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TRNG I HC QUY NHN

KHOA K THUT & CNG NGH

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM


c lp T do Hnh phc

NHIM V
THIT K N TT NGHIP
H v tn : Trnh H Dng
H o tao: Chnh Quy
Kha: (2009 2014 );
Ngnh : in t - Vin thng
B mn: in t - Vin thng
Khoa : K thut & Cng ngh
1. Tn ti thit k:
................................................................................................................................................................

2. Cc s liu ban u:
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh v tnh ton:


...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................

4. Cc bn v (ghi r cc loi bn v, kch thc bn v):


...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................

5. Cn b hng dn:
H tn cn b hng dn

Phn hng dn
Ton phn

Ths L Th Cm H

6. Ngy giao nhim v thit k :..........................................................


7. Ngy hon thnh nhim v :.........................................................
Binh inh, ngy thng nm 2014
CN B HNG DN

TRNG B MN

TRNG KHOA
Sinh vin hon thnh
Ngy thng .... nm 2014

Trnh H Dng

MC LC
MC LC..........................................................................................................................i
THUT NG VIT TT................................................................................................iv
LI NI U...................................................................................................................1
CHUNG 1: TNG QUAN V IPTV..........................................................................3
1.1. Khi nim....................................................................................................................3
1.2. Cu trc mng IPTV................................................................................................5
1.2.1. C s ha tng ca mang IPTV..................................................................................5
1.2.1.2 Mang truy cp bng thng rng............................................................................6
1.2.1.3. Thit b khch hng IPTV (IPTVCD)..................................................................6
1.2.1.4. Mang gia nh.......................................................................................................6
1.2.2. Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV...................................................................7
1.2.2.1. Cung cp ni dung................................................................................................7
1.2.2.2 . Phn phi ni dung.............................................................................................8
1.2.2.3 . iu khin IPTV.................................................................................................8
1.2.2.4. Chc nng vn chuyn IPTV................................................................................8
1.2.2.5. Chc nng thu bao.............................................................................................9
1.3. Vn phn phi IPTV............................................................................................9
1.3.1. IP Unicast..............................................................................................................10
1.3.2. IP Broadcast..........................................................................................................12
1.3.3. IP Multicast.........................................................................................................12
1.4. Cc cng ngh cho IPTV..........................................................................................14
1.4.1. Vn s l ni dung............................................................................................14
1.4.2. VoD v Video server.............................................................................................15

ii
1.4.3. Cc h thng h tr hoat ng................................................................................17
1.5. Cc dch v v ng dng ca IPTV.........................................................................19
1.5.1. Truyn hnh qung b k thut s...........................................................................19
1.5.2. Video theo yu cu VoD........................................................................................20
1.5.3. Qung co c a ch..............................................................................................21
CHNG 2: CC K THUT PHN PHI MNG IPTV...................................22
2.1. Cc loi mng truy cp bng rng...........................................................................22
2.2.1. Mang quang th ng...........................................................................................24
2.2.1.1. BPON.................................................................................................................26
2.2.1.2. EPON..................................................................................................................27
2.2.1.3. GPON..................................................................................................................27
2.2.2. Mang quang tch cc..............................................................................................28
2.3. IPTV PHN PHI TRN MNG ADSL............................................................28
2.3.1. ADSL.....................................................................................................................28
2.3.2. ADSL2...................................................................................................................31
2.3.3. VDSL.....................................................................................................................31
2.4.1. Tng quan v k thut HFC...................................................................................34
2.4.2. IPTV phn phi trn mang truyn hnh cp...........................................................36
2.5. IPTV phn phi trn mng internet.......................................................................38
2.5.1. Cc knh truyn hnh Internet streaming...............................................................38
2.5.2. Download Internet..................................................................................................40
2.5.3. Chia s video ngang hng......................................................................................41
2.6. Cc cng ngh cho mng li IPTV...........................................................................41
2.6.1. ATM v SONET/SDH...........................................................................................42
2.6.2. IP v MPLS...........................................................................................................43

iii
2.6.3. Metro Ethernet.......................................................................................................45
CHNG 3: QUN L MNG IPTV........................................................................48
3.1. H thng qun l mng IPTV..................................................................................48
3.1.1. S dng giao thc SNMP qun l mang IPTV.................................................51
3.1.2. Qun l thit b bng trnh duyt web....................................................................55
3.1. Qun l ci t..........................................................................................................56
3.2. Gim st thc thi v kim tra mng.......................................................................58
3.4. Qun l v d phng................................................................................................61
3.5. Qun l khng gian a ch IP..................................................................................62
3.6. X l cc s c IPTV.................................................................................................64
3.7. Qun l quyn ni dung s......................................................................................65
3.8. Qun l cht lng dch v QoS............................................................................67
3.8.1. kh dng ca mang..........................................................................................68
3.8.2 Phn lp dch v.....................................................................................................68
3.8.3. Cc cam kt cp dch v...................................................................................70
CHNG 4: TNH HNH PHT TRIN H THNG IPTV TI VIT NAM.........71
4.1. Tnh hnh pht trin dch v IPTV ton cu............................................................72
4.2. Gii thiu dch v- sn phm IPTV ca VNPT.......................................................75
4.2.1. Gii thiu dch v....................................................................................................75
4.2.2. Sn phm- dch v ca MyTV................................................................................79
4.3. Gii thiu dch v- sn phm IPTV ca FPT..........................................................80
4.4. Gii thiu dch v- sn phm IPTV ca VTC.........................................................83
4.5. Gii thiu dch v- sn phm IPTV ca Viettel.......................................................88
KT LUN...................................................................................................................xvii
TI LIU THAM KHO.............................................................................................xix

iv

THUT NG VIT TT

T vit
tt

Ting Anh

Ting Vit
A

AS

Application Server

My ch ng dng

AVC

Advanced Video Coding

M ho video tin tin

AON

Active Optical Network

Mang quang tch cc

ATM

Asynchronnuos Transfer Mode

Mode truyn dn bt ng b

BER

Bit Error Rate

T s li bit

B-RAS

Broadband Remote Access Server

My ch truy nhp t xa bng


rng

CAS

Conditional Access System

H thng truy cp c iu kin

CATV

Cable Television

Truyn hnh cp

CBR

Constant Bit Rate

Tc bit c nh

CDMA

Code Division Multiple Access

a truy nhp phn chia theo


m

CDN

Content Distribution Network

Mang phn phi ni dung

CDR

Call Detail Recording

Bn ghi chi tit cuc gi

CMPQM

Color Moving Picture Quality

Thng s cht lng nh ng

Metric

c mu

CN

Core Network

Mang li

CPE

Customer Premise Equipment

Thit b pha khch hng

CSCF

Call Session Control Function

Chc nng iu khin phin


cuc gi

CSF

Contrast Sentivity Function

Hm nhay tng phn

CMTS

Cable Modem Termination System

H thng kt cui modem cp

CPU

Central Processing Unit

n v x l trung tm

DF

Delay Factor

H s tr

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration

Giao thc cu hnh ng

Protocol
DRM

Digital Right Management

Qun l bn quyn s

DSL

Digital Subscriber Line

ng dy thu bao s

DSLAM

Digital Subscriber Line Access

B ghp knh truy nhp ng

Multiplexer

dy thu bao s

DVB

Digital Video Broadcasting

Qung b video s

DVD

Digital Video Disc

a video k thut s

DWDM

Dense Wavelength Division

Ghp knh phn chia theo

Multiplexing

Mt bc sng

DVB-C

DVB-Cable

DVB - cp

DVB-H

DVB-Handheld

DVB - cm tay

DVB-S

DVB-Satellite

DVB - v tinh

DVR

Digital Video Recorder

B ghi video s

vi

EPG

Electronic Program Guide

Ch dn chng trnh in t

ETSI

European Telecommunication

Vin chun vin thng chu u

Standard Institute
EVC

Ethernet Virtual Connection

Kt ni o Ethernet

FEC

Forward Error Correction

Chnh li chuyn tip

FTTH

Fiber to the home

Dy dn ti tn nh

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

Giao thc vn chuyn file

FTTC

Fiber To The Curd

Cp quang ti l ng

FTTN

Fiber To The Neighbourhood

Cp quang ti vng ln cn

FTTRO

Fiber To The Regional Office

Cp quang ti tng i khu vc

FTTP

Fiber to the Premise

Dy dn n tn ni

GPRS

General Packet Radio Service

Dch v v tuyn gi tng hp

GOP

Group of Picture

Nhm hnh nh

GIE

Gigabit Ethernet

Giao thc Gigabit Ethernet

HA

High Availability

Kh nng s dng cao

HD

Hight Definition

Cht lng cao

vii

HDTV

High Definition Television

Truyn hnh cht lng cao

HTTP

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Giao thc vn chuyn siu vn


bn

HTTPS

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Giao thc HTTP bo m

Secure
HFC

Hybrid Fiber Coax

Cp si lai

HG

Home Gateway

Cng nh

HLR

Home Location Register

B ng k nh v thng tr

HSS

Home Subscriber Server

My ch thu bao thng tr

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language

Ngn ng nh du siu vn
bn

I-CSCF

Interrogating-CSCF

CSCF Truy vn

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force

Nhm c trch k thut


Internet

IMS

IP Multimedia Subsystem

Phn h a phng tin IP

IP

Internet Protocol

Giao thc internet

IPR

Intellectual Property Rights

Quyn li ti sn tr tu

IPTV

IP Television

TV giao thc internet

ITU-T

International Telecommunications

Lnh vc tiu chun ho vin

Union-Telecommunication

thng quc t

Standardization Sector
IPTVCD

IPTV Cunsumer Device

Thit b khch hng IPTV

IRD

Integrated Receiver Decoder

B gii m u thu tch hp

ISP

Internet Service Provider

Nh cung cp dch v

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

Mang s dch v tch hp

IGMP

Internet Group Management

Giao thc qun l nhm

Protocol

Internet

viii

JVT

Joint Video Team

Nhm video tng hp

LAN

Local Area Network

Mang cc b

LSR

Label Switch Router

Router chuyn mach nhn

LIR

Label Information Base

C s thng tin nhn

Middleware : Cc phn mm chc nng hoc dch v lin kt cc thnh phn c


bit (v d nh server cc ng dng, VoD server v STB) v cc thnh phn ng
dng (v d nh gim st truy cp c iu kin, h thng lp ha n v cc dch
v tng tc)
MDI

Media Delivery Index

Ch s phn phi phng tin

MGCF

Media Gateway Control Function

Chc nng iu khin cng


phng tin

MLR

Media Loss Rate

T l mt phng tin

MMD

Multimedia Domain

Min a phng tin

MEF

Metro Ethernet Forum

Din n Metro Ethernet

MIB

Management Information Base

C s thng tin qun l

MOS

Mean Opinion Score

im kin trung bnh

MPEG

Moving Picture Experts Group

Hi phim nh th gii

MPTS

Multi Programme Transport Stream

Lung vn chuyn a chng

ix

trnh
MPQM

Moving Pictures Quality Metric

Thng s cht lng nh ng

MRFC

Multimedia Rource Funtion Control

B iu khin ti nguyn a
phng tin

MPLS

Multi-Protocol Label Switching

Chuyn mach nhn a giao

MSE

Mean Squared Error

Li trung bnh bnh phng

NGN

Next Generation Network

Mang th h k tip

NMS

Network Management System

H thng qun l mang

NTSC

NationalTelevision System

y ban h thng truyn hnh

Committee
P

PAT

Program Association Table

Bng lin kt chng trnh

PCR

Program Clock Reference

Tham chiu ng h chng


trnh

PID

Packet Identification

Nhn dang gi

PMT

Program Map Table

Bng nh xa chng trnh

PON

Passive Optical Network

Mang quang th ng

PSTN

Public Switched Telephone

Mang in thoai chuyn

Network

mach cng cng

Plain Old Telephone Service

Dch v in thoai truyn

POTS

thng n gin
PC

Personal Computer

My tnh c nhn

PPV

Pay-per-view

Tr tin theo lt xem

PS

Packet Switch

Chuyn mach gi

PSI

Program Specific Information

Thng tin ring phn chng


trnh

PSNR

Peak Signal To Noise Ratio

T s tn hiu nh trn nhiu

PSTN

Public Switched Telephone

Mang in thoai chuyn mach

Network

cng cng

Personal Video Recoder

My ghi hnh c nhn

PVR

QoS

Quality of Service

Cht lng dch v

QoE

Quality of Experience

Cht lng tri nghim

QAM

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

iu ch bin cu phng

RTP

Real time Transport Protocol

Giao thc truyn ti thi gian


thc

RTSP

Real Time Streaming Protocol

Giao thc phn lung thi gian


thc

RF

Radio Frequency

Tn s v tuyn

Streaming : Phng thc phn phi video hoc ni dung khc trn mang
trong cc lung ni tip nhau theo mt t l ph hp vi tc d liu c s

xi

dng bi thit b hin th


SCTP

Stream Control Transmission

Giao thc truyn ti iu khin

Protocol

lung

SDI

Serial Digital Interface

Giao din dang s chui

SHE

Super Head End

B u cui

SD

Standard Definition

nh dang cht lng chun

SDH

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

Ghp knh cp s ng b

SMIL

Synchronized Multimedia

Ngn ng tch hp a phng


tin ng b ha

Integrated Language
SNMP

Simple Network Management

Giao thc qun l mang n

Protocol

gin

SLA

Service Level Agreement

Tho thun mc dch v

SONET

Synchronous Optical Networking

Mang quang ng b

SPTS

Single Program Transport Stream

Lung vn ti chng trnh


n

STB

Set Top Box

Hp t trn nc (TV)

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol

Giao thc iu khin truyn


dn

TDM

Time Division Multiplex

Ghp knh phn chia theo thi


gian

TDMA

Time Division Multiple Access

a truy nhp phn chia theo


thi gian

TS

(MPEG) Transport Stream

Lung vn ti

TTL

Time to Live

Thi gian sng

xii

UA

User Agent

B phn ngi dng

UE

User Equipment

Thit b ngi dng

URL

Universal Resource Locator

B xc nh a ch ti nguyn
ton cu

UDP

User Datagram Protocol

Giao thc chng trnh ngi


dng

VCR

Video Casette Recording

Ghi lai bng video

VoD

Video on Demand

Video theo yu cu

VoIP

Voice over IP

Thoai qua IP

VLAN

Virtual Local Area Network

Mang LAN o

VPN

Virtual Private Network

Mang ring o

VQM

Video Quality Metric

Thng s cht lng video

WAN

Wide Area Network

Mang din rng

WLAN

Wireless LAN

Mang LAN khng dy

WDM

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Ghp knh phn chia theo


bc sng

WM

Windows Media

Phng tin Windows

xv

DANH MC BNG
Bng 2.1. So snh cc cng ngh mng PON: BPON, EPON v EPON...................27
Bng 2.2: So snh cc cng ngh DSL.............................................................................33
Bng 2.3 Cc chun OC SONET..................................................................................43
Bng 2.4 nh dng MPLS header...................................................................................45

DANH MC HNH
Hnh 1.1 M hnh h thng IPTV end-to-end................................................................5
Hnh 1.2 Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV............................................................7
Hnh 1.3 Cc thnh phn ca cu trc chc nng.........................................................9
Hnh 1.4 Cc kt ni Unicast cho nhiu user IPTV.....................................................11
Hnh 1.5 Cc kt ni c s dng trong k thut Multicast...........................13
Hnh 1.6 Cu trc h thng VoD.......................................................................................16
Hnh 1.7 M hnh trin khai server...................................................................................17
Hnh 2.1 Mng IPTV FTTH s dng cng ngh PON................................................25
Hnh 2.2. IPTV trn mng ADSL...................................................................................30
Hnh 2.3. Mng HFC end-to-end....................................................................................36
Hnh 2.4 M hnh trin khai cu trc mng IPTV cp quang kt hp IP v RF............37
Hnh 2.5 Cu trc mng cc knh truyn hnh Internet.........................................................39
Hnh 2.6 H tng mng li IPTV..................................................................................... 42
Hnh 2.7 Topology mng li MPLS.................................................................................... 46
Hnh 2.8. S dng cc ECV kt ni IPTV qua li mng.....................................................47
Hnh 3.1. H thng SNMP n gin................................................................................. 53
Hnh 3.2 Lin kt h thng qun l mng IPTV................................................................ 55
Hnh 3.3 Cu trc qun l da trn trnh duyt web............................................................ 56
Hnh 3.4 Thit k mng h tr d phng.............................................................................62

xvi
Hnh 3.5: M hnh khi h thng DRMn gin............................................................67
Hnh 3.6: Qun l cht lng dch v QoS..................................................................... 68
Hnh 3.7 V d s dng ba hng i c quyn u tin....................................................71
Hnh 4.4. Dch v- sn phm MyTv................................................................................77
Hnh 4.5. Dch v truyn hnh trn internet....................................................................77
Hnh 4.6. Dch v theo yu cu........................................................................................78
Hnh 4.7. Dch v tng tc v gi tr gia tng................................................................79
Hnh 4.1. Top 10 quc gia c doanh thu truyn hnh k thut s hng u vo nm
2017................................................................................................................................. 74
Hnh 4.2. D bo IPTV ton cu.....................................................................................75
Hnh 4.3. Nhm 5 quc gia dn u v s thu bao chi tr cho IPTV.............................75
Hnh 4.8. B gii m STB ca MyTv.............................................................................. 80
Hnh 4.9. Dch v truyn hnh OneTV............................................................................82
Hnh 4.10. Phim trn knh HBO.....................................................................................82
Hnh 4.11. Mc phim truyn trn Onetv.........................................................................83
Hnh 4.12. Dch v ca nhc trn Onetv........................................................................... 84
Hnh 4.13. Hp gii tr a phng tin ZTV ca VTC................................................... 85
Hnh 4.14. Xem theo yu cu trn ZTV.......................................................................... 87
Hnh 4.15. Dch v gii tr trc tuyn..............................................................................89
Hnh 4.16. Sn phm- dch v NetTV ca Viettel........................................................... 90
Hnh 4.17. Chc nng xem 2 knh truyn hnh mt lc ca NetTV...............................91
Hnh 4.18. Xem video, phim theo yu cu trn NetTV................................................... 91

LI NI U
Ngy nay, chng ta ang sng trong k nguyn ca truyn thng a phng
tin,nhiu dch v, cng ngh hi t s c cung cp n ngi
dng,trong khng th khng nhc n cng ngh IPTV.
IPTV l dch v truyn ti hnh nh k thut s ti ngi s dng da trn
giao thc IP trn mang Internet kt ni bng thng rng,hin ang pht
trin manh m v tin ti v tr ch cht trong cng nghip truyn hnh thu
ph v cng l dch v thu ht c s ch ca rt nhiu cc cng ty
Vin thng trn th gii.IPTV ang l cp cao nht v l cng ngh
truyn hnh thnh hnh ca tng lai. Khc vi cc cng ngh ca truyn
hnh truyn thng ch c kh nng cung cp thng tin nh tuyn mt chiu
th IPTV lai c kh nng tao ra tnh tng tc hai chiu gia khch hng
vi dch v,tao nn s hp dn v u th vt tri.IPTV l mt h thng
nhiu tin ch,chng ta c th nhn cng lc c cc tn hiu truyn hnh v
Video song song vi cc dch v a phng tin khc trn cng mt kt ni
Internet. C th, IPTV s dng mt kt ni bng thng rng v mt h
thng mang phn phi cc chng trnh truyn hnh s dng giao thc IP.
Trn th gii IPTV c trin khai manh m v thu c li nhun rt
ln.Tai Vit nam,IPTV tr ln kh gn gi i vi nhng ngi s dng
Internet. IPTV c cng ty FPT tin phong cung cp dch v u tin vo
thng 3/2006,n thng 5/2009 th VNPT bt u cung cp IPTV. Ngy
nay, c thm nhiu cng ty khc nh SPT,VTC a IPTV,
VoD.ra th trng. Nh vy, c th thy th trng IPTV tai Vit nam
mi ch giai oat u cho nn tim nng v xu hng pht trin l rt ln.
Mong mun tm hiu nhng cng ngh mi ngy cng ng dng rng ri
trong i sng,sau mt thi gian tm hiu cng vi s hng dn tn tnh

ca c L Th Cm H, em c gng hon thnh n tt nghip vi


ti Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV. Ni dung ca n c trnh by
thnh 4 chng nh sau:
Chng I : Tng quan v IPTV
Chng II : Cc k thut phn phi trong mang IPTV
Chng III: Qun l mang IPTV
Chng IV: Tnh hnh pht trin h thng IPTV tai Vit Nam.
Do IPTV vn l mt cng ngh mi v kh nng kin thc cn han ch
nn qu trnh thc hin n khng trnh khi nhng thiu st,mong cc
thy c gio cng cc ban thng cm,cng ng gp kin nhn xt b ch
bn n ca em c hon thin hn.
Cui cng em xin gi li cm n su sc ti cc thy c gio tn tnh
day d em trong sut thi gian hc tp v lm n tt nghip,tao iu
kin tt em c th hon thnh n ca mnh.c bit,em xin chn
thnh cm n c gio ThS L Th Cm H tn tnh hng dn v gip
em trong qu trnh lm n tt nghip.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!

Bnh nh, ngythng nm 2014


Sinh vin

Trnh H Dng

CHUNG 1: TNG QUAN V IPTV

Truyn hnh da trn giao thc Internet IPTV (Internet Protocol


based Television) - l mt c ch truyn ti lung ni dung truyn
hnh da trn nn tng l mt mang s dng giao thc IP. Li ch ca c
ch ny l kh nng phn phi nhiu loai tn hiu truyn hnh khc nhau,
tng cc tnh nng tng tc v ci tin tng tc v ci tin tng
thch vi mang cc thu bao ang tn tai.
S pht trin nhanh chng ca mang Internet bng rng lm thay i
c v ni dung v k thut truyn hnh. S vt tri trong k thut truyn
hnh ca IPTV l tnh nng tng tc gia h thng vi ngi xem,
cho php ngi xem ch ng v thi gian v kh nng trin khai dch
v gi tr gia tng tin ch khc trn h thng nhm p ng nhu cu
ca ngi s dng. y l xu hng hi t ca mang vin thng th gii.
1.1. Khi nim
IPTV truyn hnh s dng giao thc IP l mt h thng cc
dch v truyn hnh s cung cp ti cc thu bao s dng giao thc IP trn
kt ni bng rng. IPTV thng c cung cp cng vi dch v VoD v
cng c th cung cp cung vi cc dch v Internet khc nh truy cp Web
v VoIP.
Khi mi bt u IPTV c gi l truyn hnh giao thc Internet hay
Telco TV hoc Truyn hnh bng rng. Thc cht tt c cc tn u c
s dng ni n vic phn phi truyn hnh bng rng cht lng
cao hoc ni dung m thanh v hnh nh theo yu cu trn mt mang bng
rng. IPTV l mt nh ngha chung cho vic p dng phn phi cc
knh truyn hnh truyn thng, phim truyn, v ni dung video theo yu

cu trn mt mang ring. Theo t chc Lin Hip Vin Thng Quc T
ITU thi IPTV l dich v a phng tin bao gm truyn hinh, video,
audio, vn bn, ha v d liu qua mt mng IP v c qun l
cung cp mc yu cu ca cht lng dich v v s tri nghim, tnh
bo mt, tnh tng tc v tin cy.
IPTV c mt s im c trng sau:
H tr truyn hnh tng tc: Kh nng ca h thng IPTV n
cho php cc nh cung cp dch v phn phi y cc ng dng ca
truyn hnh tng tc. Cc dang dch v IPTV c th c phn phi bao
gm chun truyn hnh trc tip, truyn hnh hnh nh cht lng cao
HDTV (High Definition Television), cc tr chi tng tc v truy cp
Internet tc cao.
Dch thi gian: IPTV kt hp vi mt b ghi hnh video s cho
php dch chuyn thi gian xem ni dung chng trnh, y l mt k
thut ghi hnh v lu tr ni dung c th xem lai sau.
Tnh c nhn: Mt h thng IPTV t kt cui n kt
cui(end-to- end) h tr thng tin c tnh hai chiu v cho php cc user
xem cc chng trnh theo s thch, thi quenHay c th hn l cho cc
user xem ci g h mun vo bt k lc no.
Yu cu bng thng thp: thay th cho vic phn phi mi
knh cho mi user, cng ngh IPTV cho php cc nh cung cp dch v
ch phn phi cc knh m user yu cu. y l im hp dn cho php
cc nh khai thc mang bo ton c bng thng ca h.
Nhiu thit b c th s dng c: Vic xem ni dung IPTV
khng gii han vic dng Tivi. Khch
hinh 1

hng c th s dng PC ca h v cc thit b di ng truy

cp cc dch v IPTV.
Nhng nhc im ch mang ca IPTV chnh l kh nng mt
d liu rt cao v s chm tr truyn tn hiu. Nu nh ng kt ni
mang ca ngi dng khng tht s tt cng nh khng bng thng cn
thit th khi xem chng trnh s rt d b git hay vic chuyn knh c th
tn kh nhiu thi gian ti v. Thm vo na nu my ch ca nh
cung cp dch v khng manh th khi s lng ngi xem truy cp
vo olng lm cho cht lng dch v gim st. Tuy nhin cng ngh
mang Internet cng ngy cng pht trin manh m y bng thng kt ni
ln cao hn gp phn gip IPTV khc phc nhc im ni trn v bin
thnh cng ngh truyn hnh ca tng lai.
1.2. Cu trc mng IPTV
1.2.1. C s h tng ca mng IPTV

Hnh 1.1 M hnh h thng IPTV end-to-end

1.2.1.1.Trung tm d liu IPTV


Trung tm d liu IPTV nhn ni dung t nhiu ngun khc nhau, bao
gm truyn hnh a phng, cc nh tp hp ni dung, nh sn xut

ni dung, qua ng cp, tram s mt t hay v tinh. Ngay khi nhn


c ni dung, mt s cc thnh phn phn cng khc nhau t thit b m
ha v cc my ch video ti b nh tuyn IP v thit b bo mt ginh
ring c s dng chun b ni dung video cho vic phn phi qua
mang da trn IP. Ngoi ra, h thng qun l thu bao c yu cu qun
l h s v ph thu bao ca nhn ngi s dng.
1.2.1.2 Mng truy cp bng thng rng
Vic truy cp cc dch v IPTV yu cu kt ni im-im(one-toone).Vic trin khai IPTV trn din rng th s lng kt ni one-to-one
s tng ln. Do , yu cu v bng thng trn mang l kh ln. Nhng tin
b v cng ngh mang cho php cc nh cung cp vin thng p ng c
mt s lng ln v rng bng thng ca mang. Ring mang truyn
hnh cp th s dng hn hp c cp ng trc v cp quang a ng cho
vic truyn ti ni dung IPTV.
1.2.1.3. Thit b khch hng IPTV (IPTVCD)
IPTVCD( IPTV Consumer Device) l cc thnh phn quan trng
cho php ngi s dng c th truy cp dch v IPTV. IPTVCD kt ni ti
mang bng rng, chng m nhim chc nng gii m, x l cc lung
tn hiu ti da trn gi IP. IPTVCD c h tr cc k thut tin tin
ti thiu ha hoc loai tr hon ton nh hng ca cc vn v mang
khi x l ni dung IPTV. Cc loai IPTVCD ph bin nht l RG, IP settop-box. Trong RG l modem ADSL v modem cp trn mang truyn
hnh cp hai chiu HFC.
1.2.1.4. Mng gia inh
Mang gia nh lin kt cc thit b k thut s bn trong mt khu
vc c din tch nh. N ci thin thng tin v cho php chia s ti nguyn

gia cc thnh vin trong gia nh. Mc ch ca mang gia nh l cung


cp quyn truy cp thng tin nh l ting ni, m thanh, d liu, gii tr,
gia cc thit b k thut s xung quanh nh. Vi mang gia nh, khch
hng c th tit kim tin v thi gian do vic chia s cc thit b phn
cng rt tt v d dng, thng qua cc kt ni Internet bng rng.
1.2.2. Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV
Mt mang IPTV c th bao gm nhiu thnh phn c bn, n cung
cp mt cu trc chc nng cho php phn bit v chuyn mn ho cc
nhim v

Hnh 1.2 Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV


1.2.2.1. Cung cp ni dung
Tt c ni dung c s dng bi dch v IPTV, bao gm VoD v
ruyn hnh qung b s phi thng qua chc nng cung cp ni dung,
cc chc nng tip nhn, chuyn m v m ha s tao nn cc lung
video s c kh nng c phn phi qua mang IP.

1.2.2.2 . Phn phi ni dung


Khi phn phi ni dung bao gm cc chc nng chu trch nhim
v vic phn phi ni dung c m ho ti thu bao. Thng tin
nhn t cc chc nng vn truyn v iu khin IPTV s gip phn
phi ni dung ti thu bao mt cch chnh xc. Chc nng phn phi ni
dung s bao gm c vic lu tr cc bn copy ca ni dung tin hnh
nhanh vic phn phi, cc lu tr tam thi (cache) cho VoD v cc bn ghi
video c nhn. Khi chc nng thu bao lin lac vi chc nng iu khin
IPTV yu cu ni dung c bit, th n s gi ti chc nng phn phi
ni dung c c quyn truy cp ni dung.
1.2.2.3 . iu khin IPTV
Cc chc nng iu khin IPTV l tri tim ca dch v. Chng
chu trch nhim v vic lin kt tt c cc chc nng khc v m bo
dch v hoat ng cp thch hp tho mn nhu cu ca khch hng.
Chc nng iu khin IPTV nhn yu cu t thu bao, lin lac vi chc
nng phn phi v vn chuyn ni dung m bo ni dung c phn
phi ti thu bao. Mt chc nng khc ca iu khin IPTV l cung cp
hng dn chng trnh in t EPG (Electronic Program Guide), EPG
c thu bao s dng chn ni dung theo nhu cu. Chc nng iu
khin IPTV cng s chu trch nhim v qun l quyn ni dung s DRM
(Digital Rights Management) c yu cu bi thu bao c th truy cp
ni dung.
1.2.2.4. Chc nng vn chuyn IPTV
Sau khi ni dung yu cu t thu bao c chp nhn, chc
nng vn chuyn IPTV s chu trch nhim truyn ti ni dung ti thu
bao, v cng thc hin truyn ngc lai cc tng tc t thu bao ti chc
nng iu khin IPTV.

1.2.2.5. Chc nng thu bao


Chc nng thu bao bao gm nhiu thnh phn v nhiu hoat ng
khc nhau, tt c u c s dng bi thu bao truy cp ni dung
IPTV. Mt s thnh phn chu trch nhim lin lac thng tin vi chc nng
truyn dn, v d nh truy cp getway kt ni vi b ghp knh truy cp
ng dy thu bao s DSLAM, hay trnh STB (b gii m) s dng trnh
duyt web kt ni vi Middleware server. Trong chc nng ny, STB
lu tr mt s cc thnh phn quan trng nh cc key DRM v thng tin
xc thc user. Khi chc nng thu bao s s dng EPG cho php khch
hng la chn hp ng truy cp v y cu n t cc chc nng iu
khin IPTV. N cng nhn cc giy php s v cc key DRM truy cp
ni dung.

Hnh 1.3 Cc thnh phn ca cu trc chc nng

1.3. Vn phn phi IPTV


Cc kiu lu lng mang IP thi gian thc khc nhau c tao ra bi
cc loai dch v trn nn IP khc nhau nh VoIP v truy cp Internet tc

10

cao. Vi mi loai dch v c nhng c im ring v ni dung, v th cn


phi c nhng phng thc phn phi thch hp. Hin nay c ba phng
thc dng phn phi ni dung IPTV qua mang IP l unicast, broadcast v
multicast.
IP Unicast: c s dng truyn d liu (hay mt gi d liu) t
mt my pht (sender) n mt my thu n gin.
IP Broadcast: c s dng gi d liu t mt my pht (sender)
n ton b mt mang con Subnetwork gm nhiu my thu.
IP Multicast: c s dng cung cp d liu t mt my pht
n mt nhm cc my thu c ci t theo mt cu hnh thng nht,
cc thnh vin ca mt nhm ny c th thuc cc mang phn tn khc
nhau.
Tuy nhin, i vi vn truyn dn video trong mi trng mang, do
yu cu phi phn phi d liu t mt im n nhiu im, trong dng
d liu cn c truyn i t mt my pht sender n nhiu my thu c
nhu cu xem ng thi, nhng lai khng c php i n ton b cc my
c kt ni trong cng mt mang con subnetwork ( gim lu lng lu
thng trn mang), nn gii php IP Boradcast thng t c s dng trong
thc t. Cc ng dng truyn dn truyn hnh trn mang hin nay thng
s dng phng php IP Unicast v IP Multicast, trong IP Multicast l
gii php hin ang c ng dng kh ph bin hin nay.
1.3.1. IP Unicast
Mt s ng dng truyn thng cc chng trnh truyn hnh trn
mang giai oan u s dng phng php truyn d liu IP
Unicast. Trong truyn unicast, mi lung video IPTV u c gi ti mt
IPTVCD. V th, nu c nhiu hn mt user IPTV mun nhn knh video

11

tng t th IPTVCD s cn ti mt lung unicast ring r. Mt trong cc


lung s truyn ti cc im ch qua mang IP tc cao. Nguyn tc
thc thi ca unicast trn mang IP l da trn vic phn phi mt lung
ni dung c nh hng ti mi user u cui. T gc ca k thut
ny, th vic cu hnh thc thi kh d dng. Nhng cc ng dng ny
mang nhiu han ch v hin nay t c ng dng v nhiu l do sau:
Bng thng ca mang b lng ph.
Dch v rt kh m rng khi s lng my thu tng ln.
Khng th s dng trong cc dch v b gii han thi gian, do s
cung cp n mi my thu phi theo trnh t xp hng.

Hnh 1.4 Cc kt ni Unicast cho nhiu user IPTV

12

Nh trn hnh 1.4, khi nhiu user IPTV truy cp cng mt knh IPTV tai
cng mt thi im, th mt s cc kt ni nh hng c thit lp qua
mang.Trong v d ny, server cn cung cp kt ni ti mi thu bao c
yu cu truy cp Knh10,vi tng s l nm lung ring r bt u t
server ni dung v kt thc tai router ch.
1.3.2. IP Broadcast
Cc mang IP cng h tr chc nng truyn broadcast, v mt no
ging nh knh IPTV c a ti mi thit b truy cp c kt ni
vo mang bng rng. Khi mt server c cu hnh truyn broadcast,
mt knh IPTV gi ti tt c cc thit b IPTVCD c kt ni vo mang
bt chp thu bao c yu cu knh hay khng. y s l vn chnh do
cc ti nguyn IPTVCD bt buc phi hoat ng x l cc gi tin khng
mong mun. Mt vn khc m broadcast khng ph hp cho cc
ng dng IPTV l trong thc t k thut truyn thng tin ny khng h tr
vic nh tuyn. T lu, hu ht cc mang m rng vic s dng
cc router, nhng nu truyn broadcast th khng s dng nh
tuyn. y l l do lm mang v cc thit b IPTVCD khc b trn
ngp khi tt c cc knh c gi ti tt c mi ngi.
1.3.3. IP Multicast
Trong pham vi trin khai IPTV, mi nhm multicast

truyn broadcast cc knh truyn hnh v thnh vin ca nhm


tng ng vi cc thit b IPTVCD. V th, mi knh IPTV ch
c a ti IP STP mun xem knh . y l cch han ch c
lng tiu th bng thng tng i thp v gim gnh nng x l
trn server. Hnh 1.5 m t hoat ng ca vic s dng k thut
multicast trong v d phn phi cho nm thu bao truy cp knh 10
IPTV cng mt lc.

13

Hnh 1.5 Cc kt ni c s dng trong k thut Multicast

Nh hnh 1.5 ch bn copy n (single) c gi t server ni dung ti


router phn phi. Router ny s tao ra hai bn copy ca lung thng tin ti
v gi chng ti cc router t tai cc tng i khu vc theo cc kt ni IP
nh hng. Sau , mi router s tao ra cc bn copy khc cung cp
cho cc thu bao mun xem. Vai tr quan trng ca phng thc ny l
lm gim s kt ni IP v dung lng d liu i ngang qua mang. y
l phng thc thng c cc nh cung cp dch v s dng pht
qung b cc chng trnh trc tip v l mt k thut c hiu sut cao
cho ha tng mang IP ang tn tai. Phng thc ny khng c li trong
tuyn hng ln (upstream) lung thng tin gia cc thit b IPTVCD
v broadcast server. Cn ch rng, vic pht multicast ni dung IPTV
thng phc tap hn nhiu nu so snh vi m hnh thng tin unicast v
broadcast.
So snh cc phng thc phn phi IPTV

14

IP Unicast: Nh trnh by trn, do cc nhc im lng ph


bng thng, kh m rng dch v khi con s khch hng tng ln, nht l
trong cc dch v b gii han v thi gian (nh truyn hnh online),
nn IP Unicast khng tht s thch hp cho dch v truyn hnh trn mi
trng mang.
IP Multicast: So IP Unicast, truyn thng IP Multicast cho php phn phi
d liu t mt im n nhiu im vi hiu qu bng thng cao hn rt
nhiu, nhng vn tn tai mt s vn nh:
Cc b nh tuyn trung gian (Router) cn phi c kh nng multicast.
Yu cu cao v tnh nng thit b v nng lc qun tr mang.
Vn tin cy v kh nng kim sot li truyn d liu.Cc yu
cu lin quan n cc my thu: Cn c Card mang v phn mm
h tr IP Multicast.
Nhn chung, i vi cc dch v truyn hnh trc tuyn trn mi trng
mang c nhu cu m rng khng ln lm, IP Multicast vn l phng thc
truyn thng ph bin hin nay.
IP broadcast: Trong thc t k thut truyn thng tin ny khng h tr
vic
nh tuyn v th m broadcast khng ph hp cho cc ng dng IPTV.
1.4. Cc cng ngh cho IPTV
1.4.1. Vn s l ni dung
Cc h thng x l ni dung tip nhn cc tn hiu video thi
gian thc t rt nhiu ngun khc nhau, hnh thc ca chng l mt nh
dang thch hp STB c th gii m v hin th trn mn hnh. Tin trnh
ny bao gm cc chc nng sau:

15

Nn: Cc ngun video tng t, qu trnh nn s c thc thi trn


mi tn hiu video trc khi n c pht ln h thng IPTV. Tc cao
nht ca d liu video v di ca gi tin c thc hin sao cho ph hp
vi tt c cc ngun video u vo, v n gin ha cng vic truyn
dn v cc chc nng ghp knh.
Chuyn m: Cc lung video tng t c nh dang s, i
khi n cn c chuyn i sang thuc tnh MPEG hoc cp lung
ti thch hp vi cc b STB. Chuyn m ni dung nh dang HD
cung cp cc chun chuyn m gc l MPEG-2 thnh H.264 c
c bng thng thp hn cho cc mang DSL.
Chuyn i tc : Bn cht ca vic chuyn i tc l tin trnh
chuyn i tc bit ca lung video s ti. V d nh lung chun SD l
4,5 Mbps c th cn phi gim xung 2,5 Mbps s dng trong h thng
IPTV.
Nhn dng chng trnh: Mi lung video cn c ghi mt nhn
duy nht trong h thng IPTV, do cc thit b ghp knh v cc b STB
c th xc nh chnh xc cc lung video. Mi chng trnh audio hay
video bn trong mi lung truyn dn MPEG phi c x l m bo
khng c s trng ln chng trnh.
Vic x l ni dung c th c thc thi trn mt lung video trc tip
hoc c lu tr bn trong video server.
1.4.2. VoD v Video server
VoD (video on demand) truyn hnh theo yu cu l cch thc
ngi xem cc chng trnh truyn hnh theo s la chn ca khn gi.Cu
trc ca h thng VoD s dng cng ngh video-over-IP trn hnh 1.6
bao gm 4 thnh phn chnh. u tin, ni dung phi c x l cho vic

16

lu tr v phn phi bng qu trnh nn v mt m tai tram tin x l


ni dung. Mt VoD server lu tr ni dung v tao lung gi ti thu bao.
Mi thu bao s c mt b STB nhn v gii m ni dung, sau a
ln mn hnh hin th. B STB cng cung cp cho thu bao mt danh
sch cc dch v t thnh phn qun l thu bao v h thng truy cp c
iu kin. y l mt h thng con nhn cc lnh t thu bao, gi nhng
lnh thch hp ti VoD server v phn phi cc key gii m cho cc b
STB.

Hnh 1.6 Cu trc h thng VoD

Cc video server l yu t cn thit cho mi h thng VoD, do


chng tao ra cc lung video trong thc t v gi chng ti mi thu bao.
Cc server c dung lng b nh ln nh khc nhau ty thuc vo cc ng
dng khc nhau. Trong phn ny ch cp n mt s kha canh ca cc
server v cch thc chng c s dng cho vic phn phi ni dung.
Dung lng lu tr ni dung c h tr trn mt server c th ln hoc
nh.
Cc nh cung cp s dng hai phng thc phn phi server trong

17

mang ca h, nh trn hnh 1.7. u tin l phng thc tp trung ha,


cc server ln,dung lng cao c xy dng tai nhng v tr trung tm,
chng phn phi ni dung cho thu bao thng qua cc lin kt tc
cao kt ni ti mi nh cung cp dch v ni hat. Phng thc th hai l
phn phi ha server, cc server nh hn c t tai cc v tr gn
thu bao v server ch cung cp cho cc thu bao trong vng .Trung tm
Library server s download cc bn copy ni dung cung cp cho cc Hub
server phn phi c yu cu. Trong phng thc tp trung ha th gim
c s lng server cn phi xy dng, gim gi thnh trong vic truyn
dn v lu tr ni dung tai cc v tr khc nhau. Cn trong phng thc
phn phi ha th gim c s lng bng thng cn thit gia cc v
tr. C hai phng thc u c s dng trong thc t, dung lng ca
VoD server ph thuc vo cu trc h thng v s thch ca ngi xem.

Hnh 1.7 M hnh trin khai server

1.4.3. Cc h thng h tr hot ng


Vic phn phi cc dch v video ti khch hng yu cu nhiu thit
b phn cng c tin cy cao. Mt phn mm ln cng c yu cu
qun l s lng cng vic khng l , t vic thng bo cho khch hng

18

v cc chng trnh trn cc knh broadcast khc nhau cho ti d liu cn


thit cho vic lp ha n cc dch v m khch hng ng k. Tp
trung lai, cc h thng phn mm ny gi l h thng h tr hoat ng OSS
(Operations Support Systems) v n c th bao gm nhiu dang khc
nhau. Mt s chc nng c cung cp bi cc h thng IPTV OSS nh
sau:
Hng dn chng trnh in t EPG (Electronic Program
Guide) cung cp cho ngi xem lch pht knh broadcast v tn cc chng
trnh VoD sn c. Hng dn ny c th bao gm c cc knh
broadcast thng qua vic la chn chng trnh hoc hng dn chng
trnh tng tc cho php user ln lch cc knh c pht trong tng lai.
Mt s cc nh khai thc dch v IPTV s dng cc cng ty bn ngoi
cung cp d liu hng dn chng trnh.
H thng phn quyn c yu cu khi cc thu bao ng k
xem ni dung thng qua h thng IPTV. H thng ny cn c kh nng
kim tra
thng tin ti khon ca khch hng, l cn c h thng phn quyn
c th p ng cc yu cu ca thu bao hay khng. H thng ny cn
kt ni vi h thng lp ho n thu bao.
Truy cp ni dung trc tuyn (e-mail, web) c cung cp
bi mt s h thng IPTV, cho php user c th xem ni dung trn PC
tng t nh xem trn Tivi nhng khng cn b gii m IP STB.
H thng lp ho n v qun l thu bao s bo qun d liu
chnh v mi thu bao, bao gm hp ng, cc chi tit ho n, cc
trang thi ti khon, v cc thng s nhn dang thit b.
Cc h thng OSS c th l thnh phn u t chnh ca cc nh

19

cung cp dch v IPTV v c thi gian ln tin bac. Bi v n m bo


cc phn mm cn thit c mua t nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau s
thc thi y cc chc nng c la chn bi nh cung cp. Vic
tch hp cc h thng ny c th mt nhiu thng, v nhiu cng vic
cn c hon thnh trc khi cung cp dch v cho s lng ln thu
bao. Hn na, cc chi ph trn l yu t c nh gi d dch v thu ht
c 1000 hay 100000 thu bao. Cng nh vy, chi ph lp t cc h
thng OSS cn c xem xt cn thn trong k hoach kinh doanh ca cc
nh cung cp dch v, vic tnh ton chi ph lp t OSS nm trong giai
oan u tin ca k hoach trin khai, cc chi ph ny c th vt tri gi
thnh ca phn cng h thng cho s lng thu bao thp hn. Hn na, gi
thnh bo dng c s d liu s khng c xem xt khi trin khai m
hnh kinh doanh cho mt h thng IPTV.
1.5. Cc dch v v ng dng ca IPTV
Mt trong nhng mt hp dn nht ca IPTV, xem xt t kha canh cng
ty in thoai l n cho php cc nh cung cp dch v mt s cc ng dng
vi c s cng ngh v mc u t tng ng. Hn na, IPTV c th kt
hp vi mt mang IP bng rng mi hoc c sn c s dng cung cp
cc dch v s liu. Rt nhiu cc ng dng ny c th c cung cp
mc gi thp hn so vi gi cung cp ni dung truyn hnh thng mai
chnh thng cho php cc nh cung cp c sc canh tranh hn.
Nhng trong phn ny ch trnh by mt s dch v c trin khai
bi cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV tai Vit Nam. l truyn hnh qung
b k thut s, dch v VoD v qung co c a ch.
1.5.1. Truyn hnh qung b k thut s
Khch hng s nhn c truyn hnh s thng thng bng
IPTV. Truyn hnh qung b s c phn phi ti thu bao thng qua

20

truyn hnh cp c nng cp hoc h thng v tinh. S khi u


ca cc cng ngh DSL tc cao hn nh ADSL2 v ADSL2+
mang n mt cuc cch mang ln trong lnh vc ny. Vi cc cng ngh
tc cao ny cho php IPTV c thm tin cy v tnh canh tranh vi cc
dch v truyn hnh thu ph khc.
IPTV c y kh nng a ra cc dch v cht lng cao khc
nhau v nhiu dch v hn so vi cc nh cung cp truyn hnh thu ph cp
v v tinh trong qu kh. Mt li ch khc ca IPTV l n c nhiu ni
dung v s knh ln hn la chn, ty thuc vo s thch ca khch
hng. c bit khch hng c th t chn la ngun ni dung a dang ny.
Chc nng ca truyn hnh qung b thng thng, truyn hnh cp v
v tinh l cung cp tt c cc knh ng thi ti nh thu bao. Tuy
nhin, IPTV ch phn phi cc knh m khch hng mun xem v n c
kh nng cung cp khng gii han s knh ny. Khch hng s t do iu
khin nhng g h mun xem v xem vo bt c lc no h mun. y l
c tnh vn c v c th xy ra ca IPTV v n c s kt hp ca kh
nng tng tc hai chiu trn nn mang IP.
1.5.2. Video theo yu cu VoD
VoD l dch v cung cp cc chng trnh truyn hnh da trn cc yu
cu ca thu bao. Cc dch v truyn hnh c pht i t cc b lu tr
phim truyn, chng trnh gio dc hay tin tc thi s thi gian thc.
ng dng VoD cung cp cho tng thu bao ring l chn ni dung
video v h xem n vo lc thch hp nht.
Khi ha tng mang IPTV u tin c thit k th cc ng dng v cc
dch v tao li nhun nh in thoai video, hi thoai truyn hnh, o tao t
xa v camera gim st an ninh tai nh u c th cung cp cho khch
hng. C thm mt s dch v v c tnh tin tin hn so vi h thng

21

truyn hnh qung b truyn thng.


1.5.3. Qung co c a ch
Thng tin tin nhn c bit hoc ni dung a phng tin gia thit b
v khch hng da trn a ch ca h gi l qung co c a ch. a ch
c cng b ca khch hng c th bit c thng qua vic xem xt
k profile ca ngi xem. N c thc hin bi lnh xc nh d tin
nhn qung co ph hp hoc khng ph hp vi ngi nhn. V th,
qung co c a ch cho php tnh ton nhanh chng v chnh xc hiu
qu ca chin dch qung co.
S hp tc ca ngi xem l din mao ca qung co c a ch. Ngay
khi truyn hnh IP c bt u, cc h thng truyn hnh IP c th hi hoc
nhc nh ngi xem khai bo tn ca h t danh sch ng k. i lai,
ngi xem s mun chn tn chng trnh ca h. Tai y, tn chng
trnh c mt profile v cc tin nhn qung co c th c la chn,
cch xem tt nht l kt ni ti profile ca ngi xem. Bi v, cc c tnh
tin tin c a ra ca truyn hnh IP v d nh cc cuc gi ti, email v hng dn chng trnh u nh cc knh u thch, ngi xem c
th thc s xem chng.
Thu nhp c tao ra bng cch gi cc tin nhn c a chi ti ngi
xem, vi cc profile c bit c th ln gp 10 n 100 ln thu nhp
t qung co qung b thng thng. Kh nng gi cc qung co thng
mai ti mt s ngi xem c bit cho php cc nh qung co c nh c
qu u t chnh xc cho qung co c a ch. N cng cho php cc nh
qung co th nghim mt s qung co thng mai khc trong cng mt
vng tai cng mt thi im.

22

CHNG 2: CC K THUT PHN PHI MNG


IPTV.
Hin nay IPTV c nhn nhn nh l con ng tt nht phn phi
cc dch v truyn hnh k thut s cho khch hng. Bn cht ca IPTV l
mt mang phn phi tc cao c lm nn mng phn phi ni
dung. Mc ch ca mang ny l truyn ti d liu gia thit b khch
hng IPTVCD v trung tm d liu ca cc nh cung cp dch v. N
cn lm vic ny m khng nh hng ti cht lng ca lung video
c phn phi ti thu bao IPTV, n cng quyt nh cu trc mang v
phc tap c yu cu h tr cc dch v IPTV. Cu trc mt mang
IPTV gm c hai phn l mang truy cp bng rng v mang tp trung.
Cc loai mang m rng khc bao gm cc h thng cp, in thoai cp
ng, mang khng dy v v tinh c th c s dng phn phi cc
dch v mang IPTV tin tin.
2.1. Cc loi mng truy cp bng rng
Cc nh cung cp khc nhau la chn cc h thng phn phi ty
thuc vo iu kin ti nguyn mang v nhu cu thc t. C bn loai mang
truy cp (c dy dn) bng rng khc nhau c kh nng cung cp cc
yu cu v bng thng ca dch v IPTV l:
Mang truy cp cp quang
Mang DSL
Mang cp truyn hnh
Mang Internet

23

2.2. IPTV phn phi trn mng truy cp cp quang


i vi IPTV th yu cu v bng thng ln nhng chi ph hoat ng phi
thp v trnh c cc can nhiu. Do , ngi ta quan tm ti vic s
dng mang cp quang ang c sn trin khai cc dch v IPTV. Cc
lin kt cp quang cung cp cho khch hng u cui mt kt ni
chuyn dng tt nht thun tin cho vic tip nhn ni dung IPTV.
Cc cng ngh v sn xut si quang gn y cho kh nng bng
thng ln hn, t c th thc thi mt trong cc cu trc mang sau:
Cp quang ti khu vc vn phng (FTTRO - Fiber to the reginal
office ): Si quang t trung tm d liu IPTV ti khu vc vn phng
mt cch gn nht c lp t bi cc cng ty vin thng hoc cng ty
cp. Sau si cp ng s c s dng truyn tn hiu ti ngi dng
u cui IPTV trong khu vc vn phng .
Cp quang ti vng ln cn (FTTN - Fiber to the neighborhood):
Nh ta bit si quang c tp trung tai cc node, FTTN i hi thit
lp si quang t trung tm d liu IPTV ti b chia vng ln cn. y
l v tr node c khong cch nh hn 1,5Km tnh t nh thu bao.
Vic trin khai FTTN cho php ngi dng nhn mt gi cc dch v
tr tin bao gm truyn hnh IPTV, truyn hnh cht lng cao v video
theo yu cu.
Cp quang ti l ng (FTTC - Fiber to the curd ): Si quang
c lp t t trung tm d liu IPTV ti cc t cp c t tai l ng.
T mt si dy cp ng hoc cp ng trc c s dng ni t
u cui cp quang trong t cp ti v tr thit b IPTV ca nh thu bao.
Cp quang ti nh khch hng (FTTH - Fiber to the home): Vi
si quang ti nh khch hng, ton b cc nh tuyn t trung tm d

24

liu IPTV ti nh khch hng u c kt ni bi si quang ny. FTTH


da trn mang quang c kh nng phn phi dung lng d liu cao
ti ngi s dng trong h thng. FTTH l h thng thng tin song
knh v h tr tnh nng tng tc ca cc dch v IPTV.
Vic phn phi nhng cu trc mang ny thng c trin khai bng
hai loai mang khc nhau mt cht l mang quang th ng v mang
quang tch cc.
2.2.1. Mng quang th ng
Mang quang th ng PON (Passive Optical Network) l cng
ngh mang kt ni im - a im. Mang s dng cc bc sng khc
nhau truyn d liu t trung tm d liu IPTV ti cc im ch m
khng c cc thnh phn in. Mang quang th ng c xy dng
da trn cc mang FTTx theo cc tiu chun quc t G.983 ca ITU l
tiu chun ang c s dng hin nay.
Cp quang: Vi truyn dn bng cp quang th can nhiu thp v
bng thng cao. Theo tiu chun G.983 cho php mang PON truyn cc tn
hiu nh sng c s ha vi khong cch ti a l 20Km m khng s
dng b khuch ai.
B chia quang: B chia quang c s dng chia tn hiu ti
thnh nhng tn hiu n l m khng thay i trang thi ca tn
hiu, khng bin i quang - in hoc in - quang. B chia quang cng
c s dng kt hp nhiu tn hiu quang thnh mt tn hiu quang
n. B chia quang cho php 32 h gia nh chia s bng thng ca mang
FFTx.
Cp quang v b chia quang l cc thit b th ng, vic s dng cc thit
b th ng truyn dn cc bc sng qua mang m khng cn cung cp

25

ngun t xa gim chi ph vn hnh v bo dng.


Mang PON theo tiu chun G.983 bao gm mt kt cui ng
quang OLT (Optical Line Termination) c t tai trung tm d liu
IPTV v mt s cc kt cui mang quang ONT (Optical Network
Termination) c lp t tai thit b u cui ngi dng.
Mc ch chnh ca ONT l cung cp cho cc thu bao IPTV mt giao
din vi mang PON. N nhn lung tn hiu dang nh sng, gim st a
ch c gn trong cc gi tin v chuyn i thnh tn cc tn hiu in v
chuyn
i d liu thnh tn hiu quang truyn trn mang PON. Kt cui
n g quang OLT bao gm cp quang v cc b chia quang nh
tuyn lu lng mang ti cc kt cui mang quang ONT.

Hnh 2.1 Mng IPTV FTTH s dng cng ngh PON

Hnh 2.1 miu t cu trc mang PON c bn c xy dng h tr


phn phi cc dch v IPTV v Internet tc cao cho su h gia nh
khc nhau. Mang PON trn hnh 2.1 cng m t 3 loai bc sng

26

truyn dn khc nhau. Bc sng u tin c s dng mang lu


lng Internet tc cao. Bc sng th hai c ch nh mang cc
dch v IPTV v bc sng th ba c th c s dng mang lu
lng tng tc t nh thu bao tr lai nh cung cp dch v. Trn hnh 2.1
cng m t thit b ghp knh theo bc sng WDM, WDM c lp t
tai trung tm d liu IPTV v bn trong kt cui OLT cho php mang PON
h tr truyn dn nhiu knh song song hoc nhiu bc sng trn mt si
quang. Nh vy, s tao mt s knh quang o trn mt si quang n.
Trong WDM, dung lng ca mang c tng ln bng vic gn bc
sng bt u t ngun quang n cc bc sng ring bit. C 3 cng ngh
mang PON l BPON, EPON v GPON h tr c truyn hnh v tuyn
truyn thng v IPTV.
2.2.1.1. BPON
BPON (Broadband Passive Optical Network) mang th ng bng rng.
BPON s dng chuyn mach mode truyn dn bt ng bATM
(Asynchronnuos Transfer Mode) nh l giao thc vn chuyn. Cc mang
da trn nn ATM hu ht u phn phi cc ng dng d liu, thoai v
video tc cao. Chuyn mach ATM chia tt c thng tin truyn i thnh
cc block nh gi l cc cell, v th n l cng ngh c tc rt cao. Cc
cell c c nh kch thc, mi cell c 5 byte header v trng thng
tin cha 48 byte d liu. Trng thng tin ca cell ATM mang ni
dung IPTV, ngc lai header cha thng tin thch hp thc hin chc
nng l giao thc ATM.
ATM c phn loai nh l giao thc nh hng kt ni, cc kt ni
gia u thu v u pht c thit lp trc truyn d liu video IP
trn mang. Kh nng gi trc bng thng cho cc ng dng nhay vi
tr l mt c tnh khc ca mang ATM. y l c tnh thng c

27

s dng phn phi cc dch v IPTV. Vic phn phi cc knh ring
bit cho cc dch v khc nhau gip loai b c can nhiu.
2.2.1.2. EPON
Mang th ng EPON(Ethernet PON) l mang PON s dng
Ethernet lm c ch truyn dn. Cc tc h tr ph thuc vo khong
cch gia OLT v ONT. Lu rng cc mang EPON ch h tr lu lng
mang Ethernet.
2.2.1.3. GPON
Mang quang th ng GPON (Gigabit PON) l h thng truy cp
da trn tiu chun G.984 ca ITU-T. GPON v c bn l nng cp cho
BPON, GPON h tr cho cc tc truyn dn hng xung cao hn,
c th l 2,5Gbits hng xung v 1,5 Gbits hng ln, y l cc tc
at c cho khong cch ln ti 20 km. Ngoi ra GPON cn h
tr cc giao thc nh Ethernet, ATM v SONET, v cc c tnh bo an
c ci tin.
Bng 2.1. Sosnh cc cng ngh mng PON: BPON, EPON v EPON

Giao thc
PON

Tiu chun ITU-

Tc

truyn dn

Ch yu l
Up: 155 Mbps
BPON

G.893

ATM v IP

Down: 622

trn Ethernet

Mbps

cng c s
dng

28

GPON

EPON

G.894

P802.3ah

Up: 1,5 Gbps

Ethernet v

Down:2,5Gbps

SONET

Up: 1,25Gbps

Gigabit

Down: 1,25Gbps Ethernet

2.2.2. Mng quang tch cc


Mang quang tch cc AON (Active optical network) s dng cc thnh
phn in gia trung tm d liu IPTV v u cui ngi dng. Trong
thc t, cu trc mang AON s dng cc chuyn mach Ethernet t tai v
tr gia trung tm d liu IPTV v im kt cui ca mang cp quang.
2.3. IPTV phn phi trn mng ADSL
Bng thng l mt vn quan trng trong vic phn phi cc dch v
IPTV th h mi. Mt s mang bng rng da trn DSL hin c c k
tha t cc chun DSL. Ch rng DSL l cng ngh cho php cc nh
cung cp vin thng phn phi cc dch v bng thng ln trn si dy cp
ng ang dng ch truyn thoai. N lm bin i ha tng mang cp
in thoai ang tn tai gia tng i ni hat v in thoai nh khch hng
thnh ng dy s tc cao. Trong mt s trng hp n khng th

29

gi tn hiu truyn hnh cht lng chun trn mang truy cp DSL. Vic
tng qu trnh thc thi c yu cu cho IPTV c th at c bng cch
trin khai cc cng ngh DSL nh ADSL, ADSL2+ v VDSL.
2.3.1. ADSL
ng dy thu bao k thut s bt i xng ADSL l k thut
trong h xDSL c s dng rng ri nht hin nay trn cc mang vin
thng th gii. ADSL l cng ngh kt ni im - im, n cho php cc
nh cung cp vin thng phn phi cc dch v bng thng rng trn
ng dy cp ng in thoai ang tn tai.
Bng vic s dng cc k thut c trng, ADSL cho php tc
downstream l 8 Mbps v tc upstream l 1,5 Mbps. Bi vy, mt kt
ni ADSL ch cho ng thi hai knh truyn hnh qung b theo chun
MPEG- 2 v mt kt ni Internet tc cao. im tr ngai chnh ca
ADSL l ph thuc vo khong cch tnh t trung tm d liu ca nh cung
cp ti nh khch hng. Dch v ADSL gii han khong cch trn l 18.000
ft hay 5,5 Km.
Cc thit b ADSL cung cp mt kt ni k thut s trn mang
PSTN, tuy nhin tn hiu truyn l tn hiu tng t. Cc mach ADSL phi
s dng tn hiu tng t v mang mach vng ni hat (local loop)
khng c kh nng truyn cc tn hiu m ha dang s.

30

Hnh 2.2. IPTV trn mng ADSL

Cc thit b c s dng trin khai dch v IPTV trn mang


ADSL nh trn hnh 2.2 bao gm:
Modem ADSL: Tai nh thu bao c mt b thu pht ADSL hoc
modem. Modem thng kt ni bng cng USB hoc giao tip Ethernet
t mang gia nh hoc PC ti ng line DSL. a s modem hin ny u
c tch hp chc nng nh tuyn h tr cc dch v d liu v truy
cp Internet tc cao.
B lc POTS: Ngi dng c kt ni vi Internet bng kt ni
bng thng rng ADSL s s dng mt thit b gi l b lc POTS lc
tn hiu d liu t cc tn hiu thoai. B lc s lc tn hiu ti thnh tn
hiu tn s thp a ti in thoai v tn s cao a ti mang gia nh.
DSLAM - Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer: b ghp
knh truy cp ng dy thu bao s. Tai mi tng i khu vc
(Regional Office) ca nh cung cp dch v IPTV, DSLAM nhn cc kt
ni ca thu bao trn ng dy cp ng, tp hp chng lai v kt ni
tr lai trung tm d liu IPTV bng cp quang tc cao da trn
mang ng trc. DSLAM chu trch nhim trong vic phn phi ni
dung IPTV t tng i khu vc ti cc thu bao IPTV. DSLAM c hai
loai l DSLAM lp 2 v DSLAM nhn bit IP.
DSLAM lp 2: Hoat ng tai lp 2 trong m hnh OSI v thc
hin cc chc nng nh chuyn mach lu lng gia Ethernet v

31

ATM, chuyn tip cc lu lng mang ngc dng (up-stream) v ngn


nga can nhiu gia cc thu bao IPTV.
DSLAM h tr: H tr cc giao thc IP hoat ng tai lp 3 trong m
hnh OSI. Cc chc nng tin tin c tch hp trong cc DSLAM nhn
bit
IP l ti tao cc knh truyn hnh qung b v knh thc hin theo lnh.
Tc d liu: Tc ti a ca ADSL l 8 Mbps ch h tr s
dng tt cho hai knh truyn hnh cht lng cao v mt s lu lng
Internet, tuy nhin, n s khng th p ng c cho cc nh cung cp
IPTV khi phn phi cc chng trnh ln ti thu bao ca h.
Tnh tng tc: V cng ngh ADSL tc download thp hn
tc
upload, do vy n s han ch trong vic cung cp cc dch v ngang
hng (peer-to-peer) yu cu bng thng download v upload bng nhau.
2.3.2. ADSL2
Cc chun ca h ADSL2 c a ra p ng cc yu cu v bng
thng, h tr cho cc ng dng yu cu bng thng ln nh IPTV. C 3
loai khc nhau ca h ADSL2:
ADSL2: ADSL2 bao gm mt s ci tin so vi chun ADSL gc l
t tn khc, cc tc download cao hn v khong cch t tng i
trung tm ti modem ca thu bao xa hn.
ADSL2+: ADSL2+ c xy dng trn ADSL2 v cho php cc nh
cung cp dch v mang a ra cc tc ln ti 20 Mbps v hoat ng
tt trong khong 1,5 Km tnh t tng i trung tm ti modem nh thu
bao.

32

ADSL(Reach): c gi l ADSL m rng hay vit tt l READSL2 (ADSL- Reach). RE-ADSL2 cho php cc nh cung cp dch v
IPTV tng khong cch ln ti 6 Km tnh t tng i trung tm gn nht
ti nh thu bao. N l cng ngh tt nht thc thi c trong gii han v
khong cch v tc trn cc si cp ng.
2.3.3. VDSL
ng dy thu bao s tc cao VDSL (Very high speed Digital
Subscriber Line) da trn nhng nguyn l c bn nh cng ngh
ADSL2+. N l cng ngh DSL mi nht v phc tap nht tai thi im
ny, v n c pht trin khc phc cc khuyt im ca cc
phin bn cng ngh truy cp ADSL trc y. N loai tr c hin tng
tht c trai v h tr kh nng tc rt ln cho php cc nh cung
cp dch v iu kin a ra cho cc thu bao IPTV rt nhiu dch
v la chn bao gm c VoD v truyn hnh qung b nh dang HD.
VDSL cng c thit k h tr cc truyn dn ca chuyn mach
ATM v lu lng IP trn cp ng. Mt s thnh vin trong h gia
nhVDSL nh sau:
VDSL1: N hoat ng tai tc gii han cao hn 55 Mbps cho knh
hng xung v 15 Mbps cho hng ln. Tuy nhin n ch hoat ng
c trong khong cch ngn.
VDSL2: L mt ci tin t VDSL1

v c nh ngha trong

kin ngh G.993.2 ca ITU-T. N c th c chia nh thnh VDSL2


(Long Reach) v VDSL2 (Short Reach).
ADSL2 (Long Reach): VDSL vi cc ci tin v khong cch c th
cung cp cho cc thu bao IPTV tc truy cp bng rng l 30 Mbps
cch tng i trung tm t 1,2 - 1,5 km.

33

VDSL2 (Short Reach): Chun VDSL2 s dng k thut ghp knh


cho php n hoat ng tc cao gp 12 ln so vi chun ADSL, tc
l 100 Mbps cho knh hng xung trong khong cch 350 m. Mc d
tc knh hng ln khng at c 100 Mbps, nhng cc tc
vt tri hn so vi cc tc knh hng ln ca ADSL2+.
Cc c tnh mi ca VDSL2 nh ci thin cht lng dch v QoS v
ci tin k thut m ha tt c u thch hp phn phi cc ng dng
triple- play. C hai phng thc chnh c cc nh cung cp dch v
IPTV s dng tch hp VDSL2 vo ha tng mang ang c ca h.
Phng thc th nht l thm cc thit b VDSL2 mi tai cc tng i khu
vc v cho php DSLAM chay song song vi h thng DSLAM ADSL
ang c. Phng thc th hai l t thit b VDSL2 gn thu bao IPTV.

Bng 2.2: So snh cc cng ngh DSL

Cng ngh

Downsteam Uptream

DSL
ADSL

(Mbps)
8

(Mbps)
1

Khong
cch (km)
5.5 km

Cc dch v c h
tr
Mt knh video SD
nn MPEG-2, truy
cp Internet tc
cao v cc dch v
VoIp.

ADSL2

12

6.5 km

Hai knh video SD


nn MPEG-2, hoc
mt knh HD, truy
cp Iternet tc d cao
v cc dch v VoIP

ADSL+

25

6 km

Nm knh video SD

34

MPEG-2 hoc hai


knh HD MPEG-4,
truy cp Internet tc
cao v cc dch v
VoIP.
ADSL-Reach 25

6 km

Nm knh video SD
MPEG-2 hoc hai
knh HD MPEG-4,
truy cp Internet tc
cao v cc dch v
VoIP.

VDSL1

55

15

Vi trm

Mi hai knh video

mt

SD MPEG-2 hoc
nm knh HD
MPEG-4, truy cp
Internet tc cao
v cc dch v VoIP.

VDSL2(Long 30

30

1.2- 1.5 km By knh video SD

Reach)

MPEG-2 hoc mi
knh HD MPEG-4,
truy cp Internet tc
cao v cc dch v
VoIP.

VDSL2

100

100

350 km

Mi hai knh video

( Short

SD MPEG-2 hoc

Reach)

mi knh HD
MPEG-4, truy cp
Internet tc cao

35

v cc dch v VoIP.

2.4. IPTV PHN PHI TRN MNG TRUYN HNH CP


2.4.1. Tng quan v k thut HFC
Mang HFC (hybrid fiber/coax) l mang kt hp cp quang v cp
ng trc, s dng ng thi cp quang vi cp ng trc truyn
v phn phi tn hiu. Vic truyn tn hiu t trung tm n cc node
quang l cp quang, cn t cc node quang n thu bao l cp ng trc.
Cc mang xy dng da trn k thut HFC c mt s c tnh thun li
chuyn giao cho cc dch v th h mi nh sau:
Mang HFC c kh nng truyn dn ng thi c tn hiu s v tn
hiu tng t. y l c tnh rt quan trng cho cc nh khai thc mang.
Mang HFC c th chung ha gia vic tng dung lng v cc yu cu
tin cy ca mt h thng IPTV. c im tng c dung lng ca h
thng HFC cho php cc nh khai thc mang trin khai thm cc dch v
m khng
cn phi thay i ton b cu trc mang.
c tnh vt l ca cp ng trc v cp quang h tr mang hoat ng
tc vi Gbps.

36

Hnh 2.3. Mng HFC end-to-end

Hnh 2.3 ta thy cu trc ca mang HFC gm c ng trc chnh l


cp quang kt ni theo cc node quang ti mang cp ng trc. Node
quang hoat ng nh mt giao tip, n kt ni cc tn hiu upstream v
downstream i ngang qua mang cp quang v cp ng trc. Phn mang
cp ng trc ca mang HFC s dng topology cy-phn nhnh, cc
thu bao truyn hnh kt ni ti mang HFC theo mt thit b c bit gi
l b chia cp Tap. Tn hiu truyn hnh s c pht t trung tm d liu
ti cc node quang. Node quang phn phi tn hiu thng qua cp ng
trc, b khch ai v b chia cp Tap ti khch hng.
2.4.2. IPTV phn phi trn mng truyn hnh cp
Do s canh tranh v th trng kinh doanh truyn hnh thu ph t cc
nh cung cp vin thng v nhng hiu qu ln v bng thng khi s dng
k thut phn phi IP, dn ti cc nh khai thc mang truyn hnh cp phi
hng ti s dng m hnh mang IP phn phi ni dung ti ngi dng.
Vic chuyn mt mang da trn tn s v tuyn RF(Radio Frequency)
sang mang chuyn mach video s SDV (Switched Digital Video) trn nn
IP, d bng cch no th vn cn phi lp t mt s thit b mi t cc
router ti b gii m IP STB (Set-top box) v cc switch tc cao. Mt
s u th ca vic trin khai sang mang chuyn mach SDV:
Mt s lng ln bng thng ca mang s c d tr bi v nh
khai thc ch nhn c yu cu pht mt knh truyn hnh n l ti b

37

gii m STB.
Bng thng d tha cho php cc nh khai thc mang cp truyn
hnh c th phn phi cc dch v v ni dung IPTV ti thu bao ca h.
Nhng nh khai thc mang cp truyn hnh c th o ac v gim st
mt cch chnh xc ni dung xem ca mi thu bao. y l mt c tnh
quan trng cho cc nh khai thc mun tao thm doach thu bng qung co.

Hnh 2.4 M hnh trin khai cu trc mng IPTV cp quang kt hp IP v RF

Hnh 2.4 m t mt cu trc mang IPTV cp c tao thnh t s kt hp


cc thit b ca cng ngh RF v cng ngh IP. Mt s thit b phn cng
c m t trn hnh 2.4 bao gm:
Switch hay Router GigE: GiE (Gigabit Ethernet) ni ln nh l
mt giao thc vn chuyn c la chn kt ni cc thnh phn mang
IP. GigE thng c s dng cho cc ng dng i hi dung lng cao,
v d nh VoD. Router GigE tp hp lu lng IPTV v cung cp cc kt

38

ni ti mang truy cp li.


Mng truyn dn quang: Mang li cung cp con ng mang gia
video server trong trung tm ni dung v cc b iu ch tai bin ca
mang. Mang li c th l mang quang ng b SONET, mang ATM v
mang ghp knh phn chia theo mt bc sng DWDM.
B iu ch bin: Cc b iu ch c t tai cc tng i khu vc
nhn ni dung IPTV t mang li, chuyn i ni dung t cc gi IP sang
RF v phn phi trn mang HFC ti b gii m STB.
Trong m hnh trn tt c ni dung u c iu ch thnh ccs sng
mang RF v c bin dch thnh RF bng rng ng ra, thng nm trong
di t 50 cho ti 860 MHz. Mt s h thng hoat ng vi tn s ln ti 1
GHz, vi cc tn s cao thng c dnh ring cho cc dch v thoai v
d liu. T trung tm d liu ca nh cung cp, mt ng trung k ln
c s dng phn phi tn hiu bng rng ti cc Hub phn phi. T
Hub phn phi, tn hiu bng thng rng c gi ti mang truyn dn
quang, thng qua mang HFC, cc tn hiu bng rng c gi ti cc b
STB trong nh khch hng.
2.5. IPTV phn phi trn mng internet
Li dng tc bng thng rng kt hp vi cc tin b trong trong k
thut nn d liu v c nhiu chng trnh la chn hn cho php
khch hng xem truyn hnh qung b v ni dung video theo yu cu,
l l do tai sao s lng khch hng s dng Internet tng ln. IPTV
trin khai trn mang Internet c th l mt trong cc dang ng dng sau.
2.5.1. Cc knh truyn hnh Internet streaming
Vic phn phi cc knh truyn hnh trn Internet l mt ng dng
rng ri ca IPTV, bao gm ni dung video c streaming t mt server

39

ti cc thit b client c kh nng x l v hin th ni dung video. Cc


knh truyn hnh Internet c streaming cng c th a vo in thoai di
ng hoc b gii m STB. Ni dung cc knh truyn hnh Internet c
streaming cng c th c phn phi theo thi gian thc v ngi xem
c th xem lai theo cch xem truyn thng. Qu trnh k thut streaming
knh truyn hnh Internet thng bt u tai server streaming, tai ni
dung video c ng vo trong cc gi IP, nn lai v pht qua mang
Internet ti PC client. PC c cc phn mm, thng l mt chng
trnh tm duyt (browser), gii nn ni dung video v pht ra video cn
sng.
Khong thi gian t lc chn knh truyn hnh ti lc xem c
thng ngn v ph thuc tc kt ni c th c gia server v client. M
hnh cu trc mang c s dng phn phi knh truyn hnh trn
Internet nh trn hnh 2.5.

Hnh 2.5 Cu trc mng cc knh truyn hnh Internet.

Vic trin khai tt c cc knh truyn hnh Internet s yu cu


mt server streaming, server ny s h tr cc chc nng sau:

40

Lu tr v khi phc ni dung video ngun.


iu khin tc cc gi video IP c phn phi ti thit b ca
ngi xem.
Thc hin chuyn tip v chuyn ngc cc lnh yu cu t ngi
xem truyn hnh Internet.
Mt server streaming n lm vic tt khi phn phi s lng t cc
knh truyn hnh ti mt s thu bao c gii han. h tr cho vic
phn phi nhiu knh ti hng trm hoc hng ngn thu bao IPTV, th cn
phi trin khai mt s lng ln server streaming trn cc ng mang
khc nhau.
Cng vic streaming ni dung video hu ht u cn phi bo mt v ni
dung khng c lu tr trn thit b truy cp ca khch hng. V th, vic
sao chp ni dung tri php cn phi c ngn chn. Mt li th khc ca
IPTV l kh nng hoat ng hiu qu trn cc kt ni c bng thng thp
v ngi xem c kh nng bt u xem ni dung tai mi im trong lung
IPTV.
2.5.2. Download Internet
Nh tn gi, IPTV cho php khch hng download v xem ni dung
theo
yu cu. Hu ht cc dch v download Internet u phi tr tin hoc
tr theo dung lng download, cc dch v bao gm tin tc ni b v bn
tin thi tit, phim in nh, phim ni b v m nhac, ch dn gii tr v
cc qung co c phn loai. Mt s v tr cng Internet trc tuyn gn
y bt u tin hnh a ra cc th vin ni dung chng trnh IPTV
c th download cho ngi s dng Internet. Trong hu ht cc trng
hp, mi ngi u s dng PC xem cc chng trnh download, tuy

41

nhin, mt s cng ty bt u cung cp thit b gii m STB cho nhng


khch hng khng mun xem trn PC. Mt s c im ca cng ngh
IPTV end-to-end da trn cc dch v download Internet:
o Cc giao thc mng: chun giao thc truyn tp tin FTP v giao
thc truyn siu vn bn HTTP thng c s dng truyn ni dung
IPTV t server ti client. Vic s dng cc giao thc trn gim thiu
kh nng ni dung IPTV b ngn chn bi firewall.
o Cng ngh server: chun phn mm Web server thng c
s dng p ng cc yu cu v ni dung video.
o Tc mng: thi gian download mt b phim trn Internet
ph thuc vo tc ca kt ni bng rng v cht lng ni dung video.
Cc b phim in nh nh dang SD v cc chng trnh download tng
i nhanh so vi ni dung video dang HD.
o Cc nhu cu v lu tr: c server v client u yu cu kh nng
lu tr tin tin h tr x l cc tp tin IPTV ln. Mt s ng
dng ca download Internet cho php cc thu bao IPTV ghi lai mt bn
copy ni dung video c download vo a DVD v xem bng u
DVD.
2.5.3. Chia s video ngang hng
ng dng chia s video ngang hng (peer-to-peer) cho php nhiu
user xem, chia s v tao ni dung video trc truyn. Vic s dng ng dng
chia s video peer-to-peer khng phc tap v n thng l download v ci
t mt s phn mm chuyn dng. Khi phn mm hoat ng c
trn PC, ngi dng ch cn click vo cc link download mt file
video. Khi tin trnh download bt u, phn mm ng dng chia s
video peer-to-peer c thit lp cc kt ni v bt u ly ni dung video

42

c yu cu t cc ngun khc nhau. Khi file video c download v


ghi y vo cng th c th xem
ni dung.
2.6. Cc cng ngh cho mng li IPTV
Ha tng mang IPTV i hi phi truyn ti c mt s lng ln ni
dung video tc cao gia trung tm d liu IPTV v mang phn phi
bng thng rng. Mt s chun truyn dn mang li c cc kh nng bo v
cn thit m bo tin cy cao. Mi chun c mt s c tnh ring
bit v tc truyn dn tn hiu v kh nng m rng. C ba loai cng
ngh truyn dn mang li chnh c s dng lm ha tng mang IPTV
l ATM trn nn SONET/SDH, IP trn MPLS v Metro Ethernet.
Nh miu t trn hnh 2.6 cc cng nh mang li cung cp vic kt ni
gia trung tm d liu IPTV v cc mang truy cp khc nhau.

Hnh 2.6 H tng mng li IPTV

43

2.6.1. ATM v SONET/SDH


Nh bit, ATM c th h tr cc ng dng nh IPTV i hi bng
thng cao v cc truyn dn c tr thp. ATM hoat ng trn cc mang
khc nhau bao gm c cp ng trc v cp xon i, tuy nhin n chay tc
tt nht l trn cp quang. Lp vt l gi l mang quang ng b
SONET (Synchronuos Optical Network) thng c s dng truyn
ti cc cell ATM trn mang li.
SONET l giao thc cung cp truyn dn tc cao s dng cp
quang. Thut ng SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) c a ra
cho cng ngh truyn dn quang theo tiu chun Chu u. Tc tn hiu
SONET c o bng cc chun sng mang quang OC (Optical Carrier).
Bng 2.3 l cc tc truyn dn ang s dng gi l cp OC.
Bng 2.3 Cc chun OC SONET

Cp OC

Tc truyn dn d liu

OC-1 (tc c s)

51,84 Mbps

OC-3

155,52 Mbps

OC-12

622,08 Mbps

OC-24

1,224 Gbps

OC-48

2,488 Gbps

OC-192

10 Gbps

OC-256

13,271 Gbps

OC-768

40 Gbps

SONET s dng ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian TDM ( Time

44

Division Multiplexing) truyn nhiu lung cng mt lc. Vi TDM,


mang SONET nh r bng thng cho v tr khe thi gian c th trn di
tn s. Vic gn trc cc khe thi gian nh vy s hoat ng bt chp c
d liu c truyn hay khng. Thit b SONET nhn mt s lung bit v
kt hp thnh mt lung n, cc tc c kt hp thnh mt tc
chung. V d, bn lung lu lng IPTV c tc 1 Gbps s c kt hp
thnh lung 4Gbps sau c chuyn tip ln mang cp quang.
2.6.2. IP v MPLS
Mt s ln cc cng ty vin thng bt u trin khai giao
thc Internet IP trn mang li ca h. Mc d IP nguyn bn khng bao gi
c thit k vi cc c tnh nh QoS hoc kh nng phn bit lu
lng, giao thc lm vic tt nht khi n kt hp vi mt cng ngh gi l
chuyn mach nhn a giao thc MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching).
MPLS cho php mang h tr vic phn phi c hiu qu cc danglu
lng video khc nhau trn mt nn mang chung.
MPLS c thit k v xy dng bng vic s dng cc router chuyn
mach nhn LSR (Label Switch Router) tin tin. Cc router ny chu
trch nhim thit lp cc tuyn kt ni c nh hng ti cc ch ring
bit trn mang IPTV. Cc tuyn o ny c gi l cc tuyn chuyn mach
nhn LSP (Label Switched Path) v c cu hnh vi y ti nguyn
chc chn truyn dn tri chy lu lng IPTV thng qua mang MPLS.
Vic s dng LSP lm n gin ha v tng tc nh tuyn cc gi
thng qua mang v vic gi gi kim tra ch xut hin tai cc li vo ca
mang v khng yu cu tai mi router hop.
Chc nng chnh khc ca LSR l xc nh cc kiu lu lng mang.
y l iu at c bng vic thm MPLS header vo phn u ca mi

45

gi tin IPTV. Cc thnh phn ca MPLS header c gii thch trong bng
2.4.

Bng 2.4 nh dng MPLS header

Tn trng bit

di trng

Chc nng

bit (bit)
Nhn

20

Chc cc chi tit ring bit ca


hop tip theo cho mi gi IPTV

Cc bit d tr

c d tr cho user khc.

Stacking bit

Mt header c th cha mt
hoc nhiu nhn. Mt khi
stacking bit c thit lp,
LSR s nhn dng c nhn
sau cng trong gi.

Thi gian sng


TTL

y l gi tr c copy t
trng TTL trong IP header

46

Hnh 2.7 Topology mng li MPLS

Hnh 2.7 miu t header c thm vo LSR li vo v c g b bi


LSR li ra. Li ch khc ca mang MPLS l h tr cc cp phc hi
nhanh khi mang xut hin li.
2.6.3. Metro Ethernet
Mt cng ngh khc c th c trin khai trong mang li l Metro
Ethernet. Mt lin minh ca cc nh cung cp dch v, cung cp thit b v
cc cng ty v mang ni ting c thnh lp vi tn gi l MEF (Metro
Ethernet Forum). MEF chu trch nhim thit lp cc chi tit k thut
tch hp cc cng ngh Ethernet vo mang backbone dung lng cao
v cc mang li. Ngoi vic pht trin cc chi tit k thut, MEF cn
chng nhn thit b Ethernet s dng trong ha tng mang ca cc
nh cung cp dch v. Cc c im k thut v hoat ng ca cc mang
li da trn Metro Ethernet bao gm:
Cc thit b khc nhau phi thch hp c trng v cng ngh mang
li, l kh nng phc hi nhanh, hiu sut thc thi cao v nng m rng.
Mt s thnh phn mang Metro Ethernet hin ai c th hoat ng tai
tc ln ti 100 Gbps vi khong cch xa. N cung cp cho cc nh cung
cp dch v mt nn tng mang l tng c kh nng phn phi cc dch v
gi tr gia tng mi nh IPTV cho khch hng khong cch xa tnh t tng
i khu vc.

N thc thi c ch hi phc tinh vi cc li xy ra trn

mang, do m bo cc dch v nh IPTV khng b nh hng do t


qung..
Cc cng ngh Metro Ethernet h tr s dng vic kt ni cc mach

47

o c nh hng, iu cho php cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV


bo m vic phn phi ni dung video cht lng cao bn trong mang
li. Cc lin kt chuyn dng ny c gi l cc kt ni o Ethernet EVC
(Ethernet Virtual Connection). Hnh 2.8 trnh by cch s dng 4 EVC
cung cp kt ni gia trung tm d liu IPTV v mt s tng i khu vc.

Hnh 2.8. S dng cc ECV kt ni IPTV qua li mng

48

CHNG 3: QUN L MNG IPTV


Vic phn phi dch v truyn hnh trn mang IP tr thnh cc
thch
thc v mt cng ngh v thng mai cho cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV.
Mt trong nhng thch thc xut hin u tin trong hoat ng ca mang
IPTV hng ngy, l nh cung cp dch v cn phi c nng lc qun l
lu lng video v cc thnh phn ha tng mang IP. Cc nh cung cp
IPTV cn phi c mt h thng qun l mang NMS (Network
Management System), l cc b phn gim st v nhn dang cc s c
c th nh hng ti vic phn phi cc dch v truyn hnh ti khch
hng. Mt thch thc khc i vi nh cung cp l vn ci t mt dch
v IPTV kh phc tap v tao ra cc p lc cho ti nguyn mang ca nh
cung cp dch v. V th, cn phi lp danh sch v chuyn mn ha cc
bc ci t.

49

Ngoi vic qun l v cung cp cc dch v, cc nh khai thc mang


IPTV cng cn phi bo m vic tip nhn dch v ca khch hng thun
li hn so vi cc dch v c a ra t cc nh khai thc truyn hnh
thu ph khc l truyn hnh cp v v tinh. trnh c cc thch thc
trn, trong phn ny a ra mt s chc nng hoat ng v k thut
thnh cng trong vic trin khai IPTV.
3.1. H thng qun l mng IPTV
Cc mang phn phi IPTV ngy nay tao ra ngun thu nhp khng l cho
cc nh khai thc. Tuy nhin vic qun l h thng IPTV end-to-end lai l
nhim v kh khn. Thnh thong, h thng c th mang n cc vn
nh hng rt ln cho nh cung cp dch v IPTV. gim thiu ri ro
v s c v mang, cc nh khai thc s dng h thng qun l mang NMS
gim st cu trc mang IPTV end-to-end.
Cc chc nng c thc thi bi h thng qun l IPTV c th bao gm:
Quan st mng 24/7: Mt h thng qun l mang NMS bao gm cc bn
hin th thng tin cc tnh trang ca mt s thnh phn mang nh:
Cc thit b v server trung tm d liu IPTV.
Cc thit b mang li IP.
Cc thit b mang truy cp. Thit b khch hng IPTV.
Cc mang gia nh.
Ti u ha mng: NMS gip qu trnh ti u ha ti nguyn mang,
h tr tng kh nng tch hp cc dch v da trn nn mang IP.
H tr nhn vin k thut: NMS tp hp cc bn tin li t cc thnh
phn h thng IPTV end-to-end h tr nhn vin k thut nhn bit
nhanh v gii quyt cc s c c th xy ra hng ngy trn mang IPTV.

50

Bo co: NMS tp hp cc trang thi ca cc thnh phn c bn ca


mang thnh mt bo co h thng cho php ngi qun l mang IPTV:
Theo di v nh gi cc oan t qung ca dch v IPTV.
Kim tra sc khe ca cc thnh phn mang.
Nhn dang cc vn tim tng trn mang thng qua phn tch
chiu hng d liu.
Ghi nhn vic s dng mang trong cc giai oan c bit ch .
Minh ha cc thnh phn bng th: Cc giao din trc gic c trng
cung cp mt th hoc bn cc trang thi c th xy ra i vi cc
thnh phn ha tng mang IPTV end-to-end.
Qun l cc li ca server trung tm: Cc server IPTV gi vai tr chin
lc v cng quan trng trong mang truyn hnh bng rng. NMS h tr
vic gim st server bng cch gi cc thng bo cnh bo v cc s c ti
nhn vin k thut.
Qun l cu hnh: NMS s lu tr cc mc thng tin cu hnh ca mi
thit b c kt ni vo mang IPTV trong c s d liu. Cc dang thng
tin ny c th l a ch IP hay cc phin bn Middleware ca mi thit b
gii m STB. NMS cho php nhn vin k thut thay i cc tham s trn.
Qun l bng thng: PTV l mt ng dng tn bng thng. NMS cho
php cc nh cung cp dch v gi quyn iu khin cht ch vic s
dng bng thng mang v ti u ha mang ca h cho cc ng dng trn
nn IPTV.
u tin ha lu ha lng: IPTV l ng dng nhay vi tr. ci
thin cht lng dch v c phn phi ti user u cui, NMS cho php
cc nh cung cp dch v u tin ha ni dung video trn cc ng dng

51

khng nhay vi tr nh ng dng tm kim trn Internet v lu lng


cc ng dng ngang hng.
Qun l cc nht k mng: y l chc nng chu trch nhim ghi v lu
tr nht k ca cc s kin xut hin trong thi gian hoat ng ca mang
IPTV. Thng tin nht k c lu tr gia cc NMS khc nhau, bao gm:
Cc chi tit login v logout ca cc user IPTV.
Cc chi tit thay i cu hnh ca h thng v thit b IPTVCD.
Cc chi tit hoat ng ca thit b mang.
Cc thch thc cho nhng ngi qun l h thng IPTV kt hp vi d
liu t cc NMS khc nhau thu c mt ci nhn tng th chnh xc v
qu trnh thc thi ca mang. Thm na, nhng ngi qun l cng cn
kh nng h tr cc phn cng khc chay phn mm NMS ng gi tai
trung tm d liu IPTV.
3.1.1. S dng giao thc SNMP qun l mng IPTV
Giao thc qun l mang n gin SNMP l phng thc manh m
gim st v iu khin cc thit b trn c mang IP v non-IP. N l mt cu
trc xc nh cc thng s cn qun l ca thit b. Tai cp c
bn nht, SNMP l mt giao thc truyn tin xc nh cch thc thc thi
ca h thng, d liu hoat ng v cc lnh c tp hp t cc thit b ny.
Hnh 3.1 trnh by cch b tr ca h thng SNMP c bn.Cc thnh phn
ca h thng bao gm:
Network manager l b phn chu trch nhim v cc hoat
ng chnh xc ca mang.
Management console l thnh phn c trang b cho
Network manager, n chu trch nhim tp hp thng tin v mang, hin th

52

thng tin v thc hin cc lnh qun l mang.


Network management software chay trn manager console
thc hin cc nhim v nh hin th cc trang thi mang, cc cnh bo
ng nhp v gi cc lnh ti cc thit b mang. Phn mm ny s dng
qun l SNMP thu thp thng tin t cc thit b mang khc nhau.
SNMP manager chu trch nhim v thng tin qun l cc
thit b c qun l, gi cc bn ghi chp v cc trang thi hin tai ca
mang trn c s d liu ch c gi l c s thng tin qun l
MIM (Management information base).
SNMP c s dng truyn at thng tin ti cc thit b
khc nhau hnh thnh mang, mt s SNMP c trnh by trn hnh 3.1.
Thit b 1 v 2 u c qun l trc tip do chng u c trang
b mt SNMP agent v mt module c s d liu MIB ni b. SNMP
agent chu trch nhim tp hp v lu tr trang thi thit b vo trong c
s d liu MIB tr li cc lnh v cc yu cu cho d liu MIB t
SNMP manager. SNMP agent cng c th pht ra cc yu cu c bit
(gi l traps) ti SNMP manager trong cc trng hp c bit, v d
nh cc yu cu khi ng lai h thng ngay lp tc.
Thit b 3 v 4 khng c SNMP, v th c mt thit b c bit gi
l proxy agent qun l chng. Proxy agent cha ng phn mm SNMP
agent v mt module MIB bin dch d liu t cc thit b c gn vo.
Proxy agent phi tp hp d liu t mi thit b bng mi cch c th,
v d nh cc
cng serial trn thit b, gim st cc giao tip hoc cc phng thc
khc.

53

Hnh 3.1. H thng SNMP n gin

Mt trong nhng li ch ln nht ca h thng SNMP l tp hp d liu


v cc chc nng hin th c th c t ng ha. D liu t mi thit b
c th c tp hp mt cch nh k phn tch mi hoat ng c th
xy ra. V d, SNMP thng c s dng tp hp d liu thc thi
mang nh s lng gi b mt v hin th n cho Network manager. Hin
tng nghn trn mt lin kt vt qu gii han, lin kt ny c th thay
i mu sc trn mn hnh Management console v c th bt u nhp
nhy. N s bo hiucho Network manager iu tra nguyn nhn ca
vic tc nghn v thc hin mt s hoat ng chnh xc hn, v d nh
gi i nhn vin sa cha hoc cu hnh lai mang gi cc gi theo mt
tuyn khc. Trong mi trng IPTV cc dang d liu c tp hp t
mang IPTV ri voba loai ring bit sau:
Cc cnh bo: Cc cnh bo s thng bo cho nhn vin k thut tai
trung tm d liu IPTV v hoat ng bt thng trn mang. Cc cnh bo
c s dng bi b phn k thut nhn dang ngun dch v b mt.
Tnh trng hin hnh: D liu cc tnh trang hin hnh ca mang c

54

tp hp lai trn c s thng thng xc nh cc thnh phn mang


IPTV c hoat ng hay khng.
Cc thng k: Cc thng k mang v d nh cc cp lu lng
mang c tp hp lai bi h thng qun l trn c s thng thng. Mang
IP c th thc thi tt hoc xu. D liu thng k c tp hp bi h thng
qun l, v nhn vin k thut s dng n ti u ha tin trnh thc
thi mang IPTV. Mang c ti u ha ci thin tc phn phi cho dch
v IPTV v VoD.
Cc ng dng v c s d liu c lu tr trn mt server v s dng
cc kt ni theo th t, cc giao tip dnh ring, hoc giao tip Ethernet
truyn thng tin vi cc thit b mang IPTV:
Cc server IPTV.
Thit b x l video trung tm d liu IPTV.
Thit b IPTVCD. Cc router IP. DSLAM.
H thng kt cui modem cp CMTS (Cable Modem
Termination
System)
Mi thit b c ti trc mt module phn mm agent qun l
NMP, chc nng chnh ca agent qun l l cung cp thng tin v thit
b thng tr c s thng tin qun l MIB. Thng tin trong ha cc
dang NMS khc nhau c th s dng c n.

55

Hnh 3.2 Lin kt h thng qun l mng IPTV

Hnh 3.2 m t thng tin gia server qun l SNMP v cc SNMP


agent da trn mt s lnh. Mt trong cc lnh l get v get next c nhn
t mang IPTV, SNMP agent thc hin lnh c yu cu v gi tr lai
thng tin c yu cu. Thm vo thng tin yu cu tp hp v tr li,
phn mm SNMP agent cng chu trch nhim gi cc cnh bo ngoi cc
lnh c bit nhn t SNMP manager. Cc cnh bo s dng cc trap,
mt SNMP agent c th thng bo cc s kin hoc cc li xut hin tai
cc router, cho php cc nh qun l IPTV c th qun l cc thit b mang.
3.1.2. Qun l thit b bng trnh duyt web
Qun l thit b bng trnh duyt web cho php mt thit b mang
vn c qun l t v tr khc thng qua s dng chun trnh duyt web.
Thng tin v thit b c hin th trong ca s chng trnh tm duyt, v
cc sa i cho hoat ng ca thit b hay cu hnh c th c thit lp
thng qua cc giao din ngi dng chun.
Mt s thit b s dng cc giao din IP cho hoat ng chun ca n,
u tin l chc nng web server. y l server cho php truy cp web t
xa thng tin vi b x l ca thit b cho mt s chc nng. Mt
trong rt nhiu chc nng c thc thi trn web server l qun l thit b.
Hnh 3.3 m t cc chc nng lm vic cng vi nhau.

56

Hnh 3.3 Cu trc qun l da trn trnh duyt web

Trong hnh 3.3 thit b pha bn tay phi l mt thit b mang, c th


l b m ho video MPEG vi mt kt ni IP, l mt switch vi port IP
qun l hoc mt s thit b khc. Phn mm bn trong thit b thc
hin chc nng web server, gim st port 80 t pha ti ca giao tip IP v
x l cc yu cu ca giao thc HTTP. Cc yu cu ny c th n t mt
s user khc nhau vi cc quyn truy cp khc nhau. p ng cc yu
cu ny, server s cung cp cc trang web c thit k theo yu cu cho
php user xem thng tin quan trng v thit b.
V d trong hnh 3.3 c ba lp truy cp c cung cp: nhn vin qun
l mang, nhn vin bo dng v user c xc thc. Nhn vin qun
l mang c ton quyn truy cp theo di mi mt ca thnh phn mang
v c th sa i cu hnh ca thit b. Nhn vin bo dng c th quan
st tt c cc trang thi v cu hnh ca thit b nhng khng th thay i
cu hnh. User c xc thc c th b gii han v quyn quan st cc
trang thi ca thit b v khng c php thay i cu hnh. Cc lp truy
cp khc nhau thng cthc hin chung trn phn mm web server

57

thng qua vic s dng username v password c truyn dn trn cc kt


ni m bo (HTTPS). Qun l da trn trnh duyt web c li cho
vic qun l mt mang bao gm nhiu thit b phn tn trn pham vi
rng trong thc t khi mang chia s phc tap.
3.1. Qun l ci t
Do s phc tap v vic la chn cc sn phm c th c trn mang,
vic ci t, qun l cc s c ca dch v v mt s l do trc tip ca kt
cui dch v c th l thch thc c bit v x l tn km cho cc nh
khai thc mang trn ton cu. Vic ci t mang IPTV c th bao gm
rt nhiu cng vic khc nhau, trong phn ny trnh by mt s ci t
chung nh sau:

Phn phi a ch: Trong thc t, cc ngun video c c nh cc

a ch IP, v th cc thit b IPTVCD c th xc nh chng. Vic phn


phi a ch IP c ni r hn trong phn tip theo.

Ci t ngun video: y l cng vic thc hin sm nht trong tin

trnh ci t v th cc thit b c th c kim tra vi video thc khi


chng c ci t. Cc ngun multicast thng cn bng thng thp
hn so vi cc ngun unicast gi bn sao lung video ti mi thit b
ngi xem.
Ci t cc phn mm client: Hu ht cc phn mm media player
mt ph u t ci t, v hu ht cc PC c kh nng ci bng tay cc
chng trnh ny.
Ci t cc phn cng client: Khi cc b gii m IP-STB hoc cc
thit b client c ci t, mt s nh cung cp dch v quyt nh a
nhn vin k thut ti nh khc hng. iu ny cho php cc cng vic
kim tra mang c thc hin y v cc h tr khc c ci t chnh

58

xc.
Cu hnh mutlicast: Nu phng thc multicast c s dng trong
IPTV, mt phn ca tin trnh ci t phi kim tra lai tt c cc thit b
mang c kh nng tao lung multicast. Tin trnh ny c th yu cu
phn mm hoc cc chng trnh nng cp phn cng trong cc thit b
mang, v d nh cc router.
Cu hnh h tng qun l mng: Mt ci tin ln ca cc mang
IPTV trn nn IP l cc mang vt l ging nhau c th c s
dng gi v nhn cc lnh qun l mang v truyn dn video, vi iu
kin l c cung cp kh nng thng tin hai chiu (two-way).
Qun l vic di di v lp rp thit b: Mi ln cc thit b c di
di hoc lp t lai th cn phi cu hnh lai h thng m bo
khng c cc thng bo li v v tr vt l ca thit b.

3.2. Gim st thc thi v kim tra mng


Gim st thc thi l quan st qu trnh vn hnh ca mang c c
cc hoat ng chnh xc. Tt c cc loai vn hnh u c th c gim
st, t vic m cc li trn mt lin kt d liu cho ti vic theo di s
lng ngi xem ni dung cng mt lc. Nu tin trnh thc thi khng at
c cc yu cu quy nh trc th cc cnh bo s c pht ra phc
v cho vic d on cc li sm nht c th.
Thng thng, vic gim st l trch nhim c thc hin bi nhiu
thnh phn. u tin cc thit b s thu thp s liu v cc hoat ng ca
chnh bn thn mi thit b, v h thng qun l tp trung s bin dch cc
d liu ny phn tch nh k. Trong mt s h thng, d liu c
lu tr trn mi thit b v ch c s dng khi nhn vin k thut h
thng quyt nh nhn n. Sau , b x l tp trung s phn tch d liu

59

liu ti v thng bo cho nhn vin k thut khi thit b li. Mt s dang
d liu c thu thp v phn tch bi h thng gim st thc thi nh sau:
Li bit: Mt s loai mang bao gm mt byte kim tra tng hoc kim
tra chn l s ch ra cc bit hoc cc gi tin b thay i.
Li bit: Mt s loai mang bao gm mt byte kim tra tng hoc kim
tra chn l s ch ra cc bit hoc cc gi tin b thay i.
Cc gi mt: Trong trng hp nghn mang, mt s thit b s khng
gi c ht s gi, v th lung tn hiu s b mt cc gi . Thng qua
vic gim st s lng gi b mt tai cc v tr khc nhau trong mang,
cc nh khai thc mang s xc nh c dung lng cn tng ln, s
lng router cn xy dng thm cho dch v hoc cc lin kt cn phi
c bo dng.
Cc trng thi ca thu bao: Tt c cc loai d liu thu thp v thu
bao c phn tch xc nh xem c vn g xy ra vi cc kt ni t
pha
thu bao hay khng, t sm pht cnh bo v cc s c trn mang.
Cc hot ng ng nhp ca user : D liu ny c th ch ra cc
user ang gp s c khi truy cp h thng hoc user gian ln v quyn
truy cp, v d nh c nhiu user ging nhau truy cp vo h thng tai
nhiu v tr khc nhau trong cng mt thi im.
Gim st h thng bo an: Thng qua vic thu thp d liu v qu
trnh thc thi ca h thng bo an, cc nh khai thc c th xc nh
cc firewall ang lm vic chnh xc, cc ngun tn cng mang t bn
trong hoc bn ngoi, cung cp cc cnh bo v virus. Thng tin ny cng
c th c s dng sau khi mt l thng bo an c xc nh tm ra

60

cch ngn nga cc s c bo an trong tng lai.


Vic gim st thc thi lm vic ngn nga cc s c mang do mt vi
thit b c hin tng gim hiu sut thc thi trc khi chng ngng hoat
ng hon ton. H thng trung tm d liu IPTV c tao nn bi nhiu
thnh phn phc tap v ngy cng nhiu dch v hn, v th vn cc
v mang phi c pht hin v gii quyt nhanh hn. tng ti a thi
gian chay h thng v m bo cc dch v c phn phi ti khch
hng vi cht lng cao nht, th vn gim st v kim tra cn c
tin hnh trn c s ha tng mang. Vic gim st cht ch mang IPTV s
c mt s li ch sau:
Cho php cc nh qun l mang nhn ra cc kiu lu lng mang, t
cho bit s t qung hoc s gim st cht lng hnh nh sp xy ra.
Vic pht hin ra cc vn tim tng lm gim bt kh nng xy ra
cc oan t qung ln hoc gim st t ngt cht lng video.
Sa cha ngay lp tc s t qung mang d l nh nht.
Mang n cho nhm k thut kh nng c tnh pham vi s c
mang khi n xut hin. Cp nguy him ca s c s ra lnh cho
cc ti nguyn no c s dng xc nh v tr s c. V d, nu s
c gim st nh trong cht lng tn hiu video th chin lc sa cha
s c s khc so vi cc li ca server VoD tai trung tm d liu IPTV.
m bo cc user IPTV xem c cht lng cao, c th tin hnh
mt s kim tra cc thnh phn mang IPTV nh sau:
Thit b truy cp: Thng tin hnh kim tra cc thnh phn phn cng
v phn mm c ci t gn nht, cc user IPTV c th c
xem vi cht lng nh mong i v ti u ha vic phn phi cc dch
v IPTV a im v n im. Cc ni dung tin hnh kim tra bao gm:

61

Kim tra tc d liu di chuyn trong mang thit b truy cp thu


bao.
nh gi cc li v cc vn thc thi xut hin do giao thc IP, cc
lp ng gi v vn chuyn video ca m hnh thng tin IPTV.
Mng li IP: Thng tin hnh kim tra tt c phn mm v phn cng
c s dng phn phi cc dch v IPTV. Cc thng s cu hnh mang
c th lun thay i, khi c nh hng ti cc lung IPTV c phn
phi. V th cc nh qun l mang phi tin hnh kim tra nh k cc
cp thc thi lung thng tin khi c s thay i xut hin trn mang.
Cc thay i c th xut pht t vic mang c thm mt switch hay c
s thay i firmware ca cc thit b.
Thit b trung tm d liu IPTV: Cc thit b khc nhau c ci t tai
trung tm d liu IPTV cn c kim tra y m bo n c kh
nng phn phi nhiu dch v IPTV ti s lng ln thit b IPTVCD mt
cch chc chn v hiu sut cao. K hoach kim tra cng cn thc hin
thng xuyn trn ni dung cung cp bi cc nh cung cp ni dung
m bo at c cc cp cht lng vi cc thng s tha thun.
Thit b IPTVCD: Kim tra cc thit b IPTVCD bit cc thit b
IPTVCD no c s dng cung cp cho user truy cp cc dch v. Cc
loai kim tra tin hnh trn thit b IPTVCD c th thay i theo cc
knh c yu cu bi ngi xem, cc knh ny c iu khin t xa,
l cc knh thc t nhn c m bo thi gian thay i knh khi
s lng thu bao kt ni ti cc server IPTV ln.
3.4. Qun l v d phng
Dch v IPTV c cc yu cu v kh dng v tin cy. ngn
nga cc hin tng lm t qung vic cung cp dch v th cc thit b

62

mang v thit b trung tm d liu IPTV cn c h tr vic thay th


nhanh chng cc thit b gp s c. Thi gian cn thit thay th s ch l
vi ms m bo s c khng nh hng ti dch v. Cc cp
d phng ca phn cng v phn mm i khi c cc nh cung cp
dng gim thiu nh hng ca vic t qung dch v ln cc thu bao
IPTV.

Hnh 3.4 Thit k mng h tr d phng

Hnh 3.4 miu t thit k mang h tr mt cp d phng c


ci tin tai trung tm d liu IPTV cng nh bn thn mang. Mang c
miu t bao gm mt s c tnh d phng sau:
Topology mang ring i xng c s dng truyn ti lu lng
IPTV tai li mang.
V th khi lin kt b t tai bt k ch no trong mang ring th lu
lng IPTV s c nh tuyn i theo hng ngc lai trong mang ring.
Cc thnh phn ha tng mang c lp t song song hai thit b.
Trong v d ny, VoD server, server streaming multicast IPTV v b m
ha u c hai thit b.
Router phn phi d phng cng c lp t m bo router
sn sng truyn ti nu mt trong hai thit b gp s c.

63

Mi b m ha c hai cng ra.


Mt s lin kt d phng cng c sn sng gia router phn phi
v cc router bin phc v s lng ln user u cui.
Cc cp d phng c xy dng khi thit k mang IPTV s ph
thuc vo loai dch v IPTV c trin khai trn mang. Cc h thng
bo dng tinh vi thng c cc nh cung cp s dng theo di
cc hoat ng bo dng hng ngy v hng tun. Ngoi cc hoat ng bo
dng theo di, h thng ny cng duy tr cc chi tit d phng sn sng
cho php cc nh qun l mang IPTV phn tch v ln k hoach bo dng
trong tng lai.
3.5. Qun l khng gian a ch IP
Vic phn phi cc a ch IP s lun l vn vi cc mang c
thit k truyn ti dch v. V d, trong mi trng triple-play n c th
cu hnh cc IP subnet khc nhau cho mi dch v voice, truy cp Internet
v IPTV. N cng c kh nng thit k mt lc a ch IP h tr
vic chia s cc thit b ha tng mang nh qun l DSN, OSS v cc DHCP
server cho tt c cc dch v. Mt khi lc a ch IP c cu hnh trn
cc thit b c chia s, th n c th chia IP subnet hoc pool a ch cho
cc ti nguyn mang phn phi dch v triple-play. V d, VoD server
v IP-STB tai nh thu bao u c cu hnh nh l mt phn ca subnet
dch v IPTV. Vic phn phi a ch IP trong mang IPTV l trch nhim
ca DHCP server.
DHCP l chc nng c yu cu trong mt s cng ty mang v cc
nh cung cp dch v Internet ISP (Internet Service Provider). Vi DHCP,
mt my tnh ch s dng duy nht mt a ch IP truy cp Internet.
DHCP cng c tc dng khi ng dng trong mang IPTV. s dng

64

DHCP, mi thit b IPTVCD phi tm DHCP server trong mang


bng cch pht broadcast mt yu cu ti tt c cc thit b. Khi
DHCP server nhn c yu cu, n s chn mt a ch IP ang sn sng
c s dng v gi tr lai thit b IPTVCD yu cu. DHCP cung cp
cho cc nh qun l mang IPTV
mt s thun li sau:
Bng vic s dng DHCP, tt c cc chi tit cu hnh cn thit cho
IPTVCD c b tr trc m khng cn user c bit v cc chi tit
khng.
Khng cn phi cu hnh cho mi thit b mt a ch IP c nh.
DHCP tp trung ha vic qun l a ch IP.
Vic ci t DHCP server t ng phn phi cc a ch IP cho cc
thit b trn mang IPTV thng khng phc tap.
DHCP c th nh r mt dy a ch IP sn sng c dng cho
tng vng ring bit.
C th tch hp DHCP v OSS h tr vic cung cp cc dch v
IPTV mi.
3.6. X l cc s c IPTV
Cc s c gp phi ca thu bao IPTV vi cc dch v thng c
thng bo bng cch gi ti b phn dch v khch hng.Vic x l s
c mang IPTV tng t nh x l s c cc ng dng trn nn IP khc.
Trc ht, s c cn c c lp, v s ph thuc vo bn cht v pham
vi ca s c. Tip theo s l sa cha s c, vic sa cha s c thng
at c kt qu tt bng cch thay i cu hnh hoc thay th thnh

65

phn b li trn mang. Hu ht cc li trn cc mang IPTV ri vo 5


vng sau:
Mng: Cc li c th xut hin trong cc thnh phn khc nhau ca mang.
Nhn vin k thut IPTV thng s dng b nh hi (sniffer)
kho st d liu i qua mang cn hoat ng. B phn tch giao thc
thng c mt PC, mt card mang v mt ng dng phn tch cc s c
trn mang. Vic phn tch mang trong thi gian thc gip pht hin v gii
quyt cc li mang v cc s c nhanh hn.
Cc server backend: Cc phn mm server c bit thng c s dng
x l cc s c xut hin trn server.
Thit b IPTVCD: tin cy cao l iu c mong i t cc thit b
IPTVCD nh b gii m STB v cc thit b gateway. V th cc nh cung
cp dch v IPTV pht trin cc h thng tinh vi tp hp cc bn tin
li t thit b IPTVCD v s dng thng tin x l cc s c c th
xut hin trn dch v IPTV. Cc s c thng thng bao gm cc vn
v b nh m, cc trc trc v phn cng v li phn mm. Khi vng
s c c nhn bit giai oan tip theo l gii quyt s c, c th
bao gm cc hnh ng sau:
Thay i cu hnh ci cho thit b IPTVCD.
Thng bo qua in thoai cc s c xy ra cho ngi s dng v
cung cp cc lnh gii quyt s c.
Cng c th s dng e-mail b sung thng tin v cc lnh.
Khi cc s c khng gii quyt c qua in thoai th nhn vin
k thut bt buc phi ti nh khch hng.
V cui cng khng gii quyt s c bng cc hnh ng trn ta

66

nh
phi thay th thit b mi.
Mng trong nh khch hng: Cc s c nh ng i dy trong nh b
hng, cp km cht lng, virus, ci t a ch IP khng ng v driver
khng ph hp tt c u c th tc ng ti dch v IPTV. H thng
qun l t xa kt hp vi in thoai hoc e-mail h tr thng c s
dng x l cc s c xut hin trn mang trong nh khch hng.
Nh cung cp ni dung bn ngoi: Vic tip nhn ni dung l nhng
video c m ha km cht lng tao nn cc s c v truyn dn. Khi s
c c nhn bit nh cung cp th 3 ny cn c thng bo v x l
s c.
3.7. Qun l quyn ni dung s
Qun l quyn ni dung s DRM (Digital Right Management) l mt tp
hp cc nh ngha v cc c ch c s dng iu khin truy cp ni
dung thng qua vic mt m hoc cc phng php khc. DRM lun lun l
mt yu cu s dng trong vic cung cp ni dung video thi gian gn
y trn h thng phn phi IPTV cng nh h thng truyn hnh cp v
truyn hnh v tinh. Cc chnh sch DRM c th rt cht ch hoc cng c
th rt bung lng; quyn s hu ni dung xc nh cc chnh sch
kim sot. Mt khi cc chnh sch ny c xc nh, trch nhim ca h
thng DRM l lm cho cc chnh sch ny c hiu lc. Trn hnh 3.5 l m
hnh khi n gin ca mt h
thng DRM.

67

Hnh 3.5: M hnh khi h thng DRMn gin.

Trong h thng DRM thc t cho h thng VoD, quyn s hu ni dung


c hai nhim v. u tin, ni dung phi c phn phi ti mt server
m bo, ni dung c th c truy cp da trn cc yu cu ca
ngi xem. Th hai, cc quy nh cho ngi xem phi c nh r. V
d, ngi xem tr mt gi ch c th xem ni dung ca mt lung, ngc
lai th c mt s ngi c th download ni dung v xem n trong mt
khong thi gian no . H thng DRM lm cc quy nh c hiu lc
i vi quyn s hu ni dung, n cn c cp nht nhng ngi tham
gia vo v ri khi h thng. H thng DRM chu trch nhim m bo
chc chn ng i xem tr tin cho ni dung m h yu cu. Ch
rng, DRM cng c th c s dng cho ni dung min ph, bo v ni
dung trnh vic sao chp v bn lai khng c xc th
3.8. Qun l cht lng dch v QoS
Cht lng dch v QoS l tp hp cc ch tiu c trng cho yu cu
ca tng loai lu lng c th trn mang bao gm: tr jitter, t l
mt gi Cc ch tiu ny lin quan n lng bng thng dnh cho
mang.
vic ng b tn hiu c th thc hin c mang buc phi
c qun l cht ch v cht lng dch v. thc hinvic c qun
l cht lng dch v cn thit phi c:
Chnh sch m bo cht lng dch v (QoS policy).

68

Cc c ch m bo cht lng dch v tai cc nt mang: Cc thut


ton xp hng (queuing), c ch nh hnh lu lng (traffic shapping), cc
c ch ti u ha ng truyn, cc thut ton d on v trnh tc
nghn
Phng thc bo hiu QoS.

Hnh 3.6: Qun l cht lng dch v QoS.

Chnh sch QoS c vach ra mong mun thc hin v qun l cht lng
dch v theo k hoach c th v thng qua h thng bo hiu QoS ra
lnh cho cc c ch chp hnh tai cc nt mang thc hin nhim v .
3.8.1. kh dng ca mng
kh dng ca mang l mt n v o phn thi gian mang sn
sng c s dng bi khch hng. Mt mang c gi l khng kh dng
khi n khng th s dng cho cc lu lng khch hng, do mang mt
cc kt ni hon ton hoc t l li cao qu mc. Cc kt ni mang mt
hon ton xut hin khi cc kt ni khng c kh nng hoat ng, l khi
cp quang b t hoc mt ngun tai mt thit b no . Mt t l li cao

69

3
qu mc thng c nh ngha l t l li 10 ngha l c mt bit li
trong 1000 bit c pht i, n cng c th n n mt li trong gi.
Trong thc t, kh dng ca mang c o bng t l phn trm
ca tng s thi gian mang sn sng c s dng trn tng s thi gian
o ac. V d, mt nh cung cp cam kt t l kh dng ca mang l
99,99%, hay thi gian dch v khng kh dng l 52 pht trong mt
nm. Tuy nhin, xt cho cng khong thi gian mang khng kh dng c
th c tnh, v thc cht thi gian khng vi pham cam kt cp dch
v SLA.
3.8.2 Phn lp dch v
Phn lp dch v c s dng a ra cc dang d liu ca cc
lp cp dch v khc nhau truy cp ti nguyn mang. Cc nh qun tr
mang IPTV c th n nh cc lp dch v khc nhau vo cc loai ng
dng khc nhau, ty thuc vo cp thc thi cn thit. Trong mi trng
IPTV s c th t cc lung video phn phi cho thu bao, v d liu
video cn ti ch mt cch mt m, lin tip. Trn mang truyn dn c
nhiu loai lu lng, do at c mc ch trn mt phng thc c
s dng l n nh phn lp dch v cho lu lng video. Khi , n ra
lnh cho router hoc thit b mang khc a ra quyn u tin cho cc gi
tin ny.
Trn hnh 3.6 trnh by ba hng i quyn u tin khc nhau; chng
ta s gi ba quyn u tin ln lt l cao, trung bnh v thp. Cc hng i
ny hoat ng nh sau: cc gi tin mi i vo pha sau ca hng i v
i cho n khi chng tin ln pha u ca hng i trc khi c
pht i. Trong trng hp ny, tt c hng i ang ua tranh, nhng
ch c mt u ra n, v th cn phi n nh cc quy lut hoat ng:

70

Tai mi thi im u ra sn sng c s dng, mt gi tin c


chn t mt trong ba hng. Nu khng c gi tin no sn sng trong cc
hng th gi tin rng (null) s c gi.
Nu mt gi tin sn sng trong hng c quyn u tin cao th n
c gi ngay lp tc.
Nu khng c gi tin sn sng trong hng c quyn u tin cao v
mt gi tin sn sng nm trong mt trong hai hng cn lai (khng ng
thi trong hai hng) th gi tin s c gi.
Nu khng c gi tin no sn sng trong hng c quyn u tin v
cc gi tin sn sng u nm trong c hai hng cn lai, th cc gi tin s
c gi theo t l 3 gi tin hng c quyn u tin trung bnh ti 1 gi trong
hng c quyn u tin thp.
Qua v d ny chng ta c th thy tai sao mang c th khng gi lung
video ln hoc cc gi tin s dng hng c quyn u tin cao v n s rt
kh cho cc gi tin khc mun i qua. Vic gi video vi quyn u tin
thp cng khng thch hp v s c cc gi tin s c hin th trong khi
cc gi khc ang c x l. Quyn u tin trung bnh c th l la chn
cho video, v hu ht lu lng nonvideo c tao quyn u tin thp. Cc
gi tin c quyn u tin thp c th tr hon, c gi bi cc router khc
nhau, trong trng hp xu nht khi mang b nghn cp cao nht, b
xa do khng dc phn phi. Vic cc gi tin b xa cng c th xut
hin nu router s dng loai b ngu nhin gi cc hng khi b trn.

71

Hnh 3.7 V d s dng ba hng i c quyn u tin

3.8.3. Cc cam kt cp dch v


Cc cam kt cp dch v SLA (Service-Level Agreement) l hp
ng gia nh cung cp dch v v khch hng v cc chi tit cht lng
dch v c cung cp. SLA c th bao gm cc c tnh v chc nng ca
mt s loai dch v t thoai cho ti VoD. SLA c n gin ho bng
mt bng k khai cc cam kt, bng k khai ny ghi r gi tr chi tit
cc dch v vin thng phi a ra. Cc dch v trong bng k khai phi
c a ra cho tt c khch hng. Bng k khai i khi cn bao gm cc
cp dch v m nh cung cp a ra. Mt s nh ngha trong bng k
khai SLA nh sau:
kh dng (%): T l thi gian dch v sn sng s dng, t
l
ny trong SLA thng l 99% hoc ln hn.
T l phn phi gi(%): T l gi c phn phi ti ch trn
tng s gi gi i. Ch , t l ny c th c o trung bnh hng thng
v da trn d liu mu, khng da trn tng s gi c gi i. Trong
SLA t l ny l 99% hoc ln hn.
T l mt gi(%): Ngc lai vi t l phn phi gi, y l s gi b
mt trn tng s gi gi i. Trong SLA t l ny l 1% hoc thp hn.
tr mng (ms): y l ch s tng s thi gian trung bnh cc
gi

72

d liu b gi khi truyn qua mang. Ch , ch s ny c th ch tnh


gia cc im mang bn trong mang ca nh cung cp; v n c th
khng bao gm thi gian cn thit d liu i vo hoc ri khi mang.
V cng cn ch rng, php o ny c th da trn cc d liu mu v
tnh trung bnh hng tun hoc hng thng.
tr jitter (ms): y l ch s khng c kh nng xut hin trong
hu ht cc SLA. y l tham s ch thc s quan trng cho cc ng
dng tao lung video v VoIP.
Thi gian p ng dch v (gi): y l tng s thi gian ln nht
t khi s c mang c thng bo cho ti khi nh cung cp sn sng
bt u sa cha s c. Thi gian ny c th thay i ph thuc vo
thi im trong ngy v c th bao gm thi gian truyn dn t pha nh
cung cp ti v tr ca khch hng.
i vi cc dch v video, cc t l mt gi l ch yu. Khi t l mt gi
khong 1%, video tr nn rt kh phn phi mt cch mt m.
tr mang cng c th cn c xem xt, nhng n thng xut hin trong
video tng tc. tr jitter s nh hng ti tt c video v s c kim
sot mt cch cht ch.

CHNG 4: TNH HNH PHT TRIN H THNG


IPTV TI VIT NAM
Trong thi ai cng ngh thng tin hin nay, con ngi vi trnh
dn tr ngy cng cao cho nn s i hi v nhu cu gii tr cng cao, t
dch v IPTV ra i vi cc tnh nng vt tri s mang lai cho con

73

ngi cm nhn mi v truyn hnh m ch c dch v IPTV mi c th


p ng c so vi cc cng ngh khc hin tai, cng vi chi phi gi
thnh thp do IPTV s pht trin manh m v l dch v truyn hnh s
mt trong tng lai khng xa.
IPTV c c hi rt ln pht trin nhanh chng khi m mang bng
rng c mt khp mi ni v hin nay c trn 100 triu h gia nh
s dng dch v bng rng trn ton cu. Rt nhiu nh cung cp dch v
vin thng ln trn th gii ang trin khai thm d IPTV v xem nh mt
c hi mi thu li nhun t th trng hin c ca h v coi nh mt
gii php t bo v trc s ln sn ca cc dch v truyn hnh cp.
Tai th trng cung cp dch v Vit Nam, dch v IPTV bt u
c th nghim cung cp vi mt s dch v c bn.
4.1. Tnh hnh pht trin dch v IPTV ton cu
Ngay t gia nhng nm 2000, cc nh khai thc vin thng v cung
cp dch v Internet (ISP) Ty u trin khai cc dch v IPTV u tin
s dng ADSL2/2+ bng rng, v sau chng bt u c trin khai tai
hu ht cc quc gia pht trin, ni m c ADSL2/2+ hay cc ha tng bng
rng. Nm 2007, Verizon v AT&T trin khai thnh cng dch v IPTV
M s dng cng ngh cp quang ko ti nh (Fibre To The Home FTTH) v ng dy thu bao s tc rt cao (Very High Speed Digital
Subscriber Line - VDSL2).
C th ni, IPTV l mt dch v hp dn i vi c cc nh khai thc
vin thng v cc ISP bi 2 l do chnh. Th nht, IPTV tao ra mt ngun
doanh thu hon ton mi b lai s st gim doanh thu ca cc dch v
thoai v d liu truyn thng. Th hai, n gip gim s thay i ca khch
hng thng qua vic tch hp cc dch v truyn thng v gii tr.

74

Tng trng doanh thu trn ton th gii cho cc dch v IPTV trong
nm nm tip theo s tng nhanh hn trong nhng khng gian truyn hnh
tr tin ton cu tng th, d bo th trng pht hnh th t cho bit .

Ngun: Digital TV research Ltd


Hnh 4.1. Top 10 quc gia c doanh thu truyn hinh k thut s hng u vo nm
2017

IPTV ton cu c thm 100 triu thu bao. Bao gm 97 quc gia , s
lng nh tr tin cho IPTV s tng tc chng mt n 167 triu vo
cui nm 2018, tng t 69 triu vo cui nm 2012 v t ch c 13 triu
vo cui nm 2008, theo mt bo co mi t cng ty chuyn nghin cu
truyn hnh k thut s .

75

Hnh 4.2. D bo IPTV ton cu

Simon Murray, tc gi ca bo co d bo ton cu IPTV , cho bit: "


iu ny c ngha rng IPTV thm nhp vo h gia nh xem truyn hnh
s vt qu 10 % vo nm 2018, tng hn gp i con s nm 2012 v tng
so vi ch 1% trong nm 2008 doanh thu IPTV. [ T ng k gi c bn v
theo yu cu ] s tng ln 21,3 t USD vo nm 2018, tng t $ 12,0 t
USD trong nm 2012 v 2,8 t USD nm 2008. "T 98 triu thu bao s
c thm vo gia nm 2012 v nm 2018, 71 triu s c thm trong
khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng tng ng 73 % s thu bao mi .
Chu Thi Bnh Dng s chim 64% tng s thu bao IPTV ton cu
vo nm 2018.

Hnh 4.3. Nhm 5 quc gia dn u v s thu bao chi tr cho IPTV.

76

Mt na trong s 10 quc gia hng u ca thu bao IPTV l trong khu


vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng vo cui nm 2012. c cc nh lnh
ao th gii , Trung Quc s cung cp 76 triu (46% ) trong tng s nm
2018, tng t 23 triu (33%) trong nm 2012 v ch 1,1 triu (8%) vo cui
nm 2008 . n s ng gp 4,7 triu thu bao IPTV vo nm 2018 ,
tng so vi ch 153.000 vo cui nm 2012.
Tng trng manh cng s Nga. Doanh thu IPTV s tng ln 21,3 t
USD vo nm 2018 , tng t 12,0 t USD vo nm 2012 v 2,8 t USD
nm 2008 c phn ca tng s ton cu ca khu vc chu Thi Bnh
Dng s tng t 13 % nm 2008 ln 34% vo nm 2018 - ch ng sau
Bc M. T doanh thu 9,3 t USD s c tao ra gia nm 2012 v 2018,
M s ng gp 1,9 t USD. Khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng s ng
gp thm 4,0 t USD , ng u l Trung Quc (1,7 t USD tr ln) v
Nht Bn (1,1 t USD). M tip tc c ngun doanh thu IPTV ln nht
bng cch ly 30 % tng s doanh thu nm 2018 (gim t 40% c phn
trong nm 2008 ). Php s ri t v tr th hai vo nm 2012 xung th t
vo nm 2018. Trung Quc s mt v tr th hai vo nm 2018 , vi doanh
thu gn gp bn ln con s nm 2012.
4.2. Gii thiu dch v- sn phm IPTV ca VNPT
4.2.1. Gii thiu dch v
Dch v IPTV ca VNPT, do VASC trc tip xy dng v trin khai trn
pham vi ton quc vi tn gi thng mai MyTV, l sn phm ca s hi
t, ch vi mt thit b u cui khch hng c th s dng rt nhiu dch
v khc nhau qua chic tivi.

77

Hnh 4.4. Dch v- sn phm MyTv

Cc dich v c cung cp trn h thng IPTV


Dich v truyn hinh trn Internet: mang n cho khch hng nhng

knh truyn hnh c sc trong nc v quc t cng vi cc tnh nng u


vit khi s dng dch v: Tam dng, Hng dn chng trnh in t,
Kha chng trnh khng dnh cho tr em, Lu tr.

Hnh 4.5. Dch v truyn hnh trn internet

78

Dich v cung cp ni dung theo yu cu: (hay cn gi l dch v a


phng tin) cung cp cho khch hng kh nng yu cu ni dung vo mt
thi im bt k thch hp cho khch hng. Ni dung theo yu cu s c
qun l n tng thu bao theo thi im s dng, thi gian s dng hoc
s ln s dng. Dch v theo yu cu rt phong ph v th loai: Phim theo
yu cu, Truyn hnh theo yu cu, m nhac theo yu cu, Karaoke theo
yu cu, Game theo yu cu.

Hnh 4.6. Dch v theo yu cu

Dich v tng tc v gi tri gia tng: bao gm cc th loai: Chc nng tua
i - tua lai, tam dng, lu tr. Dch v gi v nhn th qua TV, Dch v tin
nhn qua TV, Dch v in thoai thy hnh, Dch v hi ngh truyn hnh,
Dch v c bo trn TV, Dch v thng tin qua truyn hnh.

79

Hnh 4.7. Dch v tng tc v gi tr gia tng

Dich v truyn hinh tng tc MyTV

MyTV - dch v truyn hnh a phng tin c pht trin da trn cng
ngh IPTV mang n cho khch hng hnh thc gii tr khc bit:
TRUYN HNH THEO YU CU.
S dng dch v MyTV, khch hng khng ch dng lai vic xem truyn
hnh n thun m c th xem bt c chng trnh no mnh yu thch vo
bt k thi im no v s dng nhiu dch v khc qua mn hnh tivi nh:
xem phim theo yu cu, ht karaoke, chi game, nghe nhac,
s dng dch v MyTV, ngoi mn hnh tivi tai nh, khch hng cn c:
- ng truyn ADSL ca VNPT.
- B gii m Set top box.

80

Hnh 4.8. B gii m STB ca MyTv

Dch v MyTV cung cp cho khch hng cc dch v vi nhiu chuyn


mc v tnh nng c o nh: Dch v Truyn hnh (Live TV); Dch v
Tam dng (Time shift TV TSTV); Dch v Lu tr (Network Personal
Video Recorder - NPVR); Dch v Tr tin theo tng chuyn mc (Instant
Pay Per View IPPV); Sng pht thanh trc tuyn; Truyn hnh theo yu
cu (TV on Demand); Phim truyn; Ca nhac; Karaoke; Games; Dch v
chia s nh v video clips, Thng tin cn bit (T-information); Tip th
truyn hnh (T-Marketing); Qung co (Advertising); ...
4.2.2. Sn phm- dch v ca MyTV
MyTV truyn hnh
MyTV - Phim truyn
MyTV - Phong cch sng
MyTV - Th thao
Nhp cu MyTV
MyTV - Game

81

MyTV - c truyn
MyTV - Sc khe & lm p
MyTV - Kt qu x s
MyTV - Thng tin cn bit
MyTV - Tin tc
MyTV - o tao t xa
MyTV - Tip th truyn hnh
MyTV - Pht thanh
MyTV - Chia s hnh nh
MyTV - Gio dc o tao
4.3. Gii thiu dch v- sn phm IPTV ca FPT
OneTV l dch v Truyn hnh tng tc u tin tai Vit Nam do Cng
ty C phn Vin Thng FPT (FPT Telecom) th nghim v cung cp.
OneTV c nng cp ton din v h thng v ni dung trn c s dch v
truyn hnh tng tc iTV. Tn hiu truyn hnh c truyn qua ha tng
Internet bng rng, thng qua b gii m truyn thng ln tivi. Ngoi tnh
nng truyn hnh thng thng, dch v OneTV cn cung cp nhiu tin ch
gii tr tt c trong mt. OneTV tch hp cc cng c mang x hi
ngi dng khng ch nhn cc ni dung m cn c th ch ng chia s
ni dung ca h vi ban b, cng ng thng qua h thng kt ni c
xy dng trn rt nhiu dch v ni dung ca FPT.

82

Hnh 4.9. Dch v truyn hnh OneTV

- Truyn hinh: 75 knh truyn hnh trong v ngoi nc c sc, chn lc,
trong min ph 30 knh truyn hnh. c bit, vi tnh nng Truyn hnh
xem lai ngi dng c th xem lai chng trnh truyn hnh pht trong
vng 48 gi ca 10 knh VTV1, VTV2, VTV3, HTV2, HTV3, HTV7,
HTV9, Vnh Long 1, Thun Vit, HTVC-Movies, bt c lc no, m
khng cn l thuc vo lch pht sng ca i.

Hnh 4.10. Phim trn knh HBO

83

- Phim HBO (HBO On Demand): Dch v Phim chn lc ca knh HBO


vi cc th loai phim v s lng phim c cp nht mi tun. Mt c
im ti u khc l ngi xem c th chn xem bt c phim no tai bt c
thi im no mnh thch m khng ph thuc lch pht sng ca knh.
- Gio Dc o To n Thi i Hc: Dch v cung cp hn 900 bi
ging da trn gio trnh mi nht ca cc mn chun b cho k thi ai hc
sp ti nh: Ton, L, Ha, Vn, S, a, Ting Anh v Sinh Hc. Cng
vi kho thi trc nghim ca cc mn nh: Ha, Sinh hc, Ting Anh.
- Youtube: Xem video trn Youtube theo t kha m ban mun.
- Nhc S :Thng thc kho nhac phong ph gn mt triu bn nhac, video
ca nhac t mang x hi m nhac NhacSo.net.

Hnh 4.11. Mc phim truyn trn Onetv

- Phim truyn: Kho phim MI, phong ph, th loai, lin tc c cp


nht hng tun.
- Thiu nhi: Th gii mun mu ca cc thin thn nh tui t phim khoa
hc, hoat hnh n ca nhac,

84

- Ting Anh cho b: Dnh cho cc b t 3 n 10 tui vi: Phng php


hc trc quan sinh ng;
+ Kt hp hi ha gia chi v hc
+ Gip vic hc ting Anh at hiu qu cao nht

Hnh 4.12. Dch v ca nhc trn Onetv

- Ca nhc: Sn khu si ng vi cc album nhac ca cc ca s ni ting,


cc s kin m nhac.
- Vn ha - Th thao: Cc s kin nh m trn th gii v trong nc
trong cc lnh vc vn ho thi trang, th thao.
- Th gin: Gm nhng clip ngn vi mc ch mang lai nhng giy pht
gii tr th v, gip khn gi qun i nhng mt mi hng ngy.
- c bo: Mang n cho Qu khch nhng thng tin bo ch nng hi.
Vi ngun thng tin trc tip t VNExpress, cc thng tin c cp nht
hng gi m bo thng tin nng nht.
4.4. Gii thiu dch v- sn phm IPTV ca VTC
Hp gii tr tng tc a phng tin ZTV l mt thit b thng tin gii

85

tr a chc nng thuc th h thng minh do Cng ty Truyn hnh Di ng


VTC Tng Cng ty Truyn thng a phng tin Vit Nam thit k, tch
hp cng ngh v trin khai dch v. L thit b HybridTV, s dng song
song 2 ha tng truyn dn v tinh v internet, vi ZTV, ln u tin tai Vit
Nam, khn gi c th tri nghim nhng dch v truyn hnh, dch v thng
tin gii tr thng minh cng nh s dng cc tnh nng c bn ca mt
chic my tnh c nhn ni mang internet ngay trn mt mn hnh TV
thng

thng.

Khng ch l 1 thit b c h iu hnh thuc th h thng minh, ZTV


cn c trang b 1 lp dch v thng tin gii tr in t da trn nn tng
in ton m my. Do , thit b ZTV s lin tc c cp nht nhng
ni dung mi t nh cung cp dch v. Khng ch vy, cc ni dung trn
thit b ZTV c th c kt ni, ng b d liu v chia s vi cc thit b
gii tr khc nh smartphone, my tnh bng, my tnh ca khch hng
vi cng 1 ti khontruycp

Hnh 4.13. Hp gii tr a phng tin ZTV ca VTC

TNH NNG ZTV


Khi kt ni vi b ng ten cho v LNB thu sng v tinh, ZTV l mt

86

b thu tch hp gii m tn hiu truyn hnh, c th thu tt c cc knh


truyn hnh c truyn dn bng cng ngh DVB-S v DVB-S2, c cc
knh truyn hnh c phn gii tiu chun v phn gii cao HDTV, c
th tua lai hoc t lch ghi cc chng trnh pht sng vo cng lu tr
trn my theo thng tin ch dn lch pht sng c cp nht lin tc

Khi kt ni vi internet, ZTV tr thnh 1 thit b thng tin gii tr a

phng tin ni mang, c h iu hnh. ZTV c tch hp sn cc lp


dch v thng tin, gii tr, ni dung s trn nn tng in ton m my.
iu cho php ngi dng xem cc knh truyn hnh qua giao thc
internet (IPTV), xem cc chng trnh truyn hnh v video theo yu cu
vi cht lng HD (bao gm c phim 3D vi m thanh lp th 5.1 theo tiu
chun rap chiu) ngay trn cc gi thu bao intenet c bn ca bt k nh
cung cp dch v internet no tai Vit Nam. Khng nhng th, khn gi cn
c th s dng cc tnh nng ch c trn my tnh ngay trn mn hnh TV
nh ci t phn mm, ng dng, chi game trc tuyn, lt web, c bo,
kt ni mang x hi (Facebook, G+, Twitter), lin lac Yahoo, Skype,
Viber, s dng cc trang chia s video hoc hnh nh trc tuyn (Youtube,
Hulu, Flickr ), gi in thoai c hnh, nghe nhac hoc ht karaoke trc
tuyn, tham gia cc tr chi truyn hnh tng tc, gi v nhn email,
chnh sa vn bn, tham gia cc hoat ng o tao hoc mua sm trc
tuyn

Khi khng c kt ni v tinh v internet, ZTV vn l 1 thit b gii tr

a nng vi cng gn trong. Do khn gi c th xem phim, nghe nhac,


chi game, ht karaoke ging nh mt thit b HD PLAYER c cu hnh
cao chay h iu hnh android.
DCH V ZTV
Xem truyn hinh v tinh: ZTV s dng cng ngh DVB-S2, cho php gii

87

m tn hiu truyn hnh v tinh vi hnh nh phn gii cao HDTV v


phn gii tiu chun SDTV, tng thch vi tiu chun pht sng ca cc
nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh v tinh tai Vit Nam. Thit b t ng
thit lp cc thng s v tinh Vinasat-1 v Vinasat-2 cng cc transponder
tng ng. Do , khn gi c th cp nht cc knh chng trnh mi nht
t v tinh m khng cn phi d lai. Thit b cng cung cp cho khn gi
nhiu tin ch qun l cc chng trnh truyn hnh (thm, sa, xa, sp
xp lai), ghi v xem lai cc chng trnh truyn hnh pht sng qua v tinh,
xem lch pht sng

Hnh 4.14. Xem theo yu cu trn ZTV

Xem Video theo yu cu: Dch v xem Video theo yu cu ca ZTV c


xy dng trn nn tng in ton m my v cc cng ngh nn, truyn ti
video tin tin. Do , ln u tin tai Vit Nam, ch vi kt ni internet 3G
hoc gi ADSL c bn ca bt k nh mang no (2Mbps), khn gi c th
xem cc chng trnh ca nhac, phim truyn, chng trnh truyn hnh theo
yu cu vi cht lng HD, hnh nh 3D v m thanh lp th 5.1. Hnh

88

thc giao din, hiu ng v tri nghim ngi dng thn thin. Mn hnh
sp xp v hin th sn cc thng tin v tng chng trnh nh th loai,
poster, thng tin m t, lng rating, s ln xem, qun l cc chng trnh
xem hoc c sn trn thit b, Giao din tm kim thun li, h tr bn
phm o ring, gip ngi dng tm chnh xc ni dung theo yu cu.
Ci t ng dng, phn mm: ZTV cung cp danh sch cc ng dng
phong ph bao gm game, ng dng vn phng, thng tin, gii tr, gio
dc, chm sc sc khe tng thch vi tng dng thit b. Cc ng
dng c phn loai theo ng dng mi nht, ng dng ph bin c
xut, ng dng c ti nhiu nht. Mi ng dng bao gm cc thng tin:
hnh ai din, tn ng dng, m t, nh pht trin Cc ng dng c t
ng kim tra phin bn v thng bo nu c bn cp nht mi.
m nhc: Dch v m nhac v karaoke ca ZTV c pht trin trn nn
tng in ton m my, cho php thit b c th s dng kho d liu m
nhac phong ph vi cht lng m thanh tiu chun c lu tr trn
server ca nh cung cp dch v. Danh sch bi ht c phn loai theo
nhiu trng thng tin tm kim khc nhau khn gi thun tin trong
vic tm kim bi ht yu thch. Khn gi cng c th lp danh sch bi ht
ring theo yu cu. Cc chc nng khi ang ht karaoke: Bt tt li ca s,
xem trc li bi ht, nh gi, tnh im theo phn tch ph m ca ca s,
chnh nhp v tc nhac, ghi lai bi ht trong cng, chia s trn internet
hoc kt ni trc tip vi cc ng dng truyn hnh tng tc trn knh
Truyn hnh Gii tr tng tc iTV ca i Truyn hnh K thut s VTC.
Cc dich v thng tin gii tr trn mng internet: Hp gii tr tng tc
ZTV l mt thit b gii tr a chc nng thuc th h thng minh, c tch
hp sn h iu hnh Android. Do thit b c kh nng s dng rt nhiu
dch v thng tin gii tr trn internet nh lt web, chia s video trc

89

tuyn Youtube, Sopcast, Yahoo, Skype, Facebook v rt nhiu tnh nng


khc nh mt chic my tnh thng thng.

Hnh 4.15. Dch v gii tr trc tuyn

Tri nghim a mn hinh: ZTV s dng cc cng ngh chia s khng dy


hin ai. Do , vic ng b d liu gia cc thit b thng minh rt n
gin. Ngoi ra, mi khch hng s dng dch v ZTV s c cung cp 1
ti khon c nhn. Vi 1 ti khon duy nht, khch hng c th s dng
dch v trn 3 thit b khc nhau, bao gm c Hp gii tr tng tc a
phng tin ZTV v cc thit b c nhn khc nh my tnh bng, in
thoai thng minh
4.5. Gii thiu dch v- sn phm IPTV ca Viettel
NetTV l dch v truyn hnh qua giao thc internet, tn hiu truyn hnh s
c chuyn ha thnh tn hiu Internet, truyn qua ha tng mang bng
thng rng ca Viettel n thit b u cui Set top box(STB) v ti tivi ca
khch hng, NetTV cung cp cc dch v:

90

Hnh 4.16. Sn phm- dch v NetTV ca Viettel

Dich v truyn hinh (LiveTV): So vi dch v truyn thng, khch hng


khng ch dng lai vic n xem cc chng trnh trn knh truyn hnh
mt t, truyn hnh cp hay v tinh m c ch ng quyt nh xem bt
c chng trnh no m khng l thuc vo gi pht sng.
Cc tnh nng hin ai ca truyn hnh NetTV:

Tam dng, li lai chng trnh truyn hnh ang xem.

Lu v xem lai cc chng trnh truyn hnh hp dn theo mun.

Kha cc chng trnh c ni dung khng ph hp vi tr em.

Xem 2 knh truyn hnh cng 1 lc.

91

Hnh 4.17. Chc nng xem 2 knh truyn hnh mt lc ca NetTV

Dich v Video theo yu cu(Video on Demand VOD): Qu khch s c


tha thch la chn v xem video t phim hnh ng gay cn n tnh cm
hi hc, video thi s, ca nhac, thi trangc bit video ca cc trn
bng , phim mi nht s c cp nht thng xuyn.

Hnh 4.18. Xem video, phim theo yu cu trn NetTV

Dich v m nhc theo yu cu ( Music on Demand MoD): Dch v s


em lai cho ban nhng giy pht thc s th gin v hi lng vi nhng
video m nhac, nhac mp3 phong ph v c cp nht lin tc.

92

Cc dich v tin ch khc

Dch v gio dc: Cung cp cc Video bi ging cho hc sinh cp 1,2,3.

Dch v c bo in t trn TV

Dch

v thng tin Mua sm & Th trng: Cung cp gi v hng dn tiu

dng tai hng loat cc siu th ln nh: BigC, Metro, Media Mart

xvii

KT LUN

IPTV c cc chuyn gia nhn nhn l mt cng ngh c kh nng mang


ti li nhun rt ln cho cc nh cung cp vin thng trong mt tng lai
gn. IPTV c th thay i phng thc xem cc chng trnh truyn hnh
v l mt cuc cch mang trong vic tao ra ni dung. Vi s pht trin ca
cng ngh truy cp bng rng v cc thit b sn xut chng trnh truyn
hnh, cc chuyn gia tin tng rng IPTV thc s c kh nng canh tranh
vi cc chng trnh truyn hnh v tinh, truyn hnh cp hay cc loai
truyn hnh thng thng.
trin khai thc cc dch v IPTV cn phi c mt nn tng mang
bng rng cht lng v an ton. Bn canh , vic qun l mang IPTV khi
i vo hoat ng cng l vn cn phi c bit ch, v hiu qu ca
mang cao hay thp ph thuc vo yu t ny.
Mc d IPTV vn trong giai oan bt u, nhng c s pht trin
ca mt s nh cung cp cng nh s lng thu bao. Hin tai IPTV l mt
nhn t quan trng trong th trng truyn hnh thu ph, v trong tng lai
cc nh cung cp IPTV s cho ra cc dch v mi v s thu ht c rt
nhiu khch hng.
Xt v kha canh cng ngh, xu hng cng ngh hin nay l s hi
t ca nhiu cng ngh a ra nhiu loai hnh dch v tng hp (nh kt
hp cc dch v thoai, s liu v bng rng) cho khch hng. Dch v IPTV
chnh l mt sn phm ca s hi t khi m ch vi mt thit b u cui
khch hng c th s dng rt nhiu cc loai hnh dch v con (truyn hnh
qung b, truyn hnh theo yu cu, in thoai IP, in thoai truyn hnh,
truy cp Internet v.v...). Hn na vic p dng cng ngh trin khai
nhng dch v vi chi ph nh, ti u ho ha tng vin thng sn c s tng
sc canh tranh. Trong thi k kinh t th trng, khi Vit Nam ang dn hi
nhp vi th gii, nhng dch v c cht lng cao vi gi thnh ph hp
vi i sng ngi dn s ngy mt tr thnh mt phn thit yu ca x

xviii

hi. Vi nhiu tin ch mang lai da trn ha tng c sn, trong tng lai
IPTV s ngy mt ph bin hn, cc dch v v chng trnh ngy mt
phong ph hn p ng nhu cu ca khch hng, gp phn thc y pht
trin x hi.
Vi ni dung c trnh by trn, n ca em a ra c
ci nhn tng qut v cng ngh IPTV, cc phng thc phn phi mang
IPTV v ng dng ca mt s gii php cng ngh ph bin hin nay cung
nh thy c kh nng,su th pht trin ca IPTV trn th gii ni chung
v Vit nam ni ring.V IPTV l cng ngh mi, do ni dung ca lun
vn cha trnh by c c th v i ht c cc phn cn khc mc.
Cc vn cn tm hiu thm l cc k thut nn d liu, cc giao thc
s dng phn phi mang IPTV v mt s thit b chuyn dng khc.
Do thi gian v lng kin thc ca bn thn cn han ch, nn ni
dung ca n cha c y v chnh xc. Vi mong mun nm chc
cc kin thc v cng ngh IPTV m ra mt c hi v ngh nghip.
Hng pht trin tip theo ca n l hon thin cc vn cn thiu xt
v p dng l thuyt vo thc t pht trin mang dch v IPTV. V th
rt mong s quan tm v ng gp kin ca thy v cc ban ni dung
n c hon thin hn.
Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n c gio Ths L Th Cm H
cng vi s tm hiu qua sch bo, internet v cc ban gip em hon
thnh n ny.

xix

TI LIU THAM KHO


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xut bn Bu in, H N i.
[2] TS. V Vn San (2003), H thng thng tin quang, Nh xut bn Bu
i n, H N i.
[3] Nguyn Thanh Tng (2001), Phn tch s ph thuc d liu, Trong k
yu hi nghi Nghin cu khoa hc tr ln 3, pp. 18-22.
[4] TS. on Thanh Vi t (2001), Li gii ti u v tp sinh trn mng suy
din, Tp ch Pht trin khoa hc cng Ngh, s 4, pp. 10 16.
[5] TS. Phan Thnh Vinh (2001), Xy dng Transducer, n tt nghi p
ai hc, ai hc Bch khoa Tp.HCM.
[6] Tng cc Bu i n (2003), Truyn dn quang, Nh xut bn khoa hc
k thu t, H N i.
[7]. F. Baudoin, J.J. Gonzalez, P. Checchin (2005), Study of the curvature
of the electrical arc in low voltage breaking devices influence of the
external magnetic field, Journal Physics, Vol 38, pp 3778-3791.
[8]. F. Karetta, M. Lindmayer (1998), Simulation of the gas dynamic and
electromagnetic processes in low voltage switching arcs, IEEE Trans
CPMT-21, Part A, pp 96-103.
[9]. G. G. Duningand, M. Lindmayerand (2001), Energy and density of
ions in Vacuum arcs between axial and radial magnetic field contacts,
IEEE Transactions on plasma science, Vol 29, pp 726-733.
[10]. www.doc.edu.vn

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