Kỹ thuật Tích phân

Tuyn tp cc chuyn v k thut tnh nguyn hm,tch phn.
Nguyn Duy ng

MT S K THUT "PHN TCH " M TA THNG GP KHI I TM
NGUYN HM HOC TNH ZTCH PHN.
Th d 1 : Tm nguyn hm A1 = (x + 1)dx(x + 2)
Ta gi s rng : (x + 1)1(x + 2) = x + 1 + x + 2
Ta i tm 2 h s , theo ba cch nh sau :
x+1
1
1
Cch 1 : = x1
lim
= lim
=
=1
(x + 1) (x + 2) x1 x + 2
1 + 2
x+2
1
1
= lim
=
= 1
x2 (x + 1) (x + 2)
x2 x + 1
2 + 1
= lim
Cch 2 :
Cho x = 0 ta c : (0 + 1)1(0 + 2) = 0 + 1 + 0 + 2 12 = + 12
x=1
ta c : (1 + 1)1(1 + 2) = 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 16 = 12 + 31
+ 1 = 1
Do m ta suy ra 2 h s , bng cch i gii h :

Cch 3 :
Ta gi s rng : (x + 1)1(x + 2) = x + 1 + x + 2
2
2
1
1
1
+ =
2
3
6
=1
= 1
1
(x + 2) + (x + 1)
x ( + ) + 2 +
=
=
(x + 1) (x + 2)
(x + 1) (x + 2) (
(x + 1) (x +
(2)
Cn bng cc h s 2 v m ta c h :
+ =0
=1
= 1
2 + = 1
Do m ta suy ra : (x + 1)1(x + 2) = x +1 1 x +1 2
Z
Z
Z

dx
dx
dx
x + 1
Vy : (x + 1) (x + 2) = x + 1 x + 2 = ln |x + 1| ln |x + 2| + c = ln x + 2 + c
Z
2
: Tm nguyn hm A2 = x (x x2)+(x
dx
+ 5)
2
Ta gi s rng : x (x x2)+(x
= +
+
+ 5)
x x2 x+5
Th d 2
Cch 1 :
x (x + 2)
x+2
0+2
1
= lim
=
=
x0 x (x 2) (x + 5)
x0 (x 2) (x + 5)
(0 2) (0 + 5)
5
(x 2) (x + 2)
x+2
2+2
2
= lim
= lim
=
=
x2 x (x 2) (x + 5)
x2 x (x + 5)
2 (2 + 5)
7
(x + 5) (x + 2)
x+2
5 + 2
3
= lim
= lim
=
=
x5 x (x 2) (x + 5)
x5 x (x 2)
5 (5 2)
35
= lim
Cch 2 :
+2
1
1
1
Cho x = 1 ta c : 1 (11
=
+
+
+ =
2) (1 + 5)
1 1 2 1 + 5
3
4
12
x=1
ta c : 1 (1 12)+(12 + 5) = 1 + 1 2 + 1 + 5 + 61 = 12
1
Tuyn tp cc chuyn v k thut tnh nguyn hm,tch phn. Nguyn Duy ng
ta c : 3 (3 32)+(32 + 5) = 3 + 3 2 + 3 + 5 13 + + 81 = 245
tm c cc h s , , ta gii h phng trnh
:
x=3
1
1
1
+ =
3
4
12
1
1
+ =
6
2
1
1
5
++ =
3
8
24
2
7
3
=
35
=
Cch 3 :
2
= +
+
Gi s rng : x (x x2)+(x
+ 5)
x x2 x+5
(x 2) (x + 5) + x (x + 5) + x (x 2)
x+2
=
x (x 2) (x + 5)
x (x 2) (x + 5)
2
x ( + + ) + x (3 + 5 2) 10
x+2
=
x (x 2) (x + 5)
x (x 2) (x + 5)
1
=
0
5
2
Cn bng cc h s 2 v m ta c h : 3 + 5 2 = 1 =
7
10 = 2
=3
35
x+2
1
2
3
Do : x (x 2) (x + 5) = 5x + 7 (x 2) 35 (x + 5)
Z
Z
Z
Z
x+2
1
dx 2
dx
3
Vy : x (x 2) (x + 5) dx = 5 x + 7 x 2 35 xdx
+5
2
3
1
ln |x + 5| + c
= ln |x| + ln |x 2|
5 Z
7
35
2
: Tm nguyn hm A3 = (3x2 2xx+ 5) (x + 1) dx
Ta cn nh phng trnh bc 2 c dng : ax2 + bx + c c 2 nghim x1, , x2 th c biu din di
Th d 3
dng : ax2 + bx + c = a (x x1) (x x2)

5
2
Do ta vit : 3x 2x + 5 = 3 (x 1) x + 3
x2
Ta gi s rng : (3x2 2xx+ 5) (x + 1) =
5
3 (x 1) x +
(x + 1)
3
+
x1
5
x+
3
x+1
x2 (x 1)
x2
1
=
lim
=

5
5
x1
x1
16
3 (x 1) x +
(x + 1)
3 x+
(x + 1)
3
3 5

x2 x +
x2
25
3
= lim
= lim
=

5
3 (x 1) (x + 1)
48
x 53
x 53
3 (x 1) x +
(x + 1)
3
= lim
= lim
x1
Cch 2 :
x2 (x + 1)
x2
1
= lim
=

5
5 4
x1
3 (x 1) x +
(x + 1)
3 (x 1) x +
3
3
2
Cho x = 0 ta c : (3x2 2xx+ 5) (x + 1) = x 1 +
3
+
+ + = 0
5
x+1
5
x+
3
x2
4
3
1
+
x = 2 ta c :
=
+
=+ +
2
5
(3x 2x + 5) (x + 1)
x1
x+1
33
11
3
x+
3
9
1
3
1
x2
=
+
+
= + +
x = 3 ta c :
2
5
(3x 2x + 5) (x + 1)
x1
x+1
112
2
14
4
x+
3
3
1
+ + = 0
=
5
16
25
t m ta c h : + 3 + 1 = 4
11
3
33
48
1 + 3 + 1 = 9
= 1
2
14
4
112
4
Cch 3 :
2
Gi s rng : (3x2 2xx+ 5) (x + 1) =
x2
Do m ta2 c :
x
=
2
(3x 2x + 5) (x + 1)
3 (x 1) x +

5
+
x1
x+1
5
3

3 5
5
x+
(x + 1) + (x 1) (x + 1) + (x 1) x +
x2
3
3
=

5
5
3 (x 1) x +
(x + 1)
(x 1) x +
(x + 1)
3
3
8

2
5
5
x2 = x2 ( + + ) + x
+ +
3
3
3
3
++=1
=
16
8
2
25
=
0
Cn bng cc h s 2 v ta c h : 3 3
=
48
5
5
=0
= 1
3
3
4
(x + 1)
x+
x2
1
25
1
=

+
5
5
16 (x 1)
4 (x + 1)
3 (x 1) x +
(x + 1)
48 x +
3 Z
3
Z
Z
Z
x2
1
dx
25
dx
1
dx
+
Suy ra : (3x2 2x + 5) (x + 1) dx = 16 x 1 48
5
4
x+4
x+
3

1
25
5 1
= ln |x 1|
ln x + + ln |x + 4| + c
16
48
3
4
Z
x1
: Tm nguyn hm A4 = (x2 + 4x + 5) (x2 4) dx
Ta cn ch rng phng trnh : ax2 + bx + c = 0 vi = b2 4ac < 0 th ta vit :
Th d 4
ax2 + bx + c = a (x x1 ) (x x2 )
trong : x1 = + i, x2 = i, i2 = 1
Do m ta c : x2 + 4x + 5 = (x + 2 + i) (x + 2 i)
Ta gi s rng :
x1
x1
=
=
+
+
+
2
2
+ 4x + 5) (x 4)
(x + 2 + i) (x + 2 i) (x 4)
x+2+i x+2i x2 x+2
(x 1) (x + 2 + i)
x1
13
1
= lim
= lim
= i
2
2
x2i (x + 2 + i) (x + 2 i) (x 4)
x2i (x + 2 i) (x 4)
34 34
(x2
(x 1) (x + 2 i)
x1
13
1
=
lim
=
+
i
x2+i (x + 2 + i) (x + 2 i) (x2 4)
x2+i (x + 2 + i) (x2 4)
34 34
(x 1) (x 2)
x1
1
= lim 2
= lim 2
=
x2 (x + 4x + 5) (x 2) (x + 2)
x2 (x + 4x + 5) (x + 2)
68
x1
3
(x 1) (x + 2)
= lim
=
= lim
2
2
x2 (x + 4x + 5) (x 2)
x2 (x + 4x + 5) (x 2) (x + 2)
4
13
13
1
3
1
1
i + i
x1
Do m ta c : (x2 + 4x + 5) (x2 4) = x34+ 2 +34i + x34+ 2 34i + x 68
+ 4
2 x+2
13x 27
1
3
=
+
+
2
17 (x + 4x + 5) 68 (x 2) 4 (x + 2)
=
lim
Cch 2 :
+
+
+
Gi s rng : (x2 + 4xx+5)1 (x2 4) = x2x
+ 4x + 5 x 2 x + 2
Cho x = 0 ta c : 51 21 + 12 = 201
1
1
1
x = 1 ta c :
+ + =0
10
10
3
3
1
1
1
x = 3 ta c :
+ ++ =
26
26
5
65
4
1
1
1
1
x = 4 ta c :
+ + + =
37
37
2
6
148

t

m
ta
c
c
h
:
1
1
1
1
+ =
5
2
2
20
1 + 1 + 1 = 0
10
10
1
1
1
3
+ ++ =
26
26
5
65
1
1
1
1
4
37
1
2
= ++
5
10
1 1 2 = 1
10
30
30
3
27
6
3
+ =
26
650
5
650
22
2
11
4
13
17
= 27
+ + =
+ =
2
6
148
37
555
3
1110
x1
13x 27
3
=
+
+
2
2
2
(x + 4x + 5) (x 4)
17 (x + 4x + 5) 68 (x 2) 4 (x + 2)
37
17
68
Do :
Cch 3 :
+
+
+
Gi s : (x2 + 4xx+5)1 (x2 4) = x2x
+ 4x + 5 x 2 x + 2
x 1 = (x + ) x2 4 + x2 + 4x + 5 (x + 2) + x2 + 4x + 5 (x 2)
x 1 = x3 ( + + ) + x2( + 6 + 2) + x (4 + 13
3) + (4 + 10 10)
=
++ =0
Cn bng cc h s 2 v ta c h :
+ 6 + 2 ( ) = 0
+ 6 + 2 = 0
4 + 13 3 = 1
4 + 13 3 ( ) = 1
4 10 + 10 = 1
4 10 + 10 ( ) = 1
13
17
27
2 + + 4 = 0
+ 16 = 1
10 + 4 20 = 1
=
17
1
=
68
3
=
4
13x 27
1
3
Do : (x2 + 4xx+5)1 (x2 4) = 17 (x
+
+
2 + 4x + 5)
68 (x 2) 4 (x + 2)
Z 2x + 54
Z
Z
x1
13
1
dx
3
13
Vy : (x2 + 4x + 5) (x2 4) dx = 34 x2 + 4x + 5 dx + 68 x 2 + 4 xdx
+2
Z
Z
Z
Z
(2x + 4)
1
dx
1
dx
3
dx
13
dx
+
+
=
2
2
34
x + 4x + 5 17
x + 4x + 5 68
x2 4
x+2
Z
Z
Z
Z
2
d x + 4x + 5
13
1
1
dx
dx
3
dx
=
+
+
2
2
34
x + 4x + 5
17
x2 4
x+2
(x + 2) + 1 68

1
1
3
13
arctan (x + 2) +
ln |x 2| + ln |x + 2| + c
= ln x2 + 4x + 5
34
17 Z
68
4
x
: Tm nguyn hm A5 = x3 + 1 dx
Ta gi s rng : x3 x+ 1 = (x + 1) (xx2 x + 1) = x + 1 +
1
3
1
3
x
i x +
i
2
2
2
2
1
x
=
= lim 2
x1 x x + 1
3
1
x
3

=
= lim
i
6
6
1
3
x 21 + 23 i
i
(x + 1) x +
2
2
x
1
3

= +
= lim
i
6
6
1
3
x 12 23 i
(x + 1) x
i
2
2
3
1
3
1
i
+
i
x
1
Do : x3 + 1 = 3 (x + 1) + 6 6 + 6 6 = 3 (x1+ 1) + 3 (x2x+x1+ 1)
1
1
3
3
x
i x +
i
2
2
2
2
Z
Th d 5
Cch 2 :
Gi s : x3 x+ 1 = x + 1 + x2x +x + 1
Cho x = 0 ta c : 0 = +
1
1
x = 1 ta c : = + +
2
2
2
1
2
1
x = 2 ta c : = + +
9
3
3
3
+=0
1
1
++=
=
2
2
1
2
1
2
+ + =
=
3
3
3
9
x
1
x+1
=
+
x3 + 1
3 (x + 1) 3 (x2 x + 1)
Do m ta c h :
Vy :
Cch 3 :
Ta cng gi s rng : x3 x+ 1 = x + 1 + x2x +x + 1
1
3
1
3
x = x2 x + 1 + (x + ) (x + 1)
+ =0
Cn bng cc h s m ta c h : + + = 1
+=0
Z
1
3
1
=
3
=
1
2x + 2
+
dx
Vy : x3 x+ 1 dx = 13 xdx
2
Z +1 6 Z x x+1
Z
1
dx
1
2x + 1
1
dx
=
+
dx +
2
2
3
x+1 6
x x+1 6
x x+1
Z
Z
Z
2
d x x+1
dx
1
1
dx
1
+
+
=

3
x+1 6
x2 x + 1
6
1 2 3
x
+
2
4

1
1 2
1
2x 1

= ln |x + 1| + ln x x + 1 + arctan
+c
3
3 3
3
Z6
: Tm nguyn hm A6 = x4dx+ 1

Gi s rng : x4 + 1 = x2 + px + 1 x2 px + 1 = x4 + 2 p2 x + 1
ng nht 2 v ta c : 2 p2 =0 p = 2

Do ta vit : x4 + 1 = x2 + 2x + 1 x2 2x + 1
1

=
2
x + 2x + 1 x2 2x + 1
+
+
+
=
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
+
i x+
i x
+
i x
i
x+
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Tm cc h s : , , , nh sau :
Th d 6

=
lim
x 2 2 i
= 2 + 2i

8
8

=
lim
2
2
x + i
= 2 2i

8
8
2
2
i x2 2x + 1
x+
2
2

=
lim
2
2
x i
2
=
lim

x 2 + 2 i
Vy :
2
2
x+
+
i x2 2x + 1
2
2
= 2 + 2i

8
8
= 2 2i

8
8
2
2
x
i x2 + 2x + 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
x
+
i x2 + 2x + 1
2 2

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
+
i
x+
i +
i
x+
+
i
8
8
2
2
8
8
2
2
1
=
+
x4 + 1
x2 + 2x + 1
6

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
+
i
x
i +
i
x
+
i
8
8
2
2
8
8
2
2
+
2 2x + 1
x
1
1
2
2
x+
x+
4 2 +
4
2
=
2
2
x + 2x + 1 x 2x + 1
Cch 2 : Ta gi s rng : x4 1+ 1 = 2 x+ + 2 x+
x + 2x + 1 x 2x + 1
1
1
Cho x = 1 ta c : 2 = + 1 1 + 1
2 2
2 2
2+ 2
2+ 2
x = 0 ta c : + = 1
1
1
1
1
1
+

+

x = 1 ta c : =
2
2+ 2
2+ 2
2 2
2 2

1
1
2 + +
2 +
x = 2 ta c : =
5
5
+
=1
1
1
1
1
1
+

+
=
2
t ta c h : 21 2 21 2 21+ 2 21+ 2 1
+

+
=
2
2
+
2
2
+
2
2
2
2

1
1
2 + +
2 + =
5
5
+ =1
2 2 + 2 + 2 = 0

2
+
2
++ 3+2 2 + 3+2 2 =
2 + + 5 2 + 5 = 1
=
1
2 2 + 2 = 2
1
==

4
+
3
2
2
a 2+2 2 + 3+2 2 =
= 2
2 4 + 5 2 = 4
4
2
1
2
1
x+
x+
Vy ta c c : x4 1+ 1 = 2 4 2 + 2 4 2
x + 2x + 1 x 2x + 1
Cch 3 :
Ta cng gi s rng : x4 1+ 1 =
x +
x +
+
2
+ 2x
+ 1 x 2x + 1

1 = (x + ) x2 2x + 1 + (x + ) x2 + 2x + 1

1 = ( + ) x3 + 2 + + 2 + x2 + 2 + + 2 x + +
x2
Cn bng cc
h s 2 v m ta c c h sau:
+=0
+=0
2 + + 2 + = 0
2 + 2 = 1
1
==
2 + + 2 = 0
2 2 + = 2
2
= 2
+ =1
=1
4
1
1
2
2
x+
x+
1
Do : x4 + 1 = 2 4 2 + 2 4 2
x + 2x + 1 x 2x + 1
1
1
1
1
Z
Z
Z x+
x+
Vy ta c : x4dx+ 1 = 22 2 2 dx + 2 2 2 2 dx
x + 2x + 1
x 2x + 1
1
1
Z
Z
Z
x+
1
1
2x + 2
dx
2
2 2
dx =
dx +
Ta c : 2
4
x + Z 2x + 1 4 2 x2 Z
+ 2x + 1
x2 + 2x + 1
2
d x + 2x + 1
1
1
dx
=
+

2
4
4 2
x2 + 2x + 1
1
1
x+
+
2
2

1
1
= ln x2 + 2x + 1 + arctan 2x + 1 + c1
4 2
2 2
1
1
Z
Z
Z x+
1
2x + 2
1
dx
2
2 2
dx =
dx +
Li c : 2
2
2
4
x Z2x + 1
x 2x + 1
4 2 x Z 2x + 1
2
d x 2x + 1
dx
1
1
=
+

2
4
4 2
x2 + 2x + 1
1
1
x
+
2
2

1
1
= ln x2 2x + 1 + arctan 2x 1 + c2
4 2
2
2 2
Z

dx
1
x + 2x + 1
1
1
Vy : x4 + 1 = ln 2
+ arctan 2x + 1 + arctan 2x 1 + c
4 2
x 2x
2 2
2 2
Z +1
dx
: Tm nguyn hm A7 = x8 + 1

Gi s rng : x8 + 1 = x4 + px2 + 1 x4 px2 + 1 = x8 + 2 p2 x4 + 1
ng nht 2 v ta c : 2 p2 = 0 p = 2
x8 + 1 = x4 + 2x2 + 1 x4 2x2 + 1

Ta c : x4 + 2x2 + 1 = x2 + qx + 1 x2 p
qx + 1 = x4 + 2 q 2 x2 + 1
2 p 2
ng nht
2
v
ta
c
:
2 p
q 2 = 2 q =

2
4
2
2
x + 2x + 1 = x + 2 2x + 1 x 2 2x + 1

Ta c : x4 2x2 + 1 = x2 + rx + 1 x2 rx + 1 p= x4 + 2 r2 x2 + 1
r =p
2+ 2
ng nht
2
v
ta
c
c
:
2 r2 = 2

p
x4 2x2 + 1 = x2 + 2 + 2x + 1 x2 2 + 2x + 1
Th d 7
Do m ta cp:

p
p
p
2x + 1 x2 2 2x + 1 x2 + 2 + 2x + 1 x2 2 + 2x + 1
p
p
p
1
1
2 2x + 2
1 2 2x + 2
1
2 + 2x + 2
p
p
p
=
+
+
+
8
x +1
8 x2 + 2 2x + 1 8 x2 2 2x + 1 8 x2 + 2 + 2x + 1
p
1 2 + 2x + 2
p
+
8 x2 2 + 2x + 1
x8 +1 = x2 +
Ta ch :
1
dx
=
ax2 + bx + c
a
dx
, 4ac b2 > 0
b
c
x2 + x +
a
a
Z
Z
dx
1
dx
1
=
(1)
=
p

2
2
2
2
a
a
(x
p)
+
q
2
b
4ac b
+
x
2a
2a
4ac b2
t : p = b
,q =
, x = p + qt
2a
2a
Z
Z
1
1
2
1
2
Do : (1) = aq t2 + 1 dt =
dt =
arctan t
2
t +1
4ac b2
4ac b2
2
2ax + b
=
arctan
+C
4ac b2
4ac b2
Trong ta t : t = x q p = 2ax + b 2
Z
Z 4ac b
Z
Z
xdx
2ax + b b
2ax + b
1
1
b
Li c : ax2 + bx + c = 2a ax2 + bx + c dx = 2a ax2 + bx + c dx 2a ax2 +1bx + c dx
Z
2
b
1
dx
=
ln ax + bx + c
+C
2a
2a
ax2 + bx + c
Vi : aZ = c = 1, = 4 b2 >Z 0 ta c :
Z
xdx
dx
Ax + B
dx = A
+B
2
2
2
x + bx + 1
x + bx + 1
x + bx + 1

2x + b
A 2
2B Ab
arctan
+ ln x + bx + 1 + C
=
2
4 b2
b2
p 4
Z
+2
Do : A7.1 = 81 2 2p 2x
dx =
x
+
2
2x
+
1
p
p
p

p
2+ 2
2x + 2 2
2 2
2
+
=
arctan p
ln
x
+
2
2x
+
1
+ C1
8
16
2
+
2
p
Z
1
2 2x + 2
p
dx =
A7.2 =
8
2
x
2
2x
+
1
p
p
p

p
2+ 2
2x 2 2
2 2
2
=
arctan p
ln x 2 2x + 1 + C2
8
16
2
+
2
p
Z
2 + 2x + 2
p
A7.3 =
dx =
2+
x
2
+
2x
+
1
p
p
p

p
2 2
2x + 2 2
2+ 2
2
=
arctan p
+
ln x + 2 + 2x + 1 + C3
8
16
2
2
p
Z
2 + 2x + 2
p
A7.4 =
dx =
2
x
2
+
2x
+
1
p
p
p

p
2 2
2x 2 2
2+ 2
2
p
=
arctan
ln x 2 + 2x + 1 + C4
8
16
2 2
Do m ta c : A7 = A7.1 + A7.2 + A7.3 + A7.4
Cch 2 :
Ta c : x8 + 1 = 0 x8 = 1 = cos ( + k2) + i sin ( + k2)

+ k2
+ k2
x = cos
+ i sin
, vi : k = 0, .., 7
8
8
3
1p
5
1p
3
Ta c : sin 8 = sin 7
= cos
=
= sin
= cos =
2 2, sin
2+ 2 ,
8
8
2
8
8
8
2
7
1p
5
= cos
=
2 2,
cos
8
8
2

Z
3
dx
1X
(2k + 1)
(2k + 1)
2
Do m ta c : 1 + x8 = 8
ln x 2x cos
+1
cos
+
8
8
k=0
(2k + 1)

3
x sin
(2k + 1)
1 X
8
+
+ C, k = 0, ..., 7
arctan
sin
(2k + 1)
4
8
k=0
1 x cos
8
trn ta nhn thy cc h s : , , , ..., l cc h s "bt nh" tc l "nhng h
Qua cc th d
s khng h thay i " d ta c thay i "gi tr ca bin x" . tm hiu r vn ny ta s
lm quen dng ton ny vi ccZbi tp mu tng t nh sau :
Bi 1 : Tm nguyn hm I1 = (x x3)+(x27+ 3) dx
Gi s rng : (x x3)+(x27+ 3) = x 3 + x + 3
x + 27 = (x + 3)
( + ) + (3 3)
( + (x 3) = x(
Cn bng h s 2 v ta c h :
+ =1
=5
= 4
=9
Z
Vy : (x x3)+(x27+ 3) dx = x 5 3 dx x +4 3 dx = 5 ln |x 3| 4 ln |x + 3| + c
Z
: Tm nguyn hm I2 = (x 8x3)(x17+ 4) dx
Gi s rng : (x 8x3)(x17+ 4) = x 3 + x + 4 = (x(x+4)3)+(x +(x4) 3) = x ((x+)3)+(x(4+ 4) 3)
(
(
Bi 2
t ta c h :
+ =8
=1
4 3 = 17
=7
Z
Z
Vy : (x 8x3)(x17+ 4) dx = x 1 3 dx + x +7 4 dx = ln |x 3| + 7 ln |x + 4| + c
Z
26
: Tm nguyn hm I3 = x2 7x
dx
6x 16
26
7x 26
( + ) x + (2 8)
Gi s rng : x2 7x
=
=
+
=
6x 16
(x (
8) (x + 2)
x 8 x(
+2
(x 8) (x + 2)
Bi 3
Cn bng h s 2 v m ta c h :
+ =7
=3
2 8 = 26
=4
Z
26
3
4
Vy : x2 7x
dx =
dx +
dx = 3 ln |x 8| + 4 ln |x + 2| + c
6x 16
x
x+2
Z 82
150
: Tm nguyn hm I4 = 7x x+3 75x
dx
25x
2
150
7x2 + 75x 150
Gi s rng : 7x x+3 75x

=
= +
+
25x
x (x 5) (x + 5)
x x5 x+5
Bi 4
10
Cn bng
x2 25 + x2 + 5x + x2 5x
7x2 + 75x 150
=
x (x 5) (x + 5)
x (x 5) (x + 5)
( + + ) x2 + (5 5) x 25
=
x (x 5) (x +
5)
++=7
=6
h s 2 v m ta c h : 5 5 = 75 = 8
25 = 150
Z
Z
= 7
Z
7x2 + 75x 150

6
8
7
dx =
dx +
dx
dx
3
x 25x
x
x5
x+5
=Z
6 ln |x| + 8 ln |x 5| 7 ln |x + 5| + c
2
49
: Tm nguyn hm I5 = 2xx314x
dx
2
7x
2
49
2x2 14x 49
s rng : 2xx314x
=
= + 2+
2
2
7x
x (x 7)
x x
x7
2
2
= x 7x + (x
7) + x = ( + ) x2 + (7 + ) x 7
Vy :
Bi 5
Gi
+ = 2
Cn bng h s 2 v ta c h : 7 + = 14
Vy :
7 = 49
Z
Z
2x2 14x 49
dx =
x3 7x2
Z
Bi 6 : Tm nguyn hm I6 =
Gi s rng :
8x 36
(x 5)
3
dx +
x
8x 36
(x 5)2
7
dx
x2
=3
=7
= 5
Z
5
7
dx = 3 ln |x| 5 ln |x 7| + c
x7
x
dx
(x 5) +
x 5 +
+
=
=
2
2
x 5 (x 5)
(x 5)(
(x 5)2
(
Cn bng h s 2 v ta c h :
=8
=8
=4
5 + = 36
Z
4
4
Vy : 8x 362 dx = x 8 5 dx +
dx = 8 ln |x 5|
+c
2
x5
(x 5)
(x 5)
Z
2 + 20x + 9
: Tm nguyn hm I7 = 6x
dx
x3 + 2x2 + x
2 + 20x + 9
6x2 + 20x + 9
Gi s rng : 6x
=
=
+
+
x3 + 2x2 + x
x + 1 (x + 1)2 x
x(x + 1)2
2
x (x + 1) + x + (x + 1)
( + ) x2 + ( + + 2) x +
=
=
2
2
x(x + 1)
x(x + 1)
+=6
= 3
Cn bng h s 2 v ta c h : + + 2 = 20 = 5
Bi 7
Vy :
6x2 + 20x + 9
dx =
x3 + 2x2 + x
=9
Z
3
dx +
x+1
=9
Z
2
dx +
(x + 1)
5
= 3 ln |x + 1|
+ 9 ln |x| + 1
x+1
9
dx
x
11
9x3 20x2 + 30x 97

dx
(x 2) (x 3) (x2 + 5)
9x3 20x2 + 30x 97
x +
Gi s rng : (x
=
+
+
2) (x 3) (x2 + 5)
x 2 x 3 x2 + 5
3
2
9x3 20x2 + 30x 97
9x 20x + 30x 97
=
5
,
=
lim
=4
= lim
x3
x2
(x 3) (x2 + 5)
(x 2) (x2 + 5)
9x3 20x2 + 30x 97
+
Do : (x 2) (x 3) (x2 + 5) = x 5 2 + x 4 3 + x
2
x +5
5 4 1
97
Cho x = 0 ta c : 30 = 2 3 + 5
1
13
x = 1 ta c : = 5 2 + ( + )
2
(6 1
(
3
=
Cn bng cc h s 2 v ta c h : 5 5 = 0
=3
+ =3
9x3 20x2 + 30x 97
5
4
3
Do ta c : (x
=
+
+
2) (x 3) (x2 + 5) Z x 2 x Z3 x2 + 5 Z
Z
3
9x 20x2 + 30x 97
5
4
3
Vy : (x
dx =
dx +
dx +
dx
2
2
2) (x 3) (x + 5)
x2
x3
x + 5

3
x
= 5 ln |x 2| + 4 ln |x 3| + arctan
+c
5
5
Z
3
2
: Tm nguyn hm I9 = 4x 21x 2 + 248x + 17 dx
(x 3) (x + 7)
3
2
+
Ta gi s rng : 4x 21x 2 + 248x + 17 = x 3 + 2 + x
2
x +7
(x 3) (x + 7)
(x 3)
Bi 9
0
4x3 21x2 + 48x + 17

4x3 21x2 + 48x + 17
= lim
=
0
,
=
lim
=5
x3
x3
x2 + 7
x2 + 7
3
2
5
+
x +
=
Do : 4x 21x 2 + 248x + 17 = x 0 3 + 5 2 + x
+
x2 + 7
x2 + 7
(x 3) (x + 7)
(x 3)
(x 3)2
5 1
Cho x = 0 ta c : 17
= + = 2
63
9 7
3
5 1
x = 1 ta c : = + ( + ) + = 2 = 2 = 4
2
4 8
4x3 21x2 + 48x + 17
5
4x 2
Suy ra :
=
+ 2
2
2
2 + 7)
x +7
(x Z
3)
Z (x3 3) (x
Z
2
4x 21x + 48x + 17
4x 2
5
Do :
dx =
dx +
dx
2
2
x2 + 7
(x 3) (x2 + 7)
(x
3)
Z
Z
Z
5
4x
dx
dx +
dx 2
=
2
2
2
x +7
x +7
(x 3)

5
2
x
=
+ 2 ln x2 + 7 arctan
+c
x3
7
7
Ta cn ch nhng vn nh sau :
P (x)
Gi s ta c hm phn thc : Q
trong bc P (x) nh hn bc ca Q (x) v ta gi s rng :
(x)
Q (x) = K (x) .R (x) = K (x) .(x a)n
12
P (x)
P (x)
T (x)
Do : Q
=
+
+
...
+
n =
n +
(x)
K (x) (x a)
xa
K (x) .(x a)
(x a)n1
Trong bc ca T (x) nh hn bc
tm cch h s , , ..., ta lm nh sau :
ca K (x).
0
P (x)
P (x)
= lim
, = lim
xa K (x)
xa K (x)
P (x)
, = lim
xa K (x)
Mt vn na khi phn tch mt phn thc l cc phn thc m khi mu c nghim phc .

P (x)
Cho phn thc c dng : Q
.Trong

:
Q (x) = K (x) .R (x) = K (x) . ax2 + bx + c
(x)
2
Vi : = b 4ac < 0 ta c cc nghim nh sau : xk = i, k = 0, 1, i2 = 1
P (x)
P (x)
T (x)
x +
Do ta c : Q
=
=
+ 2
2
(x)
K (x) . (ax + bx + c)
K (x) ax + bx + c
tm cc h
s
:
,
ta
lm
nh
sau
:

P (x)
Im [ + i]
Im [ + i]
= lim
,
= Rec [ + i] + || .
=
x+i K (x)
Cc th d mu nh sau :
2
+
x +
Tm cc h s , , , : (x2 + 4xx+ +6) x(x+2 +1 2x + 6) = x2x
+ 2
+ 4x+ 6 x + 2x + 6
2
Ta c nghim ca phng trnh : x + 4x + 6 = 0 x =
2 2 i
2
Nghim ca
: x + 2x
phng trnh
+ 6 = 0 x = 1 5 i
lim
x2+ 2i
2 5 2
x2 + x + 1
=
i
2
x + 2x + 6
3
12
Do ta c :

2 5 2
Im
i
3
12
5
=
= ,
12
2

2 5 2

Im
i
3
12
2 10
2
2 5 2
i + 2.
=
=
= Rec
3
12
3 12
12
2
2

x +x+1
1
5 5
Tng t ta cng c : lim x2 + 4x + 6 = 12 + 12 i
x1+ 5i

1
5 5
i
Im +
12
12
5
=
=
,
12
5

1
5 5

Im +
i
12
12
1
5 5
1
5
4
= Rec +
i +
= +
=
12
12
12 12
12
5
2
5x + 4
Vy ta c c : (x2 + 4xx+ +6) x(x+2 +1 2x + 6) = 12 (x5x
+
2 + 4x + 6)
12 (x2 + 2x + 6)
2
Tm cc h s , , , : 2 x + 1 2 = x
+
+
2
x +6
x + 2 (x + 2)2
(x + 6) (x + 2)
Nghim ca phng trnh : x2 + 6 = 0 x = 6 i

13
x2 + 1
Ta c : lim
2
x 6i (x + 2)
Do m ta c :
6
1
+
i
=
10
5
1
6
6
Im
+
i
10
5
1
=
= 5 =
5
6
6

1
6

Im
+
i
10
5
1
6
1
= Rec
=
+
i + 0.
10
5
10
6

= lim
x2
x2 + 1
4+1
5
1
=
=
=
2
x +6
4+6
10
2

= lim
x2
x2 + 1
x2 + 6
Vy ta c c :
0

= lim
x2
x2 + 1
10x
(x2 + 6)
20
1
=
100
5
1
1
2x + 1
+
2
(x2 + 6) (x + 2) Z 10 (x + 6) 5 (x + 2) 2(x + 2)2
: Tm nguyn hm I10 = (x2 x x++1)1(x2 + 1) dx
+
Gi s rng : (x2 x x++1)1(x2 + 1) = x2x +x + 1 + x
x2 +
1
Nghim ca phng trnh : x2 x + 1 = 0 x = 21 23 i
h x + 1 i 3 3
Ta c : lim
=
i
2
2
2
x 1 + 3 i x + 1
2
Bi 10
Do m ta c :
2

3
3
i
Im
2
2
= 1
=
3
2

3
3
1
3 1
= Rec
i + |1| = + = 2
2
2
2
2 2
Ta c nghimh ca phngi trnh : x2 + 1 = 0 x = i

x+1
Li c : xi
lim 2
= 1 + i
x x+1
Do suy ra :
= Im [1 + i] = 1 , = Rec [1 + i] = 1
+2
x1
+ 2
Do ta c : (x2 x x++1)1(x2 + 1) = x2x
x+1 x +1
Vy :
Z
(x2
x+1
dx =
x + 1) (x2 + 1)
14
Z
2x 1
3
dx
1
2x
dx
1
dx
+
+
dx
=
2+1
2
x2 x + 1 2
x2 x + 1 2
x2 + 1
x Z
Z
Z
Z
2
2
d x x+1
d x +1
3
dx
1
dx
1
+
+
=

2
2
2
2
2
x x+1
2
2
x +1
x +1
1
3
x
+
2
4

2x
1
1
1
+ ln x2 + 1 arctan x + c
= ln x2 x + 1 + 3 arctan
2
3 2

2
x +1
2x 1
1
= ln
+ 3 arctan
arctan x + c
2
2
x x+1
3
Bi tp bn c t luyn : Z
Z
Bi 3
x 2
dx
(x 1) (x + 1) (x + 2)
x2 1
dx
2 3x + 2 (x2 1)2
x
Z
1
dx
: Tm nguyn hm I3 =
2
2
2
Z (x + x2 + 2) (x + 1)
x 1
: Tm nguyn hm I4 =
dx
3
(x + 2) (x 1)3
Bi 4
PHNG PHP LNG GIC HA TRONG TCH PHN.
Dng tch phn
i bin s
iu kin
bini s
h

f x, a2 x2 dx
x = a sin t
t ;
h 2 2 3

a
f x, x2 a2 dx
x=
t 0;
;
cos t
2h
2
f x, x2 + a2 dx
x = a tan t
t 0;

r
2
a+x
dx
f x,
x = a cos 2t
t 0;
ax
p

h 2 i
f x, (x a) (b x) dx x = a + (b a) sin2 t
t 0;
2
Bng 1: Bng tm tt cc cng thc bin i lng gic bng cch i bin s.
1. Dng 1 : f x, a2 x2 dx
Z
Bi 1 : Tm nguyn hm A1 = 1xdx
x2
t : xZ = sin t dx Z= cos tdt

Z
xdx
sin t. cos tdt
p
Vy :
=
=
2
2
1x
Z
sin t. cos tdt

|cos t|
1
Z sin t
sin t. cos tdt
=
sin tdt = cos t + c, 0 t < ,
cos t
2
Z
= Z
sin t. cos tdt
3
= sin tdt = cos t + c, t <

,
cos t
2
15
Cch 2 :
iu kin :Z1 < x < 1, Z
Bin i : xdx 2 =
xdx
1 + x. 1 x
1x
(1 x) (1 + x)
Ta nhn thy : 1 x + 1 + x = 2. t : 1 x = 2 sin t, 1 + x = 2 cos t

Do Zta c : 1 x = 2sin2t Zdx = 4 sin2t.cos tdt
Z
1 2sin t sin t. cos tdt
xdx
Vy :
= 2 cos 2tdt = sin 2t + c
= 4
2 sin t. cos t
1 + x. 1 x
Cch 3 :Z
Ta c :
xdx
p
1

d 1 x2
1
1 x2 2 d 1 x2 = 1 x2 + c
=
2
Z1 x2
dx
: Tm nguyn hm A2 =
2+x+ 2x
Ta ch : 2 + x+ 2 x = 4,
Do ta t : 2 + x = 2 sin t, 2 x = 2 cos t, 0 t 2 ;
2 + x = 4sin2 t Z dx = 8 sin t cos tdtZ
Z
dx
sin t cos tdt
(sin t + cos t)2 1
Vy :
=4
=2
dt
sin
t
+
cos
t
sin
t
+
cos
t
2
+
x
+
2
x
Z
Z
Z
Z
dt
dt

= 2 (sin t + cos t)dt 2
sin t + cos t
sin t +
4
Z
Z
dt
t
t
2 sin
+
. cos
+
2 8
2 8

t

= 2 (sin t cos t) 2 ln tan
+
+c
2 8
Bi 2
xdx
=
2
1 x2
Bi 3 : Tnh tch phn A3 =
Z2
1 x2
p
1 x2 dx
t : x = sin t dx = cos tdt. i cn : Vi x = 0 t = 0, x =
Vy : A3 =
Z3
p
1 sin2 t
1 sin2 t cos tdt =
1
(1 + cos 2t) dt =
4
2
1 + 2 cos 2t + cos2 2t dt
Z3
1 + 2 cos 2t +

1 + cos 4t
2

1

=
3t + 2 sin 2t + sin 4t
8
4

1
Cch 2 :
cos4 tdt
1
4
Z3
t=
2
3
1 sin2 t cos2 tdt =
1
=
4
Z3
dt =
1
8
Z3
(3 + 4 cos 2t + cos 4t) dt
0
7 3
= +
8
64
16
Vi iu kin : 0 x 23 ta c : 1 x2 = 1 x. 1 + x
Ch rng : 1
x+1+x=2
Do ta t : 1 x = 2 sint, 1 + x = 2 cos t, dx = 4 sin t. cos tdt
i cn : x = 0 t = 4 , x = 23 t = 12
p
Vy : A3 = 32
Z12
Z12
sin2 t.cos2 t. sin t. cos t. sin t. cos tdt = 32
12
= 2
sin 2tdt = 2
Z

1 cos 4t 2
2
Vy : A4 =

1

= tan t
2

=
0
12
1 + cos 8t
dt
2
7 3
= +
8
64
Z4
p
2 2sin t
2 2sin t
1 2 cos 4t +
i cn : x = 0 t = 0, x = 1 t = 4 ,
2 cos tdt
2
Z
dx
(2 x2 ) 2 x2
0
x = 2 sin t dx = 2 cos tdt.
Z4
1
dt =
2

1 3
1
1

=
t sin 4t +
sin 8t
2 2
2
16

Z1
t :
12
12
sin4 t.cos4 tdt
1
2 cos tdt

=
2
2
2 2sin t 2 cos t
Z4
dt
cos2 t
1
2
Cch 2 :
q
p
p

p
2
Vi iu kin : 0 x 1 ta c : 2 x =
2x
2+x =
2 x.
2+x
q
q
p
p

t :
2 x = 2 2 sin t,
2 + x = 2 2 cos t,
Do : 2 x = 2 2 sin t, dx = 4 2 sin t. cos tdt

i cn : x = 0 t = 4 , x = 1 t = 8 ,
Vy : A4 =
Z8
Z8
Z8

4 2 sin t. cos tdt
dt
1
1
1
1
+
d (tan t)
4
4
tan2 t
sin2 t.cos2 t
8sin2 t.cos2 t.2 2 sin t. cos t

1
1

=
tan t

4
tan t
Z0
1
1
0=
2
2
dx
1+
x (x + 1)
12
Ta c : x (x + 1) =

1
1 1
x2 + x = x2 + 2. .x +
2
4 4

1
1
x+
4
2
2
17
t : x + 12 = 21 sin t dx = 12 cos tdt. i cn : x = 21 t = 0, x = 0 t = 2 ,
Z0
Vy : A5 =
12
1
2
2
Z
Z
cos tdt
cos
tdt
dt
dx
2
r
r
=
= 2
=

2 + cos t
2
2 + cos t
1 1 2
1
1 2
sin t
0 1+
0
0
1+
x+
4
2
4 t 4
t
2
2
Z
Z d tan
2
tan
dt
4

2
2
2
= 4
= arctan

t
t
2
2
0
3
3
2
2
1 + 2cos
tan + 3
0
0
2
2
0
1
4
2
94 3
4
+ arctan
arctan
= =
2 3 3
18
3
3
3
3
Z2
Cch 2 :
Ta ch : x + x + 1 = 1 . t : x = sin t, 1 + x = cos t
1
x = sin2 t dx = 2 sin t. cos tdt. i cn : x = t = , x = 0 t = 0

2
4
Vy :
Z0
Z0
dx
1+
x (x + 1)
21
2
2
2 sin t. cos tdt

=
1 + sin t. cos t
Z0
(2 + 2 sin t. cos t 2) dt
1 + sin t. cos t
Z4
Z4
dt
= 2
1 + sin t. cos t
2
d (tan t)
tan2 t + tan t + 1
2
2
Z4

0
t : u = tan t, Vi :
d (tan t)
= 2J

2
2
1
3
tan t +
+
2
4
t = 0 u = 0, t = u = 1
4
Z1
Z4
d (tan t)
dt
J =
=

2
1
1 2 3
3
tan t +
t+
+
+
0
0
4
2
4
2

1
3
3
t : t + 2 = 2 tan v dt = 2 1 + tan2v dv
i cn : t = 0 v = 6 , t = 1 v = 3 ,

Z1
Z3 3 1 + tan2 v dv
Z3

dt
2
2
2
Do :
=
=
dv = v

3
3
1 2 3
2
3
3
tan
v
+
t+
+
0
4
4
6
6
2
4
2
94 3
Vy ta c c : I = 2 2J = 2 = 18
3 3
=
3 3
2. Dng 2 : f x, x2 a2 dx
Z p
Bi 1 : Tm nguyn hm B1 = x x2 1 dx
18
t : x = cos1 t , t
Vy :
h
Bi 2 : Tnh tch phn B2 =

t :
Vy :
Z4
3
2
sin t
dt
2
cos2 t

r
r
sin t
2
1
sin
t

Z
Z
Z sin t.
1
cos t
sin t
cos2 t
cos2 t sin t
B1 =
.
dt =
.
dt =
dt
cos t Z cos2 t
cos t cos2 t
cos3 t
Z
Z
sin2 t
1 cos2 t
1 cos2 t
=
dt
=
dt
=
d (tan t)
4t
4t
2t
cos
cos
cos
Z

tan3 t
=
1 + tan2 t 1 d (tan t) =
+c
3
0;
x2
dx =
x2 4 dx
2 sin t
2
dx =
dt
,
i
cn
:
Vi
gi
tr
x
=
2
t
=
0,
x
=
4
t
=
x=
cos t r
cos2 t
3
r
2
4
Z3 4
Z3 4 sin t
Z3
4
2
2 sin t
sin2 t
cos t
cos2 t 2 sin t
B2 =
.
dt
=
16
.
dt
=
16
dt
cos2 t
cos2 t
cos2 t
cos2 t
cos5 t
0
Z3
Z3
sin2 t
1 sin2 t
= 16
sin2 t
d (sin t) = 16
cos6 t
Li t : u = sin t, t = 0 u = 0, t = 3 u =
Do :
sin2 t
(1 u2 )
16u2
(2)
u2
3
2
(u 1)3 (1 + u)3
16u2
=
+
+
+
+
+
3
3
2
3
2
u 1 (u 1)
1 + u (1 + u)
(1 u) (1 + u)
(u 1)
(1 + u)3
1 sin2 t
Phn tch :
u2
3 =
3 d (sin t)

= lim
x1
= lim
= 1, = lim
(1 + u)3
16u2

x1
(2)
16u2
,
(1 + u)3
16u2

= 1, = lim
= 1, = lim
3
x1
(u
1)
(u 1)3

16u2
= lim
=2
x1
(u 1)3
x1
Suy ra :
16u2
3
(1 u) (1 + u)
Vy : 16
sin2 t
Z
0
x1
16u2
(1 + u)3

= 2
,
= 1,
1
1
2
1
1
2
+
2
3
2
u 1 (u 1)
(1 + u) (1 + u)
(u 1)
(1 + u)3
3 d (sin t) =
1 sin2 t
3
2
Z
=
1
1
2
1
1
2
+
du
2
3
2
u 1 (u 1)
(1 + u) (1 + u)
(u 1)
(1 + u)3
19
Z2
"
u2
= 16
(u 1)3 (1 + u)3
du =
#

u
1

+ ln

2
2
u
+
1

(u 1)
2 u3 + u
3
2
= 28 3+ln

2 3
2+ 3
Cch 2 : p
+ t)
t : t = x2 4 t2 = x2 4 tdt = xdx dxt = d (x
x+t
Do cch t m ta c : t2 = x2 4 (t x) (t + x) = 4
Ta li t : u = t + x t x = u4
i cnZ : x = 2 t = 2, x =Z4
t=4+2 3

2
2 du Z 16 u3 2
p
1
4
4
2
Vy : x x2 4dx = 16 u + u u u u =
+
du
u5 16 4
4
u4
2 ln |u| + c
+
4
u
64

4
u4

B2 = 4 +
2 ln |u|
u
64

=
Thay cn vo ta c :
Z2
4+2 3

= 28 3 2 ln 2 + 3
dx
(x2 1) x2 1
2
3
tdt
2
.i
cn
:
Vi
gi
tr
x=
t : x = cos1 t dx = sin
2
cos t
Vy : B3 =
sin tdt
cos2 t
1
=

sin t
1
cos2 t
r 1
62 3
=
3
cos2 t
=
1
cos tdt
=
sin2 t
t=
,x = 2 t =
6
3
Z3
d (sin t)
sin2 t
Cch 2 : p
t : t = x2 1 t2 = x2 1 tdt = xdx, dtx = dxt
dt
d (x + t)
Do ta suy ra : dxt = dxx +
=
+t
x+t
Do cch t m ta c : t2 = x2 1 (t + x) (t x) = 1
t : u = t + x t x = u1 ,Vi gi tr x = 2 u = 3, x = 2 u = 2 + 3
Vy :
2+
Z 3
2+
Z 3
du
udu
B3 = 4
=4
=2

2
2 1)2
1
(u
u
u
3
3
u
2+ 3
2
62 3
=
=

1 u2 3
3
Z0
2+
Z 3
d u2 1
(u2 1)
dx
(x + 1) 3 2x x2
12
20
Ta c : B4 =
Z0
12
Z0
dx
(x + 1)
4 (x + 1)2
1
x+1
1
21
(x + 1)
Z2
1
4
ds
r
1
s2
1
4
Ch : Nu ta t :
th khi i cn th s ra hm s ngc arc... , do m ta
chn cchr
gii nh sau :
+ t)
t : t = s2 41 tdt = sds dst = d (s
s+t
1
t=
2 cos s
Do cch t ta c : (t s) (t + s) = 1, t : u = t + s t s = u1
3
i cn : s = 1 u = 1 + 2 , s = 2 u = 2 + 215
Z
Z
1
ds
du
= ln |u| + c
Do , ta c : q
=
2u
2
2 s2 41
Thay cn vo ta c :

2+ 215

1
1
4
+
15
B4 = ln |u|
= ln
2
2
2+ 3
1+ 23
Z0
Bi 5 :Tnh tch phn B5 =
dx
(x + 1) 3 + 2x x2
12
Z0
Bin i :
dx
=
(x + 1) 3 + 2x x2
12
Z0
dx
(x + 1)
(x + 1) (3 x)
21
Z0
dx
=
12
(x + 1)
3x
x+1
3x
tdt
dx
=
x+1
2
(x + 1)2
i cn: x = 12 t = 7, x = 0 t = 3
Z0
Z7
dx
tdt
7 3
q
Vy :
=
=
2t
2
2
3x
(x + 1)
1
x+1
t : t =
Cch 2 :0
Ta c :
Z
21
dx
=
(x + 1) 3 + 2x x2
Z0
12
dx
(x + 1)
4 (x 1)2
2
Gi s rng
q : i = 1
t : t = 4 (x 1)2 t2 i2(x 1)2 = 4 (t ix + i) (t + ix i) = 4
dt
d (ix + t i)
Do : tdt = i (x 1) d (ix) dix
=
=
t
i (x 1)
t + ix i
Li t : u = t + ix i ,do m ta c : t ix + i = u4

Vy ta c : t = 21 u + u4 , x = 2i1 u u4 + 1
21
Suy ra :
d (ix)
d (ix)
=
i (x + 1) t
du

=2
1
4
u
+ 2i u
2
u
du
u2 4 + 4ui
4 (x 1)2
Z
Z
du
d (u + 2i)
2
=2
+c
=2
=
2
2
2
u + 4ui + 4i
u + 2i
(u
+
2i)
1
Vi gi tr : x = 2 u = 27 32 i; x = 0 u = 3 i

3i
3 1
7 1
7 3
2
Thay cn vo ta c c : B5 = u + 2i = 2 + 2 i + 2 2 i = 2
7
3
i (x + 1)
3. Dng 3 : f
x,
2i

x2 + a2 dx
Bi 1 : Tnh tch phn C1 =
Z1 p
x2 + 1 dx
t : x = tan t dx = 1 + tan2t dt
i cn : x = 0 t = 0, x = 1 t = 4
Do :
Z4 p
x2 + 1dx =
tan2 t + 1 1 + tan2 t dt =
Z4
dt
=
cos3 t
d (sin t)
cos4 t
Z4
d (sin t)
=4
2 2
1 sin t
Z4
1 sin t + 1 + sin t
(1 sin t) (1 + sin t)
Z
2
d (sin t)
1
=
4
Z4
Z1 p
1
1
+
1 + sin t 1 sin t
2
d (sin t)
1
=
4
Z4
0
1
1 + sin t
2
1
d (sin t)+
4
Z4
1
1 sin t
2
1
d (sin t)+
2
Z4
1
d (sin t)
(1 + sin t) (1 sin t)
4

Z4
1
1
1
1 + sin t + 1 sin t

=
+
d (sin t)
+
4 (1 + sin t) 4 (1 sin t) 0
4
(1 + sin t) (1 sin t)
0

4

2 1 1 + sin t
2 1
=
+ ln
+
ln
1
+
2
=

2
4
1 sin t 0
2
2

Cch 2 : p
t : t = x2 + 1 t2 = x2 + 1 tdt = xdx
+ tdx
tdt + tdx
d (x + t)
Do : dxt = (x(x++t)t)dxt = xdx
=
=
(x + t) t
(x + t) t
x+t
2
2
Do cch t m ta c : t = x + 1 (t + x) (t x) = 1
Li t : u = t + x t x = u1
i cn : x = 0 t = 1, x = 1 t = 1 + 2
22
Do :
Z p
1
u+
u
u
2

du Z
x2 + 1 dx
2
1
1
=
u + + 3 du
+ 1dx =
=
4
u u
x2 + 1
2
u
1
1
=
+ ln |u| 2 + c
8 2
8u
1+2
2

2 1
=
+ ln 1 + 2
ta c c : u8 + 12 ln |u| 8u1 2
2
2
1
x2
Thay cn vo
Z3
1 p
ln 1 + x2 dx
x2
2
t : x = tan t dx = 1 + tan
t dt
i cn : x = 1 t = 4 , x = 3 x = 3
Vy :
Z3
1
ln
x2
1 + x2 dx =
Z3
p

1
1 + tan2 t 1 + tan2 t dt
ln
2
tan t
Z3
Z3
cot2 x + 1 ln (cos t) dt =
ln (cos t) d (cot t)
Z

3
1
sin t
3
2

= cot t ln (cos t) + cot t.
dt =
ln
+
ln
cos t
3
2
2
12

4
Cch 2 :
t : t = x2 + 1 t2 = x2 + 1, tdt = xdx
+ tdx
d (x + t)
Do m ta c : dxt = (x(x++t)t)dxt = xdx
=
(x + t) t
x+t
2
2
Li t : u = t + x t x = u1
i cn : x = 1 t = 1 + 2, x = 3 t = 2 + 3
Vy
1
1

1
1
u
2
: x2 ln 1 + x dx = 2
ln 2 u + u du
1 2
u
u
u
1

1
Z 1 1
Z
1

ln
u+
1
1
2
u
u2 du + c0
u+
d
= 2
+2
= 2 ln
1
1
1
2
u
u
u
u2 2
u
u
1

1 u

1
1
Z
ln
u+
ln
u+
du
2
u
2
u
0
= 2
+2
+ c = 2
+ 2 arctan u + c
2
1
1
u +1
u
u
u
u
u+
Thay cn vo ta c :
23
1

1
2+ 3
ln
u+

2
u
C2 = 2
+ 2 arctan u
1

u
1+ 2
u

ln 2
= + ln 2 + 2 arctan 2 + 3 2 arctan 1 + 2

3
1
3
2
ln
ln
=
+
3
2
2
12

Bin i :
x2 + 1
dx
x x4 + 1
1
4
Z3
x2 + 1 d x2
x2 x4 + 1
x2 + 1
1
dx =
2
x x4 + 1
= 1 + tan2 t dt
t : = tan t d
i cn : x = 1 t = 4 , x = 3 t = 3
x2
x2
Vy :
1
C3 =
2
Z3
Z3
(tan x + 1) d (tan x)
1
p
=
2
tan x tan2 x + 1
1
2
(tan x + 1) cos2 x 1 + tan2 x dx

sin x
Z
1
1
(tan x + 1) dx
=
sin x
2
cos x

1
sin x
dx =
1
2
Z3
Z3
d (sin x) 1
+
sin2 x 1 2
d (cos x)
cos2 x 1

3

sin x 1
1
cos
x
1

+ ln
=
ln

4
sin x + 1
cos x + 1
4

1

2 ln 2

3 + ln 3 2 2 ln 3 ln 3 2 2
4

1
=
2 ln 2 3 ln 3
4
Z1
x3
x2 + 1 dx
t : x = tan t dx = 1 + tan2t dt
i cn : x = 0 t = 0, x = 1 t = 4
Vy : C4 =
Z4
tan t
tan2 t + 1 1 + tan t dt =
Z4
0
sin t
dt =
cos6 t
Z4
cos2 t 1 d (cos t)
cos6 t

Z

h
i 4
1
1
1
1

=
d (cos t) =
+

cos4 t cos6 t
3cos3 t 5cos5 t 0
0
Cch 2
2 2 4 2
2
2+2 2
=
+
+
=
5
15
15
3
: t = x2 + 1 t2 = x2 + 1, tdt = xdx
24
+ tdx
tdt + tdx
d (x + t)
=
=
(x + t) t
(x + t) t
x+t
2
2
Li t : u = t + x t x = u1
Vi giZ tr : x = 0 u = 1, xZ=1 u = 1 + 2
p
1 3
1 2 du
u
Vy : x3 x2 + 1dx = 321
u+
u
u
u
1 2
1 2
1
1
u
u+
1 2 du
=
32 Z
u
u
u

2
2
1
1
1
1
u
=
u+
d u+
32 Z
u
u
u

2
2
1
1
1
1
u+
4 u+
d u+
=
u
u
u
32

5
3
1
1
1
1
=
u+
u+
+c
160
u
24
u
Z
Thay cn vo ta c :
1
1
u+
C4 =
160
u
5
1
1
u+
24
u

3
5
3 1+ 2
2
2
2
2
2
2+2 2

+
=
=

160
24
15
15
1
Z4
dx
cos x sin 2x + 2
Phn tch : sin 2x + 2 = 2 sin x cos x + 2 = cos2x

2
2 tan x +
2
2x
cos

= 2cos x tan x + tan x + 1 = 2cos x
Do :
Z4
Z4
1
tan x +
2
2
3
+
4
dx
dx
q
=
2
cos x sin 2x + 2
2cos2 x
tan x + 12 + 34
0
0

1
3
t : tan x + 2 = 2 tan t 1 + tan2x dx = 23 1 + tan2t dt
i cn : x = 0 t = 6 , x = 4 t = 3

Z3
Z3
Z3
Z3
2
2
3 1 + tan t dt
1 + tan t dt
1
dt
1
d (sin t)
r
Vy : C5 =
=
=
=
p 2
cos t
sin2 t 1
2
2
3
3
2 tan t + 1
2
2 2
tan t +
6
6
6
6
4
4

sin t 1 3

1
1
= 1 ln 2 3
= ln
ln 3

sin t + 1
2 2
2
2 2

t : x = 3 tan t dx = 3
6
3
Z3
dx
q
0
(x2 + 9)
1 + tan2 t dt
, Vi : x = 0 t = 0, x = 3
3t=
3
25
Vy : C6 =
Z3
0
1 + tan2 t
dt
1
p
=

9
9 1 + tan2 t
1 + tan2 t
Z3
0
3
1
3

cos tdt = sin t =
9
18
0
Cch 2 :
t : t = x2 + 9 t2 = x2 + 9, tdt = xdx
+ tdx
dx + dt
d (x + t)
=
=
(x + t) t
x+t
x+t
2
2
Li t : u = t + x t x = u9
i cnZ : x = 0 t = 3, xZ = 3 3 u = 6 +Z 3 3

d u2 + 9
dx
du
2
Vy : q
=4
=2
+c
= 2

2
2
2
9
u +9
(x2 + 9)
Thay cn vo ta c :
4.
u+

6+3 3
2
C6 = 2

u + 9 3
(u + 9)
4 + 2 3
2
3
+
=
=
36
18
18
r

a+x
Dng 4 : f x,
dx
ax
1
Z2 r
Bi 1 : Tnh tch phn D1 =
1+x
dx
1x
t : x = cos 2t dx = 2 sin 2tdt

i cn : x = 0 t = 4 , x = 12 t = 6
Vy : D1 = 2
Z6
r
cos 2t. sin 2t
1 + cos 2t
dt = 2
1 cos 2t
r
cos 2t. sin 2t
2cos2 t
dt
2sin2 t
Z6
Z6
Z6
= 4
cos 2t. sin t. cos t
cos t
dt = 4
sin t
cos 2t.cos2 tdt = 2
= 2
Z6
Z
cos 2t +

1 + cos 4t
2
cos 2t. (1 + cos 2t) dt
6
i
1
5 3 + 8

dt = sin 2t sin 4t t =
+
4
8
12

h
Cch 2 :
Ta nhn thy : 1 + x + 1 x = 2 do t : 1 + x = 2 sin t, 1 x = 2 cos t

Suy ra : 1 + x = 2sin2t dx = 4 sin t. cos tdt
i cn : x = 0 t = 4 , x = 12 t = 3
Vy : D1 = 4
Z3
sin t
2sin2 t 1
cos t
Z3
sin t. cos tdt =4
2sin2 t 1 sin2 tdt
26
Z3
cos 2t (cos 2t 1) dt = 2
=2
Z3
1 + cos 4t
cos 2t dt
2
h1
i 3
5 3 + 8

=
sin 4t sin 2t + t =
+
4
8
12

4
Z3
Bi 2 : Tnh tch phn D2 =
xdx
3+x+ 3x
0
x
3
Z3
Z
3+x
r
=
Bin i : xdx
dx
3+x+ 3x
3x
0 1+
0
3+x
t : x = 3 cos 2t dx = 6 sin 2tdt
i cn : x = 0 t = 4 , x = 3 t = 0
3 cos 2t
3 cos 2t
Z4
Z4
3 + 3 cos 2t
6cos2 t sin 2tdt
r
r
sin 2tdt = 6
Do : D2 = 6
3 3 cos 2t
6sin2 t
0 1+
0 1+
3 + 3 cos 2t
6cos2 t
=6 6
Z4
Z4
=6 6
Z4
Z4
Z4
Z4
cos 2t
sin t cos tdt = 6 6
sin t + cos t
(cos t sin t) sin t cos tdt

0
sin tcos2 tdt6 6
sin2 t cos tdt = 6 6
= 6 6
cos3 t
3
cos2 td (cos t)6 6
sin2 td (sin t)
sin t 4
+
= 2 3 + 2 6
3
0
3
Cch 2 :
Ta nhn thy : 3 + x + 3 x = 6 , do t : 3 + x = 6 sin t, 3 x = 6 cos t

Rt x ta c c : x = 6sin2t 3 = 3 2sin2t 1 , dx = 12 sin t cos tdt
i cn : x = 0 t = 4 , x = 3 t = 2
Vy : D2 =
Z2
Z
=
36 2sin t 1 sin t cos tdt
=
6 (sin t + cos t)
Z2
36 (sin t cos t) (cos t + sin t) sin t cos tdt
6 (sin t + cos t)
6 6 (sin t cos t) sin t cos tdt = 6 6
Z2
sin2 t cos tdt 6 6
=6 6
Z2
Z2
sin tcos2 tdt
sin2 td (sin t) + 6 6
Z2
cos2 td (cos t)
27

6 6
3
3
sin t + cos t = 2 6 2 3
=
3

4
5.

p
Dng 1 : f x, (x a) (b x) dx
Bi 1 : Tnh tch phn E1 =
Z2 p
(x 1) (2 x) dx
t : x = 1 + sin t dx = 2 sin t. cos tdt . i cn : x = 1 t = 0, x = 2 t = 2

2
Do : E1 = 2
Z2
1 + sin2 t 1
2 1 sin2 t dt
sin t. cos t
Z2
sin t. cos t
=2
sin2 t 1 sin2 t dt = 2
1
2
sin2 t.cos2 tdt
Z2
sin2 2tdt =
1
4
Z
0

2
i
1

(1 cos 4t)dt = t sin 4t =
4
8
8
0
h1
Cch 2 :
Ta ch : x 1 + 2 x = 1 , do ta t : x 1 = sin t, 2 x = cos t
Do : x 1 = sin2t dx = 2 sin t cos tdt .i cn : x = 1 t = 0, x = 2 t = 2
Vy : E1 = 2
Z2
Z2
Z2
sin2 t.cos2 t =
1
2
sin2 2tdt =
1
4

2
i
1

(1 cos 4t)dt = t sin 4t =
4
8
8
0
h1
28

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Tuyn tp cc chuyn  v k thut tnh nguyn hm,tch phn.

Nguyn Duy ng

Do  m ta suy ra 2 h s , bng cch i gii h :

dng : ax2 + bx + c = a (x x1) (x x2) 

Ta gi s rng : (3x2 2xx+ 5) (x + 1) =

Cho x = 0 ta c : (3x2 2xx+ 5) (x + 1) = x 1 +

Gi s rng : 7x x+3 75x

7x2 + 75x 150

9x3 20x2 + 30x 97

4x3 21x2 + 48x + 17

Nghim ca phng trnh : x2 + 6 = 0 x = 6 i

Ta c nghimh ca phngi trnh : x2 + 1 = 0 x = i

t : xZ = sin t dx Z= cos tdt

sin t. cos tdt

= sin tdt = cos t + c, t <

Ta nhn thy : 1 x + 1 + x = 2. t : 1 x = 2 sin t, 1 + x = 2 cos t

Bi 3 : Tnh tch phn A3 =

t : x = sin t dx = cos tdt. i cn : Vi x = 0 t = 0, x =

1 sin2 t cos tdt =

1 sin2 t cos2 tdt =

Do  ta t : 1 x = 2 sint, 1 + x = 2 cos t, dx = 4 sin t. cos tdt

sin2 t.cos2 t. sin t. cos t. sin t. cos tdt = 32

Bi 4 : Tnh tch phn A4 =

sin4 t.cos4 tdt

Do  : 2 x = 2 2 sin t, dx = 4 2 sin t. cos tdt

Bi 5 : Tnh tch phn A5 =

x = sin2 t dx = 2 sin t. cos tdt. i cn : x = t = , x = 0 t = 0

2 sin t. cos tdt

Bi 2 : Tnh tch phn B2 =

Bi 3 : Tnh tch phn B3 =

Bi 4 : Tnh tch phn B4 =

Bi 5 :Tnh tch phn B5 =

Bi 1 : Tnh tch phn C1 =

Bi 2 : Tnh tch phn C2 =

Bi 3 : Tnh tch phn C3 =

(tan x + 1) cos2 x 1 + tan2 x dx

Bi 4 : Tnh tch phn C4 =

Bi 5 : Tnh tch phn C5 =

Phn tch : sin 2x + 2 = 2 sin x cos x + 2 = cos2x

= 2cos x tan x + tan x + 1 = 2cos x

Bi 6 : Tnh tch phn C6 =

Bi 1 : Tnh tch phn D1 =

t : x = cos 2t dx = 2 sin 2tdt

cos 2t. sin t. cos t

cos 2t.cos2 tdt = 2

cos 2t. (1 + cos 2t) dt

Ta nhn thy : 1 + x + 1 x = 2 do  t : 1 + x = 2 sin t, 1 x = 2 cos t

2sin2 t 1 sin2 tdt

Bi 2 : Tnh tch phn D2 =

(cos t sin t) sin t cos tdt

sin tcos2 tdt6 6

sin2 t cos tdt = 6 6

cos2 td (cos t)6 6

Ta nhn thy : 3 + x + 3 x = 6 , do  t : 3 + x = 6 sin t, 3 x = 6 cos t

36 2sin t 1 sin t cos tdt

36 (sin t cos t) (cos t + sin t) sin t cos tdt

6 6 (sin t cos t) sin t cos tdt = 6 6

sin2 t cos tdt 6 6

sin tcos2 tdt

Bi 1 : Tnh tch phn E1 =

t : x = 1 + sin t dx = 2 sin t. cos tdt . i cn : x = 1 t = 0, x = 2 t = 2

sin2 t.cos2 tdt

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Tuyn tp cc chuyn v k thut tnh nguyn hm,tch phn.

Nguyn Duy ng

Do m ta suy ra 2 h s , bng cch i gii h :

dng : ax2 + bx + c = a (x x1) (x x2)

t : xZ = sin t dx Z= cos tdt

Ta nhn thy : 1 x + 1 + x = 2. t : 1 x = 2 sin t, 1 + x = 2 cos t

t : x = sin t dx = cos tdt. i cn : Vi x = 0 t = 0, x =

Do ta t : 1 x = 2 sint, 1 + x = 2 cos t, dx = 4 sin t. cos tdt

Do : 2 x = 2 2 sin t, dx = 4 2 sin t. cos tdt

x = sin2 t dx = 2 sin t. cos tdt. i cn : x = t = , x = 0 t = 0

t : x = cos 2t dx = 2 sin 2tdt

Ta nhn thy : 1 + x + 1 x = 2 do t : 1 + x = 2 sin t, 1 x = 2 cos t

Ta nhn thy : 3 + x + 3 x = 6 , do t : 3 + x = 6 sin t, 3 x = 6 cos t

t : x = 1 + sin t dx = 2 sin t. cos tdt . i cn : x = 1 t = 0, x = 2 t = 2