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BAI GIAI

a)

Xac suat co t nhat 1 chai bia Sai Gon b be la

XAC SUAT THONG KE

P(X 1 1) = 1 P(X 1 = 0) = 1

(GV: Tran Ngoc Hoi 2009)


CHNG 2

AI LNG NGAU NHIEN


VA PHAN PHOI XAC SUAT
Bai 2.1: Nc giai khat c ch t Sai Gon i Vung Tau. Moi xe ch
1000 chai bia Sai Gon, 2000 chai coca va 800 chai nc trai cay. Xac suat
e 1 chai moi loai b be tren ng i tng ng la 0,2%; 0,11% va 0,3%.
Neu khong qua 1 chai b be th lai xe c thng.
a) Tnh xac suat co t nhat 1 chai bia Sai Gon b be.
b) Tnh xac suat e lai xe c thng.
c) Lai xe phai ch t mat may chuyen e xac suat co t nhat mot chuyen
c thng khong nho hn 0,9?
Li giai
Tom tat:
Loai
Bia
Sai Coca
Nc trai cay
Gon
So lng/chuyen
1000
2000 800
Xac suat 1 chai 0,2%
0,11% 0,3%
be

Goi X1 la LNN ch so chai bia SG b be trong mot chuyen. Khi o,


X1 co phan phoi nh thc X1 B(n1,p1) vi n1 = 1000 va p1 = 0,2% =
0,002. V n1 kha ln va p1 kha be nen ta co the xem X1 co phan phan
phoi Poisson:
X1 P(a1) vi a1 = n1p1 = 1000.0,002 = 2, ngha la
X1 P(2).
Tng t, goi X2 , X3 lan lt la cac LNN ch so chai bia coca, chai
nc trai cay b be trong mot chuyen. Khi o, X2 , X3 co phan phoi
Poisson:
X2 P(2000.0,0011) = P(2,2);
X3 P(800.0,003) = P(2,4).

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e 2 2 0
= 1 e2 = 0, 8647.
0!

b) Tnh xac suat e lai xe c thng.


Theo gia thiet, lai xe c thng khi co khong qua 1 chai b be, ngha
la
X1 + X2 + X3 1.
V X1 P(2);X2 P(2,2); X3 P(2,4) nen X1 + X2 + X3 P(2+2,2 + 2,4) =
P(6,6)
Suy ra xac suat lai xe c thng la:
P(X1 + X2 + X3 1) = P[(X1 + X2 + X3 =0) + P(X1 + X2 + X3 = 1)]=

e 6 , 6 (6 , 6 ) 0
e 6 , 6 (6 , 6 ) 1
= 0,0103.
+
0!
1!

c) Lai xe phai ch t mat may chuyen e xac suat co t nhat mot chuyen
c thng khong nho hn 0,9?
Goi n la so chuyen xe can thc hien va A la bien co co t nhat 1 chuyen
c thng. Yeu cau bai toan la xac nh n nho nhat sao cho P(A) 0,9.
Bien co oi lap cua A la: A khong co chuyen nao c thng.
Theo cau b), xac suat e lai xe c thng trong mot chuyen la p =
0,0103. Do o theo cong thc Bernoulli ta co:

P(A) = 1 P(A) = 1 q n = 1 (1 0, 0103)n


= 1 (0, 9897)n .

Suy ra

P(A) 0, 9 1 (0, 9897)n 0, 9


(0, 9897)n 0,1
n ln(0, 9897) ln 0,1
ln 0,1
222, 3987
ln(0, 9897)
n 223.
n

Vay lai xe phai ch t nhat la 223 chuyen.

Bai 2.2: Mot may tnh gom 1000 linh kien A, 800 linh kien B va 2000
linh kien C. Xacsuat hong cua ba linh kien o lan lt la 0,02%; 0,0125%
va 0,005%. May tnh ngng hoat ong khi so linh kien hong nhieu hn 1.
Cac linh kien hong oc lap vi nhau.
a) Tnh xacsuat e co t nhat 1 linh kien B b hong.
b) Tnh xac suat e may tnh ngng hoat ong.
c) Gia s trong may a co 1 linh kien hong. Tnh xac suat e may tnh
ngng hoat ong.
Li giai

A
1000
0,02%

B
C
800
2000
0,0125% 0,005%

Goi X1 la LNN ch so linh kien A b hong trong mot may tnh. Khi
o, X1 co phan phoi nh thc X1 B(n1,p1) vi n1 = 1000 va p1 =
0,02% = 0,0002. V n1 kha ln va p1 kha be nen ta co the xem X1 co
phan phan phoi Poisson:
X1 P(a1) vi a1 = n1p1 = 1000.0,0002 =0,2, ngha la
X1 P(0,2).

Tng t, goi X2, X3 lan lt la cac LNN ch so linh kien B, C b


hong trong mot may tnh. Khi o, X2 , X3 co phan phoi Poisson nh
sau:
X2 P(800.0,0125%) = P(0,1);
X3 P(2000.0,005%) = P(0,1).

a) Xac suat co t nhat 1 linh linh kien B b hong la:

P(X 2 1) = 1 P(X 2 = 0) = 1

V X1 P(0,2);X2 P(0,1); X3 P(0,1) nen X1 + X2 + X3 P(0,2+0,1 +


0,1) = P(0,4)
Suy ra xac suat e may tnh ngng hoat ong la:
P(X1 + X2 + X3 > 1) = 1 - P(X1 + X2 + X3 1)
= 1- [P(X1 + X2 + X3 = 0) + P(X1 + X2 + X3 = 1)] =

Tom tat:
Loai linh kien
So lng/1may
Xac suat 1linh kien hong

Theo gia thiet, may tnh ngng hoat ong khi so linh kien hong nhieu
hn 1, ngha la khi
X1 + X2 + X3 > 1.

e0,1 (0,1)0
= 1 e0,1 = 0, 0952.
0!

b) Tnh xac suat e may tnh ngng hoat ong.

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e0,4 (0, 4)0 e0,4 (0, 4)1

0!
1!

= 1-1,4.e-0,4 = 0,0615 = 6,15%.


c) Gia s trong may a co 1 linh kien hong. Khi o may tnh ngng
hoat ong khi co them t nhat 1 linh kien hong na, ngha la khi
X1 + X2 + X3 1.
Suy ra xac suat e may tnh ngng hoat ong trong trng hp nay la:
P(X1 + X2 + X3 1) = 1 - P(X1 + X2 + X3 < 1) = 1- P(X1 + X2 + X3 = 0)
= 1

e0,4 (0, 4)0


= 1-e-0,4 = 0,3297 = 32,97%.
0!

Bai 2.3: Trong lng cua mot loai san pham c quan sat la mot ai
lng ngau nhien co phan phoi chuan vi trung bnh 50kg va phng sai
100kg2 . Nhng san pham co trong lng t 45kg en 70kg c xep vao
loai A. Chon ngau nhien 100 san pham (trong rat nhieu san pham). Tnh
xac suat e
a) co ung 70 san pham loai A.
b) co khong qua 60 san pham loai A.
c) co t nhat 65 san pham loai A.
Li giai
Trc het ta tm xac suat e mot san pham thuoc loai A.

Goi X0 la trong lng cua loai san pham a cho. T gia thiet
X0 co phan phoi chuan X0 N(0, 02) vi 0 = 50, 02 = 100
V mot san pham c xep vao loai A khi co trong lng t
70kg nen xac suat e mot san pham thuoc loai A la P(45 X0

ta suy ra
(0 = 10).
45kg en
70).

c) Xac suat e co t nhat 65 san pham loai A la:


100
65
100 66, 87
65 66, 87
) (
) = (
) (
)

4,7068
4,7068
= (7, 0388) (0, 40) = (5) + (0, 4) = 0, 5 + 0,1554 = 0, 6554 = 65, 54%.

P (65 X 100) = (

(Tra bang gia tr ham Laplace ta c (7,7068) (5) = 0,5; (0,4) =


0,1554).

Ta co

P(45 X 0 70) = (

70 0
45 0
70 50
45 50
) (
) = (
) (
)
0
0
10
10

= (2) (0, 5) = (2) + (0, 5) = 0, 4772 + 0,1915 = 0, 6687.


(Tra bang gia tr ham Laplace ta c (2) = 0,4772; (0,5) = 0,1915).
Vay xac suat e mot san pham thuoc loai A la p =0,6687.
Bay gi, kiem tra 100 san pham. Goi X la so san pham loai A co trong
100 san pham c kiem tra, th X co phan phoi nh thc X B(n,p)
vi n = 100,
p = 0,6687. V n = 100 kha ln va p = 0,6687 khong
qua gan 0 cung khong qua gan 1 nen ta co the xem X co phan phoi
chuan nh sau:
X N(, 2)
vi
= np = 100.0,6687 = 66,87;

= npq = 100.0, 6687.(1 0, 6687) = 4, 7068.


a) Xac suat e co 70 san pham loai A la:

1 70
1
70 66, 87
f(
)=
f(
)
4, 7068
4, 7068

1
0, 3209
=
f (0, 66) =
= 0, 0681 = 6, 81%.
4, 7068
4, 7068

P (X = 70) =

(Tra bang gia tr ham Gauss ta c f(0,66) = 0,3209).


b) Xac suat e co khong qua 60 san pham loai A la:
60
0
60 66, 87
0 66, 87
) (
) = (
) (
)

4,7068
4,7068
= (1, 46) (14, 21) = (1, 46) + (14, 21) = (1, 46) + (5)

P (0 X 60) = (

= 0, 4279 + 0, 5 = 0, 0721 = 7, 21%.

(Tra bang gia tr ham Laplace ta c (14,21) = (5) = 0,5; (1,46) =


0,4279).
5

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Bai 2.4: San pham trong mot nha may c ong thanh tng kien, moi
kien gom 14 san pham trong o co 8 san pham loai A va 6 san pham loai
B. Khach hang chon cach kiem tra nh sau: t moi kien lay ra 4 san
pham; neu thay so san pham thuoc loai A nhieu hn so san pham thuoc
loai B th mi nhan kien o; ngc lai th loai kien o. Kiem tra 100
kien (trong rat nhieu kien). Tnh xac suat e
a) co 42 kien c nhan.
b) co t 40 en 45 kien c nhan.
c) co t nhat 42 kien c nhan.
Li giai
Trc het ta tm xac suat e mot kien c nhan.
Theo gia thiet, moi kien cha 14 san pham gom 8A va 6B. T moi kien
lay ra 4 san pham; neu thay so san pham A nhieu hn so san pham B,
ngha la c 3A,1B hoac 4A, th mi nhan kien o. Do o xac suat e
mot kien c nhan la:

P4 (3 k 4) = P4 (3) + P4 (4) =

C38C16 C48C06
+ 4 = 0, 4056
4
C14
C14

Vay xac suat e mot kien c nhan la p = 0,4056.


Bay gi, kiem tra 100 kien. Goi X la so kien c nhan trong 100 kien
c kiem tra, th X co phan phoi nh thc X B(n,p) vi n = 100, p =
0,4056. V n = 100 kha ln va p = 0,4056 khong qua gan 0 cung khong
qua gan 1 nen ta co the xem X co phan phoi chuan nh sau:
X N(, 2)
vi
= np = 100.0,4056 = 40,56;

= npq = 100.0, 4056.(1 0, 4056) = 4, 9101.


a) Xac suat e co 42 kien c nhan la:

P (X = 42) =
=

1 42
1
42 40, 56
1
f(
)=
f(
)=
f (0, 29)
4, 9101
4, 9101
4, 9101

0, 3825
= 0, 0779 = 7, 79%.
4, 9101

(Tra bang gia tr ham Gauss ta c f(0,29) = 0,3825).


b) Xac suat e co t 40 en 45 kien c nhan la

45
40
45 40, 56
40 40, 56
) (
) = (
) (
)

4, 9101
4, 9101
= (0, 90) (0,11) = (0, 90) + (0,11) = 0, 3159 + 0, 0438 = 0, 3597 = 35, 97%.

P (40 X 45) = (

(Tra bang gia tr ham Laplace ta c


0,0438).

(0,9) = 0,3519; (0,11) =

Li giai
Trc het ta tm xac suat p e mot kien c nhan.
Goi C la bien co kien hang c nhan. Ta can tm p = P(C).
T gia thiet ta suy ra co hai loai kien hang:
Loai I: gom 6A, 4B chiem 0,9 = 90%.
Loai II: gom 8A, 2B chiem 0,1 = 10%.
Goi A1, A2 lan lt la cac bien co kien hang thuoc loai I, II. Khi o A1,
A2 la mot he ay u, xung khac tng oi va ta co
P(A1) = 0,9; P(A2) = 0,1.
Theo cong thc xac suat ay u ta co:
P(C) = P(A1) P(C/A1) + P(A2) P(C/A2).
Theo gia thiet, t moi kien lay ra 2 san pham; neu ca 2 san pham thuoc
loai A th mi nhan kien o. Do o:

c) Xac suat e co t nhat 42 kien c nhan la


100
42
100 40, 56
42 40, 56
P (42 X 100) = (
) (
) = (
) (
)

4, 9101
4, 9101
= (12) (0, 29) = 0, 50 0,1141 = 0, 3859 = 38, 59%.

(Tra bang gia tr ham Laplace ta c


0,1141).

(12) = (5) = 0,5;

(0,29) =

Bai 2.5: San pham trong mot nha may c ong thanh tng kien, moi
kien gom 10 san pham So san pham loai A trong cac hop la X co phan
phoi nh sau:
X

0,9

0,1

Khach hang chon cach kiem tra nh sau: t moi kien lay ra 2 san pham;
neu thay ca 2 san pham eu loai A th mi nhan kien o; ngc lai th
loai kien o. Kiem tra 144 kien (trong rat nhieu kien).
a) Tnh xac suat e co 53 kien c nhan.
b) Tnh xac suat e co t 52 en 56 kien c nhan.
c) Phai kiem tra t nhat bao nhieu kien e xac suat co t nhat 1 kien
c nhan khong nho hn 95%?
7

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P(C / A 1 ) = P2 (2) =

C26C04 1
= ;
2
C10
3

P(C / A 2 ) = P2 (2) =

C28C02 28
=
.
2
C10
45

Suy ra
P(C) = 0,9. (1/3) + 0,1.(28/45) = 0,3622.
Vay xac suat e mot kien c nhan la p = 0,3622.
Bay gi, kiem tra 144 kien. Goi X la so kien c nhan trong 144 kien
c kiem tra, th X co phan phoi nh thc X B(n,p) vi n = 144, p =
0,3622. V n = 144 kha ln va p = 0,3622 khong qua gan 0 cung khong
qua gan 1 nen ta co the xem X co phan phoi chuan nh sau:
X N(, 2)
vi
= np = 144.0,3622 = 52,1568;
= npq = 144.0, 3622.(1 0, 3622) = 5, 7676.

a) Xac suat e co 53 kien c nhan la P(X=53) = 6,84% (Tng t Bai


21).
b) Xac suat e co t 52 en 56 kien c nhan la P(52 X 56) =
26,05% (Tng t Bai 21).
c) Phai kiem tra t nhat bao nhieu kien e xac suat co t nhat 1 kien
c nhan khong nho hn 95%?
Goi n la so kien can kiem tra va D la bien co co t nhat 1 kien c nhan.
Yeu cau bai toan la xac nh n nho nhat sao cho P(D) 0,95.
8

Bien co oi lap cua D la D : khong co kien nao c nhan.


Theo chng minh tren, xac suat e mot kien c nhan la p = 0,3622.
Do o
Theo cong thc Bernoulli ta co:

X1 co phan phoi nh thc X1 B(n1,p1) vi n1 = 100, p1 = 80% =


0,8. V n1 = 100 kha ln va p1 = 0,8 khong qua gan 0 cung khong
qua gan 1 nen ta co the xem X1 co phan phoi chuan nh sau:
X1 N(1, 12)
vi
1 = n1p1 = 100.0,8 = 80;

Suy ra

X2 co phan phoi nh thc X2 B(n2,p2) vi n2 = 100, p2 = 60% =


0,60. V n2 = 100 kha ln va p2 = 0,60 khong qua gan 0 cung
khong qua gan 1 nen ta co the xem X2 co phan phoi chuan nh
sau:
X2 N(2, 22)
vi
2 = n2p2 = 100.0,60 = 60;

P(D) = 1 P(D) = 1 q n = 1 (1 0, 3622)n = 1 (0, 6378)n .

P(D) 0, 95 1 (0, 6378)n 0, 95


(0, 6378)n 0, 05
n ln(0, 6378) ln 0, 05
ln 0, 05
6, 6612
ln(0, 6378)
n 7.
n

1 = n1p1q1 = 100.0, 8.0, 2 = 4.

2 = n 2p 2q 2 = 100.0, 60.0, 40 = 4, 8990.

a) Xac suat e co 70 san pham at tieu chuan la:


1
1
1 1 70 1
1 1 70 2
P(X1 =70)+ P(X 2 =70) =
f(
)+
f(
)
2
2
2 1
1
2 2
2
1 1 70 80
1
1
70 60 1 1
1
1
= . f(
)+ .
f(
)= . f (2, 5) + .
f (2, 04)
2 4
4
2 4, 8990 4, 8990 2 4
2 4, 8990
1 1
1
1
= . 0, 0175 + .
0, 0498 = 0, 000727
2 4
2 4, 8990
P(X = 80) =

Vay phai kiem tra t nhat 7 kien.


Bai 2.6: Mot may san xuat san pham vi t le san pham at tieu chuan
la 80% va mot may khac cung san xuat loai san pham nay vi t le san
pham at tieu chuan la 60%. Chon ngau nhien mot may va cho san xuat
100 san pham. Tnh xac suat e
a) co 70 san pham at tieu chuan.
b) co t 70 en 90 san pham at tieu chuan.
c) co khong t hn 70 san pham at tieu chuan.
Li giai
Goi X la LNN ch so san pham at tieu chuan trong 100 san pham.
A1, A2 lan lt la cac bien co chon c may 1, may 2.
Khi o A1, A2 la mot he ay u, xung khac tng oi va ta co:
P(A1) = P(A2) = 0,5.
Theo cong thc xac xuat ay u, vi moi 0 k 100, ta co:

P(X = k) = P(A1 )P(X=k/A 1 ) + P(A 2 )P(X= k/A 2 )


(1)
1
1
= P(X=k/A1 )+ P(X=k/A 2 )
2
2
Nh vay, goi X1, X2 lan lt la cac LNN ch so san pham at tieu
chuan trong trng hp chon c may 1, may 2. Khi o:
1
1
(1) cho ta P(X = k) = P(X1 =k)+ P(X 2 =k)
2
2
9

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b) Xac suat e co t 70 en 90 san pham at tieu chuan la:


1
1
P(70 X 90) = P(70 X1 90)+ P(70 X 2 90)
2
2
90 1
70 1
90 2
70 2
1
1
= [(
) (
)] + [(
) (
)]
2
1
1
2
2
2

1
90 80
70 80
1
90 60
70 60
= [(
) (
)] + [(
) (
)]
2
4
4
2
4, 899
4, 899
1
= [(2, 5) (2, 5) + (6,12) (2, 04)]
2
1
= (0, 49379 + 0, 49379 + 0, 5 0, 47932)
2
= 0, 50413
c) Xac suat co khong t hn 70 san pham at tieu chuan la
P(70 X 100) =0,5072

(Tng t cau b)
Bai 2.7: Mot may san xuat san pham vi t le phe pham la 1% va mot
may khac cung san xuat loai san pham nay vi t le phe pham la 2%.
10

Chon ngau nhien mot may va cho san xuat 1000 san pham. Tnh xac
suat e
a) co 14 phe pham.
b) co t 14 en 20 phe pham.
Li giai
Goi X la LNN ch so phe pham trong 1000 san pham.
A1, A2 lan lt la cac bien co chon c may 1, may 2.
Khi o A1, A2 la mot he ay u, xung khac tng oi va ta co:
P(A1) = P(A2) = 0,5.
Theo cong thc xac xuat ay u, vi moi 0 k 100, ta co:

P(X = k) = P(A1 )P(X=k/A 1 ) + P(A 2 )P(X= k/A 2 )


(1)
1
1
= P(X=k/A1 )+ P(X=k/A 2 )
2
2
Nh vay, goi X1, X2 lan lt la cac LNN ch so phe pham trong trng
hp chon c may 1, may 2. Khi o:
1
1
(1) cho ta P(X = k) = P(X1 =k)+ P(X 2 =k)
2
2
X1 co phan phoi nh thc X1 B(n1,p1) vi n1 = 1000 va p1 = 1% =
0,001. V n1 kha ln va p1 kha be nen ta co the xem X1 co phan
phan phoi Poisson:
X1 P(a1) vi a1 = n1p1 = 1000.0,01 = 10, ngha la X2 P(10).
X2 co phan phoi nh thc X2 B(n2,p2) vi n2 = 1000 va p2 = 2% =
0,002. V n2 kha ln va p2 kha be nen ta co the xem X2 co phan
phan phoi Poisson:
X1 P(a2) vi a2 = n2p2 = 1000.0,02 = 20, ngha la X2 P(20).
a) Xac suat e co 14 phe pham la:
1
1
1 e10 1014 1 e20 2014
+
= 0, 0454
P(X = 14) = P(X1 =14)+ P(X 2 =14) =
2
2
2 14 !
2 14 !
b) Xac suat e co t 14 en 20 phe pham la:
1
1
P(14 X 20) = P(14 X 1 20)+ P(14 X 2 20)
2
2

1
2

20

k =14

e10 10k 1
+
k!
2

20

k =14

e20 20k
= 31, 35%
k!

Bai 2.8: Mot x nghiep co hai may I va II. Trong ngay hoi thi, moi cong
nhan d thi c phan mot may va vi may o se san xuat 100 san
pham. Neu so san pham loai A khong t hn 70 th cong nhan o se c
thng. Gia s oi vi cong nhan X, xac suat san xuat c 1 san pham
loai A vi cac may I va II lan lt la 0,6 va 0,7.
a) Tnh xac suat e cong nhan X c thng.
b) Gia s cong nhan X d thi 50 lan. So lan c thng tin chac nhat la
bao nhieu?
Li giai
Goi Y la LNN ch so san pham loai A co trong 100 san pham c san
xuat.
A1, A2 lan lt la cac bien co chon c may I, may II.
Khi o A1, A2 la mot he ay u, xung khac tng oi va ta co:
P(A1) = P(A2) = 0,5.
Theo cong thc xac xuat ay u, vi moi 0 k 100, ta co:

P(Y = k) = P(A1 )P(Y=k/A 1 ) + P(A 2 )P(Y= k/A 2 )


(1)
1
1
= P(Y=k/A1 )+ P(Y=k/A 2 )
2
2
Nh vay, goi X1, X2 lan lt la cac LNN ch so san pham loai A co
trong 100 san pham c san xuat trong trng hp chon c may I,
may II. Khi o:
1
1
P(Y = k) = P(X1 =k)+ P(X 2 =k)
(1) cho ta
2
2
X1 co phan phoi nh thc X1 B(n1,p1) vi n1 = 100, p1 = 0,6. V
n1 = 100 kha ln va p1 = 0,6 khong qua gan 0 cung khong qua gan
1 nen ta co the xem X1 co phan phoi chuan nh sau:
X1 N(1, 12)
vi
1 = n1p1 = 100.0,6 = 60;
1 = n1p1q1 = 100.0, 6.0, 4 = 4, 8990.
X2 co phan phoi nh thc X2 B(n2,p2) vi n2 = 100, p2 = 0,7. V n2
= 100 kha ln va p2 = 0,7 khong qua gan 0 cung khong qua gan 1
nen ta co the xem X2 co phan phoi chuan nh sau:
X2 N(2, 22)
vi
1 = n2p2 = 100.0,7 = 70;

2 =

n2p2q 2 = 100.0, 7.0, 3 = 4, 5826.

a) Xac suat e cong nhan X c thng la:


11

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12

1
1
P(70 X1 100)+ P(70 X 2 100)
2
2
1 100 1
70 1
1 100 2
70 2
= [(
) (
)] + [(
) (
)]
2
2
1
1
2
2
P(70 Y 100) =

1 100 60
70 60
1 100 70
70 70
= [(
) (
)] + [(
) (
)]
2
4, 899
4, 899
2
4, 5826
4, 5826
1
1
= [(8,16) (2, 04) + (6, 55) (0)]= (0, 5 0, 47932 + 0, 5) = 0, 2603
2
2
b) Gia s cong nhan X d thi 50 lan. So lan c thng tin chac nhat la
bao nhieu?
Goi Z la LNN ch so lan cong nhan X c thng. Khi o Z co
phan phoi nh thc Z B(n,p) vi n = 50, p = 0,2603. So lan c
thng tin chac nhat chnh la Mod(Z). Ta co:
Mod(Z) = k np q k np q + 1
50.0, 2603 0, 7397 k 50.0, 2603 0, 7397 + 1
12, 2753 k 13, 2753 k = 13

Vay so lan c thng tin chac nhat cua cong nhan X la 13 lan.
Bai 2.9: Trong ngay hoi thi, moi chien s se chon ngau nhien mot trong
hai loai sung va vi khau sung chon c se ban 100vien an. Neu co t
65 vien tr len trung bia th c thng. Gia s oi vi chien s A, xac
suat ban 1 vien trung bia bang khau sung loai I la 60% va bang khau
sung loai II la 50%.
a) Tnh xac suat e chien s A c thng.
b) Gia s chien s A d thi 10 lan. Hoi so lan c thng tin chac nhat
la bao nhieu?
c) Chien s A phai tham gia hoi thi t nhat bao nhieu lan e xac suat co
t nhat mot lan c thng khong nho hn 98%?
Li giai
Goi X la LNN ch so vien trung trong 100 vien c ban ra.
Goi A1, A2 lan lt la cac bien co chon c khau sung loai I, II.
Khi o A1, A2 la mot he ay u, xung khac tng oi va ta co:
P(A1) = P(A2) = 0,5.
Theo cong thc xac xuat ay u, vi moi 0 k 100, ta co:
13

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P(X = k) = P(A1 )P(X=k/A 1 ) + P(A 2 )P(X= k/A 2 )

Nh
vien

(1)
1
1
= P(X=k/A1 )+ P(X=k/A 2 )
2
2
vay, goi X1, X2 lan lt la cac LNN ch so vien trung trong 100
c ban ra trong trng hp chon c khau loai I, II. Khi o:
1
1
P(X = k) = P(X1 =k)+ P(X 2 =k)
(1) cho ta
2
2
X1 co phan phoi nh thc X1 B(n1,p1) vi n1 = 100, p1 = 0,6. V n1
= 100 kha ln va p1 = 0,6 khong qua gan 0 cung khong qua gan 1
nen ta co the xem X1 co phan phoi chuan nh sau:
X1 N(1, 12)
vi
1 = n1p1 = 100.0,6 = 60;
1 = n1p1q1 = 100.0, 6.0, 4 = 4, 8990.

X2 co phan phoi nh thc X2 B(n2,p2) vi n2 = 100, p2 = 0,5. V n2


= 100 kha ln va p2 = 0,5 khong qua gan 0 cung khong qua gan 1
nen ta co the xem X2 co phan phoi chuan nh sau:
X2 N(2, 22)
vi
1 = n2p2 = 100.0,5 = 50;

2 =

n2p2q 2 = 100.0, 5.0, 5 = 5.

a) Xac suat e chien s A c thng la:

1
1
P(65 X1 100)+ P(65 X 2 100)
2
2
1 100 1
65 1
1 100 2
65 2
= [(
) (
)] + [(
) (
)]
1
1
2
2
2
2
P(65 X 100) =

1 100 60
65 60
1
100 50
65 50
= [(
) (
)] + [(
) (
)]
2
4, 899
4, 899
2
5
5
1
1
= [(8,16) (1, 02) + (10) (3)]= (0, 5 0, 34614 + 0, 5 0, 49865) = 0, 0776.
2
2

b) Gia s chien s A d thi 10 lan. So lan c thng tin chac nhat la


bao nhieu?
Goi Y la LNN ch so lan chien s A c thng. Khi o Y co phan
phoi nh thc Y B(n,p) vi n = 10, p = 0,0776. So lan c thng tin
chac nhat chnh la mod(Y). Ta co:
mod(Y) = k np q k np q + 1
10.0, 0776 0, 9224 k 10.0, 0776 0, 9224 + 1
0,1464 k 0, 8536 k = 0
14

Theo cong thc Bernoulli ta co:

P(X = 0) = C 4(0, 8)0 (0, 2)4 = 0, 0016;

Vay so lan c thng tin chac nhat cua chien s A la 0 lan, noi cach
khac, thng la chien s A khong c thng lan nao trong 10 lan tham
gia.

P(X = 1) = C 4(0, 8)1 (0, 2)3 = 0, 0256;


1

P(X = 2) = C 4(0, 8)2 (0, 2)2 = 0,1536;


2

c) Chien s A phai tham gia hoi thi t nhat bao nhieu lan e xac suat co
t nhat mot lan c thng khong nho hn 98%?

P(X = 3) = C 4(0, 8)3 (0, 2)1 = 0, 4096;


3

P(X = 4) = C 4(0, 8)4 (0, 2)0 = 0, 4096.


4

Goi n la so lan tham gia hoi thi va D la bien co co t nhat 1 lan c


thng. Yeu cau bai toan la xac nh n nho nhat sao cho P(D) 0,98.
Bien co oi lap cua D la D : khong co lan nao c thng.
Theo chng minh tren, xac suat e mot lan c thng la p = 0,0776.
Do o
Theo cong thc Bernoulli ta co:

P(D) = 1 P(D) = 1 q n = 1 (1 0, 0776)n = 1 (0, 9224)n .

Suy ra

P(D) 0, 98 1 (0, 9224)n 0, 98


(0, 9224)n 0, 02
n ln 0, 9224 ln 0, 02
ln 0, 02
48, 43
ln 0, 9224
n 49.
n

Vay chien s A phai tham gia hoi thi t nhat la 49 lan.


Bai 2.10: Mot ngi th san ban 4 vien an. Biet xac suat trung ch
cua moi vien an ban ra la 0,8. Goi X la ai lng ngau nhien ch so vien
an trung ch.
a) Tm luat phan phoi cua X.
b) Tm ky vong va phng sai cua X.
Li giai
a) Ta thay X co phan phoi nh thc X B(n,p) vi n = 4, p = 0,8. X la
LNN ri rac nhan 5 gia tr: 0, 1, 2, 3 , 4. Luat phan phoi cua X co dang:
X
P

0
p0

1
p1

2
p2

3
p3

4
p4

15

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Vay luat phan phoi cua X la:

X
0
1
2
3
4
P
0,0016 0,0256 0,1536 0,4096 0,4096
b) Tm ky vong va phng sai cua X.
- Ky vong: M(X) = np = 3,2.
- Phng sai: D(X) = npq = 0,64.
Bai 2.11: Co hai lo hang I va II, moi lo cha rat nhieu san pham. T le
san pham loai A co trong hai lo I va II lan lt la 70% va 80%. Lay
ngau nhien t moi lo 2 san pham.
a) Tnh xac suat e so san pham loai A lay t lo I ln hn so san pham
loai A lay t lo II.
b) Goi X la so san pham loai A co trong 4 san pham c lay ra. Tm ky
vong va phng sai cua X.
Li giai
Goi X1, X2 lan lt la cac LNN ch so sp loai A co trong 2 sp c
chon ra t lo I, II. Khi o
X1 co phan phoi nh thc X1 B(n1, p1); n1 = 2; p1 = 70% = 0,7
vi cac xac suat nh bi:

P(X 1 = k) = C 2 (0, 7)k (0, 3)2 k


k

Cu the

0
1
2
X1
P
0,09 0,42 0,49
X2 co phan phoi nh thc X2 B(n2, p2); n2 = 2; p2 = 80% = 0,8
vi cac xac suat nh bi:

P(X 2 = k) = C 2 (0, 8) k (0, 2)2 k


k

Cu the

X2
P

0
0,04
16

1
2
0,32 0,64

a) Xac suat e so san pham loai A lay t lo I ln hn so san pham loai A


lay t lo II la:
P(X1 X2) = P[(X1 =2)(X2 =0)+ (X1 =2)(X2 =1)+ (X1 =1)(X2 =0)]
= P(X1 =2)P(X2 =0)+ P(X1 =2)P(X2 =1)+ P(X1 =1)P(X2 =0) =
0,1932.
b) Goi X la so sp loai A co trong 4 sp chon ra . Khi o
X = X1 + X2
V X1 , X2 oc lap nen ta co:
- Ky vong cua X la M(X) = M(X1) + M(X2) = n1p1 + n2p2 = 3
- Phng sai cua X la D(X) = D(X1) + D(X2) = n1p1q1 + n2p2q2 = 0,74.
Bai 2.12: Cho hai hop I va II, moi hop co 10 bi; trong o hop I gom 6 bi
o, 4 bi trang va hop II gom 7 bi o, 3 bi trang. Rut ngau nhien t moi
hop hai bi.
a) Tnh xac suat e c hai bi o va hai bi trang.
b) Goi X la ai lng ngau nhien ch so bi o co trong 4 bi c rut ra.
Tm luat phan phoi cua X.

Li giai
Goi X1, X2 lan lt la cac LNN ch so bi o co trong 2 bi c chon
ra t hop I, hop II. Khi o
- X1 co phan phoi sieu boi X1 H(N1, N1A, n1); N1 = 10; N1A= 6; n1 =
2 vi cac xac suat nh bi:

P(X 1 = k) =

CC
C
k

2 k

10

Cu the
X1
P

0
1
2
6/45 24/45 15/45

- X2 co phan phoi sieu boi X2 H(N2, N2A, n2); N2 = 10; N2A = 7; n2


=2
vi cac xac suat nh bi:

P(X 2

= k) = C C
C
k

2k

X2
P

0
1
2
3/45 21/45 21/45

Goi X la ai lng ngau nhien ch so bi o co trong 4 bi c rut ra. Khi


o
X = X1 + X2
Bang gia tr cua X da vao X1, X2 nh sau:
X X2
X1
0
1
2

0 1

0 1
1 2
2 3

2
3
4

a) Xac suat e c 2 bi o va 2 bi trang la:


P(X = 2) = P[(X1=0) (X2=2)+ (X1=1) (X2=1)+ (X1=2) (X2=0)]
= P(X1=0) P(X2=2)+ P(X1=1)P(X2=1)+ P(X1=2)P(X2=0)]
= (6/45)(21/45) + (24/45)(21/45) + (15/45)(3/45) = 1/3.
b) Luat phan phoi cua X co dang:

X
P
trong o:
p0 = P(X =
p1 = P(X =
p2 = P(X =
p3 = P(X =
p4 = P(X =

0)= P(X1
1)= P(X1
2) = 1/3;
3)= P(X1
4)= P(X1

0
p0

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2
p2

3
p3

4
p4

=0) P(X2 = 0) = 2/225;


=0) P(X2 = 1) + P(X1 =1) P(X2 = 0)= 22/225;
=1) P(X2 = 2) + P(X1 =2) P(X2 = 1)= 91/225;
=2) P(X2 = 2) = 7/45.

Vay luat phan phoi cua X la :


X
P

0
1
2
3
4
2/225 22/225 1/3 91/225 7/45

10

Cu the

1
p1

18

Bai 2.13: Mot may san xuat san pham vi t le phe pham 10%. Mot lo
hang gom 10 san pham vi t le phe pham 30%. Cho may san xuat 3 san
pham va t lo hang lay ra 3 san pham. Goi X la so san pham tot co trong
6 san pham nay.
a) Tm luat phan phoi cua X.
b) Khong dung luat phan phoi cua X, hay tnh M(X), D(X).
Li giai
Goi X1, X2 lan lt la cac LNN ch so sp tot co trong 3 san pham do
may san xuat; do lay t lo hang. Khi o X1, X2 oc lap va ta co:
- X1 co phan phoi nh thc X1 B(n1, p1); n1 = 3; p1 = 0,9. Cu the
ta co:

P(X 1 = 0) = C 3p0q 2 = (0,1)3 = 0, 001;


0

trong o:
p0 = P(X = 0)= P(X1 = 0)P(X2 = 0) = 1/120000;
p1 = P(X = 1)= P(X1 = 0)P(X2 = 1) + P(X1 = 1)P(X2 = 0) = 1/2500;
p2 = P(X = 2) = P(X1 = 0)P(X2 = 2) + P(X1 = 1)P(X2 = 1) + P(X1 = 2)P(X2 =0)
= 291/40000
p3 = P(X = 3) = P(X1 = 0)P(X2 = 3) + P(X1 = 1)P(X2 = 2) + P(X1 = 2)P(X2 =1)
+ P(X1 = 3)P(X2=0) = 473/7500
p4 = P(X = 4) = P(X1 = 1)P(X2 = 3) + P(X1 = 2)P(X2 = 2) + P(X1 = 3)P(X2 = 1)
= 10521/40000
p5 = P(X = 5) = P(X1 = 2) P(X2 = 3) + P(X1 = 3)P(X2 = 2) = 567/1250
p6 = P(X = 6) = P(X1 = 3)P(X2 = 3) = 1701/8000.
Vay luat phan phoi cua X la:

P(X 1 = 1) = C 3p1q 2 = 3(0, 9)(0,1)2 = 0, 027;


1

X
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
P 1/120000 1/2500 291/40000 473/7500 10521/40000 576/1250 1701/8000

P(X 1 = 2) = C p q = 3(0, 9) (0,1) = 0, 243;


2 2
3

P(X 1 = 3) = C 3p 3q 0 = (0, 9)3 = 0, 729.


3

- X2 co phan phoi sieu boi X2 H(N2, N2A, n2); N2 = 10; N2A = 7; n2


= 3 (v lo hang gom 10 san pham vi t le phe pham la 30%, ngha la lo
hang gom 7 san pham tot va 3 san pham xau). Cu the ta co:

CC
C
= 1) = C C
C
= 2) = C C
C
= 3) = C C
C

P(X 2 = 0) =

1
;
120

21
;
120

63
;
120

35
=
.
120

10

P(X 2

10

P(X 2

10

P(X 2

10

a) Ta co X = X1 + X2. Luat phan phoi cua X co dang:

b) V X = X1 + X2 va X1 , X2 oc lap nen ta co:


Ky vong cua X la
M(X) = M(X1) + M(X2) = n1p1 + n2 p2 = 4,8 (vi p2 = N2A/N2)
Phng sai cua X la
D(X) = D(X1) + D(X2) = n1p1q1 + n2 p2q2(N2-n2)/(N2-1)= 0,76.

Bai 2.14: Cho hai hop I va II, moi hop co 10 bi; trong o hop I gom 8 bi
o, 2 bi trang va hop II gom 6 bi o, 4 bi trang. Rut ngau nhien t hop I
hai bi bo sang hop II, sau o rut ngau nhien t hop II ba bi.
a) Tnh xac suat e c ca 3 bi trang.
b) Goi X la ai lng ngau nhien ch so bi trang co trong ba bi c rut
ra t hop II. Tm luat phan phoi cua X. Xac nh ky vong va phng sai
cua X.
Li giai
Goi X la LNN ch so bi trang co trong 3 bi rut ra t hop II.
Ai (i = 0, 1, 2) la bien co co i bi trang va (2-i) bi o co trong 2 bi lay ra t
hop I. Khi o A0, A1, A2 la he bien co ay u, xung khac tng oi va ta
co:

X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P p0 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6
19

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20

CC
C
P(A ) = C C
C
P(A ) = C C
C
0

P(A 0 ) =

16
=
;
45

10

10

28
;
45

0
8

10

1
.
45

Vi moi k = 0, 1, 2, 3 theo cong thc xac suat ay u, ta co


P(X = k) = P(A0)P(X = k/A0) + P(A1)P(X = k/A1) + P(A2)P(X = k/A2)
a) Xac suat e c ca ba bi trang la:

Ma

P(X = 3) = P(A0)P(X = 3/A0) + P(A1)P(X = 3/A1) + P(A2)P(X = 3/A2)

CC
C
P(X = 3 / A ) = C C
C
P(X = 3 / A ) = C C
C
3

P(X = 3 / A 0 ) =

0
8

4
;
220

10
;
220

20
.
220

12

12

3
6

0
6

12

nen P(X= 3) = 73/2475.


b) Luat phan phoi cua X co dang:
X
P

28 C 4C 8 16 C5C7
1 C 6C 6
+
+
= 179 / 825;
.
.
.
3
3
45 C
45 C
45 C 3
0

p 0 = P(X = 0) =

12

12

12

28 C 4C 8 16 C 5C7
1 C 6C 6
+
+
= 223 / 450;
p1 = P(X = 1) =
.
.
.
3
3
3
45 C12
45 C12
45 C12
1

28 C 4C 8 16 C5C7
1 C 6C 6
+
+
= 1277 / 4950;
.
.
.
3
3
3
45 C12
45 C12
45 C12
2

p 2 = P(X = 2) =

p3 = P(X= 3) = 73/2475.
Suy ra luat phan phoi cua X la:
X
P

0
1
2
3
179/825 223/450 1277/4950 73/2475

T o suy ra ky vong cua X la M(X) = 1,1 va phng sai cua X la


D(X) = 0,5829.
Bai 2.15: Co ba lo san pham, moi lo co 20 san pham. Lo th i co i+4 san
pham loai A (i = 1, 2, 3).
a) Chon ngau nhien mot lo roi t lo o lay ra 3 san pham. Tnh xac
suat e trong 3 san pham c lay ra co ung 1 san pham loai A.
b) T moi lo lay ra 1 san pham. Goi X la tong so san pham loai A co
trong 3 san pham c lay ra. Tm luat phan phoi cua X va tnh Mod(X),
M(X), D(X).
Li giai

0
p0

1
p1

2
p2

3
p3

trong o, tng t nh tren ta co:

a) Goi C la bien co trong 3 san pham c lay ra co ung 1 san pham


loai A.
Goi A1, A2, A3 lan lt la cac bien co chon c lo I, II, III. Khi o A1, A2,
A3 la mot he ay u, xung khac tng oi va P(A1) = P(A2) = P(A3) = 1/3.
Theo cong thc xac suat ay u, ta co:
P(C) = P(A1)P(C/A1) + P(A2)P(C/ A2)+ P(A3)P(C/A3)
Theo Cong thc xac suat la chon:

21

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22

CC
C
)=CC
C
)=CC
C
1

P(C / A1 ) =

15

525
;
1140

546
;
1140

546
.
1140

20

P(C / A 2

14

20

P(C / A 3

13

20

2.16: Mot ngi co 5 cha khoa be ngoai rat giong nhau, trong o ch co 2
cha m c ca. Ngi o tm cach m ca bang cach th tng cha mot
cho en khi m c ca th thoi (tat nhien, cha nao khong m c th
loai ra). Goi X la so cha khoa ngi o s dung. Tm luat phan phoi cua
X. Hoi ngi o thng phai th bao nhieu cha mi m c ca? Trung
bnh ngi o phai th bao nhieu cha mi m c ca?
Li giai
Ta thay X la LNN ri rac nhan 4 gia tr: 1, 2, 3, 4. Luat phan phoi cua
X co dang:

Suy ra P(C)= 0,4728.


b) Luat phan phoi cua X co dang:
X
P

0
p0

1
p1

2
p2

3
p3

Goi Bj (j = 1, 2, 3) la bien co lay c sp loai A t lo th j. Khi o B1, B2,


B3 oc lap va

5
15
; P(B1 ) =
;
20
20
6
14
P(B2 ) =
; P(B2 ) =
;
20
20
7
13
P(B3 ) =
; P(B3 ) =
.
20
20
P(B1 ) =

Ta co
" X = 0 " = B1B2B3 P(X = 0) = P(B1 )P(B2 )p(B3 ) = 273 / 800
" X = 1" = B1B2B3 + B1B2B3 + B1B2B3

X
P

Vay luat phan phoi cua X la


X
P

0
1
2
3
273/800 71/160 151/800 21/800

T luat phanphoi cua X ta suy ra mode, ky vong va phng sai cua X :


- Mode: Mod(X) = 1.
- Ky vong: M(X) = 0,9.
- Phng sai: D(X) = 0,625.

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4
p4

P(X=1) = P(A1) = 2/5.


P(X = 2) = P(A1 A 2 ) = P(A1 )P(A 2 / A1 ) = (3 / 5)(2 / 4) = 3 / 10;
P(X = 3) = P(A1 A 2 A 3 ) = P(A1 )P(A 2 / A1 )P(A 3 / A1 A 2 ) = (3 / 5)(2 / 4)(2 / 3) = 1 / 5
P(X = 4) = P(A1 A 2 A 3 A 4 ) = P(A1 )P(A 2 / A 1 )P(A 3 / A 1 A 2 )P(A 4 / A1 A 2 A 3 )
= (3 / 5)(2 / 4)(1 / 3)(2 / 2) = 1 / 10

Vay luat phan phoi cua X la:


X
P

" X = 2 " = B1B2B3 + B1B2B3 + B1B2B3


" X = 3 " = B1B2B3 P(X = 3) = P(B1 )P(B2 )P(B3 ) = 21 / 800

3
p3

Goi Aj (j = 1,2, 3, 4) la bien co cha khoa chon lan th j m c ca. Khi


o:

P(X = 1) = P(B1 )P(B2 )P(B3 ) + P(B1 )P(B2 )P(B3 ) + P(B1 )P(B2 )P(B3 ) = 71 / 160
P(X = 2) = P(B1 )P(B2 )P(B3 ) + P(B1 )P(B2 )P(B3 ) + P(B1 )P(B2 )P(B3 ) = 151 / 800

1 2
p1 p2

1
2/5

2
3
4
3/10 1/5 1/10

T luat phan phoi tren ta suy ra:


-

Mode cua X la Mod(X) = 1.

Ky vong cua X la M(X) =

xipi = 2 .

Vay ngi o thng phai th 1 chia th m c ca. Trung bnh ngi


o phai th 2 cha mi m c ca.
Bai 2.17: Mot ngi th san co 5 vien an. Ngi o i san vi nguyen
tac: neu ban trung muc tieu th ve ngay, khong i san na. Biet xac suat

24

trung ch cua moi vien an ban ra la 0,8. Goi X la ai lng ngau nhien
ch so vien an ngi ay s dung trong cuoc san.
a) Tm luat phan phoi cua X.
b) Tm ky vong va phng sai cua X.

X
P

2
p2

3
p3

4
p4

Goi Aj (j = 1,2, 3, 4) la bien co vien an th j trung ch. Khi o:

Li giai
a) Ta thay X la LNN ri rac nhan 5 gia tr: 1, 2,..., 5. Luat phan phoi
cua X co dang:
X
1
2
3 4 5
P
p1
p2
p3 p4 p5
Goi Aj (j = 1,2,..., 5) la bien co vien an th j trung ch. Khi o:
P(A j ) = 0, 8; P(A j ) = 0, 2

P(A j ) = 0, 8; P(A j ) = 0, 2

Ta co:
P(X = 2) = P(A1 A 2 ) = P(A 1 )P(A 2 ) = 0, 8.0, 8 = 0, 64;
P(X = 3) = P(A1 A 2 A 3 + A1 A 2 A 3 ) = P(A1 A 2 A 3 ) + P(A1 A 2 A 3 )
= P(A1 )P(A 2 )P(A 3 ) + P(A1 )P(A 2 )P(A 3 ) = 0, 2.0, 8.0, 8 + 0, 8.0, 2.0, 8 = 0, 256
P(X = 4) = P(A1A 2 A 3 + A 1A 2 A 3 + A1 A 2 A 3 + A1 A 2 A 3 )

Ta co:
P(X=1) = P(A1) = 0,8.

= P(A1 )P(A 2 )P(A 3 ) + P(A1 )P(A 2 )P(A 3 ) + P(A1 )P(A 2 )P(A 3 ) + P(A1 )P(A 2 )P(A 3 )

P(X = 3) = P(A1 A 2 A 3 ) = P(A1 )P(A 2 )P(A 3 ) = 0, 2.0, 2.0, 8 = 0, 032;

Vay luat phan phoi cua X la:

= 0, 2.0, 2.0, 2 + 0, 8.0, 2.0, 2 + 0, 2.0, 8.0, 2 + 0, 2.0, 2.0, 8 = 0,104

P(X = 2) = P(A1 A 2 ) = P(A1 )P(A 2 ) = 0, 2.0, 8 = 0,16;


P(X = 4) = P(A1 A 2 A 3 A 4 ) = P(A1 )P(A 2 )P(A 3 )P(A 4 ) = 0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 8 = 0, 0064;
P(X = 5) = P(A1 A 2 A 3 A 4 ) = P(A1 )P(A 2 )P(A 3 )P(A 4 ) = 0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2 = 0, 0016.

Vay luat phan phoi cua X la:


X
1
2
P
0,8 0,16
b) T luat phan phoi cua X ta suy ra:
- Ky vong cua X la M(X) = 1,2496.
- Phng sai cua X la D(X) = 0,3089.

3
4
5
0,032 0,0064 0,0016

X
P

2
3
4
0,64 0,256 0,104

b) T luat phan phoi cua X ta suy ra:


- Ky vong cua X la M(X) = 2,464.
- Phng sai cua X la D(X) = 0,456704.
--------------------------------

Bai 2.18: Mot ngi th san co 4 vien an. Ngi o i san vi nguyen
tac: neu ban 2 vien trung muc tieu th ve ngay, khong i san na. Biet
xac suat trung ch cua moi vien an ban ra la 0,8. Goi X la ai lng
ngau nhien ch so vien an ngi ay s dung trong cuoc san.
a) Tm luat phan phoi cua X.
b) Tm ky vong va phng sai cua X.
Li giai
a) Ta thay X la LNN ri rac nhan 3 gia tr: 2, 3, 4. Luat phan phoi cua
X co dang:
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