CHÖÔNG IX: HEÄ PHÖÔNG TRÌNH LÖÔÏ N G GIAÙ C

I. GIAÛI HEÄ BAÈNG PHEÙP THEÁ

⎧2 cos x − 1 = 0 (1)
⎪
Baø i 173: Giaû i heä phöông trình: ⎨ 3
⎪sin 2x = ( 2)
⎩ 2

1
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ cos x =
2
π
⇔x=± + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
3
π
Vôù i x= + k 2π thay vaø o (2), ta ñöôï c
3
⎛ 2π ⎞ 3
sin 2x = sin ⎜ + k4π ⎟ =
⎝ 3 ⎠ 2
π
Vôù i x = − + k2π thay vaø o (2), ta ñöôï c
3
⎛ 2π ⎞ 3 3
sin 2x = sin ⎜ − + k4 π ⎟ = − ≠ (loaï i )
⎝ 3 ⎠ 2 2
π
Do ñoù nghieä m của heä laø : x = + k 2π, k ∈
3

⎧sin x + sin y = 1
⎪
Baø i 174: Giaû i heä phöông trình: ⎨ π
⎪⎩ x + y = 3

Caù c h 1:
⎧ x+y x−y
⎪⎪2 sin 2 .cos 2 = 1
Heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨
⎪x + y = π
⎪⎩ 3
⎧ π x−y ⎧ x−y
⎪⎪2.sin 6 .cos 2 = 1 ⎪⎪cos 2 = 1
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎪x + y = π ⎪x + y = π
⎩⎪ 3 ⎩⎪ 3
 ⎧x− y ⎧ π
⎪⎪ 2 = k 2 π ⎧ x − y = 4 k π ⎪⎪ x = + k 2π
⎪ 6
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨ π ⇔⎨ (k ∈ Z )
⎪x + y = π ⎪⎩ x + y = π
⎪ y = − k 2π
⎪⎩ 3 ⎪⎩
3 6

Caù c h 2:
Heä ñaõ cho
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪⎪ y = 3 − x ⎪⎪ y = 3 − x
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎪sin x + sin ⎛⎜ π − x ⎞⎟ = 1 ⎪ 3 cos x + 1 sin x = 1
⎪⎩ ⎝3 ⎠ ⎩⎪ 2 2
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪⎪ y = 3 − x ⎪⎪ y = 3 − x
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎪sin ⎜⎛ π + x ⎟⎞ = 1 ⎪ π + x = π + k 2π
⎪⎩ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎪⎩ 3 2
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 6 + k 2π
⇔⎨ k ∈
⎪ y = π − k 2π
⎪⎩ 6

⎧⎪sin x + sin y = 2 (1)

Baø i 175: Giaû i heä phöông trình: ⎨
⎪⎩cos x + cos y = 2 (2)

Caù c h 1:
⎧ x+y x−y
⎪⎪2 sin 2 cos 2 = 2 (1)
Heä ñaõ cho ⇔⎨
⎪2 cos x + y cos x − y = 2 (2)
⎪⎩ 2 2
Laá y (1) chia cho (2) ta ñöôï c :
⎛x+ y⎞ x−y
tg ⎜ ⎟ = 1 ( do cos = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieä m cuû a (1) vaø (2) )
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
x+ y π
⇔ = + kπ
2 4
π π
⇔ x + y = + k 2π ⇔ y = − x + k 2π
2 2
⎛π ⎞
thay vaø o (1) ta ñöôï c : sin x + sin ⎜ − x + k2π ⎟ = 2
⎝2 ⎠
⇔ sin x + cos x = 2
 ⎛ π⎞
⇔ 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = 2
⎝ 4⎠
π
⇔ x − = h 2π, h ∈
4
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 4 + h2π, h ∈
Do ñoù : heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨
⎪ y = π + ( k − h ) 2π, k , h ∈
⎪⎩ 4
⎧A = B ⎧A + C = B + D
Caù c h 2: Ta coù ⎨ ⇔⎨
⎩C = D ⎩A − C = B − D
Heä ñaõ cho
⎧⎪( sin x − cos x ) + ( sin y − cos y ) = 0
⇔⎨
⎪⎩( sin x + cos x ) + ( sin y − cos y ) = 2 2
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⎪ 2 sin ⎜ x − 4 ⎟ + 2 sin ⎜ y − 4 ⎟ = 0
⎪ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⇔⎨
⎪ 2 sin ⎛ x + π ⎞ + 2 sin ⎛ y + π ⎞ = 2 2
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ x − 4 ⎟ + sin ⎜ y − 4 ⎟ = 0
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎪ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎪sin ⎜ x − 4 ⎟ + sin ⎜ y − 4 ⎟ = 0 ⎪ ⎛
⎪ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ π⎞
⇔⎨ ⇔ ⎨sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = 1
⎪sin ⎛ x + π ⎞ + sin ⎛ y + π ⎞ = 2 ⎪ ⎝ 4⎠
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎩⎪ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎪ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ y + ⎟ = 1
⎩ ⎝ 4⎠
⎧ π π
⎪ x + = + k 2π
⎪ 4 2
⎪ π π
⇔ ⎨ y + = + h 2π
⎪ 4 2
⎪ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ x − 4 ⎟ + sin ⎜ y − 4 ⎟ = 0
⎩ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 4 + k2π
⇔⎨
⎪ y = π + h2π, h, k ∈ Z
⎪⎩ 4

⎧⎪ tgx − tgy − tgxtgy = 1 (1)

Baø i 176: Giaû i heä phöông trình: ⎨
⎪⎩cos 2y + 3 cos 2x = −1 (2)
 Ta coù : tgx − tgy = 1 + tgxtgy
⎧1 + tgxtgy = 0
⎧⎪tg ( x − y ) = 1 ⎪
⇔⎨ ∨ ⎨tgx − tgy = 0
⎪⎩1 + tgxtgy ≠ 0 ⎪
⎩1 + tg x = 0 (VN)
2

π π
⇔ x − y = + kπ ( k ∈ Z ) , vôù i x, y ≠ + kπ
4 2
π π
⇔ x = y + + kπ, vôù i x, y ≠ + kπ
4 2
⎛ π ⎞
Thay vaø o (2) ta ñöôï c : cos 2y + 3 cos ⎜ 2y + + k2π ⎟ = −1
⎝ 2 ⎠
⇔ cos 2 y − 3 s in2 y = −1
3 1 1 ⎛ π⎞ 1
⇔ s in2 y − cos 2 y = ⇔ sin ⎜ 2 y − ⎟ =
2 2 2 ⎝ 6⎠ 2
π π π 5π
⇔ 2 y − = + h 2π hay 2 y − = + h 2π ( h ∈ Z )
6 6 6 6
π π
⇔ y = + hπ, h ∈ hay y = + hπ, h ∈ ( loïai)
6 2
Do ñoù :
⎧ 5π
⎪⎪ x = + ( k + h) π
6
Heä ñaõ cho ⇔⎨ ( h, k ∈ Z )
π
⎪ y = + hπ
⎪⎩ 6

⎧⎪cos3 x − cos x + sin y = 0 (1)

Baø i 177: Giaû i heä phöông trình ⎨ 3
⎪⎩sin x − sin y + cos x = 0 (2)

Laáy (1) + (2) ta ñöôï c : sin 3 x + cos3 x = 0

⇔ sin 3 x = − cos3 x
⇔ tg 3 x = −1
⇔ tgx = −1
π
⇔ x = − + kπ (k ∈ Z)
4
Thay vaø o (1) ta ñöôï c :
sin y = cos x − cos3 x = cos x (1 − cos2 x )
1
= cos x. sin 2 x =sin 2x sin x
2
1 ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π ⎞
= sin ⎜ − ⎟ sin ⎜ − + kπ ⎟
2 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
1 ⎛ π ⎞
= − sin ⎜ − + kπ ⎟
2 ⎝ 4 ⎠
 ⎧ 2
⎪ (neáu k chaün)
⎪ 4
=⎨
⎪− 2 (neáu k leû)
⎪⎩ 4
2
Ñaët sin α = (vôù i 0 < α < 2π )
4
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪ x = − 4 + 2mπ, m ∈ ⎪ x = − 4 + ( 2m + 1) π, m ∈
⎪ ⎪
Vaä y nghieä m heä ⎨ ∨⎨
y = α + h2 π, h ∈ y = −α + 2hπ, h ∈
⎪⎡ ⎪⎡

⎢ ⎢
⎪⎩ ⎣ y = π − α + h2π, h ∈ ⎪⎩ ⎣ y = π + α + h2π, h ∈

II. GIAÛI HEÄ BAÈNG PHÖÔNG PHAÙP COÄNG

⎧ 1
⎪sin x.cos y = − (1 )
Baø i 178: Giaû i heä phöông trình: ⎨ 2
⎪tgx.cotgy = 1
⎩ ( 2)

Ñieà u kieä n : cos x.sin y ≠ 0

⎧1 1
⎪⎪ 2 ⎡⎣sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x − y ) ⎤⎦ = − 2
Caù c h 1: Heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨ sin x.cos y
⎪ −1 = 0
⎪⎩ cos x.sin y
⎧⎪sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x − y ) = −1
⇔ ⎨
⎪⎩sin x cos y − sin y cos x = 0
⎧⎪sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x − y ) = −1
⇔ ⎨
⎪⎩sin ( x − y ) = 0
⎧⎪sin ( x + y ) = −1
⇔ ⎨
⎪⎩sin ( x − y ) = 0
⎧ π
⎪ x + y = − + k2π, k ∈
⇔ ⎨ 2
⎪⎩ x − y = hπ, h ∈
⎧ π π
⎪⎪ x = − 4 + ( 2k + h ) 2 , k, h ∈
⇔ ⎨
⎪ y = − π + ( 2k − h ) π , k, h ∈
⎪⎩ 4 2
(nhaän do sin y cos x ≠ 0)
 sin x cos y
Caù c h 2: ( 2) ⇔ = 1 ⇔ sin x cos y = cos x sin y
cos x sin y

⎧ 1
⎪⎪sin x cos y = − 2 ( 3)
Theá (1) vaøo ( 2 ) ta ñöôïc: ⎨
⎪cos x sin y = − 1 ( 4)
⎪⎩ 2
⎧⎪sin ( x + y ) = −1 ( 3) + ( 4 )
⇔⎨
⎪⎩sin ( x − y ) = 0 ( 3) − ( 4 )

⎧ π
⎪ x + y = − + k 2π, k ∈
⇔⎨ 2
⎪⎩ x − y = hπ, h ∈
⎧ π π
⎪⎪ x = − 4 + ( 2k + h ) 2
⇔⎨ ( h, k ∈ Z )
⎪ y = − π + ( 2k − h ) π
⎪⎩ 4 2

III. GIAÛ I HEÄ BAÈN G AÅ N PHUÏ

Baø i 179: Giaû i heä phöông trình:

⎧ 2 3
⎪tgx + tgy =
⎪
(1)
3
⎨
⎪cotgx + cotgy = −2 3
⎪⎩ ( 2)
3

Ñaët X = tgx, Y = tgy

⎧ 2 3 ⎧ 2 3
⎪X + Y = ⎪X + Y =
⎪ 3 ⎪ 3
Heä ñaõ cho thaø n h: ⎨ ⇔⎨
⎪1 + 1 = −2 3 ⎪Y + X = − 2 3
⎪⎩ X Y 3 ⎪⎩ YX 3
⎧ 2 3
⎧ 2 3 ⎪X + Y =
⎪X + Y = ⎪ 3
⇔⎨ 3 ⇔⎨
⎪ XY = −1 ⎪X 2 − 2 3 X − 1 = 0
⎩ ⎪⎩ 3
⎧X = 3 ⎧ 3
⎪ ⎪X = −
⇔⎨ 3∨⎨ 3
⎪ Y = − ⎪Y = 3
⎩ 3 ⎩
Do ñoù :
 ⎧tgx = 3 ⎧ 3
⎪ ⎪tgx = −
Heä ñaõ cho : ⇔ ⎨ 3∨⎨ 3
⎪tgy = − ⎪tgy = 3
⎩ 3 ⎩
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 3 + k π, k ∈ ⎪⎪ x = − 6 + k π, k ∈
⇔⎨ ∨⎨
⎪ y = − + hπ, h ∈ ⎪ y = π + hπ, h ∈
π
⎪⎩ 6 ⎪⎩ 3

⎧ 1
⎪sin x + sin y =
Baø i 180: Cho heä phöông trình: ⎨ 2
⎪⎩cos 2x + cos 2y = m
1
a/ Giaû i heä phöông trình khi m = −
2
b/ Tìm m ñeå heä coù nghieä m .

⎧ 1
⎪sin x + sin y = 2
Heä ñaõ cho ⇔⎨
⎪(1 − 2 sin 2 x ) + (1 − 2 sin2 y ) = m
⎩
⎧ 1
⎪⎪sin x + sin y = 2
⇔⎨
⎪sin2 x + sin 2 y = 2 − m
⎪⎩ 2
⎧ 1
⎪⎪sin x + sin y = 2
⇔⎨
⎪( sin x + sin y )2 − 2 sin x sin y = 1 − m
⎪⎩ 2
⎧ 1
⎪⎪sin x + sin y = 2
⇔⎨
⎪ 1 − 2 sin x sin y = 1 − m
⎪⎩ 4 2
⎧ 1
⎪⎪sin x + sin y = 2
⇔⎨
⎪sin x sin y = − 3 + m
⎪⎩ 8 4
Ñaët X = sin x, Y = sin y vôùi X , Y ≤ 1
thì X, Y laø nghieä m cuû a heä phöông trình
1 m 3
t2 − t + − = 0 ( *)
2 4 8
1
a/ Khi m = − thì ( *) thaønh :
2
 1 1
t2 − t− =0
2 2
⇔ 2t − t − 1 = 0
2

1
⇔ t =1∨ t = −
2

⎧sin x = 1 ⎧ 1
⎪ ⎪sin x = −
Vaä y heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨ 1∨⎨ 2
⎪⎩sin y = −
2 ⎪⎩sin y = 1
⎧ π ⎧ h π
⎪⎪ x = 2 + k 2π, k ∈ ⎪⎪ x = −(−1) 6 + hπ, h ∈
⇔⎨ ∨⎨
⎪ y = −(−1) h π + hπ, h ∈ ⎪ y = π + k 2π, k ∈
⎩⎪ 6 ⎩⎪ 2
m 1 3
b/ Ta coù : ( *) ⇔ = −t 2 + t +
4 2 8
1 3
Xeù t y = − t 2 + t + ( C ) treân D = [ −1,1]
2 8
1
thì: y ' = −2t +
2
1
y' = 0 ⇔ t =
4

Heä ñaõ cho coù nghieä m ⇔ ( *) coù 2 nghieäm treân [ -1,1]

m
⇔ (d ) y = caé t (C) taï i 2 ñieå m hoặc tiếp xúc treân [ -1,1]
4
1 m 7
⇔− ≤ ≤
8 4 16
1 7
⇔− ≤m≤
2 4
Caù c h khaù c
ycbt ⇔ f (t ) = 8t 2 − 4t − 3 + 2m = 0 coù 2 nghieä m t 1 , t 2 thoû a
⇔ −1 ≤ t1 ≤ t2 ≤ 1
 ⎧ Δ / = 28 − 16m ≥ 0
⎪
⎪⎪ af (1) = 1 + 2m ≥ 0 1 7
⇔ ⎨ af (−1) = 9 + 2m ≥ 0 ⇔ − ≤ m ≤
⎪ 2 4
S
⎪ −1 ≤ = ≤ 1 1
⎪⎩ 2 4

⎪⎧sin x + mtgy = m
2

Baø i 181: Cho heä phöông trình: ⎨ 2

⎪⎩ tg y + m sin x = m
a/ Giaû i heä khi m = -4
b/ Vôù i giaù trò naø o cuû a m thì heä coù nghieä m .

Ñaët X = sin x vôù i X ≤ 1

Y = tgy
⎪⎧ X + mY = m
2
(1 )
Heä thaø nh: ⎨ 2
⎪⎩ Y + mX = m ( 2)
Laáy (1) – (2) ta ñöôï c : X 2 − Y 2 + m ( Y − X ) = 0
⇔ ( X − Y )( X + Y − m ) = 0
⇔ X = Y∨Y =m−X
⎧X = Y ⎪⎧Y = m − X
Heä thaø nh ⎨ 2 hay ⎨ 2
⎩ X + mX = m ⎩⎪ X + m ( m − X ) = m
⎪⎧ X = Y ⎪⎧ Y = m − X
⇔⎨ 2 ∨⎨ 2
⎩⎪ X + mX − m = 0 ( * ) ⎩⎪ X − mX + m − m = 0 ( * *)
2

a/Khi m = -4 ta ñöôï c heä

⎧X = Y ⎧⎪ Y = −4 − X
⎨ 2 ∨⎨ 2
⎩ X − 4X + 4 = 0 ⎪⎩ X + 4X + 20 = 0 ( voâ nghieäm )
⎧⎪ X = 2 ( loaïi do X ≤ 1)
⇔⎨
⎪⎩ Y = 2
Vaä y heä ñaõ cho voâ nghieä m khi m = 4.
b/ Ta coù (*) ⇔ X 2 + mX − m = 0 vôùi X ≤ 1
⇔ X 2 = m (1 − X )
X2
⇔ = m ( do m khoâng laø nghieäm cuûa *)
1−X
X2 − X 2 + 2X
Xeù t Z = treân [ −1,1) ⇒ Z ' = ;
1− X (1 − X )
2

Z' = 0 ⇔ X = 0 ∨ X = 2
 ⎧⎪ X = Y ( X ≤ 1)
Do ñoù heä ⎨ 2 coù nghieä m ⇔ m ≥ 0
⎪⎩ X + mX − m = 0
Xeù t (**): X 2 − mX + m 2 − m = 0
Ta coù Δ = m 2 − 4 ( m 2 − m ) = −3m 2 + 4m
4
Δ≥0⇔0≤m≤
3
Keá t luaä n : Khi m ≥ 0 thì (I) coù nghieä m neâ n heä ñaõ cho coù nghieä m
Khi m < 0 thì (I) voâ nghieä m maø (**) cuø n g voâ nghieä m
(do Δ < 0) neâ n heä ñaõ cho voâ nghieä m
Do ñoù : Heä coù nghieä m ⇔ m ≥ 0
Caù c h khaù c
Heä coù nghieä m ⇔ f (X) = X 2 + mX − m = 0 (*)hay
g(X) = X 2 − mX + m2 − m = 0 (**) coù nghieä m treâ n [-1,1]
⎧Δ1 = m 2 + 4m ≥ 0
⎪
⎪⎪af (1) ≥ 0
⇔ f ( −1) f (1) ≤ 0 hay ⎨af (−1) ≥ 0
⎪
⎪−1 ≤ S = − m ≤ 1
⎪⎩ 2 2
⎧Δ 2 = −3m + 4m ≥ 0
2

⎪
⎪⎪ag (−1) = m + 1 ≥ 0
2

hay g (−1) g (1) ≤ 0 hay ⎨ag ( 1) = (m − 1) 2 ≥ 0

⎪
⎪−1≤ S = m ≤ 1
⎪⎩ 2 2
⎧Δ1 = m + 4m ≥ 0
2

⎪ 4
⇔ 1 − 2m ≤ 0 hay ⎨1 − 2m ≥ 0 hay m = 1 hay 0 ≤ m ≤
⎪−2 ≤ m ≤ 2 3
⎩
⇔m≥0
IV. HEÄ KHOÂNG MAÃU MÖÏC

⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪tgx + cotgx = 2sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ (1)
⎪ ⎝ ⎠
Baø i 182: Giaû i heä phöông trình: ⎨
⎪ tgy + cotgy = 2sin ⎛ x - π ⎞ (2)
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠

Caù c h 1:
sinα cos α sin2 α + cos2 α 2
Ta coù : tgα + cotgα= + = =
cosα sin α sin α cos α sin 2α
⎧ 1 ⎛ π⎞
⎪ sin 2x = sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ (1)
⎪ ⎝ ⎠
Vaä y heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨
⎪ 1 = sin ⎛ x − π ⎞ (2)
⎪⎩ sin 2y ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪1 = sin 2x sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ (1)
⎪ ⎝ ⎠
⇔⎨
⎪1 = sin 2y. sin ⎛ x − π ⎞ (2)
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎧sin 2x = 1 ⎧sin 2x = −1
⎪ ⎪
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ ⎨ ⎛ π⎞ ∨⎨ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ = 1 ⎪sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ = −1
⎩ ⎝ ⎠ ⎩ ⎝ ⎠
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 4 + kπ, k ∈ ⎪⎪ x = − 4 + kπ, k ∈
⇔⎨ ∨⎨
⎪ y = π + h2π, h ∈ ⎪ y = − 3π + h2π, h ∈
⎩⎪ 4 ⎩⎪ 4
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 4 + kπ, k ∈
Thay ⎨ vaø o (2) ta ñöôï c
π
⎪ y = + h2π, h ∈
⎪⎩ 4
⎛ π⎞ π
sin 2y.sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = sin .sin kπ = 0 ≠ 1 (loaï i )
⎝ 4⎠ 2
⎧ −π
⎪⎪ x = + kπ, k ∈
Thay ⎨ 4 vaø o (2) ta ñöôï c
⎪y = − 3 π
+ h2π, h ∈
⎪⎩ 4
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ π ⎞
sin 2y. sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = sin ⎜ − ⎟ sin ⎜ − + kπ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ π ⎞ ⎧1 ( neáu k leû)
= sin ⎜ − + kπ ⎟ = ⎨
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎩−1 ( neáu k chaün)
 Do ñoù heä coù nghieä m
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = − 4 + ( 2m + 1) π
⎨ ( m, h ∈ Z) •
⎪ y = − 3π + h2π
⎪⎩ 4
Caù c h 2:
Do baá t ñaú n g thöù c Cauchy
tgx + cotgx ≥ 2
1
daá u = xaû y ra ⇔ tgx = cotgx ⇔ tgx=
tgx
⇔ tgx = ±1
Do ñoù :
⎛ π⎞
tgx+cotgx ≥ 2 ≥ 2 sin ⎜ y + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Daá u = taï i (1) chæ xaû y ra khi
⎧tgx = 1 ⎧tgx = −1
⎪ ⎪
⇔⎨ ⎛ π⎞ ∨⎨ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ = 1 ⎪sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ = −1
⎩ ⎝ ⎠ ⎩ ⎝ ⎠
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 4 + kπ, k ∈ ⎪⎪ x = − 4 + kπ, k ∈
⇔⎨ (I) ∨ ⎨ (II)
π
⎪ y = + h2π, h ∈ ⎪y = − 3π
+ h2π, h ∈
⎪⎩ 4 ⎪⎩ 4
⎛ π⎞
thay (I) vaø o (2): tgy + cotgy=2sin ⎜ x - ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
ta thaá y 2 = 2sin kπ = 0 khoâ n g thoû a
⎛ π ⎞
thay (II) vaø o (2) ta thaá y 2 = 2 sin ⎜ − + k π ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
chæ thoû a khi k leû
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = − 4 + ( 2m + 1) π
Vaä y : heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨ , m, h ∈
⎪y = − 3 π
+ 2hπ
⎪⎩ 4

Baø i 183: Cho heä phöông trình:

⎪⎧ x − y = m (1)
⎨
⎪⎩2 ( cos 2x + cos 2y ) − 1 − 4 cos m = 0 (2)
2

Tìm m ñeå heä phöông trình coù nghieä m .

⎧⎪ x − y = m
Heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨
⎪⎩4 cos ( x + y ) cos ( x − y ) = 1 + 4 cos m
2
 ⎧⎪ x − y = m
⇔⎨
⎪⎩−4 cos ( x + y ) cos m + 4 cos m + 1 = 0
2

⎪⎧ x − y = m
⇔⎨
⎪⎩[2 cos m − cos ( x + y )] + 1 − cos ( x + y ) = 0
2 2

⎪⎧ x − y = m
⇔⎨
⎪⎩[2 cos m − cos ( x + y )] + sin ( x + y ) = 0
2 2

⎧x − y = m
⎪
⇔ ⎨cos ( x + y ) = 2 cos m
⎪
⎩sin ( x + y ) = 0
⎧x − y = m
⎪
⇔ ⎨ x + y = kπ , k ∈
⎪cos(kπ) = 2 cos m
⎩
π 2π
Do ñoù heä coù nghieä m ⇔ m = ± + h2π ∨ m = ± + h2π, h ∈
3 3

BAØI TAÄP
1. Giaû i caù c heä phöông trình sau:
⎧sin x + sin y = 2 ⎧tgx + tgy + tgxtgy = 1
a/ ⎨ 2 f /⎨
⎩sin x + sin y = 2 ⎩3sin 2y − 2 = cos 4x
2

⎧ 1 ⎧ 3
⎪⎪sin x sin y = − 2 ⎪⎪sin x − sin 2y =
2
b/⎨ g/⎨
⎪cos x cos y = 1 ⎪cos x + cos 2y = 1
⎪⎩ 2 ⎩⎪ 2
⎧⎪ 2 cos x = 1 + cos y ⎧cos ( x + y ) = 2 cos ( x − y )
⎪
c/⎨ h/⎨ 3
⎩⎪ 2 sin x = sin y ⎪cos x.cos y =
⎩ 4
⎧ 1
⎪sin x cos y = ⎧sin x = 7 cos y
d/⎨ 4 k/⎨
⎪⎩3tgx = tgy ⎩5 sin y = cos x − 6

⎧⎪sin 2 x = cos x cos y ⎧tgx + tgy = 1

⎪
e/ ⎨ 2 l/⎨ x y
⎪⎩cos x = sin x sin y ⎪⎩tg 2 + tg 2 = 2
⎧cos x cos y = m + 1
2.Cho heä phöông trình: ⎨
⎩sin x sin y = 4m + 2m
2

1
a/ Giaû i heä khi m = −
4
 ⎛ 3 1 ⎞
b/ Tìm m ñeå heä coù nghieä m ⎜ ÑS − ≤ m ≤ − hay m=0 ⎟
⎝ 4 4 ⎠
3. Tìm a ñeå heä sau ñaâ y coù nghieä m duy nhaá t :
⎧⎪ y 2 + tg 2 x = 1
⎨
⎪⎩ y + 1 = ax + a + sin x
2
( ÑS a= 2)
4. Tìm m ñeå caù c heä sau ñaâ y coù nghieä m .
⎪⎧cos x = m cos y
3
⎧sin x cos y = m 2
a/⎨ b/⎨
⎩⎪sin x = m cos y ⎩sin y cos x = m
3

⎛ 1- 5 1+ 5 ⎞
( ÑS 1 ≤ m ≤ 2) ⎜⎜ ÑS
2
≤m≤
2
⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠

Th.S Phạm Hồng Danh

TT luyện thi đại học Vĩnh Viễn