1

1

1.1

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1.2

. (casting) :
(sand), shell mold, investment, plaster mold,
(centrifugal), permanent mold, die, continuous,
electroform powder metallurgy casting.
,
.
Sand casting. ,
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(pattern).
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-1-

Shell molding.

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.
400 F
.
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, curing.
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Investment (lost wax process) casting.
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(tree).

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(investment)
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(plaster molds).

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(centrifugal castings).
,

-2-

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DeLavand sand-spun .
Permanent-mold casting.
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.
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slush permanent weld
.
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Corthias process
permanent mold.
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,
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Die casting.
(permanent mold casting),
.
die casting.
hot-chamber die casting
U, .
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cold-chamber die casting,

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Continuous casting.
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-3-

Electroforming.
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Powder metallurgy. ,
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1.3
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(Hot forging). Smith
(Smith forging)
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drop forging ,

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-4-

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H hot press forging
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upset forging
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swaging
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roll forging
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(Extrusion). (direct pressure
extrusion) ,
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(indirect pressure extrusion)

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(impact extrusion)
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Hot rolling. hot drawing ,
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hot spinning ,
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hot rolling
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(Cold forging). swaging

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-5-

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cold heading
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riveting cold heading,
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staking
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hobbing
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coining
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embossing
. coining ,
embossing .
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shot peening ,
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cold extrusion
hot extrusion.
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(Cold drawing).

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wire drawing
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stretch forming
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high-energy forming
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-6-

Cold rolling. form rolling

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seaming ()
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thread rolling
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spinning metal
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H shear forming direct
spinning,
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1.4 Shearing, Bending, or Drawing Presswork

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shearing
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-7-

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1.5
: (1)
, (2)
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, (4) .
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hammer, spot, seam, projection, cross-wire, flash upset
butt percussion welding.
(hammer welding)
.

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(spot welding)
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(seam welding)
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(projection welding)
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cross-wire
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flash upset butt
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upset .

-8-

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-9-

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electroslag
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micro-wire gas metal-arc
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Brazing.

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).

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- 10 -

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torch brazing
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resistance brazing
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furnace brazing
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dip brazing
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chemical bath brazing
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1.6

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. : toolroom, engine, bench,
jewelers, production, turret, automatic screw, .
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- 11 -

. :
, , bed type, planar type,
(thread), .

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. bed (planer)


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: sensitive, power-fed standard, radial, production, gang,
multiple spindle, .
(sensitive drill)
. (power-fed drill)
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(radial drill)
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gang drill
. gang drill presses ,
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Shaper planer. .
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, , openside double-housing .
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- 12 -

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Shaver broach.
. shaver

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Boring machines. boring
, jig borers.

- 13 -

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, , jig borer.
, boring, ,
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jig borer
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1.7
(Numerical control NC).

. .
2 ,
x y, .
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(-),

(+).
(+). ()*.
(Computer numerical
control CNC).
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+/- z- .

- 14 -

CAD/CAM

2
CAD/CAM
2.1 CAD
CAD Computer Aided Design,
. CAD
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. CAD
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CAD
(3D) / (2D)
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CAD,
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CAD , :
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- 16 -

CAD/CAM

2.2 CAM
CAM Computer Aided
Manufacturing. CAM
,
CNC .
, CAM
(NC programming),

CAD, CNC
CNC . CAM
, CAM ,
CAD/CAM/CAE.

2.3 CAD/CAM

1940. ,

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.

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CAD/CAM Computer
Aided Design Computer Aided Manufacture. ,
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CAD/CAM. CAD/CAM
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CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM
4 .
1950
.

1950. 1950

- 17 -

CAD/CAM

, ,
. 1960

.

computer graphics
. 1962 Ivan Sutherland Sketchpad
.
CAD,

. Computer Aided Design
CAD .
1960 ,
.
1970
60 ,
.

CAD/CAM

70. ,
.

. 1980
CAD/CAM.
.
/
.
.
, Coons,
Bezier Gordon, B-spline .
,
,
, . CAD/CAM
, ,
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.

,
.
1990,

.

2.4 CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM

.

- 18 -

CAD/CAM

CAD/CAM hardware,
(CPU), ,
. software, .
,
hardware software,
firmware ( /).
CAD/CAM
1.2.
( ),
CAD/CAM .
.
1.3. (
), .

( ) 1.4.
.

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( 1.5) ,
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CPU .
CAD/CAM
. ,
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.
CAD/CAM 1.6.
CAD/CAM
, (hardware),
CAD/CAM
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CAD/CAM


1.1.
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, upper bound slab
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- 19 -

CAD/CAM

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2.5 CAD/CAM


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CAD/CAM
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(Finite Element Method), (
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(Rapid Prototyping).
(STL),

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- 20 -

CAD/CAM

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CAD/CAM. , CAD/CAM
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CAD/CAM,
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1.
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CAD,
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2. , CAM.
CAM (
CAM)
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(post processor).
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CAM,
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- 21 -

CAD/CAM

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:
a. editor
.
b.
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c. ,
control .
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control .
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CAD/CAM.

- 22 -

CAD/CAM

4
CAD/CAM
4.1
CAD/CAM

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4.2

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, Coon,
Bezier, B-spline ..

- 25 -

CAD/CAM

CNC ,
.

(G01).
(G02, G03).
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CAM (
)
.
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4.2.1 (Longitudinal Tolerance)
,

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(. 12).
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. , Lt,

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Lt .
, tolerance
(.. 2-3 mm), (
) . ,
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,
( , .. 0.10.2 mm).
4.2.2 Scallop Tolerance
,
z ,
.
St
. . 13.
St,
. , ,
,
. St,
.

- 26 -

CAD/CAM

. ,
.
St
:

1 ( R + S t ) 2 + R ( R + 2r )
cos =

2 (R + St ) (R + r)

(1)

R, r St,
, (1), ,
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(1)
. ,
.
,
. , (2) St,
scallop .
(2), 2 ,
Newton,
St.

S t2 + AS t + B = 0
: A = 2[ R ( R + r ) cos
B = [ R 2 + R( R + 2r ) 2 R( R + r ) cos
4.2.3 Cutter Offset
,
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(.
14).
, , CAM
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(
).

- 27 -

5


CAD/CAM
.

5.1 1

(blow molding) .

4, CAD/CAM. ,
,
, ,
CAM, .
.

5.1. .

- 28 -

5.2. .

5.3. .

- 29 -

5.4. , .

5.5. ,
CAD

- 30 -

5.6. .
, , .

5.7. , ,
.

- 31 -

5.8. .

5.9. blow molding

- 32 -

5.2 2

.
:
.
CNC CAM.

.
5.10 5.11,
.

5.10.

5.11.

- 33 -

,
,
CAM. ,
CAM :
15
mm.
15 mm.

15 mm.
6 mm.

6 mm.
6 mm.
CAM,
. ,

.
,
,
CAM,
.

15 mm.

5.12

- 34 -

5.13

15
mm.

5.14

- 35 -

5.15

15 mm.

5.16

- 36 -

5.17

6 mm.

5.18

- 37 -

5.19

6 mm.

5.20

- 38 -

5.21

6 mm

5.22

- 39 -

,
. ,
CNC ,
CAM.

5.23. .
,
.

5.24. .

- 40 -

5.25. .

5.26. .

- 41 -

5.27. ,
, .

5.28. , .

: video
.

- 42 -

5.3 3
,
CNC CAD/CAM.

5.29

5.30

- 43 -

5.31

5.32

- 44 -