting anh
+ Lnh ra (gn) l out
V d: A X 10;
out Y 07
Ty c + u vo k hiu l I, u ra k hiu l Q
+ Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting Anh
+ Lnh ra (gn) l =
+ Tham s ca lnh dng c s 8
+ Gia cc s ca tham s c du chm phn bit khe v knh
V d: A I 1.0;
= Q 0.7
Ngoi cc k hiu kh chung nh trn th mi hng cn c cc k hiu ring,

c b lnh ring. Ngay cng mt hng cc thi ch to khc nhau cng c c
im khc nhau vi b lnh khc nhau. Do , khi s dng PLC th mi loi
PLC ta phi tm hiu c th hng dn s dng ca n.
Mt s k hiu khc nhau vi cc lnh c bn c th hin r trn bng 3.1
2.2. Phng php hnh thang LAD (Ladder Logic)
Phng php hnh thang c dng ca biu nt bm. Cc phn t c bn

ca phng php hnh thang l:
+ Tip im:
thng m
Thng kn
39
Gio Trnh PLC

Bng 3.1
IEC
1131-3
Misubishi
OMRON
Siemens Telemecanique
Spreher
Ch thch
LD
LD
LD
STR
Khi u vi tip
im thng m
LDN
LDI
LD NOT
AN
LN
STR NOT
Khi u vi tip
im thng kn
AND
AND
AND
AND
Phn t ni tip c
tip im m
ANDN
ANI
AND
NOT
AN
AN
AND NOT
Phn t ni tip c
tip im ng
OR
OR
OR
Phn t song song

c tip im m
ORN
ORI
OR NOT
ON
ON
OR NOT
Phn t song song

c tip im ng
ST
OUT
OUT
OUT
v Schuh
Ly tn hiu ra
+ Cun dy (m t cc rle)
+ Hp (m t cc hm khc nhau, cc lnh c bit)
Mng LAD l ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon chnh, theo th t
t tri sang phi, t trn xung di. Qu trnh qut ca PLC cng theo th t
ny. Mi mt nc thang xc nh mt s hot ng ca qu trnh iu khin.
Mt s LAD c nhiu nc thang. Trn mi phn t ca biu hnh thang
LAD c cc tham s xc nh tu thuc vo k hiu ca tng hng sn xut
PLC.
V d: mt nc ca phng php hnh thang nh hnh 3.10
X400
X401
a,
X402
y430
I0.0
I0.2
Q3.0
I:001/01
I:011/01
O:010/01
I:002/01
I0.1
c,
b,
Hnh 3.10: phng php lp trnh thang LAD
Hnh 3.10a l kiu k hiu ca Misubishi (Nht)

Hnh 3.10b l kiu k hiu ca Siemens (Ty c)
Hnh 3.10c l k hiu ca Allen Bradley
2.3. Phng php lit k lnh STL (Statement List)
Phng php STL gn vi biu logic. phng php ny cc lnh c

lit k th t. Tuy nhin, phn bit cc on chng trnh ngi ta thng
dng cc m nh, mi m nh tng ng vi mt nc thang ca biu hnh
40
Gio Trnh PLC
thang. khi u mi on (tng ng nh khi u mt nc thang) ta s dng

cc lnh khi u nh LD, L, A, O... (bng 3.1). Kt thc mi on thng l
lnh gn cho u ra, u ra c th l u ra cho thit b ngoi vi c th l u ra
cho cc rle ni.
V d:
Mt on STL ca PLC S5 (Siemens)

0
I 0.0
I 0.1
Q 1.0
I 0.0
Q 1.0
I 0.1
Hnh 3.11
Mt on STL ca PLC S7-200 (Siemens)

0
LD
I 0.1
I 0.2
Q 1.0
I 0.1
Q 1.0
I 0.2
Hnh 3.12
Mt on STL ca PLC MELSEC F1 (Nht)

0
LD
X 400
X 403
ANI X 404
OUT Y 433
X400
Y433
X404
X403
Hnh 3.13
Mt on STL ca CPM1A (OMRON)

0
LD
000.01
OR
010.00
AND NOT 000.00
AND
000.03
OUT
010.00
000.01 000.00 000.03
010.00
010.00
Hnh 3.14
2.4. Phng php lu iu khin CSF (Control System Flow)
Phng php lu iu khin

CSF trnh by cc php ton logic vi
cc k hiu ho c tiu chun
ho nh hnh 3.15. Phng php lu
iu khin thch hp vi ngi quen
vi php tnh iu khin bng i s
Booole.
I0.0
I0.1
&
Q0.0
Hnh 3.15: Phng php biu din CSF
3. Cc rle ni
Trong cc loi PLC c nhiu thut ng dng ch cc linh kin loi ny, v
d: rle ph, b vch du, c hiu, lu tr bt, bit nh... y l linh kin cung
41
Gio Trnh PLC
cp cc chc nng c bit gn lin vi PLC v c dng ph bit trong lp

trnh. Rle ni ny tng t nh cc rle trung gian trong s rle cng tc t.
Rle ni cng c coi l cc u ra nhn cc lnh gn u ra, nhng thc
cht u ra ny khng a ra ngoi (khng phi thit b ngoi vi) m ch nm ni
ti trong PLC. PLC nh c th c ti hng trm rle ni, cc rle ni u c
nui bng ngun d phng khi mt in.
Mt s k hiu cc rle ni:
Hng
Tn gi
Misubishi
Rle ph hoc b nh du
Siemens
C hiu
Sprecher v Schuh Cun dy
Telemecanique
Bit
Toshiba
Rle ni
Bradley
Lu tr bit
V d: s dng rle ni (ca Misibishi)
0
LD
1
OR
2
ANI
3
OUT
4
LD
5
AND
6
OUT
4. Cc rle thi gian
X
X
X
M
M
X
Y
400
403
404
100
100
401
433
K hiu
M
F
C
B
R
B
X400
V d
M100; M101
F0.0; F0.1
C001; C002
B0; B1
R000; R001
B3/001; B3/002
X404
M100
X401
Y433
X403
M100
Hnh 3.16
Trong cc h thng iu khin lun lun phi s dng rle thi gian duy
tr thi gian cho qu trnh iu khin. Trong cc PLC ngi ta cng gn cc rle
thi gian vo trong . Tuy nhin, thi gian y c xc nh nh ng h
trong CPU. Cc rle thi gian cng c cc tn gi khc nhau nhng thng gi
nht l b thi gian (Time).
Cc nh sn xut PLC khng thng nht v cch lp trnh cho cc rle thi
gian ny. Mi loi PLC (thm ch trong cng hng) cng c cc k hiu v cch
lp trnh rt khc nhau cho rle thi gian. S lng rle thi gian trong mi PLC
cng rt khc nhau.
im chung nht i vi cc rle thi gian l cc hng u coi rle thi gian
l cc u ra ni, do rle thi gian l u ra ca nc thang, hay ca mt on
chng trnh.
5. Cc b m
B m cho php m tn sut xut hin tn hiu vo. B m c th c
dng trong trng hp m cc sn phm di chuyn trn bng chuyn v s sn
phm xc nh cn chuyn vo thng. B m c th m s vng quay ca trc,
hoc s ngi i qua ca. Cc b m ny c ci t sn trong PLC.
42
Gio Trnh PLC
C hai loi b m l b m tin v b m li. Cc nh sn xut PLC cng

s dng cc b m theo nhng cch c khc nhau. Tuy nhin, cng nh cc b
thi gian, b m cng c coi l u ra ca PLC v y cng l u ra ni,
xut tn hiu ra ngoi phi qua u ra ngoi vi (c chn ni ra ngoi PLC).
3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC
Trc y, b PLC thng rt t, kh nng hot ng b hn ch v qui
trnh lp trnh phc tp. V nhng l do m PLC ch c dng trong nhng
nh my v cc thit b c bit. Ngy nay do gim gi lin tc, km theo tng
kh nng ca PLC dn n kt qu l ngy cng c p dng rng ri cho cc
thit b my mc. Cc b PLC n khi vi 24 knh u vo v 16 knh u ra
thch hp vi cc my tiu chun n, cc trang thit b lin hp. Cn cc b
PLC vi nhiu kh nng ng dng v la chn c dng cho nhng nhim v
phc tp hn.
C th k ra cc u im ca PLC nh sau:
+ Chun b vo hot ng nhanh: Thit k kiu module cho php thch nghi
nhanh vi mi chc nng iu khin. Khi c lp ghp th PLC sn sng lm
vic ngay. Ngoi ra n cn c s dng li cho cc ng dng khc d dng.
+ tin cy cao: Cc linh kin in t c tui th di hn cc thit b cin. tin cy ca PLC ngy cng tng, bo dng nh k thng khng cn
thit cn vi mch rle cng tc t th vic bo dng nh k l cn thit.
+ D dng thay i chng trnh: Nhng thay i chng trnh c tin
hnh n gin. sa i h thng iu khin v cc quy tc iu khin ang
c s dng, ngi vn hnh ch cn nhp tp lnh khc, gn nh khng cn
mc ni li dy (tuy nhin, c th vn phi ni li nu cn thit). Nh h
thng rt linh hot v hiu qu.
+ nh gi nhu cu n gin: Khi bit cc u vo v cc u ra th c th
nh gi c kch c yu cu ca b nh hay di chng trnh. Do , c th
d dng v nhanh chng la chn PLC ph hp vi cc yu cu cng ngh t ra.
+ Kh nng ti to: Nu dng nhiu PLC vi qui cch k thut ging nhau
th chi ph lao ng s gim thp hn nhiu so vi b iu khin rle. l do
gim phn ln lao ng lp rp.
+ Tit kim khng gian: PLC i hi t khng gian hn so vi b iu khin
rle tng ng.
Gi c
+ C tnh cht nhiu chc nng: PLC c u

im chnh l c th s dng cng mt thit b
iu khin c bn cho nhiu h thng iu khin.
Ngi ta thng dng PLC cho cc qu trnh t
ng linh hot v d dng thun tin trong tnh
ton, so snh cc gi tr tng quan, thay i
chng trnh v thay i cc thng s.
H rle
H PLC
S lng vo/ra
Hnh 3.17
43
Gio Trnh PLC
+ V gi tr kinh t: Khi xt v gi tr kinh t ca PLC ta phi cp n s

lng u ra v u vo. Quan h v gi thnh vi s lng u vo/ra c dng
nh hnh 3.17. Nh vy, nu s lng u vo/ra qu t th h rle t ra kinh t
hn, nhng khi s lng u vo/ra tng ln th h PLC kinh t hn hn.
Khi tnh n gi c ca PLC th khng th khng k n gi ca cc b phn
ph khng th thiu nh thit b lp trnh, my in, bng ghi... c vic o to
nhn vin k thut. Ni chung nhng phn mm thit k lp trnh cho cc
mc ch c bit l kh t. Ngy nay nhiu hng ch to PLC cung cp
chn b ng gi phn mm c th nghim, nhng vic thay th, sa i
cc phn mm l nhu cu khng th trnh khi, do , vn cn thit phi c k
nng phn mm.
Phn b gi c cho vic lp t mt PLC thng nh sau:
- 50% cho phn cng ca PLC

- 10% cho thit k khun kh chng trnh
- 20% cho son tho v lp trnh
- 15% cho chy th nghim
- 5% cho ti liu.
Vic lp t mt PLC tip theo ch bng khong 1/2 gi thnh ca b u
tin, ngha l hu nh ch cn chi ph phn cng.
C th so snh h iu khin rle v h iu khin PLC nh sau:
H rle:
+ Nhiu b phn c chun ho

+ t nhy cm vi nhiu
+ Kinh t vi cc h thng nh
H PLC
Thi gian lp t lu
Thay i kh khn
Kh theo di v kim tra cc h thng ln, phc tp
Cn bo qun thng xuyn
Kch thc ln
+ Thay i d dng qua cng ngh phch cm

+ Lp t n gin
+ Thay i nhanh qui trnh iu khin
+ Kch thc nh
+ C th ni vi mng my tnh
- Gi thnh cao
B thit b lp trnh thng t, s dng t.
44
Gio Trnh PLC
Chng 4: B iu khin PLC - CPM1A

4.1. Cu hnh cng
1. Cu to ca h PLC - CPM1A.
PLC - CPM1A thuc h OMRON do Nht bn sn xut. y l loi PLC
n khi c th lp ghp thm cc module v lp ghp nhiu PLC vi nhau. n
v c bn ca PLC CPM1A nh hnh 4.1
6
IN
0CH 00 01 02
03 04
PWR
RUN
ERR
COMM
ALM
OUT
10CH 00
01 02
03 04
05
06
07 08
09 10
11
omron
SYSMAC
CPM1A
05
06
07
Hnh 4.1: Hnh khi mt trc PLC CPM1A
Trong :
1. Cc n bo h thng:
+ n PWR (xanh): bo ngun.
+ n RUN (xanh): PLC ang ch chy hoc kim tra, (n tt th
PLC ang ch lp trnh hoc c li).
+ n ERR/ALM (): + sng: C li, PLC khng hot ng.
+ Nhp nhy, hoc tt: PLC ang hot ng.
+ COMM (da cam): D liu ang c truyn ti cng ngoi vi.
2. Cng ghp ni vi my tnh hoc thit b lp trnh (c np y).
3. Cc n ch th v a ch ra, (sng nu c tn hiu ra).
4. Chn ni cho u ra (c np y).
5. Cc n ch th v a ch vo, (sng nu c tn hiu vo).
6. Chn ni cho u vo (c np y).
45
Gio Trnh PLC
2. Cc thng s k thut
2.1. Cc loi CPM1A
Trong h CPM1A c cc PLC sau:

M hiu
Ngun cung cp
S u vo
S u ra
Tng s I/O
CPM1A-10CDR-A
CPM1A-10CDR-D
CPM1A-20CDR-A
CPM1A-20CDR-D
CPM1A-30CDR-A
CPM1A-30CDR-D
CPM1A-40CDR-A
CPM1A-40CDR-D
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
AD
AC
DC
10
12
20
18
12
30
24
16
40
2.2. Thng s chung
Mc
10-u I/O
20-u I/O
in p
cung cp
Kiu AC
Kiu DC
100 n 240v AC, 50/60 Hz

24v DC
Phm vi
in p
Kiu AC
Kiu DC
85 n 264 v AC
20,4 n 26,4v DC
Tiu th
in
Kiu AC
max 30 VA
30-u I/O
40-u I/O
max 60 VA
Kiu DC
max 6 W
Dng in
max 30 A
Ngun cp ra
p
24 VDC
(ch c kiu AC) Dng 200 mA
max 20 W
max 60 A
300 mA
20 M min. (ti 500v DC) gia cc AC v cc tip a.

147m/s2 (20G) ba ln mi chiu X, Y v Z
Nhit lm vic: 0 n 55C0
Nhit bo qun:-20 n 75C0
m mi trng
10% to 90% (with no condensation)
Mi trng lm vic
Khng lm vic trong mi trng kh t
Thi gian cho gin on Kiu AC: min 10ms; Kiu DC: min 2ms.
ngun
(Thi gian gin on tnh khi ngun nh hn 85% nh
mc)
Trng lng Kiu AC Max 400 g
Max 500 g Max 600 g
Max 700 g
CPU
Kiu DC Max 300 g
Max 400 g Max 500 g
Max 600 g
in tr cch ly
bn xung lc
Nhit mi trng
46
Gio Trnh PLC
2.3. Cc c trng
Mc
di lnh
Kiu lnh
Thi gian thc hin
Dung lng chng
trnh
vo
Ch CPU
ra
cc
C module
i
m rng
Vo dng bit
Ra dng bit
T bit (vng IR )
Bit c bit (vng SR)
Bit tm thi (vng
TR)
Bit gi (vng HR)
Bit b tr (Vng AR)
Bit lin kt (vng LR)
Timers/Counters
10-u I/O
20-u I/O
30-u I/O
40-u I/O
T 1 n 5 t cho 1 lnh
Lnh c bn: 14; lnh c bit: 77 kiu, tng 135 lnh
Lnh c bn: 0.72 n 16.2 s
Lnh c bit: 12.375 s (lnh MOV)
2,048 t (Words)
6 input
4 output
-----
12 input
8 output
------
18 input
24 input1
12 output
16 output
54 input
60 input
36 output
40 output
00000 n 00915 (Words 0 n 9)
01000 n 01915 (Words 10 to 19)
512 bits: IR20000 to 23115 (words IR 200 to IR 231)
384 bits: SR 23200 to 25515 (words SR 232 to IR 255)
8 bits (TR0 to TR7)
320 bits: HR 0000 to HR 1915 (words HR 00 to HR 19)

256 bits:AR 0000 to AR 1515 (words AR 00 to AR 15)
256 bits: LR 0000 to LR 1515 (words LR 00 to LR 15)
128 Timers/counters (TIM/CNT 000 to TIM/CNT 127)
100-ms Timers: TIM 000 to TIM 127
10-ms Timers: TIM 00 to TIM 127
Nh d liu
Read/Write:1,024 words (DM 0000 to DM 1023 )
Read-only: 512 words (DM 6144 to DM 6655)
X l ngt
2 im (thi gian 4 im (thi gian phn ng: Max: 0.3
phn ng: Max ms)
0.3 ms.)
Bo v b nh
HR, AR, S liu trong vng nh ni dung v s m c
bo v khi ngun b gin on.
Sao lu b nh
T in d phng: s liu nh (c/vit), bit gi, bt nh b
tr, b m (20 ngy trong iu kin nhit 250C)
Chc nng t chun CPU b hng, I/O li ng dn, li b nh.
on
Chng trnh kim tra Khng c lnh kt thc, li ca chng trnh (lin tc kim
tra trong thi gian lm vic)
B m tc cao
1 b: 5 kHz 1 pha, hoc 2.5 kHz 2 pha
Kiu tng dn: 0 n 65, 535 (16 bits)
Kiu tng/gim: -32,767 n 32,767 (16 bits)
Nhp hng s thi C th t 1 ms, 2 ms, 4 ms, 8 ms, 16 ms, 32 ms, 64 ms,
gian
hoc 128 ms
t tn hiu Analog
2 ng (0 to 200 BCD)
47
Gio Trnh PLC
2.4. Cu trc vng nh
D liu
IR
Vo
Ra
lm
vic
Bit
Chc nng
IR 000 n IR 009
(10 words)
IR 010 n IR 019
(10 words)
Ir 200 n IR 231
(32 words)
SR 232 n SR
255 (24 words)
IR 00000 n IR
00915 (160 bits)
IR 01000 n IR
01915 (160 bits)
Ir 20000 n IR to
23115 (512 bits)
SR 23200 n
25515 (384 bits)
Cc bit ny c th lm vic
vng vo ra m rng
Cc t bit ny c th s dng
tu trong chng trnh
SR
Nhng bit ny phc v cho
chc nng c bit nh c v
bit iu khin.
TR
--TR 0 n TR 7
Bit ny c s dng trng
(8 bits)
thi ng m trong chng
trnh phn nhnh
HR
HR 00 n HR 19 HR 0000 n HR Nhng bt ny lu gi trng
(20 words)
1915 (320 bits)
thi ng m khi mt ngun
ngoi.
Ar
AR 00 n HR 15 AR 0000 n HR Nhng bit ny phc v cho
(16 words)
1515 (256 bits)
chc nng c bit nh c v
bit iu khin.
LR
LR 00 n LR 15 LR 00000 n LR S dng kt ni 1:2 vi PC
(16 words)
1515 (256 bits)
khc.
Timer/
TC 000 n TC 127 (timer/counter)
S ging nhau s dng cho
couter
c time v couter.
DM c DM 0000 DM --DM l d liu ch truy cp
/vit 0999
dng t. Cc d liu dng t
c ct gi khi mt ngun.
DM 1022 DM
1023
(1,002
words)
Ghi DM 1000 n DM --S dng ghi thi gian s
li
1021 (22 words)
c v li xut hin. T y c
th c/ghi khi li xut hin.
Ch DM 6144 n DM --Khng th ghi ln chng
c 6599 (456 words)
trnh
Ci Dm 6600 n DM --S dng n nhiu vng tham
t
6655 (%6 words)
s iu khin lm vic ca
PC
PC
Ch : 1. Bit IR v LR khi cha s dng cho cc chc nng chnh th c th s dng
nh bit lm vic.
2. Ni dung ca vng HR, LR, Counter, v vng c/ghi DM c th c lu
gi bng t in nhit 250C, vi thi gian 20 ngy.
3. Khi truy nhp cc s PV, TC th d liu dng t; khi truy cp vo c th d
liu dng bit.
4. D liu trong DM 6144 n DM 6655 khng th ghi t chng trnh
nhng c th thay i t thit b ngoi Peripheral Device.
48
Gio Trnh PLC
2.5. Cc vo ra - cc bit vng IR cho vo ra m rng
Bng sau cho bit cc bit vng IR dng cho module vo ra m rng ca CPM1A v
cc loi module m rng.
S vo/ra
ca CPU
im ni CPU
(a ch)
Vo
Ra
6 im: 4 im:
00000 01000
00005
01003
12 im: 8 im:
00000 01000
00011
01007
18 im: 12 im:
00000 01000
00011
01007
00100 01100
00105
01103
10
20
im ni vng m
rng (a ch)
Vo
Ra
-----
---
40
S module
AC
DC
CPM1A_10CDR-A
CPM1A_10CDR-D
AC
DC
CPM1A_20CDR-A
CPM1A_20CDR-D
24 im: AC
01200
01207
DC
01300
01307
01400 AC
01407
CPM1A_30CDR-A
---
36 im:
00200
00211
00300
00311
20 im: 16 im: 00400
00411
00000 01000
00011
01007
00100 01100
00111
01107
30
Ngun
CPM1A_30CDR-D
CPM1A_40CDR-A
DC
CPM1A_40CDR-D
4.2. Ghp ni
PLC CPM1A c th ghp ni vi 32 b PLC cng loi thnh h thng.
lp trnh cho PLC th c th ghp ni n vi thit b lp trnh cm tay, b lp
trnh chuyn dng hoc my tnh tng thch.
1. Kt ni vi thit b lp trnh cm tay: Ta ni trc tip cp ca thit b cm tay
vo PLC nh hnh 4.2
PLC CPM1A
PRO27
OMRON
IN
Run Monitor
Program
FUN
AND
LD
OR
CNT
OUT TIM
0CH
SFT NOT
9
6
3
CLR
SHIFT
TR
*EM
AR
EM
CH
CONT
EXT
CHG
SRCH
SET
DEL
MONTR
RESET
INS
VER WRITE
00
01
PWR
ERR
RUN
COMM
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09 10
SYSMAC
CPM1A
OUT
10CH 00 01
02
03
04
05 06
Thit b lp trnh cm tay

Hnh 4.2: Ghp ni PLC vi thit b lp trnh cm tay
49
11
omron
ALM
07
Gio Trnh PLC
2. Kt ni vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng hoc my tnh tng thch

Khi ghp ni vi my tnh tng thch ta dng cp ni chun RS-232C v b
phi hp RS-232 (hoc RS-422) hoc cp chuyn i loi CQM1-CIF02 khi
ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng nh hnh 4.3. PLC c ghp ni vi
cng ni tip (COM) ca my tnh.
My tnh tng thch
B phi hp RS-232C
PLC - CPM1a
RS-232C Cable
IN
0CH
CQM1-CIF02
00
01
PWR
ERR
RUN
COMM
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09 10
11
omron
ALM
SYSMAC
CPM1A
OUT
10CH
00 01
02
03
04
05 06
07
Thit b lp trnh chuyn dng OMRON

Hnh 4.3: Ghp ni vi lp trnh chuyn dng hoc PC
3. Kt ni nhiu PLC v my tnh

PLC - CPM1A
My tnh tng thch

IN
0CH
00
01
PWR
ERR
RUN
COMM
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09 10
11
omron
ALM
SYSMAC
CPM1A
OUT
Cp ni RS-232
10CH 00 01
02
03
04
05 06
07
Cp ni RS-422
PLC - CPM1A
B phi hp kt ni
B500 - AL004
IN
0CH
00
01
PWR
ERR
RUN
COMM
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09 10
SYSMAC
CPM1A
OUT
10CH
B phi hp RS-232
Hnh 4.4: Ghp ni nhiu PLC
50
00 01
11
omron
ALM
02
03
04
05 06
07
Gio Trnh PLC
C th ghp thnh h thng nh ni cc PLC - CPM1A vi nhau, s PLC CPM1A c th ghp ti a l 32, h thng ny c th ni vi my tnh tng
thch. S nh hnh 4.4. Chiu di ln nht cho php ca cp RS-422 l 500m.
4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh
1. Cu trc chng trnh PLC CPM1A.
Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC CPM1A c th c vit dng n
khi hoc a khi.
Chng trnh n khi
c vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng
khi OB1. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng
n quay tr li lnh u tin.
thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo
khi kia. Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi
sang lm vic vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v
thc hin tip chng trnh tm dng khi c.
2. Bng lnh ca PLC - PCM1A
Xem phn Bng lnh
3. Lp trnh cc lnh logic c bn ca PLC - PCM1A
Vi PLC ny c:
12 u vo vi a ch xc nh t 000.00 n 000.11
8 u ra vi a ch xc nh t 010.00 n 010.07
Khi lp trnh phn mm lp trnh t hiu cc a ch trn, khng cn a

khi nim phn bit vo/ra. Nu a thm khi nim vo/ra (X/Y) my s
khng chp nhn.
Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc END chng trnh mi chy.
3.1. Lnh AND
Lp trnh dng LAD (c th lp trnh dng STL v kim tra li dng LAD).
LD
000.00
AND 000.03
000.00 000.03 000.04
AND 000.04
OUT 010.00
END (01)
+ Xem li chng trnh t

biu tng (phn ph lc 1)
Hnh 4.5: Lnh AND
51
010.00
Gio Trnh PLC
+ Chn trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi PROGRAM (STOP/PRG)

nh Shift + F10 hoc biu tng PLC Mode. chng trnh sang PLC t
biu tng hoc t ng dn (nh ph lc 1).
+ Chn trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi RUN nh Shift + F10 hoc
biu tng PLC Mode chy chng trnh.
Quan st cc kt qu.
3.2. Lnh AND NOT
LD
010.00
000.03 000.00 000.04
Dng STL
000.03
AND NOT 000.00
END (01)
AND 000.04
Hnh 4.6: Lnh AND NOT
OUT 010.01
000.03
END
010.02
3.3. Lnh OR: Dng STL
LD
000.03
OR
000.04
OR
000.05
000.04
000.05
OUT 010.02
END
END
Hnh 4.7: Lnh OR
3. 4. Lnh OR NOT
Dng STL
LD
000.03
00.03
OR NOT
OR
010.02
00.04
000.04
000.05
000.05
OUT 010.02
END
END
3. 5. Lnh OR gia hai lnh AND
Hnh 4.8: Lnh OR NOT
Dng STL.
LD 000.03
AND 000.04
LD 000.05
AND 000.06
OR LD
OUT 010.00
END
000.03
000.04
000.05
000.06
010.00
END
Hnh 4.9: Lnh OR v AND
52
Gio Trnh PLC
3. 6. Lnh thi gian tr
000.03
Dng STL
LD
000.03
TIM 000
LD
Time
TIM
000
#010
#010
0010 bcd
TIM000
TIM000
010.00
OUT 010.00
END
END (01)
End
Ch : + Trong lnh (TIM 000 #010) lot s

Hnh 4.10: Lnh thi gian
u ch s hiu ca rle thi gian (rle
thi gian s 0), lot s th hai ch thi gian t (10s).
+ Khi u vo 000.03 c gi tr 1 th b thi gian bt u tnh thi gian,
khi 10s th b thi gian cho gi tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr 1.
3.7. B m
LD
000.03
LD
000.00
CNT 000
LD
000.03
CNT
000.00
#005
Counter
001
#005
CNT000
0005 bcd
OUT 010.00
CNT001
010.00
END
Ch : + u vo th nht (000.03) l u vo
m, mi khi u vo ny nhn gi tr 1
th b m m mt ln.
END (01)
End
Hnh 4.11: B m
+ u vo th hai (000.00) l u vo reset b m, khi u vo ny

nhn gi tr 1 th b m b reset v trng thi ban u
+ Trong lnh (CNT 001 #005) lot s u ch s hiu ca b m (b
m s 1), lot s th hai ch s m t (5 s), khi u vo 000.03
t nm ln gi tr 1 th b m cho gi tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr
1.
53
Gio Trnh PLC
Chng 5: B iu khin PLC - S5

5.1. Cu to ca h PLC Step5
hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c
bn sau c th ghp thm cc modue m rng v pha bn phi, c cc
module m rng tiu chun S5-100U. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng
n v chc nng m c th t hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut
c th.
1. n v c bn
n v c bn ca PLC S5- 95U nh hnh 5.1
siemens
Simatic S5-95U
3
4
{
{
{
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{1
{1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{ 1
{1
1 {
1 {
1 {
1 {
1 {
1 {
1 {
1 {
1 {
1{
1{
1 {
1 {
1 {
1 {
1 {
1 {
1 {
1 {
1{
13
12
11
10
9
Hnh 5.1: Hnh khi mt trc PLC S5-95U
Trong :
1. Ngn c qui
2. M in c qui
3. Cng tt m ngun.
4. Bng cm v n bo cho u vo v ra logic, c: 16 u vo t
I32.0 n I33.7; 16 u ra t Q32.0 n Q33.7
5. u ni ngun 24v cho khi c bn.
54
Gio Trnh PLC
6. Giao din cho u vo b ngt IW59.0 n IW59.3 v u vo b

m IW36 n IW38.
7. Giao din ni tip vi my lp trnh hoc my tnh.
8. Giao din tip nhn module nh ngoi.
9. Giao din cho u vo ra analog.
10. Cng tc chn ch RUN, STOP,
11. n bo ch STOP.
12. n bo ch RUN.
13. n bo li.
Khi qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u v u ra nhiu hn s lng
sn c trn n v c bn hoc khi cn nhng chc nng c bit th c th m
rng n v c bn bng cch g thm cc modue ngoi. Ti a c th g thm 8
modue vo ra qua 8 v tr c sn trn panen v pha phi. Thng Step 5 s dng
cc module m rng:
+ Modue vo, ra s duy tr.
+ Modue vo, ra s khng duy tr ly t S5-100U.
+ Modue vo, ra tng t khng duy tr ly t S5-100U.
+ Modue thng tin khng duy tr CCP.
* Qui c cc chn ca module m rng nh hnh 5.2
+ Chn 1: Dng ngun (L+)
+ Chn 2: m ngun (M)
+ Chn 4: Knh s 0
+ Chn 3: Knh s 1
+ Chn 6: Knh s 2
1 3
5 7 9

2 4 6 8 10
+ Chn 5: Knh s 3
+ Chn 8: Knh s 4
Hnh 5.2: S chn

module m rng
+ Chn 7: Knh s 5
+ Chn 10: Knh s 6
+ Chn 9: Knh s 7
5.2. a ch v gn a ch
Trong PLC cc a ch cn gi thng tin n hoc ly thng tin i u phi

c a ch lin lc. a ch l con s hoc t hp cc con s i theo sau ch
ci. Ch ci ch loi a ch, con s hoc t hp con s ch s hiu a ch.
55
Gio Trnh PLC
Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b

m (C) v c (F), ch cn mt trong 3 ch ci km theo mt s l , v d:
T1, C32, F6...
Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc module chc nng c a ch
phc, cch gn a ch ging nhau. Ta xt cch gn a ch cho cc u vo, ra.
C hai loi u vo ra:
+ u vo ra trn khi c bn (gn lin vi CPU), cc u vo ra ny c
a ch khng i, vi S5-95U l I32.0 n I33.7, Q32.0 n Q33.3.
+ u vo ra trn cc module m rng th a ch ph thuc vo v tr lp
t ca module trn Panen. Ch lp module trn Panen gi l khe (Slot), cc khe
u c nh s, khe s 0 ng lin vi n v c bn v c th tip tc.
1. a ch vo/ra trn module s
Khi lp module s vo ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mang s hiu ca
khe . Trn mi module th mi u vo, ra l mt knh, cc knh u c
nh s. a ch ca mi u vo ra l s ghp ca s hiu khe v knh, s hiu
khe ng trc, s hiu knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm. S hiu khe v
knh nh hnh 5.3.
Khe s: 0
1
2
3 ...
V d: a ch ca knh s 2 trn
module cm vo khe s 0 l 0.2.
n 0
0
0
0
v c 1
1
1
1
Mi u vo ra trn module s ch
bn
:
:
:
:
th hin c ti mt thi im mt
7
7
7
7
trong hai trng thi 1 hoc 0. Nh
vy mi knh ca module s ch c
Hnh 5.3: S hiu khe v knh trn module
biu din bng mt bit s liu, v vy
a ch ca knh trn module s cn
c gi l a ch bit, mi module mang nhiu knh tc l cha nhiu bit,
thng l 8 bit hay mt byte, v vy a ch khe cn gi l a ch byte.
Module s c th c lp trn bt k khe no trn Panen ca PLC.
2. a ch vo ra trn module tng t
din t mt gi tr tng t ta phi cn nhiu bit. Trong PLC S5 ngi ta
dng 16 bit (mt word). Cc lnh tng t c th c gn a ch byte hoc a
ch word khi dng lnh np hoc truyn.
Ch c th lp module tng t vo khe 0 n 7. Mi khe c 4 knh, mi
knh mang 2 a ch nh s t 64+65 (u khe 0) n 126+127 (cui khe 7)
nh hnh 5.4.
Nh vy mi knh mang a ch ring khng km theo a ch khe, c a
ch knh l bit n nm khe no.
V d: Mt module tng t lp vo khe s 2 trn knh s 0 mang a ch byte
80 v 81.
56
Gio Trnh PLC
Khe s: 0
n
v c
bn
64+65
66+67
68+69
70+71
72+73
74+75
76+77
78+79
80+81
82+83
84+85
86+87
88+89 96+97 104+105

90+91 98+99 106+107
92+93 100+101 108+109
94+95 102+103 110+111
112+113
114+115
116+117
118+119
120+121
122+123
124+125
126+127
Hnh 5.4: a ch module tng t

5.3. Vng i tng
TT
1
2
3
4
Tn tham s
ACCUM 1
ACCUM2
BN
C
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
CCO/CC1
D
DB
DL
DR
DW
F
12
13
FB
FW
14
FY
15
16
17
18
19
20
I
IB
IW
KB
KC
KF
Din gii
c qui 1
c qui 2
Hng s byte
B m - C nh
- Khng nh
M iu kin 1 v m iu kin 2
S liu dng bit
Khi s liu
T d liu tri
T d liu phi
T d liu
C - C nh
- Khng nh
Khi hm
T c
- C nh
- Khng nh
T byte - C nh
- Khng nh
u vo bit
u vo byte
u vo t
Hng s 1 byte
Hng s m
Hng s
21
22
23
24
25
KH
KM
KS
KT
KY
Hng s dng c s 16
Hng s bit dng byte
Hng s cho k t
Hng s cho thi gian
Hng s
26
OB
Khi t chc (khi c bit: 1, 3,

57
Vng tham s
-127 n 127
0 n 7
8 n 127
0.0 n 255.15
2 n 255
0 n 255
0 n 225
0 n 255
0.0 n 63.7
64.0 n 255.7
0 n 255
0 n 62
64 n 254
0 n 63
64 n 255
0.0 n 127.7
0 n 127
0 n 126
0 n 255
0 n 999
-32768 n
32677
0000 n FFFF
Mi byte 16 bit
2 k t ASCII
0.0 n 999.3
0 n 255 cho
mi byte
0 n 255
Gio Trnh PLC
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
PB
PB/PY
PII
PIQ
PW
Q
QB
QW
RS
SB
T

13, 21, 31, 34, 251)
Khi chng trnh
m ngoi vi vo ra
B m u vo
B m u ra
m ngoi vi dng t
u ra bit
u ra dng byte
u ra dng t
Vng s liu h thng
Khi dy
B thi gian
0 n 255
0 n 127
0 n 125
0.0 n 127.7
0 n 127
0 n 125
0 n 255
0 n 255
0 n 127
5.4. Cu trc ca chng trnh S5

1. Cu trc chng trnh
Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S5 c th c vit dng n khi
hoc a khi.
Chng trnh n khi
Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc):
Ngi lp trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia thnh lp, ti a l 16
lp. Nu s lp vt qu gii hn th PLC t ng v trng thi ban u.
2. Khi v on (Block and Segment)
Cu trc mi khi gm c:
+ Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment)
thc hin tng cng on ca t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt
s dng lnh phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c
gi vo RLO (Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc
on cng nh hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr
RLO mi, khc vi gi tr RLO ca on trc.
58
Gio Trnh PLC
+ Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BE.

Cc loi khi:
* Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block):
Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin
chng trnh.
* Khi chng trnh PB (Program Block):
Khi chng trnh sp xp chng trnh iu khin theo chc nng hoc kha
cnh k thut.
* Khi dy SB (Sequence Block):
Khi dy l loi khi c bit c iu khin theo chong trnh dy v c
x l nh khi chng trnh.
* Khi chc nng FB (Function Block):
Khi chc nng l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh
iu khin ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho
cc khi v chng c mt nhm lnh m rng.
* Khi d liu DB (Data Block):
Khi d liu lu tr cc d liu cn thit cho vic x l chng trnh iu
khin.
5.5. Bng lnh ca S5-95U
Cc lnh ca chng trnh S5 c chia thnh ba nhm l:
1. Nhm lnh c bn
Nhm lnh c bn gm nhng lnh s dng cho cc chc nng, thc hin
trong cc khi t chc OB, khi chng trnh PB, khi dy SB v khi chc nng
FB. Ngoi tr hai lnh s hc +F v -F ch c biu din bng phng php dy
lnh STL, cn li tt c cc lnh c bn khc u c th c biu din bng c
ba phng php l bng lnh STL, lu iu khin CSF v biu bc
thang LAD.
2. Nhm lnh b tr
Nhm lnh b tr bao gm cc lnh s dng cho cc chc nng phc tp, v
d nh cc lnh thay th, cc chc nng th nghim, cc lnh dch chuyn hoc
chuyn i...
Cc lnh b tr dng trong khi chc nng v c biu din bng phng
php bng lnh STL. Ch c rt t lnh c s dng phng php lu .
3. Nhm lnh h thng
Cc lnh h thng c php thm nhp trc tip vo h thng iu hnh v
ch c th c biu din bng phng php bng lnh STL. Ch khi thc s am
hiu v h thng mi nn s dng cc lnh h thng.
59
Gio Trnh PLC
Din di ca cc lnh xem phn Bng lnh

5.6. C php mt s lnh c bn ca S5
1. Nhm lnh logic c bn
Khi thc hin lnh u tin ca mt lot php ton logic th ni dung ca i
tng lnh c ly vo s c np ngay vo RLO (Kt qu ca php ton
logic) m khng cn thc hin php ton.
i tng ca cc lnh logic l: I, Q, F, T, C
1.1. Lnh A
A
32.0
32.1
32.2
32.0
I 32.0
I 32.1
I 32.2
Q32.0
( )
:BE
Hnh 5.6: Lnh A
BE
+ n Enter tr v mn hnh Output.
+ n Shift-F5 xem dng LAD v CSF, dng LAD nh hnh 5.6
+ n Shift-F7 ct chng trnh v chng trnh sang PLC, chn yes
xc nhn vic chng trnh ln chng trnh c trong PLC (khi ct th
PLC phi ch STOP).
+ Bt cng tc ca CPU v ch RUN, quan st kt qu lp trnh.
1.2. Lnh AN
Lp trnh dng STL.

A
32.0
AN
32.1
32.2
32.0
I 32.0
I 32.1
I 32.2
( )
:BE
Hnh 5.7: Lnh AN
BE
I 32.0
Lp trnh dng STL.
I 32.1
Q32.0
( )
1. 3. Lnh O
O
O
O
=
BE
Q32.0
I
I
I
Q
32.0
32.1
32.2
32.0
I 32.2
:BE
Hnh 5.8: Lnh O
60
Gio Trnh PLC
1. 4. Lnh ON
I 32.0
Lp trnh dng STL.
( )
32.0
ON
32.1
32.2
32.0
I 32.1
I 32.2
:BE
BE
Hnh 5.9: Lnh ON
1. 5. Lnh O gia hai lnh A
Lp trnh dng STL.

A
A
O
A
A
=
BE
Q32.0
I 32.0
I
I
32.0
32.1
I
I
Q
32.2
32.3
32.0
I 32.1
Q32.0
( )
I 32.2
I 32.3
:BE
Hnh 5.10: Lnh O gia hai lnh A
1.6. Lnh "(" v lnh ")"
I 32.0
Lp trnh dng STL
Q32.0
( )
O
I
32.0
O
A
I
32.1
A(
O
I
32.2
O
I
32.3
)
=
Q
32.0
BE
2. Nhm lnh set v reset
I 32.1
I 32.2
I 32.3
:BE
Hnh 5.11: Lnh "(" v lnh ")"
Cc lnh set v reset lu gi kt qu ca php ton logic c hnh thnh

trong b x l.
I 32.0
Q32.0
i tng ca cc lnh ny l I, Q, F.
S
V d 1:
I 32.1
A
I
32.0
R
( )
S
Q
32.0
:BE
A
I
32.1
R
Q
32.0
Hnh 5.12: Lnh set /reset
NOP 0
Khi u vo I32.0 c th u ra Q32.0 c v c gi li cho d I32.0 mt,
ch khi I32.1 c th li xo nh lm Q32.0 v khng.
61
Gio Trnh PLC
Lnh NOP 0 l lnh gi ch cho phng php LAD. V c u ra Q cha

dng, mun phng php LAD v c
hnh th phi a lnh NOP 0 vo.
I 32.0
F17
V d 2:
I 32.1
Q32.0
A
I
32.0
S Q
( )
R
F
17
A
I
32.1
:BE
S
F
17
A
F
17
Hnh 5.13: Lnh set /reset
=
Q
32.0
y l v d v lnh set tri, v khi I32.0 c trng thi 1 th n s xo trng
thi tn hiu trn c F17 v 0 cho n khi I32.1 c trng thi 1 th n s t
trng thi 1 cho c F17 sau khng ph thuc I32.0 na. Khi c nhn trng
thi 1 th s gn cho u ra Q32.0 trng thi 1. Khi c I32.0 v I32.1 cng c
trng thi 1 th c s c trng thi 1 v lnh set sau, gi l u tin set.
3. Nhm lnh np v truyn
Lnh np v truyn trao i thng tin gia cc vng i tng lnh khc
nhau.
Chun b gi tr thi gian v gi tr m cho cc lnh thi gian v lnh m.
Np hng s phc v vic x l chng trnh.
Lung thng tin c np v truyn thng qua hai thanh ghi tch lu ACCU1
v ACCU2. Thanh ghi tch lu l thanh ghi c bit trong PLC dng lu tr
tm thi cc thng tin. Mi thanh ghi c di 16 bit.
C th np hoc truyn cc i tng theo byte hoc t. trao i theo
byte, thng tin lu tr trong byte phi tc l byte thp ca thanh ghi, s bit cn
tha (ngoi 8 bit) c t khng. C th dng cc lnh khc nhau x l cc
thng tin trong hai thanh ghi.
Cc lnh thuc nhm ny l:
3.1. Lnh np L: Ni dung ca i tng (n v byte) c chp vo ACCU1
khng ph thuc vo RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng. Ni dung trc

ca ACCU1 c chuyn dch sang ACCU2, ni dung c ca ACCU2 s b mt.
ACCU2
Thng tin b mt
Byte d Byte c
Byte d Byte d
ACCU1
Byte d Byte c
Byte b Byte a
Byte b Byte a
0
IB7
Hnh 5.14
62
IB7
IB8
Vng m PII
L IB7
Byte d
L IB8
Byte d
Gio Trnh PLC
V d: Np lin tip IB7 v IB8 t vng m PII vo thanh ghi tch lu ta c s

np nh hnh 5.14.
3.2.Lnh truyn T: Ni dung ca ACCU1 c gn cho i tng lnh khng ph
thuc RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng. Khi truyn th thng tin t
ACCU1 c chp vo vng nh c a ch ho (v d vng m u ra
PIQ). Ni dung ca ACCU1 khng b mt. Gi tr trc ca vng m u ra
PIQ b mt. M t lnh nh hnh 5.15.
ACCU2
ACCU1
Byte d Byte c
Vng m PIQ
Byte b Byte a
Byte b Byte a
A
T QB5
Byte b Byte a
Byte a
Thng tin b mt
A
Hnh 5.15
3.3. Lnh LD: s m v s thi gian c np vo ACCU1 dng m BCD, khng
ph thuc vo RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng.
i tng ca cc lnh ny l:
+ Lnh L: IB, IW, QB, QW, FY, FW, DR, DL, DW, PB/PY, PW, T, C, KM,
KH, KF, KY, KB, KS, KT, KC.
+ Lnh T: IB, IW, QB, QW, FY, FW, DR, DL, DW, PB/PY, PW.
+ Lnh LD: T, C.
4. Nhm lnh thi gian
4.1. Np gi tr thi gian
Khi mt b thi gian c khi pht th ni dung trong ACCU1 (dng t 16

bit) c dng lm gi tr tnh thi gian. Do , mun dng cc lnh thi gian
phi np gi tr thi gian cn t vo ACCU1 trc khi b thi gian hot ng.
+ KT: gi tr thi gian hng s
+ DW: t (word) d liu
+ IW: t (word) u vo
+ QW: t (word) u ra
+ FW: t (word) c
Tr loi KT cc loi cn li phi dng m BCD.
Np thi gian hng s: L KT 40.2

Trong lnh c: KT ch r l hng s
S 40: h s (c th gn t 0 n 999)
S 2: l m, c 4 m:
0 tng ng 0,01s
63
Gio Trnh PLC
1 tng ng 0,1s
2 tng ng 1s
3 tng ng 10s
Vi s trn th thi gian c tnh l t = 40 1s = 40s .
Vi m cng nh th gi tr thi gian cng chnh xc, v vy nn dng m
nh.
Np thi gian di dng u vo, u ra, hoc t d liu: V d mun np

mt gi tr thi gian t mt t d liu DW2 vo ACCU1 ta vit lnh sau:
L DW2
Nh vy, trc khi thc hin lnh ny th gi tr thi gian c lu sn
trong t d liu DW2 di dng m BCD.
v d trong DW2
15
c cc s nh
hnh 5.16:
M thi gian
cng c s
dng nh trn.
1 0
(2)
M
11
0 1 1 0
(6)
0 0 1 1
(3)
H s
1 0 0 0
(8)
Hnh 5.16
t = 638 1s = 638s
Vy, trc khi dng lnh np trn ta phi dng chng trnh iu khin
vit gi tr thi gian vo t d liu DW2. V d vit gi tr thi gian 27s vo t
d liu DW2 trong khi DB3 ri sau np vo ACCU1 nh sau:
C
L
T
L
DB3
KT 270.1
DW2
...
DW2
4.2. c gi tr thi gian hin hnh
C th dng hai lnh L v LD a gi tr thi gian hin hnh ca b thi

gian T vo ACCU1 x l.
L
T1
% c gi tr thi gian dng nh phn
LD
T1
% c gi tr thi gian dng BCD
Ch : Lnh L v T i vi T v C th bao gi cng c gi tr nh phn cn i vi

cc i tng khc th cng c th c gi tr nh phn hoc dng BCD tu theo
trng hp c th.
4.3. Cc lnh
1. B thi gian xung SP
B thi gian c khi pht ln 1 ti si ln ca RLO khi RLO l 1 th b

thi gian vn duy tr trng thi 1 cho n khi t gi tr t mi xung. Nhng
khi RLO v khng th b thi gian v khng ngay.
64
Gio Trnh PLC
A
L
SP
NOP
NOP
NOP
A
=
BE
I
KT
T
0
0
0
T
Q
32.0
500.0
1
1
32.0
I 32.0
<5
>5
T1
1
KT 500.0
BI
DE
TV
I32.0
Q32.0
R
Q32.0
:BE
Thi gian (s)
( )
Hnh 5.17: Gin thi gian v dng LAD Lnh SP

2. B thi gian m rng SE
B thi gian xung m rng SE c khi pht ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO sau

khng ph thuc RLO na cho n khi thi gian t mi v khng.
Lp trnh dng STL.
C
L
T
A
L
SE
NOP
NOP
NOP
A
=
BE
DB
KT
IW
I
IW
T
0
0
0
T2
Q
3
500.0
16
33.0
16
2
>5
<5
I33.0
Q33.0
Thi gian (s)
Hnh 5.18: Gin thi gian lnh SE
33.0
3. B thi gian bt u tr SD
Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi

gian t trong lnh. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cng b t ngay v
khng.
65
Gio Trnh PLC
Lp trnh dng STL.

C
L
T
A
L
SD
NOP
NOP
NOP
A
=
BE
DB
KT
FW
I
FW
T
0
0
0
T
Q
3
50.1
16
33.0
16
3
<5
>5
I33.0
Q33.0
5
3
33.0
Thi gian (s)
Hnh 5.19: Gin thi gian lnh SD
4. B thi gian bt u tr lu tr SS
Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong thi gian

bng thi gian t trong lnh v sau khng ph thuc RLO na. N ch v
khng khi c lnh xo R.
A
L
SS
A
R
NOP
NOP
A
=
BE
I
KT
T
I
T
0
0
T
Q
33.0
500.0
4
32.0
4
4
32.0
I 33.0
T4
T!-!S
I33.0
KT 500.0
I32.0
Q32.0
TV
BI
DE
Q32.0
I 32.0
R
( )
:BE
Thi gian (s)
Hnh 5.20: Gin thi gian v dng LAD lnh SS
66
Gio Trnh PLC
5. B thi gian tt tr SF
B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian

tip tc duy tr trng thi mt khong thi gian na bng khong t trong
lnh ri mi v khng. xo thi gian dng lnh R, khi c lnh R t 0 ln 1 th
b thi gian c t v khng v trng thi tn hiu vn gi 0 cho n khi b
thi gian c khi pht li.
A
L
SF
NOP
NOP
NOP
A
=
BE
I
KT
T
0
0
0
T
Q
33.0
50.1
4
4
33.0
I 33.0
KT 050.1
T5
0!-!T
TV
BI
DE
I33.0
Q33.0
R
Q33.0
5
Thi gian (s)
( )
:BE
Hnh 5.21: Gin thi gian v dng LAD lnh SF
5. Nhm lnh m
5.1. Np gi tr m
Cng nh b thi gian khi mt b m c khi pht th ni dung trong

ACCU1 (dng t 16 bit) c dng lm gi tr m. Do , mun dng cc lnh
m phi np gi tr m vo ACCU1 trc khi b m hot ng.
C cc kiu d liu sau dng cho cc lnh m:
+ KC: gi tr hng s
+ DW: t (word) d liu
+ IW: t (word) u vo
+ QW: t (word) u ra
+ FW: t (word) c
Tr loi KC cc loi cn li phi dng m BCD.
Np gi tr m hng s: L KC 38
67
Gio Trnh PLC
S m t 0 n 999
Np s m di dng u vo, u ra, hoc t d liu: V d mun np

mt gi tr m t mt t d liu DW2 vo ACCU1 ta vit lnh sau:
L DW2
Nh vy, trc khi thc hin lnh ny th gi tr m c lu sn trong t
d liu DW2 di dng m BCD.
v d trong DW2
15
c cc s nh
hnh 5.22:
Vi lnh trn
th s 638 c
np vo DW2.
11
0 1 1 0
(6)
0 0 1 1
(3)
1 0 0 0
(8)
Khng dng
S 638 dng BCD

Hnh 5.22
i tng ca lnh: C hai lnh m ch c mt i tng l b m C vi

cc s hiu tu thuc loi PLC.
5.2. Chun b thc hin cc lnh m
+ t b m: Sau khi np gi tr m ta dng lnh S cho b m lm

vic.
+ Xo b m: Khi m ti mt gi tr no ta dng lnh R xo, tc
l ngng m v a gi tr m v khng, nu khng dng lnh ny khi m
gi tr t b m gi nguyn trng thi khng v khng.
+ Qut b m: Ta dng lnh logic boole qut b m (v d lnh A). Nu
b m cha v khng th kt qu qut c trng thi 1.
+ Xut ra trng thi b m hin hnh: C th dng lnh L v LD a
trng thi b m hin hnh vo ACCU1 x l sau ny, lnh L dng cho s
nh phn, lnh LD dng cho s BCD.
4.3. Cc lnh
1. Lnh m xung CD
S m gim i mt n v lc
xut hin mt sn ln ca RLO. Khi
RLO v khng s m khng b nh
hng.
A
CD
NOP
A
L
S
NOP
NOP
I
C
0
I
KC
C
0
0
I 32.1
C1
CD
CU
I 32.2
32.1
1
S
KC 007
32.2
7
1
BI
DE
CV
R
Q33.1
Q
( )
:BE
Hnh 5.23: Lnh m xung CD
68
Gio Trnh PLC
NOP 0
A
C
=
Q
BE
1
33.1
2. Lnh m ln CU
S m tng mt n v lc xut hin sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng

s m khng b nh hng.
C1
I 32.1
A
I
32.1
CU
NOP
NOP
NOP
A
R
NOP
NOP
A
=
BE
C
0
0
0
I
C
0
0
C
Q
CU
CD
S
33.1
1
I 33.1
BI
DE
CV
R
Q33.2
( )
:BE
1
33.1
Hnh 5.24: Lnh m ln CU
69
Gio Trnh PLC
Chng 6: B iu khin PLC - S7-200

6.1. Cu hnh cng
PLC Step 7 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC
hn hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n
v c bn sau c th ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi. C cc
module m rng tiu chun. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v
chc nng m c th t hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th.
1. n v c bn
1.1. Cu trc n v c bn: n v c bn ca PLC S7-200 (CPU 314) nh hnh 6.1
7
{{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
SF
RUN
STOP
SIEMENS
SIMATIC
S7-200
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
I0.4
I0.5
I0.6
I0.7
I1.0
I1.1
I1.2
I1.3
I1.4
I1.5
Q0.0
Q0.1
Q0.2
Q0.3
Q0.4
Q0.5
Q0.6
Q0.7
Q1.0
Q1.1
{{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {
Hnh 6.1: Hnh khi mt trc PLC S7-200
Trong :
1. Chn cm cng ra.
2. Chn cm cng vo.
3. Cc n trng thi:
SF (n ): Bo hiu h thng b hng.
RUN (n xanh): Ch nh rng PLC ang ch lm vic.
STOP (n vng): Ch nh rng PLC ang ch dng.
4. n xanh cng vo ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng vo.
5. Cng truyn thng.
6. n xanh cng ra ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng ra.
7. Cng tc.
Ch lm vic: Cng tc chn ch lm vic c ba v tr
70
Gio Trnh PLC
+ RUN: cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh trong b nh. PLC s t
chuyn v trng thi STOP khi my c s c, hoc trong chng trnh gp lnh
STOP, do khi chy nn quan st trng thi thc ca PLC theo n bo.
+ STOP: cng bc PLC dng cng vic ang thc hin, chuyn v trng
thi ngh. ch ny PLC cho php hiu chnh li chng trnh hoc np mt
chng trnh mi.
+ TERM: cho php PLC t quyt nh mt ch lm vic (hoc RUN hoc
STOP).
Chnh nh tng t: Nm iu chnh tng t t di np y cnh cng
ra, nm iu chnh tng t cho php iu chnh tn hiu tng t, gc quay
c 2700..
Pin v ngun nui b nh: Ngun pin c t ng chuyn sang trng thi
tch cc khi dung lng nh b cn kit v n thay th d liu khng b mt.
Cng truyn thng: S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS 485 vi
phch cm 9 chn phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc
PLC khc. Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600 boud. Cc chn ca
cng truyn thng l:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
t
24v DC
truyn v nhn d liu
khng dng
t
5v DC (in tr trong 100)
24v DC (120 mA)
truyn v nhn d liu
khng dng
5 4 3
9 8
2 1
7 6
Hnh 6.2
1.2. Thng s
Vi CPU 214:
+ 14 cng vo v 10 cng ra logic. C th m rng thm 7 module bao gm
c module analog.
+ Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra.
+ 2048 t n (4Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng
trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM).
+ 2048 t n (4Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi ghi d liu, trong c
512 t u thuc min khng i.
+ 128 b thi gian (Times) chia lm ba loi theo phn di khc nhau: 4 b
1ms, 16 b 10ms v 108 b 100ms.
+ 128 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li.
+ 688 bit nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic.
71
Gio Trnh PLC
+ Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln

hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn
xung.
+ Ba b m tc cao vi nhp 2KHz v 7KHz.
+ 2 b pht xung nhanh cho dy xung kiu PTO hoc kiu PWM.
+ 2 b iu chnh tng t.
+ Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 190h khi
PLC b mt ngun cung cp.
Vi CPU 212
+ 8 cng vo v 6 cng ra logic. C th m rng thm 2 module bao gm c
module analog.
+ Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra.
+ 512 t n (1Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng
trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM).
+ 512 t n lu d liu, trong c 100 t nh c/ghi thuc min khng
i.
+ 64 b thi gian tr (Times) trong : 2 b 1ms, 8 b 10ms v 54 b 100ms.
+ 64 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li.
+ 368 bit nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic.
+ Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln
hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn
xung.
+ Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 50h khi
PLC b mt ngun cung cp.
Khi qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u v u ra nhiu hn s lng
sn c trn n v c bn hoc khi cn nhng chc nng c bit th c th m
rng n v c bn bng cch g thm cc module ngoi. Ti a c th g thm
7 module vo ra qua 7 v tr c sn trn Panen v pha phi. a ch ca cc v tr
ca module c xc nh bng kiu vo ra v v tr ca module trong rnh, bao
gm c cc module cng kiu. V d mt module cng ra khng th gn a ch
module cng vo, cng nh module tng t khng th gn a ch nh module
s v ngc li.
Cc module s hay ri rc u chim ch trong b m, tng ng vi s
u vo ra ca module.
Cch gn a ch c th hin trn hnh 6.3.
72
Gio Trnh PLC
CPU 214
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
I0.4
I0.5
I0.6
I0.7
I1.0
I1.1
I1.2
I1.3
I1.4
I1.5
Module 0
(4 vo, 4 ra)
Module 1
(8 vo)
Module 2
analog
(3 vo, 1 ra)
Module 3
(8 ra)
Module 4
analog
(3 vo, 1 ra)
I2.0
I2.1
I2.2
I2.3
I3.0
I3.1
I3.2
I3.3
I3.4
I3.5
I3.6
I3.7
AIW0
AIW2
AIW3
AIW4
Q3.0
Q3.1
Q3.2
Q3.3
Q3.4
Q3.5
Q3.6
Q3.7
AIW8
AIW10
AIW12
Q0.0
Q0.1
Q0.2
Q0.3
Q0.4
Q0.5
Q0.6
Q0.7
Q1.0
Q1.1
Q2.0
Q2.1
Q2.2
Q2.3
AQW0
AQW4
Hnh 6.3: a ch cc module m rng
6.2. Cu trc b nh
B nh c chia thnh 4 vng chnh l:
1. Vng nh chng trnh
Vng nh chng trnh l min b nh c s dng lu gi cc lnh
chng trnh. Vng ny thuc kiu khng i (non-volatile) c / ghi c.
2. Vng tham s
Vng tham s lu gi cc tham s nh: t kho, a ch trm... vng ny
thuc vng khng i c / ghi c.
3. Vng d liu
Vng d liu ct cc d liu ca chng trnh gm kt qu ca cc php
tnh, cc hng s trong chng trnh.... vng d liu l min nh ng, c th
truy nhp theo tng bit, byte, t (word) hoc t kp.
Vng d liu c chia thnh cc vng nh nh vi cc cng dng khc
nhau l:
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tn tham s
V
I
Q
M
SM ch c
SM dc/ghi
Din gii
L min c ghi
m cng vo
m cng ra
Vng nh ni
Vng nh c bit
Vng nh c bit
73
Tham s
CPU 212
CPU214
0.0 1023.7 0.0 4095.7
0.0 7.7
0.0 7.7
0.0 7.7
0.0 7.7
0.0 15.7
0.0 31.7
0.0 29.7
0.0 29.7
30.0 45.7
30.0 85.7
Gio Trnh PLC
a ch truy nhp c qui c vi cng thc:

* Truy nhp theo bit:
Tn min + a ch byte.ch s bit.
V d: V150.4 l a ch bt s 4 ca byte 150 thuc min V.
* Truy nhp theo byte:
Tn min + B v a ch byte.
V d: VB150 l a ch byte 150 thuc min V.
* Truy nhp theo t (word):
Tn min + W v a ch byte cao ca t.

V d: VW150 l a ch t n gm hai byte 150 v 151 thuc min V, trong
byte 150 c vai tr byte cao ca t.
* Truy nhp theo t kp :
Tn min + D v a ch byte cao ca t.

V d: VD150 l a ch t kp gm bn byte 150, 151, 152 v 153 thuc min
V, trong byte 150 c vai tr byte cao, 153 c vai tr l byte thp ca t kp.
Tt c cc byte thuc vng d liu u c th truy nhp bng con tr. Con
tr c nh ngha trong min V hoc cc thanh ghi AC1, AC2, AC3. Mi con
tr ch a ch gm 4 byte (t kp). Qui c s dng con tr truy nhp nh
sau:
& + a ch byte cao
V d: + AC1 = &VB150 l thanh ghi AC1 cha a ch byte 150 thuc min V.
+ VD100 = &VW150 l t kp VD100 cha a ch byte cao ca t n
VW150 thuc min V.
+ AC2 = &VD150 l thanh ghi AC2 cha a ch byte cao 150 ca t kp
VD150 thuc min V.
Ton hng * (con tr): l ly ni dung ca byte, t hoc t kp m
con tr ang ch vo. Vi cc a ch xc nh trn ta c cc v d:
V d: + Ly ni dung ca byte VB150 l: *AC1.
+ Ly ni dung ca t n VW150 l: *VD100.
+ Ly ni dung ca t kp VD150 l: *AC2.
Php gn a ch v s dng con tr nh trn cng c tc dng vi nhng
thanh ghi 16 bit ca b thi gian, b m thuc i tng.
4. Vng i tng
Vng i tng lu gi d liu cho cc i tng lp trnh nh cc gi
tr tc thi, gi tr t trc ca b m, hay b thi gian. D liu kiu i tng
74
Gio Trnh PLC
bao gm cc thanh ghi ca b thi gian, b m, cc b m cao tc, b m

tng t v cc thanh ghi AC.
Kiu d liu i tng b hn ch rt nhiu v cc d liu kiu i tng
ch c ghi theo mc ch cn s dng ca i tng .
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tn
tham s
AC0
AC
C
HSC
AW
AQW
T
Tham s
CPU 212
CPU 214
c qui 0 (Khng c kh nng lm con tr)
c qui
1 3
13
B m
0 n 127
0 63
B m tc cao
0 n 2
B m cng vo tng t
0 n 30
0 30
B m cng ra tng t
0 n 30
0 30
B thi gian
0 n 127
0 63
Din gii
6.3. Chng trnh ca S7-200

Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-200 c vit c cu trc bao gm
chng trnh chnh (main program) sau n cc chng trnh con v cc
chng trnh s l ngt nh hnh 6.4.
- Chng trnh
chnh c kt thc bng
lnh kt thc chng
trnh MEND.
Main Program
M
MEND
- Chng trnh con

l mt b phn ca
chng trnh, chng
trnh con c kt thc
bng lnh RET. Cc
chng trnh con phi
c vit sau lnh kt
thc chng trnh chnh
MEND.
SBR 0
M
RET
Chng trnh con th nht
SBR n
M
RET
Chng trnh con th n +1
INT 0
M
RETI
Chng trnh x l ngt th nht
INT n
M
RETI
Chng trnh x l ngt th n +1
- Cc chng trnh
x l ngt l mt b
phn ca chng trnh,
cc chng trnh x l
ngt c kt thc bng
lnh RETI. Nu cn s
dng chng trnh x l
ngt phi vit sau lnh
Hnh 6.4: Cu trc chng trnh ca S7-200
75
Gio Trnh PLC
kt thc chng trnh chnh MEND.

Cc chng trnh con c nhm li thnh mt nhm ngay sau chng trnh
chnh. Sau n ngay cc chng trnh x l ngt. C th t do trn ln cc
chng trnh con v chng trnh x l ngt ng sau chng trnh chnh.
Xem phn ph lc.
6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7-200
1. Lnh LD v lnh A
I 0.0
Lp trnh dng STL.

LD
A
A
=
I
I
I
Q
I 0.1
I 0.2
( )
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
Hnh 6.5: Lnh LD v A
2. Lnh AN
I 0.0
I 0.1
I 0.2
I
I
I
Q
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
Hnh 6.6: Lnh AN
I 0.0
I 0.1
Lp trnh dng STL.

I
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
Q1.0
( )
3. Lnh O
LD
Q1.0
( )
Lp trnh dng STL.

LD
AN
A
=
Q1.0
I 0.2
Hnh 6.7: Lnh O
4. Lnh ON:
I 0.0
Lp trnh dng STL.

LD
0.0
ON
0.1
0.2
1.0
Q1.0
( )
I 0.1
I 0.2
5. Lnh OLD
Lp trnh dng STL (c th lp trnh dng
LAD v kim tra li dng STL).
76
Hnh 6.8: Lnh ON
Gio Trnh PLC
LD
0.0
0.1
LD
0.2
1.0
I 0.0
I 0.1
Q1.0
( )
I 0.2
OLD
=
Hnh 6.9: Lnh OLD
6. Lnh ALD
Lp trnh dng STL.
LD
0.0
LD
0.1
0.2
1.0
I 0.0
( )
I 0.2
ALD
=
Q1.0
I 0.1
Hnh 6.10: ALD
7. Lnh LPS, LRD, LPP

I 0.0
Lp trnh dng STL

LD
0.0
LD
0.1
0.2
0.0
LD
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.2
I 0.2
I 0.3
Q0.1
( )
ALD
I 0.4
LRD
I 0.5
Q0.2
( )
Hnh 6.11: LPS, LRD, LPP
ALD
=
Q0.0
( )
LPS
I 0.1
LPP
77
Gio Trnh PLC
Chng 7: B iu khin PLC - S7-300

7.1. Cu hnh cng
1. Cu to ca h PLC- S7-300
PLC Step S7-300 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi
PLC a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn (ch x
l) sau ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi, c cc module m
rng tiu chun. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng m
c th t hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th.
1.1. n v c bn
n v c bn ca PLC S7-300 nh hnh 7.1

Trong :
1. Cc n bo:
siemens
+ n SF: bo li CPU.
+ n BAF: Bo ngun c qui.
+ n DC 5v: Bo ngun 5v.
+ n RUN: Bo ch PLC
ang lm vic.
RUN-P
RUN
+ n STOP: Bo PLC ang

ch dng.
+ RUN-P: Ch va chy
va sa chng trnh.
+ STOP: PLC ch
ngh.
+ MRES: V tr ch nh ch
xo chng trnh trong CPU.
SF
BAF
DC 5v
FRCE
RUN
STOP
STOP
MRES
2. Cng tc chuyn i ch :
+ RUN: a PLC vo ch
lm vic.
MC 951 / 16 KB
6E7 951-0FD00-0AA0
CPU 314
Simatic
S7 - 300
314-1AE00-OABO
Hnh 7.1: Hnh khi mt trc CPU-314
Mun xo chng trnh th gi nt bm v v tr MRES n STOP nhp

nhy, khi thi khng nhp nhy th nh tay. Lm li nhanh mt ln na (khng
n STOP) nu n vng nhy nhiu ln l xong, nu khng th phi lm
li.
1.2. Cc kiu module
Tu theo qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u vo v u ra ta phi lp

thm bao nhiu module m rng cng nh loi module cho ph hp. Ti a c
th g thm 32 module vo ra trn 4 panen (rnh), trn mi panen ngoi module
78
Gio Trnh PLC
ngun, CPU v module ghp ni cn g c 8 cc module v bn phi. Thng

Step 7-300 s dng cc module sau:
+ Module ngun PS
+ Module ghp ni IM (Intefare Module):
+ Module tn hiu SM (Signal Module):
- Vo s: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh.
- Ra s: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh.
- Vo, ra s: 8 knh vo 8 knh ra, 16 knh vo 16 knh ra.
- Vo tng t: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh.
- Ra tng t: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh.
- Vo, ra tng t: 2 knh vo 2 knh ra, 4 knh vo 4 knh ra.
+ Module hm (Function Module).
- m tc cao.
- Truyn thng CP 340, CP340-1, CP341.
+ Module iu khin (Control Module):
- Module iu khin PID.
- Module iu khin Fuzzy.
- Module iu khin r bot.
- Module iu khin ng c bc.
- Module iu khin ng c Servo.
2. a ch v gn a ch
Trong PLC cc b phn cn gi thng tin n hoc ly thng tin i u phi
c a ch lin lc. a ch l con s hoc t hp cc con s i theo sau ch
ci. Ch ci ch loi a ch, con s hoc t hp con s ch s hiu a ch.
Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b
m (C).... ch cn mt trong 3 ch ci km theo mt s l , v d: T1,
C32...
Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc module chc nng c cch gn
a ch ging nhau. a ch ph thuc vo v tr g ca module trn Panen. Ch
g module trn panen gi l khe (Slot), cc khe u c nh s, khe s 1 l khe
u tin ca v c th tip tc.
c, a ch vo ra trn module s:
Khi g module s vo, ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mng a ch byte
ca khe , mi khe c 4 byte a ch.
79
Gio Trnh PLC
Khe s: 1
2
3
4
Byte s:
03
PS n IM 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0
v c
0.1 1.1 2.1 3.1
Rnh 0
bn
:
:
:
:
0.7 1.7 2.7 3.7
5
...
47 ...
11
2831
28.0 29.0 30.0 31.0
28.1 29.1 30.1 31.1
:
:
:
:
28.7 28.7 30.7 31.7
...
6063
3235
Byte s:
Rnh 1
IM
64 67
Byte s:
Rnh 2
9295
...
IM
9699
Byte s:
Rnh 3
124127
...
IM
Hnh 7.2: a ch khe v knh trn module s
Trn mi module th mi u vo, ra l mt knh, cc knh u c a ch

bit l 0 n 7. a ch ca mi u vo, ra l s ghp ca a ch byte v a ch
knh, a ch byte ng trc, a ch knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm.
Khi cc module g trn khe th a ch c tnh t byte u ca khe, cc u
vo v ra ca mt khe c cng a ch. a ch byte v a ch knh nh hnh 7.2.
V d: Module 2 u vo, 2 u ra s g vo khe s 5 rnh 0 c a ch l I4.0,
I4.1 v Q4.0, Q4.1.
Module s c th c g trn bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC.
Khe s: 1
...
11
PS n IM
v c
Rnh 0
bn
256-257
258-259
...
270-271
368-369
370-371
...
382-383
Rnh 1
IM
283-284
...
...
510-511
Rnh 2
IM
384-385
...
...
638-639
Rnh 3
IM
640-641
...
...
766-767
Hnh 7.3: a ch ca module tng t
80
Gio Trnh PLC
d, a ch vo ra trn module tng t

din t mt gi tr tng t ta phi cn nhiu bit. Trong PLC S7-300
ngi ta dng 16 bit (mt word) cho mt knh. Mt khe c 8 knh vi a ch
u tin l PIW256 hoc PQW256 (byte 256 v 257) cho n PIW766 hoc
PQW766 nh hnh 7.3.
Module tng t c th c g vo bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC.
V d: Mt module tng t 2 vo, 1 ra g vo khe s 6 rnh 0 c a ch l
PIW288, PIW290, PQW288.
7.2. Vng i tng
1. Cc vng nh
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Tn tham s
I
IB
IW
ID
Q
QB
QW
QD
M
MB
MW
MD
PIB
PIW
PID
PQB
PQW
PQD
T
C
DBX
DBB
DBW
DBD
DIX
DIB
DIW
DID
L
Bng 7.1
Din gii
u vo bit
u vo byte
u vo t
u vo t kp
u ra bit
u ra byte
u ra t
u ra t kp
Nh ni dng bit
Nh ni dng byte
Nh ni dng t
Nh ni dng t kp
Vng m u vo dng byte
Vng m u vo dng t
Vng m u vo dng t kp.
Vng m u ra dng byte
Vng m u ra dng t
Vng m u ra dng t kp
B thi gian
B m
Khi d liu kiu BD dng bit
Khi d liu kiu BD dng byte
Khi d liu kiu BD dng t
Khi d liu kiu BD dng t kp
Khi d liu kiu BI dng bit
Khi d liu kiu BI dng byte
Khi d liu kiu BI dng t
Khi d liu kiu BI dng t kp
Vng d liu tm thi dng bit
81
Vng tham s
0.0 n 65535.7
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
0.0 n 65535.7
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
0.0 n 255.7
0 n 255
0 n 254
0 n 252
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
0 n 255
0 n 255
0.0 n 65535.7
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
0.0 n 65535.7
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
0.0 n 65535.7
Gio Trnh PLC
30 LB
31 LW
32 LD
Vng d liu tm thi dng byte

Vng d liu tm thi dng t
Vng d liu tm thi dng t kp
0 n 65535
0 n 65534
0 n 65532
2. Nhp cc hng s
Cc hng s c vit gm phn u v tham s i lin nhau v d B#16#1A
l s: (vit dng byte, c s 16, gi tr l 1A tng ng c s thp phn l 26).
Cc hng s v thi gian c vit theo cc k hiu: D (Date) ngy_ H
(Hours) gi_ M (minuter) pht_ S (seconds) giy_ MS (milliseconds) mili giy
v d 2D_23H_10M_50S_13MS l: (2 ngy, 23 gi, 10 pht, 50 giy, 13 mili
giy).
Cc kiu vit hng s c th hin trn bng 7.2:
Loi
Byte
T
Bit
T kp
32
8
16
S thc
S thc
S thc
16
32
32
Thi
gian
16
32
Ngy
Thi
gian ca
ngy
K t
32
8
C s
16
2
16
BCD
10 khng du
2
Phn u
B#16#...
2#...
W#16#...
C#
B#...
2#...
16
10 khng du
c du
c du
du phy
ng
gi_pht_
giy_miligiy
ngy_gi_
pht_giy_
miligiy
nm-thngngy
gi:pht:
giy.ngy
DW#16#...
B#...
(khng c)
L#...
(khng c)
S5T#.....
T#...
D#...
TOD#...
....
Bng 7.2
Phm vi tham s
0 n FF
0 n 1111_1111_1111_1111
0 n FFFF
0 n 999
(0,0) n (255,255)
0 n 1111_1111_1111_1111_
1111_1111_1111_1111
0000_0000 n FFFF_FFFF
(0,0,0,0) n (255,255,255,255)
-32768 n 32767
-2147483648 n +2147483647
ln hn 3,402823 e+38
nh hn 1.175495e-38
0H_0M_0S_10MS n
2H_46M_30S_0MS
-24D_20H_31M_23S_648MS
n
24D_20H_31M_23S_647MS
1990-1-1 n 2168-12-31
0:0:0.0 n 23:59:59.999
vit cc k t nh HA
82
Gio Trnh PLC
7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh

Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-300 c th c vit dng n
khi hoc a khi.
Chng trnh n khi
Cc khi c xp thnh lp. Mi khi c:
+ Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment)
thc hin tng cng on ca t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt
s dng lnh phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c
gi vo RLO (Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc
on cng nh hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr
RLO mi, khc vi gi tr RLO ca on trc.
+ Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BEU.
Cc loi khi:
* Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block)
Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin
chng trnh.
* Hm s FC (Functions)
Khi hm s FC l mt chng trnh do ngi s dng to ra hoc c th s
dng cc hm chun sn c ca SIEMENS.
* Khi hm FB (Function Block)
Khi hm l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh iu
khin ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho cc
khi v chng c mt nhm lnh m rng. Ngi s dng c th to ra cc
khi hm mi cho mnh, c th s dng cc khi hm sn c ca SIEMENS.
* Khi d liu: c hai loi l
83
Gio Trnh PLC
+ Khi d liu dng chung DB (Shared Data Block)

Khi d liu dng chung lu tr cc d liu chung cn thit cho vic x l
chng trnh iu khin.
+ Khi d liu ring DI (Instance Data Block)
Khi d liu dng ring lu tr cc d liu ring cho mt chng trnh no
cho vic x l chng trnh iu khin.
Ngoi ra trong PLC S7-300 cn hm h thng SFC (System Function) v
khi hm h thng SFB (System Function Block).
Xem phn ph lc
7.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn
1. Lnh LD v lnh A
I 0.0
I 0.1
I 0.2
Lp trnh dng STL.

LD
A
A
=
I
I
I
Q
Q1.0
( )
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
Hnh 7.4: Lnh LD v A
I 0.0
I 0.1
I 0.2
2. Lnh AN
Q1.0
( )
Lp trnh dng STL.

LD
AN
A
=
I
I
I
Q
Hnh 7.5: Lnh AN
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
I 0.0
Q1.0
( )
3. Lnh O
I 0.1
Lp trnh dng STL.

LD
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.0
I 0.2
Hnh 7.6: Lnh O
I 0.0
Q1.0
( )
4. Lnh ON
Lp trnh dng STL.
I 0.1
LD
0.0
ON
0.1
0.2
1.0
I 0.2
Hnh 7.7: Lnh ON
84
Gio Trnh PLC
5. Lnh OLD
LD
0.0
0.1
LD
0.2
I 0.0
Q1.0
( )
OLD
=
I 0.1
I 0.2
1.0
6. Lnh ALD
Hnh 7.8: Lnh OLD
Lp trnh dng STL.

LD
0.0
LD
0.1
0.2
1.0
I 0.0
I 0.1
Q1.0
( )
I 0.2
ALD
=
Hnh 7.9: ALD
7. Lnh LPS, LRD, LPP
I 0.0
Lp trnh dng STL

LD
I 0.1
Q0.0
( )
0.0
I 0.2
LD
0.1
I 0.3
0.2
LPS
( )
I 0.4
ALD
=
0.0
I 0.5
LRD
LD
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.2
Q0.2
( )
Hnh 7.10: LPS, LRD, LPP
ALD
=
Q0.1
LPP
85
Gio Trnh PLC

Ph lc 1
Cc phn mm lp trnh PLC
I. Lp trnh cho OMRON

1. Phn mm SYSWIN (cho OMRON)
1.1. Khi ng
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, bt cng tc ngun ca khi PLC.
2. Khi ng phn mm SYSWIN t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh
nh hnh P.1. Ca s mn hnh ban u c dng nh hnh P.2. Trong ca s c 2
thanh cng c h tr cho qu trnh son tho chnh l:
Hnh P.1: Khi ng phn mm SYSWIN
Thanh trn: ngoi mt s chc nng nh son tho vn bn bnh thng cn

mt s chc nng
son tho lnh nh ch
ra trn hnh P.3.
Thanh dc: Ln lt
t trn l: Con tr (
chn),
tip
im
thng h, thng kn,
thanh ni ngang, thanh
ni dc, cun dy
thng m, cun dy
thng ng, khi hm
(FUN), b thi gian
(TIM), b m (CNT),
Phn ghi
ch thch
Hnh P.2: Mn hnh ban u
86
Gio Trnh PLC
3. Kim tra mt s iu kin trc khi lp trnh:

LAD hoc STL
Chn network
Xo network
Kt ni
PLC Mode
V tr s t lnh
Hnh P.3: Mt s chc nng chnh
+ Kim tra xem my tnh c kt ni vi PLC cha. Khi my tnh

c kt ni vi PLC th
biu tng kt ni sng, nu
cha c kt ni th nhy
vo biu tng kt ni h
thng s t kt ni vi PLC.
+ Nu s kt ni
khng thc hin c c th
phi khai bo li cng nh
ch ra trn hnh P.4. (ng
dn
Project
\
Communications).
1.2. Son tho: Theo LAD
1. M mt file chng
Hnh P.4: Khai bo cng ghp ni
trnh mi hoc mt file
chng trnh c (ch
mc nh c mt file mi c m ra).
87
Gio Trnh PLC
2. Nhy chut tri vo khi mun chn (tip im, cun dy, khi hm....)
3. a con ch n v tr t lnh (v tr t en), nhy chut tri v vo a ch
lnh (u vo c cc a ch: 0, n 11; u ra c cc a ch: 1000, n
1007).
4. Khi cn ghi ch thch di mi lnh th chn lnh cn ghi ch thch, vo
hp SYM: ( pha di mn hnh nh ch ra trn hnh P.2) ghi nhng iu
cn ch thch, cu ch thch phi lin nhau (khng dng du cch) sau
chn Store.
5. Kt thc mt Network chn thm Network mt t biu tng nh ch ra
trn hnh P.3.
6. Nu son sai Network no th nh du v xo Network t biu tng
hnh P.3.
7. Tin hnh son tho
ht cc Network.
8. Kt thc chng
trnh phi c lnh
kt thc. Mun vo
lnh kt thc th
chn Netwoks v v
tr lnh kt thc,
chn FUN, nhy
vo v tr t lnh,
sau vo tn lnh
END(01) nh ch ra
trn hnh P.3, hoc
chn cc khi
mc Select sau
chn OK.
9. chng trnh
sang PLC chn
Hnh P.5: chng trnh sang PLC
Online \ Download
program to PLC nh trn hnh P.5.
Ch : Khi chng trnh sang PLC th PLC phi ang trng thi
MONITOR hoc trng thi PROGRAM (STOP/PRG). Mun chuyn i
cc trng thi trn th chn Shift + F10 hoc biu tng "PLC Mode" nh
hnh P.3.
10. chy chng trnh chn trng thi MONITOR hoc RUN t biu tng
"PLC Mode".
88
Gio Trnh PLC
2. S dng thit b lp trnh cm tay (cho OMRON)

2.1. Cu to thit b lp trnh cm tay
Thit b lp trnh cm tay c cc khi chnh nh hnh P.6.
PRO07
OMRON
Progrgamming Cosnole
Monitor
Run
Program
FUN
SFT
NOT
AND
OR
CNT
TR
*EM
AR
LD
OUT
TIM
EM
CH
CONT
EXT
CHG
SRCH
SET
DEL
MONT
RESET
INS
CLR
VER
WRITE
SHIFT
Hnh P.6: Ghp ni PLC vi thit b lp trnh cm tay
1. Mn hnh
2. Cng tc chn ch : c 3 ch
* PROGRAM: ch ny lp trnh hoc thc hin cc thay i
chng trnh.
* MONITOR: Ch ny thay i cc gi tr ca b m v thi
gian trong khi PLC vn ang vn hnh.
89
Gio Trnh PLC
* RUN: Ch ny chy chng trnh np trong PLC (khi PLC

ang ch ny th khng chng trnh mi sang PLC c).
3. Cc phm lnh
4. Cc phm s.
5. Cc phm hm.
2.2. Cc phm lnh
FUN
LD
OR
Cc lnh ng dng c bit
Lnh nhp cc tip im

vo chng trnh. (lnh bt
u mt Network).
SET
A
Lnh iu khin thi gian
CNT
Lnh iu khin b m
Lnh OR (ni song song)
NOT
Dng km vi cc lnh
LD, AND, OR, OUT
thc hin php nghch o
Lnh AND (ni ni tip)
TR
Thit lp cc r le tm thi
Lnh ra
AR
HR
Thit lp cc r le duy tr
AND
OUT
TIM
Ch th vn hnh ca b ghi
dch
Cc phm s 0 n 9
nhp s thp phn, hexa.
SHIFT
CLR
Dng thay i cc chc

nng ca cc phm nhiu
chc nng
Lnh xo trc khi lp
trnh
2.3. Th tc vo lnh:
1. Khi ng b lp trnh cm tay, cng tc chn ch ch
PROGRAM hoc ch MONITOR, vo PASSWORD (t kho) theo th t
sau:
CLR
CLR
MOMTR
2. Bt u chng trnh mi cn s dng lnh CLR xo chng trnh c.

3. Cc lnh c vo theo th t:
+ Tn lnh (cc lnh bt u mt NETWORK l lnh LD).
+ Tham s ca lnh: Khng cn vo cc s khng ng trc.
90
Gio Trnh PLC
+ Kt thc mt lnh l WRITE (vit vo PLC).

4. Kt thc mt chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc. Lnh kt thc vo theo
th t:
A
FUN
WRITE
V d: Chng trnh ca mt mch t duy tr dng LAD v STL nh hnh P.7:

LD
000.00
OR
010.00
AND NOT 000.01

OUT
010.00
END.
Cch vo chng trnh hnh
P.7 nh sau:
A
LD
CLR
OR
OUT
FUN
WRITE
0
B
1
AND
Hnh P.7: Mch t duy tr
WRITE
WRITE
1
A
0
B
NOT
WRITE
WRITE
6. chy chng trnh chuyn cng tc chn ch sang RUN.
91
Gio Trnh PLC
II. Lp trnh cho PLC - S5

S dng phn mm Step5 for Win.
1. Trnh t thao tc
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, (bt cng tc ngun khi th
nghim, PLC t trong khi th nghim), bt cng tc khi ngun PS ca PLC,
2. Chy trnh Step5 t fite chng trnh nh hnh P.8.
Mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P.9.
3. Vo File \ Project \ Set (phn ny c th t nhiu tham s, xem phn t
tham s trang 94). Cn t 3 tham s c bn.
+ Chn PLC \ Mode t ch Online (ch kt ni vi PLC).
+ Chn Blocks \ Representation t ch son tho STL.
Thc hin lnh trn n Shift F1

Thc hin lnh di n F1
Hnh P.8: Khi ng Step 5
Hnh P.9: Mn hnh ban u
+ Chn Blocks \ Program File to file mi, (nu cn m mt file c th

vo ng dn v tn file, nu s dng file ngay bui lm vic trc v chng
trnh trc y kt ni vi PLC th b qua bc ny) sau n Enter.
4. Vo ch son tho t Editor \ Step 5 Block...., hoc n F1 (Edit). Mn
hnh trc son tho c dng nh hnh P.10.
Trong :
Block list: Vo tn ca khi hoc nhiu khi son tho.
Confirm before overwriting: Nu c chn th khi ghi my s hi li khng
nh, khng chn th khi sa i c ghi ln ngay sau khi bm Enter.

Update assignment: Nu c chn th fite biu tng *ZO.INI thay i th fite
ngun *ZO.SEQ cng c iu chnh, nu khng chn th fite ngun *ZO.SEQ

khng c iu chnh.
92
Gio Trnh PLC
Update XRF: Nu c chn th fite *XR.INI cha tham chiu cho c iu
chnh hoc c to nu cha tn ti trc , nu khng chn th fite *XR.INI

cha tham chiu cho khng c iu chnh.
5. Trong mc
Source chn PLC
kt ni trc tip vi
PLC. Trong mc
Selection \ Block
list vo khi OB1
son tho (c th
vo cc khi khc
nu cn), trong mc
Options khng chn
nh hnh P.10 sau
chn Edit (n
Enter), nu lm vic
vi file mi th my
t ng vo lun
mn hnh Edit nh
Hnh P.10: Mn hnh trc son tho
hnh P.11b, nu lm
vic vi file c th my vo mn hnh Output nh hnh P.11a.
Mn hnh Output
Mn hnh Edit
a,
b,
Hnh P.11: Mn hnh son tho
Trong : hnh P.11a

F1 (Disp Symb): Cho php thay i hoc t tn k hiu (symb), ch thch cc
ton hng dng trong khi chng trnh ang son tho.
F2 (Reference): Hin th tham chiu cho.
F3 (Serach): Tm kim cc ton hng n l trong khi ang son tho.
93
Gio Trnh PLC
F5 (Seg Fct): Hin cc chc nng son tho cho php lm vic vi cc on ca
khi nh chp, xo, chn,...

F6 (Edit): Chuyn sang ch son tho.
F7 (Enter): Lu tr khi nu c s thay i hoc tr v menu chnh.
F8 (Cancel): Tr v menu chnh.
Shift-F1 (Addresses): Hin a ch tng i ca cc lnh trong khi (vi STL).
Shift-F2 (Lib no): Cho php vo s th vin.
Shift-F3 (Symb.OFF): Cho php hin th ton hng di dng tuyt i.
Shift-F4 (Symb Com): Cho php hin th dng ch thch k hiu cc ton hng.
Shift-F5 ( LAD ): Cho php chuyn i cc dng STL, CSF, LAD.
Shift-F6 (Seg com): Cho php vo son tho tiu v cc ch thch ca mi
on chng trnh trong khi nu c chn Wich Comments trang 2 (Blocks)

phn ph lc.
Shift-F7 (Save): Lu tr khi son tho vo file.
Shift-F1 (Help): Vo phn tr gip.
6. Nu ang mn hnh Output cn sa cha hoc son tho mi th chn F6

(Edit) vo mn hnh son tho Edit, vi chng trnh c nhiu on
(Segment) th n F5 (Seg Fct) sau n F1 (-1) hoc F2 (+1) chn cc on
trc hoc sau on hin thi.
7. Khi ang mn hnh son tho Edit c th tin hnh son tho:
+ vo mt cu lnh ta khng cn quan tm n cu trc m c th g lin
tc lin nhau, ht mt dng n Enter my s t ng chn vo cc k t trng
ngn cch.
+ Son tho ht mt on (segment) n F6 (Seg End) sang on mi.
+ Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh BE, n Enter v chn yes xc nhn
my s tr v mn hnh Output.
8. n Shift-F5 xem dng LAD v CSF. Nu chng trnh c nhiu on
(Segment) th n F5 (Seg Fct) sau n F1 (-1) hoc F2 (+1) xem ln lt ht
cc on trc hoc sau on hin thi.
9. n Shift-F7 ct chng trnh v chng trnh sang PLC, chn yes
xc nhn vic chng trnh ln chng trnh c trong PLC (khi ct th PLC
phi ch STOP).
2. t tham s cho vic son tho chng trnh.
Vo File \ Project \ Set ta s t cc tham s cn thit lin quan n vic son
tho chng trnh. Cc tham s ny c hin th trong 6 trang mn hnh, cc
trang mn hnh c th chuyn i bng con tr. Mi trang c cc phm chc
nng c th s dng nh:
94
Gio Trnh PLC
+ Edit F2: Vo ch son tho.

+ Select F3: Thay i tham s ti v tr con tr.
+ Project... F6: Ct tham s thay i.
+ Info F7: Hin thng tin v vng hin ti m ti c con tr.
+ Help Shift F8: Vo phn tr gip.
+ Enter: Chp nhn s thay i.
+ Cancel ESC: Gi nguyn trng thi c, tr v mn hnh trc .
*Trang 1 (PLC): nh hnh P.12
+ Mode: Chn ch ni vi
PLC (Online), v khng c PLC
(Offline).
+ PLC type: Loi PLC
+ Interface: Chn giao din.
+ Parameter: a ch cng
giao din.
+ Path name: t tn ng
dn ni kt. Nu c Path name v
Path file u t th h thng tm
cch thit lp hay dng vic ni kt
thng qua ng dn chn ny
mi khi c s thay i ch lm
vic.
Hnh P.12: Trang 1
+ Path file: Tn file cha

ng dn Path name.
*Trang 2 (Blocks): nh hnh P.13
+ Program File: Vo ng
dn, m file mi hoc m file c.
+ Representation: t ch
son tho STL, LAD, CSF.
+ STL addresses: a ch ca
STL.
Hnh P.13: Trang 2
+ With comments: Cho php n,

hin dng ch thch.
+ With Checksum: Kim tra vic truyn s liu ra PLC.

*Trang 3 (Symbols): nh hnh P.14
95
Gio Trnh PLC
+ Symbols file: t tn file

biu tng (*ZO.INI).
+ Assigment list: t tn ca
file danh sch (ZO.SEQ).
+ Symbol length: t di k
hiu biu tng, cho php t 8 n
24 k t.
+ Comment length: t di
dng ch thch, cho php nhiu
nht l 40 k t.
+ Display symbolic: Cho php
ton hng th hin di dng biu
Hnh P.14: Trang 3
tng (symbolic) hay dng tuyt

i (absolute).
+ Operands symbolic: Cho
php lp trnh c vi symbolic
operands.
*Trang 4 (Documetation): nh hnh
P.15.
+ Footer file: Vo tn file
cha cc thng tin cn thit cui
mi trang khi in v c to ra
trong Documentation.
Hnh P.15: Trang 4
+ Doc comm file: t tn file

(*SU.INI) cha cc lnh to ti
liu.
+ Printer file: t tn file
cha thng tin v tham s in c
chn trong menu Documentation
nh kch c giy, s dng trong
mi trang in, cng giao tip vi
my in...
+ Printer interface: Chn giao
din vi my in.
+ Documetation to: t ch
lm vic cho php in ti liu.
*Trang 5 (Options): hnh P.16
Hnh P.16: Trang 5
+ Project directory: nh th
mc lm vic.
96
Gio Trnh PLC
*Trang 6 (EFROM): nh hnh

P.17
+ SYSID file: t tn file
(*SD.INI) cha cc thng tin
nhn dng h thng cc khi
dng trong vic np EFROM.
Hnh P.17: Trang 6
III. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7-200

1. S dng phn mm Step7-200 for Win.
Thao tc chun b
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows,(bt cng tc ngun khi th
nghim, PLC lp thnh khi th nghim), bt cng tc khi ngun PS ca PLC,
2. Chy trnh Step7 t biu tng hoc t fite chng trnh nh hnh P.18.
Hnh P.18: Biu tng v ng dn file chng trnh Step7
mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P.19.
97
Gio Trnh PLC
3. Nu Project [CPU .....] c loi CPU khc th nhy nt phi chut vo

Project [CPU .....] chn li CPU.
4. Vo Fite m mt fite mi hoc fite c.
5. Vo View chn ch son tho STL (hoc LAD hoc FBD).
6. Tin hnh son tho chng trnh theo STL (nu son tho chng trnh
theo LAD th c th s dng cc khu, khi pha tri mn hnh son tho). Khi
son tho ch cn cch lnh v i tng lnh mt nhp (du cch), khng cn
ch ch in v ch thng, my s t dch v chnh ch cho ph hp. Trong qu
trnh son tho c th ghi cc ch thch nu cn.
7. Vo View xem li dng LAD (Ladder) hoc FBD.
8. Dch chng trnh t biu tng hoc t PLC \ compile, nu mun dch
c chng trnh th t PLC \ compile All. Khi dch chng trnh cc li s c
thng bo phn thng bo trng thi.
9. chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t File \ Download, c
th phi kim tra li cad ghp ni cho ph hp t Communications.
10. Mun ct, in chng trnh..., c th thc hin t biu tng hoc vo
File chn ch ct v ch in cn thit.
Nhy nt phi chn CPU
Dch chng trnh
chng trnh sang PLC
Phn son tho chng trnh
Phn thng bo trng thi
Vo kim tra cad ghp ni
98
Gio Trnh PLC
2. S dng phn mm Step7-200 for Dos.

Thao tc chun b:
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows.
2. Chy trnh S7-200 t biu tng hoc t fite chng trnh, mn hnh ch
bt u c dng nh
hnh P.20.
Trong :
EXIT-F1:
Thot.
SETUP-F2:
Chn ngn
ng, t c php cho
bin nh. Ch ngn
ng giao din ch
International.
ONLENE-F4:
Khi my
tnh c ni vi PLC.
COLOR-F6:
PGMS-F7:
Hnh P.20: Mn hnh bt u ca STEP7-Micro/Dos
Chn mu.
Chng trnh qun l fite.
OFLINE-F8:
Khi my tnh khng ni vi PLC.
Ch PID ch tn fite ang s dng.

3. Chn PGMS, n phm F7 (cc phn tip sau thao tc chn v n phm
c vit gn thnh PGMS-F7), vo chng trnh qun l fite m fite mi
hoc fite c. m fite mi chn DIR-F5 vo a, chn SELECT-F8 xc
nhn, n Enter hin cc th mc, chn th mc sau chn SELECT-F8
xc nhn, chn EXIT-F1 thot v mn hnh trc , t tn fite v chn
SELECT-F8 xc nhn, chn ABORT-F1 v mn hnh ban u, tn fite v
ng dn c thit lp.
4. Chn ch ONLINE-F4, ri xc nhn a ch cng ghp ni vi PLC.
5. n F7 chn ch son tho LAD hoc STL.
6. Chn EDIT-F2 vo ch son tho, pha di mn hnh son tho
c dng th mc hng dn cc cch v cc lnh son tho.
7a. Son tho vi STL dng hng dn c dng nh hnh P.21:
exit-f1
insnw-f2
delln-f4
insln-f5
delfld-f6
Hnh P.21: Dng hng dn son tho STL
Trong :
EXIT-F1:
thot v trang trc .
INSNW-F2:
Chn mt network pha trn con tr.
DELLN-F4:
Xa mt dng c con tr.

99
undo-f8
Gio Trnh PLC
INSLN-F5:
Chn mt dng pha trn con tr.
DELFLD-F6:
Xa tham s ni con tr.
S dng cc phm
v tr son tho.
v phm ENTER di chuyn con tr n
7b. Son tho vi LAD dng hng dn c dng nh hnh P.22: du cng
cui dng th hin th mc vn cn cn n phm Spacebar chuyn i.
exit-f1
-f2
-f3
RI
-f4
NOT -f5
) -f6
Box-f7
ENTER-f8 +
n phm Spacebar
horz-f1 vert-f2 horzd-f3 vertd-f4 delnet-f5 unique-f6 commnt-f7 insert-f8 +
Hnh P.22: Dng hng dn son tho LAD
Trong :
EXIT-F1:
Thot v trang mn hnh trc .
Cc phm F2 n F7 (dng trn) chn cc tip im, cun dy, hp.

ENTER-F8:
Xc nh mt network c son tho.
HORZ-F1:
k mt on ngang t v tr con tr sang phi.
VERT-F2:
k mt on dc t v tr con tr xung di.
HORZD-F3:
xa mt on ngang.
VERTD-F4:
xa mt on dc.
S dng cc phm
di chuyn con tr n v tr son tho.
Khi son xong mt tip im, hp... dng phm ENTER xc nhn.
Khi son xong mt network phi dng F8 xc nhn, nu dng ENTER
c ngha mun xung dng m rng (nhnh) cho network.
8. Chn EXIT-F1 tr v mn hnh trc .
9. Chn STL-F7 xem dng STL.
10. Chn WRITDK-F8 chng trnh sang PLC.
11. Mun in chng trnh, hoc thc hin cc thao tc la chn khc th
lm theo ch dn dng th mc cui mn hnh hoc vo phn Help.
100
Gio Trnh PLC
IV. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7-300

S dng phn mm S7-300.
1. Khi ng:
1. Khi ng my tnh
ch Windows, (bt cng tc
ngun ca khi th nghim) bt
cng tc ngun ca khi ngun
PS ca PLC, cng tc ca khi
CPU v tr STOP.
Biu tng
2. Khi ng phn mm
Step7 t biu tng hoc t file
chng trnh nh hnh P.23.
1.2. Ci t phn cng:
1. Cng tc ca CPU phi
ch STOP.
2. Vo File to mt
th mc chng trnh mi (hoc
m mt th mc chng trnh
c) (v mt chng trnh ca S7300 l c mt th mc "Project").
Mt chng trnh ca S7-300 s c
dng nh hnh P.24 (khi to ).
Nu m mt th mc chng trnh
c sn chng trnh th c th
b qua mt s bc sau.
Hnh P.23: ng dn khi ng Step 7
3. M th mc chng trnh
"Project" chn phn cng t
insert / Station / Simatic 300
Station.
Hnh P.24: Cu trc chng trnh Step 7
4. M th mc Simatic
300(1) ci t phn cng.
5. M th mc Hardware
bt u ci t phn cng,
mn hnh ban u ci t
phn cng c dng nh hnh
P.25.
Nhy vo du "+"
m khi
Phn th hin
tham s khi
6. Nhy vo du "+" ca
SIMATIC 300 chn ln lt
cc khi ca cu hnh cng.
(chn theo cc khi hin c ca
Hnh P.25: Hng dn ci t phn cng
101
Gio Trnh PLC
khi th nghim). Cc khi thc trn PLC nh trn hnh P.26.

Phi nhy vo du "+" m chng trnh.
+ Chn gi :
Chn
RACK300 v chn
Rail.
+ Chn khi
ngun: Chn PS300 (v chn
PS307 5A).
+ Chn khi
CPU:
Chn
CPU-300
v
chn CPU 314,
chn loi c
tham s (c
ch ra phn th
hin tham s
a ch cad ghp ni
hnh P.26) nh
a ch khi vo
a ch khi ra
tham s ca CPU
Hnh P.26: Cc khi c chn
hin c (c ch
ra dng trn
cng v dng di cng ca CPU trn khi th nghim). Ring trong bi th
nghim ny phn mm khng c loi m hiu 6ES7314-1AE04-0AB0 nn chn
loi 6ES7 314-1AE03-0AB0 thay th.
+ B qua khi b thiu: IM (Interfare) nm trn dng s 3 ca Rail.
+ Chn cc khi vo ra: Chn SM-300 v ln lt chn cc khi vo ra theo
ng m hiu c ghi trn dng u v dng cui mi khi.
+ Chn khi ghp ni: CP-300 v chn CP340 RS 232C. Khi ghp ni ny
ghp ni vi cc thit b ngoi. Mn hnh sau khi chn khi c dng nh hnh
P.26
7. cu hnh sang PLC t PLC \ Download hoc biu tng, nhn OK

xc nhn a ch gi (Rack), a ch CPU v a ch cng ghp ni.
3. Son tho chng trnh:
1. Tr v th mc chng trnh chnh "Project", xc nhn vic ct cu hnh
cng vi file.
2. M th mc chng trnh chnh "Project" chn chng trnh son
tho vo t insert / Program / S7 Program.
3. M th mc S7 Program, trong s c cc th mc: Source File,
Symbols, Blocks.
102
Gio Trnh PLC
4. M th mc Blocks, nu cn th chn thm cc khi (Blocks) cn thit

khc cho chng trnh t insert / S7 Blocks.
5. M khi OB1 (bi ny ch lp trnh trn khi OB1), chn kiu lp trnh
STL t Language (c th chn kiu lp trnh khc) ri chn OK. Mn hnh lp
trnh c dng nh hnh P.27.
6. C th chn
ch online kt
ni trc tip vi PLC
hoc offline khng
ni trc tip vi PLC,
chn ch offline
khi son xong chng
trnh phi sang
PLC.
7. C th t
tn cho khi, tn cho
on (Networks) v
cc ch thch nu cn.
8. Tin hnh
son tho, khi son
tho ch cn cch m
lnh v i tng
lnh mt nhp my s
t ng dch khong
cch cho ph hp.
Chn online hoc offline sang PLC
Chn Network mi
Phn vit tn khi

Phn ch thch khi
Phn vit tn Network
Phn ch thch Network
Phn son tho chng trnh
9. Son tho ht mt Networks th chn thm Networks mi t biu tng

hoc insert / Network.
10. Xem li dng LAD hoc FBD t View / LAD hoc View / FBD.
11. Son tho xong chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t PLC /
Download kim tra, khi chng trnh PLC phi trng thi STOP.
Ch : Khi lp trnh c th cc k hiu khng ng (khng lp trnh c,
chng hn g a ch I 0.0 bo li, g M 0.0 th nhn) l do chn ngn ng
khng ng. kim tra ngn ng lm nh sau:
+ T mn hnh son tho nh hnh P.27 chn Options/Customize... ta
c ca s nh hnh P.28.
+ Trong ca s Editor hnh P.28, hp kim Mnemonics phi l
Internectiona nh hnh P.28a. nu trong hp kim Mnemonics l SMATIC nh
hnh P.28b l sai ngn ng (dng ting c). Mun i ngn ng c th lp
trnh c ta phi quay li mn hnh ban u nh hnh P.24 v tin hnh cc
bc:
103
Gio Trnh PLC
a,
b,
Hnh P.28
+ T mn hnh P.24 chn Options/Customize... ta c ca s ca mn

hnh Customize nh
hnh P.29. Trong mn
hnh Customize ca
s Language ti hp
kim Language phi
chn english, ti hp
kim Mnemonics phi
chn English nh hnh
P.29 sau nhn OK.
Hnh P.29
104
Gio Trnh PLC

Ph lc 2
BNG LNH CA CC PHN MM PLC
i. Bng lnh ca PLC - CpM1A

TT
Tn lnh
AND
Nhn logic trng thi ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
And ld
Nhn logic cc kt qu ca cc khi xc nh.
And not
Nhn logic gi tr o ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
Cnt
m li.
Ld
Khi ng mt dy lnh vi trng thi ca bit xc nh hoc

nh ngha mt khi logic c dng vi ANDLD hoc
ORLD.
Ld not
Khi ng mt dy lnh vi nghch o ca bit xc nh.
Or
Cng logic trng thi ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
Or ld
Cng kt qu ca cc khi nh trc.
Or not
Cng logic nghch o bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
10
Out
a ra cng ra gi tr ca bit thc hin.
11
Out
not
a ra cng ra gi tr nghch o ca bit thc hin
12
Tim
Qu trnh thi gian tr ON
13
Nop
Khng thc hin g c, qu trnh chuyn sang lnh bn cnh.
14
End
Lnh kt thc chng trnh.
15
IL
16
Ilc
Nu iu kin kho cho l OFF tt c cc u ra l OFF v

ton b thi gian (time) s phc hi gia IL ny (02) v IL
khc (03). Cc lnh khc c iu hnh nh l lnh NOP
(00), b m vn duy tr.
17
Jmp
18
Jme
19
Fal
Pht mt li khng tin nh v cho ra s FAL vo b lp trnh

cm tay.
20
Fals
Pht mt li tin nh v cho ra s FALS vo b lp trnh cm

tay.
21
Step
Khi dng vi bit iu khin s xc nh im bt u mt

bc mi v phc hi (R) bc trc . Khi khng dng vi
bit iu khin s xc nh im cui ca vic thc hin bc.
M t
Nu iu kin nhy b tt (OFF) tt c cc lnh gia JMP (04)

v JME (05) tng ng b b qua.
105
Gio Trnh PLC
TT
Tn lnh
22
snxt
Dng vi mt bit iu khin ch ra kt thc bc, phc hi

bc v bt u bc tip theo.
23
Set
To ra b ghi dch bit.
24
Keep
Xc nh mt bit nh l mt cht iu khin bi cc u vo

t v phc hi.
25
Cntr
Tng hoc gim s m bi mt trong s cc tn hiu vo tng

hoc gim chuyn t OFF sang ON.
26
Difu
Bt (On) bit xc nh cho mt chu k ti sn trc ca xung

vo.
27
Difd
Nhn logic trng thi ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
28
Timh
B thi gian tc cao c tr.
29
Wsft
Dch chuyn d liu gia cc t u v cui trong nhm t,

vit 0 vo t u.
30
Cmp
So snh ni dung ca 2 t v a ra kt qu vo cc c GR,

EQ, LE.
31
Mov
Chp d liu ngun (t hoc hng s) vo t ch.
32
Mvn
o d liu ngun (t hoc hng s) sau chp n vo t

ch
33
Bin
Chuyn d liu 4 s dng BCD trong t ngun thnh d liu

nh phn 16 bit v a d liu c chuyn vo t kt qu.
34
Bcd
Chuyn d liu nh phn trong t ngun thnh BCD sau

a d liu chuyn m ra t kt qu.
35
Asl
Dch tng bt trong t n ca d liu v bn tri c CY
36
Asr
Dch tng bt trong t n ca d liu v bn phi c CY
37
Rol
Quay cc bt trong t n ca d liu mt bt v bn tri c

CY
38
Ror
Quay cc bt trong t n ca d liu mt bt v bn phi c

CY
39
Com
o trng thi bt ca mt t d liu.
40
Add
Cng 2 gi tr BCD 4 s vi ni dung ca CY v a kt qu

n t ghi kt qu c bit.
41
Sub
Tr mt gi tr BCD 4 s v CY t mt gi tr BCD 4 bit khc

v a kt qu
M t
106
Gio Trnh PLC
TT
Tn lnh
42
Mul
Nhn 2 gi tr BCD 4 s v a kt qu ti t kt qu c bit.
43
div
Chia s BCD 4 s cho s b chia BCD 4 s v a kt qu ti

t kt qu c bit.
44
Andw
Nhn logic 2 t vo 16 bit v c bit tng ng vo t kt qu

nu cc bit tng ng trong cc t vo u ON.
45
Orw
Cng logic 2 t vo 16 bit v t bit tng ng vo t kt qu

nu cc bit tng ng trong d liu vo l ON.
46
Xorw
Cng (EXNOR) 2 t 16 bit v t bit vo t kt qu khi cc bit

tng ng trong cc t vo c trng thi khc nhau.
47
Xnrw
Cng o (EXNOR) 2 t 16 bit v t bit vo t kt qu khi

cc bit tng ng trong cc t vo c cng trng thi.
48
Inc
Tng t BCD 4 s ln 1 n v.
49
Dec
Gim t BCD 4 s i 1 n v.
50
Stc
t c mang sang (bt ON, CY)
51
Clc
Xo c mang sang (tt OF, CY)
52
Trsm
Khi u vit d liu khng dng vi CQM1-CPU 11/21-E.
53
msg
Hin th thng bo 16 v tr tn b lp trnh.
54
Adb
Cng 2 gi tr Hexa 4 s vi ni dung ca CY v gi kt qu

ti t kt qu xc nh.
55
Sbb
Tr gi tr Hexa 4 s cho mt gi tr Hexa 4 s, CY v gi kt

qu ti t kt qu.
56
Mlb
Nhn 2 s tr Hexa 4 s v gi kt qu ti t kt qu xc nh.
57
Dvb
Chia s tr Hexa 4 s cho s Hexa 4 s v gi kt qu ti t

kt qu xc nh
58
Addl
Cng 2 gi tr 8 s (2 tr mt) v ni dung ca CY v gi kt

qu ti cc t kt qu xc nh.
59
Subl
Tr gi tr BCD 8 s cho mt gi tr BCD 8 s v CY v gi

kt qu vo t kt qu.
60
Mull
Nhn 2 gi tr BCD 8 s v gi kt qu vo cc t kt qu xc
nh.
61
Divl
Chia s BCD 8 s cho s BCD 8 s v gi kt qu n cc t

kt qu xc nh.
62
Binl
Chuyn gi tr BCD thnh cc t nh phn ngun lin kt v

a d liu chuyn i n 2 t kt qu lin tip.
M t
107
Gio Trnh PLC
TT
Tn lnh
63
Bcdl
Chuyn gi tr nh phn thnh hai t BCD ngun lin tip v

a d liu chuyn i n 2 t kt qu lin tip.
64
XFer
Chuyn 1 s ni dung t ngun lin tip thnh t ch lin

tip.
65
Bset
Sao chp ni dung 1 t hoc 1 hng s thnh mt s t lin

tip.
66
Root
Bnh phng (khai cn) ca gi tr BCD 8 s v a ra kt qu

s nguyn 4 ch s ct ngt v gi kt qu ra 1 t nh
trc.
67
Xchg
Trao i ni dung ca hai t khc nhau.
68
@colm
Chp 16 bit ca mt t xc nh vo mt ct bit ca cc t 16

bit lin tip.
69
Cps
So snh hai gi tr nh phn 16 bit (4 s) nh du v a

kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE.
70
Cpsl
So snh hai gi tr nh phn 32 bit (8 s) nh du v a

kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE.
71
@dbs
Chia 1 gi tr nh phn 16 bit nh du cho mt gi tr khc

v a kt qu nh phn 32 bit nh du vo t R n R+1.
72
@dbsl
Chia 1 gi tr nh phn 32 bit nh du cho mt gi tr khc

v a kt qu nh phn 64 bit nh du vo t R+3 n R.
73
@fCS
Kim tra li trong d liu truyn bi lnh Host link.
74
@fpd
Tm li trong cm cc lnh.
75
@hex
Chuyn i d liu ASCII thnh d liu hexa.
76
@hky
Vo d liu hexa n 8 s t bn 16 phm.
77
@hms
Chuyn i d liu giy (s) thnh d liu gi (h) v pht

(mm).
78
@line
Chp mt bit ca cm 16 t lin tip vo t xc nh.
79
@max
Tm gi tr cc i trong khng gian d liu xc nh v a

gi tr ny ti t khc.
80
@mbs
Nhn ni dung nh phn nh du ca hai t v a kt qu

nh phn 8 bit nh du vo R+1 v R.
81
@mbsl
Nhn hai gi tr nh phn 32 bit (8 s) nh du v a kt

qu nh phn 16 bit nh du vo R+3 n R.
82
@min
Tm gi tr cc tiu trong khng gian d liu xc nh v a

gi tr ny vo t khc.
M t
108
Gio Trnh PLC
TT
Tn lnh
83
@neg
Chuyn i ni dung hexa 4 ch s ca t ngun thnh phn

b modul 2 ca n v a kt qu vo R.
84
@negl
Chuyn i ni dung hexa 8 ch s ca t ngun thnh phn

b modul 2 ca n v a kt qu vo R v R+1.
85
Pid
(Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) th hin iu khin PID da trn cc

thng s xc nh.
86
@pls2
(Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) Tng tc xung ra t 0 ti tn s

ch.
87
@pwm
(Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) a ra cng mt v hai cc xung c

t s lun phin xc nh (0%-99%).
88
@rxd
Nhp d liu thng qua cng lin lc.
89
@scl2
(Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) Chuyn i tuyn tnh mt gi tr

hexa 4 s nh du thnh gi tr s BCD 4 ch s.
90
@scl3
(Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) Chuyn i tuyn tnh mt gi tr

BCD 4 ch s thnh gi tr hexa 4 ch s nh du.
91
@sec
Chuyn i d liu gi (h) v pht (mm) thnh d liu giy

(s).
92
@sbbl
Tr i mt gi tr nh phn 8 ch s (bnh thng hoc nh

du) tr gi tr khc v a kt qu ra R v R+1.
93
@srch
Kim tra phm vi xc nh ca b nh dng cho d liu xc

nh. a cc a ch t cc t trong phm vi cha d liu.
94
@sum
Tnh tng ni dung cc t trong phm vi xc nh ca b nh.
95
@xfrb
Chp trng thi ca nhiu nht l 255 bit ngun xc nh vo

cc bt ch xc nh.
96
@zcp
So snh mt t vi mt di xc nh bi gii hn thp v cao

v a kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE.
97
zcpl
So snh mt gi tr 8 ch s vi mt di xc nh bi cc gii
hn thp v cao sau a kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE.
98
SLD
Dch tri d liu gia cc t u v cui mt ch s (4 bit) v

bn tri.
99
SRD
Dch phi d liu gia cc t u v cui mt ch s (4 bit) v

bn phi.
100 MLPX
M t
Chuyn i 4 ch s hexa trong t ngun thnh gi tr thp

phn t 0 n 15 v ghi vo cc t hoc cc bit kt qu c v
tr tng ng vi gi tr c chuyn i.
109
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
101 DMPX
Xc nh v tr ON cao nht trong t ngun v chuyn cc bit

tng ng vo t kt qu.
102 SDEC
Chuyn gi tr hexa t ngun n d liu cho hin th 7 thanh.
103 DIST
Chuyn mt t ca d liu ngun n t cui m a ch ca

n c cho bi t cui cng vi OFF SET.
104 COLI
Li d liu t ngun v vit n vo t cui.
105 MOVB
Truyn bit xc nh ca t hoc bng s ngun n bit xc

nh ca t cui.
106 MOVD
Chuyn ni dung hexa ca cc ch s ngun 4 bit xc nh

n cc ch s cui xc nh, ti a l 4 ch s .
107 SFTR
Dch d liu trong tng ngun hoc ch cui cc t ngun xc

nh v bn tri hoc bn phi.
108 TCMP
So snh gi tr hexa 4 ch s vi gi tr trong bng gm 16 t.
109 ASC
Chuyn i cc gi tr hexa t ngun thnh m ASII 8 bit bt

u ti na tn cng bn tri hoc phi ca t u xc nh.
110 SBS
Gi v thc hin chng trnh con.
111 SBN
nh du bt u ca chng trnh con.
112 RET
Kt thc ca chng trnh con v tr v chng trnh chnh.
113 IORF
Lm ti tt c u vo v ra gia t u v t cui.
114 MaCRO
Gi v thc hin chng trnh con thay th cc t vo ra.
115 @ASFT
To mt b ghi dch trao i ni dung ca cc t lin kt

khi mt trong cc t l 0.
116 @MCMP So snh mt cm 16 t lin tip vi mt cm 16 t lin tip

khc.
117 @RXD
o d liu thng qua mt cng lin lc (cng COM).
118 @TXD
Gi d liu thng qua mt cng lin lc.
119 CMPL
So snh 2 i lng hexa 8 ch s.
120 @INI
Khi ng v dng qu trnh m, so snh v chuyn PV ca

b m, dng u ra xung.
121 @PRV
c PV ca b m v d liu trng thi cho b m c tc

cao nht.
122 @CTBL
So snh PV ca b m v pht mt bn trc tip hoc l khi

ng qu trnh chy.
110
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
123 @SPED
a ra cc xung vi tn s xc nh (10Hz - 50kHz trong cc

b 10Hz) tn s ra c th thay i trong khi cc xung ang
c a ra.
124 @PULS
a ra mt s xc nh cc xung c tn s xc nh, u ra
xung khng dng cho n khi s lng xung c a ra
ht.
125 @SCL
Th hin s i thang o cho gi tr tnh ton.
126 @BCNT
m tng s cc bit ang chy (ON) trong cm t xc nh.
127 @BCMP
Quyt nh xem gi tr ca mt t c nm trong phm vi xc

nh bi gii hn di v trn.
128 @STIM
iu khin Time khong dng cho cc ngt th tc.
129 DSW
a vo d liu BCD 4 hoc 8 ch s t mt chuyn mch s.
130 7SEG
Chuyn d liu BCD 4 hoc 8 ch s thnh dng hin th 7

thanh.
131 @INT
Th hin iu khin v ngt nh l mt n hoc khng mt n

cc bit ngt cho cc ngt vo ra.
132 @ACC
Cho (CQM1-CPV43-E) cng vi PVLS (-) ACC (-) iu khin

tng tc v gim tc cc xung ra t cng 1 v 2.
133 @ABDL
Cng hai gi tr nh phn 8 ch s (d kin thng hoc ng

du) v a kt qu ra R v R+1.
134 @APR
Th hin cc php tnh sin, cosin hoc cc tim cn tuyn tnh.
135 AVG
Cng mt s xc nh cc t hexa v tnh gi tr chnh, quay

du thp phn i mt khong 4 ch s.
111
Gio Trnh PLC
2. Bng lnh ca PLC - S5 (Siemens - Ty c)

TT
Tn lnh
M t
2.1. Cc lnh c bn: (S dng vi khi OB, PB, FB, SB)

2.1.1. Nhm lnh i s logic Bool
Dng ng ngoc biu thc m ngoc trc , lnh ny

khng c i tng.
A(
AN
n Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch

o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo
RLO.
n Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im

n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
O(
ON
n Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca

im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton

n Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch
o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo
RLO.
2.1.2. Lnh set, reset
n Ni dung ca RLO hin hnh c gn cho i tng n.
n Nu ni dung ca RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 0 s c gn

cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay
i.
10 S
n Nu ni dung RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 1 s c gn cho

i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i.
2.1.3. Lnh np v truyn
11 L
n Ni dung ca i tng lnh (n v byte) c sao chp vo

ACCU1 khng ph thuc vo RLO, ni dung trc ca
ACCU1 chuyn sang ACCU2.
12 LD
n Np ni dung i tng n (dng m BCD) vo ACCU1 khng

ph thuc RLO.
13 T
n Ni dung ca ACCU1 truyn cho i tng n (n v byte)

khng ph thuc RLO, v d truyn cho vng m u ra.
112
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
2.1.4 Lnh v thi gian
14 R
T Xo b thi gian nu RLO = 1
15 SD
B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi

gian t, khi RLO v 0 th b thi gian v khng ngay.
16 SE
B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy

tr thi gian t, khng ph thuc RLO na.
17 SF
B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO, khi RLO v khng th

b thi gian cn duy tr mt khong thi gian bng thi gian
t.
18 SP
B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy

tr cho n khi t thi gian t (RLO=1), khi RLO =0 th
b thi gian v 0 ngay.
19 SS
B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi

gian t v khng ph thuc RLO na, n ch v khng khi c
lnh xo R.
2.1.5. Lnh ca b m
20 CD
S m gim 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph

thuc RLO na.
21 CU
S m tng 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph

thuc RLO na.
22 R
Xo b m nu RLO = 1
23 S
t b m nu RLO = 1
2.1.6. Cc lnh ton hc
24 !=F
So snh bng nhau ca hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2

(dng bit)
25 +F
Cng ni dung hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu np

vo ACCU1 (lnh ny ch c STL).
26 <=F
So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c nh hn

hay bng ACCU1 khng ?
27 <F
So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c nh hn

ACCU1 khng ?
28 ><F
So snh i tng lnh trong hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2

xem c khc nhau khng ?
29 >=F
So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c ln hn

hay bng ACCU1 khng ?
113
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
30 >F
So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c ln hn

ACCU1 khng ?
31 -F
Tr ni dung thanh ghi ACCU1 vi ni dung thanh ghi

ACCU2, kt qu np vo ACCU1 (lnh ny ch c STL).
2.1.7. Cc lnh gi khi.
32 C
33 G
Gi khi d liu DB, khng ph thuc vo RLO, qut chng

trnh khng b gin on, RLO khng b nh hng.
To lp hoc xo khi d liu c lp vi RLO.
34 JC
Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu RLO =1.
35 JU
Nhy sang lm vic khi n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO

khng b nh hng.
2.1.8. Cc lnh kt thc.
36 BE
Lnh kt thc khi.
37 BEC
Lnh kt thc c iu kin gia khi (RLO=1)
38 BEU
Lnh kt thc khng iu kin gia khi, khng ph thuc

RLO.
2.1.9. Cc lnh khng.
39 NOP
M lnh 16 bit trong RAM u bng 0 ( gi ch).
40 NOP
2.1.10. Lnh dng
41 STP
Lnh dng cui chng trnh, b PLC i vo trng thi ngh.
2.2. Cc lnh thay th (ch dng vi khi FB)

2.2.1. Cc lnh i s logic Bool thay th.
42 A=
Lnh AND thay th.
43 AN=
Lnh AND o thay th.
44 AW
T hp tng bit theo lut logic AND.
45 DO=
Lnh DO thay th.
46 O=
Lnh OR thay th.
47 ON=
Lnh OR o thay th.
48 OW
T hp tng bit theo lut logic OR.
49 XOR
T hp tng bit theo lut logic OR c bit.
114
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
2.2.2. Cc lnh v bit.
50 RU
51 SU
t mt bit v iu kin.
52 TB
Trc nghim bit cho trng thi tn hiu 1
53 TBN
Trc nghim bit cho trng thi tn hiu 0.
2.2.3. Lnh set, reset thay th.
54 ==
Lnh gn thay th.
55 RB=
Lnh xo i tng lnh hnh thc.
56 RD=
Lnh xo i tng lnh hnh thc dng s.
57 S=
Lnh t i tng lnh hnh thc.
2.2.4. Cc lnh v thi gian v m.
58 FR=
Lnh kh thi thay th.
59 SD=
Lnh khi ng b thi gian bt u tr hnh thc.
60 SEC=
Khi ng b thi gian m rng hoc b m.
61 SFD=
Lnh khi ng b thi gian tt tr hoc b m xung.
62 SP=
Lnh khi ng b thi gian xung hnh thc.
63 SSU=
Lnh khi ng b thi gian bt u tr.
2.2.5. Cc lnh np v truyn.
64 L=
Lnh np thay th.
65 LD=
Lnh np i tng hnh thc dng c s BCD.
66 LW=
Lnh np mu bit ca i tng lnh hnh thc.
67 T=
Lnh truyn i tng lnh hnh thc.
2.2.6. Cc lnh chuyn i.
68 CFW
Ni dung ACCU1 c chuyn i tng bit mt.
69 CSW
B sung cho 2.
2.2.7. Cc lnh dch chuyn.
70 SLW
Dy bit trong ACCU1 dch sang tri.
71 SRW
Dy bit trong ACCU1 dch sang phi.
2.2.8. Cc lnh nhy.
72 JC=
Nhy c iu kin (RLO=1)
73 JM=
Nhy nu kt qu l m (CC1=0, CC0=1).

115
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
74 JN=
Nhy nu kt qu l (0,0) (CC1=1, CC0=0).
75 JO=
Nhy khi c trn.
76 JP=
Nhy nu kt qu l dng (CC1=1, CC0=0).
77 JU=
Nhy khng iu kin.
78 JZ=
Nhy nu kt qu l 0 (CC1=0, CC0=0)
2.2.9. Cc lnh khc.
79 D
Gim ni dung trong ACCU1.
80 DO
X l t c hoc t d liu.
81 FR
T
C
Tc ng vo TIME hoc COUTER c khi khng c bin i

sn khi ng b thi gian, t mt b m m ln hoc
m xung.
82 I
Tng ni dung trong ACCU1.
83 IA
Lnh cm ngt.
84 LRS
Np min d liu h thng (np min RS... vo ACCU1).
85 RA
Cho php ngt.
2.2.10. Nhm lnh h thng.
86 ADD
Lnh cng mt hng s.
87 JC
Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu RLO =1.
88 JU
Nhy sang lm vic khi n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO

khng b nh hng.
89 LIR
Lnh np gin tip thanh ghi.
90 RU
91 STS
Lnh dng tc khc.
92 SU
t mt bit v iu kin.
93 TAK
Lnh trao i ni dung thanh ghi.
94 TIR
Lnh truyn gin tip thanh ghi.
95 TNB
Lnh truyn mt trng d liu.
116
Gio Trnh PLC
3. Bng lnh ca PLC - S7-200 (Siemens - Ty c)

TT
Tn lnh
M t
3.1. Cc lnh thc hin v iu kin

1
Gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp c sao chp

sang im n ch dn trong lnh.
=I
Gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp c sao chp trc

tip sang im n ch dn ngay khi lnh c thc
hin.
Gi tr bt u tin ca ngn xp c thc hin bng

php tnh AND vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt
qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp.
AB<=
n1,n2
Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin

trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr byte n1 khng
ln hn gi tr ca byte n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo
bit u tin ca ngn xp.
AB=
n1,n2

trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr ca hai byte n1
v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit
u tin ca ngn xp.
AB>=
n1,n2

trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr ca hai byte n1
v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit
u tin ca ngn xp.
AD<=
n1,n2

trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t
kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp.
AD>=
n1,n2

kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c
AD=
n1,n2

kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c
10
AI
Lnh AND c thc hin tc thi gia gi tr ca bt

u tin trong ngn xp vi im n c ch dn. Kt
qu c ghi li vo bit u ca ngn xp.
117
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
11
ALD
Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin v

ca bit th hai trong ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi li
vo bit u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li trong
ngn xp c ko ln mt bit.
12
AN

trong ngn xp vi gi tr nghch o ca im n
trong ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin
ca ngn xp.
13
ANI
Thc hin tc thi lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u

tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr nghch o ca im n
trong ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin
ca ngn xp.
14
AR<=
n1,n2(5)

trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai s
thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li
vo bit u tin ca ngn xp.
15
AR=
n1,n2(5)

thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li
16
AR>=
n1,n2(5)

thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li
17
AW<=
n1,n2

n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo
18
AW=
n1,n2

n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo
19
AW>=
n1,n2

n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo
118
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
20
CTU
Cxx,PV Khi ng b m tin theo sn ln tn hiu u

vo. B m c t li trng thi ban u (Reset)
nu u vo R ca b m c kch.
21
CTUD
Cxx,PV Khi ng b m tin theo sn ln tn hiu u vo

th nht v m li theo sn ln tn hiu th hai. B
m c t li trng thi ban u (Reset) nu u
vo R ca b m c kch.
22
ED
t gi tr logic 1 vo bit u tin ca ngn xp khi

xut hin sn xung ca tn hiu.
23
EU
t gi tr logic 1 vo bit u tin ca ngn xp khi

xut hin sn ln ca tn hiu.
24
LD
Np gi tr logic ca im n ch dn trong lnh vo

25
LDB<=
n1,n2
Bit u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni

dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
26
LDB=
n1,n2

dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1= n2.
27
LDB>=
n1,n2

dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
28
LDD=
n1,n2

dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1= n2.
29
LDD>=
n1,n2

dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
30
LDI
Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic ca tip im n ch dn

trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn xp.
31
LDN
Lnh np gi tr logic nghch o ca tip im n ch

dn trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn xp.
32
LDNI
Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic nghch o ca tip

im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn
xp.
33
LDR<=
n1,n2(5)
Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu

ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
34
LDR=
n1,n2(5)

ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2.
35
LDR>=
n1,n2(5)

ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
119
Gio Trnh PLC
TT
Tn lnh
M t
36
LDW<= n1,n2(5)

ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
37
LDW=
n1,n2(5)

ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2.
38
LDW>= n1,n2(5)

ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
39
LPP
Ko ni dung ca ngn xp ln mt bit. Gi tr mi

ca bit trn l gi tr c ca bit di, su ca ngn
xp gim i mt bit.
40
LPS
Sao chp gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp vo bit

th hai. Ni dung cn li ca ngn xp b y xung
mt bit.
41
LRD
Sao chp gi tr ca bit th hai vo bit u tin trong

ngn xp. Cc gi tr cn li ca ngn xp gi
nguyn.
42
MEND
43
NOT
44
Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp

vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo
bit u tin trong ngn xp.
45
OB<=
n1,n2

vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho
mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong
ngn xp.
46
OB=
n1,n2

mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong
ngn xp.
47
OB>=
n1,n2

mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong
ngn xp.
48
OD<=
n1,n2

vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2
tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin
trong ngn xp.
(1) (2)
Kt thc phn chng trnh trong mt vng qut.

o gi tr ca bit u tin trong ngn xp.
120
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
49
OD=
n1,n2

tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin
trong ngn xp.
50
OD>=
n1,n2

tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin
trong ngn xp.
51
OI
Thc hin tc thi ton t OR gia bit u tin ca

ngn xp vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c
ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp.
52
OLD
53
ON

vi gi tr logic nghch o ca im n ch dn trong
lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn
xp.
54
ONI
Thc hin tc thi ton t OR gia bit u tin ca

ngn xp vi gi tr logic nghch o ca im n ch
dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin
trong ngn xp.
55
OR<=
n1,n2(5)

vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn
n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u trong ngn
xp.
56
OR=
n1,n2(5)

n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u trong ngn
xp.
57
OR>=
n1,n2(5)

n1 n2. Kt qu ghi li vo bit u trong ngn xp.
58
OW<=
n1,n2(5)

vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1
n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u trong ngn xp.
Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u v bit th hai trong

ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong
ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li ca ngn xp c
chuyn ln mt bit.
121
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
59
OW=
n1,n2(5)

vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 =
60
OW>=
n1,n2(5)

vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1
61
RET
(1) (3) (4)
Lnh thot khi chng trnh con v tr iu khin

chng trnh gi n.
62
RETI
(2) (3) (4)
Lnh thot khi chng trnh x l ngt (interrupt)

v tr iu khin chng trnh chnh.
3.2. Cc lnh c iu kin

63
*R
IN1,
IN2(5)
64
/R
IN1,
IN2(5)
65
+D
IN1,
IN2
66
+I
IN1,
IN2
67
+R
IN1,
IN2
68
ANDD
(5)
IN1,
IN2
69
ANDW
IN1,
IN2
70
ATCH
INT,
EVENT
71
ATH
IN,
OUT,
LEN
72
ATT
Thc hin php nhn hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2.

Thc hin php chia hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2.
Thc hin php cng hai s nguyn kiu t kp IN1
v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
Thc hin php cng hai s nguyn kiu t IN1 v
IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
Thc hin php cng hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2.
Thc hin ton t AND gia cc gi tr kiu t kp
IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
Thc hin ton t AND gia cc gi tr kiu t IN1 v
Khai bo chng trnh x l ngt INT theo kiu
EVENT
Bin i mt su k t t m ASCII t v tr IN (kiu
byte) vi di LEN (kiu byte) sang m hexa (c s
16) v ghi vo mng k t byte OUT.
DATA
Ni mt gi tr kiu t DATA (2 byte) vo bng

TABLE TABLE.
122
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
73
BCDI
IN
Bin i mt gi tr t m BCD c di 2 byte sang

kiu nguyn. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN.
74
BMB
IN,
75
BMW
IN,
76
CALL
n (1) (6)
Gi chng trnh con c nh nhn n.
77
CRET
(1)(3)(4)
Kt thc mt chng trnh con v tr iu khin v

chng trnh gi n.
78
CRETI
(2)(3)(4)
Kt thc mt chng trnh x l ngt v tr iu

khin v chng trnh chnh.
79
-D
IN1,
IN2
Thc hin php tr hai s nguyn kiu t kp IN1 v

Sao chp mt mng gm N byte k t v tr u IN

OUT,N (byte) vo mng c v tr l OUT (kiu byte)
Sao chp mt mng t (2 byte) vi di N (1 byte)
OUT,N v v tr u IN (2 byte) vo mng c v tr u OUT
(2 byte).
80
DECD
IN
Gim gi tr ca t kp IN i mt n v.
81
DECO
IN,
OUT
Gii m gi tr ca mt byte IN sau gn gi tr 1

vo bit ca t OUT (2 byte) c ch s l IN.
82
DECW
IN
Gim gi tr ca t IN i mt n v.
83
DISI
(1)
V hiu ho tt c cc ngt (interrupt).
84
DIV
IN1,
Chia s nguyn 16 bit, c xc nh l t thp ca

IN2 (kiu t kp), cho IN1 kiu t. Kt qu c ghi
li vo t IN2.
IN2
85
DTCH
EVENT V hiu ho mt ngt kiu EVENT.
86
DTR
IN,
OUT(5)
Chuyn i mt s nguyn 32 bit IN c du sang

thnh mt s thc 32 bit OUT.
87
ENCO
IN,
OUI
Chuyn i ch s ca bit thp nht c gi tr logic 1

trong t IN sang thnh mt s nguyn v ghi vo bit
cui ca byte OUT.
88
ENI
(1)
t tt c cc ngt vo ch tch cc.
89
FIFO
TABLE,
DATA(5)
Ly gi tr c cho vo u tin ra khi bng v

chuyn n n vng d liu DATA c ch dn
trong lnh.
90
FILL
IN,
gi tr t IN vo mt mng nh gm N t (N c
OUT,N kiu byte) bt u t v tr OUT (kiu t).
123
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
91
FND<
92
FND<>
M t
SRC,
Xc nh v tr nh trong bng SRC (kiu t), k t

PATRR cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng ) m
INDX(5) gi tr nh hn gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t).
SRC,
PATRR cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng ) m

INDX(5) gi tr khc gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t).
93
FND=
94
FND>
SRC,

PATRR cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng) m
INDX(5) gi tr bng gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t).
SRC,
PATRR cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng) m

INDX(5) gi tr ln hn gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t).
95
FOR
INDEX
INITIAL
FINAL(1)5
96
HDEF
HSC,
Thc hin cc lnh nm gia FOR v NEXT theo

kiu xoay vng vi b m s vng INDEX (kiu t),
bt u t vng s INITIAL (kiu t) v kt thc ti
vng FINAL (t).
MODE(1)
Xc nh kiu thut ton MODE cho b m tc

cao HSC (byte).
97
HSC
a b m tc cao s n vo trng thi tch cc.
98
HTA
IN,
OUT,
LEN
Chuyn i mt s h hexa IN (kiu byte) thnh dy

k t m ASCII v ghi vo mng byte bt u bng
byte OUT vi d di LEN (kiu byte).
99
-I
IN1,
Thc hin php tr hai s nguyn kiu t IN1 v IN2.

IN2
100 IBCD
IN
Chuyn i gi tr nguyn IN (kiu t) thnh gi tr

BCD v ghi li vo IN.
101 INCD
IN
Tng gi tr ca t kp IN ln mt n v.
102 INCW
IN
Tng gi tr ca t IN ln mt n v.
103 INT
n(1)(2)(4)
Khai bo nhn n cho chng trnh x l ngt.
104 INVD
IN
Ly phn b kiu mt (o gi tr logic ca cc bit)

ca mt t kp IN v ghi li vo IN.
105 JMP
xx
Chuyn iu khin vo nh nh bng nhn xx

trong chng trnh c khai bo bi lnh LBL.
106 LBL
xx
t nhn xx trong chng trnh, nh hng cho lnh

nhy JMP.
124
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
107 LIFO
TABLE,
DATA(5)
Ly gi tr c cho vo bng sau cng ra khi

bng TABLE v chuyn n n vng d liu DATA
(kiu t).
108 MOVB
IN,
OUT
Sao gi tr ca byte IN sang byte OUT.
109 MOVD
IN,
OUT
Sao gi tr ca t kp IN sang t kp OUT.
110 MOVR
IN,
OUT(5)
Sao s thc IN sang OUT.
111 MOVW IN,

OUT
Sao gi tr ca t IN sang t OUT.
112 MUL
IN1,
IN2
Nhn hai s nguyn 16 bit IN1 vi hai byte thp ca

s nguyn 32 bit IN2 sau ghi li kt qu vo IN2.
113 NETR
TABLE,
Khi to truyn thng c d liu t ngoi vi qua
114 NETW
TABLE,
115 NEXT
(1)(5)(7)
PORT(5) cng PORT vo bng TABLE.
Khi to truyn thng ghi d liu ca bng
PORT(5) TABLE ra ngoi vi qua cng PORT.
116 NOP
Lnh kt thc vng lp FOR ... NEXT.

Lnh rng.
117 ORD
IN1,
IN2
Thc hin ton t OR cho hai t kp IN1 v IN2, sau

ghi kt qu li vo IN2.
118 ORW
IN1,
IN2
Thc hin ton t OR cho hai t IN1 v IN2, sau

ghi kt qu li vo IN2.
119 PLS
xx(5)
a b pht xung nhanh c nh ngha trong b

nh c bit vo trng thi tch cc. Xung c a ra
cng Qx.x.
120 R
S_BIT,n
Xo mt mng gm n bit k t a ch S_BIT (kiu

bit).
121 -R
IN1,
IN2(5)
Thc hin php tr hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2.

122 RI
S_BIT,n
Xo tc thi mt mng gm n bit k t a ch S_BIT.
123 RLD
IN, n
Quay trn t kp IN sang tri n bit.
124 RLW
IN, n
Quay trn t IN sang tri n bit.
125 RRD
IN, n
Quay trn t kp IN sang phi n bit.
125
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
126 RRW
IN, n
Quay trn t IN sang phi n bit.
127 S
S_BIT,n
t gi tr logic 1 vo mt mng n bit k t a ch

S_BIT.
128 SBR
n(1)(2)(4)
Khai bo nhn n cho chng trnh con.
129 SEG
IN,
OUT
Chuyn i gi tr ca 4 bit thp trong byte IN sang

thnh m tng ng cho thanh ghi 7 nt v ghi vo
OUT
130 SHRB
DATA, Dch thanh ghi gm n bit c bit thp nht l S_BIT

S_BIT,n sang tri nu n>0, hoc sang phi nu n<0. Gi tr ca
bit DATA c a vo bit trng ca thanh ghi sau
khi dch (bit S_BIT nu n>0, hoc bit S_BIT nu n<0)
131 SI
S_BIT,n
t tc thi gi tr logic 1 vo mng n bit k t bit

S_BIT.
132 SLD
IN,n
Dch t kp IN sang tri mt bit.
133 SLW
IN,n
Dch t IN sang tri mt bit.
134 SQRT
IN,
OUT(5)
Ly cn bc hai ca s thc 32 bit IN v ghi kt qu

vo OUT (32bit).
135 SRD
IN,n
Dch t kp IN sang phi mt bit.
136 SRW
IN,n
Dch t IN sang phi mt bit.
137 STOP
Dng mm chng trnh.
138 SWAP
IN
i ch hai bit u tin v cui cng ca byte IN cho

nhau.
139 TODR
T(5)
c gi v ngy thng sau hin thi t ng h v ghi

vo b m 8 byte u l T.
140 TODW
T(5)
Ghi vo ng h gi tr thi gian, ngy, thng t b

m 8 byte vi byte u l T.
141 TON
Txx,
PT
Khi ng b pht thi gian tr Txx vi thi gian tr

t trc l tch ca PT (kiu t) v phn gii ca
b thi gian Txx c chn.
142 TONR
Txx,
PT
Khi ng b pht thi gian tr c nh Txx vi thi

gian tr t trc l tch ca PT (kiu t) v phn
gii ca b thi gian Txx c chn.
143 TRUNG IN,

OUT(5)
Chuyn i mt s thc 32 bit IN thnh mt s

nguyn 32 bit c u v ghi vo OUT.
144 WDR
t chun li b pht xung kim tra.
126
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
145 XMT
TABLE,
PORT
Truyn ni dung ca bng TABLE n cng PORT.
146 XORD
IN1,
IN2
Thc hin ton t exclusive OR cho cc bit ca hai t

kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
147 XORW
IN1,
IN2
Thc hin ton t exclusive OR cho cc bit ca hai t

IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
(1)
Nhng lnh khng thc hin c trong chng trnh x l ngt. Lnh
INT ch c th l lnh bt u ca chng trnh x l ngt.
(2)
Nhng lnh khng thc hin c trong chng trnh con. Lnh SBR ch
c th l lnh bt u ca chng trnh con.
(3)
Nhng lnh c km chc nng ghi li ni dung ca ngn xp trc .
(4)
Nhng lnh khng s dng c trong chng trnh chnh.
(5)
Nhng lnh ch c trong CPU 214.
(6)
Ghi nh li ni dung tc thi ca ngn xp. t TOS ln 1 v gn gi tr

logic 0 vo cc bit cn li ca ngn xp.
(7)
t TOS ln 1.
127
Gio Trnh PLC
4. Bng lnh ca PLC - S7-300 (Siemens-Ty c)

TT
Tn lnh
M t
Cng vi hng s c vit im n.
Ni dung ca RLO hin hnh c gn cho i tng

n.
+AR1
Cng ni dung ca ACCU1 hoc ni dung ti con tr n

vi ni dung c a ch thanh ghi 1.
+AR2
Cng ni dung ca ACCU1 hoc ni dung ti con tr n

vi ni dung c a ch thanh ghi 2.
+D
Cng 2 s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt

qu ACCU 1.
-D
Tr s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bit

ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
*D
Nhn 2 s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt

qu ACCU1.
/D
Chia s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bit

ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
10
==D
So snh hai s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 c

bng nhau khng.
11
<>D
So snh hai s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2

xem c khc nhau khng.
12
>D
So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn s

nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 khng.
13
<D
So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn s

14
>=D
So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn hay

bng s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 khng.
15
<=D
So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn hay

16
+I
Cng 2 s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt

qu ACCU1.
17
-I
Tr s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 16 bit

ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
Dng ng ngoc biu thc m ngoc trc ,

lnh ny khng c i tng.
128
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
18
*I
Nhn 2 s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt

qu ACCU1.
19
/I
Chia s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 16 bit

ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
20
==I
So snh hai s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 c

bng nhau khng.
21
<>I
So snh hai s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2

xem c khc nhau khng.
22
>I
So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c ln hn s

23
<I
So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c nh hn s

24
>=I
So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c ln hn hay

25
<=I
So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c nh hn hay

26
+R
Cng 2 s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu

ACCU1.
27
-R
Tr s thc 32 bit ACCU2 cho s thc 32 bit

ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
28
*R
Nhn 2 s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu

ACCU1.
29
/R
Chia s thc 32 bit ACCU2 cho s thc 32 bit

ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
30
==R
So snh hai s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 c

bng nhau khng.
31
<>R
So snh hai s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem

c khc nhau khng.
32
>R
So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn s thc 32

bit ACCU1 khng.
33
<R
So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn s thc

32 bit ACCU1 khng.
34
>=R
So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng

s thc 32 bit ACCU1 khng.
35
<=R
So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng

s thc 32 bit ACCU1 khng.
129
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
n
M t
36
37
A(
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong RLO vi

php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php
ton np vo RLO.
38
ABS
Ly gi tr tuyt i ca s thc 32 bit.
39
AD
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v

ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1 (32 bit).
40
AN
41
AN(
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi

tr nghch o ca biu thc trong ngoc (c ng
ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO.
42
AW
Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v

43
BEC
Lnh kt thc c iu kin gia khi (RLO=1)
44
BEU
Lnh kt thc khi khng iu kin, khng ph thuc

RLO.
45
BLD
Hin th lnh ca chng trnh.
46
BTD
Chuyn s dng m BCD sang s nguyn 32 bit.
47
BTI
Chuyn s dng m BCD sang s nguyn 16 bit.
48
CAD
i th t byte trong ACCU1 (32 bit).
49
CAR
Chuyn ni dung thanh ghi 1 vi ni dung thanh ghi 2.
50
CAW
i th t byte trong ACCU1 (16 bit)
51
CALL
Lnh gi khi.
52
CC
Lnh gi khi c iu kin.
53
CD
S m gim 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau

khng ph thuc RLO na.
54
CDB
Chuyn khi d liu chung thnh khi d liu ring.
55
CLR
Xo RLO (RLO = 0)
56
CU
S m tng 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau

khng ph thuc RLO na.

tr ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu
ghi vo RLO.

tr nghch o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong
lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
130
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
57
DEC
Gim ni dung trong ACCU1 i mt n v.
58
DTB
i s nguyn 32 bit thnh s dng m BCD.
59
DTR
i s nguyn 32 bit thnh s thc.
60
FN
Chn ly sn m ca RLO.
61
FP
Chn ly sn dng ca RLO.
62
FR
Khi to b thi gian TIME c khi khng c bin i

sn khi ng b thi gian.
63
FR
Khi to b m COUTER c khi khng c bin i

sn t mt b m m ln hoc m xung.
64
INC
Tng s trong ACCU1 ln mt n v.
65
INVD
Ly phn b mt ca s nguyn 32 bit.
66
INVI
Ly phn b mt ca s nguyn 16 bit.
67
ITB
i s nguyn 16 bit thnh s dng m BCD.
68
ITD
i s nguyn 16 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit.
69
JBI
70
JC
Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =1.
71
JCB
Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =1 v BR = 1.
72
JCN
Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =0.
73
JL
Nhy n nhn ghi n.
74
JM
Nhy nu kt qu l m (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 1).
75
JMZ
Nhy nu kt qu l m hoc bng khng (CC1 = 0

hoc 0, CC0 = 0 hoc 1).
76
JN
Nhy nu kt qu l khc khng (CC1 = 1 hoc 0, CC0

= 0 hoc 1).
77
JNB
Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =0 v BR = 0.
78
JNBI
79
JO
Nhy sang lm vic nhn nu VO = 1.
80
JOS
Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu OS = 0.
81
JP
Nhy nu kt qu l dng (CC1 = 1, CC0 = 0).
82
JPZ
Nhy nu kt qu l ln hn hoc bng khng (CC1 =

0 hoc 1, CC0 = 0 hoc 0).
131
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
n
M t
83
JU
Nhy sang lm vic nhn n, khng ph thuc RLO

v RLO khng b nh hng.
84
JUO
Nhy nu (CC1 = 1, CC0 = 1).
85
JZ
Nhy nu kt qu l khng (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 0).
86
Ni dung ca i tng lnh (n v byte) c sao

chp vo ACCU1 khng ph thuc vo RLO, ni dung
trc ca ACCU1 chuyn sang ACCU2.
87
Np gi tr tc thi (s nguyn) ca b m vo
ACCU1
88
Np gi tr tc thi (s nguyn) ca b thi gian vo

ACCU1.
89
DBLG Np di ca khi d liu DB vo ACCU1.
90
DBNO Np s ca khi d liu DB vo ACCU1.
91
DILG
Np di ca khi d liu DI vo ACCU1.
92
DINO
Np s ca khi d liu DI vo ACCU1.
93
STW
Np t trng thi vo ACCU1.
94
LAR1
95
LAR1
96
LAR1
AR2
Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t thanh ghi 2.
97
LAR1
P#
Np vo thanh ghi 1 t a ch ti con tr (s thc

kp).
98
LAR2
99
LAR2

n
100 LAR2
P#
Np vo thanh ghi 2 t a ch ti con tr (s thc

kp).
101 LC
Np s m hin thi dng m BCD vo ACCU1.
102 LC
Np gi tr thi gian hin thi dng m BCD vo

ACCU1.
103 LOOP
Lp li t nhn n.
104 MCR(
Ct kt qu ca php tnh logic vo vng MCR.
105 )MCR
Kt thc vng MCR.
106 MCRA
Kch hot vng MCR.
107 MCRD
Thi kch hot vng MCR.

132
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
108 MOD
Php chia ly phn d ca s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2

cho s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
109 NEGD
Ly s b hai ca s nguyn 32 bit.
110 NEGI
Ly s b hai ca s nguyn 16 bit.
111 NEGR
Ly du m cho s thc 32 bit.
112 NOP 0
113 NOP 1
114 NOT
t trng thi khng cho RLO.
115 O
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr

ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi
vo RLO.
116 O(
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong RLO vi php

ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton
np vo RLO.
117 OD
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v

118 ON

nghch o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh,
kt qu ghi vo RLO.
119 ON(

nghch o php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt
qu ghi vo RLO.
120 OPN
M khi d liu.
121 OW
Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v

122 POP
123 PUSH
124 R
Nu ni dung ca RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 0 s

c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay
i khi RLO thay i.
125 R
126 R
Xo b m nu RLO = 1
127 RLD
Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang tri n bit.
133
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
128 RLDA
Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang tri 1 bit qua CC 1.
129 RND
i s thc 32 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit (b phn

thp phn).
130 RND+
i s thc 32 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit, nu l s

dng th lm trn tng, l s m th b phn thp
phn.
131 RND-
i s thc 32 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit, nu l s

m th lm trn tng, l s dng th b phn thp
phn.
132 RRD
133 RRDA
Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang phi n bit.

Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang phi 1 bit qua CC 1.
134 S
Nu ni dung RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 1 s

c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay
i khi RLO thay i.
135 S
t b m nu RLO = 1
136 SAVE
Ct kt qu ca php tnh logic vo thanh ghi BR.
137 SD
B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong

bng thi gian t, khi RLO v 0 th b thi gian v
khng ngay.
138 SE
B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn

ln) v duy tr thi gian t, khng ph thuc RLO
na.
139 SET
t RLO =1
140 SF
B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO, khi RLO v

khng th b thi gian cn duy tr mt khong thi
gian bng thi gian t.
141 SLD
Dch t kp trong ACCU1 sang tri n bit hoc s bit

dch c np vo ACCU2.
142 SLW
Dch t n trong ACCU1 sang tri n bit hoc s bit

dch c np vo ACCU2.
143 SP
144 SRD
B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn

ln) v duy tr cho n khi t thi gian t
(RLO=1), khi RLO =0 th b thi gian v 0 ngay.
n
Dch t kp trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit hoc s bit

dch c np vo ACCU2.
134
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
145 SRW
146 SS
M t
Dch t n trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit hoc s bit
dch c np vo ACCU2.
B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong
bng thi gian t v khng ph thuc RLO na, n
ch v khng khi c lnh xo R.
147 SSD
Dch s nguyn 32 bit trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit

hoc s bit dch c np vo ACCU2, cc bit trng
c chn bit du ca s nguyn.
148 SSI
Dch s nguyn 16 bit trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit

hoc s bit dch c np vo ACCU2, cc bit trng
c chn bit du ca s nguyn.
149 T
Ni dung ca ACCU1 truyn cho i tng n (n v

byte) khng ph thuc RLO, v d truyn cho vng
m u ra.
150 T
STW
Truyn t trng thi ti ACCU1.
151 TAK
Lnh trao i ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2.
152 TAR1
153 TAR1
Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n v tr c ch

trong lnh.
154 TAR1
AR2
Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n thanh ghi 2.
155 TAR2
156 TAR2

n
Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 2 n v tr c ch

trong lnh.
157 TRUNC
Chuyn s thc 32 bit trong ACCU1 thnh s nguyn

32 bit c du.
158 UC
Lnh gi khi khng iu kin.
159 X
160 X(
161 XN
Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO

vi gi tr ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh,
kt qu ghi vo RLO.
Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung trong
RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt
qu php ton np vo RLO.

vi gi tr nghch o ca im n, kt qu ghi vo
RLO.
135
Gio Trnh PLC

TT
Tn lnh
M t
162 XN(

vi gi tr nghch o php ton trong ngoc (c ng
ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO.
163 XOD
Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia cc bit ca hai t

kp.
164 XOW
Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia cc bit ca hai t

n.
136
Gio Trnh PLC
A
B
C
KT N5
KN T
5
N1 N2 N3
RN2
RN1 RN2
T4
CD
T1 T2 T3
N4
RN1
C
Hnh 2.1
A
B
C
D
P1
CD
P2
KT2
N5
KN2
T1 T2 T3
N1 N2 N3
RN1
P3
T4
KN3
KT3
RN2
KN1
KT1
KT
KN
Hnh 2.2
137
N4
T5
RN1 RN2
Gio Trnh PLC
KT1
T4
A B C
KN2
KT2
T1
N5
KN1
N1
N4
S1
T5
Tg1
T6
Tg2
N6
S5
6
Hnh 2.3
K1 K2 K3
RN2 RN1
RN1
2K3
C
1Tg
1T
1K
2K2
1K3
R1
1K1
K4
K5
2K1
RN2
1K2
2Tg
R2
2K4
Hnh 2.4
138
2T
2K
Tg
Gio Trnh PLC
A B
KC
1S1
H1 H2
2S
K4
3S
K5
RN2
RN2 RN1
K5
1S
3S1
RN1
5
2S1
C
2K2
2K1
1K1
1K2
3
2
3S
10
1K
11
12
2S
3S
KC
3
2
1 0 1
c,
1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
9-10
11-12
2Tg
1 2 3
2S
2K
1Tg
r2
a,
2S
1K
r1
1Tg
3S
2Tg
b,
Hnh 2.5
2K1
C
H1
Rh
r1
1K1
r2
K3
2Tg
1Tg
3Tg1
a,
1K2
1K
2Tg1
K4
b,
139
2K
3Tg
1Tg1
Hnh 2.6
K2
K1
RN
RN
Tn hiu ha v l thuyt chung v ti u lut iu khin thang my
Huy Mnh
ng dng PLC
cho h thng
khng ch iu khin thang my
Chuyn ngnh T ng ho XNCN
Huy Mnh
Chng I
tn hiu ho v l thuyt chung
v ti u lut iu khin thang my
1.1
Ti u ho chng trnh iu khin thang my
1.1.1 Vn ti u ho trong iu khin thang my :

Nh bit, trong cc thang my cc nt n gi thang c b tr cc
tng, tu theo thit k mch m mi tng s c 1 hoc 2 nt gi thang. phng
n ny, tt c cc tng ( tr tng thng ch c nt gi xung v tng 1 ch c nt
gi ln ) u b tr 2 nt n gi thang, mt nt gi ln v mt nt gi xung.
Trong bung thang cng c mt bn phm gm cc nt n n tng, ng m
ca nhanh, dng khn cp, bo chung khi cn thit.
Cc tn hiu tc ng vo h iu khin thang my khng theo mt quy
lut no c. Do vn t ra l : thang my phi c mt lut iu khin sao
cho va tho mn c cc yu cu cng ngh, va p ng c s ti u v
qung ng m bung thang phi dch chuyn, thi gian phc v cng nh
nng lng tiu tn, ng thi mi hnh khch cm thy thoi mi khi s dng
thang my.
Nh vy, mt vn t ra l lm th no c th phc v c tt c
hnh khch mt cch ti u nht, c th nh c nhiu tn hiu gi Cabin v x
l cc tn hiu nh ny theo mt lut ti u. Trong trng hp ny ta s dng l
thuyt hng i.
1.1.2 L thuyt hng i :

a. Khi nim chung v h thng hng i
H thng hng i (Queueing System) l h thng c cc b phn phc v
(Services) v cc khch hng i n h thng (Arriving Customers) c phc
v. Nu khi khch hng n m cc b phn phc v u bn th cc khch hng
Huy Mnh
phi sp hng i c phc v. Chnh v vy m h thng ny c tn l h

thng hng i. L thuyt ton hc kho st cc h thng hng i c gi
l l thuyt phc v m ng (cc khch hng c coi l mt m ng c
phc v).
b. Cc c trng cho hng i

* Chiu di hng i
L s khch hng c trong hng i (hn ch hoc khng hn ch ).
* Thi gian i
L khong thi gian t khi khch hng n h thng cho n khi bt u
c phc v. Thi gian i c th hn ch hoc khng hn ch.
* Lut sp hng
L phng thc chn khch hng trong hng i. Thng thng c cc lut
sp hng nh sau :
1. n trc phc v trc
2. n trc phc v sau
3. Ngu nhin
4. u tin ...
c. Cc thnh phn chnh ca h thng hng i

H thng hng i c ba b phn chnh l :
* Dng khch hng
L cc phn t, yu cu, s kin i n h thng c phc v - c
gi chung l khch hng. c trng cho dng khch hng l cng dng
khch hng /n v thi gian. Dng khch hng l mt dng s kin ngu
nhin, do khong cch thi gian gia cc khch hng cng l mt i lng
ngu nhin.
Huy Mnh
* Knh phc v
L cc c cu phc v khch hng, thc hin cc yu cu ca khch
hng. Thi gian phc v (Service time) v khong thi gian gia cc ln phc v
l nhng i lng ngu nhin. Tu theo h thng c mt hay nhiu im phc
v m ngi ta gi l h thng c mt hoc nhiu knh phc v. c trng cho
knh phc v l dng phc v vi cng l /n v thi gian. Cng phc
v l s khch hng c phc v xong trn mt n v thi gian.
* Hng i (Queue)
L s khch hng ch n lt c phc v. Tu theo s khch hng n
nhiu hay t (cng ln hay b), kh nng phc v (s knh phc v, thi
gian phc v) m s khch hng phi i trong hng i nhiu hay t. V vy,
di hng i cng l mt i lng ngu nhin.
* Lut sp hng
Trong h thng hng i c mt knh phc v thng c lut sp hng
iu chnh sau y:
- FIFO (First - In First - Out) : Khch hng n trc phc v trc . Lut
FIFO thng c dng nhng ni nh :
+ Sp hng trc quy tnh tin ca siu th
+ Sp hng vo c s dch v , phng tin vn ti .
+ Cc thit b sp hng trn bng ti ch n lt c lp rp .v.v.
- LIFO (Last - In First - Out) : Khch hng n sau c phc v trc lut
LIFO thng c dng nhng ni nh ;
+ Ra khi bung thanh my : ngi no vo sau cng s c ra trc tin .
+ c gi liu trn bng t : d liu ghi sau s c c trc .
+ Hng ho c xp vo thng cha : hng xp sau cng (pha trn ca
hng cha s c ly ra trc v.v...
- Ngu nhin : cc khch hnh u c ch u tin nh nhau v c
phc v mt cch ngu nhin . Lut ny thng c ly cc trng hp sau
nh :
+ Ph n tr em v ngi tn tt c u tin phc trc.
Huy Mnh
+ Lut FIFO cng l trng hp c bit vi u u tin l n trc .

+ Thi gian phc v ngn c phc v trc (shortest job first). V d trn
nt giao thng xe nh gn nhanh c u tin i trc so vi xe to cng knh di
chuyn chm v.v...
*Chiu di hng i
Chiu di hng i l s khch hng ng i oc phc v. Nu s v
tr ng i khng hn ch th chiu di hng i c th di bt k . Ngc li
nu s v tr ng i l hn ch th th chiu di hng ng i khng vt qu
s cho trc . Trong trng hp ny nu khch hng n ng vo lc chiu
di hng i y th phi ri b h thng v h thng s b mt khch hng .
Chiu di hng i l mt i lng ngu nhin ph thuc vo cng dng
khch hng v dng phc v.
* Thi gian sp hng
Thi gian sp hng l qung thi gian khch hng ng i trong hng i
ch ch n lt phc v. C loi khch hng c th i bao lu cng c,
ngc li c loi khch hng ch c th i trong mt thi gian nht nh, ht
thi gian khch hng s ri b h thng mc du vn cn ch ng i.
Trong trng hp ny h thng s mt khch hng. gim kh nng mt khch
hng h thng phi tng cng dng phc v hoc tng s knh phc v.
1.2
thut ton ti u iu khin thang my :
Khi thit k thut ton ti u iu khin thang my vi h thng hng i

ta thy c nhng c im cn lu nh sau :
- Nu chiu di hng i ln qu c th xy ra trng hp hnh khch
khng i c khng i thang my. Trong khi , n lt c phc v
thang my vn chy n ng v tr gi. Nh vy s dn n lng ph thi gian v
gim hiu sut hot ng ca thang. Do trong trng hp ny ta chn chiu
di hng i l 60.
- Khi xp xp hng i, mt vn t ra l c th mt tng c nhiu tn
hiu gi thang ca nhiu ngi. V vy, mi khi c tn hiu gi thang cn phi
duyt ton b hng i xem tn hiu ny c mt trong hng i hay cha,
trc khi thm vo hng i.
Huy Mnh
- Khi hnh khch i vo thang my v n nt gi tng, sau qu trnh chuyn

ng, thang my s dng li v tr tng gi. Tuy nhin, c th tng ny c
mt trong hng i v nh vy, coi nh tn hiu gi thang ny c phc v.
V vy, cn phi loi tn hiu ny ra khi danh sch hng i qu trnh phc
v ca thang my khng b nhm ln.
- Trong qu trnh phc v c th c nhng trng hp thang my khng
phc v kp thi, dn n tnh trng mt khch hng do thang my chuyn
ng n tng gi nhng khng c ngi i vo thang my. V vy cn phi c
tn hiu cm bin sn Cabin hoc t thi gian tr sau khi ca bung thang
khp li nhng khng c ngi th tn hiu gi thang tip theo trong hng i s
c phc v.
S thut ton iu khin c m t nh hnh 3-6. Trong hng i
H l mt mng 60 phn t cha ti a 60 tn hiu gi sp hng. K hiu H[n]
l tn hiu gi th n trong hng i. Thut ton ny c gii thch trong phn s
thut ton iu khin h thng.
1.3
tn hiu ho cho h thng iu khin logic kh
trnh
1.3.1 Thit k b to m phm cho cc cng tc v nt n :

a. Bn phm gi tng
Khi s tng t, vic to m phm cho cc nt n gi tng, gi thang v cc
tn hiu cm bin v tr rt n gin. Cc tn hiu ny s tc ng n mt b
pht xung pht ra cc xung tng ng vi phm gi. Cc xung ny s c
a n mt b m c c m phm. Tuy nhin, khi s tng nhiu, vic to
m nh trn s rt phc tp v phi c rt nhiu dy dn tn hiu. V vy, chng
ta s la chn phng n thit k cho thang my nhiu tng vi cc b to m
theo ma trn phm di dng cc m qut (Scan code).
Trong thc t c nhiu loi phm m khi tip xc s gy ra nhng hin
tng nh :
- Thay i in tr ca phm.
- Thay i in dung ca phm.
- Thay i dng in chy qua phm theo nh lut Hall.
Huy Mnh
gim s lng dy dn phi bin i s th t ca cc phm (m ho

cc phm) thnh dng nh phn hoc dng s Hexa. Trong trng hp ny, ngi
ta s dng mt b m qut bn phm. Khi c mt phm c n b m s c
lnh dng li v u ra ca cc b m s thu c mt m nh phn tng ng
vi s th t ca phm. M ny c gi l m qut bn phm.
Nguyn tc to m qut cho bn phm c minh ho nh s hnh 2.1.
A3 A2 A1
A0
Thanh ghi ct
EN1
Thanh ghi hng
EN2
B3
B2
Vcc
B1
B0
Ngt
Hnh 2-1: S to m bn phm

Ngi ta a ra cc gi tr 1 ln lt qut vo cc ct, sau c vo cc
gi tr ng vi cc ct khc nhau thanh ghi hng t c th bit c m ca
phm.
S c th to m qut ca bng 64 nt n nh hnh 2-1.
Vi mch 4001 ( 4 cng NOR ) 2 li vo ) c m thnh mch pht xung
ng h 50Hz c th iu khin chy hoc dng c. Khi b pht xung chy,
hai tng m nh phn (dng IC4520) s m lin tc v th hin kt qu bng
xung in p cc li ra ca chng. Tng m th hai a kt qu vo A2B2C2
ca vi mch gii m 4051 (demultiplexer 1-8) khng ch cc ct ca bn phm.
Huy Mnh
Bng cc ch lm vic ca 4051 nh sau :

C
Z ni vi
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tng m th nht a kt qu vo A1B1C1 ca vi mch 4051 khng ch

hng ca bn phm.
Khi n phm, hai u dy hng v ct ca phm c ni vi nhau to
nn in p +5V t Z2 a sang Z1 lm dng b pht xung ng h. Trn cc
li ra 1..6 s gi nguyn trng thi ca hai tng m lc dng v cng chnh
l m nh phn tng ng vi k t ghi trn phm n.
V d khi n phm s 12 (hng 3, ct 1), b pht xung ng h tip tc
chy, cc li ra ca b m c lin tc thay i v ch dng khi A1B1C1=110 (Z1
ni vi 3) v A2B2C2 = 100 (Z2 ni vi 1). Nh vy u ra ta s c m nh phn
tng ng vi s 12 l 00001100.
Khi nh phm, hai b m li tip tc bin i quay vng ch n khi c
mt phm khc c n. Nu c mt phm th 2 c n trong khi phm th nht
cha c nh th vn khng c g thay i cho n khi phm th nht c nh.
Sau qu trnh bin i quay vng li c tip tc v ch dng li ng vi m
nh phn ca phm th hai.
Do thc t ti thit k thang my cho cao c 60 tng, bn phm ch a
ra s nh phn ln nht l 63, tc l ch s dng ht 6 ng truyn d liu nn
ch cn s dng 6 u vo ( INPUT ) ca PLC.
b. Bn phm gi thang
Bn phm gi thang c cu to v nguyn tc hot ng tng t nh bn
phm gi tng. Tuy nhin do s lng phm tng ln gp i nn kt cu ca bn
phm gi thang c khc i cht, tc l phi tng thm s linh kin c th a
Huy Mnh
ra m qut ca cc s t 0 n 127; trong cc phm c m t 1 n 59 dng

gi thang ln tng ng vi cc tng t 1 n 59, cn cc phm c m t 62
n 120 dng gi thang xung tng ng vi cc tng t 2 n 60. Cc tn
hiu ra t bn phm gi thang c a vo 7 u vo ca PLC.
Phm c n
M ASCII ra
Hnh 2-2: Bng m phm gi tng .
1.3.2 Thit k mch cho cc sensor

Nh trn cp, dng chnh xc bung thang th phi c tn hiu bo
gim tc trc khi phanh hm n sn. Ti vng dng, ngi ta b tr 5 sensor
c b tr nh trn hnh v 2-3. Tt c 5 sensor ny c u song song v a
vo mt u vo ngt s 0 ca PLC. Chng trnh ngt s phi gii m xc
nh th t cc tn hiu bo cho chng trnh chnh bit c cc phn ng
ph hp.
Huy Mnh 10
Sn tng
Sensor 5
Sensor 4
Sensor 3
Khi iu khin
ng c ca
Sensor 2
*
8
16
24
32
40
48
56
Sensor 1
1 2 3
9 10 11
17 18 19
25 26 27
33 34 35
41 42 43
49 50 51
57 58 59
4 5 6 7
12 13 14 15
20 21 22 23
28 29 30 31
36 37 38 39
44 45 46 47
52 53 54 55
60 O pen Close Emer
Phm gi ln
Phm gi xung
Phm gi xung
Sn tng
Hnh 2-3: Vng dng cho thang my.
Huy Mnh 11
Chng II
cc s thut ton
s dng trong iu khin thang my
Sau y l phn thuyt minh cc s thut ton c s
dng trong chng trnh:
2.1
Cc chng trnh x l phm gi xung
2.1.1 C phm gi xung khi thang my ang dng ( SBN_1 ):
Key=curr?
yes
Call_door
*Key_dn=1
Dn_max=key
++Ac_dn
Set busy=1
yes
yes
Set Run=0
Key > Curr
Set Run=1
Hnh 2 -1 : S thut ton ca chng trnh bn phm

gi xung khi thang ang dng ( Busy = 0 ).
1.
2.
Kim tra trng hp ngi gi thang ng ng tng m Cabin thang

my ang dng, nu ng th sang bc 2, nu sai th sang bc 3.
Gi chng trnh m - ng ca ri sang bc 7.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Huy Mnh 12
a v tr tng ngi ng gi thang ( Key ) vo hng i xung; t gi tr

tng ln nht trong hng i bng tng c gi; tng s phn t trong hng
i xung ln mt gi tr; thit lp c busy ( bo bn ) = 1; sang bc 4.
So snh v tr tng ngi ng gi thang vi tng hin ti ( Current ), nu
ln hn th sang bc 5, nu sai sang bc 6.
Thit lp c chy ln ( Run = 0 ), sang bc 7.
Thit lp c chy xung ( Run = 1 ), sang bc 7.
Kt thc chng trnh.
2.1.2 C phm gi xung khi thang my ang trong hnh trnh ln (

SBN_2 ):
yes
*Key_dn=1
*Key_dn=1
++Ac_dn
yes
Ac_dn=1
Dn_max<=key?
yes
Dn_max=key
Hnh 2 -2 : S thut ton ca chng trnh bn phm

gi xung khi thang ang chy ln ( Run = 0 )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Huy Mnh 13
Kim tra xem c s tng trong hng i xung cha, nu c th sang

bc 6, nu cha th sang bc 2.
a v tr tng ngi ng gi thang ( Key ) vo hng i xung; tng s
phn t trong hng i xung ln mt gi tr; sang bc 3.
Kim tra xem c phi l ngi gi u tin khng, nu ng th sang bc
5, ngc li th sang bc 4.
Kim tra gi tr tng ln nht ( Dn_max ) trong hng i so vi tng c
gi, nu Dn_max <= key th sang bc 6, ngc li th sang bc 5.
t Dn_max = key.
Kt thc chng trnh.
2.1.3 C phm gi xung khi thang my ang trong hnh trnh

xung(SBN_3 ):
yes
*Key_dn=1?
*Key_dn=1
yes
++Wt_dn
Key>curr?
++Ac_dn
Wt_dn=1
Dn_max<key ?
yes
yes
Dn_max=key
Hnh 2-3: S thut ton ca chng trnh bn phm

gi xung khi thang ang chy xung ( Run = 1 )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2.2
Huy Mnh 14
Kim tra xem c s tng trong hng i xung cha, nu c th sang

a v tr tng ngi ng gi thang ( Key ) vo hng i xung; sang bc
3.
So snh tng gi ( key ) vi tng hin ti ( current ), nu nh hn th sang
bc 4, ngc li th sang bc 5.
Tng s phn t ang c phc v ( Wt_up ) trong hng i ln 1 gi tr,
sang bc 9.
Tng s phn t ch c phc v ( Ac_up ) trong hng i ln 1 gi tr,
sang bc 9.
Kim tra xem c phi l phn t u tin c a vo hng i ch phc
v, nu ng th sang bc 8, ngc li sang bc 7.
So snh phn t nh nht trong hng i ln ( Up_min ) vi tng gi ( key ),
nu nh hn th sang bc 8, ngc li sang bc 9.
t gi tr Up_min = key.
Kt thc chng trnh.
Cc chng trnh x l phm gi ln
2.2.1 C phm gi ln khi thang ang dng ( SBN_4 ).
Key=curr?
yes
Call_door
*Key_up=1
Up_min=key
++Ac_up
Set busy=1
yes
yes
Set Run=0
Key > Curr
Set Run=1
Hnh 2-4: S thut ton ca chng trnh bn phm

gi ln khi thang ang dng ( Busy = 0 )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Huy Mnh 15
Kim tra trng hp ngi gi thang ng ng tng m Cabin thang

my ang dng, nu ng th sang bc 2, nu sai th sang bc 3.
Gi chng trnh m - ng ca ( Call door ) ri sang bc 7.
a v tr tng ngi ng gi thang ( Key ) vo hng i ln; t gi tr
tng nh nht trong hng i ln bng tng c gi; tng s phn t trong
hng i ln mt gi tr; thit lp c busy ( bo bn ) = 1; sang bc 4.
So snh v tr tng ngi ng gi thang vi tng hin ti ( Current ), nu
ln hn th sang bc 5, ngc li th sang bc 6.
Thit lp c chy ln ( Run = 0 ), sang bc 7.
Thit lp c chy xung ( Run = 1 ), sang bc 7.
Kt thc chng trnh.
2.2.2 C phm gi ln khi thang my ang trong hnh trnh xung

(SBN_5 ):
yes
*Key_up=1?
*Key_up=1
++Wt_up
yes
Wt_dn=1
Up_min<key?
yes
Up_min=key
Hnh 2-5 : S thut ton ca chng trnh bn phm

gi ln khi thang ang chy xung ( Run = 1 ).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Huy Mnh 16
Kim tra xem c s tng trong hng i ln cha, nu c th sang

a v tr tng ngi ng gi thang ( Key ) vo hng i ln; tng s phn
t trong hng i ln mt gi tr; sang bc 3.
Kim tra xem c phi l ngi gi u tin khng, nu ng th sang bc
5, ngc li th sang bc 4.
Kim tra gi tr tng nh nht ( Up_min ) trong hng i so vi tng c
gi, nu Up_min >= key th sang bc 6, ngc li th sang bc 5.
t Up_min = key.
Kt thc chng trnh.
2.2.3 C phm gi ln khi thang my ang trong hnh trnh ln (

SBN_6.
yes
*Key_up=1 ?
*Key_up=1
Key>curr?
yes
++Wt_up
++Ac_up
Wt_up=1
Up_min>key ?
yes
yes
Up_min=key

gi ln khi thang ang chy ln ( Run = 0 ).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2.3
Huy Mnh 17
Kim tra xem c s tng trong hng i ln cha, nu c th sang

a v tr tng ngi ng gi thang ( Key ) vo hng i ln; sang bc 3.
So snh tng gi ( key ) vi tng hin ti ( current ), nu nh hn th sang
bc 4, ngc li th sang bc 5.
Tng s phn t ang c phc v ( Ac_dn ) trong hng i ln 1 gi tr,
sang bc 9.
Tng s phn t ch c phc v ( Wt_dn ) trong hng i ln 1 gi tr,
sang bc 9.
Kim tra xem c phi l phn t u tin c a vo hng i ch phc
v, nu ng th sang bc 8, ngc li sang bc 7.
So snh phn t ln nht trong hng i xung ( Dn_max )vi tng gi (
key ), nu nh hn th sang bc 9, ngc li sang bc 8.
t gi tr Dn_max = key.
Kt thc chng trnh.
X l phm gi tng:
2.3.1 C phm gi tng khi thang my ang dng ( SBN_7 ).
Start
Key=62 ?
Yes
0<Key<61 ?
Yes
Key>curr ?
Yes
*Key_up=1
Up_min=key
++ Ac_up
Busy=1; run=0
Key<curr ?
Yes
Call Door
*Keydn=1
Dn_max=key
++ Ac_dn
Busy=1; run=1
End
Hnh 2-7: S thut ton chng trnh x l phm gi tng
khi thang ang dng ( run =0 ).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Huy Mnh 18
Kim tra phm m ca nhanh, nu c th chuyn sang bc 7, ngc li th

chuyn sang bc 2.
Pht hin xem phm bm c nm trong khong 0 < key < 61 khng, nu
ng th sang bc 3, ngc li sang bc 8. Trong trng hp ny, ch cho
php tn hiu gi tng v tn hiu m ca nhanh, cm phm dng khn cp
v phm ng ca nhanh.
So snh tng c gi xem c nh hn tng hin ti khng, nu ng th
sang bc 6, ngc li th sang bc 4.
Kim tra xem phm bm c ln hn tng hin ti khng, nu ng th sang
bc 5, ngc li sang bc 8.
a tng c gi vo hng i ln; gn gi tr nh nht trong hng i ln
= tng c gi; tng gi tr s phn t trong hng i ln mt gi tr; thit
lp c busy = 1; bt c run = 0 ( chy ln ), sang bc 8 .
a tng c gi vo hng i xung; gn gi tr ln nht trong hng i
xung = tng c gi; tng gi tr s phn t trong hng i xung ln mt
gi tr; thit lp c busy = 1; bt c run = 1 ( chy xung ), sang bc 8 .
Gi chng trnh m - ng ca ( door ), sang bc 8.
Kt thc chng trnh.
Huy Mnh 19
2.3.2 C phm gi tng khi thang my ang chy xung ( SBN_8 ).

Start
Key=63 ?
Temp=curr
Key=61 ?
Temp=1 ?
Key=62 ?
*Temp_dn=1 ?
*Key_dn=1 ?
Key<=curr ?
*Temp_dn=1
++Ac_dn
*Key_dn=1
++Ac_dn
*Key_up=1 ?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Running=1 ?
Close-fast=1
Yes
Running=1 ?
Open-fast=1
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
*Key_up=1
++Wt_up
No
Wt_up=1 ?
*Up_min<key ?
No
Up_min=key
Hnh 2-8: S thut ton x l phm gi tng

khi thang ang trong hnh trnh chy xung ( run=1 ).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
End
Kim tra phm dng khn cp c m ( Scan code ) = 63 , nu c th chuyn

sang bc 16, ngc li chuyn sang bc 2.
Kim tra phm ng ca nhanh c m ( Scan code ) = 61, nu c th chuyn
sang bc 3, ngc li th chuyn sang bc 5.
Kim tra c ang chy running, nu c bt th chuyn sang bc 20,
khng th sang bc 4.
Thit lp c ng ca nhanh, sang bc 20.
Kim tra phm m ca nhanh c m ( Scan code ) = 62, nu c th chuyn
khng th sang bc 7.
Thit lp c m ca nhanh, sang bc 20.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Huy Mnh 20
So snh tng c gi vi gi tr tng hin ti, nu ln hn th chuyn sang

bc 9, ngc li sang bc 11.
Kim tra xem gi tr tng c gi c trong hng i ln hay cha, nu
c th v bc 20, ngc li sang bc 10.
a gi tr tng c gi vo hng i ln; tng gi tr ca phn t c trong
hng i ln ( Ac_up ) mt gi tr, sang bc 20.
Kim tra xem gi tr tng c gi c trong hng i xung hay cha,
nu c th v bc 20, ngc li sang bc 12.
a gi tr tng c gi vo hng i xung; tng gi tr ca phn t c
trong hng i xung ( Wt_dn ) ln mt gi tr, sang bc 13.
Kim tra xem tng c gi c phi l phn t u tin trong hng i
xung khng, nu ng sang bc 15, ngc li sang bc 14.
Kim tra xem tng c gi c ln hn gi tr ln nht trong hng i
xung hay khng, nu ng th sang bc 15, ngc li sang bc 20.
Gn gi tr Dn_max = gi tr tng c gi, sang bc 20.
a gi tr tng hin ti cng 1 vo nh tm Temp, sang bc 17.
So snh gi tr nh Temp vi 60, nu bng v bc 20, ngc li sang
bc 18.
Kim tra gi tr nh Temp c trong hng i hay cha, c th chuyn sang
bc 20, cha sang bc 19.
Gn gi tr nh Temp vo hng i ln, tng gi tr s phn t c trong
hng i ln ln mt gi tr, sang bc 20.
Kt thc chng trnh.
Huy Mnh 21
2.3.3 C phm gi tng khi thang my ang chy ln ( SBN_9 ).
Start
Yes
Yes
Yes
Running=1 ?
Close-fast=1
Yes
Running=1 ?
Open-fast=1
Yes
*Key_up=1 ?
Yes
*Key_up=1
++Ac_up
Key=63 ?
Temp=curr+1
Key=61 ?
Temp=60 ?
Key=62 ?
*Temp_up=1 ?
Key>curr ?
*Temp_up=1
++Ac_up
*Key_dn=1 ?
Yes
Yes
Yes
*Key_dn=1
++Wt_dn
Dn_max<key ?
No
Wt_dn=1 ?
Yes
Dn_max=key
Hnh 2-9 : S x l phm gi tng

khi thang ang trong hnh trnh ln ( run =0 ).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
End
Kim tra phm dng khn cp c m ( Scan code ) = 63 , nu c th chuyn

Kim tra phm ng ca nhanh c m ( Scan code ) = 61, nu c th chuyn
khng th sang bc 4.
Thit lp c ng ca nhanh, sang bc 20.
Kim tra phm m ca nhanh c m ( Scan code ) = 62, nu c th chuyn
khng th sang bc 7.
Thit lp c m ca nhanh, sang bc 20.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Huy Mnh 22
So snh tng c gi vi gi tr tng hin ti, nu nh hn hoc bng th

chuyn sang bc 9, ngc li sang bc 11.
Kim tra xem gi tr tng c gi c trong hng i xung hay cha,
nu c th v bc 20, ngc li sang bc 10.
a gi tr tng c gi vo hng i xung; tng gi tr ca phn t c
trong hng i xung ( Ac_dn ) ln mt gi tr, sang bc 20.
Kim tra xem gi tr tng c gi c trong hng i ln hay cha, nu
c th v bc 20, ngc li sang bc 12.
a gi tr tng c gi vo hng i ln; tng gi tr ca phn t c trong
hng i xung ( Wt_up ) ln mt gi tr, sang bc 13.
Kim tra xem tng c gi c phi l phn t u tin trong hng i ln
khng, nu ng sang bc 15, ngc li sang bc 14.
Kim tra xem tng c gi c nh hn gi tr nh nht ( Up_min ) trong
hng i ln hay khng, nu ng th sang bc 15, ngc li sang bc
20.
Gn gi tr Up_min = gi tr tng c gi, sang bc 20.
a gi tr tng hin ti vo nh tm Temp, sang bc 17.
So snh gi tr nh Temp vi 1, nu bng v bc 20, ngc li sang bc
18.
Kim tra gi tr nh Temp c trong hng i hay cha, c th chuyn sang
bc 20, cha sang bc 19.
Gn gi tr nh Temp vo hng i xung, tng gi tr s phn t c trong
hng i xung ln mt gi tr, sang bc 20.
Kt thc chng trnh.
2.4
Huy Mnh 23
Chng trnh x l phm chung Keyboard
Flo_Call?
yes
yes
yes
Run=0?
Buzy=1?
Reset Key_buff01
No
Li_call?
Call_SBN02
Call_SBN03
Call_SBN01
Up_call ?
yes
yes
Busy=1
Busy=1
Call SBN07
yes
Run=0?
Call SBN09
Call SBN08
yes
Run=0?
Call SBN04
Call SBN05
yes
Call SBN06
Reset Key_buff02
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Kim tra xem c phm gi tng khng, nu c chuyn sang bc 2, ngc

li sang bc 8.
Kim tra c busy, nu busy = 1 chuyn sang bc 3, ngc li sang bc 6.
Kim tra c run, nu run = 0 chuyn sang bc 4, nu run = 1 chuyn sang
bc 5.
Gi chng trnh con SBN 002, sang bc 8.
Reset c key_buff1 ( c phm gi tng ) = 0, sang bc 8.
Kim tra xem c phm gi thang khng, c sang bc 9, ngc li sang
bc 21.
Kim tra c run, run = 0 th sang bc 10, run = 1 sang bc 12.
Kim tra c busy, busy = 1 th sang bc 11, busy = 0 sang bc 13.
Kim tra c busy, busy = 1 th sang bc 17, busy = 0 sang bc 16.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
2.5
Huy Mnh 24

Reset c key_buff 02 ( c phm gi thang ) = 0.
Kt thc chng trnh.
Chng trnh ng - m ca ( door ).
O pen_D oor
Set T IM 01
T IM 2= 0?
R ead key
C lose_fast?
yes
yes
C lose door
Set T IM 03
T IM 3= 0
R ead key
yes
H n h 2-11: S thut ton ca chng trnh ca ( D oor ).
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ra lnh m ca; t b m TIM 002, chuyn sang bc 2.

Kim tra xem ht thi gian tr cha, nu cha th sang bc 3, ngc li
sang bc 5.
Gi chng trnh c phm ( Read_key ), sang bc 4.
Kim tra xem c c ng ca nhanh khng, nu c th sang bc 5, ngc
li v bc 2.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Huy Mnh 25
Ra lnh ng ca, t b TIM 003, sang bc 6.

Kim tra xem ht thi gian tr cha, nu cha th sang bc 7, ngc li
sang bc 8.
Gi chng trnh c phm ( Read_key ), sang bc 6.
Kt thc chng trnh.
2.6.1 cc Chng trnh ngt.
2.6.1 Chng trnh ngt sensor.
Start
INC Sensor
<
Sensor CMP 3
Set S03 =1
>
Set S04 =1
<
Sensor CMP 5
Set S05 =1
End
S thut ton x l ngt Sensor
Start
Start
No
No
Key_buff01=1 ?
Key_buff01=1 ?
Calculate Key
Set Key_buff01=1
Calculate Key
Set Key_buff01=1
End
End
S thut ton x l ngt bn phm gi tng
S thut ton x l ngt bn phm gi thang
Hnh 2-12 : Cc s thut ton x l ngt.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Huy Mnh 26
Tng gi tr sensor ln mt gi tr, chuyn sang bc 2.

So snh gi tr ca sensor vi s 3, nu bng sang bc 3, ln hn sang
bc 4, nu nh hn sang bc 6.
Set c S03 = 1, sang bc 7.
So snh gi tr ca sensor vi s 5, nu bng sang bc 5, nh hn sang
bc 6.
Set c S05 = 1, Reset gi tr sensor = 0, chuyn sang bc 7.
Set c S04 = 1, chuyn sang bc 7.
Kt thc chng trnh.
2.6.2 Chng trnh ngt c phm gi tng.
1.
2.
3.
Kim tra xem phm bm trc c x l cha, nu cha ( key_buff

= 1 ) th sang bc 3, ri ( key_buff1 = 0 ) th sang bc 2.
Tnh ton v a ra m ca phm c gi ( Scan code ), set key_buff1=1.
Kt thc chng trnh.
2.6.3 Chng trnh ngt c phm gi thang.

1.
2.
3.
Kim tra xem phm bm trc c x l cha, nu cha ( key_buff

= 1 ) th sang bc 3, ri ( key_buff2 = 0 ) th sang bc 2.
Tnh ton v a ra m ca phm c gi ( Scan code ), set key_buff2=1.
Kt thc chng trnh.
2.7
Huy Mnh 27
Chng trnh chnh

Start
Keyboard
Keyboard
Bell
Keyboard
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bell
Keyboard
busy=0 ?
Keyboard
Yes
Close =1 ?
Over_weight ?
Running=1
Run dn
--Current
Reset S03,S04,S05
Run=0 ?
Yes
Over_weight ?
Close =1 ?
++Current
Reset S03,S04,S05
Running=1
Run up
Yes
Yes
Keyboard
S03 =1 ?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Temp=curr
++Current
Reset S03,S04,S05
Ac_up=0 ?
Yes
Keyboard
Keyboard
Temp=Up_min?
Temp=Dn_max?
Yes
S05 =1 ?
Keyboard
Temp=curr+1
Yes
Yes
Slow_down
*Temp_up=1 ?
Slow_down
S04 =1 ?
S04 =1 ?
Slow_down
S04 =1 ?
Stop
Stop
S04 =1 ?
Stop
S05 =1 ?
S05 =1 ?
Stop
S05 =1 ?
--Current
*Curr_dn=0
Ac_up=Wt_up
Wt_up=0
++Current
*Curr_up=0
Ac_dn=Wt_dn
Wt_dn=0
Run =0
Set TIM00
Run =1
Set TIM00
++Current
*Curr_up=0
--Ac_up
Set TIM00
TIM00=0 ?
TIM00=0 ?
Yes
Keyboard
TIM00=0 ?
Yes
Ac_dn=0 ?
Keyboard
TIM00=0 ?
Keyboard
S05 =1 ?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Call Door
Ac_up=0 ?
Yes
Open_fast ?
Yes
Busy = 0
Open_fast ?
Busy = 0
Yes
Yes
Yes
Call Door
Curr_up = 0
--Wt_up
Wt_up=0 ?
Yes
Yes
Call Door
Ac_up=0 ?
Ac_up=0 ?
Yes
Wt_up=0 ?
Wt_dn=0 ?
Up_min=curr ?
Up_min>curr ?
Yes
Call Door
Yes
Busy = 0
Open_fast ?
Yes
Yes
Call Door
Keyboard
Yes
Yes
Open_fast ?
S05=1 ?
Yes
Yes
--Current
*Curr_dn=0
--Ac_dn
Set TIM00
Keyboard
Yes
Yes
Yes
++Current
Reset S03,S04,S05
Ac_up=0 ?
Yes
Slow_down
*Temp_dn=1 ?
Keyboard
S03=1 ?
S05 =1 ?
S05 =1 ?
Dn_max=curr ?
Yes
Dn_max>curr ?
Yes
Yes
Busy = 0
Call Door
Curr_dn = 0
--Wt_dn
Wt_dn=0 ?
Yes
Yes
Run = 0
Ac_up=Wt_up
Wt_up =0
Run = 1
Ac_dn=Wt_dn
Wt_dn =0
Hnh 2-13: Lu thut ton ca chng trnh chnh

iu khin thang my nh cao tng.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Huy Mnh 28
Gi chng trnh c bn phm ( Keyboard ), chuyn sang bc 2.

Kim tra c busy, busy = 0 chuyn sang bc 1, busy=chuyn sang bc 3.
Kim tra c run, run = 0 chuyn sang bc 4, run = 1 chuyn sang bc 50.
Kim tra c Over_weight ( qu ti ), nu Over_weight = 0 chuyn sang
bc 6, Over_weight = 1 chuyn sang bc 5.
Bo chung qu ti, gi chng trnh Keyboard, chuyn sang bc 4.
Kim tra c ng ca hon ton ( Close ), close = 1 chuyn sang bc 8,
ngc li chuyn sang bc 7.
Gi chng trnh c bn phm ( Keyboard ), chuyn sang bc 6.
Thit lp c running = 1 ( ang chy ), v ra lnh chy ln, chuyn sang
bc 9.
Kim tra sensor S03, nu c chuyn sang bc 11, ngc li chuyn sang
bc 10.
Gi chng trnh c bn phm ( Keyboard ) , chuyn sang bc 9.
Gn Temp = current + 1 ( current l tng hin ti ), chuyn sang bc 12.
Kim tra Ac_up ( s phn t c trong hng i ln cn c phc v trong
hnh trnh hin ti ), Ac_up = 0 chuyn sang bc 37, ngc li chuyn
sang bc 13.
Kim tra xem tng sp n c cn dng khng, nu c chuyn sang bc
17, ngc li chuyn sang bc 14.
bc 14.
Tng ch s tng hin ti, Reset cc sensor S03, S04, S05, chuyn sang bc
9.
Ra lnh gim tc, chuyn sang bc 18.
Kim tra Sensor S04, nu c chuyn sang bc 19, ngc li chuyn sang
bc 18.
Ra lnh dng, chuyn sang bc 20.
bc 20.
Tng gi tr tng hin ti, xo hng i, tr s phn t trong hng i ln i
mt gi tr , set TIM0 ( tr thi gian ch m ca ), chuyn sang bc 22.
Kim tra TIM0, nu ht thi gian tr chuyn sang bc 25, ngc li
chuyn sang bc 23.
Huy Mnh 29
24. Kim tra c m ca nhanh ( Open_fast ), nu c chuyn sang bc 25,

25. Gi chng trnh m ca ( door ) , chuyn sang bc 26.
26. Kim tra Ac_up ( s phn t c trong hng i ln cn c phc v trong
hnh trnh hin ti ), Ac_up = 0 chuyn sang bc 27, ngc li chuyn
sang bc 1.
27. Kim tra s phn t trong hng i xung Wt_dn, Wn_dn = 0 th chuyn
28. Thit lp c busy = 0, chuyn sang bc 1.
29. So snh gi tr Dn_max ( phn t ln nht trong hng i xung ) vi tng
hin ti , nu Dn_max = current chuyn sang bc 30, ngc li chuyn
sang bc 31.
30. Gi chng trnh m ca, xo phn t trong hng i xung, gim s phn
t trong hng i xung i mt gi tr, chuyn sang bc 32.
31. So snh gi tr Dn_max ( phn t ln nht trong hng i xung ) vi tng
hin ti , nu Dn_max > current chuyn sang bc 1, ngc li chuyn sang
bc 33.
32. Kim tra xem c phn t trong hng i xung khng, nu c chuyn sang
bc 33, ngc li chuyn sang bc 28.
33. Thit lp c run =1, gn Ac_dn = Wt_dn, gn Wt_dn =0 ( chuyn phn t
t hng i ch c phc v sang hng i cn c phc v ), chuyn
sang bc 1.
34. So snh gi tr Temp vi Dn_max, nu Temp = Dn_max th chuyn sang
bc 38, ngc li chuyn sang bc 35
35. Gi chng trnh c bn phm ( Keyboard ), chuyn sang bc 37.
36. Kim tra sensor S05, nu c chuyn sang bc 36, ngc li chuyn sang
bc 37.
37. Tng gi tr tng hin ti, reset cc sensor S03, S04 v S05, chuyn sang
bc 9.
38. Ra lnh gim tc, chuyn sang bc 39.
39. Kim tra Sensor S04, nu c chuyn sang bc 40, ngc li chuyn sang
bc 39.
40. Ra lnh dng, chuyn sang bc 41.
bc 41.
Huy Mnh 30
42. Tng gi tr tng hin ti, xo hng i, tr s phn t trong hng i xung
i mt gi tr , chuyn Ac_dn = Wt_dn, gn Wt_dn = 0, chuyn sang bc
44.
43. Thit lp c run =1, set TIM0 ( tr thi gian ch m ca ),chuyn sang bc
44.
44. Kim tra TIM0, nu ht thi gian tr chuyn sang bc 47, ngc li
chuyn sang bc 45.
45. Gi chng trnh c bn phm ( Keyboard ) , chuyn sang bc 46.
48. Kim tra Ac_dn ( s phn t c trong hng i xung cn c phc v
trong hnh trnh hin ti ), Ac_dn = 0 chuyn sang bc 49, ngc li
chuyn sang bc 1.
50. Kim tra c Over_weight ( qu ti ), nu Over_weight = 0 chuyn sang
bc 51, Over_weight = 1 chuyn sang bc 50.
51. Bo chung qu ti, gi chng trnh Keyboard, chuyn sang bc 50.
52. Kim tra c ng ca hon ton ( Close ), close = 1 chuyn sang bc 53,
54. Thit lp c running = 1 ( ang chy ), v ra lnh chy xung, chuyn sang
bc 55.
bc 56.
57. Gn Temp = current ( current l tng hin ti ), chuyn sang bc 58.
58. Kim tra Ac_dn ( s phn t c trong hng i ln cn c phc v trong
hnh trnh hin ti ), Ac_dn = 0 chuyn sang bc 80, ngc li chuyn
sang bc 59.
59. Kim tra xem tng sp n c cn dng khng, nu c chuyn sang bc
63, ngc li chuyn sang bc 60.
bc 59.
62. Gim ch s tng hin ti, Reset cc sensor S03, S04, S05, chuyn sang
bc 55.
Huy Mnh 31

bc 64.
bc 66.
67. Gim gi tr tng hin ti, xo hng i, tr s phn t trong hng i
xung i mt gi tr , set TIM0 ( tr thi gian ch m ca ), chuyn sang
bc 68.
chuyn sang bc 71.
72. Kim tra Ac_dn ( s phn t c trong hng i ln cn c phc v trong
hnh trnh hin ti ), Ac_dn = 0 chuyn sang bc 73, ngc li chuyn
sang bc 1.
73. Kim tra s phn t trong hng i xung Wt_up, Wn_up = 0 th chuyn
75. So snh gi tr Up_min ( phn t nh nht trong hng i ln ) vi tng hin
ti , nu Up_min = current chuyn sang bc 77, ngc li chuyn sang
bc 76.
76. Gi chng trnh m ca, xo phn t trong hng i ln, gim s phn t
trong hng i ln i mt gi tr, chuyn sang bc 78.
77. So snh gi tr Up_min ( phn t nh nht trong hng i ln ) vi tng hin
ti , nu Up_min > current chuyn sang bc 1, ngc li chuyn sang bc
79.
78. Kim tra xem c phn t trong hng i ln khng, nu c chuyn sang
79. Thit lp c run =1, gn Ac_up = Wt_up, gn Wt_up =0 ( chuyn phn t
t hng i ch c phc v sang hng i cn c phc v ), chuyn
sang bc 1.
80. So snh gi tr Temp vi Up_min, nu Temp = Up_min th chuyn sang
Huy Mnh 32
bc 80.
83. Gim gi tr tng hin ti, reset cc sensor S03, S04 v S05, chuyn sang
bc 55.
bc 85.
bc 87.
88. Gim gi tr tng hin ti, xo hng i, tr s phn t trong hng i ln i
mt gi tr , chuyn Ac_up = Wt_up, gn Wt_up = 0, chuyn sang bc 89.
89. Thit lp c run =1, set TIM0 ( tr thi gian ch m ca ),chuyn sang bc
90.
chuyn sang bc 91.
94. Kim tra Ac_up ( s phn t c trong hng i xung cn c phc v
trong hnh trnh hin ti ), Ac_up = 0 chuyn sang bc 95, ngc li
chuyn sang bc 1.
Trn c s cc thut ton trnh by, chng trnh iu khin thang my
c vit theo s Ladder trn phn mm SYSMAC do hng OMRON cung
cp, c sot li v np vo PLC. Tuy nhin do khng c iu kin (thiu
cc bn phm u vo, cc r le trung gian v.vv... ) nn khng th chy th
nghim chng trnh. Do trong phn tip theo, em s trnh by chng trnh
m phng thang my trn my tnh.
Huy Mnh 33
Chng III
thuyt minh s nguyn l
3.1
Gii thiu chung s nguyn l ton h thng
S nguyn l chung cho ton h thng c m t trn hnh 3-1. Trong

i tng c iu khin l cabin thang my. ng c truyn ng chnh l
ng c khng ng b rotor lng sc. ng c c cung cp ngun bi bin
tn, l bin tn 3 pha loi MICRO MASTER ca hng SIEMENS ( c ) ch
to. Trc u vo ca bin tn c lp b lc chng nhiu nh hng n li
xoay chiu. Ton b h thng c iu khin bi thit b iu khin logic kh
trnh PLC , l loi PLC CPM1A-40CDR do hng OMRON ( Nht bn) ch to
gm 24 u vo ( Input ), 16 u ra ( Output ).
Bin tn c 3 u vo s t hp thnh 8 tn s t trc cho php n hot
ng khi c tn hiu u vo tng ng. Cc u vo ny c nh s t 10 n
12 v c ni vo cc u ra t IR 010.00 n IR 010.02 tng ng trn PLC.
PLC s iu khin bin tn hot ng theo cc tn s c t trc ny ph
hp vi gin vn tc ti u cho iu khin thang my.
cung cp cc tn hiu cn thit cho qu trnh iu khin, trong s c
s dng bn phm gi tng c t trong cabin thang my gm 64 phm trong
cc phm t 1 n 60 c dng cho vic gi n cc tng tng ng, 3 phm
khc l Open gi m ca nhanh, Close gi ng ca nhanh, Emer gi
dng thang my khn cp. Bn phm gi tng c 7 u ra c ni vo u vo
ca PLC nh sau :
- u bo c phm gi ( bo ngt ) c a vo u vo IR 000.04 gi
chng trnh ngt SBN 001 cho x l phm gi tng. Chng trnh ny s t hp
cc u vo IR 000.06 n IR 000.11 ( 6 u ) tng ng vi cc bit d liu t
D0 n D5 ca bn phm gi tng a n theo m nh phn v xc nh c v
tr tng cn n a vo nh m v bo c keybuff01( c phm gi tng )
cho chng trnh chnh x l.
U li
Huy Mnh 34
S nguyn l h thng iu khin thang my

s dng thit b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC
Bin tn
Bung iu khin
B lc
( Filter )
Gii m
7 thanh
PLC
Gii m
7 thanh
LED
Vi x l
bn phm
gi thang
ng c
Sn tng
Sensor 5
Sensor 4
Sensor 3
Khi iu khin
ng c ca
Sensor 2
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
56 57 58 59 60 Open Close Emer
Sensor 1
Bn phm gi tng
Phm gi ln
Phm gi xung
Sn tng
Cabin thang my
Hnh 3-1: S nguyn l ton h thng
Huy Mnh 35
Bn phm gi thang gm 118 phm, trong ti mi tng t 2 nt, mt cho

gi thang my i ln, mt cho gi thang my i xung, tr trng hp c bit l
tng 1 ch c phm gi ln v tng thng ch c nt gi xung. Bn phm gi
thang c 8 u ra c ni vo u vo ca PLC nh sau :
- u bo c phm gi ( bo ngt ) c a vo u vo IR 000.05 gi
chng trnh ngt SBN 002 cho x l phm gi thang. Chng trnh ny s t
hp cc u vo IR 001.00 n IR 001.06 ( 7 u ) tng ng vi cc bit d liu
t D0 n D6 ca bn phm gi thang a n theo m nh phn v xc nh
c v tr tng cn n a vo nh m v bo c keybuff02( c phm gi
thang ) cho chng trnh chnh x l.
c th pht hin c v tr thang my khi cn iu chnh tc cng
nh hm dng, trong n c s dng cc sensor phi tip im theo nguyn l
quang hc c nh s t Sensor 1 n Sensor 5, tt c cc sensor ny c u
song song vo u vo ngt 000.03 gi chng trnh ngt SBN 000 cho x l
sensor.
Vic cung cp thng tin v v tr tng hin ti m thang ang hot ng
c thc hin nh cc n LED. Cc n LED ny c ni vo cc u ra IR
100.00 n IR 100.03 cho ch s hng chc v IR 100.04 n 100.07 cho ch s
hng n v thng qua cc mch gii m 16 t 4 s dng EPROM 2764.
Ngoi ra, h thng ng c ng m ca cng c PLC iu khin thng
qua u vo IR 001.07 bo tn hiu ca ng hon ton cho php ng c
khi ng, trong trng hp ngc li th ng c s khng c php khi
ng; tn hiu cho php ng c ca quay theo chiu m ca ra c ly trn
u ra IR 010.06, tn hiu cho php ng c ca quay theo chiu ng ca vo
c ly trn u ra IR 010.07.
m bo an ton trong cc trng hp s c, cc thit b an ton hot
ng c lp vi phn iu khin nh phanh d, l xo thu lc v.v... s hot
ng. Ngoi ra trong bung thang cn t mt phm bm chung hot ng nh
ngun mt chiu cung cp c lp bo tn hiu khi c s c mt in li.
3.2
nguyn tc hot ng ca h thng
Khi chng trnh c vit xong, c kim nh v np vo PLC cng

vi cc iu kin khc cho thang my hot ng c m bo th c th khi
ng h thng. Trc ht ta cp ngun cho PLC v n chuyn sang trng thi
RUN ( n RUN sng ). Sau ng cu dao cung cp ngun cho bin tn v
thang my sn sng hot ng. Ti thi im hot ng ln u tin, thang my
Huy Mnh 36
c t tham s tng hot ng hin ti l 1 v n s thay i trong sut qu

trnh hot ng sau ny. Tham s ny s c lu li trong sut qu trnh hot
ng k c khi mt ngun cung cp v c cc LED hin th khi thang my
hot ng.
h thng hot ng tt th phi tin hnh bo dng nh k theo cc
quy nh ca nh sn xut cc thit b s dng trong h thng.
Huy Mnh 37
Chng IV
Chng trnh m phng thang my
4.1
Mc ch
minh ho cc thut ton c s dng khi vit chng trnh cho PLC,
trong bn n ny em vit mt chng trnh m phng thang my trn ngn
ng C. Chng trnh cng ng thi c s dng kim tra c tnh thc t
ca h thng nh phn v th tn hiu phn hi tc c ly qua b chuyn
i A/D lp trn card giao tip.
4.2
S dng chng trnh
4.2.1 Mn hnh ca chng trnh

Ton b phn mn hnh ca chng trnh c m t trn hnh 4-1; trong
gm cc phn :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Cabin thang my.

Cc phm gi thang t ti ca tng.
LED hin th tng hin ti ca thang my.
Tng hin ti ca to nh.
Phm gi tng gn nht.
Phm gi thang gn nht.
Hng i ln.
Hng i xung.
th tc thc ca thang my c v theo s liu u ra ca bin tn.
4.2.2 Cc quy nh v s dng phm trong chng trnh.

Do phi s dng bn phm ca my tnh nn trong chng trnh, vic bm
phm c quy nh nh sau:
Huy Mnh 38
a. Phm gi thang
Phm gi thang ln: Ngi gi phi bm vo s tng m ngi ang
ng ( t 1 n 999 ) nh s dng cc phm s trn bn phm v bm phm mi
tn ln, v d c ngi ang tng 30 cn i ln th ngi phi n s 3, sau
l s 0 ri n phm mi tn ln.
Phm gi thang xung: Ngi gi phi bm vo s tng m ngi ang
ng ( t 1 n 999 ) v bm phm mi tn xung.
b. Phm gi tng
Ngi gi phi bm vo s tng m ngi cn n ( t 1 n 999 ) v
bm phm Enter.
4.2.3. Khi ng chng trnh.

Trc khi chy chng trnh, cng vic cn thit l phi kim tra cc u
ni iu khin t card giao tip n bin tn, kim tra card giao tip, kim tra
ngun cung cp cho bin tn m bo an ton trong khi chy.
Chng trnh m phng thang my nm gn trong mt file c tn l
Lift.exe; do chng trnh s dng phn ho nn nht thit bn phi c cc file
ho trong cng th mc vi chng trnh ni trn.
Mun khi ng chng trnh, ta ch cn thc hin vic chy chng trnh
ui EXE thng thng trn DOS hoc trn WINDOWS.
4.3. Cc hot ng ca chng trnh.
Khi khi ng xong, chng trnh bt u chy th thang my c t ti
tng 1 v sn sng ch c cc tn hiu gi thang cng nh gi tng. Nu c tn
hiu gi hp l, chng trnh s qut v a vo hng i.
Khi hng i c ngi cn phc v, thang my trong chng trnh m
phng s hot ng theo ng hnh trnh cn phc v. ng thi nh s dng
mch bin i trn cng ra s nm trn mt card giao tip gia my tnh vi thit
b ngoi vi nn chng trnh c th iu khin trc tip mt bin tn, m c
ni vi mt ng c khng ng b rotor lng sc, vi vn tc tun theo gin
ti u dnh cho truyn ng thang my. Tc ng c cng c v m phng
theo thi gian thc nh s dng mch chuyn i A/D trn card giao tip ni
trn. Ngoi ra, v tr tng hin ti c chng trnh hin th ra trn hng LED c
trn card giao tip.
Huy Mnh 39
th tc ng c
Hng i xung
Hng i ln
Hnh 4-1: Mn hnh chng trnh m phng hot ng ca thang my.
Huy Mnh 40
Ti liu tham kho

[1] V Quang Hi, Nguyn Vn Cht, Nguyn Th Lin Anh
Trang b in-in t my cng nghip dng chung, NXB Gio dc 1994
[2] CPM1A- Programmable Controllers - OPERATION MANUAL
OMRON 1996
[3] Programmable Controllers - Biginners Guide to PLC, OMRON 1996
[4] Programmable Controllers - PROGRAMMING MANUAL, OMRON 1996
[5] Nguyn Xun Qunh
L thuyt mch lgic v k thut s , NXB i hc v gio dc chuyn nghip
1991
[6] Nguyn Quc Trung
X l tn hiu v lc s , NXB Khoa hc k thut 1998
[7] Ng Din Tp
o lng v iu khin bng my tnh , NXB Khoa hc v k thut 1997
[8] Trn B Thi, Nguyn Tr Cng
K thut vi x l , NXB Khoa hc v k thut 1983
[9] Trn B Thi, Nguyn Tr Cng, Nguyn Vn Tam, V Duy Li, Ph Mnh Li
iu khin v ghp ni cc thit b ngoi vi , NXB Thng k 1987
[10] Vn Th Minh
K thut vi x l , NXB Gio dc 1997
[11] Nguyn Mnh Giang
K thut ghp ni my vi tnh , NXB Gio dc 1997
Huy Mnh 41
[12] Trn Quang Vinh

Cu trc my vi tnh , NXB Gio dc 1997
[13] L Vn Doanh, Phm Khc Chng
K thut vi iu khin , NXB Khoa hc k thut 1998
[14] Phm Cng Ng
L thuyt iu khin t ng , NXB Khoa hc k thut 1994
[15] Nguyn Phng Quang
iu khin t ng truyn ng in xoay chiu ba pha, NXB Gio dc 1996
[16] Bi Quc Khnh, Phm Quc Hi, Nguyn Vn Lin, Dng Vn Nghi
iu chnh t ng truyn ng in, NXB Khoa hc k thut 1996
[17] Perter Norton
Nhp mn Assembler , NXB gio dc 1995
[18] Microprocessor and IC families
Intel Corporation 1993
[19] V Quang Lp v Trn Xun Minh
K thut bin i, H K thut cng nghip Thi nguyn.
THC HANH IEU KHIEN LAP TRNH PLC - MANG PLC
MUC LUC
PHAN 1:
THC HANH LAP TRNH IEU KHIEN PLC VI S7-200 & S7-300
Buoi thc hanh so 1:

Buoi thc hanh so 2:
Buoi thc hanh so 3:
Buoi thc hanh so 4:
Buoi thc hanh so 5:
Buoi thc hanh so 6:
Buoi thc hanh so 7:
Buoi thc hanh so 8:
PHAN 2:
THC HANH GIAO TIEP GIA NGI VA MAY (HMI)
Buoi thc hanh so 9:

Buoi thc hanh so 10:
PHAN 3:
Tiep can thiet b, ngon ng va hoan chnh bai thc hanh

Thc hanh cac lenh tiep iem xuat nhap, EU, ED, SET,
RESET tren S7-200
ieu khien Timer va Counter tren S7-200
Thc hanh mot so lenh bit logic tren S7-300
Thc hanh mot so lenh toan hoc, so sanh, chuyen oi d lieu,
x ly d lieu
Cac bo nh thi tren S7-300
Cac tac vu em tren S7-300
Lap trnh chng trnh con
Cac thuoc tnh, s kien ieu khien, oi tng ieu khien cua
Protool/Pro, giao tiep gia ngi va may.
S kien chuyen ong qua trnh va x ly bang VBScript.
THC HANH MANG PLC
nh ngha va xac lap mang PROFIBUS-DP 1 Master va 2

Slaver, kiem tra truyen thong mang. Cac bai toan ieu khien
tuan t cua moi thanh phan ieu khien.
Nang cap mang PROFIBUS-DP co chc nang HMI. Giam sat
va ieu khien cac I/O hien co tren cac thiet b ieu khien chu
va t trong mang.
BUOI THC HANH SO 1

TIEP CAN THIET B, NGON NG VA HOAN CHNH BAI THC HANH
1. TIEP CAN THIET B
1.1.
Gii thieu thiet b
Module Standard CPU 200 & 300
Digital Expanded Module
Analog Expanded Module
Communication Module
1.2.
Ket noi thiet b ngoai vi vi CPU, Expanded Module
1.2.1. Cac thiet b vao ra so, tng t c s dung trong khoa thc hanh
Cac loai tac ong c
Cac loai cam bien so va tng t
Cac thiet b chap hanh: valve, motor, relay.
1.2.2. Xac nh cac ac trng cua au noi
Nguon cung cap, ac tnh
Khai niem Bit, Byte, Word, Double Word; Gan a ch va ten goi cua bien vao
ra
2. NGON NG
2.1. Cu phap, cau truc
Nam ro chu ky quet cua chng trnh, ban chat cac lenh, tham so, toan hang va
to chc cac lenh theo qua trnh hoat ong cua he thong.
2.2. Cong cu lap trnh
Lam quen cac chc nang phan mem
S dung cac cau lenh
Tai va oc chng trnh
2.3. nh ngha cau hnh
Nha san xuat thiet ke va che tao cac loai CPU t 300 tr lean vi muc ch s dung
cho cac giai phap mang tch hp he thong san xuat t ong. Do o e CPU lam viec va
hieu c cac module tng tac vi no th ngi dung phai nh ngha cau hnh cng
cho chung.
Cac bc nh cau hnh phan cng cho CPU S7-300
2.3.1. Sinh vien t tao cho ban than mot th muc rieng biet vi MSSV vi ng
dan D:\TN_PLC\ .
2.3.2. nh ngha cau hnh cng S7-300
File New s dung Browse e chon th muc a tao, go ten file vao hop
thoai Name, Enter va xuat hien khung ca so lam viec cua moi trng S7-300 co
cha file co ten ma chung ta va tao.
Vao menu Insert Station SIMATIC 300 Station.
Kch chuot vao o dau (+) cua ten file, xuat hien bieu tng SIMATIC 300 va
chon chung, bieu tng Hardware ben ca so phai cua man hnh lam viec S7-300
xuat hien.
Nhan chuoc 2 lan vao Hardware th xuat hien ca so nh ngha cau hnh cng
cho S7 300.
Kch vao dau (+) cua bieu tng SIMATIC 300, sau o kch vao dau (+) cua
RACK 300 va chon Rail.
Kch vao dau (+) cua PS-300 va chon PS 307 2A.
Kch dau (+) CPU-300, chon CPU 315-2 DP, sau o chon 6ES7 315-2AF030AB0.
Kch dau (+) SM-300 roi kch DI/DO 300 chon SM 323 DI16/DO16x24V/0.5A
Kch dau (+) SM-300 roi kch AI/AO chon SM334 AI4/AO2x8/8Bit.
Kch dau (+) SIMATIC 300, sau o chon bieu tng Blocks va xuat hien ca so
viet chng trnh cho S7-300. Co the lap trnh theo Ladder.
Chon bieu tng Download e tai chng trnh xuong CPU S7-300.
2.3.3. Hien th trang thai tn hieu phu thuoc chng trnh : dung e quan sat trang thai
hoat ong tn hieu hien hanh cua cac toan hang. e thc hien cong viec nay chung ta vao
menu Debug -> Monitor ( cac dang phng phap lap trnh).
3.
HOAN CHNH BAI THC HANH
Trnh t cac bc thc hanh c xay dng logic tren c s thiet ke va xay dng mot he
thong ieu khien bang PLC hoac mot he thong mang PLC thc tien. ieu nay giup cho
sinh vien at c ket qua tot nhat khi tham gia vao qua trnh cong tac sau nay.
Mo ta mot v du mau ve viec hoan chnh bai thc hanh.
Phat bieu bai toan:
Viet chng trnh cho PLC ieu khien thiet b khoan thuy lc cua mot au khoan t
ong mo ta hnh 1, vi yeu cau ky thuat nh sau: a chi tiet vao v tr can khoan, roi an
nut Drill Start, mui khoan xoay, au khoan tnh tien va khoan chi tiet. at u chieu sau
khoan can thiet (S4 tac ong), au khoan t ong quay ve va ket thuc mot chu ky khoan
tai S3. Trong qua trnh gia cong neu xay ra s co ta an nut Home Back, au khoan t ong
lui ve.
a) Bang gan nhiem vu I/O
Input (ngo vao)
Ten goi
a ch
Drill Start
I0.0
Home Back I0.1
S3
I0.2
S4
I0.3
Output (ngo ra)

Ten goi a ch
Sol 1Y
Q0.0
b) Bieu o trang thai

I0.0
I0.1
Hnh 1 C cau khoan
I0.2
I0.3
Q0.0
Bieu o trang thai theo thi gian

c) Ket noi thiet b ngoai vi vi PLC
d) Chng trnh
Network1: // Khi Drill Start
Power Supply
24 VDC
la 1 th 1Y c nh len 1.
A "Drill Start"
A "S3"
S "Solenoid 1Y"
Network2: // S4 la 1 hoac
Home Back la 0 th xoa 1Y
O "S4"
ON "Home Back"
R "Solenoid 1Y"
I0.0
Q0.0
I0.1
Q0.1
I0.2
Q0.2
I0.3
Q0.3
I0.4
Q0.4
I0.5
Q0.5
I0.6
Q0.6
I0.7
Q0.7
Drill Start
Home Back
S3
S4
1Y
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
BUOI THC HANH SO 2

THC HANH CAC LENH VE BIT LOGIC TREN S7-200
Muc ch.
Giup SV s dung thong thao c cac lenh ve tiep iem qua cac mo hnh thc.
Yeu cau:
SV Chuan b kien thc trc cho buoi thc hanh.
Tm hieu thiet b ngoai vi a lap rap tren mo hnh.
Xac nh cac lo jack ng vi a ch quy nh e ket noi thiet b vi PLC.
Thi lng thc hanh: 5 tiet
Noi dung cac bc thc hien ( phan danh cho Sinh vien):
a. Noi dung :
Thc hanh cac lenh tiep iem.
Thc hanh cac lenh Set (S), Reset (R).
Thc hanh cac lenh xet canh len (EU), canh xuong (ED).
b. Cac bc thc hien moi bai :
Thc hien bang gan nhiem vu I/0 (Input/Ouput).
Ve bieu o trang thai cua qua trnh hoat ong he thong.
Lap mo hnh th nghiem (neu co).
Trnh bay chng trnh dang STL ( Statement List).
Ket luan & anh gia (phan danh cho Giang Vien hng dan):
Bai 1: ao chieu ong c

Viet chng trnh ieu khien e ao chieu ong c ien DC. Nhan PB_CW e ong
c quay cung chieu kim ong ho, nhan PB_CCW e ong c quay ngc chieu kim ong
ho. Nhan PB_STOP e dng ong c.
Ghi chu : co s dung mo hnh (ong c DC).
Sinh vien phai thc hien cac phan sau:
1. Thc hien bang gan nhiem vu I/0 (Input/Ouput).
Input (ngo vao)
Mo ta
Output (ngo ra)

Mo ta
a ch
2. Ve bieu o trang thai cua qua trnh hoat ong he thong.
3. Ve s o ket noi thiet b vi PLC.

Error!
4. Trnh bay chng trnh dang STL ( Statement List) :
a ch
Bai 2: He thong kep chat va khoan chi tiet

Viet chng trnh ieu khien he thong khoan chi tiet vi phoi c cap bang tay
2.0
S4
S3
o ga kep
1.0
Piston 1.0
S2
S1
Bc thc hien
3 4
5
2
0
1
Piston 2.0 0
b. Bieu o trang thai
a. S o nguyen ly
Hnh 2 Nguyen ly lam viec cua may khoan

Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta

7
a ch
Bai 3:
Viet chng trnh ieu khien he thong khoan chi tiet vi phoi c cap t ong, he thong
c mo ta hnh 3. Nguyen ly lam viec cua he thong khoan lam viec nh sau: Phoi c
chuyen bang bang tai, en ngay v tr gia cong th S0 tac ong lam piston 1.0 c tac ong
bi van 5/2/1 side se nay chi tiet vao
3.0
v tr kep phoi va S2 c tac ong,
piston 1.0 tr ve v tr ban au. Khi
S5
S1 tac ong, piston 2.0 dch chuyen
S6
ma kep en kep chat phoi t S3 -> S4
o ga kep
, khi S4 tac ong th piston 3.0 se
S2 S0 S1
1.0
mang au khoan i xuong e thc
hien gia cong lo va at en chieu
S4
sau lo, tc la S6 tac ong th piston 2.0
S3
3.0 giat ve, khi S5 tac ong th piston
Hnh 3 C cau khoan vi phoi cap t ong
2.0 giat ma kep ve v tr ban au e
thao chi tiet ra.
Input (ngo vao)
Mo ta
Output (ngo ra)

Mo ta
a ch
a ch
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
BUOI THC HANH SO 3

THC HANH TIMER VA COUNTER TREN S7-200
Muc ch.
Giup SV hieu c ban chat cua Timer va s dung thong thao c cac lenh ve
Timer.
Yeu cau:
Chuan b cac thiet b ngoai vi.
Nam vng cac kien thc ly thuyet ve PLC va ky thuat so.
Thi lng thc hanh: 5 tiet
Noi dung cac bc thc hien ( phan danh cho Sinh vien):
a. Noi dung :
Thc hanh Timer loai TON, TOF.
Thc hanh Timer loai co nh (TONR).
Thc hanh cac bo em: CU, CD, CUD
Ket luan & anh gia (phan danh cho Giang Vien hng dan):
10
Bai 4: Chuyen che o hoat ong cua ong c t che o sao (Y) sang tam giac ().
Tac ong tn hieu khi ong ( bang nut nhan PB Start) ong c khi ong che o
(Y), sau 5 giay th ong c chuyen sang hoat ong che o (). Dng ong c tac ong tn
hieu ngng ( bang nut nhan PB Stop).
Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta
a ch
Bai 5: Thiet ke xac nh nh quyen u tien.

Yeu cau cua luat chi:
1) Sau khi giam khao hoan tat cau hoi.
11
2) Ba th sinh se nhan cong tac gan tren

ban nam pha trc mat ho e gianh
quyen au tien la ngi tra li cau hoi.
3) Buzzer se phat tieng keu trong 10 giay
sau khi mot trong cac th sinh cham vao
cong tac.
4) en bao pha trc moi th sinh se
sang va ch se c reset bang cong tac
cua thay giam khao.
Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta
12
a ch
Bai 6: He thong ieu khien xe ra vao bai xe

He thong ieu khien bai au xe cha toi a la
12 chiec mo ta hnh 4. Moi lan xe vao, PLC t ong
tang them 1 bi cam bien phat hien xe S1. Bat ky mot
chiec xe nao i ra khoi bai, PLC se t ong giam i 1
bi cam bien phat hien S2. Khi 12 chiec xe c ang
ky, bang hieu ay xe se c sang len thong bao en
cac xe khong c vao na.
1. Thc hien bang gan nhiem
(Input/Ouput).
Input (ngo vao)
Mo ta
vu
I/0
Hnh 4 Bai au xe
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
13
a ch
Buoi thc hanh so 4:

THC HANH MOT SO LENH BIT LOGIC TREN S7-300
1. Muc ch.
Giup SV tiep can vi bo ieu khien PLC S7-300 va thc hien mot so lenh c ban.
2. Yeu cau:
Nam vng cac kien thc ly thuyet ve PLC S7-300.
3. Thi lng thc hanh: 5 tiet
4. Noi dung cac bc thc hien ( phan danh cho Sinh vien):
a. Noi dung :
nh cau hnh phan cng cho PLC S7-300.
Thc hanh mot so lenh c ban ve bit logic.
5. Ket luan & anh gia (phan danh cho Giang Vien hng dan):
14
Bai 7: He thong t ong ong m ca cho xe ra vao kho hang.

Khi xe ang tien ve gan ca kho,
cam bien SS1 nhan dang c xe va
ca se c m ra en gap gii han
hanh trnh tren LS2 th ca dng lai roi
xe chay vao. Khi cam bien quang SS2
at pha trong cong ca nhan dang
c xe a i qua khoi ca th ca se
c ong lai, cham vao gii han hanh
trnh di LS1 th ca dng lai. Trng
hp xe i chieu ngc lai cung tng
t.
Chu y: mo hnh hnh 5 c thay
Hnh 5 - mo hnh ong m ca t ong
the cho he thong ong ca xe vao kho
hang. ong m ca bang piston duoi ra va thut vao vi valve 5/3/2 side.
Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta
a ch
15
Bai 8:
Viet chng trnh ieu khien c cau thao va lap dao cat trong may gia cong CNC. C cau
thao lap dao lam viec theo nguyen ly c mo ta bieu o trang thai hnh 6.
ong c
A
Truc chnh
B
Tay gap
C

Input (ngo vao)
Mo ta
a ch
Output (ngo ra)

Mo ta
a ch
16
17
Buoi thc hanh so 5:

THC HANH LENH TOAN, CHUYEN OI D LIEU, X LY D LIEU
TREN S7-300
1. Muc ch.
Giup SV name ro va ng dung mot so lenh toan hoc, lenh chuyen oi d lieu, lenh
truyen va nhan d lieu tren thanh ghi va thc hien viec x ly d lieu PLC S7-300.
2. Yeu cau:
a. Noi dung :
Thc hanh mot so lenh truyen va nhan d lieu thanh ghi qua cac o nh
PQW, PIW cua module A/D va D/A.
Thc hanh cac lenh toan hoc, so sanh, chuyen oi.
18
Bai 9:
He thong kiem tra lc ep cua mot piston
kh nen c mo ta hnh 7, trong o tai ep c
mo ta bang mot c cau lo xo c gan vao au
than xy lanh. Dung cam bien ap suat e o ap
suat kh tac ong vao khoan piston. Ta thay oi
ap suat ep bang cach ieu chnh bang van chnh
ap.
Viet chng trnh bieu dien gia tr thc
cua lc ep len tai ng vi ap suat kh la 350 kPa.
1. Thc hien bang gan nhiem vu I/0
(Input/Ouput).
Input (ngo vao)
Mo ta
a ch
Hnh 7 mo hnh kiem tra lc ep

Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
19
a ch
Bai 10:
He thong ieu khien v tr cua
mot qua trnh ep thuy lc c mo ta
hnh 8, trong o ai lng v tr c
xac nh nh mot position transducer
phan hoi ve module A/D.
Viet chng trnh bieu dien gia
tr v tr thc cua hanh trnh dch
chuyen ta co the quan sat. Viet chng
trnh ieu khien piston dch chuyen t
v tr zero (0 mm) en 90 mm roi giat
ve v tr 75mm ro dng han.
Chu y: toc o dch chuyen cham
vi van toc 180mm/phut bang cach
ieu chnh van tiet lu gan ngo vao
trc van chnh hng.
Hnh 8 ieu khien v tr

Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta
20
a ch
Bai 11:
Viet chng trnh oc va hien th tai trong cua mot vat the co khoi lng P=1750
kG c at tren mot tam phang co chieu day, khong b bien dang tai iem O va tam
phang nay c co nh tren 4 loadcell phan bo theo chieu ngang la 1,2 m, chieu doc la 1,6
m.
Cho biet ac tnh loadcell mmax = 2000kG, ien ap ra 0 10 volt.
Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta
a ch
21
Buoi thc hanh 6

IEU KHIEN TIMER
1. Muc ch.
Giup SV tiep can va hieu c ban chat cua cac Timer cua S7-300.
2. Yeu cau:
a. Noi dung :
Thc hanh cac chc nang va thanh phan cua Timer: SP, SE, SD, SF, SS.
at cac gia tr tr hoan theo cac kieu d lieu khac nhau.
22
Bai 12:
Mo ta viec ieu khien tn hieu en giao thong cac giao lo vi cac thong so ve
thi gian nh sau : en Xanh 1 sang 25 giay, en o 1 sang 30 giay, en Vang 1 sang 5
giay. Khi ong he thong bang cach nhan PB_START, dng bang cach nhan PB_STOP.
Chu y : co s dung mo hnh (Bo tn hieu en giao thong).
Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta
a ch
23
Bai 13:
Viet chng trnh ieu khien tay may kh
nen toa o Castesian gap san pham va di chuyen
en mot v tr khac, tr au san pham (xoay 1800)
ro nha ra. Tay may c mo ta hnh 10 bao gom
cac chuyen ong: OX, OY, XOY, kep trong mat
phang XOZ lam viec theo bieu o trang thai di
nay.
1. Thc hien bang gan nhiem vu I/0
(Input/Ouput).
Input (ngo vao)
Mo ta
Hnh 10 C cau tay may gap san pham
Output (ngo ra)

Mo ta
a ch
24
a ch
Buoi thc hanh so 7

IEU KHIEN COUNTER
1. Muc ch.
Giup SV s dung thong thao c cac lenh ve cac bo em cua PLC S7-300.
2. Yeu cau:
Nam vng cac kien thc ve cac bo em,ly thuyet ve PLC va ky thuat so .
a. Noi dung :
Thc hanh Counter loai em CU, CD, SC.
Gan cac gia tr em at trc, oc cac gia tr em tc thi trong thanh
ghi di dang BCD, Binary.
Lap mo hnh th nghiem hoac khao sat cac mo hnh co san.
25
Bai 14:
Viet chng trnh ieu khien toc o chuyen ong cua ong c dau chay theo chieu
kim ong ho. Toc o ban au cua ong c la 50 v/ph chay trong 100 vong toc o c tang
len 100 v/ph, sau 300 vong th toc o
tang lean 150 v/ph va chay trong 200
vong th dng. Mo hnh c mo ta
hnh 11. Cho biet:
Valve servo dau e ieu khien thay
oi lu lng dau vao xy lanh ong
c, dan en toc o ong c thay oi.
ien ap ieu khien valve servo co
tam 0 10 volt tng van toc cua
ong c 0 200v/ph.
Sinh vien phai thc hien cac phan

sau:
Hnh 11 mo hnh ieu khien toc o ong c
1. Thc hien bang gan nhiem
vu I/0 (Input/Ouput).
Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta
a ch

26
Bai 15:
Thiet ke chng trnh ieu khien cho c cau ong goi san pham.
He thong ong goi co nguyen
tac lam viec nh sau: san pham c
van chuyen tren mot bang tai cap san
pham, mot cam bien SS1 phat hien
san pham en v tr ch. Tiep tuc 3
san pham tiep theo va c nay en
v tr ch, luc nay v tr ch se u 6
san pham va c piston 3 i xuong,
piston 4di chuyen kep 6 chi tiet, roi
piston 3 rut lean va piston 2 di
chuyen 6 san pham en va bo vao
thung ang name ch san tren bang
tai van chuyen san pham ong goi
nh cam bien phat hien SS2.
Hnh 12 mo hnh ong goi san
Sinh vien phai thc hien cac phan

sau:
Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta
27
a ch
28
Bai 16:
Viet chng trnh phat 100 xung nhp co tan so 2Hz. Khi nhan nut phat th bo tao
xung mi lam viec. Nhan nut Stop th dng phat.
Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta
29
a ch
Buoi thc hanh 8

CHNG TRNH CON TREN S7-300
1. Muc ch.
Giup SV thc tap mot so bai tap co o phc tap cao.
2. Yeu cau:
Nam vng cac kien thc ve cach thiet lap cau hnh cho PLC S7-300 .
a. Noi dung :
Phan tch he thong lam viec, xac nh cau truc hoat ong he thong, a
ra ky thuat chng trnh.
Thc hanh bai tap ve s dung chng trnh con.
30
Bai 17: He thong ieu khien cua mot may dap.

Thc te trong mot he thong, may ieu khien co 2 che o van hanh: t ong va bang
tay. Che o t ong la may chay theo mot chng trnh a tao san; che o bang tay c
dung e th tng ong tac cua mot c cau trong he e kiem tra san pham tao ra trc khi
lam viec t ong hoac oi khi ta s dung che o nay e san xuat thay cho t ong khi h
hong.
Viet chngtrnh s dung chng trnh con cho he thong dap hai che o, nguyen tac hoat
ong nh sau:
au tien, chuyen qua che o tay a 2 pt tong ve v tr A va B. Do hau het pt tong
nam v tr lng chng cua xy lanh.
Tac ong tn hieu khi ong (nut nhan PB_START) pt tong kep chat dch chuyen t v
tr A en B thc hien kep chat phoi, luc nay LS2 c tac ong va pt tong dap dch
chuyen t v tr C en D e dap nh hnh phoi (theo hnh dang khuon) luc nay LS4 tac
ong lam cho pt tong dap lui ve C va LS3 tac ong. LS3 tac ong lam cho pt tong kep
dch chuyen t B ve A va LS1 tac ong thc hien lan dap tiep theo.
Chu y:
o Co s dung mo hnh (Bo th nghiep kh nen).
o PLC ch nhan tn hieu t PB_START khi ong thi LS1 va LS3 b tac
ong.
o Van ien t la 5/3/2side.
31

Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta
32
a ch
Bai 18:
Viet chng trnh
ieu khien tay may thuy lc
gap san pham nha trong
cac may ep nha mo ta
hnh 14. Cho biet so san
pham co 3 loai khac nhau
ve kch thc. Kch thc
san pham khac nhau co
ngha la khoang cach t v
tr gap san pham en v tr
zero cua tay may se khac
nhau. Khoang cach nay
Hnh 14 tay may gap san pham bang thuy lc
c xac nh b mot cam
bien v tr. Cho biet khoang cach nay la 240 mm, 275mm va 300mm.
Input (ngo vao)
Output (ngo ra)
Mo ta
a ch
Mo ta
33
a ch
34
Buoi thc hanh so 9 + 10

Thc hanh giao tiep May tnh va PLC
1. Muc ch.
Giup SV tm hieu ve mot dang ieu khien PLC mi, ieu khien va giam sat PLC
thong qua may tnh nh cong cu Protool/Pro.
2. Yeu cau:
Nam vng cac kien thc ly thuyet ve PLC S7-300 va ProTool Pro.
4. Noi dung cac bc thc hien ( phan danh cho Sinh vien) :
a. Noi dung :
Gii thieu ve ProTool Pro V6.0.
Thc hanh mot so truyen nhan d lieu c ban trc tiep gia may tnh va
PLC S7-300.
Viet tieu luan trnh bay cac bai tap trong phan ProTool.
Nhan xet ve ProTool.
35
I . Gii thieu ve ProTool Pro CS :

Chon File New e tao mot Project mi. Xuat hien man hnh sau :
Chon PC (Giao tiep qua may tnh) va che o man hnh 800 * 600. Bam
Finish e bat au thc hien chng trnh. Man hnh Project se xuat hien :
36
Nhan Screens e bat au soan thao chng trnh.
Thanh cong cu cho viec soan thao giao dien se nh sau :
II . Mot so bai tap ve ProTool :

Bai 19 : ieu khien he thong ep thuy lc.
Nhan nut PB Start piston dch chuyen theo chieu A thc hien qua trnh ep khi gap LS2
piston se giat lui ve gap LS1 va lai tiep tuc qua trnh ep. Ep c 10 lan th ngng ep
tai v tr LS1. Khi ang ep, nhan nut PB Stop th he thong se dng tai v tr o. Chu y
piston co the name v tr bat ky trc khi bat au ep, do o khi nut PB Start c
nhan th piston se lui ve LS1 roi mi bat au qua trnh ep, hnh 15.
Tao giao dien mo ta qua trnh:
Tao nut nhan START, STOP.
The hien cac gia tr I/O len man hnh
Piston
may tnh.
Mo phong s hoat ong cua xylanh
ep.
LS1
LS2
Nhap vao mot gia tr at couter, khi
may dap lam u so san pham ung
Hnh 15 c cau ep thuy lc
bang tr at trc th ngng may.
Bai 20: Xay dng giao dien ieu

khien va giam sat v tr va toc o cua
piston ep thuy lc, mo ta hnh 16 :
Tao nut nhan START,
STOP.
Xac lap thong so v tr va
toc o cho qua trnh qua
man hnh may tnh.
The hien s bien oi cua v
tr va toc o piston.
Hnh 16 ieu khien v tr va toc o piston
37
Buoi thc hanh so 11 +12

Thc hanh MANG PLC - PROFIBUS
1. Muc ch.
Giup SV hieu ro them ve mang PLC theo giai phap Profibus, qua trnh
truyen thong d lieu tren mang, nhng thanh phan c ban ve cng cua mang, ket
noi gia cac PLC chu va t, va cac vung d lieu lien quan en mang.
2. Yeu cau:
Nam vng cac kien thc ly thuyet ve PLC S7-300 va ProTool Pro.
Xac nh ro cau hnh phan cng mang.
Hieu ro ve HMI.
4. Noi dung cac bc thc hien ( phan danh cho Sinh vien) :
a. Noi dung :
Gii thieu ve mang Profibus -DP.
Thc hanh noi cap mang.
nh cau hnh mang Profibus - DP.
Thu nhan d lieu t cac PLC.
Viet tieu luan trnh bay cac bai tap trong phan Profibus -DP.
Nhan xet ve Profibus.
5. Ket luan & anh gia (phan danh cho Giang Vien hng dan) :
38
I)
Gii thieu ve he thong mang Profibus :

1) Khai niem ve Profibus :
Giao thc Profibus DP c thiet ke cho truyen thong toc o cao vi cac thiet b xuat
nhap t xa. Co nhieu loai thiet b Profibus san co cua nhieu hang san xuat khac nhau. Cac
thiet b nay cung co nhieu loai, t cac module xuat nhap n gian en cac bo ieu khien
ong c va cac bo ieu khien lap trnh. Tren cac mang Profibus thng co mot thiet b chu
(Master) va cac thiet b t (Slave), thiet b chu khi ong mang va cho phep cac thiet b t
tren mang hieu c cau hnh. Thiet b chu lien tuc ghi d lieu ngo ra en cac thiet b t
va oc cac d lieu ngo vao t cac thiet b t. Khi mot chu DP at xong c au hnh cho mot
t th no se quan ly thiet b t o. Neu co mot chu th 2 tren mang th no se b han che
truy xuaten thiet b t ma thiet b chu th nhat quan ly.
2) nh cau hnh phan cng cho mang :
i)
Thc hien noi cap mang.
ii)
nh cau hnh cho PLC S7-300 (PLC Master) : tng t cach ng cau hnh
cho PLC trc ay.
iii)
Chen cau hnh cho cac PLC Slave :
Khi tien hanh at cau hnh mang cho cac PLC th trc tien ta phai chon module
ket noi, v module ket noi cua PLC S7-300 co uoi theo sau la DP nen khi tien
hanh at cau hnh mang th ta da tren cau hnh phan cng cho tram ta at.
Nhap up vao uoi DP th no se hien ra nhanh Profibus.
Chon a ch cho Master bang cach chung ta nhap up vao nhanh
Profibus th se hien ra a ch, a ch mac nh cua no la1.
Chon toc o truyen thong cho mang.
Chen module EM277 vao trong cau hnh mang : module EM277 la thiet
b truyen thong Profibus DP vi toc o truyen len ti 12MB. a ch
cua ieu khien t c nh ngha tren EM277.
Tai cau hnh mang xuong cho PLC, va bat au thc hien viec nh a
ch cac vung bien viet chng trnh cho PLC S7-300.
Bai tap thc hanh :
II)
39
Bai 21: Thc hanh ket noi va truyen nhan d lieu gia cac PLC, may tnh.
Ket noi cac tram mang, gom 1 PLC S7-300 lam master va 1 PLC S7-200 lam
slaver.
nh cau hnh mang.
Thc hien truyen nhan d lieu gia cac PLC the hien bang cac bit I/O thong qua
man hnh ProTool.
Bai 22: Thc hanh ket noi va truyen nhan d lieu gia cac PLC, may tnh. Mo ta mot qua
trnh t ong gom nhieu khau san xuat :
Ket noi cac tram mang, gom 1 PLC S7-300 (Master) va 2 PLC S7-200 (Slave).
nh cau hnh mang.
Thc hien viec truyen nhan va giam sat d lieu cac khau san xuat. Gia s cong
viec cac khau nh sau :
o PLC S7-300 thc hien cong viec ieu khien toc o ong c thuy lc.
o 1 PLC S7-200 thc hien cong viec cho xylanh dap mot hng lam viec.
o 1 PLC S7-200 thc hien cong viec oc tn hieu t cam bien ap suat.
Chu y : co s dung mo hnh (mo hnh kh nen, mo hnh thuy lc, ong c DC).
40
PHU LUC
Mot so bai giai tham khao
Bai 1:
Bai 4:
41
Bai 5:
42
Bai 6:
Bai 10:
43
Bai 12:
44
Bai 14:
45
46
Tai lieu tham khao

[1].
[2].
[3].
[4].
[5].
[6].
Automation with Micro PLC SIMATIC S7-200

Siemens, Germany.
A beginners guide to PLC
OMRON, Japan.
Statement List for S7-300 and S7-400 Programming
Siemens, Germany.
Le Van Tien Dung. ieu khien lap trnh PLC va mang
ai hoc Ky thuat Cong nghe TP.HCM, nam 2003.
Le Van Tien Dung. Nghien cu khoa hoc Xay dng he thong giam sat va ieu
khien thiet b ngoai vi va PLC bang may tnh
ai hoc Ky thuat Cong nghe TP.HCM, nam 2003.
Software: Protool/Pro, Simatic manager S7-300, Step7-200
Siemens, Germany.
47

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Khi c qua ti liu ny, nu pht hin sai st hoc ni dung km cht lng

xin hy thng bo chng ti sa cha hoc thay th bng mt ti liu cng

Thng tin lin h:

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

CHNG 3: NGN NG LP TRNH V NG DNG.

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

Stack0 bit u tin ca ngn xp.

Hnh 3.3: M t ngn xp ca S7 200.

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

3.3.Tp lnh S7-200:

Tp lnh iu khin ngt

Hnh 3.3: M t cy lnh vi SIMATIC S7-200.

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

Hnh 3.4: M t cy lnh bit.

Hnh 3.5: M t cy lnh can thip vo thi gian h thng.

Hnh 3.6: M t cy lnh truyn thng.

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

Hnh 3.7: M t cy lnh so snh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

Hnh 3.8: M t cy lnh bin i.

Hnh 3.9: M t cy lnh cc b m.

Hnh 3.10: M t cy lnh cc b nh thi.

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

Hnh 3.11: M t cy lnh iu khin ngt

Hnh 3.12: M t cy lnh hc kiu Floating-Point.

Hnh 3.13: M t cy lnh ton hc kiu Integer.

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

Hnh 3.14: M t cy lnh php tnh logic bin i.

Hnh 3.15: M t cy lnh di chuyn d liu.

Hnh 3.16: M t cy lnh iu khin chng trnh.

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

Hnh 3.17: M t cy lnh iu khin chng trnh.

Hnh 3.18: M t cy lnh lm vic vi chui.

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

Hnh 3.19: M t cy lnh lm vic vi bng d liu.

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

3.4.2. SIMATIC Bit Logic instruction:

o gi tr logic ca bit u tin

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

Bit u tin trong ngn xp c gi

1. SIMATIC Bit Logic Instructin:

Set 1 mng gm n tip im,

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

Reset 1 mng gm n tip im,

Set tc thi 1 mng gm n tip

Reset tc thi 1 mng gm n

Lnh rng, khng hot ng n

Hnh 3.21: V d minh ho lnh =, S, R trong chng trnh LAD v STL.

Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic

2. SIMATIC Copare Byte Instructions:

IB, QB, MB,