TRNH BY LUN VN KHOA HC

PGS.TS. Phm Vn Hin

i hc Nng Lm TP. H Ch Minh
Nhiu hc vin cm thy kh khn, lng tng khi bo v kt qu nghin
cu ca mnh trc Hi ng chm lun vn tt nghip; lng nghe v thu hiu,
ti tm tt my chnh v cch trnh by lun vn khoa hc - mt tc phm khoa
hc, thnh qu lao ng ca bn sau 2-3 nm di mi kinh s v luyn v cng
ti Nng Lm t. y khng phi l mt khun mu bt bin, bn hon ton
c quyn thay i ty ni cng thm hu ca bn.
1. Chun b cc slide cho bi bo co
Thao trng m hi, chin trng bt mu, ni nghe rt gh,
nhng ng l bn cng chun b tt, bn s t tin v c hi thnh cng cao hn.
Tng s slide ca mt bo co nn <40 slides v cn:
- Ngn gn, t ch/slide, r rng v logic
- Mc tiu v ch nhng ni dung chnh cn trnh by
- Hnh nh minh ha
- Kim tra li tnh hp l
- Khng a ra nhng phn kh, nhng phn khng hiu r
- Nn thc tp trnh by trc v c s gp ca nhiu ngi khc (Hi
ng gi).
* Trn mt slide
Khng nn vit qu nhiu t trn 1 slide
Thng thng mt hng khng nn > 10 t.
C ch (size > 28) v kiu ch chn phng d c v thay i ty theo
kch thc ca phng.
Khng trang tr hay to hiu ng qu rm r lm mt tp trung ca ngi
nghe vo trng tm ca vn bn bo co.
Trnh s dng nhng s k thut phc tp bo co. Nu cn thit
phi trnh by, cn lc b nhng chi tit khng cn thit.
Nhng slide khng ph hp vi ni dung ca bi bo co th khng nn s
dng.
S dng mu nn slide thch hp, d nhn.
Mu cho ch vit v nn nn tng phn.

2. Cu trc ca bi bo co
Tn lun vn, tc gi, ngi hng dn
(1 slide)
Dn bi nhng phn ca bo co (ch/s )
(1 slide)
t vn
(2-3 slides)
Trnh by tnh cp thit ca nghin cu, hng gii quyt vn v a ra
mc tiu ti.
Ni dung v phng php
(5-6 slides)
Cc ni dung nghin cu
Phng tin, vt liu
Phng php
Ch tiu theo di
Kt qu
(20-25 slides)
Trnh by nhng kt qu chnh theo ni dung nghin cu
Minh ha bng bng, s , hnh nh ph hp kt qu ca ti nghin
cu.
Kt lun
(1-2 slide)
Khi qut li kt qu nghin cu vi mt hai s liu minh ha
ngh
(1 slide)
Nu tn ti v ngh hng nghin cu tip.
Li cm n
(1 slide)
Slides d phng
(0-3 slides)
Khng tnh vo bi bo co dng tr li nhng cu hi c d on
trc.
3. Cch trnh by bo co
Trnh by mt bo co tt phi t yu cu sau:
Gii thiu cho ngi nghe bit c nhng ni dung cn trnh by;
i su vo ni dung cn trnh by;
Kt thc phn trnh by;
Ngi nghe hiu c phn trnh by.
ng thi gian cho php, < 2 pht/slide chnh l tt nht
Bm st ni dung trng tm ca ti, khng c i lc .
Nu mun lm r mt vn no m cn nhiu thi gian th nn dnh
cho phn tho lun.
C th t t cu hi gi cho khn gi v y l nhng cu hi c
chun b trc.
Cch pht m r rng, khng ln hay nh ting.
Khng ni nhanh qu hoc ni mt cch chm chp
Ging ni t nhin, mc d y khng phi l m thoi.

Thnh thong nn dng li mt cht mt chnh th v v y cng l

cch nhn mnh chnh .
Trnh dng nhng cu ni a khi trnh by bi bo khoa hc.
bi bo co thm sinh ng nn thay i cch ni nh:
Tc ni lc nhanh, lc chm
cao thp ca ging ni theo mc ho hng (kh y!)
Dng bt laser, thc ch nhn mnh nhng chnh
Khng di chuyn tay nhiu qu
C ch khi bo co
Nhn v pha khn gi, o mt u, khng nhn m m vo mt ngi
Lu n v tr ng khi trnh by
Kim tra tm nhn ca khn gi m chn v tr ng cho ph hp
Cn hiu chnh mn hnh cho tht r nt.
Trnh di chuyn qu nhiu
Lng nghe v thu hiu
4 Tr hun c
ng gp rt ln cho bui bo co, cn chun b y v cn trng,
kim tra hot ng ca chng, nh chuyn gia hng dn k nu bn khng
rnh s dng.
Overhead
My chiu slides
My tnh v LCD
Video v film
Hnh nh
Lu n nh sng cn phng, nu c th nn tt n v tr mn chiu.
5. Ging ni v iu b
5.1 Ging ni
Ging ni r rng, din t mch lc
Cch xc nh cht lng m ging nh sau:
- m lng: Ni ln cao thp ca ging ni. Phi ni to khn gi c
th nghe c, nhng khng cn phi qu ln ting.
- Ting ni: Pht m r rng, chun xc.
- m iu: Ni ln tnh trm bng ca ging ni. Bn khng nn gi mc
u u, d gy bun chn cho ngi nghe.

m ging lc trm lc bng, lc ln ging, lc h thp, khi nhanh, khi

chm ty tnh hung ca vn ang bo co nh: mun nhn mnh, khng nh,
nghi ng, cha chc chn, ... (Kh lm y, phi tp thi!).
C 2 phng php hon chnh ging ni:
- Lng nghe ging ni ca bn thn v thc hnh
- t bn tay phi ln tai phi v hi ko vnh tai hng v trc v tay
tri che ming sao cho ging ni trc tip ln tai nghe.
- Ghi m v nghe li
Thc tp nhiu ln v iu chnh ging ni ca chnh mnh theo mun.
5.2 C ch
- Mt quan st
- Biu l gng mt
- iu b
- Dng ng v t th
- Trang phc
Trnh by l k nng bm sinh, tuy nhin nu tp luyn, sa cha th c
th ci thin tt hn.
6. Nhng thi quen xu
Cch xng h: mnh hoc dng t uh, Ah, h, hay cm t bn
bit khng.
t tay vo trong ti qun trong thi gian trnh by
Gc hai tay ln bc
7. Vt qua s hi
Bn phi gii quyt c cu hi:
- Ti sao lo s khi bo co trc Hi ng?
- Cch no vt qua iu ny?
7.1 Cm gic s hi
7.2 Biu hin ca s hi
Tim p mnh v c hng b kh, mt ti xanh
C ngi th cm thy bun nn hay b chong.
Khng kim sot trnh by s km mch lc, d qun v lng tng.
7.3 Nhng bc vt qua s s hi
C nhiu cch vt qua s s hi khi trnh by trc m ng:
- T tin

- Chun b k bi bo co trc khi trnh by trc m ng.

- Thc tp nhiu ln cch bo co.
- C bin son ln giy d phng khi qun khng bit ni g.
- Sau khi chun b xong hy qun i bo co.
- Cm thy thoi mi, ht th su (t nht 3 ln) nhn thng xung khn gi
mt cch t tin trc khi ni.
Chun b bo co
Chun b bi bo co k lng. Sp xp tng g, ni dung g trnh
by, cn phi hiu i tng ngi nghe l ai v iu kin ni bo co nh th
no.
Chun b
Lit k nhng thng tin quan trng cn thit bo co.
a im ni bo co
V tr ng s bo co khng che khut mn chiu.
Chun b trc phng tin cn thit, Laptop, Projector, microphone.
Thc tp
- Tp dt nhiu ln trc khi bo co chnh thc.
- Tp bo co mt mnh, phi t mnh vo tnh hung nh trc m ng
v bo co tht s, gip cho bo co vin khi b ng, ngng ngng.
- S dng gng soi
Tm gng phn nh r nt gng mt, hnh ng, c ch, dng iu, cch thc
din t, iu ny gip bo co vin t hiu chnh phong cch bo co ca mnh.
- ng mt gc phng
Mt cm gic rt th v khi ng trnh by mt gc phng, m thanh s phn
hi li v qua nhn bit ging ni ca chnh mnh, t c th iu chnh
cch ni cho ph hp.
Thu m
Thu m li bng bng Cassette. Nghe i nghe li nhiu ln nhn ra cht
ging, cch ni, cch pht m, cch ngt cu, kim tra ni dung cc phn trnh
by, cch din t, t nhn ra sai st, va vp m t iu chnh cho bui bo
co thnh cng nh mong mun.
- Thc hnh cng bn b
Tp bo co trc nhm bn thn, y l phn thc tp gn vi thc t nht, cho
d ch mt ngi nghe th cng tt cho lai hnh thc tp ny.

Bin son d phng

Phn bin son d phng c th l dn bi ca bi bo co vi vi tm th
nh ghi nh, nhc nh ni dung bi bo co.
To tm l thoi mi
- Cho rng khn gi l bn
- Xem c ta l nhng ngi thn thin, trnh cm gic t ti vi chnh
mnh
- T k m th
- Ngh rng khn gi ng h bi bo co
- S bnh tnh
Khi bt u bo co, nn ht su v th ra t t vi ln, ch tm vo hi
th.
m ti mi trc khi bt u bo co.
T tin v t iu khin thn kinh ca mnh.
Chc bn thnh cng.