CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Cu 1: Mt anehit c cng thc tng qut l CnH2n + 2 2a m (CHO)m. Cc gi tr n, a, m ln lt c xc nh

l
A. n > 0, a 0, m 1.
B. n 0, a 0, m 1.
C. n > 0, a > 0, m > 1.
D. n 0, a > 0, m 1.
CnH2n + 2 2a m (CHO)m hay Cn+m H2n+2-2a Om => n+ m 1 S C 1 ; m 1 andehit lun c oxi
=> n 0, Ngoi ra a = tng s pi + vng trong gc hidrocabon => a 0, =>B
xem li chuyn 1 cch xc nh CTTQ ca mi cht
Cu 2: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to C5H10O c kha nng tham gia phan ng trng gng ?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
c p trng gng => X phai c gc - CHO ; V X c 1 Oxi => c 1 gc CHO
ng phn C5H10O C k = 1 ; gc CHO => gc hidrocacbon no
C C C C CHO ; C C(C) C CHO ; C C(CHO) C C ; C (C)C(CHO) C
4 p => C
Cu 3: C bao nhiu xeton c cng thc phn t l C5H10O ?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Xeton C(O) C5H10O c k = 1 L gc C(O)
ng phn : C C(O) C C C ; C C C(O) C C ; C C(C) C(O) C
=> 3 p => C
Cu 4: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to C6H12O tham gia phan ng trng gng ?
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 8.
D. 9.
Bi 2 => c gc - CHO
p : C C C C C CHO ; C C(CHO) C C C ; C C C(CHO) C C
C C(C) C C CHO ; C (C)C(C) C CHO ; C C(C) C(C) CHO
C (C)C(CHO) C C ; C C(C) C(CHO) C => 8 p => C
Bn nn ghi ra giy thy r hn
Cu 5: C bao nhiu ancol C5H12O khi tc dung vi CuO un nng cho ra anehit ?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Ancol + CuO => andehit => Ancol bc I OH gn vi C bc I
C C C C C OH ; C C(C) C C OH ; C C C(C) C OH ; C (C)C(C) C OH
4 p => D
Cu 6: CTGN ca 1 anehit no, a chc, mch h l C2H3O. CTPT ca n l
A. C8H12O4.
B. C4H6O.
C. C12H18O6.
D. C4H6O2.
Andehit no , a chc => S pi = s gc CHO = s Oxi V a chc => R (CHO)m
=> D c k = 2 = 2 Oxi tha mn => D
Cu 7: CTGN ca anehit no, a chc, mch h l C2H3O. Anehit c s ng phn l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Cu 6 => C4H6O2 => C 2 gc CHO : CHO C C CHO ; C C(CHO) CHO => 2 p => A
Cu 8: (CH3)2CHCHO c tn l
A. isobutyranehit.
B. anehit isobutyric.
C. 2-metyl propanal. D. A, B, C u ng.
Xem cch c SGK => andehit + tn axit thng thng ; Tn axit thng thng b ui ic + andehit;
Tn thay th + al;
SGK 239,249
3
2
1
(CH3)2CHCHO hay CH3 CH CHO
=> CH3 CH Iso =A tha mn c 4 C => isobutyr
CH3
CH3
B ng Andehit + tn axit thng thng andehit isobutyric
C ng 2 metyl propanal => D
Cu 9: CTPT ca ankanal c 10,345% H theo khi lng l
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. C2H5CHO.
D. C3H7CHO.
p n => CTPT c dng : CnH2nO V u l andehit no , n chc
%H = 2n.100% / (14n + 16) = 10,345% => n = 3 => C3H6O hay C2H5CHO => C
Cu 10: Anehit A (ch cha mt loi nhm chc) c %C v %H (theo khi lng) ln lt l 55,81 v 6,97.
Ch ra pht biu sai
A. A l anehit hai chc.
B. A cn c ng phn l cc axit cacboxylic.
C. A l anehit no.
D. Trong phan ng trng gng, m t phn t A ch cho 2 electron.
-1-

%C , %H => %O = 100% -
CxHyOz => x : y = %C /12 : %H / 1 : %O/16 = 2 : 3 : 1 => CTG : (C2H3O)n => n = 2 Cu 6
C4H6O2 hay CHO C C CHO
A ng : 2 chc CHO ; B ng v c 2 oxi => C ng phn axit cacboxylic COOH
C ng v gc hidrocacbon no - C C D sai
Mo ta c AgNO3 => Ag => AgNO3 nhn 1 e => Andehit cho 1 e
Cu 11: Trong cung iu ki n nhi t v p sut, 1 lit hi anehit A c khi lng bng khi lng 1 lit CO2.
A l
A. anehit fomic.
B. anehit axetic.
C. anehit acrylic.
D. anehit benzoic.
T l th tich = t l s mol nA = nCO2 mA / MA = mCO2 / MCO2
MA = MCO2 = 44 v m A = mCO2 => B CH3CHO Cch nh ta lun c HCHO c M = 30
V l ng ng => hn km nhau 14 => M = 44 l CH3CHO Thm CH2
Cu 12: t chy hon ton p mol anehit X c q mol CO 2 v t mol H2O. Bit p = q - t. M t khc 1 mol X
trng gng c 4 mol Ag. X thu c dy ng ng anehit
A. n chc, no, mch h.
C. hai chc cha no (1 ni i C=C).
B. hai chc, no, mch h.
D. nh chc cha no (1 ni ba CC).
nCO2 nH2O = nAndehit => Andehit c 2 lin kt pi Ging ankin
ADCT : nAg = 2x. nA vi x l s gc CHO c trong cht A trng hp c bit HCHO c 2 gc CHO
=> x = 2 => hay andehit c 2 gc CHO hoc HCHO c 1pi . v c 2 lin kt pi => Ch c andehit 2 chc
Hay 2 pi trong 2 gc CHO => khng cn pi no trong hidroacbon => no , mch h
=> B
Cu 13: Anehit a chc A chy hon ton cho mol CO2 - mol H2O = mol A. A l
A. anehit no, mch h.B. anehit cha no. C. anehit thm.
D. anehit no, mch vng.
Cu 12 => A Ngc li
Cu 14: t chy anehit A c mol CO2 = mol H2O. A l
A. anehit no, mch h, n chc.
B. anehit n chc, no, mch vng.
C. anehit n chc c 1 ni i, mch h.
D. anehit no 2 chc, mch h.
nCO2 = nH2O => A cha 1 lin kt pi => A tha mn V n chc hay gc CHO cha 1 lin kt pi
B sai v n chc + vng = 2 pi
C sai v ni i hidrocacbon
D sai v 2 chc => 2pi
Cu 15: un nng V lit hi anehit X vi 3V lit khi H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phan ng xay ra hon ton ch thu
c mt hn hp khi Y c th tich 2V lit (cc th tich khi o cung iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng tu Y
thu c cht Z ; cho Z tc dung vi Na sinh ra H2 c s mol bng s mol Z phan ng. Cht X l anehit
A. no, hai chc.
B. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc.
C. no, n chc.
D. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc.
T l th tich = t l s mol => V lit hi andehit X + 3V lit H2 => 2 V lit Y
PT : Andehit : X CnH2n+2 2aOz + aH2 => CnH2n+2Oz
a l tng pi + vng
Ban u
V lit
3V
Andehit ht v Ni nung nng
P
V lit
aV lit
V lit
Sau p
0
3 aV
V
V sau p = VH2d + VCnH2n+2Oz to thnh
= 3V aV + V = 4V aV m cho V sau p = V Y = 2V => 4V aV = 2V a = 2 => X c 2 pi
Vi bi andehit p vi H2 => hn hp tng t vi dng bi cracking ankan
Mt khc Y l ru CnH2n+2Oz v H2 d => Ngng tu => Z l CnH2n+2Oz
V n Ru = nH2 => Ru c 2 nhm OH hay Andehit c 2 gc CHO va 2 pi
=> Andehit no , 2 chc => C
Cu 16: Cho cc cht : HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2/H2O, dung dch Br2/CH3COOH
a. S cht phan ng c vi (CH3)2CO iu kin thich hp l
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
(CH3)2CO l xeton => P SGK 11NC 240 - 241
PT : (CH3)2-CO +HCN => CH3-C(CH3)(OH)-CN
-2-

(CH3)2CO + H2 (CH3)2CH-OH
Xeton khng p vi KMnO4 , dung dch Br2/H2O
(CH3)2CO + Br2 => CH3 CO CH2Br + HBr
=> Tng = 3 3 p u trong SGK
b. S cht phan ng c vi CH3CH2CHO iu kin thich hp l
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Andehit p ca KMnO4 v dung dch Br2/H2O => D P SGK
Cu 17: CH3CHO c th to thnh trc tip t
A. CH3COOCH=CH2. B. C2H2.
C. C2H5OH.
D. Tt ca u ng.
SGK 11NC 242 ; 2C2H2 + O2 => 2CH3CHO
CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH => CH3COONa + CH3CHO iu kin h bin
C2H5OH + CuO => CH3CHO + Cu + H2O => D
Cu 18: Qu trnh no sau y khng to ra anehit axetic ?
A. CH2=CH2+ H2O (to, xc tc HgSO4).
B. CH2=CH2 + O2 (to, xc tc).
o
C. CH3COOCH=CH2 + dung dch NaOH (t ).
D. CH3CH2OH + CuO (t0).
Xem Cu 17 => A p vi O2
Cu 19: Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phan ng) to ra anehit axetic l
A. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5.
B. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH.
C. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2.
D. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4.
C ng => P : C2H5OH + CuO => CH3CHO + Cu + H2O
2C2H4 + O2 => 2CH3CHO SGK 11 NC 242
C2H2 + H2O => CH3CHO SGK 11 NC 177
A sai loi CH3COOC2H5 ; B,D sai loi CH3COOH
Thm HCOOC2H3 + NaOH => HCOONa + CH3CHO iu kin h bin ca ru
Cu 20: Mt axit cacboxylic c cng thc tng qut l CnH2n + 2 2a m (COOH)m. Cc gi tr n, a, m ln lt c
xc nh l
A. n > 0, a 0, m 1.
B. n 0, a 0, m 1.
C. n > 0, a > 0, m > 1.
D. n 0, a > 0, m 1.
XEm li cu 1
Cu 21: A l axit no h, cng thc CxHyOz. Ch ra mi lin h ng
A. y = 2x-z +2.
B. y = 2x + z-2.
C. y = 2x.
D. y = 2x-z.
CxHyOz hay CxHyO2(z/2)
Ta c axit no h => Tng s pi = s nhm COOH = z/2 = (2x + 2 y) / 2
Cng thc tng pi
y = 2x z + 2 => A
Cu 22: A l axit cacboxylic mch h, cha no (1 ni i C=C), cng thc CxHyOz. Ch ra mi lin h ng
A. y = 2x.
B. y = 2x + 2-z.
C. y = 2x-z.
D. y = 2x + z-2.
Tng t cu 21
Axit c 1 ni i => Tng pi = 1 + s nhm COOH = 1 + z/2 = (2x + 2 y) / 2
y = 2x z => C
Cu 23: Axit khng no, n chc c mt lin kt i trong gc hirocacbon c cng thc phu hp l
A. CnH2n+1-2kCOOH ( n 2).
B. RCOOH.
C. CnH2n-1COOH ( n 2).
D. CnH2n+1COOH ( n 1).
Xem chuyn 1 cch xc nh CT Cch 1 : CnH2n+2 2a m (CHc)m
Axit c 1 lin kt i trong hidrocabon + n chc => a = 1 ; m = 1
CnH2n+2 2 1COOH hay CnH2n 1 COOH => C
Cu 24: Axit cacboxylic A c cng thc n gian nht l C3H4O3. A c cng thc phn t l
A. C3H4O3.
B. C6H8O6.
C. C18H24O18.
D. C12H16O12.
CTG : (C3H4O3)n hay C3nH4nO3n => Tng pi + vng = (2.3n + 2 4n)/2 = n + 1
V axit lun c dng CxHy(COOH)m hay s pi trong gc COOH = s Oxi / 2
Loi A v Oxi l ; B tha mn v tng pi = 3 = s gc COOH
Loi C v c tng pi + vng = 7 # 9pi trong gc COOH
Tng t Loi D v tng pi + vng = 5 # 6pi trong gc COOH
Cu 25: CTGN ca mt axit hu c X l CHO. t chy 1 mol X thu c di 6 mol CO2. CTCT ca X l
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH2=CHCOOH.
C. HOOCCH=CHCOOH.
D.Kt qua khc.
CTG (CHO)n => C tha mn Cung vi s C < 6
Cu 26: Mt axit no A c CTGN l C2H3O2. CTPT ca axit A l
-3-

A. C6H9O6.
B. C2H3O2.
C. C4H6O4.
D. C8H12O8.
Bi 24 => (C2H3O2)n => Tng pi = (2.2n + 2 3n)/2 = n/2 + 1 = n V axit no => tng pi = s nhm COOH =
s Oxi / 2 n = 2 => C
Cu 27: C4H6O2 c s ng phn mch h thuc chc axit l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. tt ca u sai.
C4H6O2 => s pi = (2.4 + 2 6)/2 = 2 => 1 pi trong gc hidrocacbon V c 1 pi trong gc COOH c 2 oxi
=> n chc => ng phn Nh ng phn hnh hc v c ni i trong hidrocacbon
C = C C COOH ; C C = C COOH c p hnh hc
C = C(C) COOH => Tng cng c 4
Cu 28: Axit cacboxylic n chc mch h phn nhnh (A) c % O (theo khi lng) l 37,2. Ch ra pht biu
sai
A. A lm mt mu dung dch brom.
B. A l nguyn li u iu ch thy tinh hu c.
C. A c ng phn hnh hc.
D. A c hai lin trong phn t.
Axit n chc => 1 gc COOH => hay 2 Oxi
%O = 16.2.100% / MAxit = 37,2 % => M Axit = 86 : C4H6O2 Kinh nghim thy 88 l C4H8O2 no
=> giam 2 H l 86 hay tng 1 pi trong gc hidroacbon
Mu cht t phn nhnh => C = C(C) COOH
C sai v khng c p hnh hc V R1 ging R2 l CH3
C lin kt pi trong mch hidrocacbon th c p cng Br2 Lm mt mu => A ng
B ng iu ch (- CH3 (COOH)C(CH3) -)n Hc bi 1 SGK 12 nng cao hoc bi polime
Cu 29: Axit hu c A c thnh phn nguyn t gm 40,68% C ; 54,24% O. trung ha 0,05 mol A cn
100ml dung dch NaOH 1M. CTCT ca A l
A. HOOCCH2CH2COOH.
B. HOOCCH(CH3)CH2COOH.
C. HOOCCH2COOH.
D. HOOCCOOH.
40,68% C ; 54,24% O => % H => CTG : (C2H3O2)n => CT : nOH / nAxit = m m l nhm COOH => m =
2 => Axit c 2 nhm COOH => n = 2 => A
Mo : p n => c 2 nhm COOH hay 4 Oxi => n = 2
Cu 30: Hp cht CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(C2H5)COOH c tn quc t l
A. axit 2-etyl-5-metyl hexanoic.
B. axit 2-etyl-5-metyl nonanoic.
C. axit 5-etyl-2-metyl hexanoic.
D. tn gi khc.
C
CC
CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(C2H5)COOH hay C C C C C COOH
6 5 4 3 2
1
=> Axit 2 etyl 5 metyl hexanoic Xem cch c tn SGK
Cu 31: Gim n l dung dch axit axetic c nng l
A. 2% 5%.
B. 59%.
C. 912%.
D. 1215%.
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ax%C3%ADt_axetic
Cu th l t 2% => 6%
Cu 32: Axit axetic tc dung c vi dung dch no ?
A. natri etylat.
B. amoni cacbonat.
C. natri phenolat.
D. Ca A, B, C.
Axit axetic CH3COOH ; Natri etylat CH3COONa ; Amoni cacbonat (NH4)2CO3 ; Natri phenolat
C6H5ONa
Mnh khng nh p cho lm
4 (NH4)2CO3 + 9 CH3COOH => 8 (NH4)CH3COOH + 6 CO2 + 2 H2O
CH3COOH + C6H5ONa => C6H5OH + CH3COONa
=> D A mnh khng r
Nhng cu th , A , B , C u mang tinh bazo v Axit axetic mang tinh axit => C p
Cu 33: Trong dy ng ng ca cc axit n chc no, HCOOH l axit c mnh trung bnh, cn li l axit
yu (in li khng hon ton). Dung dch axit axetic c nng 0,001 mol/l c pH l
A. 3 < pH < 7.
B. < 3.
C. 3.
D. 10-3
V CH3COOH l cht in li yu
=> in li < 1
in li () = n / no = CM / CMo < 1Vi n l s phn t phn li ra ion , no l tng s phn t ha tan hoc
nng phn ly / nng ban u
SGK 11 NC 8
CM < CMo CM < 0,001 => 3 < PH < 7 V l axit => PH < 7 v do log ca 0,001 = 3 => A
-4-

c thm SGK 11 NC 8 hiu hn v PH

Cu 34: in li ca 3 dung dch CH 3COOH 0,1M ; CH3COOH 0,01M v HCl c sp xp theo th t tng
dn l
A. CH3COOH 0,01M < HCl < CH3COOH 0,1M.
B. CH3COOH 0,01M < CH3COOH 0,1M < HCl.
C. HCl < CH3COOH 0,1M < CH3COOH 0,01M.
D. CH3COOH 0,1M < CH3COOH 0,01M < HCl.
in li () = n / no = CM / CMo Vi n l s phn t phn li ra ion , no l tng s phn t ha tan
SGK 11 NC 8
i vi cht in ly mnh => = 1 ; Cht in ly yu => < 1
HCL l cht in ly mnh => = 1 ; CH3COOH l cht in ly yu
Khi pha long => in ly ca cc cht in ly u tng => CM CH3COOH 0,01 < CM CH3COOH 0,1
=> in li ca CH3COOH 0,01 > v long hn => D
Cu 35: Th t sp xp theo s tng dn tinh axit ca CH3COOH ; C2H5OH ; CO2 v C6H5OH l
A. C6H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH < C2H5OH.
B. CH3COOH < C6H5OH < CO2 < C2H5OH.
C. C2H5OH < C6H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH.
D. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < C6H5OH < CO2.
Tinh axit th hin H linh ng
Mo nh p vi NaOH => C2H5OH khng phan ng vi NaOH => H linh ng nh nht
CH3COOH va p vi NaOH , va p vi Na => H linh ng ln nht => C
Thm C6H5OH p vi CO2 => Tinh axit ca C6H5OH < CO2
Cu 36: Cho 3 axit ClCH2COOH , BrCH2COOH, ICH2COOH, dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tinh axit l
A. ClCH2COOH < ICH2COOH < BrCH2COOH.
B. ClCH2COOH < BrCH2COOH < ICH2COOH.
C. ICH2COOH < BrCH2COOH < ClCH2COOH.
D. BrCH2COOH < ClCH2COOH < ICH2COOH.
Xem thm chuyn tinh axit , bazo , nhit si => C
ch vi Ancol V Axit :
- Cc gc dy e (CH3,C2H5.) s lm tng nhit si do lin kt H bn hn
VD : CH3COOH<C2H5COOH
- Cc gc ht e (Phenyl,Cl-,I-..) s lm gim nhit si do lin kt H km bn hn ( ht e giam dn
theo th t F>Cl>Br>I , gc ht cng mnh cng lm giam nhit si v cng xa nhm chc th lc
tng tc li cng yu i )
D/ ch vi cc hp cht thm c cha nhm chc OH ,-COOH ,-NH2
- Nhm th loi 1 ( ch cha cc lin kt sigma nh :CHkhc , C3H7 ) c tc dung y e vo nhn
thm lm lin kt H trong ch km bn hn nn lm tng nhit si .
- Nhm th loi 2 ( cha lin kt pi nh NO2 ,C2H4 ) c tc dung ht e ca nhn thm lm lin kt H
trong chc km bn i nn lm giam nhit si .
- Nhm th loi 3 ( cc halogen : -Br ,-Cl ,-F ,-I ..) c tc dung y e tng t nh nhm th loi 1.
Cu 37: Gi tr pH ca cc axit CH3COOH, HCl, H2SO4 c sp xp theo th t tng dn l
A. H2SO4, CH3COOH, HCl.
B. CH3COOH, HCl , H2SO4.
C. H2SO4, HCl, CH3COOH.
D. HCl, CH3COOH, H2SO4.
-7
-a
PH ca axit : [H+] > 10 = 10 PH = a => [H+] cng ln th tinh axit cng nh SGK 11 NC 18
Gia s CM ca ca 3 cht bng nhau = x CM
V H2SO4 , HCl l cht in ly mnh => = 1 => Phn ly ht hay CM phn li = CM ban u
CH3COOH l cht in li yu => < 1 => CM phn li < CM ban u
H2SO4 => 2H(+) + SO4(2-)
X
2X
HCl =>
H(+) + Cl(-)
X
X
CH3COOH => H(+) + CH3COO(-)
<X
<X
T 3 PT trn => H2SO4 > HCL > CH3COOH Nng H+ trong axit => PH tng dn ngc li :
H2SO4 < HCL < CH3COOH
-5-

Cu 38: Trong cc phan ng este ha gia ancol v axit hu c th cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu thun
khi ta
A. dung cht ho nc tch nc.
B. chng ct ngay tch este ra.
C. cho ancol d hoc axit d.
D. tt ca u ng.
SGK 12 NC Bi 1 Phn cui cung
Cu 39: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic c mol CO2 = mol H2O. X gm
A. 1 axit n chc, 1 axit a chc.
B. 1 axit no, 1 axit cha no.
C. 2 axit n chc no mch vng
D. 2 axit no, mch h n chc.
nCO2 = nH2O => Axit c tng pi + vng = 1 Xem chuyn 1. => D ng v gc COOH cha 1 pi rui
A sai v axit a chc, B sai v axit cha no, C sai v mch vng
Cu 40: trung ha 0,2 mol hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic cn 0,3 mol NaOH. X gm c
A. 2 axit cung dy ng ng.
B. 1 axit n chc, 1 axit hai chc.
C. 2 axit a chc.
D. 1 axit n chc, 1 axit a chc.
Ta lun c CT : x = nNaOH / nX Vi x l s gc COOH , X l cht cha gc COOH m rng thm vi este
Theo bi => Loi A v C V khng nht thit cn ng ng ch cn s gc COOH, a chc sai v theo CT
trn => x 2 m thc t nNaOH / nX = 1,5
Mo x = 1,5 x trung bnh => x = 1 v x > 1,5 => D ng B cng ng nhng khng tng qut
Cch # :
Gi a, b ln lt l s nhm COOH ca 2 axit ; x , y l s mol ca tng axit
n hn hp 2 axit = x + y = 0,2
n NaOH = a.x + b.y = 0,3
T 2 PT trn tr v ta c x ( a-1) + (b-1)y = 0,1
Theo bi a hoc b = 1 v c 1 axit n chc hoc da vo x = 1,5 => chc chn c x = 1
=> (b-1)y = 0,1 => b > 1 m b nguyn => b = 2 , 3 , 4 . Hay a chc
Cu 41: t chy hon ton axit cacboxylic A bng lng va oxi c hn hp (khi v hi) c t khi so
vi H2 l 15,5. A l axit
A. n chc no, mch h
B. n chc c 1 ni i (C = C), mch h.
C. a chc no, mch h.
D. axit no,mch h, hai chc,
V p va => sau p to ra CO2 v H2O
Gi x , y ln lt l s mol CO2 v H2O => M = (44x + 18y)/(x+y) = 31 x = y
Axit cha 1 lin kt pi => A 1 pi trong gc COOH
B , C , D u c s pi > 1
Thc cht c th tinh , S khc bit gia A vi B, C , D la chn
Cu 42: t chy ht 1 th tich hi axit A thu c 2 th tich CO2 o cung iu kin, A l
A. HCOOH.
B. HOOCCOOH.
C. CH3COOH.D. B v C ng.
x = nCO2 / nX x l s C trong X , => x = 2 => B, C u cha 2 C => D ng
Cu 43: C th iu ch CH3COOH t
A. CH3CHO.
B. C2H5OH.
C. CH3CCl3.
D. Tt ca u ng.
SGK 11 NC 255 ; A CH3CHO + 1/2O2 => CH3COOH
C2H5OH + O2 => CH3COOH + H2O
Ch p n C rt hay Da vo iu kin h bin ca ru khi c 3 gc OH gn vo 1 C
Xem li bi giang trn mng hoc t l thuyt chuyn 5:

CH3CCl3 + NaOH => CH3C(OH)3 + NaCl ; CH3C(OH3) => CH3COOH + H2O Tch H2O
Cu 44: Cho cc cht : CaC2 (I), CH3CHO (II), CH3COOH (III), C2H2 (IV). S chuyn ha ng iu ch
axit axetic l
A. I IV II III.
B. IV I II III.
C. I II IV III.
D. II I IV III.
-6-

C CaC2 => iu ch C2H2 Xem chuyn 3 hidroacbon khng no

T I => IV => A v D ng
Ta thy t IV : C2H2 + H2O => III (CH3CHO) iu kin h bin ca ru P bi ankin
=> A
Hoc Thc cht t II khng th to ra I => Loi D => A
Cu 45: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip (bng mt phan ng) to ra axit axetic l
A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H5COOCH3.
B. CH3CHO, C6H12O6 (glucoz), CH3OH.
C. CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
D. C2H4(OH)2, CH3OH, CH3CHO.
Xem SGK 11NC 255 c ca 3 p p n C : Xem cu 43 c 2 p
Thm CH3OH + CO => CH3COOH
A sai v C2H5COOCH3 ch iu ch ra C2H5COOH
B sai v c glucozo iu ch ra C2H5OH rui mi ra CH3COOH
D sai v C2H4(OH)2
Cu 46: Cho s chuyn ha : CH3CH2Cl + KCN X (1); X + H3O+ (un nng) Y(2)
Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3CH2NH2, CH3CH2COOH.
B. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2CHO.
C. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COOH.
D. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COONH4.
H 2009 Phn nng cao
C ng: P : CH3CH2Cl + KCN => CH3CH2CN + KCl Tng tng gc CN nh gc OH
CH3CH2CN => CH3CH2COOH Mnh khng hiu phn ny mi ngi c th seach trn mng thm
M . Thy B , C , D u c CH3CH2CN => Loi A
Thy A sai c CH3CH2COOH Thng tc gia cho vy => Cc p n no c thng l ng
=> C
Ch mang tinh cht tham khao nu khng lm c nu sai mnh khng chu trch nghim hi
Cu 47: Cht c nhit si cao nht l
A. CH3CHO.
B. C2H5OH.
C. CH3COOH.
D. C2H6.
H linh ng cng cao th nhit si cng ln Xem phn tinh axit, bazo , nhit si
=> CH3COOH > C2H5OH > CH3CHO > C2H6 => C : CH3COOH c nhit si cao nht
Cu 48: Nhit si ca mi cht tng ng trong dy cc cht sau y, dy no hp l nht ?
C2H5OH
HCOOH
CH3COOH
A. 118,2oC
78,3oC
100,5oC
B. 118,2oC
100,5oC
78,3oC
o
o
C. 100,5 C
78,3 C
118,2oC
o
o
D. 78,3 C
100,5 C
118,2oC
Cu 47 + Cung dy ng ng mch cng di th nhit si cng ln
=> CH3COOH > HCOOH > C2H5OH
=> D tha mn
Cu 49: Ch ra th t tng dn nhi t si ca cc cht ?
A. CH3CHO; C2H5OH ; CH3COOH.
C. C2H5OH ; CH3COOH ; CH3CHO.
B. CH3CHO ;CH3COOH ; C2H5OH.
D. CH3COOH ; C2H5OH ; CH3CHO.
Cu 47 => A
Cu 50: Nhit si ca cc cht c sp xp theo th t tng dn l
A. CH3OH < CH3CH2COOH < NH3 < HCl.
B. C2H5Cl < CH3COOH < C2H5OH.
C. C2H5Cl < CH3COOCH3 < C2H5OH < CH3COOH.
D. HCOOH < CH3OH < CH3COOH < C2H5F.
A sai v NH3 mang tinh cht bazo khng c H linh ng => Nhit si thp nht
B sai v C2H5OH < CH3COOH
D sai v CH3OH < HCOOH ngoi ra C2H5F nh nht => C ng
Axit > ru > este > dn xut.
Cu 51: Cho cc cht CH3CH2COOH (X) ; CH3COOH ( Y) ; C2H5OH ( Z) ; CH3OCH3 (T). Dy gm cc cht
c sp xp tng dn theo nhi t si l
A. T, X, Y, Z.
B. T, Z, Y, X.
C. Z, T, Y, X.
D. Y, T, Z, X.
X > Y > Z > T => B Mch cng di => nhit cng ln => X > Y , H linh ng cng ln nht nhit cng
ln => Z > T
Da vo kha nng p vi NaOH , Na xc nh tinh linh ng => T khng c p => T yu nht v X ln
nht => B
-7-

Cu 52: Nhit si ca ancol etylic (I), anehit axetic (II), axit axetic (III) v axit propionic (IV) sp xp theo
th t giam dn l
A. IV > I > III > II.
B. IV > III > I > II. C. II > III > I > IV. D. I > II > III > IV.
IV > III > I > II hay CH3CH2COOH > CH3COOH > C2H5OH > CH3CHO => B
CH3CHO khng p vi NaOH , Na => yu nht , CH3CH2COOH mch di hn CH3COOH => tinh axit ln
hn , Axit va p vi NaOH , Na , cn ru ch p vi Na => Tinh axit yu hn
Cu 53: A l ancol n chc no h, B l axit cacboxylic no h n chc. Bit MA=MB. Pht biu ng l
A. A, B l ng phn
B. A, B c cung s cacbon trong phn t.
C. A hn B m t nguyn t cacbon.
D. B hn A m t nguyn t cacbon.
Ancol n chc no h => CnH2n+1OH hay CnH2n+2O
Axit cacboxylic no h n chc => CmH2m+1COOH hay CmH2mO2Tng qut
=> MA = MB 14n + 18 = 14m + 32 14n = 14m + 14 n = m + 1 => C
Cu 54: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cung CTPT C3H4O2. X tc dung vi CaCO3 to ra CO2. Y tc dung vi
dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to Ag. CTCT thu gn phu hp ca X, Y ln lt l
A. HCOOCH=CH2, CH3COOCH3.
B. CH3CH2COOH, HCOOCH2CH3.
C. HCOOCH=CH2, CH3 CH2COOH.
D. CH2=CHCOOH, HOCCH2CHO.
X p vi CaCO3 => CO2 => X l axit tinh cht ha hc ca axit => C gc COOH
Y p vi AgNO3/NH3 to ra Ag => Y c gc CHO tinh cht ca andehit
=> D ng
A sai v HCOOCH=CH2,CH3COOCH3 u l este gc COO
B sai v HCOOCH2CH3 l este
C sai v HCOOCH=CH2 l este , CH3CH2COOH l axit Y
Cu 55: Cho chui phan ng : C2H6O X axit axetic CH OH Y.
CTCT ca X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3CHO, CH3CH2COOH.
B. CH3CHO, CH3COOCH3.
C. CH3CHO, CH2(OH)CH2CHO.
D. CH3CHO, HCOOCH2CH3.
C2H6O l ru C2H5OH + CuO => XCH3CHO cc p n u c
CH3CHO + 1/2O2 => CH3COOH Axit axetic
CH3COOH + CH3OH => CH3COOCH3 este p este ha => B
Cu 56: Cho s phan ng sau :
butin-1,4-iol H , xt Y - H O Z
CH CH 2HCHO
Y v Z ln lt l
A. HOCH2CH2CH2CH3 ; CH2=CHCH=CH2.
B. HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH ; CH2=CHCH2CH3.
C. HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH ; CH2=CHCH = CH2.
D. HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH ; CH3CH2CH2CH3.
Butin 1,4 iol : OH - CH2 C C CH2 - OH + H2 => OH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH Y
Tch nc Ru tch nc to ra ni i xem chuyn ru, dn xut, phenol
=> CH = CH CH=CH => C
Cu 57: Cho s chuyn ha sau:
C CuO
D O , Mn
Hirocacbon A Br , as B NaOH
HOOCCH2COOH. Vy A l
3

A.
B. C3H8.
C. CH2=CHCH3.
D. CH2=CHCOOH.
P D => HOOC - CH2 - COOH xc tc O2,Mn2+ => D l andehit
Cng 1 Oxi vo gc CHO to ra COOH
D : OHC- CH2- CHO
C + CuO => D => C l ru c OH gn vi C bc I
C l OH CH2 CH2 CH2 OH
B + NaOH => C => B c 2 halogen 2 u => C : Br CH2 CH2 CH2 Br
A + Br2 as to ra Br 2 u ch c duy nht xiclopropan p n A p ph vng ca vng 3 cnh
A
Cu 58: Cho chui phan ng sau
O , Cu
C3H6 H , Ni B1 Cl , as B2 (spc) OH
/H O B3 B4 . Vy B4 l
A. CH3COCH3.
B. A v C ng.
C. CH3CH2CHO.
D. CH3CHOHCH3.
2

-8-

C3H6 + H2 => B1: C3H8 + Cl2as =>B2: CH3 CH(Cl) CH3 san phm chinh + OH- Th OH- thay
Halogen => B3 : CH3 CH(OH) CH3 + CuO O2+Cu=>CuO => CH3COCH3 ru bc 2 p vi CuO
=> xeton => A
Cu 59: Xt cc chui bin ha sau:
a. A H , Ni B - H2O, - H 2 , xt
C
cao su Buna.
CTCT ca A l
A. OHCCH2CH2CHO. B. CH3CHO.
C. OHC(CH2)2CH2OH. D. A, B, C u ng.
Caosubuna (-CH CH=CH CH )n => C l CH2 = CH CH = CH2
B p => C m (-H2O H2)
Nh p
2C2H5OH => C4H6 + H2 + 2H2O => B l C2H5OH Xem cu 37 chuyn 3 phn ankin ,
tecpen , ankandien
=> A l CH3CHO A + H2 => B
A sai v => OH CH2 CH2 OH
C sai v to ra OH C(CH2)2 CH2 OH
b. A H , Ni B
C
cao su Buna.
CTCT ca A l
A. OHCCH2CH2CHO. B. CH3CHO.
C. HOC(CH2)2CH2OH. D. A, B, C u ng.
C l CH2=CH CH =CH2
Theo cu A => B.CH3CHO tha mn
Theo p n A , OHC CH2 CH2 CHO => B l OH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH
P tch H2O => CH2=CH CH = CH2 => A tha mn
Tng t C HOC (CH2)2CH2OH => B ; OH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 - OH tch H2O .
=> D ng
Cu 60: Cho s chuyn ha sau :
O , Cu
C2H6 Br , as A OH
/H O B C O , Mn
D. Vy D l
A. CH3CH2OH.
B. CH3CHO.
C. CH3COCH3.
D. CH3COOH.
C2H6 + Br2 as => A: CH3 CH2Br + NaOH => B:CH3 CH2 OH OH- /H2O tc l p vi OH-
CH3 CH2 OH + CuO => CH3 CHO O2,Cu => CuO
CH3 CHO + 1/2O2 Mn2+ => CH3COOH => D
Cu 61: Cho s chuyn ha sau
A2 CuO
A3 Cu(OH)
C2H4
A1 NaOH
, NaOH
A4 H SO A5.
Br2
Chn cu tra li sai
A. A5 c CTCT l HOOCCOOH.
B. A4 l mtianehit.
C. A2 l mt iol.
D. A5 l mt iaxit.
CH2 = CH2 + Br2 => A1: BrCH2 CH2Br + NaOH => A2: OH CH2 CH2 OH
+ CuO => A3: OHC CHO + 4Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH => A4 : (COONa)2 + 2Cu2O + 6H2O ci ny nng cao
cht c thm trong sch chui p ha hc
Tng qut thm : R(CHO)x + 2xCu(OH)2 + xNaOH => R(COONa)x + xCu2Okt ta gch + 3xH2O
+ H2SO4 => A5 (COOH)2 + Na2SO4 cu ny rt hay c th ly lm thi H
A5 l HOOCCOOH => A ng
B sai v A4: (COONa)2 : Natri oxalat
C ng v A2 l OH CH2 CH2 OH l mt i ol 2 gc OH
D ng v A5 l mt i axit c 2 gc COOH => B hi p n sai
Cu 62: Cho chui bin ha sau :
2

a. Cht A c th l
A. natri etylat.
B. anehit axetic.
C. etyl axetat.
D. A, B, C u ng.
Xt A .Natri etylat : CH3 - CH2ONa tha mn C2H5OH + Na => C2H5ONa
V CH3 CH2 ONa + HCl => CH3CH2OH + NaCl
Xt B.CH3CHO tha mn C2H5OH + CuO => CH3CHO v CH3CHO + H2 => C2H5OH
=> D
Thm C. CH3COOC2H5 tha mn C2H5OH + CH3COOH => CH3COOC2H5
-9-

V CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH => CH3COONa + C2H5OH

b. Cht B c th l
A. etilen.
B. tinh bt.
C. glucoz.
D. A, B, C u sai.
C2H5OH khng th iu ch c tinh bt, glucozo => A
A.CH2=CH2 tha mn v C2H5OH => C2H4 + H2O Tch H2O
C2H4 + H2O => C2H5OH
c. Cht C c th l
A. etanal.
B. axetilen.
C. etylbromua.
D. A, C u ng.
Xt A.CH3CHO tha mn v C2H5OH + CuO v CH3CHO + H2
V p n c p n D
Xt C.C2H5Br tha mn C2H5OH + HBr => C2H5Br + H2O
C2H5Br + NaOH => C2H5OH + NaBr
=> D
Cu 63: Mt hp cht c thnh phn l 40% C ; 6,7% H v 53,3% O. Hp cht c CTGN l
A. C6H8O.
B. C2H4O.
C. CH2O.
D. C3H6O.
x : y : z = %C / 12 : %H/1 : %O / 16 => C
Cu 64: Pht biu ng l
A. Axit cha no khi chy lun cho s mol CO2 ln hn s mol H2O.
B. anehit tc dung vi H2 (xc tc Ni) lun to ancol bc nht.
C. anehit va c tinh kh va c tinh oxi ha.
D. A, B, C u ng.
Xt A. Axit : CnH2n+2 2a Oz Cng thc tng qut xem chuyn 1 cch xc nh
V axit cha no => a 2 v axit lun c it nht 1 gc COOH => lun c it nht 1 pi
Ta c nCO2 / nH2O = 2 s C / s H BT nguyn t C, H = 2n / (2n + 2 2a) = n / (n + 2 2a
V a 2 => n + 2 2a < n => nCO2 / nH2O > 1 hay nCO2 > nH2O => A ng
Mo ch c axit cha no n chc l nCO2 = nH2O v cha 1 pi
Xt B . Lun ng v gc R CHO + H2 => R CH2 OH
C. ng v p + H2 => Th hin tinh oxi ha v H2 th hin tinh kh t 2H0 2e => 2H+
P vi AgNO3/NH3 => Th hin tinh kh v AgNO3 th hin tinh oxi ha t Ag+ + e => Ag0
Hoc xc nh da vo cch tinh s oxi ha ca cht hu c => D
Cu 65: Cho cc cht sau : (1) CH2=CHCH2OH ; (2) CH3CH2CHO ; (3) CH3COCH3.
Pht biu ng l
A. 1, 2, 3 l cc ng phn.
B. 3 tc dung vi H2 (xc tc Ni) to 1 ancol bc 2.
C. 1, 2 tc dung vi H2 (xc tc Ni) u to ra 1 ancol.
D. A, B, C u ng.
Nhn thy 1,2,3 u c cung CT C3H6O v u l 3 cht khc nhau : 1 ru , 2 andehit , 3 xeton
A ng :ng phn
Xeton + H2 => ru bc II => B ng Andehit + H2 => ru bc I
1 + H2 p ch hidroacbon => C3H7OH
2 + H2 p gc CHO => C3H7OH => C ng Cng vo ni i
=> D
Cu 66: Cho 4 hp cht c CTPT l M : C3H6O ; N : C3H6O2 ; P : C3H4O ; Q : C3H4O2.
Bit : M v P cho phan ng trng gng ; N v Q phan ng c vi dung dch NaOH ; Q phan ng vi H 2 to
thnh N ; oxi ha P thu c Q.
a. M v P theo th t l
A. C2H5COOH ; CH2=CHCOOH.
B. C2H5CHO ; CH2=CHCHO.
C. CH2=CHCOOH ; C2H5COOH .
D. CH2=CHCHO ; C2H5CHO.
M,P cho p trng gng Tinh cht ca andehit=> M , P u cha gc CHO => B
b. N v Q theo th t l
A. C2H5COOH ; CH2 = CHCOOH.
B. CH2=CHCOOH ; C2H5COOH.
C. C2H5CHO ; CH2=CHCHO.
D. CH2=CHCHO ; C2H5CHO.
N v Q p vi NaOH , Q p vi H2 to thnh N , oxi ha P thu c Q
N v Q p vi NaOH => ci ny thc cht ch loi c p n C v D v andehit khng p Nu cho este
th cng ng
Q + H2 to ra N => Q cha lin kt pi trong hidroacbon => A tha mn
- 10 -

Cch khc:
T a => P : CH2=CHCHO + 1/2O2 => CH2=CHCOOH Q v oxi ha thu c Q => A
Cu 67: Cho cc cht sau: (1) CH2=CHCH2OH ; (2) HOCCH2CHO ; (3) HCOOCH=CH2.
Pht biu ng l
A. 1, 2, 3 tc dung c vi Na.
B. Trong A, B, C c 2 cht cho phan ng trng gng.
C. 1, 2, 3 l cc ng phn.
D. 1, 2, 3 chy u cho s mol H2O b hn s mol CO2.
Este khng p vi Na => 3 sai : HCOOCH=CH2 gc COO l este => Loi A
B ng v 2 v 3 u cha gc CHO : c bit cht 3 nh gc HCOO R cng l gc CHO
C sai v thy ngay khc nhau (1) v (2) . 1 c 1 oxi , 2 c 2 oxi
D sai v cc cht u c 1pi => nCO2 = nH2O
Cu 68: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cung cng thc phn t C 3H6O2. Ca X v Y u tc dung vi Na ; X tc
dung c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kha nng tham gia phan ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt
l
A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5.
B. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2OCH3.
C. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2CH2CHO.
D. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO.
H: X , Y u c p vi Na => Loi A, B , C => D ng
V A, B , C u cha HCOOC2H5 l este
Phn tich thm:
Cht p vi Na => Cht cha gc OH hoc COOH hoc cha ca 2 Xem phn ng phn
P vi NaHCO3 => Cht cha gc COOH
P trang bc => Cht cha CHO
c bit ch p vi AgNO3/NH3 => Thm ca thng ankin 1 na nha H 1 nm c rui
Cu 69: Cho dy cc cht : HCHO, CH3COOH, HCOONa, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht trong dy
tham gia phan ng trng gng l
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 68 cht cha gc CHO l c p trng gng => HCHO , HCOONa , HCOOH , HCOOCH3 => 4 => C
Cu 70: Cho cc cht sau : phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp cht tc dung c
vi nhau l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 1.
Phenol :C6H5OH . etanol C2H5OH , axit axetic CH3COOH
Natri phenolat C6H5ONa Natrihidroxit NaOH
P : C2H5OH + CH3COOH <=> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
CH3COOH + NaOH => CH3COONa + H2O
C6H5OH + NaOH => C6H5ONa + H2O
CH3COOH + C6H5ONa => C6H5OH + CH3COONa
=> Tng = 4 => A
Cu 71: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kha nng phan ng vi: Na,
NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phan ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phan ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2
ln lt l
A. CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3.
B. (CH3)2CHOH, HCOOCH3.
C. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH.
D. CH3COOH, HCOOCH3.
X1 p vi Na,NaOH , Na2CO3 => X1 l axit
X2 p vi NaOH nhng khng p vi Na => X2 l este => D tha mn
A sai v CH3COOCH3 c M = 74 ; B sai v (CH3)2CHOH l ru
C sai v HCOOCH3 l este hay X 1 l este , X2 l axit ngc vi D
Cu 72: Cho tt ca cc ng phn mch h, c cung cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dung vi : Na,
NaOH, NaHCO3. S phan ng xay ra l
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Ln lt tc dung nh
C2H4O2 => tinh ra k = 1 s pi v mch h
ng phn l axit , este , tp chc
Axit : CH3COOH
+ Na,NaOH , NaHCO3 tinh cht ca axit
Este : HCOOCH3
+ NaOH tinh cht ca este
Tp chc OH CH2 CHO + Na Tinh cht ca ru => Tng = 5 p => B
Cu 73: Cho cc cht sau : CH3CH2CHO (1) ; CH2=CHCHO (2) ; CHCCHO (3) ; CH2=CHCH2OH (4) ;
(CH3)2CHOH (5). Nhng cht phan ng hon ton vi lng d H2 (Ni, to) cung to ra mt san phm l
- 11 -

A. (2), (3), (4), (5).

B. (1), (2), (4), (5). C. (1), (2), (3).
D. (1), (2), (3), (4).
1,2,3,4 u p vo lin kt pi => u to ra ru C3H7OH
=> D
5 khng c p vi H2 v khng c lin kt pi
Cu 74: Cho cc hp cht hu c : C2H4 ; C2H2 ; CH2O ; CH2O2 (mch h); C3H4O2 (mch h, n chc). Bit
C3H4O2 khng lm chuyn mu qu tim m.
a. S cht tc dung c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra Ag l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
P AgNO3/NH3 to ra Ag => Ch c cht cha gc CHO
CH2O ; HCHO => c gc CHO
CH2O2 (mch h) ; HCOOH => c gc CHO
C3H4O2 mch h , n chc + khng lm qu i => este m ta c k = 2 2 lin kt pi
=> cht c dng HCOOCH=CH2 khng th l CH2=CHCOOH v l axit i mu
=> c gc CHO
=> Tng = 3
=> C
b. S cht tc dung c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra kt ta l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
P AgNO3/NH3 to ra kt ta => Thm ca ankin na => C2H2 c p to ra kt ta AgCCAg
=> Tng = 4 => B
Cu 75: C th phn bi t 3 l mt nhn cha: HCOOH ; CH3COOH ; C2H5OH vi ha cht no di y ?
A. dd AgNO3/NH3. B. NaOH.
C. Na.
D. Cu(OH)2/OH-.
A. AgNO3/NH3 => Ch nhn bit c HCOOH
B. NaOH ch nhn bit C2H5OH v khng p cn 2 axit p
C. Ca 3 cht u p => khng nhn bit c
=> D dng
D. Cu(OH)2/OH-. Thc cht l Cu(OH)2 v NaOH OH- th hin mi trng kim
HCOOH c gc CHO => P : HCOOH + Cu(OH)2 + NaOH => Na2CO3 + Cu2O kt ta gch +
H2O Va c p vi NaOH , Cu(OH)2 nu khng un nng
CH3COOH ch p bnh thng + Cu(OH)2 => CH3COOCu + H2O v p vi NaOH
C2H5OH khng p
Cu 76: Ch dung thuc th no di y c th phn bi t 4 l mt nhn cha : fomon ; axit fomic ;
axit axetic ; ancol etylic ?
A. dd AgNO3/NH3.
B. CuO.
C. Cu(OH)2/OH-.
D. NaOH.
Fomon: HCHO , axit fomic : HCOOOH , Axit axetic : CH3COOH , ancol etylic : C2H5OH
AgNO3/NH3 => HCHO v HCOOH p v 2 cht cn li ko p => khng nhn bit c
CuO => Ru p v 2 axi p => khng nhn bit c
Cu(OH)2/OH- => HCHO p to ra kt ta gch Cu2O khi un nng
HCOOH va p to kt ta gch khi un nng + va p vi Cu(OH)2, NaOH khi khng un nng
CH3COOH p bnh thng vi Cu(OH)2 v NaOH
Cn li C2H5OH khng p
Cu 77: Ch dung thuc th no di y c th phn bi t 4 l mt nhn cha : etylen glicol ; axit fomic ;
fomon ; ancol etylic ?
A. dd AgNO3/NH3
B. CuO.
C. Cu(OH)2/OH-.
D. NaOH.
C. Cu(OH)2/ OH=> Nhng dng bi c HCHO v HCOOH th chn C
Phn tich bi trn:
Etylen glicol : OH CH2-CH2 OH
Tng t bi 76 => thm etylen glicol c 2 nhm OH lin k => p vi Cu(OH)2 to ra dung dch xanh lam
Axit fomic v fomon nhn bit c
Cn li C2H5OH
Cu 78: Ch dung qu tim v nc brom c th phn bi t c nhng cht no sau y ?
A. axit fomic ; axit axetic ; axit acrylic ; axit propionic.
B. Axit axetic; axit acrylic; anilin; toluen; axit fomic.
C. Ancol etylic; ancol metylic; axit axetic; axit propionic.
D. Ancol etylic; ancol metylic ; phenol ; anilin.
Axit acrylic : CH2 = CHCOOH
Xt p n A => Qu chng nhn bit c g v cc cht u l axit => qu chuyn tr axit fomic HCOOH
lm qu chuyn mu nht
Br2 ch nht bit c Axit acrylic : CH2 = CHCOOH v lm mt mu Br2 cng vo ni i hidroacbon
- 12 -

Xt B. Qu => 2 axit => chuyn v axit fomic nht, anilin :C6H5-NH2 v toluen: C7H8 khng lm qu
i mu
Cho dung dch Br2 => Axit acrylic mt mu => axit cn li l Axit axetic
C6H5NH2 to ra kt ta trng Xem bi amin lp 12 n tng t nh Phenol ch cn thay gc OH thnh NH2
Cn li C7H8 khng p Ankyl benzen khng lm i my qu
B ng
Tng t C , D
Cu 79: phn bit 3 mu ha cht ring bit : phenol, axit acrylic, axit axetic bng mt thuc th, ngi ta
dung thuc th
A. dung dch Na2CO3. B. CaCO3.
C. dung dch Br2.
D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3.
Dung dch Br2 => Phenol kt ta trng , axit acrylic lm mt mu , cn li axit axetic khng p => C
Cu 80: phn bit axit propionic v axit acrylic ta dung
A. dung dch Na2CO3. B. dung dch Br2.
C. dung dch C2H5OH. D. dung dch NaOH.
Dung dch Br2 => Axit acrylic lm mt mu
=> C
Cu 81: C th phn bit CH3CHO v C2H5OH bng phan ng vi
A. Na.
B. Cu(OH)2/NaOH. C. AgNO3/NH3.
D. Tt ca u ng.
Na th c C2H5OH p to ra khi H2
Cu(OH)2/NaOH => CH3CHO to ra kt ta gch Cu2O
AgNO3/NH3 => CH3CHO to ra kt ta Ag
=> D
Cu 82: phn bit 3 dung dch ring bit : axit axetic, axit acrylic, axit fomic ngi ta dung theo th t cc
thuc th sau
A. dung dch Br2/CCl4.
B. dung dch Br2/H2O.
C. dung dch Na2CO3.
D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d.
Cu 83: phn bit HCOOH v CH3COOH ta dung
A. Na.
B. AgNO3/NH3.
C. CaCO3.
D. NaOH.
HCOOH c gc CHO => p trng gng => B
Cu 84: Trng gng hon ton hp cht hu c X bng AgNO 3/NH3 thu c hn hp san phm ch gm cc
cht v c. X c cu to
A. HCHO.
B. HCOONH4.C. HCOOH.
D. Tt ca u ng.
P AgNO3/NH3 => cc cht v c => X cha CHO
=> A , B , C u ng
=> D
C ch p : RCHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O => RCOONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag
Cu 85: C th phn bit HCOOCH3 v CH3COOH bng
A. AgNO3/NH3
B. CaCO3.
C. Na.
D. Tt ca u ng.
HCOOCH3 c gc CHO => p AgNO3 / NH3 => kt ta Ag
cn li axit CH3COOH khng p
CH3COOH c gc COOH => p vi CaCO3 v Na u sinh ra khi cn li l HCOOCH3 este ko p
=> D
Cu 86: Cht to c kt ta gch khi un nng vi Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH l
A. HCHO.
B. HCOOCH3.
C. HCOOH.
D. Tt ca u ng.
C c gc CHO l p vi Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH khi un nng to ra Cu2O kt ta gch => D
Cu 87: Ch dung 1 ha cht no sau y phn bit cc dung dch : ancol etylic, glixerol, fomalin ?
A. Cu(OH)2 /OH-, toC. B. Na.
C. AgNO3 / NH3.
D. A, B, C u ng.
A ng v glixerol to ra dung dch mu xanh V c cc nhm OH lin k
Fomanlin HCHO p to ra kt ta gch Cu2O cn li l C2H5OH ancol etylic
=> A
Cu 88: Hiro ha hon ton 2,9 gam m t anehit A c 3,1 gam ancol. A c cng thc phn t l
A. CH2O.
B. C2H4O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C2H2O2.
Theo P : andehit + H2 => Rou cu th: R(CHO)n + nH2 => R(CH2-OH)n
=> BT khi lng => mH2 = 0,2 g => nAndehit = nH2 / n = 0,1/n
=> M andehit = 29n => Phu hp n = 2 => C2H2O2 n=1 khng phu hp v M = 29 ko c cht no
Cu 89: Th tich H2 (0oC v 2 atm) va tc dung vi 11,2 gam anehit acrylic l
A. 4,48 lit.
B. 2,24 lit.
C. 0,448 lit.
D. 0,336 lit.
Andehit acrylic : CH2 = CH CHO M = 56=> n andehit = 0,2 mol
Theo CT bi trn => nandehit = nH2 / 2 nH2 = 0,4 mol
Theo CT : n = P.V / (T.0,082) 0,4 = 2.V / (273.0,082) V = 4,48 lit => A
- 13 -

Cu 90: Cho 14,6 gam hn hp 2 anehit n chc, no lin tip tc dung ht vi H 2 to 15,2 gam hn hp 2
ancol.
a. Tng s mol 2 ancol l
A. 0,2 mol.
B. 0,4 mol.
C. 0,3 mol.
D. 0,5 mol.
Andehit n chc, no => x = 1 1 pi trong gc CHO
=> nAncol = nH2 = (mAncol mAndehit)/2 = 0,3 mol => C
b. Khi lng anehit c KLPT ln hn l
A. 6 gam.
B. 10,44 gam.
C. 5,8 gam.
D. 8,8 gam.
nAndehit = nH2 = 0,3 mol ; Andehit no n chc => CT : CnH2nO n trung bnh
M = 14n + 16 = 14,6 / 0,3 n = 2,33 => andehit l : CH3CHO v C2H5CHO
Ta c x + y = 0,3 ; 2x + 3y = 2,33.0,3 x , y ln lt l s mol 2 cht
v Cng thc n trung bnh = (a.x + by)/(x+y)
Vi a , b ln lt l s C
=> y = 0,1 => m C2H5CHO = 5,8 g
Cu 91: Cho 7 gam cht A c CTPT C4H6O tc dung vi H2 d c xc tc to thnh 5,92 gam ancol isobutylic.
a. Tn ca A l
A. 2-metyl propenal. B. 2-metylpropanal. C. but-2-en-1-ol.
D. but-2-en-1-al.
Ancol isobytylic : CH3 C(CH3) CH2 OH
V C4H6O c k =2 v p vi H2 d => A l andehit c 1 lin kt pi trong gc hidroacbon
P vi H2 khng lm thay i mch C
=> A : C = C(C) C OH khng th l C C(C) = C OH v
OH khng gn vi C khng no
2 metyl propenal => A
B sai v khng cha pi trong hidrocacbon . C , D sai v khc mch
b. Hiu sut ca phan ng l
A. 85%.
B. 75%.
C. 60%.
D. 80%.
Ta c nAndehit = 0,1 mol ; n Ru = 0,08 mol
=> nAndehit p = n Ru = 0,08 mol
=> H% = npu / n ban u = 0,08.100%/0,1 = 80%
Cu 92: Oxi ha 1,76 gam mt anehit n chc c 2,4 gam mt axit tng ng. Anehit l
A. anehit acrylic.
B. anehit axetic.
C. anehit propionic. D. anehit fomic.
Andehit + O => Axit => nAndehit = nO = (m Axit m andehit)/16 = 0,04 mol
=> M andehit = 44 => CH3CHO => Andehit axetic => B
Cu 93: Oxi ha 17,4 gam m t anehit n chc c 16,65 gam axit tng ng (H = 75%). Anehit c cng
thc phn t l
A. CH2O.
B. C2H4O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C3H4O.
m andehit p = 17,4.75% = 13,05 g
nAndehit p = nO = (mAxit mAndehit p)/16 = (16,65 13,05)/16 = 0,225 mol
=> M andehit = 13,05/0,225 = 58 => Andehit : C3H6O
Cu 94: t chy a mol mt anehit A thu c a mol CO2. Anehit ny c th l
A. CH3CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. C2H5CHO.
D. A, B, C u ng.
x = nCO2 / nX x l s C ca cht X : => x = 1 => B
Cu 95: t chy hon ton 1,46 gam hn hp 2 anehit no, n chc ng ng k tip thu c 1,568 lit
CO2 (ktc).
a. CTPT ca 2 anehit l
A. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO.
B. HCHO v CH3CHO.
C. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO.
D. Kt qua khc.
Andehit n chc => CnH2nO n trung bnh
nCnH2nO = nCO2 / n = 0,07 / n => M CnH2nO = 14n + 16 = 1,46 /(0,07/n) n = 2,33 => A v lin tip
b. Khi lng gam ca mi anehit l
A. 0,539 v 0,921.
B. 0,88 v 0,58.
C. 0,44 v 1,01.
D. 0,66 v 0,8.
Mo thy p n B chia p nht :CH3CHO = 0,2 mol ; nC2H5CHO = 0,1 mol
Cch 2 : x , y l mol CH3CHO v C2H5CHO
m hn hp = 44x + 58y = 1,46 ; BTNTC : 2x + 3y = nCO2 = 0,07 => x = 0,2 . y = 0,1
Cch 3 : n trung bnh = (2x + 3y)/(x+y) v 44x + 58y = 1,46 => x ,y

- 14 -

Cu 96: t chy hon ton m t anehit n chc no, mch h A cn 17,92 lit O2 (ktc). Hp thu ht san
phm chy vo nc vi trong c 40 gam kt ta v dung dch X. un nng dung dch X li c 10 gam kt
ta na. Cng thc phn t A l
A. CH2O.
B. C2H4O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C4H8O.
Xem li chuyn 1 dng bi to ra 2 kt ta
nCO2 = n Kt ta 1 + 2. n Kt ta 2 = 0,4 + 2.0,1 = 0,6 mol
Andehit no n chc => CnH2nO
PT : CnH2nO
+ (3n 1)/2O2 => nCO2 + nH2O
0,8 mol
0,6 mol
=> 0,3(3n -1) = 0,8n n = 3 => C3H6O => C
Nhn cho
Cu 97: X, Y, Z, T l 4 anehit no h n chc ng ng lin tip, trong M T = 2,4MX. t chy hon ton
0,1 mol Z ri hp thu ht san phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thy khi lng dung dch tng
hay giam bao nhiu gam?
A. tng 18,6 gam.
B. tng 13,2 gam.
C. Giam 11,4 gam. D. Giam 30 gam.
Gi CT ca X l CnH2nO => CT ca T l Cn+4H2(n+4)O V 4 andehit lin tip no, n chc
MT = 2,4MX 14n + 72 = 2,4(14n + 16) n = 1 =>X l CH2O => Z l C3H6O
0,1 mol Z => 0,3 mol CO2 BTNT C v 0,3 mol H2O BTNT H
Cho vo Ca(OH)2 => 0,3 mol CaCO3
m dung dch = mCO2 + mH2O m CaCO3 = 0,3.44 + 0,3.18 0,3.100 = -11,4 g
m dung dch giam 11,4 g
Cu 98: t chy hon ton m t lng aehit A cn va 2,52 lit O2 (ktc), c 4,4 gam CO2 v 1,35 gam
H2O. A c cng thc phn t l
A. C3H4O.
B. C4H6O.
C. C4H6O2.
D. C8H12O.
Ta c nCO2 = 0,1 mol ; nH2O = 0,075 mol ; nO2 = 0,1125 mol
Cch 1: BT Khi lng => m andehit = mCO2 + mH2O mO2 = 4,4 + 1,35 0,1125.32 = 2,15 mol
p n A,B,C u cha 2pi => nandehit = nCO2 nH2O = 0,025mol
M andehit = 2,15 / 0,025 = 86 => C
Cch 2: nC = nCO2 = 0,1 mol ; nH = 2nH2O = 0,15 mol
nO = 2nCO2 + nH2O 2nO2 BTNT Oxi = 0,05 mol
=> x : y : z = 0,1 : 0,15 : 0,05 = 2 : 3 : 1 => CTGN : C2H3O => Vi n = 2 => C4H6O2 C
Cch 3: Tm c m = 2,15 => C chia p nht + tha mn iu kin nCO2 = 4nC4H6O2 = 0,1 mol
Cu 99: t chy hon ton 1 anehit A mch h, no thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l
n A : n CO 2 : n H 2O 1 : 3 : 2 . Vy A l
A. CH3CH2CHO.
B. OHCCH2CHO.
C. HOCCH2CH2CHO.
D. CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO.
nA : nCO2 : nH2O = 1 : 3 : 2 => Chn nA = 1 ; nCO2 = 3 ; nH2O = 2
=> s C = nCO2 / nA = 3 ; s H = 2nH2O / nA = 4 => B v B cha 3 C v 4H
Cu 100: Cho 1,97 gam dung dch fomalin tc dung vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 10,8 gam Ag.
Nng % ca anehit fomic trong fomalin l
A. 49%.
B. 40%.
C. 50%.
D. 38,07%.
ADCT : nAg = 2x.nX vi x l s gc CHO ca cht X
Vi fomanlin c HCHO c 2 gc CHO => x = 2 => nHCHO p = nAg / 4 = 0,025 mol
=> % HCHO trong fomalin = mHCOH / m fomanlin = 0,025.30 .100% / 1,97 = 38,07%
Cu 101: Hp cht A cha 1 loi nhm chc v phn t ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, O trong oxi chim
37,21% v khi lng, 1 mol A trng gng hon ton cho 4 mol Ag. Vy A l
A. C2H4(CHO)2. B. HCHO.
C. HOCCH2CHO.
D. CH3CHO.
nA = 4nAg => A cha 2 gc CHO => Loi D
Mo th % Oxi cc p n => A tha mn = 37,21%
Cch t lun: Gi CT A c dng CxHyOz
%Oxi = 16z.100%/ (12x + y + 16z) = 37,21% 12x + y = 27z
Vi z = 1 => x = 2 v y = 3 loi v s H lun chn vi cht CxHyOz
Vi z = 2 => x = 4 v y = 6 => A tha mn
Cu 102: Cho 10,4 gam hn hp gm metanal v etanal tc dung vi mt lng va d AgNO 3/NH3 thu c
108 gam Ag. Khi lng metanal trong hn hp l
- 15 -

A. 4,4 gam.
B. 3 gam.
C. 6 gam.
D. 8,8 gam.
Metanal :HCHO 2 gc CHO ; Etanal : CH3CHO 1 gc CHO => 30x + 44y = 10,4
4x + 2y = nAg = 1 x = 0,2 => mHCHO = 6 => C
Cu 103: Cho bay hi ht 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 4,48 lit hi X 109,2 oC v 0,7 atm. Mt
khc khi cho 5,8 gam X phan ng ca AgNO3/NH3 d to 43,2 gam Ag. CTPT ca X l
A. C2H2O2.
B. C3H4O2.
C. CH2O.
D. C2H4O2.
bay hi ht 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 4,48 lit hi X 109,2oC v 0,7 atm
nX = PV/T.0,082 = 0,7.4,48/(382,2.0,082) = 0,1 mol
=> M X = 58
Ta c nAg = 4n X => X cha 2 gc CHO hay 2 Oxi + MX = 58 => A ng
Cu 104: Cho 5,8 gam anehit A tc dung ht vi mt lng d AgNO 3/NH3 thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Tm CTPT
ca A
A. CH3CHO.
B. CH2=CHCHO.
C. OHCCHO.
D. HCHO.
nA = nAg / 2x = 0,2 / x mol => MA = 29x vi x = 1 => HCHO loi v HCHO c x = 2 2 gc CHO
=> x = 2 => OHCCHO tha mn c 2 gc CHO => C
Cu 105: Cho 8,7 gam anehit X tc dung hon ton vi lng dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 (d) c 64,8 gam Ag.
X c cng thc phn t l
A. CH2O.
B. C2H4O.
C. C2H2O2.
D. C3H4O.
Tng t 104 => MX = 29x => C
Cu 106: 8,6 gam anehit mch khng nhnh A tc dung vi lng (d) dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to
43,2 gam Ag. A c cng thc phn t l
A. CH2O.
B. C3H4O.
C. C4H8O.
D.C4H6O2.
Tng t 104 => MX = 43x => x = 1 loi v A,B,C khng tha mn
Vi x = 2 => D tha mn 2 gc CHO th hin 2 oxi
Cu 107: X l hn hp gm 2 anehit ng ng lin tip. Cho 0,1 mol X tc dung vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3/NH3 c 25,92 gam bc. % s mol anehit c s cacbon nh hn trong X l
A. 20%.
B. 40%.
C. 60%.
D. 75%.
Gi x , y ln lt l s mol ca 2 andehit ; a , b ln lt l s nhm CHO ca 2 andehit
x + y = 0,1 ; 2ax + 2by = nAg ax + by = 0,12
(ax + by) / (x + y) = 1,2 => a hoc b = 1 hay 1 nhm CHO
V ng ng => Ch c cp cht HCHO v ng ng ca n tha mn
x + y = 0,1 ; 2x + y = 0,12 => x = 0,02 mol => % HCHO = 20%
V 2< nAg / nX = 2,4 < 4 => hn hp 2 cht chc chn phai c 1 ci c mt gc CHO
Cu 108: Cho 0,1 mol m t anehit X tc dung ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro
ha hon ton X c Y. Bit 0,1 mol Y tc dung va vi Na va c 12 gam rn. X c cng thc phn
t l
A. CH2O.
B. C2H2O2.
C. C4H6O.
D. C3H4O2.
nAg/nX = 4 => X cha 2 gc CHO => A , B , D tha mn
Vi A.CH2O hay HCHO + H2 => CH3OH + Na => CH3ONa M = 54 => loi v M Rn = 120
Vi B v D hay 2 gc CHO => CT : CnH2n-2O2 2pi + 2H2 => CnH2n+2O2 + Na => CnH2nO2Na2
M rn = 14n + 32 + 46 = 120 n = 3 => C3H4O2
Cu 109: X l hn hp 2 anehit n chc. Chia 0,12 mol X thnh hai phn bng nhau :
- t chy ht phn 1 c 6,16 gam CO2 v 1,8 gam H2O.
- Cho phn 2 tc dung vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 c 17,28 gam bc.
X gm 2 anehit c cng thc phn t l
A. CH2O v C2H4O.
B. CH2O v C3H6O. C. CH2O v C3H4O. D. CH2O v C4H6O.
Chia lm 2 phn => n hn hp mi phn = 0,06 mol
Phn 1 thy nCO2 # nH2O => Loi A , B v 2 andehit u c dng CnH2nO => t to ra nCO2 = nH2O
p n => C CH2O hay HCHO c 2 gc CHO v 1 andehit c 1 nhm CHO
Xt phn 2 => x + y = 0,06 ; 4x + 2y = 0,16 x = 0,02 ; y = 0,04 x , y l s mol ca 2 andehit
Xt phn 1 => nCO2 to ra t p t CH2O = nCH2O = x = 0,02 mol
=> nCO2 to ra t andehit cn li = 0,12 mol => s C = nCO2 / y = 3 =>
C
Cu 110: Oxi ha 48 gam ancol etylic bng K 2Cr2O7 trong H2SO4 c, tch ly san phm hu c ra ngay khi
mi trng v dn vo dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thy c 123,8 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phan ng oxi ha l
A. 72,46 %.
B. 54,93 %.
C. 56,32 %.
D. Kt qua khc.
- 16 -

on Cht hu c l CH3CHO v ru l C2H5OH

P : C2H5OH + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 => CH3CHO + K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O
nC2H5OH p = nCH3CHO = nAg / 2 = 0,573 mol
=> H% p = mC2H5OH p / m ban u = 0,573.46/48 = 54,93% => B
Cu 111: Dn m gam hi ancol etylic qua ng ng CuO d un nng. Ngng tu phn hi thot ra c hn
hp X gm anehit, ancol etylic v H2O. Bit lng X tc dung vi Na (d) giai phng 3,36 lit H2 ( ktc),
cn 1/2 lng X cn li tc dung vi d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to c 25,92 gam Ag.
a. Gi tr m l
A. 13,8 gam
B. 27,6 gam
C. 16,1 gam
D. 6,9 gam
P : C2H5OH + CuO
=> CH3CHO
+ Cu
+ H2O
(1)
X p vi Na (d) => n C2H5OH d + nH2O = 2nH2 = 0,3 mol = nC2H5OH d + nC2H5OH p v n H2O =
nC2H5OH p v ly => nC2H5OH ban u = 0,6 mol => m = 27,6 g
b. Hiu sut phan ng oxi ho ancol etylic l
A. 20%.
B. 40%.
C. 60%.
D. 75%.
X p vi AgNO3/NH3 => nCH3CHO = nAg / 2 = 0,12 mol = n C2H5OH p
V ly so vi ban u => nC2H5OH p thc t = 0,24 mol
% C2H5OH p = 0,24.100% / 0,6 = 40% => B
Cu 112: Cho m gam ancol n chc no (h) X qua ng ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi phan ng hon
ton thy khi lng cht rn trong ng giam 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c (gm hi anehit v hi nc)
c t khi so vi H2 l 19. Gi tr m l
A. 1,2 gam.
B. 1,16 gam.
C. 0,92 gam.
D.0,64 gam.
Xem phn ancol dng bi ny lm rui
m giam = mO = 0,32 g T CuO => Cu
V hn hp gm andehit v H2O m nAndehit = nH2O = nOxi = 0,02 mol => n hn hp = 0,04 mol
V ta c mCuO mCu = 0,32 g lng giam
BTKL : m X + mCuO = m hn hp + mCu m X = m hn hp 0,32
m ancol = m hn hp - m giam = 0,02.2.19.2 - 0,32 = 1,2 g
=> A
Cu 113: X l hn hp 2 ancol n chc ng ng lin tip. Cho 0,3 mol X tc dung hon ton vi CuO un
nng c hn hp Y gm 2 anehit. Cho Y tc dung vi lng dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 c 86,4 gam Ag. X
gm
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
D. C3H5OH v C4H7OH.
nX = nY = 0,3 V p khng thay i s C
Ta c 2 < nAg/nY = 2,67 < 4 => Y chc chn c HCHO
=> X c CH3OH => A v lin tip
Cu 114: Dn 4 gam hi ancol n chc A qua ng ng CuO, nung nng. Ngng tu phn hi thot ra c
hn hp X. Cho X tc dung vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 c 43,2 gam bc. A l
A. ancol metylic.
B. ancol etylic.
C. ancol anlylic.
D. ancol benzylic.
Ta c nAndehit = nAg / 2x = 0,2 / x = nAncol p =>
M ancol < 4 / (0,2/x) = 20x v ru khng p ht
cn d => m ru p < 4
x = 1 => Loi khng c ru vi M < 20
x = 2 => M < 40 => c CH3OH duy nht tha mn v andehit l HCHO c x = 2 2 nhm CHO => A
Cu 115: X l hn hp gm m t ancol n chc no, mch h A v m t anehit no, mch h n chc B (A v
B c cung s cacbon). t chy hon ton 13,4 gam X c 0,6 mol CO 2 v 0,7 mol H2O. S nguyn t C
trong A, B u l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Ancol n chc no , andehit n chc no v A v B cng s C
CT : ancol : CnH2n+2O ; Andehit : CnH2nO
nAncol = nH2O nCO2 = 0,1 mol V ancol no => khng pi
Gi y l s mol andehit
BTNT C : n . nAncol + n. nAndehit = nCO2 0,1n + n.y = 0,6 (I)
m hn hp = mAncol + mandehit = 13,4 (14n + 18)0,1 + (14n + 16)y = 13,4
14(0,1n + y) + 16y = 11,6 14.0,6 + 16y = 11,6 T I y = 0,2 mol th vo I => n = 2 => B
Cch khc:
- 17 -

Th p n : Ta thy M andehit = M ancol - 2

Gi x , y l s mol ancol v andehit
m hn hp = x.M + (M- 2).y = 13,4 vi M l M ancol
n(x+y) = nCO2 = 0,6
Xt A . n = 1 => M = 32 CH3OH v HCHO
=> Th vo trn giai h m => Loi
Xt B. n = 2 => M = 46 C2H5OH v CH3CHO => x = 0,1 y = 0,2 p => n = 2 ng tng t C, D sai
Cu 116: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dung vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3)
trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phan ng xay ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh l
A. 43,2 gam.
B. 10,8 gam.
C. 64,8 gam.
D. 21,6 gam.
HCHO c 2 gc CHO , HCOOH c 1 gc CHO
=> nAG = 4nHCHO + 2nHCOOH = 4.0,1 + 2.0,1 = 0,6 mol => mAg = 64,8 g
Cu 117: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc
dung vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l
A. HCHO v C2H5CHO.
B. HCHO v CH3CHO.
C. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO.
D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO.
Ta c 2 < nAg/ nhn hp X = 3 < 4 => X cha HCHO v k tip => cht cn li l CH3CHO => B
Cu 118: Hiro ho hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng (MX < My), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi lng ln hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy
hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO2. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X ln lt l
A. HCHO v 50,56%.
B. CH3CHO v 67,16%.
C. CH3CHO v 49,44%.
D. HCHO v 32,44%.
V andehit no n chc CnH2nO
nH2 = n hn hp ru = n Hn hp ancol = 0,5 mol , => n = nCO2 / n hn hp ancol = 1,4 n trung
bnh
v k tip nhau => HCHO v CH3CHO x + y = 0,5 ; 1,4 = (x + 2y) / (x + y) CT n trung bnh
x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2 => %m HCHO = 0,3.30 / (0,3.30 + 0,2.44) = 50,56 % % X MX < MY => A
Cu 119: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dung vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng
thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phan ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc
cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCHO.
B. OHCCHO.
C. CH3CHO.
D. CH3CH(OH)CHO.
nAg / nX = 4 => X cha 2 gc CHO => Loi C v D
nY = nNa / 2 => Y cha 2 gc OH => Loi A V to ra Y : CH3OH => B OH CH2 CH2 OH
Cu 120: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dung vi Na v c phan ng trng bc. Bit
phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l
A. HOCH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CHO.
B. HOCH2CH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CH2CHO.
C. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2CH3.
D. HOCH(CH3)CHO v HOOCCH2CHO.
X,Y u p vi Na v c p trng bc => Loi C v C l este khng p Na
Mo . Thy cc p n u c 2 Oxi => %Oxi X = 32.100% / MX = 53,33 MX = 60
%Oxi Y = 32.100% / MY = 43,24% MY = 74
A tha mn
Cch giai t lun : Gi CT : CxHyOz
%O X = 16z .100% / (12x + y + 16z) = 53,33% 12x + y = 14z
p n => z = 2 => x = 2 v y = 4
X l C2H4O2 => Loi B v D
Tng t cn Y l C3H6O2 => A Loi C v khng p vi Na
Cu 121: Hp cht hu c X tc dung c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3. Th tich ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tich ca 1,6 gam khi O2 (cung iu kin v nhit v p sut).
Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tich khi CO2 thu c vt qu 0,7 lit ( ktc). Cng thc cu to ca
X l
A. HCOOC2H5.
B. CH3COOCH3.
C. HOOCCHO.
D. OHCCH2CH2OH.
Mo : X tc dung vi NaOH un nng + p vi AgNO3/NH3 => X c gc COOH hoc COO cng thm gc
CHO => A hoc C .
V ca 3,7 g hi X = V ca 1,6 g khi O2 nX = nO2 3,7 / MX = 1,6 / 32 MX = 74 ny khng cn
thit v p n no M = 74 => C th da vo p n
- 18 -

Ta c t chy 1 g X => VCO2 > 0,7 lit => n > nCO2 / nX = 2,3 s C = nCO2 / nX . v V CO2 > 0,7
=> A
Cu 122: Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th
cn va 17,92 lit khi O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,5.
B. 8,8.
C. 24,8.
D. 17,8.
Andehit no , n chc CnH2nO n trung bnh do 2 andehit => n hh Andehit = nH2
= (mAncol mAndehit)/2 = 0,5 mol
n=nCO2 / n hn hp Andehit =1,6 => M = 14n + 16 = 38,4 => m = n hn hp . M hn hp = 0,5.38,4 = 17,8 g
Cu 123: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ru (ancol) no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc
dung vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H2 l
13,75). Cho ton b Y phan ng vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, sinh ra
64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8.
B. 8,8.
C. 7,4.
D. 9,2.
PT chung i vi dng ny :
Ru no , n chc : CnH2n+2O + CuO => CnH2nO + H2O + Cu
Hn hp khi l CnH2nO andehit v H2O
BT Khi lng : m CnH2n+2O ru + mCuO => mCnH2nO + mH2O + mCu
m ru
= m hn hp (mCuO mCu)
= m hn hp n hh andehit. 16 n hh andehit hoc nH2O hoc n ru
= M hn hp . n hn hp - n andehit.16
= M hn hp . 2n hh andehit n hh andehit . 16
v n hn hp = n hh andehit + nH2O
c mi bit cho khng cht ch.
T M hn hp Y gm 2 andehit v H2O = 27,5 > 18H2O
Ca 2 andehit > 27,5 V andehit thp nht l HCHO c M = 30
TH1: c HCHO v 1 andehit khc c s C ln hn 1
4x + 2y = nAg x , y l mol andehit
Nu cho thm : s mol 2 ru bng nhau => x = y => n hn hp andehit = nH2O = 0,2 mol
Th vo CT trn => m ru = M hn hp . 2n hn hp andehit n hn hp andehit . 16 = 7,8 g => A
TH2 : ca 2 andehit u c 1 gc CHO hay s C > 1
2x + 2y = nAg n hn hp andehit = 0,3 mol => th CT => m = 11,7 g
Theo kin c nhn.
Cu 124: Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phan ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong
dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra
2,24 lit NO2 (san phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l
A. C3H7CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. C4H9CHO.
D. C2H5CHO.
BT e => nAg = nNO2 = 0,1 mol => n andehit = nAg / 2x = 0,05 / x
M andehit = 72x => vi x = 1 => A ng
Vi x = 2 => Loi Ch c B c x = 2 nhng M khng phu hp
Cu 125: Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp san phm X
(gm HCHO, H2O v CH3OH d). Cho ton b X tc dung vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch
NH3, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phan ng oxi ho CH3OH l
A. 76,6%.
B. 80,0%.
C. 65,5%.
D. 70,4%.
nCH3OH p = nHCHO to thnh = nAg / 4 = 0,03 mol
=> H% p = mCH3OH p / mCH3OH ban u = 0,03.32.100% / 1,2 = 80% => B
Cu 126: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phan ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c
54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phan ng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, to) th 0,125 mol X phan ng ht vi 0,25 mol
H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l
A. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2).
B. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2).
C. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0).
D. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0).
Ta c nAg / n andehit = 2 => Andehit c 1 gc CHO => Loi C v nu n = 0 th HCHO c nAg/n andehit = 4
Loi D v c 2 gc CHO => nAg / nAndehit = 4
- 19 -

Ta c nX = nH2 / 2 => X cha 2 lin kt pi m CHO c 1 pi => hidroacbon c 1 pi

=> B. CnH2n-1CHO hay Cn+1H2(n+1) 2O hay CmH2m-2O c 2 pi ging gc ankin
Cu 127: Cho hn hp khi X gm HCHO v H2 i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phan ng xay ra
hon ton, thu c hn hp khi Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H 2O v 7,84 lit
khi CO2 ( ktc). Phn trm theo th tich ca H2 trong X l
A. 35,00%.
B. 65,00%.
C. 53,85%.
D. 46,15%.
H: BTNT C => nHCHO = nCO2 = 0,35 mol
BTNT H => 2nHCHO + 2nH2 = 2nH2O nH2 = 0,3 mol
=> %VH2 = nH2.100% / (nHCHO + nH2) = 0,3.100% / (0,35 + 0,3) = 46,15%
Cu 128: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Oxi ho hon
ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thich hp, thu c hn hp san phm hu
c Y. Cho Y tc dung vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 13,5.
B. 8,1.
C. 8,5.
D. 15,3.
Ta c 2 < nAg/ nX = 0,25 < 4 => Y chc chn cha HCHO v nu khng cha => nAg/ nX = 2
Y cha HCHO v CH3CHO v HCHO c 2 gc CHO v v k tip => X : CH3OH v C2H5OH
Gi x , y ln lt l s mol tng ru =>n hn hp = x + y = 0,2 ;
4x + 2y = nAg = 0,5 V n andehit = n ru x = 0,05 ; y = 0,15 => m = 8,5 g
Cu 129: 1,72 gam hn hp anehit acrylic v anehit axetic tham gia phan ng cng va 1,12 lit H 2 (ktc).
Cho thm 0,696 gam anehit B l ng ng ca anehit fomic vo 1,72 gam hn hp 2 anehit trn ri cho
hn hp thu c tham gia phan ng trng bc hon ton c 10,152 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca B l
A. CH3CH2CHO.
B. C4H9CHO.
C. CH3CH(CH3)CHO. D. CH3CH2CH2CHO.
Andehit acrylic : CH2=CH-CHO ; adehit axetic : CH3CHO ; gi x , y ln lt l s mol 2 andehit
56x + 44y = 1,72 ; 2x + y = nH2 = 0,05 => x = 0,015 ; y = 0,02
p n => B cha 1 gc CHO
=> 2 n B + 2x + 2y = nAg nB = 0,012 => MB = 0,696 / 0,012 = 58 = 14n + 16 => n = 3 => A
V andehit thuc dy ng ng andehit fomic => No n chc : CnH2nO
Cu 130*: 17,7 gam hn hp X gm 2 anehit n chc phan ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3
(dung d) c 1,95 mol Ag v dung dch Y. Ton b Y tc dung vi dung dch HCl d c 0,45 mol CO 2.
Cc cht trong hn hp X l
A. C2H3CHO v HCHO.
B. C2H5CHO v HCHO.
C. CH3CHO v HCHO.
D. C2H5CHO v CH3CHO.
M : T p n => A,B,C u cha 1 andehit c 1 gc CHO v 1 andehit cha 2 gc CHO cu th l HCHO
m hn hp andehit = MA.x + MB.y = 17,7
2x + 4y = nAg = 1,95
Th p n A : MA = 56 (C2H3CHO) ; MB = 30 (HCHO) => Giai h ra nghim p + dng => A
ng
x = 0,075 ; y = 0,45
=> Th B v C l
Nu th D => sa 2x + 2y = 1,95 => l
Cch t lun : CH c HCHO + AgNO3/NH3 => (NH4)2CO3 + NH3 + H2O
V (NH4)2CO3 + HCL => NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O
nCO2 = n(NH4)2CO3 = nHCHO = 0,45 mol => x = ( nAg 2nHCHO)/2
v m Andehit cn li = 17,7 mHCH => M andehit = 56 => A
Cu 131: A l axit cacboxylic n chc cha no (1 ni i C=C). A tc dung vi brom cho san phm cha
65,04% brom (theo khi lng). V y A c cng thc phn t l
A. C3H4O2.
B. C4H6O2.
C. C5H8O2.
D. C5H6O2.
Axit n chc c 1 ni i => CT : CnH2n-2O2
P cng Br2 ch vo ni i mch hidroacbon => san phm : CnH2n-2Br2O2
=> %Br2 = 160.100% / (14n -2 + 160 + 32) = 65,04 => n = 4 => C4H6O2 => B
Cu 132: Mun trung ha 6,72 gam mt axit hu c A cn dung 200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. A l
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH3CH2COOH. C. HCOOH.
D. CH2=CHCOOH.
CT : x = nNaOH / nX vi x l s nhm COOH hoc nhm COO ca cht X
p n => Axit A ch c 1 nhm COOH
=> nNaOH = nAxit = 0,112 mol => Maxit = 60 => A
- 20 -

Cu 133: trung ha 40 ml gim n cn 25 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Bit khi lng ring ca gim l 1
g/ml. V y mu gim n ny c nng l
A. 3,5%.
B. 3,75%.
C. 4%.
D. 5%.
Gim n : CH3COOH : nCH3COOH = nNaOH = 0,025 mol ; m dung dch = 40 g
=> C% CH3COOH = 0,025.60.100% / 40 = 3,75 % => B
Cu 134: Trung ha 9 gam axit cacbonxylic A bng NaOH va c cn dung dch c 13,4 gam mui khan.
A c cng thc phn t l
A. C2H4O2.
B. C2H2O4.
C. C3H4O2.
D. C4H6O4.
Tng qut : PT : R(COOH)x + xNaOH => R(COONa)x + H2O
x l s nhm COOH
T Axit => Mui => m tng = 22x => n Axit = n mui = (m mui maxit)/22x
n Axit = (m mui m Axit) / 22x = 0,2 / x
M axit = 9 / (0,2/x) = 45x => Vi x = 2 => B x = 1 loi v khng c p n no ng
Cu 135: Trung ha 2,7 gam axit cacboxylic A cn va 60 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. A c cng thc phn t
l
A. C2H4O2.
B. C3H4O2.
C. C4H6O4.
D. C2H2O4.
nAxit = nNaOH / x = 0,06/x => M axit = 2,7 / (0,06/x) = 45x => vi x = 2 => D
Cu 136: Trung ha hon ton 1,8 gam mt axit hu c n chc bng dung dch NaOH va ri c cn
dung dch sau phan ng c 2,46 gam mui khan. Axit l
A. HCOOH.
B. CH2=CHCOOH. C. CH3CH2COOH. D. CH3COOH.
p n => 1 gc COOH hay x = 1 => nAxit = (m mui m axit)/22 = 0,03 mol=> M Axi = 60 => D
Cu 137: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dung hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH
0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan.
Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H5COOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. HCOOH.
D. C3H7COOH.
BT khi lng => mH2O = 1,08 g => nH2O = nAxit v axit n chc rt ra t PT = 0,06 mol
=> M axit = 60 => B
Cu 138: A v B l 2 axit cacboxylic n chc. Trn 1,2 gam A vi 5,18 gam B c hn hp X. trung ha
ht X cn 90 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. A, B ln lt l
A. Axit propionic, axit axetic.
B. axit axetic, axit propionic.
C. Axit acrylic, axit propionic.
D. Axit axetic, axit acrylic.
p n => u n chc => nNaOH = n A + nB
0,09 = 1,2 / MA + 5,18/MB
Th p n => B ng A : CH3COOH M = 60 ; B : C2H5COOH M = 74
Cu 139: Cho 2,46 gam hn hp gm HCOOH, CH 3COOH, C6H5OH tc dung va vi 400 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M. Tng khi lng mui thu c sau phan ng l
A. 3,54 gam.
B. 4,46 gam.
C. 5,32 gam.
D. 11,26 gam.
V cc cht ch cha 1 H linh ng => m mui = m hn hp + 22.n hn hp hoc nNaOH
m mui = 2,46 + 0,4.22 = 11,26 g => D Tng giam khi lng
Cu 140: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dung ht vi CaCO3 thu c 7,28 gam mui ca
axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH2=CHCOOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. HCCCOOH.
D. CH3CH2COOH.
PT :
2RCOOH + CaCO3 =>
(RCOO)2Ca + H2O
Gia s
2 mol
=>
1 mol => m tng = 38 g
Vi
x mol

=> m tng = 7,28 5,76 = 1,52 g

=> nRCOOH p = 1,52.2 / 38 = 0,08 mol => M axit = 5,76 / 0,08 = 72 => A
Cu 141: Cho 0,1 mol axit hu c X tc dung vi 11,5 gam hn hp Na v K thu c 21,7 gam cht rn v
thy thot ra 2,24 lit khi H2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. (COOH)2.
B. CH3COOH.
C. CH2(COOH)2.
D. CH2=CHCOOH.
Ta lun c x . nX = 2nH2 vi x l s H linh ng trong X
=> nX = nH2 = 0,1 mol => X cha 2 gc COOH => Loi B v D
BT khi lng => mX + m hn hp Na , K = m rn + mH2 mX = 10,4 => MX = 104 => C
Cu 142: Cho 16,6 gam hn hp gm HCOOH, CH3COOH tc dung ht vi Mg thu c 3,36 lit H2 (ktc).
Khi lng CH3COOH l
A. 12 gam.
B. 9 gam.
C. 6 gam.
D. 4,6 gam.
Gi x , y ln lt l s mol 2 ru => 44x + 60y = 16,6
- 21 -

x + y = 2nH2 = 0,3 mol => y = 0,2 mol => m CH3COOH = 12 g

Cu 143: X l hn hp gm HCOOH v CH 3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 21,2 gam X tc dung vi 23 gam
C2H5OH (xc tc H2SO4 c, un nng) thu c m gam hn hp este (hi u sut este ha u t 80%). Gi tr
m l
A. 40,48 gam.
B. 23,4 gam.
C. 48,8 gam.
D. 25,92 gam.
Dng bi P este ha : nhiu ancol + nhiu axit
Phng php
Ta lun c M este = M ancol + M axit M H2O M trc = M sau p
p : M C2H5OH = 46 ; M hn hp Axit = 53 v t l mol 1 : 1 => M trung bnh = (46 + 60)/2 = 53
T l 1 : 1 => nHCOOH = nCH3COOH = x mol => m hn hp = 46x + 60x = 21,2 => x = 0,2 mol
n hn hp Axit = 0,4 mol ; nC2H5OH = 0,5 mol
n este = n hn hp axit = 0,4 mol
M este = M C2H5OH + M hn hp Axit 18 = 46 + 53 18 = 81
m este theo PT = 0,4.81 = 32,4 g
H% san phm = mTT . 100% / mPT mTT = mPT .H% / 100% = 32,4 .80/100 = 25,92 g => D
Cu 144: un nng 6 gam CH3COOH vi 9,2 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phan ng t
ti trng thi cn cn bng th c 5,5 gam este. Hi u sut phan ng este ha l
A. 55%.
B. 62,5%.
C. 75%.
D. 80%.
M este = MCH3COOH + MC2H5OH 18 = 60 + 46 18 = 88
Hoc bit este l CH3COOC2H5
n este = nCH3COOH = 0,1 mol v p t ti trng thi cn bng => m este theo PT = 8,8 g
=> H% = meste TT . 100% / mPT = 5,5.100% / 8,8 = 62,5 % => B
Cu 145: Cho 0,3 mol axit X n chc trn vi 0,25 mol ancol etylic em thc hin phan ng este ha thu
c thu c 18 gam este. Tch ly lng ancol v axit d cho tc dung vi Na thy thot ra 2,128 lit H2. Vy
cng thc ca axit v hiu sut phan ng este ha l
A. CH3COOH, H% = 68%.
B. CH2=CHCOOH, H%= 78%.
C. CH2=CHCOOH, H% = 72%.
D. CH3COOH, H% = 72%.
Este c dng : RCOOC2H5 P : RCOOH + C2H5OH => RCOOC2H5 + H2O
Gi x l s mol axit p => n Axit p = n ru p = x = n este
nAxit d = 0,3 x ; n Ru d = 0,25 x
nAxit d + n ru d = 2nH2 v axit , ru u n chc : CT : x . nX = 2nH2 x l s H linh ng
0,55 2x = 0,19 x = 0,18 => M este = 100 = MR + 73 MR = 27 => R : CH2=CH
Axit l CH2=CHCOOH ;
H% = x .100% / n Ru = 0,18.100% / 0,25 = 72% => C
Tinh theo Ru v lng axit d nhiu hn
Cu 146: Oxi ho anehit OHCCH2CH2CHO trong iu kin thich hp thu c hp cht hu c X. un nng
hn hp gm 1 mol X v 1 mol ancol metylic vi xc tc H 2SO4 c thu c 2 este Z v Q (M Z < MQ) vi t l
khi lng mZ : mQ = 1,81. Bit ch c 72% ancol chuyn thnh este. S mol Z v Q ln lt l
A. 0,36 v 0,18.
B. 0,48 v 0,12.
C. 0,24 v 0,24.
D. 0,12 v 0,24.
OHCCH2CH2CHO + O2 => HOOCCH2CH2COOH X
PT : HOOCCH2CH2COOH + CH3OH => HOOCCH2CH2COOCH3 Z+ H2O
HOOCCH2CH2COOH + 2CH3OH => H3COOCCH2CH2COOCH3 Q + 2H2O
Gi x , y l s mol Z v Q => x + 2y = nCH3OH p = 0,72 mol
nHOOCH2CH2COOCH3 = nCH3OH PT 1 = x
nH3COOCCH2CH2COOCH3 = nCH3OH / 2 PT 2 = y / 2
m Z = 1,81 MQ 132x = 1,81 . 146y
giai h => x = 0,36 ; y = 0,18 => A
Cu 147: t chy hon ton 2,22 gam mt axit hu c no A thu c 1,62 gam H2O. A l
A. C3H7COOH.
B. C2H5COOH.
C. HCOOH.
D. CH3COOH.
p n => Axit hu c no n chc => CT : CnH2nO2
BTNT H => 2n . nCnH2nO2 = 2nH2O nCnH2nO2 = 0,09 / n
=> M CnH2nO2 = 14n + 32 = 2,22 / (0,09/n) = 74n/3 n = 3 => B
- 22 -

Cu 148: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol axit n chc cn V lit O 2 ktc, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O.
Gi tr V l
A. 6,72 lit.
B. 8,96 lit.
C. 4,48 lit.
D. 5,6 lit.
BT NT Oxi => 2n Axit + 2nOxi = 2nCO2 + nH2O v axit n chc => c 2 oxi
0,2 + 2nO2 = 0,6 + 0,2 VO2 = 6,72 lit
Cu 149: t chy hon ton m t axit A thu c 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,15 mol H2O. A c cng thc phn t l
A. C3H4O4.
B. C4H8O2.
C. C4H6O4.
D. C5H8O4.
x : y = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 0,2 : 0,3 = 2 : 3 => C
Cu 150: t chy hon ton 4,38 gam mt axit E no, mch thng thu c 4,032 lit CO 2 (kc) v 2,7 gam
H2O. CTCT ca E l
A. CH3COOH.
B. C17H35COOH.
C. HOOC(CH2)4COOH. D. CH2=C(CH3)COOH.
Ta c nCO2 = 0,18 # nH2O = 0,15 => Loi A v B v A , B c s pi = 1 => nCO2 = nH2O
C v D c s pi = 2 => n Axit = nCO2 nH2O = 0,03 mol
=> M axit = 146 => C
Cu 151: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol axit cacboxylic A thu c cha n 8 gam hn hp CO2 v H2O. A l
A. axit fomic.
B. axit axetic.
C. axit acrylic.
D. axit oxalic.
Gi CT tng qut ca axit : CnH2n+2 2aOz a l tng pi + vng
nCO2 = n . n Axit = 0,1 n ; nH2O = (n+1 a). n Axit = 0,1 (n+1 a)
m CO2 + mH2O < 8 4,4n + 1,8(n+1 a) < 9 6,2 n < 7,2 + 1,8a
p n A v B c a = 1 => n < 1,45 => n = 1 => HCOOH axit fomic => A
p n C v D c a = 2 => n < 1,74 => n = 1 => Loi
Cu 152: Z l mt axit hu c. t chy 0,1 mol Z cn 6,72 lit O2 (ktc). CTCT ca Z l
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH2=CHCOOH. C. HCOOH.
D. Kt qua khc.
x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX = 3 Ta c z = 2 v p n l axit n chc => s Oxi = 2
=> x + y/4 = 4 => x = 3 v y =4 => B
Cu 153: t chy ht 1 th tich hi axit hu c A c 3 th tich hn hp CO2 v hi nc khi o cung iu
kin. CTPT ca A l
A. HCOOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. HOOCCOOH.
D. HOOCCH2COOH.
x = nCO2 / nA = VCO2 / VA = 3 => D x l s C
Cu 154: t chy hon ton 0,44 gam mt axit hu c, san phm chy cho hp thu hon ton vo bnh 1 ng
P2O5, bnh 2 ng dung dch KOH. Sau thi nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,36 gam v bnh 2 tng 0,88
gam. CTPT ca axit l
A. C4H8O2.
B. C5H10O2.
C. C2H6O2.
D. C2H4O2.
m bnh 1 = mH2O = 0,36 => nH2O = 0,02 mol
m bnh 2 = mCO2 = 0,88 => nCO2 = 0,02 mol
=> nCO2 = nH2O + p n l axit n chc
=> CT : CnH2nO2 => n . nCnH2nO2 = nCO2 BTNT C => nCnH2nO2 = 0,02 / n
=> M CnH2nO2 = 14n + 32 = 0,44 / (0,02/n) n = 4 => C4H8O2 => A
Cu 155: t chy ht 10ml th tich hi mt hp cht hu c A cn dung 30 ml O 2, san phm thu c ch
gm CO2 v H2O c th tich bng nhau v u bng th tich O2 phan ng. CTPT ca A l
A. C2H4O2.
B. C3H6O3.
C. C3H6O2.
D. C4H8O2.
VCO2 = VH2O = VO2 = 30 ml
x = VCO2 / VA = 3 ; y = 2VH2O / VA = 6
x + y /4 z/2 = VO2 / VA 3 + 6/4 z/2 = 3 z = 3 => B :C3H6O3
Dng bi nCO2 = nH2O = nO2 => Cht A c dng (CH2O)n hay CnH2nOn
V PT : CnH2nOn + nO2 => nCO2 + nH2O
p dung bi trn => n = VCO2 / VA = 3 => C3H6O3
Cu 156: X l hn hp 2 axit cacboxylic no, h, phn t mi axit cha khng qu 2 nhm -COOH. t chy
hon ton 9,8 gam X c 11 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. X gm
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
B. HCOOH v HOOCCH2COOH.
C. HCOOH v HOOCCOOH.
D. CH3COOH v HOOCCH2COOH.
nCO2 = 0,25 mol > nH2O = 0,2 mol + T p n => 1 axit n chc pi = 1 v 1 axit 2 chc pi = 2
=> Loi A
nAxit 2 chc = nCO2 nH2O = 0,05 mol Xem chuyn 1 : vi pi = 2 th nX = nCO2 nH2O
pi = 0 : nX = nH2O nCO2 ; pi = 1 : nH2O = nCO2
- 23 -

Cch 1: Gi a,b l s C ca 2 axit => a. nX1 + b.nX2 = nCO2 = 0,25 mol a.nX1 + b.0,05 = 0,25
Ta c nX2 = 0,05 mol V 2 chc => c 2 pi
Th p n : B X1 c 1C , X2 c 3C => nHCOOH = 0,05 mol
m hn hp = 0,1.46 + 0,05.104 = 9,8 g => B
Th C, D loi
Cch 2: CT 2 axit : CnH2nO2 1pi v CmH2m-2O4 2pi
Gi x,y ln lt l s mol trong 2 axit
m hn hp = (14n+32)x + (14m + 62)y = 9,8
(I)
BTNT C : nx + my = 0,25 th vo I ta c 32x + 62y = 6,3
Th p n => n,m giai h => p n no p tha mn
Vi p n B: n = 1 , m = 3 tha mn
Cch 3: Mt xut hin ca HCOOH trong 4 p n l 3 ln v HOOCCH2COOH l 2 ln nhiu nht
=> B
Cch ny ch dung khi khng lm c
Cu 157: Cc san phm thu c khi t chy hon ton 3 gam axit hu c X c dn ln lt qua bnh 1
ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng dung dch NaOH. Sau thi nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 1,8 gam v khi
lng bnh 2 tng 4,4 gam. CTCT ca A l
A. HCOOH.
B. C2H5COOH.
C. CH3COOH.D. A hoc B hoc C.
m bnh 1 = mH2O = 0,1 mol ; m bnh 2 = mCO2 = 0,1 mol => nCO2 = nH2O => CT X: CnH2nO2 hoc da
vo p n
=> n . nCnH2nO2 =nCO2 = 0,1 mol nCnH2nO2 = 0,1/n
BTNT C
=> M CnH2nO2 = 14n + 32 = 3/(0,1/n) n = 2 => C
p n D ng : i thi khng c p n : v t hoc th hin chn 1 trong 3 p n A,B,C ng
M D v C u ng
Cu 158: Oxi ha 0,125 mol ancol n chc A bng 0,05 mol O 2 (xt, to) c 5,6 gam hn hp X gm axit
cacboxylic ; anehit ; ancol d v nc. A c cng thc phn t l
A. CH4O.
B. C2H6O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C3H8O.
BT KL => mAncol + mO2 = m hn hp m Ancol = 4 g => M ancol = 32 => A
Cu 159: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cung s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X
thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dung ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lit khi H2 ( ktc). t chy hon
ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn
hp X ln lt l
A. HOOCCOOH v 42,86%.
B. HOOCCOOH v 60,00%.
C. HOOCCH2COOH v 70,87%.
D. HOOCCH2COOH v 54,88%.
P vi Na => nX + 2nY = 2nH2 = 0,4 CT : x . nX = 2nH2 vi x l s H linh ng do X n , Y 2 chc
t chy => a.nX + a.nY = nCO2 = 0,6 V X,Y cung s C , gi a l s C ca 2 axit
p n => a =2 hoc a = 3
Xt a = 2 => Axit : CH3COOH v HOOCCOOH => Th vo trn giai h => nX = 0,2 ; nY = 0,1 mol
% mHOOCCOOH = 0,1.90.100% / (0,2.60 + 0,1.90) = 42,86% => A
Vi a = 3 => Loi V giai h => nX = 0
Cu 160: Cht A c ngun gc t thc vt v thng gp trong i sng (cha C, H, O), mch h. Ly cung s
mol ca A cho phan ng ht vi Na2CO3 hay vi Na th thu c s mol CO2 bng 3/4 s mol H2. Cht A l
A. axit malic : HOOCCH(OH)CH2COOH.
B. axit xitric : HOOCCH2C(OH)(COOH)CH2COOH.
C. axit lauric : CH3(CH2)10COOH.
D. axit tactaric : HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH.
Tng qut PT Axit p vi Na2CO3 :
2R(COOH)x + xNa2CO3 => 2R(COONa)x + xCO2 + H2O
AD bi trn : Gi a l s mol Axit . Gi x l s gc COOH trong A , y l s H linh ng trong A
ax / 2 = nCO2 ax = 2nCO2
a.y = 2nH2O
=> nCO2 / nH2O = x / y = 3 / 4 => x = 3 v y = 4 => B phu hp 3 gc COOH v 1 gc OH
Giai thich thm: A p vi Na2CO3 ch th Na gc COOH
A p vi Na => Th ca gc OH => y = x + 1 => A cha 1 gc OH v 3 gc COOH => B phu hp
Cu 161: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phan ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi NaHCO 3
th u sinh ra a mol khi. Cht X l
A. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic.
B. axit aipic.
C. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic.
D. etylen glicol.
- 24 -

Tng qut PT :Axit p vi NaHCO3 : R(COOH)x + xNaHCO3 => R(COONa)x + xCO2 + H2O
=> nCO2 = x . nR(COOH)x x = 1 v nX = nCO2
x . nX = 2nH2 x = 2 v nX = nH2
=> X cha 1 gc COOH v 1 gc OH => C C C C(OH) COOH hidroxi l gc OH
A sai . CH2 C6H4 OH OH gn v tri o => ch c 1 gc OH
B sai . HOOCCOOH => 2 gc COOH
D sai . OH CH2 CH2 OH => cha 2 gc OH
Cu 162: Chia 0,3 mol axit cacobxylic A thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- t chy phn 1 c 19,8 gam CO2.
- Cho phn 2 tc dung hon ton vi 0,2 mol NaOH, thy sau phan ng khng cn NaOH.
V y A c cng thc phn t l
A. C3H6O2.
B. C3H4O2.
C. C3H4O4.
D. C6H8O4.
Phn I => x = nCO2 / nA = 0,45 / 0,15 = 3 v chia 2 phn => n axit mi phn = 0,15 mol
Phn II p vi NaOH m nNaOH > nAxit + khng cn sau p => Axit phai a chc
CT : x = nNaOH / nX vi x cu th l gc COO , COOH hoc gc phenol
Phn II th hin Axit d
Ca 2 d kin => C phu hp v 3 C v 2 chc 4Oxi
Cu 163: Cho 10 gam hn hp X gm HCHO v HCOOH tc dung vi lng (d) dung dch AgNO3/NH3 c
99,36 gam bc. % khi lng HCHO trong hn hp X l
A. 54%.
B. 69%.
C. 64,28%.
D. 46%.
Gi x,y ln lt l s mol HCHO v HCOOH => 30x + 46y = 10 ; 4x + 2y = nAg = 0,92 nAg = 2x. nX vi
x l s gc CHO trong X
Giai h => x , y => %HCHO = 54 % => A
Cu 164: trung ha a mol axit cacboxylic A cn 2a mol NaOH. t chy hon ton a mol A thu c 3a
mol CO2. A c cng thc phn t l
A. C3H4O2.
B. C3H6O2.
C. C6H10O4.
D. C3H4O4.
nNaOH / nA = 2 => A c 2 chc => O4 => Loi A v B
x = nCO2 / nA = 3 => D
Cu 165: t chy hon ton 3,12 gam axit cacboxylic A c 3,96 gam CO 2. Trung ha cng lng axit ny
cn 30 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. A c cng thc phn t l
A. C2H4O2.
B. C4H6O2.
C. C3H4O2.
D. C3H4O4.
Cch 1: Gi n l s C trong A
BTNT C => nA = nCO2 / n = 0,09 /n
=> MA = 3,12 / (0,09/n) = 104n/3 => n l s chia ht cho 3 => n = 3 V khng c n = 6 p n
Do MA nguyn => D vi M = 104
Cch 2: Gi n l s C trong A v m l s nhm COOH
=> nAxit = nCO2 / n = 0,09/n ; nAxit = nNaOH / m = 0,06/m
=> 0,09m = 0,06n 3m = 2n p n => m = 1 hoc = 2
Do n nguyn => m = 2 => n = 3 => D : C3H4O4
Cch 3: Ly 3,12 chia cho p n => D p nht
Cu 166: Hn hp X gm 2 axit no A1 v A2. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol X thu c 11,2 lit CO 2 (kc).
trung ha 0,3 mol X cn 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. CTCT ca 2 axit l
A. HCOOH v C2H5COOH.
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
C. HCOOH v HOOCCOOH.
D. CH3COOH v HOOCCH2COOH.
Gi x,y - a,b n,m ln lt l mol, s nhm COOH , s C ca A1,A2
x + y = 0,3
nNaOH = ax + by = 0,5 => a,b khng th bng 1 => Loi A v B
Cch 1: n = nCO2 / nX = 1,67 n trung bnh => C tha mn
Cch 2:
T p n C,D cn li => a = 1 v b = 2
Ngoi ra nx + my = nCO2 = 0,5 = ax + by (n-a)x + (m b)y = 0
Xt p n C : n = a = 1 ; m = b = 2 tha mn => C ng
D sai v n = 2 > a = 1 ; m = 3 > b =2 => (n-a)x + (m-b)y # 0 => Loi
Cu 167: Trung ha a mol axit hu c A cn 2a mol NaOH. t chy ht a mol A c 2a mol CO2. A l
- 25 -

A. CH3COOH.
B. HOOCCOOH.
C. axit n chc no.
D. axit n chc khng no.
nNaOH / nA = 2 => A cha 2 gc COOH
nCO2 / nA = 2 => A cha 2 C =>B tha mn
Cu 168: Hp cht hu c E mch h c CTPT C3H6O3 c nhiu trong sa chua. E c th tc dung vi Na v
Na2CO3, cn khi tc dung vi CuO nung nng th to ra hp cht hu c khng tham gia phan ng trng gng.
CTCT ca E l
A. CH3COOCH2OH.
B. CH3CH(OH)COOH.
C. HOCH2COOCH3.
D. HOCH2CH2COOH.
Cch 1:Nu nh axit lactic : CH3CH(OH)COOH c nhiu trong sa chua => B - hi ng
Cch 2: Ch c Axit mi p vi Na2CO3 => Loi A v C V u l este
Nung CuO to ra cht khng c p => Gc OH gn vi C bc II D to thnh xeton C bc I to ra andehit c
p trng gng => B
D sai v OH gn vi C bc I
Cu 169: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht X l mui Na ca mt axit hu c thu c 0,15 mol CO 2, hi H2O
v Na2CO3. CTCT ca X l
A. C3H7COONa.
B. CH3COONa.
C. CH3CH2COONa. D. HCOONa.
Tinh mt => Ch to ra 0,15 mol CO2 thui nh
p n => A cha 1 Na => BTNT Na => nX = 2nNa2CO3 nNa2CO3 = 0,05 mol
BTNT C => n . nX = nCO2 + nNa2CO3 0,1 n = 0,15 + 0,05 n = 2 => B Ch c B c 2 C
Cu 170: Hn hp X gm 0,01 mol HCOONa v a mol mui natri ca hai axit no n chc mch h l ng
ng lin tip. t chy hn hp X v cho san phm chy (CO 2, hi nc) ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H 2SO4 c
bnh 2 ng KOH thy khi lng bnh 2 tng nhiu hn bnh mt l 3,51 gam. Phn cht rn Y cn li sau khi
t l Na2CO3 cn nng 2,65 gam. Cng thc phn t ca hai mui natri l
A. C2H5COONa v C3H7COONa.
B. C3H7COONa v C4H9COONa.
C. CH3COONa v C2H5COONa.
D. CH3COONa v C3H7COONa.
m bnh 1 = mH2O ; m bnh 2 = mCO2 => mCO2 mH2O = 3,51 g
nNa2CO3 = 0,025 mol : BTNT Na => nHCOONa + a = 2nNa2CO3 a = 0,04 n hn hp 2 mui
CT tng qut 2 mui : CnH2n+1COONa hay CnH2n-1O2Na Da vo p n hoc dy ng ng HCOONa
=> s pi = 1 => CT : CnH2n+2 2a 1O2Na a l s pi , n trung bnh
BTNT C : nCO2 = nHCOONa + n 2 mui nNa2CO3 = 0,01 + n.a 0,025 = 0,04n 0,015 ;
nH2O = (2n-1).a / 2 =0,02(2n-1)
mCO2 - mH2O = 3,51 44 (0,04n 0,015) 0,36(2n-1) = 3,51 1,04n = 3,81 n = 3,66 => A
Cu 171: Khi lng axit axetic thu c khi ln men 1 lit ancol etylic 8 o l bao nhiu ? Cho d = 0,8 g/ml v
hi u sut phan ng t 92%.
A. 76,8 gam.
B. 90,8 gam.
C. 73,6 gam.
D. 58,88 gam.
ru = V nguyn cht .100 / V hn hp

8
= V C2H5OH . 100 / 1000 VC2H5OH = 80 ml
=> mC2H5OH = V.d = 64 g => nC2H5OH = 1,39 mol => H% p = mPT .100% / m Ban u
n C2H5OH theo PT = 1,28 mol
C2H5OH + O2 => CH3COOH + H2O
1,28
=> 1,28 => mCH3COOH thu c = 76,8 g => A
Cu 172: Thc hin phan ng oxi ha m gam ancol etylic nguyn cht thnh axit axetic (hiu sut phan ng t
25%) thu c hn hp Y, cho Y tc dung vi Na d thu c 5,6 lit H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 18,4 gam.
B. 9,2 gam.
C. 23 gam.
D. 4,6 gam.
Cu 173: Cho s phan ng sau:
+ HCN
+ H3O+, to + H2SO4 , to
xt, to, p
CH3CH=O
A
B
C3H4O2
C
C3H4O2 c tn l
A. axit axetic.
B. axit metacrylic.
C. axit acrylic.
D. anehit acrylic.
CH3CHO + HCN => CH3 - CH(OH) CN P SGK 11 NC 240
CH3(CN)CH(OH) + H3O+ => CH3CH(OH)COOH
CH3CH(OH)COOH => CH2=CHCOOH C3H4O2 - Axit acrylic + H2O Tch H2O xt H2SO4 , t o => C
CH2 = CHCOOH => (-CH2 CH(COOH) )n xt ,to , p
- 26 -

, ete
CO
HCl
Cu 174: Cho s sau : C2H5Br Mg
A 2 B C .
C c cng thc l
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH3CH2COOH. C. CH3CH2OH.
D. CH3CH2CH2COOH.
Tng qut : R-Br (+Mg xc tc ete) ->R-Mg-Br(+CO2)->R-COO-Mg-Br(+HX)->R-COOH
C2H5Br + Mg => CH3 CH2 Mg Br + CO2 => CH3 CH2 COO Mg Br
+ HCl =>CH3CH2- COOH => B
(COOH)2
B
D
C2H5OH
Cu 175: Cho s chuyn ho sau: HCOONa
A
Cc cht A, B, D c th l
A. H2 ; C4H6 ; C2H4(OH)2.
B. H2 ; C2H4 ; C2H4(OH)2.
C. CH4 ; C2H2 ; (CHO)2.
D. C2H6 ; C2H4(OH)2.
PT :
HCOONa + NaOH (CaO, t*)=> H2 + Na2CO3
CnH2n+1CHO + H2 => CnH2n+1CH2OH A l H2 phu hp => Loi C v D
D l C2H4(OH)2 V loi C v D
Mt khc t C2H4 + KMnO4 => C2H4(OH)2
=> B l C2H4 Hp l v t C2H5OH tch H2O
B
Cu 176 : Cho 19,8 gam m t anehit n chc A phan ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d). Lng
Ag sinh ra phan ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long c 6,72 lit NO ktc. A c cng thc phn t l
A. C2H4O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C3H4O.
D. C4H8O.
BT e => nAg = 3nNO = 0,9 mol => nAndehit = nAg / 2 v n chc = 0,45 mol
=> M andehit = 44 => A
Cu 177: Cho 10,90 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic v axit propionic phan ng hon ton vi Na thot ra 1,68
lit khi (ktc). Nu cho hn hp trn tham gia phan ng cng H2 hon ton th khi lng san phm cui cung l
A. 11,1 gam.
B. 7,4 gam.
C. 11,2 gam.
D. 11,0 gam.
Axit acrylic : CH2=CHCOOH ; Axitpropion : CH3 CH2 COOH ; gi x , y ln lt l s mol 2 axit
72x + 74y = 10,9 ; x + y = 2nH2 = 0,15 mol v 2 axit u n chc + p Na => H2
x = 0,1 ; y = 0,05
Ch c axit acrylic + H2 vo ni i CH2=CH => CH3 CH2 COOH
San phm cui cung l CH3CH2COOH = x + y = 0,15 mol
m CH3CH2COOH cui cung = 11,1 g => A
Cu 178: Cho 3,15 gam hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit acrylic, axit propionic va lm mt mu hon
ton dung dch cha 3,2 gam brom. trung han ton 3,15 gam hn hp X cn 90 ml dd NaOH 0,5M. Thnh
phn phn trm khi lng ca axit axetic trong hn hp X l
A. 35,24%.
B. 45,71%.
C. 19,05%.
D. 23,49%.
Axit axetic : CH3COOH ; Axit acrylic : CH2=CHCOOH ; Axit propionic : CH3CH2COOH tng ng s mol
l x , y , z
60x + 72y + 74z = 3,15
ch c CH2=CHCOOH p Br2 cng vo ni i => y = nBr2 = 0,02
nNaOH = x + y + z = 0,045 mol v tt ca axit u n chc
Giai h => x = 0,01 => % CH3COOH = 19,05% => C
Cu 179: Ha tan 26,8 gam hn hp hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h vo nc c dung dch X.
Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 phan ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 21,6
gam bc kim loi. trung ha hon ton phn 2 cn 200,0 ml dung dch NaOH 1,0M. Cng thc ca hai axit
l
A. HCOOH, C3H7COOH.
B. CH3COOH, C2H5COOH.
C. CH3COOH, C3H7COOH.
D. HCOOH, C2H5COOH.
Axit n chc mch h p vi AgNO3 => Duy nht HCOOH => nHCOOH = nAg / 2 = 0,1 mol v cha 1 gc
CHO
Phn 2 => nHCOOH + nAxit 2 = nNaOH = 0,2 mol v 2 axit n chc => n Axit 2 = 0,1 mol
V chia lm 2 phn => m mui phn = 13,4 g = mHCOOH + mAxit 2
13,4 = 0,1.46 + 0,1.Maxit 2 M = 88 => C3H7COOH => A

- 27 -

Cu 180: Cho 13,4 gam hn hp X gm hai axit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong cung dy ng
ng tc dung vi Na d, thu c 17,8 gam mui. Khi lng ca axit c s nguyn t cacbon it hn c trong
X l
A. 3,0 gam.
B. 4,6 gam.
C. 7,4 gam.
D. 6,0 gam.
n Axit = (m mui m axit) /22x vi x l s nhm COOH v n chc => x = 1 Da vo tng giam khi
lng V t RCOOH => RCOONa => M tng = M Na mH = 22
=> nAxit = 0,2 mol => M Axit = 14n + 32 = 13,4 / 0,2 n = 2,5 => nCH3COOH = nC2H5COOH v n = 2,5
=> n 2 axit bng nhau = 0,1 mol => mCH3COOH = 6 g Axit C it hn => D
CHUYN 6 : ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXILIC
1B
11B
21A
31A
41A
51B
61B
71D
81D
91AD
101A
111BB
121A
131B
141C
151A
161C
171A

2C
12B
22C
32D
42D
52B
62DAD
72B
82B
92B
102C
112A
122D
132A
142A
152B
162C
172A

3C
13A
23C
33A
43D
53C
63C
73D
83B
93C
103A
113A
123A
133B
143D
153C
163A
173C

4C
14A
24B
34D
44A
54D
64D
74CB
84D
94B
104C
114A
124A
134B
144B
154A
164D
174B

5D
15A
25C
35C
45C
55B
65D
75D
85D
95AB
105C
115B
125B
135D
145C
155B
165D
175B

6D
16BD
26C
36C
46C
56C
66BA
76C
86D
96C
106D
116C
126B
136D
146A
156B
166C
176A

7A
17D
27A
37C
47C
57A
67B
77C
87A
97C
107A
117B
127D
137B
147B
157C
167B
177A

8D
18A
28C
38D
48D
58A
68D
78B
88A
98C
108D
118A
128C
138B
148A
158A
168B
178C

9C
19C
29A
39D
49A
59BD
69C
79C
89A
99B
109C
119B
129A
139D
149C
159A
169B
179A

p n khng phai ng 100% u nh c th 1 s p n sai

Bn c cho kin v cu . Mnh v mt s ngi s xem li.
Cam n bn gip .
Chc bn thnh cng.

- 28 -

10D
20B
30A
40D
50C
60D
70A
80B
90CC
100D
110B
120A
130A
140A
150C
160B
170A
180D

Do thi gian gp rt v trnh ban thn cn nhiu hn ch, mi cu hi mnh giai

theo phng n ca kin c nhn cho l nhanh v d hiu nht, ng thi c nhng phn
tich v nh gi v cc cu.
Xin lu ngoi nhng phng php giai nh trnh by trn, vn cn c nhng
phng n giai c th sai hoc cha gn => Chinh v th bi vit ch mang tnh cht minh ha,
hng dn, trn c s gip cc bn c ci nhn chuyn su v cc phng php v c th p
dung cho cc bi ton tng t t rn luyn mnh.
Mt khc, kin thc Ha hc rt rng nn cc phng php giai trn c th p dung
nhiu cho cc bi tp tng t do vy bn cn lm vng kin thc giai quyt cc yu cu t
ra ca bi thi.
Bn cnh cc phng php giai s gip hc cch tinh nhm, nhanh, mo v to kinh
nghim i thi cc cng thc mo gip bn hon thnh thi vi kt ta tt.
Hi vng bi vit ny s p ng c s k vng ca cc bn c
Rt mong nhn c cc kin phan hi ca bn, gio vin mnh c th hon thin tt
gio n ny. n c th tr thnh ti liu hc tp cho cc bn . Cng nh chun b hnh
trang bc vo cng trng H C l mt bc m tin ti thnh cng sau ny.
Mi kin phan hi xin gi v a ch : Hieu_100293@yahoo.com
Chc cc bn hc sinh thi tt, chc cc thy c gio dy tt !!
Thn tng bn.
Hiu
Thay i l quy lut sng. Nhng ai ch vit nhn vo qu kh v hin tri chc chn s nh
mt tng lai.
Hu ht mi ngi b cuc khi thnh cng ti rt gn.
H b cuc khi ch cn cch ich mt mt.
H b cuc ngay khi cuc chi ch cn li mt pht, khi d chm c mt tay vo chin thng.
Mi ngi bao ti l ngi cu ton, nhng iu khng chinh xc. Ti ch l ngi lun
tm kim s hon thin. Ti lun lm mt vic g cho ti khi hon thnh xong, ri sau ,
ti li chuyn sang vic khc.
Bn c ban cho i chn mi ln bn mc li khi bc chn tri ln, chn phai s a bn
li ng ng.

- 29 -