LI M U

Cng vi s pht trin ca cc ngnh k thut in t, cng ngh thng

tin, ngnh k thut iu khin, ngnh t ng ha v ang t c nhiu
tin b mi. T ng ha khng nhng lm gim nh sc lao ng cho con
ngi m cn gp phn rt ln trong vic nng cao nng sut lao ng, ci
thin cht lng sn phm. Chnh v th t ng ha ngy cng khng nh
c v tr cng nh vai tr ca mnh trong cc ngnh cng nghip v ang
c ph bin rng ri trong cc h thng cng nghip trn th gii ni chung
v Vit Nam ni ring.
Khng ch dng li , s pht trin ca t ng ha cn em li nhiu
tin ch phc v i sng hng ngy cho con ngi. Mt minh chng r nt
chnh l s ra i ca chung bo t ng vi nhiu tin ch hn, a nng
hn. phc v tt hn na i sng con ngi trong thi im x hi ngy
cng hin i v pht trin hin nay, vn lun i hi ci tin hn na cng
ngh cng nhng tnh nng tin ch cho chung t ng bo.Vic ng dng
thnh cng cc thnh tu ca l thuyt iu khin ti u, cng ngh thng tin,
cng ngh my tnh, cng ngh in in t v cc lnh vc khoa hc k thut
khc trong nhng nm gn y dn n s ra i v pht trin thit b iu
khin logic c kh nng lp trnh ( PLC ). Cng t y to ra mt cuc
cch mng trong lnh vc k thut iu khin.
Ngy nay ai cng bit r rng cng ngh PLC ng vai tr quan trng
trong nng lng c v lm b no cho cc b phn cn t ng ho v c
gii ho. Do iu khin logic kh lp trnh ( PLC ) rt cn thit i vi cc
k s c kh cng nh cc k s in , in t, t gip h nm c phm
vi ng dng rng ri v kin thc v PLC cng nh cch s dng thng
thng.

Trong thi gian lm n tt nghip, em c giao nhim v v nghin

cu vi ti:
lp trnh thit k h thng chung bo ti trng hc
y l mt ti khng hon ton l mi nhng n rt ph hp vi thc
t cc trng trung cp, cao ng v i hc hin nay, cng i su nghin
cu cng thy n hp dn v thy c vai tr ca n trong vic iu khin t
ng.
Xc nh r nhim v ca mnh em c gng ht sc, tp trung tm hiu.
Kt qu thu c cha nhiu do cn b hn ch v kin thc, thi gian v kinh
nghim nhng n gip em c thm kin thc mi sau khi ra trng c nn
tng tip cn c vi cng ngh mi.
Trong qu trnh lm n do trnh hiu bit ca em c hn, nn ni
dung n khng trnh khi nhng sai st. V vy em rt mong c s ch
bo gp ca cc thy c cng nh mi ngi quan tm n vn ny.
Qua bi n ny cho em xin uc by t li cm n chn thnh ti
thy gio Thc s Nguyn on Phong, ngi trc tip hng dn tn tnh,
gip ch bo cho em, cng ton th cc thy c gio trong khoa v nh
trng gip v to mi iu kin thun li cho em hm nay em hon
thnh n mt cch y .

CHNG 1.

CHUNG T NG TRONG TRNG HC

1.1. CHUNG T NG TRONG TRNG HC
Hn trong chng ta ai cng tri qua nhng nm thng hc tr t cp 1
ri n cp 2, cp 3. nhng nm thng hc u i gn lin vi n l ting
trng tu trng, nhng ting trng bo tit hc hay lm nhp tp th dc gia
gi. ting trng i su vo tim thc con ngi Vit Nam chng ta. V
dng nh l mt nt vn ho ngi Vit.
cp ph thng, thng thng quy m cc trng thng nh c v
din tch trng cng nh s lng hc sinh. Thng thng ch 3000m2 ch
li v cch b tr phng hc thng xy cc phng xt nhau tp trung vo mt
khu. V vy vit s dng trng bo tit h l kh thch hp.
Nhng i vi cp hc cao hn l i hc, cao ng th vic s dng
ting trng ting kng bo tit hc li khng hp l. s khng hp l l do
cc nguyn nhn :
Khun vin trng thng rt ln( thng t vi Ha tr ln).
S lng sinh vin l rt ln.
Cch b ch phng hc, phng th nghim chia theo tng khu,
tng khoa ring bit.
Khu ging ng thng xy kn trc nh tng thng t 5 tng
tr nn.
T nhng nguyn do trn m ta khng th s dng trng, kng bo
tit hc. Thay vo ngi ta s dng h thng chung bm.
H thng chung in gii quyt c cc vn :
Lp t d dng, h thng bao gm nhiu chung c b tr c

 nhiu a im cn thit.
Vic iu khin rt n gin, ch cn mt ngi bo v ngi trong
phng n nt iu khin.
tin cy cao.
Nhng nhc im ln nht ca h thng chung bm ny chnh l
con ngi. Phi mt mt ngi thng xuyn phi trc bm chung
bo gi. i khi ngi trc ng qun hoc xem nhm gi, v rt nhiu
nguyn nhn khch quan khc nh hng n s sai lch thi gian tit hc. v
kh phn bit ting chung vo lp, ra chi hay tan hc. ng trc vn
ny cn phi thit k h thng chung bo t ng trng hc.
H thng chung t ng c u im:
Thut ton lp trnh n gin
chnh xc, tin cy rt cao
Khng cn c ngi trc iu khin. ch cn n nt khi ng mt
ln h thng s chy t ng hon ton v lin tc trong nhiu nm
lin tip.
Phn bit r ting chung vo lp v ra chi.
1.2. PHN TCH MC CH, YU CU D N
1.2.1. Mc ch:
H thng bo chung ti cc thi im vo, ra ca tit hc ca
trng.
H thng c kh nng chnh li gi.
Thi gian ko di chung vo tit v ngh gii lao l khc nhau.
H thng chung c dng i dy in ng b 220V.

1.2.2. Yu cu:
H thng lm vic n nh.
C kh nng a m hnh vo ng dng trong thc t.
1.2.3. Thi gian cc tit hc.
Trong qu trnh hc tp v tm hiu thc t th thi im ra, vo cc tit
hc ca trng H dn lp Hi Phng nh sau:
C 2 bui hc mt ngy, mi ca c 6 tit hc mi tit ko di 45 pht, ra
chi gia cc tit l 5 pht, ring thi gian ra chi tit 3 ca mi bui l 10
pht. Thi gian bt u cc bui hc c chia theo ma trong nm, ph
hp vi thi tit v khong thi gian ngy m.
Ta chia lm hai ma:
Ma h bt u t trong khong u thng 3 n gia thng 11 hng
nm. Vi ma h ca sng bt u t 6h30 kt thc vo 11h30. Ca
chiu bt u t 13h00 kt thc 18h00.
Ma ng bt u t trong khong gia thng 11 n u thng 3
hng nm. Ca sng bt u t 6h45 kt thc vo 11h45. Ca chiu bt
u t 12h30 kt thc 17h30
1.2.3.1. Gi hc ma h
Bui sng:
Tit
Tit 1
Tit 2
Tit 3
Tit 4
Tit 5
Tit 6

Vo tit hc
6h30
7h20
8h10
9h5
9h55
10h45

Ht tit
7h15
8h5
8h55
9h50
10h40
11h30

Thi gian ra chi

5`
5`
10`
5`
5`

Bui chiu:
Tit
Tit 7
Tit 8
Tit 9
Tit 10
Tit 11
Tit 12

Ht tit
13h45
14h35
15h25
16h20
17h10
18h00

Thi gian ra
chi(pht)
5`

Vo tit hc
6h45
7h50
8h25
9h20
10h10
11h00

Ht tit
7h30
8h20
9h10
10h5
10h55
11h45

Thi gian ra chi

5`
5`
10`
5`
5`

Vo tit hc
12h30
13h20
14h10
15h5
15h55
16h45

Ht tit
13h15
14h5
14h55
15h50
16h40
17h30

Thi gian ra
5`
chi(pht)
5`
10`
5`
5`

Vo tit hc
13h00
13h50
14h40
15h35
16h25
17h15

5`
10`
5`
5`

1.2.3.2. Gi hc ma ng
Bui sng:
Tit
Tit 1
Tit 2
Tit 3
Tit 4
Tit 5
Tit 6
Bui chiu:
Tit
Tit 7
Tit 8
Tit 9
Tit 10
Tit 11
Tit 12

1.3. CU TO V NGHUYN L HOT NG CHUNG IN

1.3.1. Cu to

Hnh 1.1: cu to chung in

Chung in c cu to gm cc phn chnh:
1. Cun giy ( nam chm in)
2. Ba g
3. Chung
4. Ming st (tc dng nam chm in ht, v ko ba g g vo
chung)
5. Cht kp

1.3.2. Nguyn l
B phn chnh trong mi chung in chnh l mt nam chm in. Nam
chm in c cu to chnh l mt cun dy in qun quanh mt li kim loi
t tnh nh st hay thp.
Chng hot ng trn nguyn l rt n gin nh sau: Khi c dng in
i qua cun dy chng s to ra mt t trng trong li kim loi. Cun dy s
khuch i t trng ny v khi nam chm in c th ht cc vt cht
bng st thp xung quanh n ging nh mt nam chm vnh cu thng
thng.
Khi chng ta nhn cng tc, th dng in 220V s c khp kn. u
tin dng in ny s i qua mt my bin p n gin gim in p xung
khong vi vn vn hnh chung in. Tip dng in c gim p
ny s i vo trong h thng mch ca chung in.
Mch chung in l mt mch t gin on. Mt mch chung n
gin nht bao gm cc chi tit c bn (theo s ) sau: mch in mc ni
tip vi mt l st qua mt tip im. Mt u l st gn vi u g chung,
u kia ni vi mt l thp n hi c c nh bi cht kp. Nam chm
in c gn vo hai u dy dn sao cho v tr ca n c th ht c l st.
Tt c to thnh mt mch khp kn.
Khi ta n vo nt chung in, dng in i vo mch in s to thnh
mt mch kn, khi nam chm in hot ng v t gy ra t tnh, ht l
st v pha n ng thi gy ra ting ku do mt u l st g vo chung.
Tuy nhin khi , l st s h ngay tip im lm mch in b ngt khin
nam chm in mt tc dng v th l st ra. L st li chm vo tip im,
mch li c ng kn v quy trnh ny c lp i lp li min l chng ta vn
n vo nt chung in. Bng cch ny, cc nam chm in t tt m, gy ra
8

m thanh khng ngng.

Cng vi nguyn tc ny, ngi ta c th thit k ra nhiu loi chung
in c m thanh khc nhau nh ting chung r bo hiu gi hc, ting ci
cu ha hay ting knh coong quen thuc trong gia nh.

CHNG 2.

CC PHNG PHP IU KHIN CHUNG IN

2.1. CC PHNG PHP IU KHIN CHUNG IN
2.1.1. Phng php dng vi iu khin
Thnh phn c bn ca b iu khin l mt vi iu khin c ngi
thit k lp trnh v ghi vo b nh ca vi iu khin, mi khi thc hin
lnh vi iu khin s kim tra v khng ch cc thit b bn ngoi (ng c,
cc cm bin, rle, cc cng tc,...) khi kim tra xong cc thit b vi iu
khin thc hin theo lnh lp trnh v a ra cc quyt nh iu khin.
Vi iu khin nhn tn hiu iu khin t cc thit b u vo nh l : cc
cm bin, cng tc hnh trnh, cc nt iu khin hay tn hiu a vo t bn
phm. y l cc thit b a lnh iu khin v vy yu cu cho cc thit b
ny l phi o bo tin cy cao c c lnh iu khin chnh xc.
Tn hiu u ra ca vi iu khin ng vai tr l lnh iu khin cc i
tng iu khin.
i tng y l cun ht ca chung in. Lp trnh c thi gian
(RTC), khi thi gian thc bng vi cc khong thi gian ci t trc l
cc khong thi gian ra chi v vo lp th s set chn iu khin ln 1 v
chung ku.
Vi iu khin gm 4 khi con:
RTC khi to ng h gian thc. Giao tip hai chiu vi vi iu khin
Khi chung bo. L khi chng trnh lp trnh c a vo vi
iu khin so snh vi thi gian RTC.
Khi hin th hin th giao tip vi ngi vn hnh. Hin th thi gian
10

ca khi RTC, v cc ch ci t.
Khi x l (vi iu khin). L khi x l tnh ton cc thut ton ca h
thng, cng nh iu khin cc khi khc.

RTC
(real time clock)

Khi x l

Khi hin th
(LCD 16x2)

VI IU
KHIN
Khi iu chnh

Khi chung bo
80C51
Hnh 2.1: S khi

Hnh 2.2: Mch iu khin cun ht chung bng Transistor v rle

Do cun ht ca chung in s dng ngun in xoay chiu 220VAC nn ta
dng Transistor iu khin cun ht rle hoc cng tc t, rle v cng tc t
c tc dng cch li v in vi mch ng lc v n iu khin ng ngt
chung in.
Transistor Q1 c iu khin bi chn P3.2 ca vi iu khin.

11

Hinh 2.3: Mch to xung nhp cho vi iu khin

S dng thch anh 12MHz to giao ng bn trong vi iu khin.
Ni vo 2 chn XTAL1 v XTAL2. Thi gian thc c lp trnh da trn
tn s dao ng ny. Ta lp trnh mt ng h thi gian trn c s b ngt
b nh thi, xung nhp hot ng cho vi iu khin.

Hnh 2.4: Mch to thi gian thc

DS1307 l mt IC thi gian thc vi ngun cung cp nh, dng cp
nht thi gian v ngy thng vi 56 bytes SRAM. a ch v d liu c
truyn ni tip qua 2 ng bus 2 chiu. N cung cp thng tin v gi, pht,

12

giy, th, ngy, thng, nm. Ngy cui thng s t ng c iu chnh vi

cc thng nh hn 31 ngy, bao gm c vic t ng nhy nm. ng h c
th hot ng dng 24h hoc 12h vi ch th AM/PM. DS1307 c mt mch
cm bin in p dng d cc in p li v t ng ng ngt vi ngun
pin cung cp.
DS 1307 hot ng vi vai tr slave trn ng bus ni tip. Vic truy
cp c thi hnh vi ch th START v mt m thit b nht nh c cung
cp bi a ch cc thanh ghi. Tip theo cc thanh ghi s c truy cp lin
tc n khi ch th STOP c thc thi.

Hnh 2.5: Vi iu khin 80C51

Vi iu khin 80C51 lm nhim v c time trn DS1307 sau n
kim tra xem ngt c tc ng hay khng. Nu c thi iu chnh time, hin

13

th time ln LCD, kim tra xem gi hin ti c bng gi bo chung hay

khng. Nu c th gi chng trnh iu khin chung ku. H thng s dng
5 nt iu khin h thng (nh hnh v P3.0, P3.1, P3.2, P3.3, RST) :
Nt START/STOP(P3.0) khi ng hoc dng khng bo chung
vo nhng ngy trng khng t chc hc nh nhng ngy l tt, thi
hc k,... nhng ng h thi gian thc vn chy.
Nt SET(P3.1) ta chn ch ci t iu chnh ng h s. Vi 4
trng thi ci t thi gian: 0 - Normal, 1 - gi, 2 pht, 4ngy, 5 thng, 6 - nm, 7 - th trong tun.
Nt UP(p3.2), DOWN(P3.3) l nt tng hoc gim thi gian cho
ng h trong cc ch iu chnh time.
Nt RESET(RST) khi phc li ton b h thng ch v trng thi
ban u khi xy ra li.

14

Hnh 2.6: S nguyn l mch iu khiu chung in

* Nguyn l hot ng:
Ban u khi khi ng n s thc hin vic c d liu t DS1307 v hin
th ngay gi hin ti ln mn hnh LCD. K tip nu c ngt gi n tc tc

15

ng vo phm SET iu chnh thi gian (Tng-UP button, Gim-DOWN

button) cho RTC , khi vi iu khin s iu khin vic tng hay gim time
(ngy, thng, nm, th, gi, pht ), theo mun ca ngi s dng, bng
cch nhn phm UP hoc phm DOWN. Set xong th LCD s tr v mn hnh
lc trc v hin th thi gian theo time ci t v hot ng.
Trong qu trnh time hin ti c hin th trn LCD m ta thy th vi iu
khin lun thc hin vic kim tra (lp li vic kim tra ) thi gian hin ti
xem xem c trng vi mc thi gian vo tit hc hay kt thc tit hc hay
khng? Nu c, th nhy ti chng trnh bo chung v chung bo, thi
gian chung di hay ngn c th thay i trn code, l do ngi lp trnh thit
lp, thit lp mc thi gian theo mun. Tc l, c tha mn iu kin thi
gian hin ti bng vi thi gian hn trc s c chung reo.
2.1.2. Phng php dng Modul LOGO!
2.1.2.1. Thng s LOGO!230RC
LOGO!230RC c 8 ng vo v 4 ng ra, do vi nhng c cu
chp hnh cn trn 8 ng vo hoc trn 4 ng ra th cn phi gn thm s
modul thch hp. y l thng s k thut:
L1

= 85...253 VDC

I115VAC

= 10...30 mA

I240VAC

= 10...20 mA

I1...I8

= 1>79VAC; I> 0,08 mA

0<40VAC; I<0.03 mA

L+

= 100...253 VDC

I115VDC

= 5...15 mA

I240VDC

= 5...10 mA

16

I1...I8

= 1>79 VDC ; I>0.08 mA

0<30 VDC; I<0.03 mA

Cng sut tiu th 3W/230VAC, 2.5W/115VAC

Tn s li 47Hz......63Hz
Sai s thi gian thc 5s/ngy
C bn phm v b hin th
Li ra iu khin 4 rle c li ra cch in vi dng 8A
Giao tip vi my tnh PC
Kch thc : 72x90x55
Ng ra dng rle c I0MAX = 8 A. Vi bn cng tc thi gian (theo ng
h ) vi ba ln ng ct cho mi cng tc.
2.1.2.2. u ra u vo LOGO!230RC
Mi u vo -c nhn dng bi ch I vi con s. Khi nhn LOGO! t
mt tr-c, bn nhn thy cc u ni ca u vo pha trn bn phi. Mi
u ra -c nh du bi ch Q v mt con s. C th thy u ni outputs
pha d-i.
LOGO!230RC c ng vo mc 0 khi cng tc h hay c in p
40 VDC , ng ra c mc 1 khi cng tc ng hay c in p 79 VAC.
Dng in ng vo ln nht l 0.24mA. Thi gian i trng thi t 0 ln
1 hay t 1 xung 0 ti thiu l 50ms LOGO! nhn bit c.
LOGO! C ng u ra l rle, vi tip im ca rle cch ly vi
ngun nui v ng ra. Ti ng ra c th l n, ng c, cng tc v c
th dng cc ngun in p cp cho ti thun tr l 8A v ti cm l 2A.
2.1.2.3. S u ni

17

I1: Start/Stop, dng vic bo chung t ng v chuyn sang iu

khin bng tay.
I2: Reset, thit lp li tp thi thi gian ca LOGO! Khi xy ra ni ht
pin ph, do mt in ngun mt thi gian gii.
Q1: ng ct cun ht ca rle iu khin chung in.

Hnh 2.7 : S u ni Modul LOGO!

2.1.2.4. ng h (kho nh thi gian).
Mch kho nh thi gian ch c trong loi LOGO! C ch C (tc l
clock ng h) v d nh: LOGO! 230RC.

18

a. B nh thi gian theo tun.

K hiu LOGO!

Kt ni

Knh No1, No2,

No3

M t
Mi mt knh cho php ta
t thi gian On v Off ca
cc ngy trong tun.
Ng ra c Set ln khi thi

Output Q

gian trong ngy trng vi thi

gian t trong cc knh.

Mi ng h c 3 Cam nh gi. Thng s No1, No2, No3

Thng s No1, No2, No3:
S dng thng s No cho 3 Cam nh gi ca ng h. Thng s ca Cam
No1 nh sau:
Khi B01
Cam No1
B01: No1
Day = Mon+

Th 2

On =06:30

Thi gian m l 6h30

Off =06:31

Thi gian tt l 6 gi 31

Ngy trong tun

Su

Ch nht

Mon

Th hai

Tu

Th ba

We

Th t

Th

Th nm

Fr

Th su

Sa

Th by
19

Su

Ch nht

Mo..Fr

Hng ngy t th hai n th su

Mon..Sa

Hng ngy t th hai n th by

nh thi gian ng:

Bt k thi gian no gia 00:00 gi v 23:59 gi
--:-- c ngha l khng nh thi gian ng.
nh thi gian ct:
Bt k thi gian no gia 00:00 gi v 23:59 gi
--:-- c ngha l khng nh thi gian ct.
B nh m cho ng h.
Trong LOGO!230RC ng h trong vn chy khi mt ngun. Ni cch khc
ng h c ngun in d phng. Trong thi gian d phng ca ngun
LOGO! 230RC ph thuc vo nhit ca mi trng. Ti nhit l 40oC
ngun d tr cho 8gi.
Trong trng hp ngy nh dng cc knh trng nhau th trng thi
ng ra s c quyt nh theo knh c mc u tin cao( No3>No2>No1).
b. t ng h kho nh gi
t thi Gian chuyn mch tin hnh nh sau:
nh v con tr ti v tr ca ng h (v d No1).
Bm phm OK. LOGO! m ca s thng s cho vng Cam. Con tr
v tr ngy ca tun.
S dng phm la chn mt hay nhiu ngy ca tun.
S dng phm di chuyn con tr ti u ca thi gian dng.
t thi gian ng:

20

 S dng phm thay i gi tr. di chuyn con tr ti v tr

khc ta s dng phm . Ta c th la chn gi tr --:-- ti v tr u
tin ( --:-- c ngha l cng tc khng hot ng).
t thi gian tt qu trnh tng t nh bc trn.
Kt thc qu tnh nhp bng vic n phm OK.
c. B nh ngy trong nm
K hiu LOGO!

Kt ni

M t
nh gian thi im On v

Thng s No

Off vo hai ngy khc nhau

trong nm.
Ng ra c Set ln khi

Output Q

ngy hin ti ri vo vng

ngy nh trc

V d:

MM: Month (thng)

DD: Day (ngy)
Thi im On v Off c t vo ngy no trong nm. Khi ngy
hin ti trong nm ri vo khong thi gian ny th ng ra s c set ln 1.

21

Vic thit t No cng tng t nh thit t cc No ca b nh thi

gian theo tun nu bn trn.
d. t thi gian trong ch t thng s.
Chuyn sang ch t thng s bng cch n ng thi hai phm OK v
ESC.
Chn Set clock v bm OK. Menu sau xut hin:
SetClock
Day =_Mon
Time = 10:00

Con tr c t pha trc ngy trong tun. Chn ngy trong tun bng
cc phm chc nng, cng nh vy cho t thi gian ng. Kt thc bng
phm OK.
2.1.3. Phng php dng PLC S7-200
Chung t ng thc hin theo mt chng trnh nh sn, chng trnh
ny do ngi lp trnh thc hin. Chng trnh c np vo PLC. B iu
khin lm nhim v iu khin hot ng chung in. Thnh phn c bn
ca b iu khin l mt PLC, mi khi thc hin lnh PLC s kim tra v
khng ch cc thit b bn ngoi (ng c, cc cm bin, cng tc...). Khi
kim tra xong cc thit b PLC iu khin thc hin theo lnh lp trnh
v a ra cc quyt nh iu khin.
PLC nhn tn hiu iu khin t cc thit b u vo nh cc nt n, cng
tc, cng tc hnh trnh hay tn hiu a vo t bn phm... Ngoi ra trong
PLC cn c ng h thi gian thc cng c th c dng nh mt u vo.
y l cc thit b a lnh iu khin v vy yu cu cho cc thit b ny l
phi m bo tin cy cao c c lnh iu khin chnh xc. Tn hiu

22

u ra ca PLC ng vai tr l lnh iu khin cc i tng iu khin. Ta

a vo PLC cc thut ton, cc hm PLC phn tch v tnh ton iu
khin chung, PLC iu khin ng/ngt chung bo tit hc vi thi gian
c ta ci t trc. Khi vo nhng thi gian trng khng t chc hc(
ngh l tt, quc khnh, trong k thi hc k,ngh h...), PLC s iu khin ngt
khng cho chung ku.
c thi
gian thc
ca h
thng

Phn tch,
so snh thi
gian

Hnh2.8: S khi h thng chung bo tit hc

Hnh 2.9: S u ni PLC

23

iu
khin c
cu chp
hnh

u vo l hai cng tc iu khin. Cng tc on/off (I0.0) ngt qu

trnh c thi gian thc ca CPU v ngt u ra ca PLC (Q0.0). Cng tc
reset (I0.1) dng reset li h thng khi xy ra s c h thng nh
mt in trong thi gian di dn n ht pin d phng ca PLC. Vi vic
reset li h thng thc cht l ta t li thi gian thc cho PLC. Vit reset
ch gii quyt s c mang tnh tm thi, v khi ng h thi gian
trong PLC s sai lch so vi thi gian thc. V vy t li thi gian
chnh xc cho PLC ta cn kt ni PLC vi my tnh v cp nht li thi
gian cho PLC. Khi h thng s hot ng bnh thng tr li.
2.1.3.1. ng h thi gian thc
Trong thit b iu khin lp trnh PLC S7-200 k t CPU 214 tr i
th trong CPU c mt ng h ghi gi tr thi gian thc gm cc thng s
v nm, thng, ngy, gi, pht, giy v ngy trong tun. ng h ny c
cp in lin tc bi ngun pin 3V. Khi thc hin lp trnh cho cc h
thng t ng iu khin cn cp nht gi tr ng h thi gian thc ny ta
s dng 2 lnh sau :
a. Lnh c thi gian thc
Dng LAD

Dng STL

TODR VB0

Lnh ny c ni dung ca ng h thi gian thc ri chuyn sang m BCD

v lu vo b m 8 byte lin tip nhau theo th t nh sau:

24

Byte 0
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Byte 7

Nm (099)
Thng (012)
Ngy (031)
Gi (023)
Pht (059)
Giy (059)
Ngy trong tun (17) ) ;1: Sunday

Trong byte u tin c ch nh bi ton hng T trong cu lnh, byte 7

ch s dng 4 bit thp lu gi tr cc ngy trong tun.
b. Lnh t thi gian thc
Dng LAD

Dng STL

TODW VB0

Lnh ny c tc dng ghi ni dung ca b m 8 byte vi byte u tin

c ch nh trong ton hng T vo ng h thi gian thc. Trong T
thuc 1 trong nhng vng nh sau : VB, IB, QB, MB, SMB. Nu cn iu
chnh cc thng s v nm, thng, ngy, gi, pht, giy, ngy trong tun th
iu chnh cc byte nh sau :
Byte 0
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Byte 7

Nm (099)
Thng (012)
Ngy (031)
Gi (023)
Pht (059)
Giy (059)
Ngy trong tun (17) ; 1: Sunday
25

Ch : khng s dng lnh TODR, TODW va trong chng trnh

chnh va trong chng trnh x l ngt. Nu TODR, TODW c thc
hin th khi gi chng trnh ngt, cc lnh ng h trong chng trnh x l
ngt s khng thc hin na. Lc Bt SM4.5 c gi tr logic 1.
2.2. SO SNH CC PHNG PHP IU KHIN.
2.2.1. Phng php dng vi iu khin.
2.2.1.1. u im
Chi ph phn cng tng i thp, linh kin ph bin d dng tm thy
v mua trn th trng.
Tiu th in nng thp.
Tit kim khng gian.
M phng v th nghim n gin.
C th thit k tng khi ring r c bit c th thay i linh hot thi
im vo/ra nh thay i khi gii m
2.2.1.2. Nhc im
Mi ln mun thay i chng trnh phi lp t li ton b.
Tn kh nhiu thi gian cho vic thit k lp t.
Quy trnh lp trnh, thut ton tng i phc tp.
bn v tin cy khng cao.
Sau mt thi gian dng s b sai lch v thi gian thc do h thng b
nh hng ca nhiu bn ngoi, do chng trnh lp trnh.
Khi mt in nhiu ln dn n h thng s b sai s v khi mt in cc
thng s hin thi khng c lu m b reset v 0 ban u.
2.2.2. Phng php dng LOGO!
2.2.2.1. u im

26

 Cng sut tiu th t.

Ngn ng lp trnh n gin.
Tnh hp l mt modul nh gon, d dng u ni.
Giao tip ngi my n gin d thao tc.
C bn v tin cy vn hnh kh cao.
D dnh thay i chng trnh khi cn.
Bo tr sa cha d dng
2.2.2.2. Nhc im
Gi thnh kh cao.
kh sa cha thay th cc khi b hng.
Sau khi dng c mt thi gian(2 nm) xut hin sai lch v thi gian.
Chy khng chnh xc na, nguyn nhn l do pin ca LOGO! khng
bn.
Pin d tr khi mt in thp (t 10 ting n 30 ting).
2.2.3. Phng php dng PLC S7-200
2.2.3. 1 u im
Nhng dy kt ni trong h thng gim c 80% nn nh gn hn.
Cng sut tiu th t.
Thi gian lp t nhanh hn.
Tit kim khng gian.
D dng thay i chng trnh.
Bo tr v sa cha d dng.
bn v tin cy vn hnh cao.
Gi thnh ca h thng gim khi s tip im tng.

27

 Thch ng trong mi trng khc nghit nh mi trng m t nh

nc ta, mi trng c nhit thay i, in p dao ng, ting n,
oxi ha.
Chun b hot ng nhanh.
Chun ha c phn cng iu khin.
ng dng iu khin trong phm vi rng.
Ngn ng lp trnh d hiu.

D lp trnh v c th lp trnh trn my tnh thch hp cho vic thc

hin cc lnh tun t ca n.

C thit b chng nhiu.

Cc modul ri cho php thay th hoc thm vo khi cn thit.
Giao tip c vi cc thit b thng minh khc nh: my tnh, ni
mng, cc Modul m rng.
2.2.3.2. Nhc im
Gi thnh cao.
2.2.4. Nhn xt v la chn phng n
Phng php dng vi iu khin c nhc im tin cy khng cao, d
xy ra nhiu, sai lch v thi gian thc. Ngn ng lp trnh phc tp. Nn ta
khng s dng.
i vi phng php dng Modul LOGO! C nhc im sau mt thi
gian chy th thi gian thc trong my b sai lch do cht lng ca pin nui
km.
Phng n dng PLC l hp l nht. Ch c mt nhc im l gi thnh
mua thit b cao, nhng gn y gi thnh gim dn rt nhiu.

28

T nhng l do trn PLC th hin r u im ca n so vi cc thit b

iu khin thng thng khc. PLC cn c kh nng thm vo hay thay i
cc lnh ty theo yu cu cng ngh. Khi ta ch cn thay i chng trnh
ca n, iu ny ni ln tnh nng iu khin kh linh ng ca PLC.

29

CHNG 3.

NG DNG PLC VO IU KHIN CHUNG BO

TIT HC T NG TRNG I HC
3.1. S PHT TRIN CA T NG HO V PLC
3.1.1. S pht trin ca t ng ho
Cng vi cng ngh thng tin th TH l mt ngnh khoa hc pht trin
cc k mnh m trong thi gian gn y. TH c mt khp ni, mi lnh
vc ca i sng. Trong cc nh my, x nghip, xng sn xut l cc
dy chuyn sn xut t ng. Hay trong cc c quan, cng s, vn phng nh
l thang my, ca t ng, cc my sot hng t ng... Nhng thnh tu m
n em li cho nhn loi l khng th k ht. Tm quan trng ca n khng
ch i vi nhng nc ang pht trin ang trong qu trnh cng nghip ha
nh nc ta, m cn i vi c nhng nc t bn pht trin hng u th
gii nh M, Nht, c... V vy vic nghin cu cc ng dng ca TH p
dng trong qu trnh pht trin ca x hi l iu tt yu v cn thit i vi
sinh vin ngnh TH. Vic hc hi tm ti v sng to nhng ng dng ca
TH s gp phn khng nh vo s pht trin nn cng nghip nc nh ni
ring v s i ln ca x hi ni chung. Mt x hi pht trin v vn minh l
mt x hi gn lin vi t ng ho.
3.1.2. S pht trin ca PLC
Trong rt nhiu ng dng ca TH, chng ta khng th khng ni n
cng ngh PLC, l mt cng ngh lp trnh ti u dng iu khin cc
chng trnh hot ng t ng. Cng ngh PLC kt hp vi my vi tnh l
nn mng vng chc cho ngnh TH pht trin. Trong cnh tranh cng

30

nghip th hiu qu ca nn sn sut ni chung l cha kha ca thnh cng.

Hiu qu ca nn sn sut bao trm nhng lnh vc rt rng nh:
1. Tc sn sut ra mt sn phm ca thit b v ca dy truyn
phi nhanh.
2. Gi nhn cng v vt liu lm ra sn phm phi h.
3. Cht lng cao v ph phm.
4. Thi gian cht chc ca my mc l ti thiu.
5. My sn xut c gi tr r.
Cc b iu khin chng trnh p ng c hu ht cc yu cu trn
v nh l yu t chnh trong vic nng cao hn na hiu qu sn sut trong
cng nghip. Trc y th vic t ng ha ch c p dng trong sn xut
hng lot, nng sut cao. Hin nay cn thit phi t ng ha c trong sn
xut nhiu loi hng ha khc nhau, trong vic nng cao cht lng cng nh
t nng sut cao hn v nhm gim vn u t cho thit b v x nghip.
Cc h thng sn xut linh hot (FMS) p ng c cc nhu cu ny.
H thng bao gm cc thit b nh cc my iu khin s, rbt cng nghip,
dy truyn t ng v my tnh ha cng vic iu khin sn xut. Bn s tm
thy nhiu ng dng ca cc b iu khin chng trnh trong thit b sn
xut t ng.
Trc khi c cc b iu khin chng trnh trong sn xut c nhiu
phn t iu khin, k c cc trc cam, cc b khng ch hnh trng. Khi xut
hin rle in t th panel rle tr thnh ch o trong iu khin. Khi
transistors xut hin n c p dng ngay nhng ch m rle in t
khng p ng c nhng yu cu iu khin cao.
Ngy nay, lnh vc iu khin c m rng n c qu trnh sn xut
phc tp, n cc h thng iu khin tng th vi cc mch vng kn, n
cc h thng x l s liu v iu khin kim tra tp trung ha.

31

H thng iu khin logic thng thng khng th thc hin iu khin

tng th c, v cc b iu khin chng trnh ha hoc iu khin bng
my vi tnh tr ln cn thit.
3.2. THIT B IU KHIN KH TRNH PLC S7-200
3.2.1. Gii thiu chung v cc h ca PLC S7-200
PLC S7-200 l thit b iu khin logic lp trnh c nh ca hng
SIEMENS, c cu trc kiu modul v cpu cc modul m rng. Cc modul
ny c s dng cho nhiu cc ng dng lp trnh khc nhau. Thnh phn c
bn ca S7 200 l khi vi x l CPU 212, CPU 214 hay CPU 216. V hnh
thc bn ngoi, s khc nhau gia cc loi CPU ny nhn bit c nh u
vo ra v ngun cung cp.
c im v thng s ca cc loi PLC S7-200 khc nhau c gii
thiu trong bng sau:
Bng 3.1: Thng s ca cc loi PLC S7-200
c trng
Kch thc (mm)

CPU 221

CPU 222

CPU 224

CPU 226

90x80x62

90x80x62

120.5x80x62

190x80x62

B nh chng trnh

2048 words 2048 words

4096 words

4096 words

B nh d liu

1024 words 1024 words

2560 words

2560 words

Cng logic vo

14

24

Cng logic ra

10

16

None

Digital I/O cc i

128/128

128/128

128/128

128/128

Analog I/O cc i

None

16In/16Out

32In/32Out

32In/32Out

B m (Counter)

256

256

256

256

Modul m rng

32

c trng

CPU 221

CPU 222

CPU 224

CPU 226

B nh th (Timer)

256

256

256

256

Tc thc thi lnh

0.37 s

0.37 s

0.37 s

0.37 s

Kh nng lu tr khi
mt in

50 gi

50 gi

190 gi

190 gi

3.2.2. Cu trc chung h PLC S7-200

3.2.2.1. Cu trc phn cng
thc hin c 1 chng trnh iu khin, PLC c kh nng nh mt
my tnh , ngha l n c mt b vi x l ( CPU : Center Processing Unit),
mt h iu hnh, mt b nh lu gi chng trnh, d liu v cc cng
vo ra giao tip vi cc thit b iu khin v trao i thng tin vi mi
trng xung quanh. Bn cnh , nhm phc v cc bi ton iu khin s,
PLC cn c thm cc chc nng c bit nh b m, b thi gian v cc
khi hm chuyn dng. Phn cng c 1 b iu khin kh trnh PLC c cu
to thnh cc modul. Mt b PLC thng c cc modul sau :
Ngun cung cp (Power Supply) to ra ngun 5 VDC hoc 24 VDC tu
theo cc h PLC, thng l 24 VDC ( 120mA max)
B x l trung tm CPU (Central Procesing Unit ) CPU thc hin cc
nhim v iu khin trung tm, cc thnh phn ca n bao gm lp
trnh ng dng.
Modul vo/ra (I/O): Tu theo cc loi PLC m s lng u ra khc
nhau. Giao tip vi modul vo/ra c th dng Digital, Analog hoc giao
tip c bit...
Modul giao din: ghp ni thm vi PLC.
Cc modul m rng: Tu theo cc h iu khin yu cu m ta ghp
thm cc modul m rng ( modul vo/ra, EPROM modul ...)
33

Tt c h thng ny chuyn vo cc gi g lp cc modul cng h thng

BUS a ch, BUS s liu, BUS diu khin v BUS ngun cung cp.
Mi modul c ghp thnh 1 n v ring, c phch cm nhiu chn
cm vo rt ra c d dng trn trn mt panel c kh c dng hp hoc
bng. Trn panel c lp cc ng : ng ray ngun dn ngun mt
chiu ly t u ra ca modul ngun PSCN ( thng l 24 V ) n cung cp
cho cc modul khc. Bus lin lc trao i thng tin gia cc modul vi th
gii bn ngoi

Hnh 3.1: Cu trc chung ca b iu khin lp trnh PLC

3.2.2.2. Cng truyn thng
S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS485 vi u ni 9 chn
phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc trm PLC khc.
Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI (Point to Point Interface) l 9600

34

bauds. Tc truyn ca PLC theo kiu t do l 300 38.400 bauds. S

chn cng truyn thng v trn sau:

Chn
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Chc nng
GND
24 VDC
Tn hiu A ca RS485 (RxD/TxD+)
RTS ( theo mc TTL )
GND
+5 VDC
Ngun cp 24 VDC 120mA max
Tn hiu B RS485 (RxD/TxD+ )
Chn la cch giao tip

Hnh 3.2: S chn ca cng truyn thng

ghp ni S7-200 vi my lp trnh PG 702 hoc vi cc loi my lp
trnh thuc h PG7xx c th s dng mt cp ni thng qua MPI.
Ghp ni S7 200 vi my tnh PC thng qua cng RS 232 cn c cp
ni PC/PCI vi b chuyn i RS 232/RS 485.

35

Hnh 3.3: Hai cch ghp ni PLC S7-200 vi my tnh

3.2.2.3. Cu trc b nh PLC S7-200
B nh ca S7-200 c chia thnh 4 vng c mt t in lm nhim v
duy tr d liu trong mt khong thi gian nht nh khi mt ngun. B nh
S7-200 c tnh nng ng cao, c th c ghi c trong ton vng, ngoi tr
cc bit nh c bit SM (Special memory) ch c th truy nhp c. Hnh
3.4 m t b nh trong v ngoi ca PLC, bao gm:
Vng nh chng trnh: L min b nh c dng lu gi cc
lnh. chng trnh. Vng ny thuc kiu non-valatie c/ghi c.
Vng nh tham s: L min lu gi cc tham s nh t kho, a ch
trm... cng ging nh vng chng trnh, vng ny thuc kiu (nonvalatile) c/ghi c.
Vng d liu: c s dng ct cc d liu ca chng trnh bao
gm kt qu ca cc php tnh, hng s c nh ngha trong chng
trnh, b m truyn thng...

36

 Vng i tng: Timer, b m, b m tc cao v cc cng vo/ra

tng t c t trong vng nh cui cng. Vng ny khng thuc
kiu non-valatile nhng c/ghi c.
Vng nh d liu v vng nh i tng c ngha quan trng trong
vic thc hin mt chng trnh

Hnh 3.4: Phn chia b nh ca PLC S7-200

3.2.3. Phng thc thc hin chng trnh trong PLC
PLC thc hin chng trnh theo chu trnh lp. Mi vng lp c gi l
vng qut ( scan). Mi vng qut c bt u bng giai on chuyn d liu
t cc cng vo s ti tng b nh m o ng vo (I), tip theo l giai on
thc hin chng trnh. Trong tng dng qut, chng trnh c thc hin t
lnh u tin n lnh kt thc. Sau giai on thc hin chu trnh l giai on
chuyn cc ni dung ca b m o ra (Q) ti cc cng ra s. Vng qut c
kt thc bng giai on truyn thng ni b v kim tra li.
Thi gian cn thit PLC thc hin c mt vng qut gi l thi
gian vng qut ( Scan time ). Thi gian vng qut khng c nh, tc l
khng phi vng qut no cng c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian
nh nhau. C cng qut thc hin lu, c vng qut thc hin nhanh tu thuc

37

vo s lnh trong chng trnh c thc hin, vo khi lng d liu truyn
thng trong vng qut .

Hnh 3.5: Chu k qut trong PLC

Nh vy gia vic c d liu t i tng x l, tnh ton v vic gi
tn hiu iu khin ti i tng c mt khong thi gian tr ng bng thi
gian vng qut. Ni cch khc, thi gian vng qut quyt nh tnh thi gian
thc ca chng trnh iu khin trong PLC. Thi gian qut cng ngn, tnh
thi gian thc hin ca chng trnh cng cao.

38

Ti thi im thc hin lnh vo/ra, thng thng lnh khng lm vic
trc tip vi cng vo/ra m ch thng qua b m o ca cng trong vng
nh tham s. Vic nh vic truyn thng gia b m o vi ngoi vi do h
iu hnh CPU qun l. mt s modul CPU, khi gp lnh vo/ra ngay lp
tc h thng s cho dng mi cng vic khc, ngay c chng trnh x l
ngt thc hin lnh trc tip cng vo/ra.
3.3. THIT K M HNH CHUNG BO TIT HC T NG
IU KHIN BNG PLC
3.3.1. La chn cc thit b dng trong m hnh
3.3.1.1. Yu cu v m hnh
Kch thc gn gng.
H thng c hot ng tt.
Hot ng theo ng thit k.
H thng chung t ng p ng mi yu cu t ra.
3.3.1.2. Mc ch ca vic ch to m hnh
To ra mt m hnh chung bo tit hc t ng trng i hc c th
hot ng tt, t c th thit k c h thng chung bo tit hc t ng
hon chnh cho cc trng hc.
Vic ch to ra m hnh hot ng tt s to iu kin cho sinh vin c
c hi hc tp v nghin cu mn hc mt cch thc t, l mt c hi rt tt
gip sinh vin khi b ng khi lm vic thc t.
Nghin cu ch to ra m hnh chung bo ti trng hc ny sinh vin
cng phi tham kho thc t nhiu lnh vc v tham kho bng nhiu ti liu
khc nhau. iu mang li s hiu bit su sc hn cho sinh vin khng ch
trong mt lnh vc t ng ha m cn nhiu lnh vc, nghnh ngh khc nh
in , in t, c kh,
39

3.3.2. La chn thit b cho m hnh

Cc thit b s dng trong h thng gm c:
- PLC S7-200
- Chung in
- Nt nhn
- Rle 24VDC/280VAC
- n bo
- Ngun 24VDC
3.3.2.1. PLC S7-214

Hnh 3.6: PLC S7- 200 CPU 214

PLC S7-214: Thit b iu khin chnh ca ton b m hnh thit b ny
dng ngun xoay chiu 220V. Chc nng iu khin theo chng trnh lp
trnh sn theo chng trnh cho trc
3.3.2.2. Chung in

Hnh 3.7: Chung in

40

Chung in s dng ngun in xoay chiu 220VAC. Ch to da trn

nguyn l in t trng. Dng li ba g. Chung in ku RengReng ph
hp lp t ti cc trng hc.
3.3.2.3. n bo

Hnh 3.8: n Led

n bo pha dng cho cc t in. C cc mu , vng, xanh l cy ,
trng, xanh dng. Loi n ny s dng cng ngh LED, ng knh 22mm
3.3.2.4. Rle

Hnh 3.9: Rle

Rle l thit b dng ng ct mch ng lc( c cu chp hnh).
c iu khin bi PLC. Cch li da mch ng lc vi mch iu khin.
3.3.2.4. B ngun
To b ngung 24VDC cp cho PLC, u vo u ra cho PLC. B
ngun gm c:

41

Hnh 3.10: Bin p

- Bin p 220/18V/3A. Nhim v bin i nng lng in xoay chiu
c in p 220V/50Hz thnh nng lng in xoay chiu c in p
18V/50Hz
- Cu chnh Lu 5A. Chc nng chnh lu dng xoay chiu 18V/AC
thnh dng mt chiu 24V/DC
- T 2200 F, 50V. C tc dng lc phng in p mt chiu sau chnh
lu.

Hnh 3.11: S tng qut v mch cp ngun

3.3.3. Yu cu chng trnh
Chung thit k phi bo chung vo/ra tit hc chun xc, ng gi.
Chung thit k thng minh vi vic ngng hot ng vo nhng
ngy l, tt (dng lch), cc t ngh h. Khng bo chung vo cc
t thi hc k.
vic chuyn i gi hc n gin, c th ng dng cho nhiu
trng hc khc nhu.

42

 bo gi hc theo hai ma l ma h v ma ng.

Chung bo tit hc phi c hai ch auto v manual.
ch manual phi gii hn c thi gian ti a chung reo.
3.3.4. Lu thut ton iu khin
Cc bc bn trn

Thay i thi gian hc.

Sng: 6h30 n 11h30
Chiu: 13h00 n 18h00

Ma h
2/3-9/11

Thc hin bc tip theo

S
Thay i thi gian vo hc
Sng: 6h15 n 11h45
Chiu: 12h30 n 17h30

Thc hin bc tip theo

Hnh 3.12: Lu thut ton kim tra ma

43

BT U

Thi
im bt
u tit 2

A5

Chung reo 5s
S

Auto/
manal = 1

c thi gian
thc

Bm
chung=1

Thi im
ht tit 2

Ngy l,
k thi, h
=1

Chung
reo

S
S

Chung reo 2s

Thi
im bt
u tit 1

Thi
im bt
u tit 3

Chung reo 5s

Chung reo 5s

S
S

Thi
im ht
tit 1

Thi
im ht
tit 3

Chung reo 2s

Chung reo 2s
A2
44

A2
S
S

Thi
im bt
u tit 4

Thi
im bt
u tit 6

Chung reo 5s

Chung reo 5s

S
S

Thi
im ht
tit 4

Thi im
ht ca sng

Chung reo 7s

Chung reo 2s

S
S

Thi
im bt
u tit 5

Thi im
bt u
tit 7

Chung reo 5s

Chung reo 5s

S
S

Thi
im ht
tit 5

Thi
im ht
tit 7

Chung reo 2s

Chung reo 2s

A3
45

A3

Thi im
bt u
tit 8

Thi im
bt u
tit 10

Chung reo 5s

Chung reo 5s

S
S

Thi
im ht
tit 8

Thi im
ht tit 10

Chung reo 2s

Chung reo 2s

S
S

Thi
im bt
u tit 9

Thi im
bt u
tit 11

Chung reo 5s

Chung reo 5s

S
S

Thi
im ht
tit 9

Thi
im ht
tit 11

Chung reo 2s

Chung reo 2s

A4
46

A4

Thi im
bt u tit
12

Chung reo 5s

Thi im
ht ca
chiu

Chung reo 7s

S
Reset = 1

t li thi gian
PLC
A5

KT THC

Hnh 3.13: Lu thut ton chung bo mt hc

47

3.3.5. Bng b ch a ch vo/ra PLC

Loi

a ch

Auto/manual

a ch u vo

I0.0

Reset

a ch u vo

I0.1

Ring

a ch u vo

I0.2

Chung in

a ch u ra

Q0.0

n bo ch Auto

a ch u ra

Q0.1

n bo ch Manual

a ch u ra

Q0.2

n bo bo gi ma h

a ch u ra

Q0.3

n bo bo gi ma ng

a ch u ra

Q0.4

Phn t

3.3.6. Mch u vo, u ra

3.3.6.1. u vo PLC
Auto/Manual : Nt la chn ch iu khin t ng hoc bng tay
Ring : Nt bm chung reo khi ch iu khin bng tay
Reset : t li li thi gian cho PLC

Reset

Ring

Auto/manual

24VDC
VDC

I0.0

I0.1

I0.2

PLC S7-200
0v

Hnh 3.14: Mch u vo PLC S7-200

48

3.3.6.2. u ra PLC
R1: Micro Rle iu khin chung
MR1: Micro Rle iu khin n bo ch k t ng
MR2: Micro Rle in khin n bo ch k bng tay
MR3: Micro Rle iu khin n bo bo tit hc theo ma h
MR4: Micro Rle iu khin n bo bo tit hc theo ma ng
24 VDC

PLC S7-200
Q0.0

Q0.1

Q0.2

R1

MR1

MR2

Q0.3

Q0.4

MR3

MR4

0V

Hnh 3.14: Mch u ra PLC S7-200

3.3.6.3. Mch ng lc
R1: Tip im trnh Rle1
220VAC

R1
Chung
0V

Hnh 3.16: Mch ng lc

49

3.3.7. M hnh chung bo tit hc t ng

50

3.3.8. Chng trnh vit cho PLC S7-200

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

KT LUN
n lp trnh thit k h thng chung bo ti trng hc em tm
hiu v phng php iu khin h thng chung bo t ng cho cc trng
hc, gii quyt vic bo hiu vo/ra cc tit hc ti trng hc mt cch t
ng.
Trong n em tm hiu v a ra cc phng php iu khin
chung bo ti u nht, t ng nht, vi vic chung hot ng theo ma,
khng bo vo th 7, ngy l, k hc. C hai ch hot ng l auto v t
ng.
Vi vic s dng PLC S7-200 CPU 214 th c nh hn ch v mt s
hm tnh ton v chuyn i (convert), nh khng c hm chuyn i t dng
Byte sang Int (B_I) v ngc li (I_B) do vy chng trnh vit khng th ti
u ho v mt tnh ton thi gian ra chi t ng, c th s dng cho
nhiu trng hp nhiu mi trng khc nhau. Nn vic chuyn giao cng
ngh cho cc trng khc nhu l kh phc tp. Vi vn trn ta c c th
c nghin cu khc phc, tm hiu su n sau khi s dng i PLC
cao hn.
n c thc hin trong mt thi gian ngn khng trnh khi nhng
sai st mong cc thy c thng cm v gip em hon thin n ny.
Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n thy Th.S Nguyn on Phong
hng dn v gip em hon thnh bn n ny. ng thi em cng xin
cm n tt c cc thy c dy d em trong sut bn nm hc va qua, nh
cc thy c, em mi c c kin thc nh ngy hm nay.
Hi phng, ngy 8 thng 7 nm 2011

Sinh vin

65

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Th.S Chu Ch c, K thut iu khin lp trnh PLC Simatic S7200, Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut.
2. Bi Quc Khnh, Nguyn Vn Lim, Nguyn Th Hin, Truyn ng
in, nh xut bn khoa hc k thut.
3. Tng Vn On, Hong c Hi, h nh vi diu khin 8051, Nh xut
bn lao ng - x hi
4. Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh (2000), T ng ho vi
Simatic S7-200, Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut.
Webside:
5. www.lib.hpu.edu.vn
6. www.tailieu.vn
7. www.google.com.vn

66

MC LC
LI M U .................................................................................................. 1
CHNG 1. CHUNG T NG TRONG TRNG HC ............... 3
1.1. CHUNG T NG TRONG TRNG HC .................................... 3
1.2. PHN TCH MC CH, YU CU D N ...................................... 4
1.2.2. Yu cu:.................................................................................................. 5
1.2.3. Thi gian cc tit hc. ............................................................................ 5
1.2.3.1. Gi hc ma h ................................................................................... 5
1.2.3.2. Gi hc ma ng ............................................................................... 6
1.3. CU TO V NGHUYN L HOT NG CHUNG IN ......... 7
1.3.1. Cu to................................................................................................... 7
1.3.2. Nguyn l ............................................................................................... 8
CHNG 2. CC PHNG PHP IU KHIN CHUNG IN 10
2.1. CC PHNG PHP IU KHIN CHUNG IN ...................... 10
2.1.1. Phng php dng vi iu khin ......................................................... 10
2.1.2. Phng php dng Modul LOGO! ...................................................... 16
2.1.2.1. Thng s LOGO!230RC .................................................................. 16
2.1.2.2. u ra u vo LOGO!230RC.......................................................... 17
2.1.2.3. S u ni..................................................................................... 17
2.1.2.4. ng h (kho nh thi gian). ......................................................... 18
2.1.3. Phng php dng PLC S7-200 .......................................................... 22
2.1.3.1. ng h thi gian thc...................................................................... 24
2.2. SO SNH CC PHNG PHP IU KHIN. ................................ 26
67

2.2.1. Phng php dng vi iu khin. ........................................................ 26

2.2.1.1. u im ............................................................................................. 26
2.2.1.2. Nhc im ....................................................................................... 26
2.2.2. Phng php dng LOGO! .................................................................. 26
2.2.2.1. u im ............................................................................................. 26
2.2.2.2. Nhc im ....................................................................................... 27
2.2.3. Phng php dng PLC S7-200 .......................................................... 27
2.2.3. 1 u im ............................................................................................. 27
2.2.3.2. Nhc im ....................................................................................... 28
2.2.4. Nhn xt v la chn phng n ......................................................... 28
CHNG 3. NG DNG PLC VO IU KHIN CHUNG BO
TIT HC T NG TRNG I HC ..................................... 30
3.1. S PHT TRIN CA T NG HO V PLC.............................. 30
3.1.1. S pht trin ca t ng ho .............................................................. 30
3.1.2. S pht trin ca PLC .......................................................................... 30
3.2. THIT B IU KHIN KH TRNH PLC S7-200 ............................ 32
3.2.1. Gii thiu chung v cc h ca PLC S7-200 ....................................... 32
3.2.2. Cu trc chung h PLC S7-200 ........................................................... 33
3.2.2.1. Cu trc phn cng ........................................................................... 33
3.2.2.2. Cng truyn thng ............................................................................. 34
3.2.2.3. Cu trc b nh PLC S7-200 ............................................................ 36
3.2.3. Phng thc thc hin chng trnh trong PLC.................................. 37

68

3.3. THIT K M HNH CHUNG BO TIT HC T NG IU

KHIN BNG PLC.................................................................................. 39
3.3.1. La chn cc thit b dng trong m hnh ........................................... 39
3.3.1.1. Yu cu v m hnh........................................................................... 39
3.3.1.2. Mc ch ca vic ch to m hnh................................................... 39
3.3.2. La chn thit b cho m hnh ............................................................. 40
3.3.2.1. PLC S7-214 ....................................................................................... 40
3.3.2.2. Chung in ...................................................................................... 40
3.3.2.3. n bo ............................................................................................. 41
3.3.2.4. Rle ................................................................................................... 41
3.3.2.4. B ngun ........................................................................................... 41
3.3.3. Yu cu chng trnh ........................................................................... 42
3.3.4. Lu thut ton iu khin ............................................................... 43
3.3.5. Bng b ch a ch vo/ra PLC ........................................................... 48
3.3.6. Mch u vo, u ra ........................................................................... 48
3.3.6.1. u vo PLC ..................................................................................... 48
3.3.6.2. u ra PLC ........................................................................................ 49
3.3.6.3. Mch ng lc.................................................................................. 49
3.3.7. M hnh chung bo tit hc t ng ................................................. 50
3.3.8. Chng trnh vit cho PLC S7-200 .................................................... 51
KT LUN ................................................................................................... 65
TI LIU THAM KHO .............................................................................. 66

69

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