Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DIGITAL IMAGING
AND RADIATION
PROTECTION
ISSUES
Robert M. Gagne
MICAB/DECS/OST
rmg@cdrh.fda.gov
[From: Handbook of Medical Imaging, Volume I.,
Chapter 4, J. Beutel et al, eds, SPIE Press 2000]
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
Robert M. Gagn
e
Image Formation
[From: Handbook of Medical Imaging, Volume I.,
Chapter 4, J. Beutel et al, eds, SPIE Press 2000]
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
Image Formation
[From: Handbook of Medical Imaging, Volume I.,
Chapter 4, J. Beutel et al, eds, SPIE Press 2000]
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
Computed Radiography
Image Formation
[From: Handbook of Medical Imaging, Volume I.,
Chapter 5, M. Yaffee, eds, SPIE Press 2000]
Pixel Elements
(2160 x 1800)
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
Pixel Elements
(3000 x 2500)
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
Robert M. Gagn
e
Film/Screen Speed
Difference
in speed
of about 2
Film/screen speed
speed = 100/E where E is exposure in
mR to produce an optical density of
1.0
position on exposure axis dependent
on speed
higher speed number translates to
lower patient exposure
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
DR Speed
4500
4000
3500
Pixel Value
3000
Gain 1
Gain 2
2500
Gain 3
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Relative Exposure
DR operating point
equivalence to film/screen speed set
at installation?
no self limitation except at extreme
ends of the gray-scale transfer curve
patient exposure increase / decrease /
equivalence compared to film/screen?
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
Digital Radiography
(CCD based - lens coupled)
Visible
light
Digital
Radiography
System
X-rays
Lens
CCD
Camera
(image)
Robert M. Gagn
e
Robert M. Gagn
e
Options
Tracking exposure levels
NEXT 2001
chest radiography
diagnostic reference levels (ICRP,
AAPM, many others)
practical tools for managing radiation
dose levels to patients
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
Dose Display
Previous slide describes several viable
options
TEPRSSC
radiation standards and
safety committee
cost
effectiveness
alternatives?
dose descriptor and definition?
tie to diagnostic reference levels
effective resource allocation
TERPSSC
2001
Robert M. Gagn
e
Summary
Different types of DR
flat panel imaging arrays
computed radiography systems
CCD based - optically coupled systems
Robert M. Gagn
e