LI NI U

T ng ha trong cng nghip v dn dng ngy cng pht trin. B no trong

cc h thng t ng ha l cc b iu khin lp trnh PLC. Vic hc v tm hiu v cc
b iu khin lp trnh cng nh vn hnh n cho tht tt v hiu qu ang l nhu cu cp
thit i vi hu ht hc sinh, sinh vin chuyn ngnh in, in t, t ng ha, c in
t
Hin nay, ti liu ging dy v tham kho v k thut iu khin lp trnh PLC
cn rt hn ch. Ti liu iu khin lp trnh PLC Siemen S7 200 c bin son
nhm gp phn vo vic ging dy v t hc v k thut iu khin lp trnh PLC cho
hc sinh, sinh vin ngnh in in t khoa in C Tin, trng Cao ng Hi
Dng.
Cu trc chung ca ti liu l mi chng trong cc phn u c v d minh ha
c th cho cc mc nhm gip cho hc sinh, sinh vin nm dc tt kin thc c trnh
by trong mi mc, ngoi ra cui mi chng c thm mt s cu hi v bi tp hc
sinh, sinh vin rn luyn thm.
Trong qu trnh bin son tc gi khng trnh khi thiu st. Rt mong nhn c
s gp chn thnh ca qu c gi nhm gip ti liu c hon thin hn. Mi gp
xin gi v T in in t, khoa in C Tin, trng Cao ng Hi Dng.
Xin chn thnh cm n!

Chng 1
TNG QUAN V IU KHIN
1.1. iu khin l g?
iu khin c nhim v thc hin cc chc nng ring ca mt my mc hay thit
b theo mt trnh t hot ng c nh trc ph thuc vo trng thi ca my hay b
pht tn hiu.
S iu khin c phn bit da trn cc c im khc nhau:
iu khin theo loi biu din thng tin
- iu khin nh phn: X l tn hiu u vo nh phn (tn hiu 0 hoc 1) thnh cc
tn hiu ra nh phn.
- iu khin s: X l cc thng tin s, c ngha cc thng tin c biu din di
dng s.
iu khin theo loi x l tn hiu
- iu khin lin kt: Cc trng thi tn hiu cc nh ca ng ra c iu khin
vi cc trng thi tn hiu ca ng vo ty thuc vo cc chc nng lin kt (AND,
OR, NOT).
- iu khin trnh t: iu khin vi trnh t theo tng bc, s ng mch ca
mt bc sau xy ra ph thuc vo iu kin ng mch tip theo. iu kin ng
mch tip theo c th ph thuc vo quy trnh hay thi gian.
- iu khin khng ng b: Vic iu khin c x l s thay i trc tip ca
tn hiu ng vo khng cn tn hiu xung ph (iu khin chm).
- iu khin ng b: Vic iu khin c x l cc tn hiu ch ng b vi
mt tn hiu xung (iu khin nhanh).
iu khin theo loi thc hin chng trnh
- iu khin theo chng trnh kt ni cng: Loi iu khin ny c th c lp
trnh c nh, c ngha l khng th thay i c v d nh lp t dy ni c
nh hay c th thay i chng trnh thng qua cc u ni (ma trn diode).
- iu khin kh trnh: Chc nng iu khin c lu gi trong mt b nh
chng trnh. Nu s dng b nh c/ghi (RAM), th c th thay i chng
trnh m khng cn can thip n phn c kh (iu khin c th lp trnh t do).
Nu ngc li l mt b nh ch c (ROM), th chng trnh c th c thay
i bng cch thay i b nh (iu khin c th thay i chng trnh c).
Hnh 1.1: S cc loi iu khin
1.2. Cu trc quy trnh iu khin
Mi s iu khin c chia ra lm 3 b phn hp thnh: Ng vo d liu (ng
vo tn hiu), x l d liu (x l tn hiu cng nh cc lin kt) v ng ra d liu (ng ra
tn hiu). Dng d liu trong mt s iu khin xy ra t u vo d liu qua phn x l
d liu n ng ra d liu.

Hnh 1.2: Cu trc chung ca mt quy trnh iu khin

+ Ng vo tn hiu: Bao gm cc loi tn hiu ca cc b pht tn hiu nh nt n,
cng tc hnh trnh, cm bin in dung, cm bin in cm
Ty thuc vo loi iu khin, cc tn hiu c th l nh phn, s
hay tn hiu tng t.
+ Giao tip:
+ X l:
+ Khuch i:
+ Ng ra:

Phn ny cn thit, nu tn hiu

Chng 2
CM BIN V C CU CHP HNH
2.1. CM BIN
2.1.1 Gii thiu
Cc cm bin (Sensor) gip cho PLC pht hin cc trng thi v o lng cc gi
tr ca mt qu trnh. Cm bin Logic ch xc nh trng thi ng hay sai ca mt hin
tng vt l, cn cm bin lin tc bin i hin tng vt l thnh cc tn hiu o lng
c di dng in p hay dng in.
Cc loi cm bin logic c bn thng gp:
Cm bin in cm (Inductive Sensor);
Cm bin in dung (Capacitive Sensor);
Cm bin quang (Optical Sensor);
Cm bin siu m (Ultrasonic Sensor);
Cm bin tip xc c
Cc loi cm bin tng t c bn thng gp:
Cm bin gc quay/Cm bin v tr;
Cm bin gia tc;
Cm bin nhit ;
Cm bin p sut/Cm bin lu lng;
Cm bin ng sut/bin dng/ lc;
Cm bin nh sng
Hu ht cc cm bin tng t da trn c s thuc tnh nhy cm v in ca cc
vt liu v thit b. Kt qu l tn hiu thng i hi x l tn hiu bng cch khuch i
dng hay p t c ngng dng v p thch hp.

i khi, cc cm bin tng t cng c gi l cc b chuyn i (Transducer).

Bi v chng chuyn i hin tng vo thnh hin tng ra di dng khc, chng hn
nh: p sut in p.
2.1.2 Ni dy cho cm bin
Khi mt cm bin pht hin mt s thay i trng thi logic th n phi truyn
trng thi thay i ny n PLC. Tiu biu nh s ng hoc ngt dng hin hay in p.
Trong mt s trng hp, ng ra cm bin s dng ng mch trc tip cho ti m
khng qua PLC. Cc ng ra tiu biu ca cm bin l:
Sinking/Sourcing: ng hoc ngt dng in
Switches: ng hoc ngt in p
Solid State Relays: Chuyn mch AC
TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic): S dng in p 0V - 5V ch th mc
logic)
2.1.2.1 Switch
Mt v d n gin nht ca cc ng ra cm bin switch v relay c cho nh
hnh 2.1.

Hnh 2.1: Cm bin c ng ra l relay s dng ngun DC v AC

2.1.2.2 Ng ra TTL
Ng ra TTL c hai mc in p: 0V tng ng mc thp, 5V tng ng mc cao.
in p thc t c th ln hn 0V hoc nh hn 5V mt cht vn c th pht hin ng.
Phng php ny rt d b nhiu trong mi trng nh my cho nn n ch c s dng
khi cn thit. Cc ng ra TTL thng dng trong cc thit b in t v my tnh. Khi kt
ni vi cc thit b khc th mt mch Schimitt trigger thng c s dng ci thin
tn hiu (hnh 2.2).

Hnh 2.2: Mch Schimitt trigger

Mch Schimitt trigger s nhn in p ng vo gia 0 5V v chuyn i n
thnh 0V hoc 5V. Nu in p nm trong khong 1,5 3,5V th khng chp nhn. Nu
mt cm bin c ng ra TTL th PLC phi s dng cc ng vo TTL c gi tr ny.
Nu cm bin TTL c s dng trong cc ng dng khc th nn ch dng ng ra cc
i ca cm bin (thng khong 20mA).
2.1.2.3 Ng ra Sinking/Sourcing

Cc cm bin c ng ra Sinking (rt dng) cho php dng in chy vo cm bin.

Cc cm bin c ng ra Sourcing (ngun dng) cho php dng in t cm bin ra i
tng c kt ni. hai ng ra ny cn ch l dng in ch khng phi in p.
Bng cch s dng dng in th nhiu c loi tr bt.
Khi gii thch v vn sinking hay sourcing th ta nn quy cc ng ra ca cm
bin tc ng nh cng tc. Trong thc t ng ra ca cm bin thng l mt transistor
chuyn mch. Transistor PNP dng cho ng ra Sourcing v transistor NPN dng cho ng
ra Sinking. Khi gii thch cc cm bin ny th khi nim ngun dng thng c
dng cho PNP, v rt dng vi NPN. V d cm bin ng ra sinking c cho hnh
2.3.

Hnh 2.3: Cm bin loi NPN (Cm bin rt dng)

Hnh 2.4: Cm bin loi PNP (Cm bin sourcing)

cm bin hot ng cn c ngun cung cp (chn L+ v L-). Khi cm bin pht
hin i tng th c in p ti cc B ca transistor NPN, transistor chuyn sang trng
thi dn v cho php dng chy vo cm bin xung mass (chn L-).
Khi khng pht hin i tng th in p ti cc B ca transistor mc thp 0V,
transistor khng dn. iu ny c ngha ng ra NPN s khng c dng vo/ra.
Cc cm bin sourcing th ngc vi cc cm bin sinking. N s dng
transistor PNP (hnh 2.4). Khi cm bin khng c kch hot th cc B ca transistor
gi tr L+, v transistor trng thi ngng dn. Khi cm bin c kch hot th cc B
transistor s c t 0V, v transistor cho php dng in chy t cm bin ra ngoi
thit b c kt ni.
Hu ht cc cm bin NPN/PNP c kh nng dng n vi ampe v chng c th
c s dng ni trc tip vi ti (lun lun kim tra s tay bit chnh xc dng
in v in p nh mc).
Ch : cn phi nh kim tra dng in v in p nh mc i vi cc cm bin.
Khi ni dy cc cm bin cn ch n cc chn ngun. Thng chn ngun k hiu l
L+ v COM (chn chung), nhng i khi khng c chn COM m c chn L-. Trong
trng hp ny L- l chn chung.
Khi kt ni cc cm bin sourcing vi cc ng PLC, th cn ch phi s dng
cc modul ng vo loi sinking. Thng thng cc ng vo PLC thng l loi
sinking.

Trong ng dng vi PLC, gim lng dy ni, th cc cm bin hai dy

thng c s dng. V d v s ni dy cc cm bin s dng ngun 24VDC vi
PLC c ch nh hnh 2.5. Cm bin hai dy c th c s dng cho c hai loi ng
vo sourcing hoc ng vo sinking ca PLC.

Hnh 2.5: Kt ni cm bin 2 dy vi ng vo PLC

Hu ht cc cm bin hin i c c hai ng ra PNP v NPN. Thng thng
cm bin loi PNP thng c s dng cho cc ng vo PLC.
Trong cc bn v th cc chn ca cc cm bin NPN v PNP c k hiu v mu
sc nh sau: dy mu nu l L+, dy mu xanh dng l L- v ng ra th mu trng i
vi sinking v mu en i vi sourcing.
Cn lu l khi tip im trong cm bin sinking ng th ng ra c ni vi
COM hoc L-, tip im trong sourcing ng th ng ra ni vi L+.

Hnh 2.6: Kt ni cm bin NPN v PNP vi ng vo PLC

2.1.2.4 Ng ra Solid state relay
Cc ng ra Solid state relays ng mch dng in AC. Cc cm bin ny c
s dng vi ti ln.
2.1.3 Pht hin i tng
C hai cch c bn pht hin i tng: tip xc v tip cn
(proximity). Tip xc c ngha l tip im c kh cn mt lc tc ng gia cm bin v

i tng. Tip cn ch bo rng mt i tng ang gn nhng khng yu cu

tip xc.
Cc phn sau y s minh ha cc kiu khc nhau ca cc cm bin pht hin s
hin din ca cc i tng. Phn ny khng i su vo cc cm bin m ch m t cc
nguyn l trong lnh vc ng dng.
2.1.3.1 Chuyn mch tip xc
Chuyn mch tip xc (contact switch ) thng c hai dng l thng h (normally
open) v thng ng (normally closed). V ca chng c gia c c th chu c
lc c tc ng nhiu ln.
2.1.3.2 Reed Switches
Reed switches th rt ging relay, ngoi tr mt nam chm vnh cu c s
dng thay th cun dy. Khi nam chm xa th tip im m, nhng khi nam chm n
gn th tip im ng li (hnh 2.7). Cc cm bin ny r tin v chng thng c s
dng cho cc mn chn v ca an ton.

Hnh 2.7: Read switch

2.1.3.3 Cm bin quang (Optical Sensor)
Cm bin nh sng c s dng gn mt th k qua. Nguyn thy l t bo quang
c s dng cho cc ng dng nh c cc track m thanh trn cc hnh nh chuyn
ng. Nhng cc cm bin quang hin i th phc tp hn nhiu.
Cc cm bin quang yu cu c c hai b phn l ngun sng (pht) v u thu
(detector). Cc u pht (emitter) s pht ra cc tia sng trong vng ph nhn thy v
khng nhn thy c s dng LED v diode laser. u thu c cu to l cc diode
quang (photodidode) hoc transistor quang (phototransistor). u pht v u thu c
t vo v tr i tng khi xut hin s ct ngang hoc phn x li tia sng. Cm
bin quang n gin cho hnh 2.8.

Hnh 2.8: Cm bin quang c bn

Trong hnh, chm sng c to ra nm bn tri, c hi t qua mt thu knh.
i din l u thu, chm tia c hi t bng mt thu knh th hai. Nu chm tia b
ngt, th u thu s ch bo mt i tng xut hin. nh sng c to ra di dng
xung cm bin c th lc c nh sng bnh thng trong phng. nh sng t u
pht c tt v m ti mt tn s t. Khi u thu nhn nh sng, n kim tra m
bo chc chn rng n c cng tn s. Nu nh sng ang nhn c ti tn s ng
th chm tia khng b ngt. Tn s dao ng nm trong phm vi KHz. Ngoi ra vi
phng php tn s th cc cm bin c th c s dng vi cng sut thp hn v
khong cch di hn. u pht c th bt u t mt im trc tip ti u thu, y cn
gi l ch t phn x. Khi tia sng b ngt, th i tng c pht hin. Cm bin ny
cn hai b phn ring (hnh 2.9a). S xp t ny lm vic tt vi cc i tng chn
sng v phn x vi u pht v u thu c tch ring vi khong cch ln n c trm
mt.

Hnh 2.9: Cc loi cm bin quang khc nhau

u thu v u pht tch ring lm tng vn v bo tr v yu cu v s thng
hng. Mt gii php khc l u pht v u thu c t chung trn mt v. Nhng
iu ny yu cu nh sng t phn x tr v (hnh 2.9b,c). Cc cm bin ny ch tt cho
cc i tng ln vi khong cch mt vi met.

Trong hnh, u pht pht mt chm tia sng. Nu nh sng b di tr v t gng

phn x th hu ht s tr v u thu. Khi mt i tng ngt chm tia gia u pht v
gng phn x th chm tia s khng t phn x tr v u thu v cm bin c tc
ng. Mt vn ri ro cho cc cm bin ny l cc i tng t phn x li chm tia
sng tt. gii quyt th s dng bin php phn cc nh sng ti u pht (bng b
lc), v sau sau s dng mt b lc phn cc ti u thu.
2.1.3.4 Cm bin in dung (Capacitive Sensor)
Cc cm bin in dung c th pht hin hu ht cc vt liu vi khong cch vi
cm. Cng thc biu din mi quan h in dung:
Vi C: in dung (Faradays)
.A
C
: Hng s in mi
d
A: Din tch bn cc
D: Khong cch gia cc bn cc
Trong cm bin, din tch cc bn cc v khong cch gia chng l c nh.
Nhng hng s in mi ca khng gian xung quanh chng s thay i khi cc vt liu
c mang n gn cm bin. Minh ha hnh 2.10.
B mt ca cm bin in dung c hnh thnh bi hai in cc kim loi ng
tm ca mt t in. Khi mt i tng n gn b mt nhn bit n i vo vng in
trng ca cc in cc v thay i in dung trong mch dao ng. Kt qu l b to
dao ng bt u dao ng. Mch trigger c bin ca b dao ng v khi t n
mc xc nh th trng thi ng ra s thay i. Khi i tng ri khi cm bin th bin
ca b dao ng gim, cm bin chuyn v trng thi bnh thng.

Hnh 2.10: Cm bin in dung

Cc cm bin ny lm vic tt i vi cht cch in (nh cht do) c hng s
in mi cao (lm tng in dung). Hng s in mi cng ln th khong cch hot ng
cng cao. V d khi hiu chnh ng th cht lng trong thng cha c th c pht hin
c d dng. Tuy nhin, chng cng lm vic tt i vi kim loi.
Cc cm bin thng c ch to vi cc vng (khng phi bn cc) theo hnh
2.11. Trong hnh, hai vng kim loi nm bn trong l cc in cc ca t in, nhng

vng ngoi th ba c thm vo b s thay i. Nu khng c vng b ny th cm

bin s rt nhy cm vi bi bm, du v cc cht khc dnh trn cm bin.

Hnh 2.11: B mt nhn bit ca cm bin in dung

Phm vi v chnh xc ca cc cm bin c xc nh bi kch thc ca
chng. Cc cm bin ln c th c ng knh vi centimeter. Ci nh c ng knh
nh hn mt centimeter v c phm vi nh hn nhng chnh xc hn.
2.1.3.5 Cm bin in cm (Inductive Sensor)
Cc cm bin in cm s dng dng in cm ng pht hin i tng l
kim loi. Cm bin in cm s dng mt cun dy to mt t trng tn s cao
c cho hnh 2.12. Nu c mt i tng l kim loi n gn lm thay i t trng,
th s c dng chy vo i tng. Dng chy ny to ra mt t trng mi ngc vi t
trng ban u. Kt qu l n lm thay i t cm ca cun dy trong cm bin. Bng
cch o t cm, cm bin c th xc nh mt i tng kim loi n gn.
Cc cm bin ny s pht hin bt k kim loi no, khi cn pht hin cc loi kim
loi th cc cm bin a kim loi thng c s dng.

Hnh 2.12: Cm bin tip cn in cm

Khi i tng kim loi i vo vng in t trng, th dng in xoy truyn
vo i tng. iu ny lm tng ti trong cm bin, lm gim bin ca in t
trng. Mch trigger gim st bin dao ng khi t n mc nh trc th n chuyn
i trng thi ng ra ca cm bin. Khi i tng di chuyn khi cm bin, th bin

dao ng tng ln. Khi n gi tr nh trc th mch trigger chuyn i trng thi ng ra
tr v iu kin bnh thng.

Hnh 2.13: Cm bin tip cn in cm

Cc cm bin c th pht hin cc i tng cch xa vi centimeter. Nhng
hng ca i tng c th l bt k nh hnh 2.14. T trng ca cc cm bin khng
bc bao ph xung quanh u ca cun dy ln hn. Bng cch lp thm v bc kim
loi th t trng s nh hn, nhng hng ca i tng nhn bit c ci thin hn.

Hnh 2.14: Cm bin c bc v khng bc v kim loi

2.1.3.6 Cm bin siu m (Ultrasonic sensor)
Cm bin siu m pht ra m thanh trn ngng nghe bnh thng 16kHz.
Thi gian c yu cu m thanh di chuyn n mc tiu v phn hi tr v t l vi
khong cch mc tiu. C hai loi cm bin l:
Tnh in (electrostatic): S dng hiu ng in dung. Phm vi ln v bng thng
rng hn nhng nhy cao hn vi i tng m t.
p in (piezoelectric): Da vo phn t p in thch anh.
Cc cm bin ny c th rt hiu qu cho cc ng dng nh o mc cht lng
trong thng cha.
2.1.3.7 Hiu ng Hall (Hall Effect)
Cc cng tc hiu ng Hall c bn l cc transistor c th chuyn mch bi t
trng. Cc ng dng ca chng th rt ging vi reed switch, nhng v chng ch l cht
bn dn nn chng ph hp vi cc chuyn ng. Cc my mc t ng ha thng s
dng chng thc hin khi ng v pht hin v tr dng.

2.1.3.8 Lu lng (Fluid Flow)

Hnh 2.15: Xc nh lu lng dng chy vi cm bin tip cn cm

Chng ta c th thay th cc cm bin phc tp bng cc cm bin n gin. Hnh
3.15 cho thy mt phao kim loi trong mt knh hnh nn. Tc dng chy tng p lc
y phao ln trn. Dng hnh nn ca phao m bo v tr ca cht lng t l vi tc
dng chy. Mt cm bin tip cn in cm c th c nh v n pht hin khi phao
t n cao no , v h thng t n tc dng chy nh.
2.2 C cu chp hnh
2.2.1 Gii thiu
C cu chp hnh c s dng bin i nng lng in thnh chuyn
ng c hc.
2.2.2 Solenoid
Solenoid l c cu chp hnh thng dng nht. Nguyn l hot ng c bn l s
di chuyn li st (piston) trong cun dy (hnh 2.16). Bnh thng piston c gi bn
ngoi cun dy. Khi cun dy c cp in, cun dy sinh ra t trng ht piston v ko
n vo trung tm ca cun dy. ng dng quan trng nht ca solenoid l iu khin cc
van kh nn, thy lc v kha ca xe.

Hnh 2.16: Solenoid

Cn ch l cc cun cm c th to ra in p gai nhn v c th cn cc b
gim sc. Mc d vy hu ht trong cc ng dng cng nghip c in p thp v dng
in nh mc, chng c th c kt ni trc tip vi cc ng ra ca PLC. Hu ht cc
solenoid cng nghip s dng ngun cung cp 24Vdc v dng nh mc mt vi trm
mA.
2.2.3 Van iu khin (VALVE)
Dng cht lng v kh c th c iu khin bng cc van iu khin solenoid.
V d van iu khin solenoid c cho hnh 2.17.

Hnh 2.17: Mt Solenoid iu khin van 5 ca 2 v tr

Cc loi van c lit k di y. Theo tiu chun, thut ng n-ca ch nh
s lng kt ni cc ng vo v ra ca van. Trong mt vi trng hp c ca x kh
ra. Vic thit k thng ng/thng m cho bit iu kin van khi mt ngun cp.
Van 2 ca, 2 v tr thng ng (van 2/2): Cc van ny c 1 ca vo v mt ca
ra. Khi mt ngun cung cp th v tr thng ng. Khi c ngun cung cp, th
van m cho php dng kh hay cht lng chy qua. Cc van ny c s dng
cho php dng chy.
Van 2 ca, 2 v tr thng m (van 2/2): Cc van ny c mt ca vo v mt ca
ra. Khi mt ngun th m cho php dng chy. Khi c ngun, van ng. Cc van
ny c s dng ngt dng chy.
Van 3 ca, 2 v tr thng ng (van 3/2): Cc van ny c ca vo, ca ra v ca
x kh. Khi mt ngun th ca ra c ni vi ca x kh. Khi c ngun th ca
vo c ni vi ca ra. Cc van ny c s dng cho cc cylinder tc ng n.
Van 3 ca, 2 v tr thng m (van 3/2): Cc van ny c ca vo, ca ra v ca
x kh. Khi mt ngun th ca vo c ni vi ca ra. Khi c ngun th van ni
ca ra vi ca x kh. Cc van ny c s dng cho cc cylinder tc ng n.
Van 3 ca, 2 v tr a nng (van 3/2): Cc van ny c 3 ca. Mt trong cc ca
hot ng nh l ca vo hoc ca ra, v c ni n mt trong hai ca khc
khi mt ngun hoc c ngun. Cc van ny c th c s dng lm chuyn
hng dng chy, hoc chn ngun qua li.
Van 4 ca, 2 v tr (van 4/2): Cc van ny c 4 ca, 1 vo, 2 ra v 1 ca x kh. Khi
c ngun van ni cc ca vo vi cc ca ra v ngc li. Cc van ny c s
dng vi cc cylinder tc ng kp.
Van 5 ca, 2 v tr (van 5/2): Cc van ny c 5 ca, 1 vo, 2 ra v 2 ca x kh.
Van 4 ca, 3 v tr (van 4/3): Cc van ny c 4 ca, 1 vo, 2 ra v 1 x. trng
thi bnh thng (khng c ngun nng lng) th cc ca vo/ra u b chn.
Van ny c s dng iu khin v tr cc cylinder.

 Van 5 ca, 3 v tr (van 5/3): Van ny c 5 ca, 1 vo, 2 ra v 2 ca x. Tng t

nh van 4/3, van ny c s dng iu khin v tr cc cylinder.
K hiu ca cc van c cho hnh 3.18. Khi s dng trong cc bn v
th v trng thi khng c cp ngun nng lng. Mi tn ch ng dn
dng chy n cc v tr khc. Biu tng tam gic nh ch ca x kh.
Bng 2.1: K hiu cc van iu khin bng kh nn v solenoid
K hiu
Loi van
iu khin bng kh nn
iu khin bng solenoid

Van 2 ca, 2 v tr

Van 3 ca, 2 v tr

Van 4 ca, 2 v tr

Van 5 ca, 2 v tr

Van 4 ca, 3 v tr

Van 5 ca, 3 v tr

Khi chn la van, cn ch mt s chi tit sau:

Kch thc ng: Ca vo v ra theo tiu chun NPT (national pipe thread).
Tc dng chy: Tc dng chy cc i thng c cung cp cho cc van
thy lc.
p sut hot ng: p sut hot ng cc i phi c ch bo. Mt vi van c
yu cu p sut ti thiu hot ng.
Ngun in: Cc cun dy solenoid yu cu c cung cp mt in p v dng
in c nh (AC hoc DC).
Thi gian p ng: y l thi gian van ng/m hon ton. Thi gian tiu
biu cho cc van nm trong phm vi t 5ms n 150ms.
V bc: V bc cho cc van c xp theo loi:
Loi 1 hoc 2: S dng trong nh, yu cu bo v chng nc.
Loi 3: S dng ngoi tri, chng bi bm v ma gi.
Loi 3R hoc 3S hoc 4: Chng nc v bi.
Loi 4X: Chng nc, bi v s n mn.
2.2.4 Xy lanh (CYLINDER)
Cylinder s dng p lc kh hoc cht lng to lc/chuyn ng tuyn tnh
(hnh 2.19). Trong hnh, dng cht lng c bm vo mt pha ca cylinder lm
dch chuyn piston v pha cn li. Cht lng pha ny c thot t do. Lc tc dng
ln cylinder t l vi din tch b mt ca piston.
Cng thc tnh lc:
Vi P: p sut thy lc
F
F P.A
P
F: Lc y piston
A
A: Din tch piston
Cylinder tc ng n yu cu cung cp lc khi dui ra v s dng l xo co v.
Cn cylinder tc ng kp th cung cp lc c hai pha.

Hnh 2.19: Mt ct ca cylinder thy lc

Cc cylinder t thng c s dng trong iu khin kh nn. Trn u ca piston
c mt mnh nam chm. Khi n di chuyn n v tr gii hn th cc cng tc reed switch
s pht hin ra.

Hnh 2.30: Cylinder tc ng n v cylinder tc ng kp

2.2.5 ng c
ng c l c cu chp hnh thng thng, nhng i vi ng dng
cho iu khin nh phn th c im ca n khng quan trng. iu khin
logic tiu biu ca cc ng c l ng ct in cho n. Cc ng c c dng in nh c
th u trc tip vo cc ng ra ca PLC, cn i vi cc ng c cng sut ln th s
dng relay hay contactor hoc b khi ng ng c.
2.2.6 Cc c cu chp hnh khc
Ngoi cc c cu chp hnh k trn cn c nhiu loi c cu chp hnh khc nhau
trong iu khin logic. Mt s c cu chp hnh thng c s dng relay v contactor.
Ngoi ra c mt s c cu chp hnh khc:
L nhit: Thng c iu khin bng relay, ng v ct in gi nhit
nm trong mt phm vi no .
n bo: n bo c s dng cho hu ht cc my mc ch bo trng thi
my v cung cp thng tin cho ngi vn hnh. Hu ht cc n bo c dng
in thp v c kt ni trc tip n PLC.

 Ci/chung bo: Ci hay chung bo c th c s dng cho cc my mc

khng c gim st hoc ang b nguy him. Chng thng c ni trc tip
vi cc ng ra ca PLC.

Chng 3
B iu khin lp trnh PLC Siemen S7-200
3.1 Gii thiu chung
PLC S7 200 l thnh vin nh nht ca gia nh thit b iu khin lp trnh
SIMATIC S7 ca hng Siemen (CHLB c). Mi loi CPU S7 200 u bao gm u
vo v u ra c vai tr ging nh mt CPU.
u vo v u ra (I/O) l cc im iu khin h thng. u vo gim st cc
thit b giao tip, chng hn nh cng tc v cm bin tng t. u ra iu khin cc
thit b khc, chng hn nh ng c v van iu khin.
Cng lp trnh dng kt ni vi thit b lp trnh, ng thi cung cp mt gii
php kt ni PLC vi cc thit b khc, chng hn nh mn hnh hin th.

Hinh 3.1: PLC S7 200 vi thit b vo/ra

C 6 loi CPU S7 200 (CPU 221, CPU 222, CPU 224, CPU 224XP, CPU
224Xpsi v CPU 226) vi hai cu hnh cung cp ngun cho tng loi.
Bng 3.1: Cc loi ngun cung cp cho PLC S7 - 200

Trong bng ct u tin m t kiu, ct th 2 cho bit kiu ngun cung cp in

cho tng loi CPU, ct th 3 cho bit kiu u vo, ct th 4 cho bit kiu u ra. V d,
Mt CPU kiu 222 AC/DC/Relay cho bit ngun cung cp cho PLC l ngun AC, u
vo c cung cp ngun DC, u ra kiu chuyn mch Relay.
PLC S7 200 bao gm nhiu chng loi CPU, cung cp mt lot cc tnh nng
h tr trong vic thit k cc h thng t ng ha c chi ph hiu qu. Lu rng cc
CPU 224Xpsi c u ra k thut s loi rt dng (sinking) nhng cc tnh nng ca n
cng tng t nh i vi CPU 224XP.
Bng 3.2: H PLC S7 200 CPU 22X

Ty thuc vo loi CPU, CPU S7 200 c cung cp mt trong hai li ngun

in 24VDC hay 120 240 VAC. V d, CPU 221 DC/DC/DC c cung cp mt ngun
in mt chiu 24 VDC, CPU 222 AC/DC/Relay c cung cp mt ngun in xoay
chiu 120 n 240 VAC.

Hnh 3.2:Cung cp ngun cho PLC S7 200 loi CPU DC/DC/DC v AC/DC/Relays

 Nt chn ch v iu chnh u vo Analog

PLC S7 200 c mt cng tc chuyn i ch c ba v tr chn v tr lm vic
khc nhau ca PLC: RUN, STOP v TERM
RUN: Cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh trong b nh. PLC S7200 s ri khi ch RUN v chuyn sang ch STOP nu trong
my c s c, hoc trong chng trnh gp lnh STOP.
STOP: Cng bc PLC dng chng trnh ang chy v chuyn sang
ch STOP. ch STOP, PLC cho php hiu chnh, np, xa mt
chng trnh.
TERM: Cho php ngi dng t my tnh quyt nh chn mt trong
hai ch lm vic cho PLC hoc RUN hoc STOP.
S mt ngoi b iu khin lp trnh PLC S7-200 CPU 224 nh hnh 1.1.

Hnh 3.3: B iu khin lp trnh PLC S7-200 CPU 224

M t cc n bo trn PLC S7-200 CPU 224:
- SF (n ): n SF sng bo hiu h thng b li.
- RUN (n xanh): Cho bit PLC ang ch lm vic v thc hin chng trnh
c np vo trong b nh chng trnh ca PLC.
- STOP (n vng): n vng STOP sng ch nh PLC ang ch dng. Dng
chng trnh ang thc hin li.
- Ix.x (n xanh): n xanh cng vo ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng (I0.0I0.7 v I0.0-I0.5). n ny bo hiu trng thi ca tn hiu theo gi tr logic ca
cng vo.
- Qz.z (n xanh): n xanh cng ra ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng (Q0.0Q0.7 v Q1.0-Q1.1). n ny bo hiu trng thi ca tn hiu ra theo gi tr logic.

Thng tin v h PLC S7-200 CPU 22x c cho nh bng 1.1

Cng truyn thng:
PLC S7-200 CPU s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS-485 vi jack ni 9 chn
phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc trm PLC khc. Tc
truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600 baud. Tc truyn cung cp ca PLC theo
kiu t do l t 300 baud n 38400 baud.
ghp ni PLC S7-200 vi my lp trnh PG720 (hng Siemen) hoc vi cc
loi my lp trnh thuc h PG7xx c th s dng mt cp ni thng qua MPI.
Ghp ni PLC S7-200 vi my tnh PC qua cng RS-232 cn c cp ni PC/PPI
Multi-Master vi b chuyn i RS-232/RS-485, v qua cng USB ta c cp USB/PPI
Multi-Master.
Card nh, pin, clock (CPU 221, CPU 222)
PLC S7-200 cung cp nhiu bin php m bo cho chng trnh ngi dng, d
liu chng trnh v cu hnh d liu c duy tr nh sau:
Mt t in vi in dung ln cho php nui b nh RAM sau khi b mt ngun
in cung cp. Ty theo loi CPU m thi gian lu tr c th ko di nhiu ngy. Chng
hn PLC S7-200 CPU 224 l khong 100 gi.
Vng nh EFPROM cho php lu chng trnh, cc vng nh c ngi dng
chn cha vo EFPROM v cu hnh lu ch.
Cho php gn thm Pin nui RAM v cho php ko di thm thi gian lu tr
d liu, c th l n 200 ngy k t khi mt ngun in. Ngun ca Pin s c ly sau
khi t in x ht.
Card nh: c s dng lu tr chng trnh. Chng trnh cha trong card
nh bao gm: Program block, data block, system block, cng thc (recipes), d liu o
(data logs), v cc gi tr cng bc (force values).
Card pin: Dng m rng thi gian lu tr cc d liu c trong b nh. Ngun
pin c t ng chuyn sang khi t trong PLC cn. Pin c th s dng n 200 ngy.
Card clock/ Battery module: ng h thi gian thc (Real-time clock) cho PLC
S7-200 CPU 221/222 v ngun pin nui ng h v lu d liu. Thi gian s dng
n 200 ngy.

Hnh 3.3: Hnh dng cc module

Bin tr chnh gi tr analog:
Hai bin tr ny c s dng nh hai ng vo analog cho php iu chnh cc
bin cn phi thay i v s dng trong chng trnh.

3.1.2 Module m rng ca PLC S7-200

Cc CPU tch hp sn cc ng vo v ng ra s, chng hn PLC S7-200 CPU
224 AC/DC/Relay c sn 14 ng vo v 10 ng ra. Tuy nhin trong thc t, xut pht t
yu cu iu khin cn nhiu hn s ng vo/ra, c s dng tn hiu analog hay cc yu
cu v truyn thng, ni mng cc PLCm ta phi gn thm vo CPU cc khi m
rng (Expansion module) c cc chc nng khc nhau.
Bng 1.2: Cc module m rng cho PLC S7-200
Digital Module
Input
8 DC In
8 AC In
16 DC In
Output 4 DC Out
4 Relay Out
8 Relay Out
4 DC In/4 DC Out
16 DC In/16 DC 32 DC In/32 DC
8 DC In/8 DC Out
Out
Out
T hp
4 DC In/4 Relay 8 DC In/8 Relay 16 DC In/16 Relay 32 DC In/32
Out
Out
Out
Relay Out
Analog Module
4 Analog In
8 Analog In
4 Thermocouple In
Input
2 RTD In
2 RTD In
Output 2 Analog Out
4 Analog Out
T hp 4 Analog In/ 4
Analog Out
Intelligent Module
Position
Modem
PROFIBUS-DP
Ethernet
Ethernet IT
Cc Module khc
AS-Interface
SIWAREX MS
Analog Module
- Khi ng vo tng t AI (Analog Input): Tn hiu analog ng vo c th l tn
hiu in p hoc dng in. Ty thuc tn hiu cn c la chn module ph hp.
Hin c cc module 4AI, 8AI. i vi tn hiu analog c to ra bi
thermocouple (cp nhit) v RTD th s dng cc module o nhit tng t.
- Khi ng ra tng t AO (Analog Output): Tn hiu analog ng ra c th l in
p hoc dng in.
in p ra: - 10VDC ti + 10VDC, tng ng vi gi tr s t -32000 ti + 32000.
Dng in ra: 0 20mA tng ng vi gi tr t 0 32000.
Intelligent Module
- Master trong mng AS-Interface: Giao tip AS-I (Actuator Sensor Interface) hay
giao tip actuator/sensor l h thng kt ni cho cp qu trnh thp nht trong h
thng t ng ha nhm ti u vic kt ni cm bin v c cu chp hnh vi thit
b t ng ha. Vi module CP243-2 cho php kt ni mng AS-Interface vo
PLC S7-200 v ng vai tr l master.
- Kt ni vo mng PROFIBUS-DP: Cc PLC S7-200 c th kt ni vo mng
Profibus hot ng nh mt DP Slave nh vo khi m rng EM 277. Vic s

dng EM 277 cho php PLC S7-200 c th kt ni truyn thng vi cc thit b

trong mng Profibus nh: PLC S7-300, S7-400, mn hnh iu khin
- Kt ni vo mng Ethernet: c th kt ni PLC S7-200 vo mng Industrial
Ethernet th cn c khi CP 243-1. y l khi truyn thng cho php cc PLC
S7-200 c th c cu hnh, lp trnh, chun on t xa qua Ethernet nh phn
mm STEP 7 Micro/WIN. Gip cho cc PLC S7-200 c th giao tip vi cc PLC
S7-200 khc, S7-300 hay S7-400 qua Ethernet. Cc CPU c th s dng l h
CPU 22x.
C th thc hin cu hnh cho cc CPU vo mng Ethernet nh vo Wizard (Menu
Tools Ethernet wizard).
- Internet Technology: Khi m rng CP 243-1 IT cho php cc PLC S7-200 c th
thc hin cc gim st hay thay i qua trnh duyt Web t mt PC c ni mng.
Cc thng bo chun on c th gi qua Email t mt h thng. S dng cc
chc nng IT cho php trao i cc tp tin d liu vi cc my tnh hay cc h
thng iu khin khc. Mi mt khi CP 243-1 IT ch nn kt ni cho 2 PLC S7200.
- Modem module: Cho php kt ni trc tip S7-200 vo ng dy in thoi, v
cung cp truyn thng gia S7-200 v Step 7 Micro/WIN.
Vi cng c Modem Expansion wizard cho php thit lp mt modem xa hoc
kt ni PLC S7-200 vi mt thit b xa qua modem.
Function Module
L cc khi chc nng thc hin cc chc nng c bit nh iu khin v tr
(Position module), cn (SIWREX MS).
Position module: Module v tr c s dng iu khin tc v v tr ca
ng c bc (Step motor) hoc ng c Servo (Servo motor). Vi cng c
Position Control wizard trong phn mm Step 7 Micro/WIN thit lp cu hnh
cho module iu khin v tr. Module iu khin v tr thng c s dng l EM
253.
SIWAREX MS: L module cn a nng v linh hot, n c s dng i vi cc
h thng cn hoc o lc s dng PLC S7-200.
Kh nng truyn thng ca PLC S7-200 nh hnh 1.3

Hnh 1.3: Kh nng truyn thng ca PLC S7-200

1.2 Mn hnh iu khin
Trong cc yu cu iu khin c gim st th i vi PLC S7-200 chng ta c th
gn thm cc mn hnh iu khin v gim st. Hin c cc loi l: mn hnh hin th
dng vn bn (Text Display), mn hnh iu khin bng bn phm (Operator panel) v
mn hnh cm ng (Touch Panel).
- Bng iu khin hin th dng vn bn (Text Display): Cc mn hnh ny c
gi thnh thp, cho php ngi vn hnh my c th xem, gim st bng cc dng vn
bn v thay i cc thng s hay ch hot ng ca h thng iu khin bng cc
phm trn bng iu khin. Gm cc loi l TD100C, TD200C, TD200, TD400C.
Cc bng iu khin ny c th c thit lp cc thng bo v nt nhn iu
khin d dng bng cng c Text Display wizard (Menu Tools Text Display Wizard)
trong Step 7 Micro/WIN.

Hnh 1.4: Bng iu khin hin th dng vn bn

Operator Panel v Touch Panel: Cc mn hnh c ng dng iu khin v gim
st cc my mc, thit b nh. Thi gian thit lp cu hnh v vn hnh nhanh vi phn
mm WinCC Flexible. Gm cc loi: OP 73micro, TP 177micro (mn hnh thay th mn
hnh trc TP 070/TP 170micro).

Hnh 1.5: Mn hnh OP 73micro v TP 177micro

1.3 Cc vng nh
B nh ca PLC S7-200 c chia ra lm cc vng nh nh trong bng 1.3.
Bng 1.3: Cc vng nh v c im ca PLC S7-200

M t

CPU 221

CPU 222

CPU 224

CPU 224XP

CPU 226

Kch thc chng

trnh ngi dng

4 Kb

4 Kb

8 Kb

12 Kb

16 Kb

Kch thc d liu

2 kB

2 kB

8 kB

10 Kb

10Kb

Vng m vo s

I0.0

I15.7

I0.0

I15.7

I0.0

I15.7

I0.0

I15.7

I0.0

I15.7

Vng m ra s

Q0.0

Q15.7

Q0.0

Q15.7

Q0.0

Q15.7

Q0.0

Q15.7

Q0.0

Q15.7

Ng vo Analog

AIW0

AIW30

AIW0

AIW30

AIW0

AIW62

AIW0

AIW62

AIW0

AIW62

Ng ra Analog

AQW0

AQW30

AQW0

AQW30

AQW0

AQW62

AQW0

AQW62

AQW0

AQW62

VB0

VB2047

VB0

VB2047

VB0

VB8191

VB10239

VB0

LB63

LB63

LB63

Vng nh bin (V)

Vng nh cc b
(L)
Vng nh bit (M)
Vng nh c bit
Ch c (SM)
Timer
Retentive On-delay
1ms
10ms
100ms

On/Off delay
1ms
10ms
100ms

Counter

LB0

M31.7
SM0.0 S M179.7
SM0.0 SM29.7
256 (T0 T255)

T0, T64
T1 T4

T0, T64
T1 T4

T0, T64
T1 T4

T65 T68
T5 T31
T69 T95
T32, T96
T33 T36

T97 T100
T37 T63
T101 T255
C0 C255
HC0
S0.0

Jumps/Lable

Call/Subroutine

Interrupt routines

Port

HC5

S31.7
AC0

PID loops

LB0

M31.7
SM0.0 S M179.7
SM0.0 SM29.7
256 (T0 T255)

Thanh ghi Accu

nh sn xung
(positive/negative)

LB63

M31.7
SM0.0 S M179.7
SM0.0 SM29.7
256 (T0 T255)
M0.0

B m tc cao
Bit iu khin trnh
t (S)

LB0

AC3

M0.0

T65 T68
T5 T31
T69 T95
T32, T96
T33 T36

T97 T100
T37 T63
T101 T255
C0 C255

63

127

256
0

Port 0

T32, T96
T33 T36

T97 T100
T37 T63
T101 T255
C0 C255
HC0

S31.7

S0.0

AC3

AC0

AC0

255

T65 T68
T5 T31
T69 T95

HC5

HC0
S0.0

M0.0

255

63

127

256
0

Port 0

VB0
LB0

M31.7
SM0.0 S M179.7
SM0.0 SM29.7
256 (T0 T255)
M0.0

T0, T64
T1 T4

T65 T68
T5 T31
T69 T95
T32, T96
T33 T36

T97 T100
T37 T63
T101 T255
C0 C255

HC5

HC0

S31.7

S0.0

AC3

AC0

255

63

127

256
0

Port 0

LB0

M31.7
SM0.0 S M179.7
SM0.0 SM29.7
256 (T0 T255)
T0, T64
T1 T4

T68
T5 T31
T69 T95
T65

T32, T96
T33 T36

T100
T37 T63
T101 T255
C0 C255
T97

HC0

S31.7

S0.0

AC3

AC0

255

63

127

Port 0, Port 1

LB63

M0.0

HC5

256

VB10239

HC5

S31.7
AC3

255
63

127
256
0

Port

1.4 Quy c a ch trong PLC S7-200

1.4.1 Truy xut theo bit
truy xut a ch theo dng Bit chng ta xc nh vng nh, a ch ca Byte v
a ch ca Bit. V d:

Hnh 1.6: Truy xut vng nh m u vo I theo bit

Trong hnh 1.6 l bn vng nh ca b m d liu u vo I (Process Image
Input). Bn ca cc vng nh khc cng c cu trc tng t nh vy. Bit thp nht l
bit 0 nm bn phi v bit cao nht l bit 7 nm bn tri. Do chng ta hon ton c th
khai bo tng t nh v d trn, chng hn nh: Q1.0, V5.2, M0.1,. Dung lng ca
cc vng nh ph thuc vo loi CPU m chng ta s dng.
1.4.2 Truy xut theo byte (8 bit)
Khi truy xut d liu theo byte, chng ta xc nh vng nh, v th t ca byte
cn truy xut. V d:

Hnh 1.7: Truy xut vng nh V theo dng byte

Tng t, ta khai bo cho cc vng nh khc, chng hn nh: IB3, MB2, QB5
1.4.3 Truy xut theo word

Hnh 1.8: Truy xut vng nh V theo dng word

Lu :
i vi tn hiu tng t (Analog) th chng ta ch c mt dng truy xut duy nht
l truy xut theo word. iu ny l do mi tn hiu tng t s ng vi mt gi tr
s nguyn 16 bit. V d: AIW0, AIW2, AQW0,

 Khi truy xut a ch theo word th hai word lin k nhau bt buc cch nhau 2
byte. V d ta cn cha 2 d liu dng s interger vo vng bin V, th d liu th
nht gi s cha vo VW20 th word k tip lu d liu th hai l VW22.
1.4.4 Truy xut theo 2 word (Double word = 32 bit)
Khi truy xut vng nh 32 bit, tng ng vi 4 byte. Trong gm c word thp,
word cao v byte thp, byte cao.
V d: VD100

Hnh 1.9: Truy xut vng nh V theo dng Double word

Bng tm tt vic truy xut cc vng nh theo bit, byte, word v double word c cho
nh bng .
Bng: Cch truy xut cc vng nh theo a ch bit, byte, word, double word
Cch truy xut
Bit
I
Q
V
M
SM
S
T
C
L
Byte
IB
QB
VB
MB
SMB
SB
LB
AC
KB (Constant)
Word
IW
QW
VW
MW
SMW
SW
T
C
LW
AC
AIW
AQW
KW (Constant)

CPU 221
0.0 15.7
0.0 15.7
0.0 2047.7
0.0 31.7
0.0 165.7
0.0 31.7
0 255
0 255
0.0 63.7
0 15
0 15
0 2047
0 31
0 165
0 31
0 63
0 3
KB (Constant)
0 14
0 14
0 2046
0 30
0 164
0 30
0 255
0 255
0 62
0 3
0 30
0 30
KW(Constant)

CPU 222
0.0 15.7
0.0 15.7
0.0 2047.7
0.0 31.7
0.0 299.7
0.0 31.7
0 255
0 255
0.0 63.7
0 15
0 15
0 2047
0 31
0 299
0 31
0 63
0 3
KB (Constant)
0 14
0 14
0 2046
0 30
0 298
0 30
0 255
0 255
0 62
0 3
0 30
0 30
KW(Constant)

CPU 224
0.0 15.7
0.0 15.7
0.0 8191.7
0.0 31.7
0.0 549.7
0.0 31.7
0 255
0 255
0.0 63.7
0 15
0 15
0 8191
0 31
0 549
0 31
0 63
0 3
KB (Constant)
0 14
0 14
0 8190
0 30
0 548
0 30
0 255
0 255
0 62
0 3
0 62
0 62
KW(Constant)

CPU 224XP
0.0 15.7
0.0 15.7
0.0 10239.7
0.0 31.7
0.0 549.7
0.0 165.7
0 255
0 255
0.0 63.7
0 15
0 15
0 10239
0 31
0 549
0 31
0 63
0 255
KB (Constant)
0 14
0 14
0 10238
0 30
0 548
0 30
0 255
0 255
0 62
0 3
0 62
0 62
KW(Constant)

CPU 226
0.0 15.7
0.0 15.7
0.0 10239.7
0.0 31.7
0.0 165.7
0.0 165.7
0 255
0 255
0.0 63.7
0 15
0 15
0 10239
0 31
0 549
0 31
0 63
0 255
KB (Constant)
0 14
0 14
0 10238
0 30
0 548
0 30
0 255
0 255
0 62
0 3
0 62
0 62
KW(Constant)

Double Word ID
QD
VD
MD
SMD
SD
LD
AC
HC
KD (Constant)

0 12
0 12
0 2044
0 28
0 162
0 28
0 60
0 3
0 5
KD (Constant)

0 12
0 12
0 2044
0 28
0 296
0 28
0 60
0 3
0 5
KD (Constant)

0 12
0 12
0 8188
0 28
0 546
0 28
0 60
0 3
0 5
KD (Constant)

0 12
0 12
0 10236
0 28
0 546
0 28
0 60
0 3
0 5
KD (Constant)

0 12
0 12
0 10236
0 28
0 546
0 28
0 60
0 3
0 5
KD (Constant)

Tm li, v c bn chng ta c bn dng truy xut d liu nh trn. Trong mi yu

cu iu khin c th chng ta s chn truy xut theo dng no.
- Kim tra trng thi ca cc tn hiu c to ra t cc ngoi vi ni vi ng vo s
nh nt n, cm bin, cng tc hnh trnh th chn truy xut l bit, trong trng
hp ny th chn a ch ng vo tng ng c kt ni v d I0.0, I0.5, I0.1
- Xut tn hiu ra cc c cu chp hnh nhn tn hiu nh phn nh relay, n bo,
van t tnh th s chn truy xut l bit, trong trng hp ny th chn a ch
ng ra tng ng c kt ni v d nh Q0.0, Q0.2, Q1.0
- Nhn tn hiu t cc cm bin to ra tn hiu analog nh cm bin nhit , p
sut, m th s dng a ch word, v d nh AIW0, AIW2, AIW4
- Xut tn hiu analog ra cc c cu chp hnh nhn tn hiu analog nh ng vo
analog bin tn, van t lth s dng a ch word, v d AQW0, AQW2,
AQW4
- Trong qu trnh thc hin chng trnh cn lu tr thng tin dng s 16 bit nh
m s sn phm (s nguyn 16 bit) th truy cp a ch word, cn dng 32 bit
nh nhit , p sut (s thc) th truy cp a ch double word
1.5 X l chng trnh trong PLC S7-200
PLC S7-200 thc hin c v ghi d liu theo logic iu khin trong chng trnh
lin tc theo chu k. Hot ng ca PLC S7-200 theo trnh t nh sau:
- c trng thi cc ng vo thng qua b m u vo
- PLC S7-200 s dng cc ng vo ny thc hin logic iu khin theo chng
trnh c lu tr trong n. D liu lun c cp nht khi chng trnh c
thc hin.
- Xut d liu ra ng ra.
Hnh 1.10 l mt s n gin ch mi quan h gia s in v PLC S7-200.
Cc nt n khi ng/dng ng c c kt ni vi ng vo. Trng thi ca cc ng vo
ty thuc vo nt n. Cc trng thi ca ng vo s quyt nh trng thi ca ng ra. Ng
ra c kt ni vi contactor. Ty theo trng thi ca ng ra m contactor c in hay
mt in v tng ng ng c s hot ng hay dng.

Hnh 2.10: iu khin ng vo/ra

Hnh 2.11: Chu k qut ca PLC S7-200

Chu k qut trong PLC S7-200

PLC S7-200 thc hin mt lot cc nhim v theo chu k. Vic thc hin cc
nhim v theo chu k c gi l chu k qut (Scan Cycle). Hnh 1.12 l v d mt chu
k qut. PLC S7-200 thc hin cc nhim v sau trong mt chu k qut:
- c ng vo: PLC S7-200 sao chp trng thi ca cc ng vo vt l vo b m
ng vo.
Digital inputs: Mi chu k qut bt u bng cch c gi tr hin hnh cc ng
vo s v sau ghi cc gi tr ny vo cng m ng vo.
Analog inputs: PLC S7-200 khng cp nht cc ng vo analog t cc module m
rng nu l chu k qut bnh thng tr khi c kch hot khu lc cc ng vo
analog. B lc analog c cung cp cho php ta c mt tn hiu n nh hn. C
th cho php b analog mi im ng vo analog. Khi mt ng vo analog c
kch hot b lc, S7-200 cp nht ng vo analog mi mt ln trong chu k qut
v lu tr gi tr lc. Gi tr lc c cung cp mi khi truy cp ng vo analog.
Khi b lc analog khng c kch hot, S7-200 c gi tr ng vo analog t
module m rng mi ln chng trnh truy xut ng vo analog.
- Thc hin theo logic iu khin trong chng trnh: PLC S7-200 thc hin cc
lnh trong chng trnh v lu gi tr vo vng nh.
Khi thc hin chu k qut, S7-200 thi hnh t lnh u tin cho n lnh cui
cng. Cc lnh truy cp I/O tc th cho php ta truy xut ngay lp tc cc ng vo
v ng ra khi thc hin chng trnh cng nh chng trnh ngt (interrupt
routine).
Nu c s dng cc ngt trong chng trnh (chng trnh ngt c gi bi cc
yu cu ngt) th n khng c thc hin chu k qut bnh thng. N c
thc hin khi c s kin ngt (c th xy ra ti bt k thi im no trong chu k
qut).
- X l bt k yu cu truyn thng no: PLC S7-200 thi hnh bt k nhim v
c yu cu cho truyn thng.

Trong giai on x l thng tin ca chu k qut, S7-200 x l bt k thng tin no

nhn c t cng truyn thng hoc t cc module truyn thng (intelligent I/O
module).
- Thc hin t chun on CPU: S7-200 t kim tra m bo phn firmware,
b nh chng trnh, v bt k cc module m rng no cng ang lm vic ng.
Trong giai on ny, S7-200 kim tra cho hot ng thch hp ca CPU v trng
thi ca bt k module m rng no.
- Xut ra ng ra: Cc gi tr c lu trong vng m ng ra s c xut ra cc
ng ra vt l.
Ti cui mi chu k, S7-200 xut cc gi tr c lu trong b m ng ra n cc
ng ra s. (Cc ng ra analog th c cp nht ngay lp tc, khng ph thuc vo
chu k qut).
Vic thc hin chng trnh cn ty thuc vo S7-200 ang ch STOP hay
ch RUN. ch RUN th chng trnh c thc hin, cn ch STOP th
chng trnh khng c thc hin.

5 KT NI DY GIA PLC V THIT B NGOI VI

5.1 Kt ni dy gia PLC v cc thit b ngoi vi

Vic kt ni dy gia PLC vi ngoi vi rt quan trng. N quyt nh n vic

PLC c th giao tip c vi thit b lp trnh (my tnh) cng nh h thng iu
khin c th hot ng ng theo yu cu c thit k hay khng. Ngoi ra vic ni
dy cn lin quan n an ton cho PLC cng nh h thng iu khin.
5.1.1 Gii thiu CPU 224 v cch kt ni vi thit b ngoi vi
S b mt ca b iu khin lp trnh S7-200 CPU 224 c cho nh hnh 5.1.

Hnh 5.1: B iu khin lp trnh S7-200 CPU 224

cho b iu khin lp trnh ny hot ng c th ngi s dng phi kt
ni PLC vi ngun cung cp v cc ng vo ra ca n vi thit b ngoi vi. Mun np
chng trnh vo CPU, ngi s dng phi son tho chng trnh bng cc thit b lp
trnh hoc my tnh vi phn mm tng ng cho loi PLC ang s dng v c th np
trc tip vo CPU hoc copy chng trnh vo card nh cm vo rnh cm card
nh trn CPU ca PLC. Thng thng khi lp trnh cng nh khi kim tra hot ng ca
PLC th ngi lp trnh thng kt ni trc tip thit b lp trnh hoc my tnh c nhn
vi PLC. Nh vy, h thng iu khin khin bng PLC hot ng cng nh lp
trnh cho n, cn phi kt ni PLC vi my tnh cng nh cc ng vo ra vi ngoi vi.
5.1.2 Kt ni vi my tnh
i vi cc thit b lp trnh ca hng Siemens c cc cng giao tip PPI th c th
kt ni trc tip vi PLC thng qua mt si cp. Tuy nhin i vi my tnh c nhn
cn thit phi c cp chuyn i PC/PPI. C 2 loi cp chuyn i l cp RS-232/PPI
Multi-Master v cp USB/PPI Multi-Master.
Cp RS-232/PPI multi-master
Hnh dng ca cp v cng tc chn ch truyn c cho hnh 5.2.

Hnh 5.2: Hnh dng cp RS-232/PPI v cc chuyn mch trn cp

Ty theo tc truyn gia my tnh v CPU m cc cng tc 1,2,3 c
v tr thch hp. Thng thng i vi CPU 22x th tc truyn thng t l 9,6
Kbaud (tc cng tc 123 c t theo th t l 010).
Ty theo truyn thng l 10 Bit hay 11 Bit m cng tc 7 c t v tr thch
hp. Khi kt ni bnh thng vi my tnh th cng tc 7 chn ch truyn thng 11
Bit (cng tc 7 t v tr 0).
Cng tc 6 cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master c s dng kt ni port truyn
thng RS-232 ca mt modem vi S7-200 CPU. Khi kt ni bnh thng vi my
tnh th cng tc 6 c t v tr Data Comunications Equipment (DCE) (cng tc
6 v tr 0). Khi kt ni cp PC/PPI vi mt modem th port RS-232 ca cp
PC/PPI c t v tr Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) (cng tc 6 v tr 1).
Cng tc 5 c s dng t cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master thay th cp
PC/PPI hoc hot ng ch Freeport th t ch PPI/Freeport (cng tc 5 v
tr 0). Nu kt ni bnh thng l PPI (master) vi phn mm STEP 7 Micro/Win 3.2 SP4
hoc cao hn th t ch PPI (cng tc 5 v tr 1).
S ni cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master gia my tnh v CPU S7-200 vi tc
truyn 9,6 Kbaud c cho nh hnh 5.3.

Hnh 5.3: Kt ni my tnh vi CPU S7-200 RS-232/PPI Multi-Master

Cp USB/PPI multi-master
Hnh dng ca cp c cho hnh 5.4.

Hnh 5.4: Hnh dng cp USB/PPI

Cch thc kt ni cp USB/PPI Multi-Master cng tng t nh cp RS-232/PPI
Multi-Master. s dng cp ny, phn mm cn phi l STEP 7-Micro/WIN 3.2 Service
Pack 4 (hoc cao hn). Cp ch c th c s dng vi loi CPU22x hoc sau ny. Cp
USB khng c h tr truyn thng Freeport v download cu hnh mn TP070 t
phn mm TP Designer.
5.1.3 Ni ngun cung cp cho CPU
Ty theo loi v h PLC m cc CPU c th l khi ring hoc c t sn cc ng
vo v ra cng nh mt s chc nng c bit khc. Hu ht cc PLC h S7-200 c
nh sn xut lp t cc khu vo, khu ra v CPU trong cng mt v hp. Nhng
ngun cung cp cho cc khu ny hon ton c lp nhau. Ngun cung cp cho CPU ca
h S7-200 c th l:
Xoay chiu:
20.....29 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz
85...264 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz
Mt chiu:
20,4 ... 28,8 VDC

Hnh 5.5: S ni ngun cung cp cho CPU

a. Cp ngun cho CPU 2xx loi DC/DC/DC
b. Cp ngun cho CPU 2xx loi AC/DC/RLY
c th nhn bit vic cp ngun cho CPU, khi vo, khi ra s ta cn c vo
cc ch s i km theo CPU. Cc m s km theo CPU 2xx c th c nh sau:
CPU 2xx DC/DC/DC: Ngun cp cho CPU l DC, ngun cho ng vo l DC,
ngun cp cho ng ra l DC.
CPU 2xx AC/DC/Relay: Ngun cp cho CPU l AC, ngun cho ng vo l DC,
ng ra l Relay c th cp ngun l DC hoc AC.
5.1.4 Kt ni vo/ra s vi ngoi vi
Cc ng vo, ra ca PLC cn thit iu khin v gim st qu trnh iu
khin. Cc ng vo v ra c th c phn thnh 2 loi c bn: s (Digital) v tng
t (analog). Hu ht cc ng dng s dng cc ng vo/ra s. Trong bi ny ch cp
n vic kt ni cc ng vo/ra s vi ngoi vi, cn i vi ng vo/ra tng t s trnh
by chng x l tn hiu analog.
i vi b iu khin lp trnh h S7-200, hng Siemens a ra rt nhiu loi
CPU vi in p cung cp cho cc ng vo ra khc nhau. Ty thuc tng loi CPU m ta
c th ni dy khc nhau. Vic thc hin ni dy cho CPU c th tra cu s tay km
theo ca hng sn xut.
5.1.4.1 Kt ni cc ng vo s vi ngoi vi
Cc ng vo s ca PLC c th c ch to l mt khi ring, hoc kt hp vi
cc ng ra chung trong mt khi hoc c tch hp trn khi CPU. Trong trng hp
no cng vy, cc ng vo cng phi c cung cp ngun ring vi cp in p ty thuc
vo loi ng vo. Cn lu trong mt khi ng vo cng nh cc ng vo c tch hp
sn trn CPU c th c cc nhm c cung cp ngun c lp nhau. V vy cn lu

khi cp ngun cho cc nhm ny. Ngun cung cp cho cc khi vo ca h S7-200 c th
l:
Xoay chiu: 15...35 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz; dng cn thit nh nht 4mA
79...135 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz; dng cn thit nh nht 4mA
Mt chiu: 15 ... 30 VDC; dng cn thit nh nht 4mA
S mch in bn trong ca mt s ng vo c cho nh hnh 5.6a,b.

Hnh 5.6: a) Mch in ca 1 ng vo s s dng ngun cung cp DC

b) Mch in ca 1 ng vo s s dng ngun cung cp AC
Ty theo yu cu m c th quyt nh s dng loi ng vo no.
Ng vo DC

in p DC thng thp do an ton hn.

p ng ng vo DC rt nhanh.
in p DC c th c kt ni vi nhiu phn t trong h thng in.
Ng vo AC:

Ng vo AC yu cu cn phi c thi gian. V d i vi in p c tn s

50 Hz phi yu cu thi gian n 1/50 giy mi nhn bit c.
Tn hiu AC t b nhiu hn tn hiu DC, v vy chng thch hp vi khong
cch ln v mi trng nhiu (t).
Ngun AC kinh t hn.
Tn hiu AC thng c s dng trong cc thit b t ng hin hu.
i vi cc ng vo s, khi kt ni vi ngoi vi, ngoi tr cc trng hp c bit
th thng thng mi mt ng vo c kt ni vi mt b to tn hiu nh phn nh:
nt nhn, cng tc, cm bin tip cn.... Hnh 5.7a,b,c minh ha cch kt ni dy cc
ng vo PLC vi cc b to tn hiu nh phn khc nhau.
Cn lu n cc loi cm bin khi kt ni vi cc ng vo PLC.
Trong v d hnh 5.7a c 3 ng vo, mt l nt nhn thng h, hai l tip im
ca relay nhit, v ba l cm bin tip cn vi ng ra l relay. C ba b to tn hiu ny
c cung cp bi mt ngun 24VDC. Khi tip im h hoc cm bin pht tn hiu
0 th khng c in p ti cc ng vo. Nu cc tip im c ng li hoc cm bin
pht tn hiu 1 th ng vo c cp in.

Hnh 5.7: Kt ni ng vo vi ngoi vi

a. Nt nhn v cm bin c ng ra l relay ni vi ng vo loi sinking
b. Nt nhn v cm bin loi PNP ni vi ng vo loi sinking
c. Nt nhn v cm bin loi NPN ni vi ng vo loi sourcing
i vi cc ng vo ra ca CPU 214 DC/DC/DC, CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay theo s
tay c kt ni nh hnh 5.10 v hnh 5.11.
5.1.4.2 Kt ni cc ng ra s vi ngoi vi
Cc ng ra ca PLC c th c ch to l mt khi ring, hoc kt hp vi cc
ng ra chung trong mt khi hoc c tch hp trn khi CPU. Trong trng hp
no cng vy, cc ng ra cng phi c cung cp ngun ring vi cp in p ty thuc
vo loi ng ra. Cn lu trong mt khi ra cng nh cc ng ra c tch hp sn trn
CPU c th c cc nhm c cung cp ngun c lp nhau. V vy cn lu khi cp
ngun cho cc nhm ny. Ngun cung cp cho cc khi ra ca h S7-200 c th l:
Xoay chiu: 20...264 VAC , f = 47...63 Hz;
Mt chiu: 5...30 VDC i vi ng ra r le;
20.4 ... 28.8 VDC i vi ng ra transistor;
Cc khi ra tiu chun ca PLC thng c 8 n 32 ng ra theo cng loi v c
dng nh mc khc nhau. Ng ra c th l r le, transistor hoc triac. R le l ng ra
linh hot nht. Chng c th l ng ra AC v DC. Tuy nhin p ng ca ng ra r le
chm, gi thnh cao v b h hng sau vi triu ln ng ct. Cn ng ra transistor th ch
s dng vi ngun cung cp l DC v ng ra triac th ch s dng c vi ngun AC.
Tuy nhin p ng ca cc ng ra ny nhanh hn.
S mch in bn trong ca cc ng ra c cho nh hnh 5.8.
Cn ch khi thit k h thng c c hai loi ng ra AC v DC. Nu ngun
AC ni vo ng ra DC l transistor, th ch c bn k dng ca chu k in p c s

dng v do in p ra s b gim. Nu ngun DC c ni vi ng ra AC l triac th

khi c tn hiu cho ng ra, n s lun lun c in cho d c iu khin tt bng PLC.

Hnh 5.8: Mch in bn trong ca cc loi ng ra khc nhau

a) Ng ra transistor b) Ng ra relay c) Ng ra triac
i vi cc ng ra s, khi kt ni vi ngoi vi, ngoi tr cc trng hp c bit
th thng thng mi mt ng ra c kt ni vi mt i tng iu khin nhn tn hiu
nh phn nh: n bo, cun dy r le, chung bo . . . Hnh 5.9 minh ha cch kt ni
dy cc ng ra PLC vi cc c cu chp hnh. Hnh 5.9a l mt v d cho cc khi ra
s dng 24Vdc vi mass chung. Tiu biu cho loi ny l ng ra transistor. Trong v d
ny cc ng ra c kt ni vi ti cng sut nh l n bo v cun dy relay. Quan st
mch kt ni ny, n bo s dng ngun cung cp l 24Vdc. Nu ng ra .6 mc
logic 1 (24Vdc) th dng s chy t ng ra .6 qua n H1 v xung Mass (M), n
sng. Nu ng ra mc logic 0 (0V), th n H1 tt. Nu ng ra .4 mc logic 1 th
cun dy r le c in, lm tip im ca n ng li cung cp in 220 Vac cho ng c.
Hnh 5.9b l mt v d ng ra relay s dng ngun cp l 24 Vdc, v hnh 5.9c l v
d ng ra triac s dng ngun xoay chiu 24 Vac.
Mt ch quan trng khi kt ni cc ng ra cn tra cu s tay khi ng ra hin c
c c thng tin chnh xc trnh c nhng s c ng tic xy ra. Hnh 5.10 l v
d ca CPU 214 vi ngun cung cp DC, ng vo DC v ng ra DC c ni dy vi
ngoi vi (trch t s tay S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual). Ta nhn
thy mi mt nhm ng vo cng nh mt nhm ng ra v CPU c cung cp ngun
ring l 24 Vdc. Ngoi ra trn khi CPU cn c ngun ph 24 Vdc (n 280 mA) c th
c s dng cung cp cho cc cm bin hoc khi m rng.
Hnh 5.9: Kt ni dy ng ra PLC vi c cu chp hnh

Hnh 5.10: S ni dy CPU 214 DC/DC/DC vi ngun v ngoi vi

Hnh 5.11: S ni dy CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay vi ngun v ngoi vi

5.2 Kim tra vic kt ni dy bng phn mm
Mt cng vic quan trng cho ngi lp t v vn hnh l bit c cc kt ni
ca cc ng vo/ra vi ngoi vi c ng hay khng trc khi np chng trnh iu
khin vo CPU. Hoc khi mt h thng ang hot ng bnh thng nhng mt s c
h hng xy ra th cc phn ngoi vi no b h v pht hin n bng cch no. Cc phn
mm cho cc b iu khin bng PLC thng c trang b thm cng c kim tra vic
kt ni dy ng vo/ra vi ngai vi. Trong phn mm Step 7 Micro/Win (phn mm lp
trnh cho h S7-200) c trang b thm phn ny l mc Status Chart.
s dng phn mm tt hn hy xem thm chng Phn mm STEP 7Micro/Win v ngn ng lp trnh.
5.2.1 Status Chart
Chng ta c th s dng Status Chart c, ghi hoc cng bc cc bin trong
chng trnh theo mong mun. c th m Status Chart, ta nhp p chut vo biu
tng Status Chart
trong ca s Navigation Bar trn mn hnh Step 7Micro/Win32 hoc vo mc View Component Status Chart.
5.2.2 Gim st v thay i bin vi Status Chart

Hnh 5.9 ch mt v d v cch s dng Status Chart. c hay ghi cc bin

chng ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1: u tin trong ct Address ta nhp vo a ch hay tn k hiu ca mt
bin trong chng trnh ng dng m mun gim st hoc iu khin, sau n
ENTER. Lp li bc ny cho tt c cc bin c thm vo biu .
Bc 2: Nu bin l 1 Bit (v d:I, Q, hoc M), th kiu bin t ct Format l
bit. Nu bin l mt byte, word, hay double word th chn ct Format v nhp
p chut tm kiu bin mong mun.
Bc 3: xem gi tr hin hnh ca cc bin trong PLC trong biu , hy nhp
chut vo biu tng
hoc chn Debug Chart Status. chp c mt
gi tr ca cc bin ti thi im nhp chut s dng Debug Single Read hoc
nhp chut vo biu tng

Bc 4: dng vic gim st th nhp chut vo biu tng

hoc chn
Debug Chart Status.
Bc 5: thay i gi tr ca mt bin hoc nhiu bin, hy nhp gi tr mi
vo ct New Value cho cc bin mong mun v nhp chut vo biu tng
hoc chn Debug Write All ghi tt c cc gi tr ny vo cc bin tng ng
trong CPU.
Hnh 5.13: V d v status chart
5.2.3 Cng bc bin vi Status Chart
Trong mt s trng hp cn thit phi p buc mt ng vo hoc mt ng ra
hoc bt k mt bin no trong chng trnh theo mt gi tr mong mun cho ph hp
vi hon cnh hat ng hin ti ca h thng hoc kim tra cc li xy ra trong h
thng iu khin, ta c th s dng cng c cng bc bin (Force).
cng bc bin trong Status Chart vi mt gi tr xc nh, thc hin cc bc
sau:
Bc 1: Chn mt trong ct Address, vo a ch hay hay tn ca bin cn
cng bc.
Bc 2: Nu bin l 1 Bit (v d:I0.0, Q0.1), th kiu bin ct Format lun lun
l bit. Nu bin l mt byte, word, hay double word th chn ct Format v nhp
p chut tm kiu bin mong mun.
Bc 3: cng bc bin vi gi tr hin hnh, trc tin hy c gi tr hin
hnh trong PLC bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng
Chart Status.

hoc chn Debug

Nhp hoc cun cha gi tr hin hnh mun cng bc. Nhp chut vo biu
tng
hoc chn Debug Force trn v tr gi tr hin hnh cng bc
bin gi tr .
Bc 4: cng bc mt gi tr mi cho mt bin, nhp gi tr vo ct
New Value v nhp chut vo biu tng
hoc chn Debug Force .
Bc 5: xem gi tr hin hnh ca tt c cc bin b cng bc, kch chut
vo biu tng Read All Forced
hoc chn Debug Read All Forced.
Bc 6: cho tt c cc bin tr li trng thi bnh thng, hy kch chut vo
biu tng Unforce All

hoc chn Debug Unforce All.

Mun g b cng bc mt bin, hy chn bin mong mun v nhp chut vo

biu tng

hoc chn Debug Unforce.

5.2.4 ng dng Status Chart trong vic kim tra kt ni dy trong S7-200
Sau khi kt ni dy ngai vi vi cc ng vo/ra ca PLC, vic k tip l kim tra
li kt ni dy ny pht hin ra cc li kt ni. Mt cng c hu hiu l s dng
Status Chart. Lu khi kim tra kt ni dy:
i vi ng vo
Cc ng vo no c ni vi cc tip im thng ng hay tn hiu c mc logic
1 th cc ng vo c in p v n bo trng thi cc ng vo sng. Khi quan st
trong status chart, ta s nhn thy cc gi tr ny c mc logic 1.
Vic kim tra cc ng vo nn thc hin ln lt cho tng ng vo theo bng kt
ni dy vo/ra vi ngoi vi. C ngha l mi ln ta ch thay i trng thi ca mt
b to tn hiu (nt nhn, cm bin,...) v quan st trng thi ca ng vo c kt
ni vi n trong status chart.
Ghi chp li cc kt ni b sai v sa cha.
i vi ng ra
trng thi bnh thng khi cha c chng trnh th tt c cc ng ra ca PLC
u mc logic 0 (khng c in p) v n bo trng thi cc ng ra u tt.
Vic kim tra ni dy ng ra nn thc hin ln lt tng ng ra theo bng kt ni
dy bng cch cho ng ra mun kim tra ln mc lodic 1 trong status chart v
quan st trng thi ca ngoi vi c kt ni tng ng. Nu ngoi vi tng ng
c in chng t n c kt ni ng cn ngc li kt ni sai.
Ghi chp li cc kt ni sai v sa cha.
5.3 Cu hi v bi tp

BT 5.1: Ng vo ca PLC c th ng in cho cun dy r le iu khin mt

ng c c khng? Cc khi vo v khi ra ng vai tr g trong vic giao tip gia
PLC v thit b ngai vi?
BT 5.2: Cc khi m rng ng vo/ra c li ch g?
BT 5.3: iu g xy ra nu mt ng ra AC c cp ngun DC?
BT 5.4: Mt khi vo/ra m rng ca PLC h S7-200 loi EM223 gm c 8 ng vo
DC/8 ng ra rle. Cc ng vo c ni vi 4 nt nhn, 2 ng ra c ni vi mt
rle trung gian s dng ngun 24VDC dng ng mch cho mt contactor 220VAC
iu khin ng c 3 pha 220V/380V. 2 ng ra c ni vi 2 n bo 220VAC bo
chiu quay ca ng c. 2 ng ra c s dng cho cc van kh nn 24 VDC. Hy v
s ni dy cc ng vo v ra ny vi ngoi vi theo yu cu.
BT 5.5: Hy thit k mt d n c iu khin bng PLC. Trc khi t hng, cn
phi phc tho vic ni dy c bn v chn la cc loi PLC hoc khi vo/ra c cc ng
vo/ra tng ng. Cc thit b c s dng ni vi cc ng vo gm c: 2 cng tc
hnh trnh, 1 nt nhn thng h, 1 nt nhn thng ng v mt tip im nhit.
Ng ra s iu khin mt van solenoid 24VDC, mt n bo 110VAC v mt ng c
220VAC/50HP. Hy la chn loi PLC hoc mt khi vo/ra ph hp v kt ni dy theo
yu cu t ra.
BT 5.6: Hy phc tho s ni dy cho cc ng ra PLC theo yu cu c lit k
di y:
- Mt van kh nn c 2 cun dy solenoid
- Mt n bo 24VDC
- Mt n bo 120 VAC
- Mt ng c cng sut thp 12 VDC.

6. Phn mm Micro/Win v ngn ng lp trnh

6.1 Ci t phn mm STEP 7-Micro/WIN
STEP 7-Micro/WIN l mt phn mm lp trnh cho h PLC S7-200. Hin phin
bn ang c s dng l STEP 7-Micro/Win V4.0 Service Pack 6.
6.1.1 Yu cu h iu hnh v phn cng
My tnh c nhn PC, mun ci t c phn mm STEP 7-micro/WIN phi tha
mn nhng yu cu sau y:
Microsoft Windows 2000 Service Pack 3 hoc cao hn, Windows XP Home, hoc
Windows XP Professional.
C t nht 350 MB a cng cn trng
S dng ch ci t font ch nh phn gii mn hnh ti thiu l 1024x768
pixels.
Nu cha c cp kt ni my tnh vi PLC S7-200 th ta vn c th son tho
chng trnh ch offline v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh vi mt phn
mm m phng.
truyn thng vi S7-200, ta cn mt trong cc phn cng sau:

6.1.2

PC/PPI Cable kt ni CPU S7-200 vi PC qua cng USB

PC/PPI Cable kt ni CPU S7-200 vi PC qua cng RS232 (COM1 hoc COM2)
CP card (Communications processor) v cp MPI (multipoint interface).
EM241 modem
CP243-1 hoc CP243-1 IT Ethernet
Ci t phn mm
Thc hin theo cc bc sau:
1. ng tt c cc ng dng
2. Chn a CD STEP 7-Micro/Win vo a CD-Rom. Chng trnh s c t
ng ci t. Ta cng c th khi ng chng trnh ci t bng cch nhp p
chut vo file Setup.exe trn CD.
3. Sau s nhn c dn dn tng bc cc ch dn thao tc tip theo trn mn
hnh v hon thnh cng vic ci t.
4. Khi ci t xong, hp thoi set PG/PC Interface t ng xut hin. Kch
Cancel kt thc.
5. Ta cn khi ng li my hon tt vic ci t.
Sau khi ci t xong c th bt u son tho chng trnh nh phn mm STEP
7 Micro/WIN bng cch nhp p chut vo biu tng STEP 7 MicroWIN trn mn
hnh. Ch : Khi ci t phin phn STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 Sevice Pack 6 th trc tin
ta cn phi uninstall phin bn c v sau mi ci t c phin bn ny. Sau khi
download ta nhp p chut vo file STEP7-MicroWIN_V40_SP6.exe v thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Uninstall phin bn STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 bng cng c Control
panel trong Window (Menu Start Settings Control panel Add or Remove
program).
Bc 2: Khi ng li my tnh
Bc 3: Ci t STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 Service Pack (SP6) bng cch nhp p
chut vo file STEP7-MicroWIN_V40_SP6.exe.
6.2 Cc phn t c bn trong chng trnh PLC S7-200
Cc phn t c bn trong mt chng trnh PLC S7-200 l:
1. Chng trnh chnh (main program)
2. Chng trnh con (subroutine)
3. Chng trnh ngt (interrupt rountine)
4. Khi h thng (system block)
5. Khi d liu (data block)
6.2.1 Chng trnh chnh OB1 (main program)
y l phn khung ca chng trnh, cha cc lnh iu khin chng trnh ng
dng. Vi mt s chng trnh iu khin nh, n gin chng ta c th vit tt c cc
lnh trong khi ny. Chng trnh ng dng c x l bt u t chng trnh chnh,

cc lnh c x l ln lt t trn xung di v ch mt ln mi vng qut. Trong

S7-200 chng trnh c cha trong khi OB1.
6.2.2 Chng trnh con SUB (subroutine)
Cc lnh vit trong chng trnh con ch c th c x l khi chng trnh con
c gi (Call) t chng trnh chnh, t mt chng trnh con khc hoc t mt chng
trnh ngt. S dng chng trnh con khi chng ta mun phn chia nhim v iu khin.
Mi mt chng trnh con vit cho mt nhim v nh hoc khi c cc yu cu iu
khin tng t nhau (v d: iu khin bng ti 1, iu khin bng ti 2) th chng ta
ch cn to ra chng trnh con mt ln v c th gi ra nhiu ln t chng trnh chnh.
S dng chng trnh con c mt s u im sau:
Chng trnh iu khin c chia theo nhim v iu khin nn c cu trc r
rng, rt thun tin cho vic chnh sa hay kim tra chng trnh.
Gim thi gian vng qut ca chng trnh. CPU khng phi lin tc x l tt c
cc lnh ca chng trnh m ch x l chng trnh con khi c lnh gi tng ng.
Chng trnh con cho php gim cng vic son tho khi c cc yu cu iu khin
tng t nhau.
6.2.3 Chng trnh ngt INT(interrupt routine)
Chng trnh ngt c thit k s dng cho mt s kin ngt c nh ngha
trc. Bt c khi no s kin ngt xc nh xy ra, th S7-200 thc hin chng trnh ngt.
Chng trnh ngt khng c gi bi chng trnh chnh m theo s kin ngt xy
ra. Chng trnh ngt s ch c x l mi khi s kin ngt xy ra.
6.2.4 Khi h thng (system block)
System block cho php ta cu hnh cc ty chn phn cng khc nhau cho S7-200.
6.2.5 Khi d liu (data block)
Data block lu tr cc gi tr bin khc nhau (vng nh V) c s dng trong
chng trnh. Gi tr ban u ca cc d liu c th nhp vo trong khi d liu.
6.3 Ngn ng lp trnh
c th son tho chng trnh cho cc PLC S7-200, chng ta dng phn mm
Step7 MicroWin. V cng ging nh PLC ca cc hng khc, chng ta c 3 dng
son tho thng dng l dng LAD, FBD v STL. Vic chn dng son tho no
vit chng trnh iu khin l do ngi dng ty chn.
6.3.1 Dng hnh thang : LAD (Ladder logic)
dng son tho ny chng trnh c hin th gn ging nh s ni dy
mt mch trang b in dng cc relay v contactor. Chng ta xem nh c mt dng
in t mt ngun in chy qua mt chui cc tip im logic ng vo t tri qua
phi ti ng ra. Chng trnh iu khin c chia ra lm nhiu Network, mi mt
Network thc hin mt nhim v nh v c th. Cc Network c x l ln lt t
trn xung di v t tri sang phi.

Cc phn t ch yu dng trong dng son tho ny l:

Tip im khng o:
Tip im o:
Ng ra (hoc trng thi ni ca bin):
Cc hp chc nng (Box): cc chc nng c biu din dng hp nh cc php
ton s hc, nh thi, b m
V d:

Dng son tho ny c mt s u im:

D dng cho nhng ngi mi bt u lp trnh
Biu din dng ha d hiu v thng dng
Lun lun c th chuyn t dng STL sang LAD
6.3.2 Dng khi chc nng: FBD (Function Block Diagram)
Dng son tho FBD hin th chng trnh dng ha tng t nh s cc
cng logic. FBD khng s dng khi nim ng ngun cung cp tri v phi; do khi
nim dng in khng c s dng. Thay vo l logic 1. Khng c tip im
v cun dy nh dng LAD, nhng c cc cng logic v cc hp chc nng. Cc
cng logic nh AND, OR, XORs tng ng vi cc tip im logic ni tip hay song
song
V d:

u ra ca cc cng logic hay hp chc nng c th c s dng ni tip vi

u vo ca cc cng logic hay cc hp chc nng khc. Vi dng son tho ny c mt s
im chnh sau:
Biu din dng ha cc cng chc nng gip chng ta d c hiu theo trnh
t iu khin.
Lun c th chuyn t hin th dng FBD sang STL.
6.3.3 Dng lit k lnh: STL (StaTement List)
y l dng son tho chng trnh dng tp hp cc cu lnh. Ngi dng phi
nhp cc cu lnh t bn phm, gia lnh v ton hng (ton hng c th l a ch, d
liu) c khong trng v mi lnh chim mt hng. dng son tho ny s c mt s
chc nng m dng son tho LAD hay FBD khng c.

V d:

Dng san tho ny c mt s im chnh:

L dng san tho ph hp cho nhng ngi c kinh nghim lp trnh PLC.
STL cho php gii quyt mt s vn m i khi kh khn khi dng LAD hoc
FBD.
Lun lun c th chuyn t dng LAD hay FBD v dng STL nhng khi chuyn
ngc li t STL sang LAD hay FBD s c mt s phn t chng trnh khng
chuyn c.
6.4 Son tho chng trnh vi phn mm STEP7-Micro/Win V4.0 SP6
6.4.1 M mn hnh son tho chng trnh
m STEP 7--Micro/WIN, nhp p chut vo biu tng STEP 7-Micro/WIN
trn mn hnh desktop, hoc chn Start > SIMATIC > STEP 7 MicroWIN V4.0.
Giao din mn hnh c dng (hnh 6.1).
6.4.1.1 Vng son tho chng trnh
Vng son tho chng trnh cha chng trnh v bng khai bo bin cc b
ca khi chng trnh ang c m. Chng trnh con (vit tt l SUB) v chng
trnh ngt (vit tt l INT) xut hin cui ca s son tho chng trnh. Ty thuc
vo vic nhp chut mc no m ca s mn hnh son tho chng trnh tng ng s
c m.
6.4.1.2 Cy lnh
Cy lnh hin th tt c cc i tng ca d n v cc lnh vit chng trnh
iu khin. C th s dng phng php drag and drop (ko v th) tng lnh ring t
ca s cy lnh vo chng trnh, hay nhp p chut vo mt lnh m mun chn n
vo v tr con tr mn hnh son tho chng trnh.

Hnh 6.1: Mn hnh son tho chng trnh STEP 7-Micro/Win

6.4.1.3 Thanh chc nng
Thanh chc nng cha mt hm cc biu tng truy cp cc c im chng trnh
khc nhau ca STEP 7--Micro/WIN.

Program Block:
Nhp p chut vo biu tng ny m ra ca s son tho cc chng
trnh ng dng (OB1, SUB hoc INT)
Symbol Table:
Bng k hiu (Symbol table) cho php ngi dng m t cc a ch s dng
trong chng trnh di dng cc tn gi gi nh. iu ny gip cho vic c hiu
chng trnh d dng v khi vit chng trnh t b sai st do s
dng trng a ch.

Status Chart:

Bng trng thi (Status chart) cho php ngi dng gim st trng thi cc ng
vo v thay i trng thi tng ng ra. S dng bng trng thi kim tra ni dy phn
cng v xem ni dung cc vng nh.

Trong :
Ct Address: Cho php nhp a ch cc bin hay vng nh
Ct Format: Cho php chn dng d liu ca a ch
Ct Current Value: Hin th gi tr hin hnh ca a ch
Ct New Value: Cho php thay i trng thi ng ra hay ni dung vng nh

Data Block:
S dng Data Block nh mt vng nh t trc d liu cho cc bin thuc
vng nh V. C th to ra cc Data block khc nhau v t tn theo d lliu chng trinh.
V d:

Ca s son tho d liu:

y l khi chc nng h thng, khi m System Block chng ta c th ci t cc

chc nng nh:
Communication ports: Chn cc thng s truyn thng vi thit b khc nh
my tnh hay CPU khc.
Retentive Ranges: Chn cc vng nh v a ch s c thuc tnh retentive
Output Tables: Cho php thit lp cu hnh trng thi ON v OFF ca mi ng ra
s khi CPU chuyn t trng thi Run sang Stop.
Input filter: Cho php chn thi gian tr cho mt vi ng vo hoc tt c ng
vo s (t 0.2ms n 12.8 ms). Mc ch l gip chng nhiu vic ni dy ng
vo.
Pulse Catch Bits: Cho php thit lp mt ng vo bt ly s chuyn i trng
thi tn hiu rt nhanh. Ngay khi c chuyn i, gi tr ng vo s c cht cho
n khi c c bi chu k qut ca PLC.

 Background Time: Cho php thit lp lng thi gian PLC s dnh cho cc hot
ng nn trong ch RUN. c im ny c s dng ch yu iu khin
nh hng ca chu k qut khi x l trng thi v trong hot ng son tho
runtime.
EM Confuguration:
Cc module intelligent v a ch cu hnh tng ng
c nh ngha trong d n. Thng th STEP 7-Micro/WIN wizard t cc a
ch ny.
Configure LED: LED SF/DIAG (System Fault/Diagnostic) c th c chn sng
khi thc hin chc nng cng bc (Force) hoc xy ra li vo/ra (I/O).
Increase Memory: Tng b nh chng trnh bng cch khng cho son tho
ch RUN. i vi b nh D liu th khng th.
Password: Cho php t mt khu bo v chng trnh. C 4 cp ngi
dng ty chn theo bng sau:

M t chc nng
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
c v ghi d liu
Cho php Cho php Cho php
Start, Stop, khi ng truy cp
truy cp
truy cp
CPU
c v ghi ng h thi
gian
(Time-off-delay
clock)
Upload chng trnh, d
liu, cu hnh CPU
Download chng trnh,
Yu cu Yu cu
data block hoc system
Password Password
block
Son tho Runtine
Xa chng trnh, data
block
hoc
system
block.
Copy chng trnh, data
block hoc system block
vo card nh
Cng bc d liu trong
status chart

Level 4
Cho php truy cp

Khng bao gi cho

php
Yu cu Password
(khng bao gi cho
php vi system block)
Khng bao gi cho
php
Yu cu Password
(khng bao gi cho
php vi system block)
Yu cu Password

Ghi ng ra trng thi

stop
Xa tc qut trong
PLC information
Khng bao gi cho
php

So snh d n

Cross Reference:
Bng tham chiu cho bit nhng a ch vng nh no (Byte, bit, word hay
DWord, timer, counter) s dng v v tr (location) trong chng trnh cng nh
chc nng ca chng.
Mt v d bng cross reference c cho hnh 6.2. Ti ct Element, nhp p
vo a ch no th trnh son tho s m cho chng ta ca s chng trnh c cha
a ch tng ng. Vic ny gip cho chng ta d dng kim tra hay thay i a ch khi
c nhu cu.

Hnh 6.2: V d bng Cross Reference

Communication
v Set PG/PC
Cc biu tng ny khi kch hot s m ra hp thoi cho php chng ta ci t cc
giao tip vi my tnh nh: chn cng giao tip, a ch CPU, tc truyn. y l bc
cn thc hin khi bt u giao tip gia PLC vi my tnh.

Hnh 6.3: Ca s Communication

Hnh 6.4: Ca s Set PG/PC Interface.

6.4.2 Thanh cng c (Toolbar) trong STEP7-Micro/WIN
Trong phn mm c t sn nhiu cng c gip ngi lp trnh d dng trong vic
s dng. Cc cng c c ngha nh sau:

New Project (File menu): Khi ng mt d n mi

Open Project (File menu): M mt d n tn ti

Save Project (File menu): Lu d n
Print (File menu): In chng trnh v ti liu d n
Print Preview (File menu): Xem trc khi in
Cut (Edit menu): Ct phn chn v a vo clipboard
Copy (Edit menu): Copy phn c chn vo clipboard
Paste (Edit menu): Dn ni dung clipboard vo ca s c kch hot
Undo (Edit menu): Khi phc li phn b xa trc
Compile (PLC menu): Bin dch ca s c kch hot (Program Block
hoc Data Block)
Compile All (PLC menu): Bin dch tt c cc phn t d n (Program
Block, Data Block, and System Block)
Upload (File menu): Ly (Upload) cc phn t d n t PLC vo mn hnh
son tho chng trnh
Download (File menu): Np (download) cc phn t d n t STEP7MicroWin vo PLC
Option (Tools menu): Truy cp menu Options
RUN (PLC menu): t PLC ch RUN
STOP (PLC menu): t PLC ch STOP
Program Status (Debug menu): ON/OFF trng thi chng trnh trong
PLC
Pause Program Status (Debug menu): Dng ON/OFF trng thi chng
trnh trong PLC
Chart Status (Debug menu): ON/OFF hin th trng thi d liu trong bng
Status chart
Trend View (View menu): ON/OFF xem trng thi d liu trong PLC
dng th
Pause Trend View: Dng vic v th d liu
Single Read (Debug menu): S dng Single Read cp nht mt ln tt c
cc gi tr trong bng Status Chart
Write All (Debug menu): Ghi tt c cc gi tr ct New Value trong bng
Status Chart vo PLC
Force (Debug menu): Cng bc d liu PLC

Unforce For (Debug menu): G b cng bc d liu PLC

Unforce All (Debug menu): G b tt c cc cng bc trong bng Status
Chart
Read All Forced (Debug menu): c tt c cc gi tr cng bc trong
Status Chart
6.4.3. To d n STEP 7 Micro/Win
6.4.3.1 To d n mi
to mt d n mi trong STEP 7 Micro/Win, chn biu menu File New hoc biu
tng

trong Toolbar m hp thoi New cho php to mi mt d n (project).

Trong thanh chc nng, bm vo biu tng

hoc vo menu View
Component Program Editor m mn hnh son tho chng trnh (hnh 6.5).

Hnh 6.5: ng dn vo mn hnh son tho chng trnh

Cng trong menu View, ta c th chn ngn ng lp trnh l STL, Ladder hay
FBD theo mong mun.
son tho bng k hiu cho cc a ch ta bm vo biu tng
trong
thanh chc nng, hoc vo menu View Component Symbol Table. Sau c th
t k hiu cho cc a ch nh trnh by mc 6.4.1.3. Phn chi tit s c trnh by
trong chng php ton nh phn.
6.4.3.2 Lu d n
lu d n, nhp chut vo biu tng
, hoc vo menu File Save.
Ca s mn hnh xut hin nh hnh 6.6. Chn th mc cn cha d n, t tn d n v
nhp chut vo th Save lu d n

Hnh 6.6: Ca s mn hnh lu d n

6.4.3.3 M mt d n
m mt d n ang c sn, nhp chut vo biu tng
, hoc vo menu
File Open. Ca s mn hnh xut hin nh hnh 6.7. Chn th mc cha chng trnh
cn m, chn tn d n v sau nhp chut vo th Open.

Hnh 6.7: Ca s mn hnh lu d n cn m

6.4.4 Th vin
Th vin (Libraries) c s dng lu tr cc khi chng trnh con c truyn
tham s c s dng lp trnh. Cc khi c th copy vo trong mt th vin t mt
d n c sn hoc chng c th c to ra trc tip trong th vin c lp vi cc d
n.
Khi ci t STEP 7 Micro/WIN th cc khi cha c ci t vo trong th vin.
ci t th vin chun c th download th vin S7-200 t trang www.siemens.com
hoc s dng a phn mm STEP 7 Micro/WIN Add-on: STEP 7 Micro/WIN 32
Instruction Library, V1.1 (CD-ROM).
C th chn thm hoc xa b bt cc khi chng trnh trong th vin s dng
File Add/Remove Libraries v sau chn th Add chn khi chng trnh th
vin mong mun a vo th vin.

 m th vin, vo Cy Lnh chn mc Libraries, chn cc khi chng

trnh cn s dng. Vic to thm cc khi chng trnh con truyn tham s c s
dng lm th vin c th c to ra t File Create Library v chn chng
trnh con cn lm th vin.
6.4.5 H thng tr gip trong STEP 7 Micro/WIN
Trng hp gp kh khn trong lp trnh cng nh cn tm hiu r hn v mt
thng tin no trong phn mm ta c th s dng cng c tr gip. C nhiu cch khc
nhau m tr gip:
1. S dng menu Help Contents and Index kch hot tr gip chung.
2. S dng phm F1 tr gip theo ng cnh vi i tng c chn.

Hnh 6.8: Mn hnh tr gip

Th Content: Hin th danh sch cc ch tr gip
Th Index: Cho php truy cp thng tin tr gip bng vic hin th danh sch
cc thut ng theo th t alphabe.
Th Find: Cho php tm kim cc t c th v thut ng trong ch tr gip.
Khi nhp chut vo cc t c ni ln c mu xanh v gch chn (hotwords) s
xut hin cc tr gip chi tit hn.
6.4.6 Xa b nh CPU
Khi xa PLC th PLC phi t ch STOP v reset PLC theo chun nh my,
ngoi tr a ch PLC, tc truyn, v ng h thi gian (time-of-date clock). xa
chng trnh trong PLC thc hin nh sau:
1. Chn PLC Clear... th hp thoi Clear xut hin
2. Chn tt c cc mc chp nhn bng cch nhp OK.

3. Nu c password trong b nh PLC th hp thoi yu cu password xut

hin. xa password th nhp CLEARPLC vo hp thoi v tip tc hot ng
xa tt c.
6.4.7 M mt d n ang tn ti sn
M mt d n tn ti (tp tin c phn m rng .mwp) hay thnh phn ca d n v
bt u mt phn son tho mi bng cch s dng cc phng php sau:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Nhp chut vo biu tng Open Project

Chn menu lnh File Open.
n t hp phm Ctrl+O
M Windows Explorer v nhp p chut v tp tin c phn m rng .mwp.
M mt thnh phn d n bng cch nhp chut phi vo cc ghi ch trong cy
lnh (Instruction Tree). Chn Open m.
m cc d n c to vi cc phin bn trc ca STEP 7 Micro/WIN hay
STEP 7-Micro/DOS th nhp chut vo Open
hay chn File Open v chn tp
tin mong mun.
Ch :
- D n to bng cc phin bn trc ca STEP 7 Micro/WIN hay STEP 7
Micro/DOS c th cha mt hay nhiu cu trc logic m STEP 7 Micro/WIN V4.0 v
cao hn khng h tr. m c d n, ta phi s dng phin bn c to d n v
lu li d n theo th tc sau:
1. Chuyn mn hnh son tho sang STL.
2. Tt a ch theo k hiu.
3. Lu tp tin d n.
- Chng trnh to vi STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 s dng lnh AND c ng
vo n FBD, v c lu xem FBD, th khng th m c vi STEP 7
Micro/WIN V4.0. m cc d n ny vi STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0, d n trc
tin nn c chuyn sang xem STL v lu li dng ny.
- Khng th s dng lnh Open m mt d n trong PLC; Cc tp tin d n ch
c th m c nu n c lu tr trn PC hoc PG (thit b lp trnh)
- Vi phn mm STEP-7 Micro/WIN mi ln m ch c mt d n. V vy
mun m 2 d n ti cng mt thi im th phi chy hai ln STEP-7 Micro/WIN.
Khi m hai d n, ta c th copy cc phn t chng trnh ln nhau.
6.4.8 Kt ni truyn thng S7-200 vi thit b lp trnh
kt ni truyn thng S7-200 vi thit b lp trnh th cn phi c cp kt ni.
Vic kt ni truyn thng thc hin theo cc bc sau:
1. Nhp chut vo biu tng communication
vo View Component Communications

trong thanh chc nng hay

Hnh 6.9: Mn hnh thit lp truyn thng

2. Kim tra xem a ch ca cp PC/PPI trong hp thoi c c t l 0 cha?
Thng mc nh l 0.
3. Kim tra tham s mng (Network Parameters) v tc truyn
(Transmission Rate) c ng cha. Nu cha ng th nhp chut vo th
thit lp li giao tip gia PC v PLC.
4. Nhp p chut vo biu tng
tm trm S7-200 v mt biu
tng CPU cho trm S7-200 c kt ni s c hin th (v d biu tng
).
5. Chn S7-200 v nhp OK. Nu STEP 7--Micro/WIN khng tm ra CPU S7
200, kim tra vic t chnh cc tham s truyn thng v lp li bc ny.
6. Sau khi thit lp truyn thng vi S7-200, ta c th sn sng to v download
chng trnh vo CPU.
6.4.9 Ti d n t PLC
C th s dng biu tng trn toolbar hoc menu File ti (upload) chng
trnh t PLC v my tnh khi s dng phn mm STEP 7-Micro/WIN. Cn lu l PLC
c kt ni truyn thng vi thit b lp trnh.
6.4.9.1 Ti mt khi hoc ba khi
C th ti khi chng trnh (OB1, chng trnh con, chng trnh ngt), System
Block, v Data Block hay chn la mt trong ba khi ny t PLC v my tnh. Chng
trnh trong PLC khng cha cc a ch k hiu hay thng tin status chart. Do , ta
khng th ti mt bng Symbol Table hay Status Chart.
6.4.9.2 Ti vo mt d n mi hoc d n rng
ti chng trnh v my tnh th mt cch khng lm nh hng n cc
chng trnh ang m l ng n li v to mt d n mi, v d n mi l rng nn

khng th v tnh ph hy d liu. y l cch thc an ton ly khi chng trnh,

system block hoc thng tin data block. Nu mun ly s dng bng k hiu (symbol
table) hoc status chart c to cho d n ny, th c th m d n c mn hnh
STEP 7-Micro/WIN khc v copy cc thng tin ny vo d n c upload v.
6.4.9.3 Ti vo mt d n tn ti
y l mt cch vit tt c cc phn ca chng trnh hin hnh bng
chng trnh c np vo PLC trc .
6.4.9.4 Th tc ti d n t PLC v thit b lp trnh
thc hin ti, thc hin cc bc sau:
1. Trong STEP 7 Micro/WIN m mt d n gi cc khi s c upload t PLC.
Nu mun upload vo mt d n rng, chn File New hoc s dng biu
tng New Project
trn toolbar.
Nu mun upload vo mt d n tn ti, chn File Open hoc s dng biu
tng Open Project

trn toolbar.

2. Chn File > Upload hoc s dng biu tng Upload

trn toolbar khi
ng qu trnh upload.
3. Hp thoi Upload xut hin yu cu chn cc khi: program block, data block,
and system block. Hy chn cc khi mun Upload, v sau nhp OK.

Hnh 6.10: Hp thoi Upload

4. STEP 7-Micro/WIN hin th ch sau:

Hnh 6.11: Ch khi upload t PLC v thit b lp trnh

Nhn Yes chp nhn vic upload.
STEP 7-Micro/WIN hin th mt thng bo khi upload cc khi thnh cng t PLC
v thit b lp trnh hoc my tnh PC.
6.4.10 Np (download) mt d n vo PLC
Khi cho php kt ni truyn thng gia PC v PLC, ta c th download chng
trnh vo PLC. Cn lu rng khi download mt program block, data block hay system

block vo PLC th ni dung ca cc khi c download vo s vit ln cc khi hin

hnh trong PLC. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
1. Trc khi download vo PLC, cn phi kim tra xem PLC ch Stop cha
thng qua n bo STOP trn PLC. Nu cng tc chn ch trn PLC t v tr
TERM th ta c th chn PLC ch RUN hoc STOP t my lp trnh. Nu
PLC khng ch STOP, th nhp chut vo biu tng STOP
trong
toolbar hoc chn PLC STOP. Trong trng hp khng dng phn mm th
chuyn cng tc chn ch cho PLC v v tr STOP.
2. Nhp chut vo biu tng download
trong toolbar hoc chn File
Download. Hp Download xut hin.
3. Chn cc khi cn download. Thng thng l chn tt c.
4. Nhp OK bt u qu trnh download.
5. Nu download thnh cng, th mt hp thoi hin th thng bo: Download
Successful. Tip tc n bc 12.
6. Nu loi PLC c chn cho chng trnh trong STEP 7/Micro/WIN khng ph
hp vi PLC thc t, th mt hp thoi xut hin vi thng bo:
"The PLC type selected for the project does not match the remote PLC type.
Continue Download?".
7. t li loi PLC cho ph hp, chn No dng tin trnh downoad.
8. Chn PLC Type vo hp thoi chn loi PLC.
9. C th chn ng loi PLC theo danh sch trong mc

ca hp thoi. Hoc nhp chut vo th

STEP 7-Micro/WIN t ng tm ng loi PLC ang
kt ni.
10. Nhp OK chp nhn loi PLC v ng hp thoi.
11. Khi ng li qu trnh download bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng
download
trong toolbar hay chn File Download.
12. Ngay khi download thnh cng, ta phi chuyn PLC t STOP sang RUN trc
khi PLC c th thc hin chng trnh. Nhp chut vo biu tng RUN
trong toolbar hay chn PLC RUN chuyn PLC sang ch RUN khi cng
tc chn ch cho PLC v tr TERM. Trng hp s dng cng tc th
chuyn t v tr STOP sang RUN.
6.4.11 Thit lp cu hnh chung cho phn mm (menu option v customize)
6.4.11.1 Menu Option
C th nh ngha mt ng dn mc nh n mt th mc tp tin xc nh
m v lu cc d n STEP 7-Micro/WIN. Ta s dng menu lnh Tools Options.

Ngoi ra, truy cp trc tip Option cho tng thnh phn trong cy lnh
(Instruction tree) th tr chut vo thnh phn mong mun v nhp chut phi, sau
chn mc option.

Hnh 6.12: Ca s Options

General Options
- Th General: Chn th ny la chn Program Editor, Mnemonic Set,
Programming Mode, Language, v Regional Settings(Measurement System, Time
Format, and Date Format) mc nh.
- Th Defaults: Chn th ny t v tr tp tin v loi PLC mc nh cho cc d
n mi. Ta cng c th chn thm System Symbol Table cho tt c cc d n mi.
- Th Colors: Chn th ny gn Font v Color cho cc ca s khc nhau.
Program Editor Options
- Th Program Editor: Chn th ny nh kch thc, hin th v font ca ca
s son tho chng trnh. Chn trng thi hin th bn trong hay bn ngoi lnh. Cu
hnh a ch theo k hiu. Ta cng c th chn cho php son tho ton t sau khi
t mt lnh v nh dng t ng bt k m lnh STL c nhp vo.
- Th STL Status: Chn th ny ty bin cch thc m Program Status
c trnh din STL. Ta c th thay i cc t chnh sau: Watch Values, Operands,
Logic Stack, Instruction Status Bits.
Other Options
- Th Symbol Table: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v kch
thc ca bng k hiu (symbol table). Ta c th chn hin th cc k hiu trng nhau,
khng c s dng.
- Th Status Chart: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v kch
thc ca status chart. Cng c th thit lp vic nh a ch theo k hiu.
- Th Data Block: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v kch thc v
rng ca data block.

- Th Cross Reference: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v kch

thc ca bng cross reference. Cng c th thit lp vic nh a ch theo k hiu.
- Th Output Window: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v kch
thc ca output window.
- Th Instruction Tree: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v kch
thc ca Instruction Tree (cy lnh). Ta cng c th chn cho php t ng xp li
ca instruction tree.
- Th Navigation Bar: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v kch
thc ca navigation bar.
- Th Print: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v kch thc ca cc
d n mun in.
6.4.11.2 Menu Custommize
Menu custommize cho php ta thay i s xut hin ni dung trong toolbar
v thm vo cc cng c c s dng thng xuyn vo menu Tools.

Hnh 6.13: Ca s custommize.

Chn menu lnh Tools Customize thit lp cc la chn sau:
- Th Commands: Cho php thay i s xut hin cc ni dung ca toolbars.
- Th Add-On Tools: Cho php thm vo cc cng c c s dng thng
xuyn vo menu Tools.
Thay i s xut hin:
- Chn Show Tooltips nu mun cc nt nhn hin th cc thng tin v n khi con
tr chut dng trn nt nhn.
- Chn Show Flat Buttons nu mun cc nt nhn xut hin dng phng thay v
xut hin dng 3-D.

 Di chuyn mt nt nhn:
- Chn mt toolbar t hp danh sch Category hin th cc nt nhn ca
toolbar . di chuyn mt nt nhn t toolbar mc nh sang toolbar khc, th chn
tn ca toolbar cha nt nhn cn di chuyn t hp danh sch Category. Ko nt nt nhn
mong mun trong vng nt nhn ra vng toolbar thm n vo toolbar.
- loi b mt nt nhn trn toolbar, ko nt nhn trn toolbar v b vo vng
nt nhn ca hp thoi Customize.
Th Add-On Tools: Thm mt cng c vo menu Tools.
c im ny c d nh tit kim thi gian i vi cc cng c c s
dng thng xuyn. thm mt cng c, nhp vo th Add-On Tools, nhp vo nt
, v in vo cc vng di:
Bt k lnh c yu cu c bt u v kt thc bi du ngoc kp khi nhp
vo vng command (v d: "xxx xxx").
- Menu Text: Chn mt tn nhn dng cng c trn menu Tools.
- Command: Cung cp tn tp tin ca chng trnh cng c hay bat. file.
- Arguments: Cung cp cc ch dng lnh s dng bi tp tin *.exe.
- Initial Directory: Cung cp ng dn th mc ang m cho cng c. S dng
nt

tm cc tp tin v th mc.
Khi thm vo mt cng c thnh cng, trong menu Tools xut hin cng c

thm.
6.4.12 Son tho chng trnh
Trc khi son tho chng trnh, cc bc sau y cn phi hon thnh:
Kt ni gia PLC v my tnh
Kt ni dy ng cc ng vo v ra vi ngoi vi
Trng hp khng c PLC, th ta ch c th son tho chng trnh v lu tr li.
Cn nu mun kim tra th cn phi c phn mm m phng S7-200. Cc bc son
tho mt d n mi:
1. M mn hnh son tho chng trnh
2. Nhp bng k hiu
3. Nhp chng trnh
4. Lu chng trnh
5. Download chng trnh vo CPU.
6. t CPU ch RUN.
7. Tm li v chnh sa chng trnh.
hiu c phn mm STEP 7-Micro/WIN d dng, chng ta nn vit mt v d
n gin c cho hnh 6.14 v bng thit lp vo/ra cho bng 6.1. Do mi bt u,
ta nn vit chng trnh dng LAD, ri sau c th xem dng FBD hay STL.
Bng 6.1: Bng xc nh kt ni dy vo/ra vi ngoi vi

Hnh 6.14: Son tho mt chng trnh mi

Cc bc thc hin:
Bc 1: M mn hnh son tho chng trnh
Nhp chut vo biu tng Program Block m mn hnh son tho chng
trnh (hnh 6.15). Ch ca s cy lnh (instruction tree) v vng son tho chng
trnh. S dng cy lnh chn cc lnh c biu din dng LAD vo cc networks
ca mn hnh son tho chng trnh bng cch ko v th cc lnh t cy lnh vo cc
networks.
c th nhp y cc ch thch (comment), th cn hin th cc ch thch
trong mn hnh son tho chng trnh. Vo View POU Comment hin th dng
ch thch tiu chng trnh v View Network comments hin th dng ch
thch ca tng network.

Vng son tho chng trnh

Cy lnh

Hnh 6.16: Mn hnh son tho chng trnh

Bc 2: Nhp bng k hiu
Nhp chut vo biu tng Symbol Table
m mn hnh son tho bng
k hiu (hnh 6.17).
Nhp cc thng tin (ch khng du) bng 6.1 vo bng Symbol Table. Vi:
Ct k hiu tng ng vi ct Symbol.
Ct a ch tng ng vi ct Address.
Ct ch thch tng ng vi ct comment.

Hnh 6.17: Mn hnh son tho bng k hiu

Sau khi nhp xong, ta c bng k hiu nh hnh 6.18.

Hnh 6.18: Bng k hiu cc phn t trong chng trnh

Trong qu trnh lp trnh c th pht sinh thm cc a ch mi. Khi pht sinh thm
a ch mi, ta nn b sung a ch vo trong bng k hiu d dng cho qu trnh
tm v x l li sau ny.
Bc 3: Nhp chng trnh
Nhp chut vo biu tng Program Block
m li mn hnh son tho
chng trnh (hnh 6.15).
Nhp Network 1: Dong co quay thuan
Khi n nt nhn S_Right (I0.0), th tip im I0.0 ng, nt nhn S_Stop l thng
ng nn ng vo I0.2 lun lun c in hay tip im I0.2 cng ng, v bnh thng
ng ra Q0.1 cng khng c in (0) nn tip im ny cng ng. Kt hp 3 tip im
ny s c dng in cung cp cho cun dy Q0.0 (ni vi K1). Contactor K1 c in
ng tip im ng lc ca n cp ngun cho ng c quay thun. Tip im Q0.0
(song song I0.0) ng duy tr dng cung cp cho Q0.0 khi nt nhn S_Right h ra.
Nhp cc dng ch thch nh cho trong hnh 6.14. Nhp cc tip im nh sau:
1. Nhp p chut vo hnh tng Bit Logic
hoc nhp chut vo du
cng (+) ca s cy lnh hin th cc lnh trong bit logic.
2. Chn tip im Normally Open
.
3. Gi chut tri v ko tip im vo network u tin.
4. Nhp chut vo ??? trn tip im v nhp vo a ch: I0.0 v sau nhn
phm Enter.
5. Chn tip im Normally Closed

v nhp a ch I0.2

6. Chn tip im Normally Closed

v sau nhp vo a ch Q0.1

7. Chn cun dy Output

v nhp vo ??? a ch Q0.0

Ch : khi g cc a ch I0.0, I0.2, Q0.0, Q0.1 c th ta s nhn c kt qu l cc

a ch theo k hiu. hin li cc a ch tuyt i ta b kch hot View Symbolic
Addressing.
R nhnh Network 1.

1. Tng t chn tip im Normally Open

gi chut tri v ko tip im
vo v tr con tr chut (hnh 6.18) v t tn Q0.0.

Hnh 6.18: R nhnh network

2. con tr chut v tr nh hnh 6.19a v nhp chut vo biu tng line up
kt thc (hnh 6.19b).

Hnh 6.19: R nhnh network

Nhp network 2: Dong co quay trai
Tng t nh network 1.
Bc 4: Lu chng trnh
Sau khi nhp hai network lnh, ta nhp xong chng trnh. Khi lu chng
trnh, ta to mt d n bao gm loi CPU S7-200 v cc tham s khc. lu mt d
n, thc hin nh sau:
1. Chn File Save As
2. Nhp vo tn ca d n trong hp thoi Save As
3. Nhp OK lu d n.
Bc 5: Download chng trnh vo CPU
Sau khi lu d n, ta c th download chng trnh vo S7-200.
Mi d n c lin kt vi mt loi CPU (CPU 221, CPU 222, CPU 224,
CPU 224XP, hoc CPU 226). Nu kiu d n khng ph hp vi CPU ang kt ni, th
STEP 7--Micro/WIN bo li khng tng thch v cc ng dn ta tip tc cng vic.
Nu iu ny xy ra, chn Continue Download.
Thc hin download chng trnh nh sau:
1. Nhp chut vo biu tng Download
Download download chng trnh.

trn toolbar hoc chn File

2. Nhp OK download cc phn t chng trnh vo S7-200. Nu S7-200 ch

RUN, mt hp thoi xut hin yu cu bn t S7-200 ch STOP. Nhp
chut vo Yes t S7-200 ch STOP.
Bc 6: t S7-200 ch RUN
i vi phn mm STEP 7-Micro/WIN t CPU S7-200 vo ch RUN, th
cng tc chn ch ca S7-200 phi c t v tr TERM hoc RUN. Khi t S7-200
ch RUN, th S7-200 thc hin chng trnh:
1. Nhp chut vo biu tng RUN
trn toolbar hoc chn PLC > RUN.
2. Nhp OK chuyn ch hot ng ca S7-200.
3. Khi S7-200 i vo ch RUN th n RUN trn PLC sng.
Bc 7: Tm li v chnh sa chng trnh
Sau khi CPU ch RUN, ta c th kim tra li chng trnh bng cch n
cc nt nhn S_Right, S_Stop, S_Left v quan st cc n LED Q0.0 v Q0.1.
Nu n nt nhn S_Right, th n LED Q0.0 sng.
n nt S_Stop, th n LED Q0.0 tt.
n nt S_Left, th n Q0.1 sng.
n nt S_Stop, th n LED Q0.1 tt.
Nu vic kim tra khng t c kt qu nh m t, th c th gim st chng
trnh bng cch chn Debug Program Status hoc nhp chut vo biu tng
.
Da vo trng thi ca cc tip im v cc cun dy trong chng trnh m c th tm ra
cc li v chnh sa cho ph hp vi yu cu cng ngh.
dng chng trnh, t S7-200 v ch STOP bng cch nhp chut vo
biu tng STOP hoc chn PLC STOP.

7. Cc php ton logic

7.1. Ngn xp (Logic stack)
PLC S7-200 s dng mt ngn xp gm 9 bit, chng c s dng cho cc cu
lnh m d liu l dng bit. Khi vit chng trnh bng ngn ng STL th lp trnh vin
cn hiu r v phng thc hot ng ca cc bit trong ngn xp. Cc thut ton lin
quan n ngn xp ch lm vic vi bit u v bit th hai ca ngn xp. Khi thc hin
php ton kt hp hai bit u tin ca ngn xp th ngn xp c ko ln mt bit. Cu
trc ca ngn xp c biu din di y:
S0
Stack 0 Bit u tin hay bit trn cng ca ngn xp
S1
Stack 0 Bit th hai ca ngn xp
S2
Stack 0 Bit th ba ca ngn xp
S3
Stack 0 Bit th t ca ngn xp
S4
Stack 0 Bit th nm ca ngn xp
S5
Stack 0 Bit th su ca ngn xp
S6
Stack 0 Bit th by ca ngn xp
S7
Stack 0 Bit th tm ca ngn xp
S8
Stack 0 Bit th chn ca ngn xp
Trong 9 ngn xp, Stack 0 l ngn xp quan trng nht. Gi tr logic ca Stack 0 s
l kt qu ca php ton logic. Hay ni khc i, sau mt php ton logic nh phn th kt
qu ca php ton s c lu Stack 0. Nu gi tr logic Stack 0 c gi tr l 0 th
kt qu thu c l 0, tng t nu c gi tr l 1 th kt qu thu c l 1.
Ngoi ra, gi tr logic 1 ca Stack 0 cn l iu kin bt buc cho vic thi hnh
i vi mt s lnh.
7.2. Cc lnh logic c bn
Mt vn quan trng i vi ngi mi lm quen vi chng trnh PLC vit
di dng ngn ng LAD l vic xc nh ng trng thi cc loi tip im, c bit l
cc tip im ng vo.
Cc cm bin, cng tc hoc nt n thng c hai dng l thng ng (NCNormal Closed) hoc thng m (NO-Normal Opened). V cc ng vo s c ni vi
cc i tng ny nn cc tip im trong chng trnh, ty theo trng hp cng s c
dng tng ng.
Tip im thng m
Tip im thng m s ng li khi gi tr ca bit c a ch l ??? bng 1.
Tip im thng ng
Tip im thng ng s m ra khi gi tr ca bit c a ch ??? bng 0.
Ngn ng
LAD
FBD

K hiu

STL

c th hiu r bn cht ca tip im thng m v tip im thng ng chng ta

hy quan st hnh nh sau v a ra cu tr li cho cu hi.

(a). iu g xy ra i vi bng n H1, H2 khi cha tc ng n nt n NO v NC?

(b). iu gi xy ra i vi bng n H1 khi n nt NO?
(c). iu g xy ra i vi bng n H2 khi n nt NC?
1. Lnh lin kt logic
1.1. Lnh vo/ra
Lnh LOAD (LD):
Lnh LD np gi tr logic ca mt tip im vo trong bit u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi
tr cn li ca ngn xp b y li xung mt bit.
Ton hng: I, Q, M, SM, V, C, T.
Lnh LOAD NOT (LDN):
Lnh LDN np gi tr logic ca mt tip im vo trong bit u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi
tr cn li trong ngn xp b y li xung mt bit.
Ton hng: I, Q, M, SM, V,C,T.
Lnh OUTPUT (=):
Lnh sao chp ni dung ca bit u tin trong ngn xp vo bit c ch nh trong lnh.
Ni dung ngn xp khng b thay i.
Ton hng bao gm: I, Q, M, SM, T, C (bit).

Lnh nhn bit cnh ln (EU) s t gi tr logic 1 vo bit

u tin ca ngn xp trong mt chu k qut chng trnh khi
pht hin s chuyn trng thi t 0 ln 1 ca tn hiu u
vo.
Lnh nhn bit cnh xung (ED) s t gi tr logic 1 vo bit
u tin ca ngn xp trong mt chu k qut ca chng
trnh khi pht hin s chuyn trng thi t 1 xung 0 ca tn
hiu u vo.

AND
AND NOT
OR
OR NOT

II. Phn thc hnh

Bi 1: Mt ng c in KB 3 pha c iu khin bng PLC S7-200 CPU224
AC/DC/RLY. Khi n nt S1 (NO-thng h) th ng c s chy v n bo H1 mu
xanh sng. Khi n nt S0 (NC-thng ng) th ng c s dng, n bo H2 mu
sng, S1 tt. Khi xy ra s c qu dng lm cho tip im thng ng OL ca r le nhit
ngt ra th ng c dng.
(a). Lp bng k hiu vo/ra cho PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY?
(b). V s kt ni u vo/ra vi PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY?
(c). V s kt ni mch ng lc cho ng c in KB 3 pha?
(d). Vit chng trnh iu khin ng c in KB 3 pha theo yu cu ca bi
dng phn mm Step 7 MicroWIN 4.0?
(e). Nu thay i nt n S0 t thng ng thnh thng m v tip im thng
ng ca rle nhit RN thnh tip im thng m th chng trnh iu khin phi thay
i nh th no?
Gii:

(a). Bng k hiu u vo/ra cho PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY

(b). S ni dy PLC vi cc thit b vo/ra vi PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY

(c). S kt ni mch ng lc cho ng c in KB 3 pha M

(d). Chng trnh iu khin

(e). Khi thay i nt n S0 t thng ng thnh thng m v tip im thng

ng ca rle nhit RN thnh tip im thng m th chng trnh thay i nh sau:

Bi 2: Mt ng c in KB 3 pha c iu khin bi PLC S7-200 CPU 224. Khi n

nt m thun T (NO-thng h) th ng c M quay thun v n H1 sng bo ng c
quay thun. Khi n nt m ngc N (NO-thng m) th ng c M quay ngc v n
H2 sng bo ng c quay ngc. ng c c th dng bt c lc no nu n nt dng D
(NC-thng ng) hoc ng c xy ra s c qu dng lm cho tip im thng ng
ca rle nhit RN tc ng, khi ng c dng th n H3 sng bo ng c dng. Lu ,
khi ng c ang chay thun hay ngc nu mun o chiu quay th phi thng qua nt
n dng D.
(a). Lp bng k hiu vo/ra cho PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY?
(b). V s kt ni u vo/ra vi PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY?
(c). V s kt ni mch ng lc cho ng c in KB 3 pha?

(d). Vit chng trnh iu khin ng c in KB 3 pha theo yu cu ca bi

dng phn mm Step 7 MicroWIN 4.0?
(e). Nu thay i nt n dng D t thng ng thnh thng m v tip im
thng ng ca rle nhit RN thnh tip im thng m th chng trnh iu khin
phi thay i nh th no?
(f). Trong thc t nu mun o chiu quay trc tip th chng ta phi lm th
no?
Gii:
(a). Bng k hiu vo/ra cho PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY

(b). S kt ni u vo/ra vi PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY

(c). S kt ni mch ng lc cho ng c in KB 3 pha M

(d). Chng trnh iu khin

(e). Khi thay i nt n dng D t thng ng thnh thng m v tip im

thng ng ca rle nhit RN thnh thng m th chng trnh thay i nh sau

(f). Mun o chiu quay trc tip th chng ta phi kha cho nt n quay thun
v nt n quay ngc trn phn cng v c trn phn mm.

Bi 3: Hai ng c in KB 3 pha c iu khin bng PLC S7-200 CPU224

AC/DC/RLY theo nguyn l chy trc dng sau. Khi n nt S0 (NO-thng m) th
ng c M1 hot ng v n H1 sng. Sau khi ng c M1 chy n nt S1 (NO-thng
m) th ng c M2 hot ng v n H2 sng. Khi n nt S2 (NC-thng ng) th
ng c M2 dng hot ng trc. Sau n nt S3 (NC-thng ng) th ng c M1
dng. Ngoi ra, khi mt trong hai ng c qu dng th tip im thng ng ca rle
nhit RN1 hoc RN2 tc ng lm cho hai ng c dng.
(a). Lp bng k hiu vo/ra cho PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY?
(b). V s kt ni u vo/ra vi PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY?
(c). V s kt ni mch ng lc cho ng c in KB 3 pha M1 v M2?
(d). Vit chng trnh iu khin ng c in KB 3 pha theo yu cu ca bi
dng phn mm Step 7 MicroWIN 4.0?
(e). Nu thay i nt n S2, S3 t thng ng thnh thng m v tip im
thng ng ca rle nhit RN1, RN2 thnh tip im thng m th chng trnh iu
khin phi thay i nh th no?
(f). Nu s dng PLC S7-200 CPU224 DC/DC/DC th chng ta phi thay i kt
ni dy ng ra PLC nh th no cho ph hp?
Gii:
(a). Bng k hiu vo/ra cho PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY

(b). S kt ni u vo/ra vi PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY

(c). S kt ni mch ng lc cho ng c in KB 3 pha

(d). Chng trnh iu khin

(e). Khi thay i nt n S2, S3 t thng ng thnh thng m v tip im

thng ng ca rle nhit RN1, RN2 thnh tip im thng m th chng trnh iu
khin phi thay i nh sau:

(f). Khi s dng PLC S7-200 CPU224 DC/DC/DC th chng ta phi s dng rle
trung gian ni vi PLC gin tip iu khin cc contactor iu khin ng c M1, M2

 hnh trn chng ta s dng rle trung gian K3, K4 ni vi PLC S7-200 CPU224
DC/DC/DC iu khin gin tip contactor K1 v K2 iu khin 2 ng c M1, M2
nh hnh sau:

Bi 4: Hai ng c in KB 3 pha c iu khin bng PLC S7-200 CPU224

AC/DC/RLY theo nguyn l chy trc dng trc. Khi n nt S0 (NO-thng m) th
ng c M1 hot ng v n H1 sng. Sau khi ng c M1 hot ng n nt S1 (NOthng m) th ng c M2 hot ng v n H2 sng. Khi n nt S2 (NC-thng ng)
th ng c M1 dng hot ng trc. Sau n nt S3 (NC-thng ng) th ng c
M2 dng. Nu trong qua trnh ng c M1, M2 hot ng n nt S4 th 2 ng c dng.
Ngoi ra, khi mt trong hai ng c qu dng th tip im thng ng ca rle nhit
RN1 hoc RN2 tc ng lm cho hai ng c dng.
(a). Lp bng k hiu vo/ra cho PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY?
(b). V s kt ni u vo/ra vi PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY?
(c). V s kt ni mch ng lc cho ng c in KB 3 pha M1 v M2?
(d). Vit chng trnh iu khin 2 ng c in KB 3 pha theo yu cu ca
bi dng phn mm Step 7 MicroWIN 4.0?

(e). Nu thay i nt n S2, S3, S4 t thng ng thnh thng m v tip im

thng ng ca rle nhit RN1, RN2 thnh tip im thng m th chng trnh iu
khin phi thay i nh th no?
(f). Nu s dng PLC S7-200 CPU224 DC/DC/DC th chng ta phi thay i kt
ni dy ng ra PLC nh th no cho ph hp?
Gii:
(a). Bng k hiu vo/ra cho PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY

(b). S kt ni u vo/ra vi PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY

(c). S kt ni mch ng lc cho ng c in KB 3 pha M1 v M2

(d). Chng trnh iu khin

(e). Nu thay i nt n S2, S3, S4 t thng ng thnh thng m v tip im

thng ng ca rle nhit RN1, RN2 thnh tip im thng m th chng trnh iu
khin phi thay i nh sau:

(f). Khi s dng PLC S7-200 CPU224 DC/DC/DC th chng ta phi s dng rle
trung gian ni vi PLC gin tip iu khin cc contactor iu khin ng c M1, M2

hnh trn chng ta s dng rle trung gian K3, K4 ni vi PLC S7-200 CPU224
DC/DC/DC iu khin gin tip contactor K1 v K2 iu khin 2 ng c M1, M2
nh hnh sau:

Bi 5: Hai ng c in KB 3 pha c iu khin bng PLC S7-200 CPU224

AC/DC/RLY theo trnh t. Khi n nt S0 (NO-thng m) th ng c M1 hot ng v
n H1 sng. Sau khi ng c M1 hot ng n nt S1 (NO-thng m) th ng c M2
hot ng v n H2 sng. Khi n nt S2 (NC-thng ng) th ng c M2 dng hot
ng. Hai ng c c th dng bt c lc no khi n nt S3 (NC-thng ng) hoc tip
im thng ng rle nhit RN1 hoc RN2 tc ng. Lu , ng c M2 ch hot ng
khi ng c M1 hot ng
(a). Lp bng k hiu vo/ra cho PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY?
(b). V s kt ni u vo/ra vi PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY?
(c). V s kt ni mch ng lc cho ng c in KB 3 pha M1 v M2?
(d). Vit chng trnh iu khin 2 ng c in KB 3 pha theo yu cu ca
bi dng phn mm Step 7 MicroWIN 4.0?
(e). Nu thay i nt n S2, S3 t thng ng thnh thng m v tip im
thng ng ca rle nhit RN1, RN2 thnh tip im thng m th chng trnh iu
khin phi thay i nh th no?
(f). Nu s dng PLC S7-200 CPU224 DC/DC/DC th chng ta phi thay i kt
ni dy ng ra PLC nh th no cho ph hp?
Gii:
(a). Bng k hiu vo/ra cho PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY

(b). S kt ni u vo/ra vi PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY

(c). S kt ni mch ng lc cho ng c in KB 3 pha M1 v M2

(d). Chng trnh iu khin

(e). Khi thay i nt n S2, S3 t thng ng thnh thng m v tip im

thng ng ca rle nhit RN1, RN2 thnh tip im thng m th chng trnh iu
khin phi thay i nh sau:

(f). Khi s dng PLC S7-200 CPU224 DC/DC/DC th chng ta phi s dng rle
trung gian ni vi PLC gin tip iu khin cc contactor iu khin ng c M1, M2

 hnh trn chng ta s dng rle trung gian K3, K4 ni vi PLC S7-200 CPU224
DC/DC/DC iu khin gin tip contactor K1 v K2 iu khin 2 ng c M1, M2
nh hnh sau:

Bi 6: Ba ng c in KB 3 pha c iu khin bng PLC S7-200 CPU224

AC/DC/RLY mt cch lun phin nhau. Khi n nt S0 (NO-thng m) th ng c M1
hot ng v n H1 sng. Sau n nt S1 (NO-thng m) th ng c M1 dng,
ng c M2 hot ng v n H2 sng. Tip na n nt S2 (NO-thng m) th ng c
M2 dng, ng c M3 hot ng v n H3 sng. Khi n nt S3 (NC-thng ng) th
bt c ng c no ang hot ng u dng li.

Bi: Mt ng c in KB 3 pha c iu khin o chiu quay v hm ng nng

bng PLC S7-200 CPU224 AC/DC/RLY. Khi n nt T (NO-thng m) th ng c M s
quay thun v n H1 sng. Khi ng c M ang quay thun mun cho ng c quay
ngc th trc tin n nt dng D (NC-thng ng) sau n nt N (NO-thng m)
th ng c s quay ngc v n H2 sng. n nt D, ng c M dng, ng thi
contactor H c ng in thc hin qu trnh hm, rle thi gian T cng c cp in
bt u m thi gian. Sau mt khong thi gian m ca rle thi gian T tc ng lm
mt in ton b.

Bi 1: S dng phn mm Simatic S7-200 lp trnh iu khin mch in qung co gm

8 n theo yu cu sau:
- n nt M h thng n sng dn t tri qua phi (t Q0.0 n Q0.7) ri tt hn
v t ng lp li.
- Chu trnh lp li 8 ln ri dng hn mun hot ng li nhn 1 nt bt k
(Reset).
- n D th h thng n dng hn.
Sinh vin phi thc hin cc phn sau:
1. Xc nh a ch vo/ra (Input/Output).
2. V gin thi gian.
3. V s kt ni vi PLC.
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin di dang LAD hoc STL.

Bi 2: S dng phn mm Simatic S7-200 lp trnh iu khin mch in qung co gm

8 n theo yu cu sau:
- n nt M h thng n sng dn t tri qua phi (t Q0.0 n Q0.7) ri tt dn
t tri qua phi v t ng lp li.
- Chu trnh lp li 5 ln ri dng hn mun hot ng li nhn 1 nt bt k
(Reset).
- n nt D th h thng n dng hn.
Sinh vin phi thc hin cc phn sau:
1. Xc nh a ch vo/ra (Input/Output).
2. V gin thi gian.
3. V s kt ni vi PLC.
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin di dang LAD hoc STL.

Bi 3: S dng phn mm Simatic S7-200 lp trnh iu khin mch in qung co gm

8 n theo yu cu sau:
- n nt M h thng n sng dn t tri qua phi (t Q0.0 n Q0.7) ri tt dn
t phi qua tri v t ng lp li.
- Chu trnh lp li 5 ln ri dng hn mun hot ng li nhn 1 nt bt k
(Reset).
- n nt D th h thng n dng hn.
Sinh vin phi thc hin cc phn sau:
1. Xc nh a ch vo/ra (Input/Output).
2. V gin thi gian.
3. V s kt ni vi PLC.
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin di dang LAD hoc STL.

Bi 4: S dng phn mm Simatic S7-200 lp trnh iu khin mch in qung co gm

8 n theo yu cu sau:
- n nt M h thng n sng dn t phi qua tri (t Q0.7 n Q0.0) ri tt dn
t tri qua phi v t ng lp li.
- Chu trnh lp li 6 ln ri dng hn mun hot ng li nhn 1 nt bt k
(Reset).
- n nt D th h thng n dng hn.
Sinh vin phi thc hin cc phn sau:
1. Xc nh a ch vo/ra (Input/Output).

2. V gin thi gian.

3. V s kt ni vi PLC.
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin di dang LAD hoc STL.

Bi 5: S dng phn mm Simatic S7-200 lp trnh iu khin mch in qung co gm

8 n theo yu cu sau:
- n nt M h thng n sng dn t phi qua tri (t Q0.7 n Q0.0) ri tt dn
t phi qua tri v t ng lp li.
- Chu trnh lp li 5 ln ri dng hn mun hot ng li nhn 1 nt bt k
(Reset).
- n nt D th h thng n dng hn.
Sinh vin phi thc hin cc phn sau:
1. Xc nh a ch vo/ra (Input/Output).
2. V gin thi gian.
3. V s kt ni vi PLC.
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin di dang LAD hoc STL.

Bi 6: S dng phn mm Simatic S7-200 lp trnh iu khin mch in qung co gm

8 n theo yu cu sau:
- n nt M h thng n tt dn t tri qua phi (t Q0.0 n Q0.7) ri sng ht v
t ng lp li.
- Chu trnh lp li 5 ln ri dng hn mun hot ng li nhn 1 nt bt k
(Reset).
- n nt D th h thng n dng hn.
Sinh vin phi thc hin cc phn sau:
1. Xc nh a ch vo/ra (Input/Output).
2. V gin thi gian.
3. V s kt ni vi PLC.
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin di dang LAD hoc STL.

Bi 7: S dng phn mm Simatic S7-200 lp trnh iu khin mch in qung co gm

8 n theo yu cu sau:
- n nt M h thng n tt dn t tri qua phi (t Q0.0 n Q0.7) ri sng dn
t phi qua tri v t ng lp li.
- Chu trnh lp li 5 ln ri dng hn mun hot ng li nhn 1 nt bt k
(Reset).
- n nt D th h thng n dng hn.

Sinh vin phi thc hin cc phn sau:

1. Xc nh a ch vo/ra (Input/Output).
2. V gin thi gian.
3. V s kt ni vi PLC.
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin di dang LAD hoc STL.

Bi 8: S dng phn mm Simatic S7-200 lp trnh iu khin mch in qung co gm

8 n theo yu cu sau:
- n nt M h thng n tt dn t phi qua tri (t Q0.7 n Q0.0) ri sng ht v
t ng lp li.
- Chu trnh lp li 5 ln ri dng hn mun hot ng li nhn 1 nt bt k
(Reset).
- n nt D th h thng n dng hn.
Sinh vin phi thc hin cc phn sau:
1. Xc nh a ch vo/ra (Input/Output).
2. V gin thi gian.
3. V s kt ni vi PLC.
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin di dang LAD hoc STL.

Bi 9: S dng phn mm Simatic S7-200 lp trnh iu khin mch in qung co gm

8 n theo yu cu sau:
- n nt M h thng n tt dn t phi qua tri (t Q0.7 n Q0.0) ri sng dn
t tri qua phi v t ng lp li.
- Chu trnh lp li 5 ln ri dng hn mun hot ng li nhn 1 nt bt k
(Reset).
- n nt D th h thng n dng hn.
Sinh vin phi thc hin cc phn sau:
1. Xc nh a ch vo/ra (Input/Output).
2. V gin thi gian.
3. V s kt ni vi PLC.
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin di dang LAD hoc STL.

Bi 10: S dng phn mm Simatic S7-200 lp trnh iu khin mch in qung co

gm 8 n theo yu cu sau:
- n nt M h thng n sng dn t 2 u vo (t Q0.0 n Q0.3, Q0.7 n Q0.4)
ri tt dn t gia ra hai u (t Q0.3 n Q0.0, Q0.4 n Q0.7) v t ng lp li.

- Chu trnh lp li 5 ln ri dng hn mun hot ng li nhn 1 nt bt k

(Reset).
- n nt D th h thng n dng hn.
Sinh vin phi thc hin cc phn sau:
1. Xc nh a ch vo/ra (Input/Output).
2. V gin thi gian.
3. V s kt ni vi PLC.
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin di dang LAD hoc STL.

Bi 11: S dng phn mm Simatic S7-200 lp trnh iu khin mch in qung co

gm 8 n theo yu cu sau:
- n nt M h thng n tt dn t 2 u vo (t Q0.0 n Q0.3, Q0.7 n Q0.4)
ri sng dn t gia ra hai u (t Q0.3 n Q0.0, Q0.4 n Q0.7) v t ng lp li.
- Chu trnh lp li 5 ln ri dng hn mun hot ng li nhn 1 nt bt k
(Reset).
- n nt D th h thng n dng hn.
Sinh vin phi thc hin cc phn sau:
1. Xc nh a ch vo/ra (Input/Output).
2. V gin thi gian.
3. V s kt ni vi PLC.
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin di dang LAD hoc STL.

Bi : Lp trnh PLC S7 200 iu khin h thng 8 n qung b theo yu cu sau

n nt S1 th n sng dn t Q0.7 v Q0.0 ri li sng dn tri t Q0.0 n Q0.7.
Qu trnh c lp i lp li.
n nt S2 th h thng dng li.

Chng trnh hm con theo yu cu sau

Ch 1:
Nhn nt Start 1, 2 ng c 1 v 2 chy lun phin cch nhau 10 giy

Nhn nt Stop 1 c 2 ng c dng lm vic.

Ch 2:
Nhn nt Start 2, 3 ng c 3, 4 v 5 chy 20 giy ri dng, ng c 6 chay
10 giy ri dng.
Nhn nt Stop 2 cc ng c dng lm vic d ng c no ang chy

Bi:
Lp trnh PLC S7-200 iu khin my phay n gin theo yu cu sau:
- n nt khi ng h thng S1 th bn phay di chuyn v hng phi.
- Khi bn phay gp cng tc hnh trnh gii hn phi S2 th bn phay t ng di
chuyn v hng tri. Trong qu trnh di chuyn v hng tri, nu bn phay
chm cng tc hnh trnh gii hn tri S3 th bn phay t ng di chuyn v
hng phi. Qu trnh c lp i lp li.
- n nt dng h thng S0 th bn phay tip tc quay cho ht chu k v ch dng li
khi tr v v tr c bn (gii hn tri).
Thc hin vit chng trnh iu khin my phay ny theo phng php trnh t?
S cng ngh:

S iu khin theo trnh t - S chc nng:

Bng k hiu:
K hiu
a ch
Cc bin u vo
S0
I0.0
S1
I0.1
S2
I0.2
S3
I0.3
Cc bin u ra
K1
Q0.0
K2
Q0.1

Ch thch
Nt nhn dng (NC)
Nt nhn khi ng (NO)
Cng tc hnh trnh bo gii hn phi (NC)
Cng tc hnh trnh bo gi hn tri (NC)
Contactor iu khin bn phay chy v hng phi
Contact iu khin bn phay chy v hng tri

Chng trnh iu khin:

Bi: Lp trnh PLC S7-200 iu khin dy chuyn ng gi t ng theo yu cu sau

Yu cu h thng:
ng c th nht ko bng ti thng.
ng c th hai ko bng ti sn phm.
Hot ng:
Khi n nt ON khi ng h thng th ng c th nht hot ng ko bng ti thng
di chuyn, khi c mt thng i n v tr bng ti sn phm th cm bin th nht CB1
(cm bin pht hin thng) c tc ng lm bng ti thng dng li, ng c th hai
hot ng ko bng ti sn phm di chuyn.
Cm bin th hai CB2 dng pht hin v m sn phm, khi s lng sn phm t
yu cu th ng c th hai dng hot ng lm bng ti sn phm dng li, ng c th
nht hot ng ko bng ti thng di chuyn cho n khi thng tip theo c cm bin

CB1 nhn bit th ng c th hai ko bng ti sn phm hot ng. Qu trnh c lp

i lp li cho n khi nt n OFF c tc ng.
S cng ngh:

S iu khin trnh t:

Bng k hiu:
K hiu
a ch
Cc bin u vo
OFF
I0.0
ON
I0.1
CB1
I0.2
CB2
I0.3
Cc bin u ra
K1
Q0.0
K2
Q0.1

Chng trnh iu khin:

Ch thch
Nt nhn dng (NC)
Nt nhn khi ng h thng (NO)
Cm bin nhn bit sn phm (NC)
Cm bin nhn bit thng ng v tr (N0)
Contactor iu khin bng chuyn sn phm
Contact iu khin bng chuyn thng