III.

Trin khai cc DNS Server:

1. Ci t dch v DNS Server:
- Mc nh tt c cc my tnh chy Windows Server 2003 v Windows XP c dch v
DNS Client ci t v ang chy. Tuy nhin, dch v DNS Server mc nh cha c
ci t. ci t dch v DNS Server trn my tnh chy Windows Server 2003, u
tin bn cn phi thm DNS Server role thng qua trang Manage Your Server hoc vo
Control Panel ci t
- Mi ln bn thm role ny, bng iu khin DNS s xut hin trong Administrative
Tools. Bng iu khin DNS l cng c chnh cu hnh v kim tra cc DNS Server,
zone, domain, v Resource Record
- ci t 1 DNS Server, bn lm theo cc bc sau:
+ B a Windows Server 2003 vo CD-ROM
+ Kim tra li xem bn t a ch tnh cho my tnh cha.
+ Vo Start -> Setting -> Control Panel
+ Double Click vo Add Or Remove Program
+ Trong hp thoi Add Or Remove Program bn click vo Add/Remove Windows
Components
+ i 1 cht hp thoi Add/Remove Windows Components xut hin
+ Bn ko thanh cun xung v Double Click vo Networking Services
+ Hp thoi Networking Services xut hin, bn check vo chn DNS v click Next
ci t
+ Qu trnh ci t hon tt, m bng iu khin DNS bn vo Start -> Programs ->
Administrative Tools v click chn DNS
2. To cc ZONE:
- Cc Zone c to 1 trong 2 loi: Forward Lookup v Reverse Lookup. Trong
Forward Lookup Zones, DNS Server nh x cc FQDN ra cc a ch IP. Trong Reverse
Lookup Zones, DNS Server nh x cc a ch IP ra cc FQDN. Forward Lookup Zones
theo cch s tr li nhng cu truy vn phn gii cc FQDN ra a ch IP v ngc
li i vi Reverse Lookup Zones.
*** CH : Bn c th to 1 Root Server trong 1 khng gian tn DNS bng cch t tn
Zone vi 1 du chm "." .Khi bn thc hin cng vic ny th bn khng th cu hnh
Server y cc cu truy vn sang 1 Name Server khc.
- tao Forward v Reverse Lookup Zones, bn c th s dng chc nng Configure a
DNS Server Wizard. Bn cng c th to 1 cc zone mi bng cch dng bng iu khin
DNS. lm nh vy, bn chut phi ln th mc Forward Lookup Zones hoc Reverse
Lookup Zones v sau chn New Zone ging hnh bn di. Qu trnh ny bt u
New Zone Wizard

3. Cc loi Zone:
- New Zone Wizard cho php bn cu hnh cc Server Role trn mi zone ca n. Nhng
Role bao gm:
+ Primary: Trong loi zone ny, d liu zone cung cp d liu ngun nguyn bn cho tt
c domain trong zone. D liu zone c th c sao lu t zone ny sang 1 Secondary
Zone.
+ Secondary: Loi zone ny l 1 Zone sao lu c thm quyn cho Primary Zone hoc cho
cc Secondary Zone khc.
+ Stub: Server ny ng k t chc 1 Stub zone, Stub Zone l s sao chp 1 zone ch cha
cc Resource Record cn thit xc nh cc DNS Server c thm quyn i vi Master
Zone.
4. Tm hiu cc loi Server:
- Cc loi Server DNS m ch ni cc loi Zone m Server ang ng k t chc hay
trong trng hp Server l Catching-only. Sau y m t 1 s c tnh quan trng ca cc
loi server khc nhau:
+ Primary Servers:
- 1 Primary Server c to khi 1 Primary Zone c thm vo thng qua New Zone
Wizard, Configure A DNS Server Wizard hay cc cng c command-line
- Primary Server cho 1 zone ng vai tr nh 1 v tr trung tm cp nht ca Zone. Vi
Windows Server 2003, bn c th trin khai cc Primary Zone 1 trong 2 cch: bng cc
Standard Primary Zone hay Primary Zone tch hp vi Active Directory
* Standard Primary Zones: i vi Standard Primary Zone, ch 1 server duy nht c th
ng k v ti bn copy chnh ca Zone. Nu bn to 1 zone v gi n nh 1 Standard
Primary Zone, khng c primary server no b sung cho zone c cho php.
M hnh Primary Standard Primary hm n 1 ch hng ring bit. V d, nu Primary
Server cho 1 zone khng c sn trong h thng mng, khng c s thay i zone c
th c to ra. Ch nhng cu truy vn i vi cc tn khng b nh hng v c th
tip din lin tc min l cc Secondary Server ca zone c sn tr li chng.
* Active Directory-Integrated Zones: Khi bn trin khai 1 Active Directory-Integrated
Zone th d liu zone c lu tr v ti to (replicate) trong Active Directory. S dng 1
Active Directory-Integrated Zone lm tng kh nng chu li v mc nh chuyn mi
Domain Controller trong domain chy mt DNS Server thnh 1 Primary Server. cu

hnh 1 Primary Zone nh 1 Active Directory-Integrated Zone th DNS Server nguyn bn

trn zone no c to phi l 1 Active Directory Domain Controller. Qu trnh trin khai
1 Active Directory-Integrated Zone s c bn lun phn sau.
+ Secondary Servers:
- Thit k DNS khuyn co rng c t nht 2 DNS Server c s dng cho Host mi
zone. i vi cc Standard Primary Zone th 1 Secondary Server c yu cu cho
php Zone hin ra cc DNS Server khc trong h thng mng.
- Cc Secondary Server cung cp 1 cch thc d ra cc lung traffic cu truy vn trong
nhng vng ca h thng mng, ni m 1 zone b truy vn v s dng 1 cch nng n.
Ngoi ra, nu 1 Primary Server b cht, th 1 Secondary Server s m nhn vic phn
gii tn cho n khi Primary Server sn sng tr li.
- Cc Server t nhng Secondary Server thu nhn thng tin zone c gi l cc Master.
1 Master c th l Primary Server hay 1 Secondary Server khc. Bn ch r cc Master
Server ca Secondary Server khi Secondary Zone ca Server c to ra thng qua New
Zone Wizard, Configure A DNS Server Wizard hoc cc cng c command-line
+ Stub Servers:
Cc Stub DNS Server ng k t chc cc stub zone: rt ngn nhng bn copy ca 1 zone
m n cha ng 1 danh sch tn cc server c thm quyn i vi master zone ca n. 1
DNS Server ng k t chc 1 stub zone c gng gii quyt cc cu truy vn v cc tn
my tnh trong master zone bng cch truy vn tn cc server lit k. Stub Zone
thng c s dng nht cho php 1 zone cha gi 1 danh sch cp nht tn cc
server sn sng s dng trong 1 zone con.
+Catching-Only Servers:
- Catching-Only Servers khng ng k t chc bt k zone no v khng c thm quyn
vi bt k domain thng dng no. Thng tin m n cha ng b gii hn nhng th
c lu tr khi gii quyt cc cu truy vn.
- Trong vic xc nh khi no s dng loi server ny, ch rng khi n c khi ng
ban u n khng c thng tin lu tr. Thng tin thu c trong thi gian m Client yu
cu c gii quyt. Tuy nhin, nu bn ang tha thun vi 1 lin kt WAN tc chm
gia cc site th la chn ny c th l l tng v mi khi b m c xy dng, lu
lng gia 2 bn lin kt WAN s gim bt. Cc cu truy vn DNS cng c gii quyt
nhanh hn, ci thin hiu sut cc ng dng mng. Ngoi ra, Catching-Only Server
khng thc hin Zone Transfer, Zone Transfer c th cng l mng chuyn su trong mi
trng WAN. Cui cng, 1 Catching-Only DNS Server c th c gi tr ti 1 site ni m
chc nng DNS c cn 1 cch cc b, nhng vic qun tr cc domain v cc zone v
tr ny khng d dng
- Mc nh, dch v DNS Server hot ng nh 1 Catching-Only Server. Do CachingOnly Server yu cu 1 t hay khng cu hnh
- ci t 1 Catching-Only Server, ta hon thnh cc bc sau:
1- Ci t DNS Server Role trn my tnh Server.
2- Khng cu hnh DNS Server ti bt k zone no.
3- Kim tra rng Server Root Hints c cu hnh v cp nht chnh xc.
5. To cc Resource Record:
- Cc zone mi ch cha ng 2 Resource Record l: the start-of-authority (SOA) tng
ng vi zone v name server (NS) tng ng vi DNS Server cc b to ra cho zone.
Sau khi bn to 1 zone, bn phi b sung thm cc Resource Record cho n. Mc d 1 s

Record c th c thm vo 1 cch t ng th nhng ci khc (v d nh MX v

CNAME) cn c thm vo bng tay.
- thm 1 Resource Record cho 1 zone bng tay, bn chut phi ln biu tng zone
trong bng iu khin DNS v t menu c m ra, chn Resource Record thch hp m
bn mun to ra ging nh hnh bn di

- thm 1 Resource Record cho 1 zone, bn lm theo cc bc sau:

1- M bng iu khin DNS
2- Bn Console Tree, chut phi ln zone thch hp v chn Other New Records
Hp thoi Resource Record Type xut hin
3- Trong danh sch Select A Resource Record Type, chn loi Resource Record bn
mun thm vo
4- Click Create Record
5- Trong hp thoi New Resource Record, nhp thng tin cn thit hon thnh
Resource Record
6- Sau khi bn ch r tt c nhng thng tin cn thit cho Resource Record, click OK
thm vo Record mi cho zone
7- Click Done tr li bng iu khin DNS
+ Cc loi Record:
Cc Resource Record ph bin nht bn cn to ra bng tay bao gm:
- Host (A)
- Alias (CNAME)
- Mail exchanger (MX)
- Pointer (PTR)
- Service location (SRV)
* Host (A): Host (A) resource records to nn phn ln cc Resource Record trong 1 c
s d liu zone. Cc record ny c s dng trong 1 zone lin kt cc DNS Domain
Name ca cc my tnh (hay cc host) ra a ch IP ca chng. Chng c th c thm
vo 1 zone bng nhiu cch:
- Bn c th to bng tay 1 resource record A cho 1 my tnh client c a ch tnh bng

cch s dng bng iu khin DNS hay cng c h tr Dnscmd ti command-line

- My tnh chy Windows 2000, Windows XP hay Windows Server 2003 s dng dch v
DHCP Client ng k ng v cp nht cc resource record A ca chnh n trong DNS
khi 1 s cu hnh IP thay i xut hin.
- DHCP cho php cc my tnh client chy cc phin bn h iu hnh c ca Microsoft
c th c cc resource record A ca chng ng k v cp nht bng proxy nu n bao
gm IP thu t 1 DHCP Server iu kin (ch c dch v DHCP cung cp vi
Windows Server 2003 hin thi mi h tr chc nng ny)
Mi khi to ra trong bng iu khin DNS, 1 resource record A s nh x host name
server1.lucernepublishing.com ra a ch IP 172.16.48.1 c m t di dng vn bn
nm trong zone file lucernepublishing.com.dns nh sau:
* Alias (CNAME): cc Alias (CNAME) resource record i khi c gi l canonical
name. Nhng record ny cho php bn dng nhiu hn 1 tn ch ra 1 host ring bit.
V d, cc tn server ni ting (ftp, www) c ng k s dng cc resource record
CNAME . Cc record ny nh x 1 host name ch r 1 dch v nht nh (v d nh
ftp.lucernepublishing.com) ra 1 resource record A hin ti ca 1 my tnh ng k t chc
dch v (v d nh server-boston.lucernepublishing.com)
- Resource Record CNAME c khuyn dng trong cc tnh hung sau:
* Khi 1 host ch r trong 1 resource record A trong cng 1 zone cn c i tn
* Khi 1 tn cng loi i din cho 1 server ni ting v d nh www cn phi chuyn
sang 1 nhm nhng my tnh ring bit (vi mi resource record A ring bit) m n
cung cp dch v ging nhau (v d nh 1 nhm cc Web Server d tha)
- Mt khi to trong bng iu khin DNS th 1 resource record CNAME nh x 1 b
danh ftp.lucernepublishing.com ra name fpt1.lucernepublishing.com v c m t di
dng vn bn trong zone file lucernepublishing.com.dns nh sau:
* Mail exchanger (MX): resource record Mail exchanger (MX) c dng bi cc trnh
ng dng email nh v tr 1 Mail Server bn trong 1 zone. N cho php 1 domain
name v d nh lucernepublishing.com, c ch r trong 1 a ch email v d nh
joe@lucernepublishing.com, c nh x ra 1 resource record A ca 1 my tnh ng k
t chc Mail Server trong domain. Do , loi record ny cho php 1 DNS Server x l 1
a ch email bn trong mail server no
- Thng thng, nhiu MX Record c to ra cung cp 1 kh nng chu li v x l
li cho mail server khc khi m Preferred server c lit k khng c sn. Mi server s
c 1 gi tr u tin, gi tr cng thp th u tin cng cao.
- Mt khi to trong bng iu khin DNS th cc resource record MX s c m t
di dng vn bn trong zone file lucernepublishing.com.dns nh sau

* Pointer (PTR): Resource record Pointer (PTR) ch c s dng trong Reverse Lookup
Zones h tr vic phn gii ngc, phn gii ngc l thc hin cc cu truy vn
phn gii cc a ch IP ra cc host name hay cc FQDN. Phn gii ngc c thc hin
trn cc zone nm su trong domain in-addr.arpa. Resource record PTR c thm vo

zone bng tay v cc phng php t ng ging khi c s dng thm resource
record A
- Mt khi to trong bng iu khin DNS th 1 resource record PTR nh x a ch
IP 172.16.48.1 ra host name server1.lucernepublishing.com s c m t di dng vn
bn trong 1 zone file nh sau:
* Service location (SRV): Resource record Service location (SRV) c s dng ch ra
v tr cc dch v c bit trong 1 domain. Cc trnh ng dng Client l SRV-aware c th
s dng DNS gi ra 1 SRV Resource Record cho 1 ng dng server c ni r
- Windows Server 2003 Active Directory l 1 v d v SRV-aware
application. Dch v Netlogon s dng cc SRV records nh v cc Domain
Controller trong 1 domain bng cch tm dch v Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
(LDAP) trong domain
- Nu 1 my tnh cn nh v 1 domain controller ca tn min lucernepublishing.com,
DNS Client s gi 1 cu truy vn SRV cho tn:
DNS Server sau s tr li cho client tt c record ging vi cu truy vn
6. Xem v xa DNS Server Cache :
Ni dung ca DNS Server Cache ch c th xem trong DNS console. xem ni dung
Cache. Bn m DNS, chn menu View v chn Advanced nh hnh di y

Khi thit lp qua ch View Advanced th 1 folder mi s xut hin bn DNS console
tree l Cache Lookups c hin th nh hnh bn di:

 xa DNS Server cache, bn chut phi ln biu tng DNS Server v chn Clear
Cache nh hnh di. Ngoi ra bn c th restart DNS Server service hay dng ln

dnscmd /clearcache