Chapter 6

Chapter 6
PHN B CNG SUT TRONG H THNG IN
6.1 Bi ton phn b cng sut

6.2 Cc loi nt trong h thng in
6.3 Cc phng trnh c bn
6.4 PBCS bng php lp Gauss-Seidel
6.5 PBCS bng php lp Newton-Raphson
6.1 Bi ton phn b cng sut
Phn b cng sut l bi ton quan trng trong qui hoch, thit
k pht trin h thng, xc nh ch vn hnh tt nht ca
HT.
i tng kho st ca bi ton phn b cng sut l tr s in
p, gc pha ti cc thanh ci (nt), dng cng sut tc dng v
phn khng trn cc nhnh, tn tht cng sut trong mng
in.
C s l thuyt ca bi ton phn b cng sut da trn hai nh
lut Kirchhoff v dng in v in p.
6.2 Cc loi nt trong HT
C 3 loi nt hay thanh ci:

1. Thanh ci cn bng: l thanh ci my pht in p ng
nhanh chng vi s thay i ca ph ti. Nh vo b iu
tc nhy cm, my pht in cn bng c kh nng tng ti
hoc gim ti kp thi theo yu cu ca ton h thng. Bit
c tr in p U v gc pha ca n.
2. Thanh ci my pht: i vi cc my pht in khc ngoi
my pht cn bng, cho bit trc cng sut thc P m my
pht ra (nh trc v l do nng sut nh my) v in p U
thanh ci . Cn gi l thanh ci PU
3. Thanh ci ph ti: bit trc cng sut P v Q ca ph ti
yu cu. Cn gi l thanh ci PQ. Nu khng c my pht
hay ph ti mt nt no th coi nt nh nt ph ti
vi P=Q=0.

Nt cn bng
Constant: |U|, 0
Unknown: P, Q
~
Nt ph ti
Constant: P, Q
Unknown: |U|,
4
Nt my pht
Constant: |U|, P
Unknown: , Q
~
Nt ph ti c
P=Q=0
Unknown: |U|,
Real
power
(P)
Reactive
power
(Q)
Voltage
magnitude
Voltage
angle
Reference
(slack)
unknown
unknown
constant
constant
Voltage
(generator, PU)
constant
unknown
constant
unknown
Load
(PQ)
constant
constant
unknown
unknown
Bus

1. Phng trnh dng in nt
I = [ YBUS ] U
Ch
Chiu dng in qui c l chiu i vo nt
My pht v ph ti ko nm trong [YBUS]
V d phng trnh cho nt th k cho mng c n nt
Ik = Yk1U1 + Yk 2U 2 + + YknU n

1. Phng trnh dng in nt
I = [ YBUS ] U
V d phng trnh cho nt th k cho mng c n nt
Ik = Yk1U1 + Yk 2U 2 + + YknU n
Ch
My pht v ph ti ko nm trong [YBUS] (ma trn
tng dn ca mng th ng)
Chiu dng in qui c l chiu i vo nt
Dng in i vo cc nt my pht v ph ti cha
bit nhng c th vit theo P, Q, U

Gi s nt th k l nt ph ti
*
I = ( Pk + jQk ) = Pk jQk
k
U k*
U k*
Pk jQk
+ Y U + + Y U
=
Y
U
k1 1
k2 2
kn n
*
Uk

Gi s nt th k l nt my pht
Pk jQk
+ Y U + + Y U
=
Y
U
k
1
1
k2 2
kn n
*
Uk
n
Pk jQk = U k* YkiU i
i =1
* n
Qk = Im U k YkiUi
i =1
10

2. Phng trnh cng sut nt
U i = U i i , Yki = Yki ki
Cng sut i vo nt k
*
Sk = U k I k
11
(trong n v tng i)
*
Sk = Pk + jQk = U k (Yk1U1 + Yk 2U 2 + + YknU n )
= Yk1 U1 U k / k 1 k1 + Yk 2 U 2 U k / k 2 k 2 +
+ Ykn U n U k / k n kn
n
= Yki U i U k / k i ki
i =1
12
3. Dng cng sut trn nhnh v tn tht

Khi bi ton phn b cng sut hi t, ta c th tnh ton dng cng
sut trn cc nhnh v tn tht trn cc nhnh
(p)
(q)
ypq
Iqp
Ipq
Spq
y'pq
2
y'pq
2
Sqp
ypq: tng dn nhnh pq

y'pq dung dn ton ng dy pq, nu nhnh l MBA cho ypq = 0

Dng in i vo nt p ca nhnh pq
Ipq = (U p U q ) y pq
pq
y
+ U p
2
Cng sut i vo ng dy thanh ci p
S *pq = Ppq jQ pq = U *p Ipq

= U (U p U q ) y pq
*
p
pq
y
+ U U p
2
*
p
13

Tng t, cng sut i vo ng dy thanh ci q
*
S qp
= Pqp jQqp = U q* Iqp
= U (U q U p ) y pq
*
q
pq
y
+ U U q
2
*
q
Tn tht cng sut trn nhnh pq (k c cng sut np do in

dung ng dy)
S pq = Ppq + j Q pq = ( Ppq + Pqp ) + j (Q pq + Qqp )

S pq = S pq + S qp
Tn tht trn ton mng in
S = S pq
14

1. Php lp Gauss-Seidel
Xt h phng trnh
a11 x1 + a12 x2 + ... + a1n xn = y1

a x + a x + ... + a x = y
21 1
22 2
2n n
2
an1 x1 + an 2 x2 + ... + ann xn = y n

1
x1 = a [ y1 a12 x2 ... a1n xn ]

11
=
x
[ y2 a21 x1 ... a2 n xn ]
2
a22
x
=
n a yn an1 x1 ... an (n 1) xn 1
nn
15

(0)
1
y1
=
a11
(0)
2
y2
=
a22
...
(0)
n
yn
=
ann
1
(k )
( k 1)
( k 1)
( k 1)
x
=
y
a
x
a
x
...
a
x
1
12 2
13 3
1n n
1
a11
1
(k )
(k )
( k 1)
( k 1)
x
=
y
a
x
a
x
...
a
x
2
21 1
23 3
2n n
2
a22
x ( k ) = 1 y a x ( k ) a x ( k ) ... a x ( k 1)
3
31 1
32 2
3n n
3
a33
1
xn( k ) =
y n an1 x1( k ) an 2 x2( k ) ... an (n 1) xn( k11)
ann
16
17
iu kin dng vng lp ca php lp Gauss v Gauss - Seidel
(k )
i
( k 1)
i
18
2. PBCS Dng YBUS

Phng trnh dng
in ti nt k (ko tnh
nt cn bng):
Pk jQk
+ Y U + + Y U
=
Y
U
k
1
1
k2 2
kn n
*
Uk
n
1 Pk jQk
Uk =
YkiUi
*
Ykk U k
i =1
ik
Hng s
Xc nh trong php tnh trc
Hng s nu ph ti, c xc nh t vng lp nu MF
19
Ch :
i vi nt my pht (k c my pht cn bng) c ph ti hoc
c thit b b cs phn khng, bin cng sut ti nt l tng i
s ca cc dng cng sut i vo nt.
PL + jQL
PMF + jQMF
(k)
Qbu
Pk = PMF PL
Qk = QMF QL + Qbu
B Cng sut
phn khng
20
i vi nt my pht PU (gi s nt k), trong qu trnh lp, ti

bc lp th i no m
(i )
k
Q [Q min , Qmax ]
Qmin, Qmax : cng sut phn khng nh nht v ln nht i vo nt
k (tnh lun Q ca ph ti nu ti nt k c ph ti)
if Qk( i ) > Qmax Qk( i ) = Qmax

(i )
k
if Q
(i )
k
< Qmin Q
= Qmin
Khi nt my pht PU c x l nh nt ph ti PQ v
in p c tnh ton li.

BT6.1 Cho h thng 3 nt nh hnh v
1
(0.05 + j0.2) vt
P3 = 0.4 vt
-
xc = 3
MF cn bng
(0.01 + j0.04) vt
|U3| =1.1
- 1<0 +
21
(0.02 + j0.06) vt
P2 = 0.8 vt
Q2 = 0.6 vt (ti cm)
Tnh tr in p thanh ci 3 v gc pha sau 3 ln lp Gauss-Seidel

BT6.2 Cho h thng 3 nt nh hnh v (BT6.12 trang 270)
j/30 vt
U1 = 1<0 1
2
400 MW
~
MF cn bng
320 MVar
j0.0125 vt
j0.05 vt
Scb = 100 MVA
3
300 MW
270 MVar
1. Tnh U2, U3, P1, Q1, bng Gauss-Seildel vi = 0.01 (1%)

2. Tnh dng cng sut v tn tht trn cc nhnh
3. Kim tra kt qu bng lfgauss (CHP6EX9)
22
23

U1 = 1.025<0 1
300 MW
j0.05 vt
3
~
MF cn bng
|U3| =1.03
-300 QMF3 400 MVar
j0.025 vt
j0.025 vt
200 MW
150 MVar
2
400 MW
Scb = 100 MVA
200 MVar
1. Tnh U2, U3, PMF1, QMF1, QMF3, bng Gauss-Seildel vi = 0.01 (1%)
2. Tnh S12, S13, S23
24

U1 = 1.025<0 1
300 MW
j0.05 vt
3
~
MF cn bng
j0.025 vt
Scb = 100 MVA
j0.025 vt
2
|U3| =1.03
300 QMF3 400 MVar
200 MW
400 MW
150 MVar
200 MVar
1. Tnh U2, U3, PMF1, QMF1, QMF3, bng Gauss-Seildel vi = 0.01 (1%)
2. Tnh S12, S13, S23
6.5 PBCS bng php lp Newton-Raphson 25

1. Php lp Newton-Raphson
Mt bin
f ( x) = 0
Khai trin Taylor (xt n bc 1)
f ( x + x ) = f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) x +
Chn x(0): tr s gn ng ban u
f '' ( x )
2!
( x ) +
y = f ( x)
Tnh x(1): tr s gn ng th 2, vi
gi thit
x (1) = x (0) + x
(1)
(1)
=
x
=0
y
f
( )
f ( x (0) )
Li gii
thc t
x
x(1)
x(0)
( ) = f ( x ) + f '( x ) x = 0
(1)
(0)
f x
(0)
(
)
x =
f '( x )
f x (0)
y = f ( x)
(0)
x (1) = x (0)
f ( x (0) )
( )
f '( x )
f x (0)
(0)
f ( x (1) )
Li gii
thc t
x(2) x(1)
x ( k +1) = x ( k )
( )
f '( x )
f x(k )
(k )
x(0)
f ( x (0) )
f ( x (0) )

y1 = f1 ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn )
Nhiu bin
y2 = f 2 ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn )
.................................
yn = f n ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn )
Khai trin Taylor fi(x1,x2,,xn) (xt n bc 1)

f1
f1
f1
y1 = f1 ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn ) + x x1 + x x2 + ... + x xn
1
2
n
f 2
f 2
f 2
x1 +
x2 + ... +
xn
y2 = f 2 ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn ) +
x1
x2
xn
.....................................................................................
f n
f n
f n
y n = f n ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn ) + x x1 + x x2 + ... + x xn
1
2
n
f1
f1
f1
y1 f1 ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn ) = x x1 + x x2 + ... + x xn
n
1
2
f 2
f 2
f 2
x1 +
x2 + ... +
xn
y 2 f 2 ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn ) =
x1
x2
xn
f n
f n
f n
y n f n ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn ) = x x1 + x x2 + ... + x xn
1
2
n

Ma trn Jacobi nn
f1
x
1
f 2
x
1
...
f n
x1
Or
f1
x2
...
f 2
x2
...
...
...
f n
x2
...
Vector thng d n1
f1
xn
x1 y1 f1 ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn )
f 2
x2 y 2 f 2 ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn )
xn
... =
...
...

xn yn f n ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn )
f n
xn
[ J ][ X ] = [ Y ]

(0)
Chn gi tr ban u cho cc bin s x1
, x2(0) ,..., xn(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
x
,
x
,...,
x
Tnh
1
2
n
f1
x1 0
f 2
x1 0
...
f n
x1
0
f1
x2
f 2
x2
...
0
...
0
...
...
f n
x2
...
0
Or
f1
xn 0
y1 f1 x1(0) , x2(0) ,..., xn(0)
(0)
x1
f 2 (0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
y
f
x
,
x
,...,
x
x
2
2
1
2
n
2
=
xn 0
...
...
... (0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
xn y n f n x1 , x2 ,..., xn
f n
xn 0
(
(
(0)
(0)
[ J ] [ X ]
(0)
= [ Y ]
)
)
)

Tnh
(1)
1
x
x
(1)
2
x1(1) , x2( 2) ,..., xn(3)

(0)
1
=x
=x
(0)
2
(0)
1
+ x
+ x
(0)
2
Or
...........................
x
(1)
n
=x
(0)
n
+ x
(1)
[X ]
(0)
= [X ]
(0 )
n
Lp cho n khi hi t (tnh
(k )
[ X ]
( k +1)
[X ]
(0)
+ [ X ]

2. PBCS Dng YBUS
Xt HT c 3 nt nh hnh v
1 U 1 1
U 3 3
My pht
~
MF cn bng
2
3 Bin s cn tm
2 , 3 ,| U 2 |
U 2 2
Ti
3 phng trnh
P2 = constant
P3 = constant
Q2 = constant

2. PBCS Dng YBUS
Gi s, HT c
l nt ph ti (PQ) v
g nt my pht (PU)
Bin s, s lng bin ?
S lng phng trnh?
(l +g) bin
l bin |U|
(l +g) pt P = constant
l
pt Q = constant

Cng sut i vo nt i
.
.
.
S = Pi jQi = U i Yi1 U 1 + ... + Yii U i + ... + Yin U n
*
i
.
.
.
.*
Pi = Re U i Yi1 U 1 + ... + Yii U i + ... + Yin U n
Q = Im U * i Y U. 1 + ... + Y U. i + ... + Y U. n
i1
ii
in
i
. . .
P
=
U
U
Y
cos
( ij j i )
i j =1 i j ij
n
.
.
.
Q = U i U j Y ij sin +
( ij j i )
i
j =1
U i = U i i
Yij = Yij ij

P
P
U
Q
U
Ma trn Jacobi
Pp
Pn
Up
Q p
Um
Nt PQ v PU
Nt PQ
Qm
Pi , scheduled Pi ( ,| U |)
Qi , scheduled Qi ( ,| U |)
P
U
.
.
.
Pi
= U i U j Y ij sin ( ij + j i ) ,
j
Pi
=
i
i j
. . .
U i U j Y ij sin ( ij + j i )
j =1, j i
.
.
Pi
= U i Y ij cos (ij + j i ) ,
Uj
i j
.
.
n
Pi
. .
= 2 U i Y ii cos ii + U j Y ij cos (ij + j i )

j =1, j i
Ui
.
.
.
Qi
= U i U j Y ij cos ( ij + j i ) ,
j
Qi
=
i
. . .
U i U j Y ij cos ( ij + j i )
j =1, j i
.
.
Qi
= U i Y ij sin (ij + j i ) ,
Uj
Q
i j
i j
.
.
n
Qi
. .
= 2 U i Y ii sin ii U j Y ij sin (ij + j i )

j =1, j i
Ui

Trnh t tnh ton
From YBUS
Chn gi tr ban u cho in

p ti cc nt (tr nt cn bng)
t bin vng lp k =0
Tnh ton CS P v Q i vo cc nt (tr nt cn bng)
n
(k ) (k ) .
(k )
Pi = U i U j Y ij cos ( ij + (j k ) i( k ) )
j =1
n
(k ) (k ) .
(k )
(k )
(k )
Qi = U i U j Y ij sin ( ij + j i )
j =1

Tnh ton cc sai s cng sut gia gi tr qui
nh v gi tr tnh ton (tr nt cn bng)
Pi ( k ) = Pi , scheduled Pi ( k )
Qi( k ) = Qi , scheduled Qi( k )
(k )
(k )
i
max Pi , Q
}<
No
Tnh ton cc phn t trong ma
trn Jacobi ti (k) v |U|(k)
Yes
END

Tm cc tr s hiu chnh ca gc pha v gi
tr ca in p
i( k )
(k )
U i
(k )
1 Pi
= [ Jacobi ]
(k )
Q
i
Tnh ton li in p ti cc nt
i( k +1) = i( k ) + i( k )
Ui
( k +1)
= Ui
(k )
+ Ui
k = k+1
(k )

BT6.5 Cho h thng 3 nt nh hnh v (VD5.9 trang 194)
0.02 + j0.04 vt
U1 = 1.05<0 1
2
400 MW
250 MVar
MF cn bng
0.01 + j0.03 vt
0.0125 + j0.025 vt
3
|U3| =1.04
200 MW
Scb = 100 MVA
~
1. Tnh U2, U3, P1, Q1, bng Newton-Raphson vi = 0.01 (1%)
2. Tnh dng cng sut v tn tht trn cc nhnh
3. Kim tra kt qu bng lfnewton (CHP6EX11)

Chapter 6 - Phan Bo Cong Suat Trong HTD

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Chapter 6 - Phan Bo Cong Suat Trong HTD

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PHN B CNG SUT TRONG H THNG IN

6.1 Bi ton phn b cng sut

6.1 Bi ton phn b cng sut

6.2 Cc loi nt trong HT

C 3 loi nt hay thanh ci:

6.2 Cc loi nt trong HT

6.2 Cc loi nt trong HT

6.2 Cc loi nt trong HT

6.3 Cc phng trnh c bn

6.3 Cc phng trnh c bn

V d phng trnh cho nt th k cho mng c n nt

6.3 Cc phng trnh c bn

6.3 Cc phng trnh c bn

6.3 Cc phng trnh c bn

Sk = Pk + jQk = U k (Yk1U1 + Yk 2U 2 + + YknU n )

6.3 Cc phng trnh c bn

3. Dng cng sut trn nhnh v tn tht

ypq: tng dn nhnh pq

6.3 Cc phng trnh c bn

Cng sut i vo ng dy thanh ci p

S *pq = Ppq jQ pq = U *p Ipq

6.3 Cc phng trnh c bn

Tn tht cng sut trn nhnh pq (k c cng sut np do in

S pq = Ppq + j Q pq = ( Ppq + Pqp ) + j (Q pq + Qqp )

6.4 PBCS bng php lp Gauss-Seidel

a11 x1 + a12 x2 + ... + a1n xn = y1

an1 x1 + an 2 x2 + ... + ann xn = y n

x1 = a [ y1 a12 x2 ... a1n xn ]

6.4 PBCS bng php lp Gauss-Seidel

6.4 PBCS bng php lp Gauss-Seidel

iu kin dng vng lp ca php lp Gauss v Gauss - Seidel

6.4 PBCS bng php lp Gauss-Seidel

2. PBCS Dng YBUS

6.4 PBCS bng php lp Gauss-Seidel

6.4 PBCS bng php lp Gauss-Seidel

i vi nt my pht PU (gi s nt k), trong qu trnh lp, ti

if Qk( i ) > Qmax Qk( i ) = Qmax

6.4 PBCS bng php lp Gauss-Seidel

6.4 PBCS bng php lp Gauss-Seidel

Scb = 100 MVA

1. Tnh U2, U3, P1, Q1, bng Gauss-Seildel vi = 0.01 (1%)

6.4 PBCS bng php lp Gauss-Seidel

BT6.3 Cho h thng 3 nt nh hnh v

-300 QMF3 400 MVar

Scb = 100 MVA

6.4 PBCS bng php lp Gauss-Seidel

BT6.4 Cho h thng 3 nt nh hnh v

300 QMF3 400 MVar

6.5 PBCS bng php lp Newton-Raphson 25

Khai trin Taylor (xt n bc 1)

6.5 PBCS bng php lp Newton-Raphson 26

6.5 PBCS bng php lp Newton-Raphson 27

Khai trin Taylor fi(x1,x2,,xn) (xt n bc 1)

6.5 PBCS bng php lp Newton-Raphson 28

6.5 PBCS bng php lp Newton-Raphson 29

6.5 PBCS bng php lp Newton-Raphson 30

Chn gi tr ban u cho cc bin s x1

, x2(0) ,..., xn(0)

6.5 PBCS bng php lp Newton-Raphson 31

x1(1) , x2( 2) ,..., xn(3)

Lp cho n khi hi t (tnh

6.5 PBCS bng php lp Newton-Raphson 32

S pq = Ppq jQ pq = U p Ipq