Giao Trinh Vi Xu Ly 1 - Nguyen Dinh Phu PDF

!
"
#$%&'
(
*+, -../
$)
Chng 1
GII THIEU LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA CAC HE VI X LY

1.
2.
3.
GII THIEU LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA CAC VI X LY

CHC NANG CUA VI X LY
MAY VI TNH
CAC KHAI NIEM C BAN VE CAU TRUC CUA VI X LY

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
CHIEU DAI T D LIEU.

KHA NANG TRUY XUAT BO NH.
TOC O LAM VIEC CUA VI X LY.
CAC THANH GHI CUA VI X LY.
CAC LENH CUA VI X LY.
CAC KIEU TRUY XUAT BO NH.
CAC LOAI BO NH.
CAC MACH IEN GIAO TIEP NGOAI VI CUA VI X LY.
Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
LIET KE CAC HNH

Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
1-1. Cau truc cua mot may vi tnh.

1-2. To chc mang bo nh 44.
1-3. Mach ho tr cho bo nh.
1-4. Gian o thi gian oc ghi bo nh.
LIET KE CAC BANG
1-1. Tan so lam viec cua mot so vi x ly.

1-2. Cac kieu truy xuat bo nh cua cac vi x ly.
1-3. Cac IC ngoai vi giao tiep vi vi x ly Z80.
1-4. Cac IC ngoai vi giao tiep vi vi x ly 8088/80286.
Vi x ly
I.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
GII THIEU LCH S PHAT THEN CUA CAC HE VI X LY:

1.
GII THIEU LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA CAC HE VI X LY:
May tnh so la mot he thong bao gom cac mach ien t x ly tn hieu dang so c ieu
khien bi chng trnh, co the lam nhng cong viec ma con ngi mong muon. Chng trnh se
ieu khien cac mach ien so cach di chuyen va x ly d lieu (data) bang cach ieu khien cac
mach logic so hoc, cac bo nh (memory), cac thiet b xuat / nhap (Input/output). Cach thc cac
mach ien logic cua may tnh so ket hp lai vi nhau tao thanh cac mach logic so hoc, cac vi
mach nh va cac thiet b xuat / nhap c goi la cau truc.
Vi x ly co cau truc giong nh may tnh so va co the xem no la may tnh so v ca hai eu
tnh toan di s ieu khien cua chng trnh.
Lch s phat trien cua vi x ly gan lien vi s phat trien cua cac vi mach ien t v vi x
ly la vi mach ien t che tao theo cong nghe LSI (large scale integrated) cho en VLSI (very
large scale integrated).
Vi s kham pha ra transistor va phat trien cua cong nghe che tao vi mach SSI, MSI, may
tnh van con la mot nhom gom nhieu IC ket hp lai vi nhau, cho en thap nien 70, vi s phat
trien cua cong nghe LSI, cau truc may tnh c rut gon bi cac nha thiet ke va c che tao
thanh mot IC duy nhat c goi la vi x ly (microprocessor).
Vi x ly ket hp vi cac thiet b khac tao ra cac may tnh co kha nang tnh toan rat ln
nh may vi tnh va co the tao ra cac san pham khac cac may ien thoai, cac tong ai ien thoai,
cac he thong ieu khien t ong...
Vi x ly au tien co kha nang x ly 4 bit d lieu, cac vi x ly nay co toc o x ly rat
cham, cac nha thiet ke cai tien thanh vi x ly 8bit, sau o la vi x ly 16 bit va 32 bit. S phat
trien ve dung lng cac bit cua vi x ly lam tang them so lng cac lenh ieu khien va cac lenh
tnh toan phc tap.
Lch s phat trien cua vi x ly gan lien vi hang INTEL:
Vi x ly
Thang 4 nam 1971, Intel san xuat ra vi x ly 4 bit co ma so 4004 co the truy xuat
4096 o nh 4 bit va co 45 lenh.
Thang 4 nam 1972, Intel cai tien va cho ra vi x ly 8 bit co ma so 8008 co the
truy xuat 16K o nh 8 bit va co 48 lenh.
Thang 4 nam 1974, Intel cai tien vi x ly 8008 thanh vi x ly 8080 co the truy
xuat 64Kbyte bo nh va co nhieu lenh hn, chay nhanh gap 10 lan so vi 8008.
Thang 4 nam 1976, Intel cai tien vi x ly 8080 thanh vi x ly 8085 co them mach
tao xung clock c tch hp ben trong, co nhieu ngat tren chip phuc vu cho nhieu
ng dung va tch hp mach ieu khien he thong tren chip.
Thang 6 nam 1978, Intel san xuat vi x ly 16 bit co ma so la 8086: co 20 ng

a ch cho phep truy xuat 1MB bo nh va bus d lieu ben trong va ben ngoai
eu la 16bit.
Thang 6 nam 1979, Intel san xuat vi x ly 16 bit co ma so la 8088 chu yeu da
vao vi x ly 8086 nhng khac vi vi x ly 8086 la bus d lieu ben ngoai ch co 8
3
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
bit nhng bus d lieu ben trong vi x ly la 16 bit, muc ch cai tien nay nham ha
gia thanh he thong va tr thanh vi x ly trong may tnh IBM-PC/XT.
2.
Vao cuoi nam 1981 va nam au 1982, Intel cho ra i vi x ly 80186 va phien
ban m rong cua vi x ly 8086 co ho tr quan ly bo nh theo phan oan va bao
ve bo nh, bus a ch co 24 ng cho phep truy xuat 16Mbyte bo nh.
Thang 2 nam 1982, Intel cho ra i vi x ly 80286 cung la vi x ly 16 bit va chu

yeu cung phat trien t vi x ly 8086 co them nhieu chc nang nh mach nh thi
c tch hp, mach ieu khien DMA, mach ieu khien ngat va mach chon chip
bo nh c thiet ke rieng cho cac ng dung nhung vi gia chip thap.
Thang 10 nam 1985, Intel cho ra i vi x ly 80386 chnh la vi x ly 32bit, co

quan ly bo nh theo trang va phan oan bo nh, bus d lieu ben trong va ben
ngoai eu la 32 bit, tap thanh ghi c m rong.
Thang 4 nam 1989, Intel cho ra i vi x ly 80486, co cai thien kien truc e tang
hieu suat, cung cap bo nh cache tren board, n v dau cham ong tren board.
Co them 6 lenh so vi vi x ly 80386. Lenh nh thi c cai tien e tang hieu
suat.
Thang 3 nam 1993, Intel cho ra i vi x ly Pentium la vi x ly 64 bit co n v

dau cham ong hieu suat cao. Lenh nh thi c cai tien so vi 80486.
Thang 3 nam 1995, Intel cho ra i vi x ly Pentium Pro co 2 cap cache co san.
Thang 3 nam 1997, Intel cho ra i vi x ly Pentium II - Pentium Pro + MMX.
Nam 1999, Intel cho ra i vi x ly Pentium III IA64, m rong tao luong SIMD
Nam 2000, Intel cho ra i vi x ly Pentium IV.
CHC NANG CUA VI X LY:
Vi x ly dung cac cong logic giong nh cac cong logic c s dung trong n v x ly
trung tam (central processing unit) cua may tnh so. Do cau truc giong nh CPU va c xay
dng t cac mach vi ien t nen co ten la vi x ly: microprocessor. Giong nh CPU,
microprocessor co cac mach ien t cho viec ieu khien d lieu (data) va tnh toan d lieu di
s ieu khien cua chng trnh. Ngoai ra microprocessor la mot n v x ly d lieu.
Cong viec x ly d lieu la chc nang chnh cua vi x ly. Viec x ly d lieu bao gom
tnh toan va ieu khien d lieu. Viec tnh toan c thc hien bi cac mach ien logic c goi
la n v x logic so hoc (Arithmetic Logic Unit: ALU ) co the thc hien cac phep toan nh
Add, Subtract, And, Or, Compare, Increment, Decrement.
ALU khong the thc hien mot phep toan ma khong co d lieu, v du ALU cong 2 d lieu
vi nhau th 2 d lieu phai at ung v tr trc khi cong. ALU khong the thc hien viec chuyen
d lieu t ni nay en ni khac. e ALU co d lieu cho viec x ly th ngoai mach ien ALU, vi
x ly con co cac mach ien logic khac e ieu khien d lieu. Cac mach ien logic ieu khien
d lieu se di chuyen d lieu vao ung v tr e khoi ALU x ly d lieu. Sau khi thc hien xong,
khoi ieu khien se di chuyen d lieu en bat c ni nao mong muon.
e x ly d lieu, vi x ly phai ieu khien cac mach logic, e vi x ly ieu khien cac mach
logic th can phai co chng trnh. Chng trnh la tap hp cac lenh e x ly d lieu thc hien
4
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
tng lenh a c lu tr trong bo nh, cong viec thc hien lenh bao gom cac bc nh sau:
on lenh t bo nh, sau o cac mach logic ieu khien se giai ma lenh va sau cung th cac mach
logic ieu khien se thc hien lenh sau khi ma giai ma.
Do cac lenh lu tr trong bo nh nen co the thay oi cac lenh neu can. Khi thay oi cac
lenh cua vi x ly tc la thay oi cach thc x ly d lieu. Cac lenh lu tr trong bo nh se quyet
nh cong viec ma vi x ly se lam.
Tom tat: Chc nang chnh cua vi x ly la x ly d lieu. e lam c ieu nay vi x ly
phai co cac mach logic cho viec x ly va ieu khien d lieu va cac mach logic ieu khien. Cac
mach logic x ly se di chuyen d lieu t ni nay sang ni khac va thc hien cac phep toan tren
d lieu, mach logic ieu khien se quyet nh mach ien nao cho viec x ly d lieu. Vi x ly thc
hien mot lenh vi trnh t nh sau: on lenh t bo nh, tiep theo mach logic ieu khien se giai
ma lenh e xem lenh o yeu cau vi x ly thc hien cong viec g, sau o vi x ly se thc hien
ung cong viec cua lenh a yeu cau, qua trnh nay c goi la chu ky on - va - thc hien lenh
(fetch / execute cycle).
Ngoai chc nang on va thc hien lenh, cac mach logic ieu khien con ieu khien cac
mach ien giao tiep ben ngoai ket noi vi vi x ly. Vi x ly can phai co s tr giup cua cac
mach ien ben ngoai. Cac mach ien dung e lu tr lenh va d lieu e vi x ly x ly c goi
la bo nh, cac mach ien giao tiep e di chuyen d lieu t ben ngoai vao ben trong vi x ly va
xuat d lieu t ben trong vi x ly ra ngoai c goi la cac thiet b I/O hay cac thiet b ngoai vi.
3.
MAY VI TNH (MICROCOMPUTER):
Vi x ly la mot IC chuyen ve x ly d lieu va ieu khien con may vi tnh la mot he thong
may tnh hoan chnh c xay dng t mot vi x ly. May vi tnh hoan chnh bao gom mot vi x
ly, bo nh va cac cong I/O.
S o khoi cua mot he thong may vi tnh nh hnh 1-1:
keyboard
CPU
P
clock
Disk
Video
CPU
and IO
Video
U
A
R
T
Disk
controller
Disk
Graphic
Microcomputer bus
Power supply
Hnh 1-1. Cau truc cua mot may vi tnh.
May vi tnh to chc theo card bao gom: card CPU, card bo nh RAM, card ieu khien a,
card ieu khien man hnh, ngoai ra may vi tnh con co man hnh video, ban phm...
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Tat ca cac card trong may vi tnh c ket noi vi vi x ly thong qua bus, bus bao gom
nhieu ng tn hieu e phan biet va x ly cac card khac nhau.
Trong card CPU co mach tao xung Clock dung e tao ra tn hieu clock cho vi x ly. Card
CPU con co cac IC giao tiep e nang cao kha nang giao tiep cua CPU.
Bo nh ROM dung e lu tr cac lenh cua chng trnh e cho phep nap cac chng trnh
t a mem, ..., card bo nh RAM bao gom cac IC RAM e vi x ly lu tr chng trnh va d
lieu khi x ly. Trong card bo nh co phan xuat nhap data noi tiep UART ( Universal
Asynchronous Receiver - Transmitter ), hai khoi nay co the tach ri. UART dung e chuyen oi
d lieu song song thanh noi tiep e may vi tnh co the giao tiep vi may in, cac modem, va cac
thiet b ieu khien khac.
e giao tiep vi man hnh video can phai co card video, ben cach cac IC giao tiep vi bus
cua vi x ly con co cac IC ieu khien man hnh Video. Man hnh Video dung e hien th noi
dung cua mot vung nh ac biet trong bo nh RAM do o Card video co cac IC RAM.
Khoi nguon cung cap ien cho tat ca cac he thong.
II.
CAC KHAI NIEM C BAN VE CAU TRUC CUA VI X LY:

1.
CHIEU DAI T D LIEU:
Vi x ly au tien co chieu dai t d lieu la 4 bit, tiep theo la cac vi x ly 8 bit, 16 bit,
32 bit va 64 bit. Moi vi x ly co chieu dai t d lieu khac nhau se co mot kha nang ng dung
khac nhau, cac vi x ly co chieu dai t d lieu ln, toc o lam viec nhanh, kha nang truy xuat
bo nh ln c dung trong cac cong viec x ly d lieu, ieu khien phc tap, cac vi x ly co
chieu dai t d lieu nho hn, kha nang truy xuat bo nh nho hn, toc o lam viec thap hn
c s dung trong cac cong viec ieu khien va x ly n gian, chnh v the cac vi x ly nay
van ton tai.
Cac vi x ly 16 bit, 32 bit c s dung rat nhieu trong may tnh. May vi tnh au tien
cua IBM s dung vi x ly 8088 vao nam 1981. Cau truc ben trong cua vi x ly 8088 co the
x ly cac t d lieu 16 bit, nhng bus d lieu giao tiep ben ngoai ch co 8 bit. Do cau truc ben
trong 16 bit nen cac may tnh PC s dung bo vi x ly 8088 co the tng thch vi cac may
tnh mi s dung cac vi x ly 16 bit: 286, hoac cac vi x ly 32 bit: 386, 486 va bo vi x ly
Pentium.
Hau het cac ng dung c ieu khien bi may tnh tot hn nhieu so vi vi x ly va tuy
theo yeu cau ieu khien ma chon ieu khien bang may tnh hay ieu khien bang vi x ly.
Cac lnh vc ieu khien bang vi x ly nh: cong nghiep, khoa hoc, y hoc... Mot lnh vc ieu
khien phc tap la robot khi o cac bo vi x ly 16 bit va 32 bit la thch hp. Tuy theo yeu cau
o phc tap ma chon bo vi x ly thch hp.
Vi x ly 32 bit la s phat trien cua vi x ly 16 bit va ng dung au tien cua cac vi x ly
32 bit la cac may tnh 32 bit. Cac vi x ly 32 bit co kha nang lam viec nhanh hn v moi lan
lay d lieu t bo nh vi x ly co the lay mot lan 4 byte, trong khi o cac vi x ly 8 bit th phai
lam 4 lan, vi vi x ly 16 bit phai thc hien 2 lan. Vay neu so vi vi x ly 8 bit th vi x ly 32
bit co toc o tang gap 4, vi vi x ly 16 bit th toc o vi x ly 32 bit tang gap oi. e tang toc
o lam viec cua vi x ly la muc tieu hang au cua cac nha che tao vi x ly.
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Khai niem Bus d lieu : la ng truyen d lieu 2 chieu e chuyen d lieu gia vi x
ly va cac thanh phan khac cua he thong nh bo nh, IC ngoai vi. Vi x ly 8 bit th bus d lieu
se la 8 bit, vi x ly 16 bit th bus d lieu giao tiep cung la 16 bit ngoai tr vi x ly 8088.
2.
KHA NANG TRUY XUAT BO NH:
Dung lng bo nh ma vi x ly co the truy xuat la mot phan trong cau truc cua vi x ly.
Cac vi x ly au tien b gii han ve kha nang truy xuat bo nh: vi x 4004 co 14 ng a ch
nen co the truy xuat c 214 = 16384 o nh, vi x ly 8 bit co 16 ng a ch nen co the truy
xuat c 216 = 65536 o nh, vi x ly 16 bit co 20 ng a ch nen co the truy xuat 220 =
1024000 o nh, vi x ly 32 bit nh 386 hay 68020 co the truy xuat 4 G o nh. Vi x ly co kha
nang truy xuat bo nh cang ln nen co the x ly cac chng trnh ln. Tuy theo ng dung cu the
ma chon mot vi x ly thch hp.
Khai niem Bus a ch la tat ca cac ng a ch cua vi x ly dung e xac nh a ch
cua mot o nh hay mot thiet b ngoai vi trc khi thc hien viec truy xuat d lieu.
Khai niem Bus ieu khien la tat ca cac ng ma vi x ly dung e ieu khien cac oi
tng khac trong he thong nh ieu khien oc bo nh, ieu khien ghi bo nh, ieu khien oc
IO, ieu khien ghi IO.
3.
TOC O LAM VIEC CUA VI X LY:
Tan so xung clock cung cap cho vi x ly lam viec quyet nh en toc o lam viec cua vi
x ly, vi x ly co toc o lam viec cang ln th kha nang x ly lenh cang nhanh. Tan so xung
clock lam viec cua cac vi x ly c cho bi cac nha che tao:
Vi x ly
Tan so xung
clock
Chieu dai t d lieu
8051
12MHz
8-bit
Z80A
4MHz
8-bit
Z80B
6MHz
8-bit
286
16MHz
16-bit
486DX2-66
66Mhz
32-bit
Pentium
66MHz
32-bit
Bang 1-1. Tan so lam viec cua mot so vi x ly.

4.
CAC THANH GHI CUA VI X LY:

Cac thanh ghi la mot phan quan trong trong cau truc cua vi x ly.
Cac thanh ghi ben trong cua vi x ly dung e x ly d lieu, co nhieu loai thanh ghi khac
nhau cho cac chc nang khac nhau trong vi x ly, so lng cac thanh ghi ong mot vai tro rat
quan trong oi vi vi x ly va ngi lap trnh.
Cac vi x ly khac nhau se co so lng va chc nang cua cac thanh cung khac nhau.
Neu vi x ly co so lng thanh ghi nhieu th ngi lap trnh co the viet cac chng trnh
ieu khien vi x ly n gian hn, lam tang toc o x ly chng trnh. Neu vi x ly co so lng
thanh ghi t th chng trnh se phc tap hn, toc o x ly chng trnh cham hn.
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
e hieu ro cac thanh ghi ben trong cua mot vi x ly can phai khao sat mot vi x ly cu the.
Vay so lng cac thanh ghi ben trong vi x ly cung anh hng en toc o va kha nang x ly
chng trnh.
5.
CAC LENH CUA VI X LY:
Tap lenh cua vi x ly la mot trong nhng yeu to c ban e anh gia toc o lam viec cua vi
x ly. Neu vi x ly co nhieu mach ien logic ben trong e thc hien th so lenh ieu khien cua
vi x ly cang nhieu, khi o vi x ly cang ln va o phc tap cang ln. V du so sanh 2 tap lenh
cua 2 vi x ly 8 bit la 80C51 va Z80: vi x ly 80C51 co 111 lenh, vi x ly Z80 co 178 lenh. Tap
lenh cua mot vi x ly cang nhieu cang rat co ch khi lap trnh hay viet chng trnh cho vi x ly.
6.
CAC KIEU TRUY XUAT BO NH:
Mot yeu to quyet nh s mem deo trong lap trnh la so lng cac kieu truy xuat bo nh
khac nhau cua vi x ly, vi x ly co nhieu kieu truy xuat bo nh se co kha nang x ly cang
nhanh va cau truc cac mach ien ben trong cang phc tap. Cac kieu truy xuat bo nh cua cac vi
x ly 8 bit va 16 bit:
Kieu truy xuat bo nh
( Addressing mode )
Vi x ly 6800
Vi x ly Z80
Vi x ly 8088
Implied - hieu ngam.
8-bit
16-direct
8-bit immediate
16-bit immediate
8-bit relative
8-bit index
16-bit index
Bit
8-bit indirect
16-bit indirect
X
x
16-bit computed
8-bit I/O
16-bit I/O
X
X
X
X
X
Bang 1-2. Cac kieu truy xuat bo nh cua cac vi x ly.

Vi x ly 16 bit va 32 bit co so lng cac kieu truy xuat bo nh rat ln, tuy thuoc vao yeu
cau ieu khien ma chon vi x ly thch hp.
7.
BO NH:
O nh Bit la mot n v nh nho nhat, o nh bit la o nh ch co the lu c d lieu 1 bit
la so nh phan ch co 1 trong 2 gia tr 0 hay 1. O nh bit thng c tch hp trong cac vi x

ly ieu khien cong nghiep.
O nh Byte la mot o nh co the cha c d lieu so nh phan 8 bit.
8
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
O nh Word la mot o nh co the cha c d lieu so nh phan 16 bit thng la s ket
hp cua 2 o nh byte ket noi song song.

Moi mot o nh co 1 a ch duy nhat, a ch cua bo nh la so nh phan va d lieu lu
trong o nh cung la so nh phan.
Cac loai bo nh:

Bo nh RAM (Random Access Memory) la loai bo nh cho phep oc ghi d lieu bat
ky o nh nao trong bo nh. ieu nay khac vi bo nh bo nh bang t la khong the oc ghi tuy
y. Bo nh ban dan c lam t cac flip flop, khi ta ghi d lieu vao flip flop th d lieu se c
lu lai va d lieu se mat i khi mat ien. Loai RAM nay c goi la SRAM.
Bo nh DRAM (Dynamic RAM = RAM ong) s dung tu ien gate source (cong
nguon) cua MOSFET e lu tr thong tin nh ien tch tren tu. Do co ro r ien tch trong tu
ien nen khi s dung DRAM th phai can lam ti sau moi mot thi gian vai ms (thng khoang
2 en 10ms). Qua trnh lam ti bo nh thng c thc hien bang IC ieu khien bo nh ong
hoac che tao san nhng ng ieu khien lam ti bo nh trong CPU. Ca 2 loai bo nh SRAM
va DRAM eu la bo nh bay hi (mat ien th mat d lieu).
ROM (Read Only Memory) la loai bo nh ch oc noi dung bo nh a c ghi trc,
qua trnh ghi d lieu c ket hp vi qua trnh san xuat. D lieu do ngi dung cung cap cho
nha san xuat. D lieu trong bo nh khong b mat khi mat ien. ROM thng c dung e lu
cac d lieu co nh khong thay oi. Bo nh nay khong cho phep xoa va ghi lai d lieu mi.
PROM (Programmable ROM) giong nh bo nh ROM nhng viec ghi d lieu vao bo nh
oc lap vi qua trnh san xuat, nha san xuat ra cac PROM cha co d lieu va ngi dung co the
thc hien viec ghi d lieu tuy y vao bo nh va ch c phep ghi 1 lan. D lieu ben trong mac
nhien la d lieu 1 va ngi lap trnh thay oi trang thai t 1 ve 0 bang cach ot cau ch ben
trong PROM.
EPROM (Erasable PROM) giong nh bo nh PROM nhng cho phep xoa va ghi lai d
lieu nhieu lan, khi xoa phai dung tia cc tm chieu vao ca so e khoi phuc lai trang thai d
lieu 1. Sau khi ghi xong d lieu th phai che ca so lai e tranh tia cc tm lam mat d lieu.
EEPROM (Electrically EPROM) giong nh bo nh EPROM nhng cho phep xoa bang
xung ien thay v xoa bang tia cc tm va cho phep ghi lai d lieu. Qua trnh nap xoa co the
thc hien c t 1000 en 100000 lan.
Dung lng bo nh: Mot bo nh co N ng a ch va m ng d lieu th se co dung
lng la 2N m.
Dung lng bo nh c tnh theo Kilobyte (KB), Megabyte (MB) va Gigabyte (GB).
Cau truc bo nh:

Mang bo nh (memory array): phan chnh cua bo nh la mang bo nh, moi hang cua
cac te bao nh (memory cell) c ieu khien bi ng t (word line). Khi mot hang cu the
c kch hoat qua ng t, cac gia tr d lieu cua nhng hang te bao cua hang o co the c
oc hay ghi vao qua cac ng bit (bit line).
V du: S o cua bo nh 16 bit c to chc theo mang 44 nh hnh 1-2
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 1-2. To chc mang bo nh 44.

Cac kieu bo nh khac nhau c phan biet chu yeu da vao cach thc lu tr te bao nh.
Mach ho tr:
Ngoai mang bo nh con co mach ho tr e giao tiep vi cac thiet b ben ngoai. S o khoi
cua mot bo nh nh hnh 1-3:
Hnh 1-3. Mach ho tr cho bo nh.

Mach ho tr co chc nang:
- Giai ma a ch e xac nh o nh can truy xuat.
- Cung cap cac tn hieu ieu khien e oc va ghi mang bo nh.
Cac tn hieu ieu khien:
10
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Tn hieu CS (chip select): la tn hieu chon chip: neu CS = 1 th bo nh khong c chon

va cac ng d lieu se trang thai tong tr cao, neu CS = 0 th bo nh c phep truy xuat ghi
hay oc.
Tn hieu OE (Output Enable): cho phep xuat d lieu t bo nh a ra ngoai cho cac thiet
b khac v du nh vi x ly ieu khien chan OE e yeu cau bo nh xuat d lieu.
Tn hieu WR (Write Enable): cho phep ghi d lieu t ben ngoai va bo nh v du nh vi x
ly ieu khien chan WR e yeu cau bo nh nhan d lieu t bus d lieu e cat vao o nh.
Gian o thi gian oc va ghi d lieu cua bo nh nh hnh 1-4:
Hnh 1-4. Gian o thi gian oc ghi bo nh.

8.
CAC MACH IEN GIAO TIEP NGOAI VI CUA VI X LY:
Ngoai giao tiep vi bo nh, vi x ly co cac mach ien giao tiep vi cac mach ien ben
ngoai e ieu khien hay m rong kha nang ieu khien. Cac mach ien ben ngoai la cac IC va
c goi la IC ngoai vi. Moi IC ngoai vi co mot chc nang rieng, tuy thuoc vao yeu cau ieu
khien ma chon cac IC ngoai vi.
Bang 1-3 liet ke cac IC ngoai vi co the giao tiep vi Z80:
Vi x ly
11
Ma so IC
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Chc nang
dang vo
8410
Direct memory access controller
40 pin -DIP
8420
Parallel input/output controller
40 pin -DIP
8430
Counter timer circuit
28 pin -DIP
8440
Serial input/output controller
40 pin -DIP
8470
Dual channel asynchronous receiver transmitter
40 pin -DIP
8530
Serial communications controller
40 pin -DIP
Bang 1-3. Cac IC ngoai vi giao tiep vi vi x ly Z80.

Bang 1-4 cac IC ngoai vi co the giao tiep vi 8088/80286:
Ma so IC
8087/80287
Chc nang
dang vo
Arithmetic coprocessor
40 pin -DIP
8116
Dual baud rate clock generator

(programmable)
18 pin -DIP
8202
Dynamic RAM controller
40 pin -DIP
8224
Clock generator/driver
16 pin -DIP
8250
Asynchronous communications element
40 pin -DIP
8253
Programmable interval timer
24 pin -DIP
8272
Floppy disk controller
40 pin -DIP
Bang 1-4. Cac IC ngoai vi giao tiep vi vi x ly 8088/80286.
return
12
Vi x ly
Chng 2
S O KHOI CPU 8 BIT C BAN

1. S O KHOI CUA VI X LY.
2. KHOI ALU.
TO CHC CAC THANH GHI
1. CAC THANH GHI BEN TRONG VI X LY.
2. CHC NANG CAC THANH GHI.
a. Thanh ghi Accumulator
b. Thanh ghi bo em chng trnh PC (program counter)
c. Thanh ghi trang thai status register
d. Thanh ghi con tro ngan xep SP (stack pointer)
e. Thanh ghi a ch bo nh
f. Thanh ghi lenh IR (instruction register)
g. Thanh ghi cha d lieu tam thi
h. Khoi ieu khien logic va khoi giai ma lenh
i. Bus d lieu ben trong vi x ly
LENH CUA VI X LY
1. TAP LENH CUA VI X LY.
2. T GI NH.
3. CAC NHOM LENH C BAN
4. CAC KIEU TRUY XUAT A CH CUA VI X LY
VI X LY Z80
1. S O CAU TRUC BEN TRONG CUA VI X LY Z80.
2. TO CHC THANH GHI BEN TRONG VI X LY Z80.
3. CHC NANG CAC CHAN CUA VI X LY Z80.
4. GIAN O THI GIAN CUA VI X LY Z80.
5. AP NG YEU CAU NGAT CUA VI X LY Z80.
6. PHAN CNG VA PHAN MEM CUA VI X LY Z80.
VI X LY 8085A
1. S O CAU TRUC BEN TRONG CUA VI X LY 8085A.
2. TO CHC THANH GHI BEN TRONG CUA VI X LY 8085A.
3. S O CHAN CUA VI X LY 8085A.
4. GIAN O THI GIAN CUA VI X LY 8085A.
5. GIAI A HP A CH VA D LIEU CHO VI X LY 8085A
Chng 2: Cau truc vi x ly 8 bit va tap lenh
6.
TOM
1.
2.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
TAP LENH CUA VI X LY 8085A

TAT CAU HOI ON TAP BAI TAP
TOM TAT.
CAU HOI ON TAP BAI TAP.
LIET KE CAC HNH

Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
2-1. S o cau truc ben trong cua vi x ly.

2-2. S o minh hoa cac thanh ghi ben trong cua Microprocessor c to am.
2-3. Cau truc cua mot thanh ghi trang thai.
2-4. Trc khi cong d lieu.
2-5. D lieu thanh ghi A c a en thanh ghi Temp1.
2-6. D lieu thanh ghi D c a en thanh ghi Temp2.
2-7. Ket qua lu tr lai thanh ghi A.
2-8. Cac thanh ghi tam tr lai trang thai ban au.
2-9. Chu ky thc hien lenh cua vi x ly.
2-10. Cau truc lenh cua vi x ly.
2-11. S o cau truc ben trong cua vi x ly Z80.
2-12. S o chan cua vi x ly Z80.
2-13. S o chan cua vi x ly Z80.
2-14. Cac chu ky may cua x ly Z80.
2-15. Chu ky on ma lenh.
2-16. Chu ky oc hoac ghi bo nh.
2-17. Chu ky oc hoac ghi thiet b ngoai vi.
2-18. Chu ky yeu cau bus/ tra li bus.
2-19. Chu ky ngat va ap ng yeu cau ngat.
2-20. Gian o thi gian cua ngat khong ngan c NMI .
2-21. Gian o thi gian cua lenh HALT.
2-22. Hai bit flip flop IFF1 va IFF2 cua ngat INT .
2-23. ap ng ngat mode 2.
2-24. He thong toi thieu dung vi x ly Z80.
2-25. M rong them bo nh.
2-26. Them mot chu ky i vao chu ky M1.
2-27. Them mot chu ky i e truy xuat bo nh bat ky.
2-28. Them mot chu ky i e truy xuat bo nh bat ky.
2-29. Lenh tong quat LD reg8D,reg8S.
2-30. Lenh tong quat LD reg8,imm8.
2-31. Lenh tong quat RL reg8.
2-32. S o cau truc ben trong cua vi x ly 8085A.
2-33. Cac thanh ghi ben trong VI x ly 8085A.
2-34. S o chan cua vi x ly 8085A.
2-35. Gian o thi gian hoat ong cua vi x ly 8085A.
2-36. Giai a hp a ch va d lieu cua vi x ly 8085A.
LIET KE CAC BANG
Bang 2-1. Bang liet ke cac trang thai bit IFF1 va IFF2.
Bang 2-2. Cac trang thai lam viec cua vi x ly 8085A.
14
Vi x ly

Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Vi x ly
2-3.
2-4.
2-5.
2-6.
2-7.
2-8.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Th t u tien ngat cua vi x ly 8085A.

Ma cac thanh ghi cua vi x ly 8085A.
Ma cac cap thanh ghi 16 bit cua vi x ly 8085A.
Cac bit trong thanh ghi trang thai cua vi x ly 8085A.
Bang vector a ch ngat cua vi x ly 8085A.
Tom tat tap lenh cua vi x ly 8085A.
15
I.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
S O KHOI CPU 8 BIT C BAN:

1.
S O KHOI CUA VI X LY:
Cau truc cua tat ca cac vi x ly eu co cac khoi c ban giong nhau nh ALU, cac thanh
ghi, khoi ieu khien la cac mach logic. e nam ro nguyen ly lam viec cua vi x ly can phai
khao sat nguyen ly ket hp cac khoi vi nhau e x ly mot chng trnh.
S o khoi cua vi x ly se trnh bay cau truc cua mot vi x ly. Moi mot vi x ly khac nhau
se co cau truc khac nhau. V du vi x ly 8 bit se co cau truc khac vi vi x ly 16 bit...
Vi moi vi x ly eu co mot s o cau truc ben trong va c cho trong cac so tay cua nha
che tao. S o cau truc dang khoi rat tien li va de trnh bay nguyen ly hoat ong cua vi x
ly. Hnh 2-1 trnh bay s o khoi cua vi x ly 8 bit:
Hnh 2-1. S o cau truc ben trong cua vi x ly.
Trong s o khoi cua vi x ly bao gom cac khoi chnh nh sau: khoi ALU, cac thanh ghi
va khoi control logic. Ngoai ra s o khoi con trnh bay cac ng truyen tai tn hieu t ni nay
en ni khac ben trong va ben ngoai he thong.
2. KHOI ALU:
ALU la khoi quan trong nhat cua vi x ly, khoi ALU cha cac mach ien t logic chuyen
ve x ly d lieu. Khoi ALU co 2 ngo vao co ten la IN la cac ngo vao d lieu cho ALU x
ly va 1 ngo ra co ten la OUT la ngo ra ket qua d lieu sau khi ALU x ly xong.
16
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
D lieu trc khi vao ALU c cha thanh ghi tam thi (Temporarily Register) co ten
la TEMP1 va TEMP2. Bus d lieu ben trong vi x ly c ket noi vi 2 ngo vao IN cua
ALU thong qua 2 thanh ghi tam thi. Viec ket noi nay cho phep ALU co the lay bat ky d lieu
nao tren bus d lieu ben trong vi x ly.
Thng th ALU luon lay d lieu t mot thanh ghi ac biet co ten la Accumulator (A).
Ngo ra OUT cua ALU cho phep ALU co the gi ket d lieu sau khi x ly xong len bus d lieu
ben trong vi x ly, do o thiet b nao ket noi vi bus ben trong eu co the nhan d lieu nay.
Thng th ALU gi d lieu sau khi x ly xong ti thanh ghi Accumulator.
V du khi ALU cong 2 d lieu th mot trong 2 d lieu c cha trong thanh ghi
Accumulator, sau khi phep cong c thc hien bi ALU th ket qua se gi tr lai thanh ghi
Accumulator va lu tr thanh ghi nay.
ALU x ly mot d lieu hay 2 d lieu tuy thuoc vao lenh hay yeu cau ieu khien, v du khi
cong 2 d lieu th ALU se x ly 2 d lieu va dung 2 ngo vao IN e nhap d lieu, khi tang mot
d lieu nao o len 1 n v hay lay bu mot d lieu, khi o ALU ch x ly 1 d lieu va ch can
mot ngo vao IN.
Khoi ALU co the thc hien cac phep toan x ly nh sau:
Add
Complement
OR
Subtract
Shift right
Increment
AND
Shift left
Decrement
Exclusive OR
Tom Tat: Chc nang chnh cua khoi ALU la lam thay oi d lieu hay chuyen ve x ly d
lieu nhng khong lu tr d lieu. e hieu ro them chc nang ac biet cua ALU can phai khao
sat mot vi x ly cu the.
II.
TO CHC CAC THANH GHI:

1.
CAC THANH GHI BEN TRONG CUA VI X LY:
Cac thanh ghi ben trong co chc nang lu tr tam thi cac d lieu khi x ly. Trong so cac
thanh ghi co mot vai thanh ghi ac biet thc hien cac lenh ac biet hay cac chc nang ac biet,
cac thanh ghi con lai goi la cac thanh ghi thong dung. Vi s o khoi minh hoa tren, cac
thanh ghi thong dung co ten Reg B, Reg C, Reg D, Reg E.
Cac thanh ghi thong dung rat hu dung cho ngi lap trnh dung e lu tr d lieu phuc vu
cho cong viec x ly d lieu va ieu khien, khi viet chng trnh chung ta luon s dung cac thanh
ghi nay. So lng cac thanh ghi thong dung thay oi tuy thuoc vao tng vi x ly.
So lng va cach s dung cac thanh ghi thong dung tuy thuoc vao cau truc cua tng vi x
ly, nhng chung co mot vai iem c ban giong nhau. Cang nhieu thanh ghi thong dung th van
e lap trnh cang tr nen n gian.
Cac thanh ghi c ban luon co trong mot vi x ly la thanh ghi A (Accumulator Register),
thanh ghi bo em chng trnh PC (Program Counter register), thanh ghi con tro ngan xep SP
(Stack pointer register), thanh ghi trang thai F (Status register Flag register), cac thanh ghi
thong dung, thanh ghi lenh IR (Instruction register), thanh ghi a ch AR (Address Register).
Vi x ly
17
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 2-2. S o minh hoa cac thanh ghi ben trong cua Microprocessor c to am.
2. CHC NANG CUA CAC THANH GHI:
a. Thanh ghi Accumulator:

Thanh ghi A la mot thanh ghi quan trong cua vi x ly co chc nang lu tr d lieu khi tnh
toan. Hau het cac phep toan so hoc va cac phep toan logic eu xay ra gia ALU va
Accumulator.
V du khi thc hien mot lenh cong 1 d lieu A vi mot d lieu B, th mot d lieu phai cha
trong thanh ghi Accumulator gia s la d lieu A, sau o se thc hien lenh cong d lieu A (cha
trong Accumulator) vi d lieu B (co the cha trong o nh hoac trong mot thanh ghi thong
dung), ket qua cua lenh cong la d lieu C se c at trong thanh ghi A thay the cho d lieu A
trc o.
Chu y: Ket qua sau khi thc hien ALU thng gi vao thanh ghi Accumulator lam cho d
lieu trc o cha trong Accumulator se mat.
Mot chc nang quan trong khac cua thanh ghi Accumulator la e truyen d lieu t bo nh
hoac t cac thanh ghi ben trong cua vi x ly ra cac thiet b ieu khien ben ngoai th d lieu o
phai cha trong thanh ghi Accumulator.
Thanh ghi Accumulator con nhieu chc nang quan trong khac se c thay ro qua tap lenh
cua mot vi x ly cu the, so bit cua thanh ghi Accumulator chnh la n v o cua vi x ly, vi x
ly 8 bit th thanh ghi Accumulator co o dai 8 bit.
b. Thanh ghi bo em chng trnh PC (Program counter):

Thanh ghi PC la mot thanh ghi co vai tro quan trong nhat cua vi x ly. Chng trnh la mot
chuoi cac lenh noi tiep nhau trong bo nh cua vi x ly, cac lenh nay se yeu cau vi x ly thc
hien chnh xac cac cong viec e giai quyet mot van e.
18
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Tng lenh phai n gian va chnh xac va cac lenh phai theo ung mot trnh t e chng
trnh thc hien ung. Chc nang cua thanh ghi PC la quan ly lenh ang thc hien va lenh se
c thc hien tiep theo.
Thanh ghi PC trong vi x ly co chieu dai t d lieu ln hn chieu dai t d lieu cua vi x
ly. V du oi vi cac vi x ly 8 bit co the giao tiep vi 65536 o nh th thanh ghi PC phai co
chieu dai la 16 bit e co the truy xuat tng o nh bat au t o nh th 0 en o nh th 65535.
Chu y: noi dung cha trong thanh ghi PC chnh la noi dung cha trong thanh ghi a ch.
Trc khi vi x ly thc hien mot chng trnh th thanh ghi PC phai c nap mot con so :
o chnh la a ch cua o nh cha lenh au tien cua chng trnh.
a ch cua lenh au tien c gi en IC nh thong qua bus a ch 16 bit. Sau o bo nh
se at noi dung cua o nh len bus d lieu, noi dung nay chnh la ma lenh, qua trnh nay goi la
on lenh t bo nh.
Tiep theo vi x ly t ong tang noi dung cua thanh ghi PC e chuan b on lenh ke. PC ch
c tang khi vi x ly bat au thc hien lenh c on trc o. Lenh ang thc hien co chieu
dai bao nhieu byte th thanh ghi PC tang len ung bay nhieu byte.
Mot vai lenh trong chng trnh co the nap vao thanh ghi PC mot gia tr mi, khi lenh lam
thay oi thanh ghi PC sang gia tr mi c thc hien th lenh ke co the xay ra mot a ch mi
oi vi cac lenh nhay hoac lenh goi chng trnh con.
c. Thanh ghi trang thai (Status Register):
Hnh 2-3. Cau truc cua mot thanh ghi trang thai.
Thanh ghi trang thai con c goi la thanh ghi c (Flag register) dung e lu tr ket qua
cua mot so lenh kiem tra. Viec lu tr cac ket qua kiem tra cho phep ngi lap trnh thc hien
viec re nhanh trong chng trnh. Khi re nhanh, chng trnh se bat au tai mot v tr mi. Trong
trng hp re nhanh co ieu kien th chng trnh re nhanh ch c thc hien khi ket qua kiem
tra ung ieu kien. Thanh ghi trang thai se lu tr cac ket qua kiem tra nay.
Cac bit thng co trong mot thanh ghi trang thai c trnh bay hnh 2-3.
Cac lenh xay ra trong khoi ALU thng anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai, v du khi thc
hien mot lenh cong 2 d lieu 8 bit, neu ket qua ln hn 111111112 th bit carry se mang gia tr
Vi x ly
19
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
la 1. Ngc lai neu ket qua cua phep cong nho hn 111111112 th bit carry bang 0. V du lenh
tang hay giam gia tr cua mot thanh ghi, neu ket qua trong thanh ghi khac 0 th bit Z luon bang
0, ngc lai neu ket qua bang 0 th bit Z bang 1.
V du ve re nhanh khi kiem tra bit trong thanh ghi trang thai: hay viet mot chng trnh
giam gia tr cua mot thanh ghi co gia tr la 10.
1. Nap vao thanh ghi mot so nh phan co gia tr la 10.
2. Giam noi dung cua thanh ghi i 1.
3. Kiem tra bit Zero cua thanh ghi trang thai co bang 1 hay khong ?
4. Neu khong nhay en thc hien tiep lenh bc 2
5. Neu ung ket thuc chng trnh.
Y ngha cua cac bit trong thanh ghi trang thai:
[a]. Carry/borrow (c tran/mn): la bit carry khi thc hien mot phep cong co gia tr tuy
thuoc vao ket qua cua phep cong. Ket qua tran th bit carry =1, ngc lai bit carry = 0.
La bit borrow khi thc hien mot phep tr: neu so b tr ln hn so tr th bit borrow = 0,
ngc lai bit borrow =1. Bit carry hay bit borrow la 1 bit ch c phan biet khi thc
hien lenh cu the.
[b]. Zero: bit Z bang 1 khi ket qua cua phep toan bang 0, ngc lai bit Z=0.
[c]. Negative (c so am): bit N = 1 khi bit MSB cua thanh ghi co gia tr la 1, ngc lai
N=0.
[d]. Intermediate carry (c tran phu): giong nh bit Carry nhng ch co tac dung oi vi
phep cong hay tr 4 bit thap.
[e]. Interrupt Flag (c bao ngat): Bit IF co gia tr la 1 khi ngi lap trnh muon cho phep
ngat, ngc lai th khong cho phep ngat.
[f]. Overflow (c tran so co dau): bit nay bang 1 khi bit tran cua phep toan cong vi bit
dau cua d lieu.
[g]. Parity (c chan le): bit nay co gia tr la 1 khi ket qua cua phep toan la so chan,
ngc lai la so le th bit P = 0.
So lng cac bit co trong thanh ghi trang thai tuy thuoc vao tng vi x ly. Trong mot so vi
x ly co the xoa hoac at cac bit cua thanh ghi trang thai.
d. Thanh ghi con tro ngan xep (Stack Pointer Register):

Thanh ghi con tro ngan xep la mot thanh ghi quan trong cua vi x ly, o dai t d lieu cua
thanh ghi SP bang thanh ghi PC, chc nang cua thanh ghi SP gan giong nh thanh ghi PC nhng
no dung e quan ly bo nh ngan xep khi muon lu tr tam thi d lieu vao ngan xep.
Giong nh thanh ghi PC, thanh ghi SP cung t ong ch en o nh ke. Trong hau het cac vi
x ly, thanh ghi SP giam (e ch en o nh tiep theo trong ngan xep) sau khi thc hien lenh cat
d lieu vao ngan xep. Do o khi thiet lap gia tr cho thanh ghi SP la a ch cuoi cung cua bo
nh.
20
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Thanh ghi SP phai ch en mot o nh do ngi lap trnh thiet lap, qua trnh nay goi la khi
tao con tro ngan xep. Neu khong khi tao, con tro ngan xep se ch en mot o nh ngau nhien.
Khi o d lieu cat vao ngan xep co the ghi e len d lieu quan trong khac lam chng trnh x
ly sai hoac thanh ghi SP ch en vung nh khong phai la bo nh RAM lam chng trnh thc
hien khong ung v khong lu tr c d lieu can cat tam vao bo nh ngan xep. To chc cua
ngan xep la vao sau ra trc (LAST IN FIRST OUT : LIFO).
e. Thanh ghi a ch bo nh (address Register):

Moi khi vi x ly truy xuat bo nh th thanh ghi a ch phai tao ra ung a ch ma vi x ly
muon. Ngo ra cua thanh ghi a ch c at len bus a ch 16 bit. Bus a ch dung e la chon
mot o nh hay la chon 1 port Input/Output.
Noi dung cua thanh ghi a ch o nh va noi dung cua thanh ghi PC la giong nhau khi vi x
ly truy xuat bo nh e on lenh, khi lenh ang c giai ma th thanh ghi PC tang len e chuan
b on lenh tiep theo, trong khi o noi dung cua thanh ghi a ch bo nh khong tang, trong suot
chu ky thc hien lenh, noi dung cua thanh ghi a ch phu thuoc vao lenh ang c thc hien,
neu lenh yeu cau vi x ly truy xuat bo nh th thanh ghi a ch bo nh c dung lan th 2
trong khi thc hien mot lenh.
Trong tat ca cac vi x ly, thanh ghi a ch bo nh co chieu dai bang vi thanh ghi PC.
f.
Thanh ghi lenh (instruction Register):
Thanh ghi lenh dung e cha ma lenh vi x ly ang thc hien.

Mot chu ky lenh bao gom on lenh t bo nh va thc hien lenh.
au tien la lenh c on t bo nh, sau o PC ch en lenh ke trong bo nh. Khi mot
lenh c on co ngha la d lieu trong o nh o c copy vao vi x ly thong qua bus d lieu
en thanh ghi lenh. Tiep theo lenh se c thc hien, trong khi thc hien lenh bo giai ma lenh
oc noi dung cua thanh ghi lenh. Bo giai ma se giai ma lenh e bao cho vi x ly thc hien chnh
xac cong viec ma lenh yeu cau.
Chieu dai t d lieu cua thanh ghi lenh tuy thuoc vao tng vi x ly.
Thanh ghi lenh do vi x ly s dung ngi lap trnh khong c s dung thanh ghi nay.
g. Thanh ghi cha d lieu tam thi (Temporary data Register):

Thanh ghi lu tr d lieu tam thi dung e ALU thc hien cac phep toan x ly d lieu. Do
ALU ch x ly d lieu khong co chc nang lu tr d lieu, bat ky d lieu nao a en ngo vao
cua ALU, lap tc se xuat hien ngo ra.
D lieu xuat hien tai ngo ra cua ALU c quyet nh bi lenh trong chng trnh yeu cau
ALU thc hien. ALU lay d lieu t bus d lieu ben trong vi x ly, x ly d lieu, sau o at d
lieu va x ly xong tr lai thanh ghi Accumulator, do o can phai co thanh ghi lu tr d lieu
tam thi e ALU thc hien. Ngi lap trnh khong c phep x dung cac thanh ghi tam thi.
So lng cac thanh ghi nay tuy thuoc vao tng vi x ly cu the.
h. Khoi ieu khien logic (control logic) va khoi giai ma lenh (instruction decoder):
Chc nang cua khoi giai ma lenh la nhan lenh t thanh ghi lenh sau o giai ma e gi tn
hieu ieu khien en cho khoi ieu khien logic.
Vi x ly
21
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Chc nang cua khoi ieu khien logic (control logic) la nhan lenh hay tn hieu ieu khien
t bo giai ma lenh, sau o se thc hien ung cac yeu cau cua lenh. Khoi ieu khien logic c
xem la mot vi x ly nho nam trong mot vi x ly.
Cac tn hieu ieu khien cua khoi ieu khien logic la cac tn hieu ieu khien bo nh, ieu
khien cac thiet b ngoai vi, cac ng tn hieu oc-ghi, ...va cac tn hieu ieu khien vi x ly t
cac thiet b ben ngoai. Cac ng tn hieu nay se c trnh bay cu the trong s o cua tng vi
x ly cu the.
Ngo tn hieu vao quan trong nhat cua khoi ieu khien logic la tn hieu clock can thiet cho
khoi ieu khien logic hoat ong. Neu khong co tn hieu clock th vi x ly khong lam viec. Mach
tao xung clock la cac mach dao ong, tn hieu c a en ngo vao clock cua vi x ly. Co
nhieu vi x ly co tch hp mach tao dao ong ben trong, khi o ch can them tu thach anh
ben ngoai.
i.
Bus d lieu ben trong vi x ly:
Bus d lieu dung e ket noi cac thanh ghi ben trong va ALU vi nhau, tat ca cac d lieu di
chuyen trong vi x ly eu thong qua bus d lieu nay. Cac thanh ghi ben trong co the nhan d
lieu t bus hay co the at d lieu len bus nen bus d lieu nay la bus d lieu 2 chieu. Bus d lieu
ben trong co the ket noi ra bus ben ngoai khi vi x ly can truy xuat d lieu t bo nh ben ngoai
hay cac thiet b IO. Bus d lieu ben ngoai cung la bus d lieu 2 chieu v vi x ly co the nhan d
lieu t ben ngoai hay gi d lieu ra.
e biet trnh t lam viec cua bus d lieu ben trong vi x ly hoat ong, hay cho vi x ly
thc hien mot lenh cong 2 so nh phan cha trong thanh ghi 2 thanh ghi: thanh ghi Accumulator
(goi tat la A) =1101 11102 va thanh ghi D=1101 10102.
Trnh t cong nh sau:
Trc khi thc hien lenh cong, noi dung cua 2 thanh ghi phai cha 2 d lieu va 2 thanh
ghi nay co the ang ket noi vi cac thiet b khac. e thc hien lenh cong noi dung 2
thanh ghi A va D th thanh ghi lenh phai mang ung ma lenh cua phep cong nay va gia
s ma lenh o la ADD. c trnh bay hnh 2-4.
D lieu cua thanh ghi A c at len bus d lieu ben trong vi x ly, mot trong 2 thanh
ghi lu tr d lieu tam thi c ket noi vi Bus d lieu. Thanh ghi tam thi se copy d
lieu cha trong thanh ghi A. Ch co thanh ghi A va thanh ghi tam thi c ket noi vi
bus tai thi iem nay. Xem hnh 2-5
D lieu cua thanh ghi D c ket noi vi bus d lieu va thanh ghi tam thi con lai cung
c phep ket noi vi bus d lieu. Thanh ghi tam thi se copy noi dung cua thanh ghi D.
Ch co thanh ghi D va thanh ghi tam thi c ket noi vi bus tai thi iem nay. Xem
hnh 2-6.
ALU se cong trc tiep 2 d lieu tai 2 ngo vao. Ngo ra cua ALU c ket noi vi thanh
ghi A, ket qua cua phep cong c nap vao thanh ghi A. Xem hnh 2-7.
Sau khi at ket qua vao trong thanh ghi A va cap nhat s thay oi cac bit trong thanh ghi
trang thai th s ket noi gia thanh A va khoi ALU cham dt, cac thanh ghi tam thi tr
lai trang thai san sang cho lenh tiep theo. Xem hnh 2-8
Phep cong 2 so nh phan:
1101 1110
+ 1101 1010
1 1011 1000
Carry negative
22
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 2-4. Trc khi cong d lieu.
Hnh 2-5. D lieu thanh ghi A c a en thanh ghi Temp1.

Vi x ly
23
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 2-6. D lieu thanh ghi D c a en thanh ghi Temp2.
Hnh 2-7. Ket qua lu tr lai thanh ghi A.
24
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 2-8. Cac thanh ghi tam tr lai trang thai ban au.
III.
LENH CUA VI X LY:

1.
TAP LENH CUA VI X LY:
Lenh cua vi x ly la mot d lieu so nh phan, khi vi x ly oc mot lenh th t d lieu nh

phan nay se yeu cau vi x ly lam mot cong viec n gian. Moi mot t d lieu tng ng vi
mot cong viec ma vi x ly phai lam. Hau het cac lenh cua vi x ly la cac lenh chuyen d lieu
va x ly d lieu.
Khi noi en tap lenh cua vi x ly tc noi en tat ca cac lenh ma vi x ly co the hieu va
thc hien c.
Neu tap lenh cua mot vi x ly giong vi tap lenh cua mot vi x ly khac th cau truc cua 2
vi x ly giong nhau.
o dai cua mot lenh bang vi o dai t d lieu cua vi x ly, oi vi vi x ly 8 bit th o
dai cua mot lenh la 8 bit, oi vi vi x ly 16 bit th o dai cua mot lenh la 16 bit, ...
Trong chu ky on lenh, ma lenh se c gi en thanh ghi lenh, bo giai ma lenh, va bo
ieu khien logic cua vi x ly. Chc nang cua cac khoi se xac nh lenh nay lam g va se gi cac
tn hieu ieu khien en cac mach ien logic khac trong vi x ly, cac tn hieu logic nay se thc
hien ung chc nang ma lenh yeu cau.
Hnh 2-9 minh hoa chu ky thc hien lenh:
Vi x ly
25
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
on lenh t bo nh
Giai ma lenh
Thc hien lenh
Hnh 2-9. Chu ky thc hien lenh cua vi x ly.
Mot lenh c thc hien can phai hoi u 2 yeu to:
Yeu to th nhat la lenh se yeu cau vi x ly thc hien cong viec g. V du yeu cau vi x
ly thc hien mot lenh cong: ADD, mot lenh dch chuyen d lieu: MOV, ... la nhng lenh ma vi
x ly co thc hien c.
Yeu to th hai la lenh phai cho vi x ly biet cac thong tin a ch tc la v tr cua cac d
lieu ma vi x ly phai thc hien. V du khi thc hien mot lenh cong noi dung 2 thanh ghi A va B,
hoac noi dung thanh ghi A va d lieu cha trong mot o nh. Yeu to th 2 trong trng hp nay
la cac thanh ghi A va B, hoac thanh ghi A va a ch cua o nh.
Yeu to th nhat goi la ma lenh : op code (operation code) va yeu to th 2 goi la a ch.
Ma lenh se bao cho vi x ly lam g va a ch se cho vi x ly biet v tr cua d lieu.
S o hnh 2-10 minh hoa cho cau truc 1 lenh.
Op code
Address
hoac
Op code
Address
Address
Hnh 2-10. Cau truc cua mot lenh bao gom ma lenh va a ch.
T d lieu au tien luon la ma lenh, cac t d lieu tiep theo la a ch. oi vi cac lenh
ch co mot t d lieu th a ch a c hieu ngam.
Do co nhieu cach ch cho vi x ly biet a ch cua d lieu c goi la cac kieu truy xuat bo
nh. Khi s dung mot vi x ly can phai biet cac kieu truy xuat nay.
2.
T GI NH (MNEMONICS):
Mot lenh cua vi x ly la cac con so nh phan. oi vi lenh ch co mot byte th rat kho
nh, neu lenh dai 2, 3, 4 hoac nhieu hn na th khong the nao nh het. e giam bt s phc
tap cua so nh phan co the dung so Hex e thay the, khi o cac lenh de viet va de oc hn
nhieu nhng cung khong the nao giup ngi s dung nh het c va quan trong nhat la khi viet
chng trnh cung nh luc g roi chng trnh.
26
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
e giai quyet van e nay lenh c viet thanh cac t gi nh rat gan vi chc nang va y
ngha cua cac lenh. Trong hau het cac t gi nh cua lenh, ma lenh c rut gon ch con
khoang 3 ky t. V du lenh di chuyen d lieu co t gi nh la MOV, lenh tr la SUB, ... Khi
lenh co cac a ch i sau th cac a ch nay van la cac con so. V du lenh nhay en mot o nh
viet nh sau:
JMP FA90H.
Khi s dung cac t gi nh nay giup ngi lap trnh rat de nh tat ca cac lenh cua vi x ly,
khi viet chng trnh ngi lap trnh dung cac t gi nh e viet chng trnh, cac t gi nh
nay tao thanh mot ngon ng goi la Assembly khi viet chng trnh bang ngon ng Assembly
th vi x ly se khong hieu muon vi x ly hieu va thc hien chng trnh th phai s dung
chng trnh bien dch Assembler e chuyen cac lenh viet di dang ngon ng Assembly thanh
cac lenh dang so nh phan va cac a ch dang nh phan tng ng roi nap vao bo nh th vi x
ly mi thc hien c.
3.
CAC NHOM LENH C BAN CUA VI X LY:

oi vi hau het cac vi x ly tap lenh c chia ra lam 9 nhom lenh c ban:
Nhom lenh truyen d lieu: Data transfers.
Nhom lenh trao oi, truyen khoi d lieu, lenh tm kiem: Exchanges, Block transfers,
Searches.
Nhom lenh so hoc va logic: arithmetic and logic.
Nhom lenh xoay va dch: Rotates and shifts.
Nhom lenh ieu khien CPU.
Nhom lenh ve bit: Bit set, bit reset, and bit test.
Nhom lenh nhay: Jumps.
Nhom lenh goi, tr ve va nhom lenh bat au: Calls, Return, and Restarts.
Nhom lenh xuat nhap: Input and Output.
Cac ma gi nh va cac ma nh phan cua tat ca cac lenh se c cho trong cac so tay
cua nha che tao oi vi tng vi x ly cu the.
4.
CAC KIEU TRUY XUAT A CH CUA MOT VI X LY:
Nh a trnh bay cac phan tren, vi x ly co the truy xuat bo nh bang nhieu cach e lay
d lieu. Vi x ly co nhieu cach truy xuat th chng trnh khi viet se cang ngan gon rat co li
cho ngi lap trnh va lam giam thi gian thc hien chng trnh.
Chu Y: Danh t truy xuat bo nh co ngha la tao ra a ch e truy xuat d lieu, vi x ly
truy xuat d lieu co the la lay d lieu t o nh hoac lu tr d lieu vao o nh. Co the goi la cac
kieu a ch hoa bo nh hay cac kieu tao a ch e truy xuat bo nh.
e biet vi x ly co bao nhieu cach truy xuat bo nh can phai khao sat tng vi x ly cu the.
Cac kieu truy xuat c cho trong cac so tay che tao.
Cac kieu truy xuat a ch c ban cua mot vi x ly (c goi tat la kieu nh a ch):
Kieu nh a ch ngam nh (Implied Addressing Mode).
Vi x ly
27
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Kieu nh a ch tc thi (Immediate Addressing Mode).

Kieu nh a ch trc tiep (Direct Addressing Mode).
Kieu nh a ch gian tiep dung thanh ghi (Register Indirect Addressing Mode).
Kieu nh a ch ch so (Indexed Addressing Mode).
Kieu nh a ch tng oi (Relative Addressing Mode).
a.
Kieu nh a ch ngam nh:

e hieu cac kieu truy xuat phai dung tap lenh cua mot vi x ly 8 bit.
V du lenh cong: ADD reg
Lenh nay c hieu la noi dung cua thanh ghi A c cong vi noi dung cua thanh ghi
Reg ket qua lu tr vao thanh ghi A.
b.
Kieu nh a ch tc thi:
Mot lenh c chia ra lam 2 phan th nhat la ma lenh hay con goi la ma cong tac, phan
th 2 la a ch. oi vi kieu a ch tc thi th phan th 2 la d lieu khong phai la a ch.
V du lenh nap mot d lieu tc thi vao thanh ghi A c viet nh sau: MVI A, FEH. Trong
o MVI la ma gi nh, FE la d lieu dang so Hex. V thanh ghi A ch co 8 bit nen d lieu tc
thi co o dai la 8 bit.
c.
Kieu nh a ch trc tiep:
V du lenh di chuyen noi dung cua mot o nh co a ch 8000H vao thanh ghi A: LDA
8000H. LDA la ma gi nh, a ch 8000H c viet trc tiep trong cau lenh, vi vi x ly 8 bit
co 16 ng a ch nen phai dung 4 so Hex e ch nh mot o nh.
oi vi nhng lenh dung kieu a ch trc tiep th lenh co o dai la 3 byte: mot byte la ma
lenh, 2 byte con lai la a ch cua o nh (oi vi vi x ly 8 bit).
d.
Kieu nh a ch gian tiep dung thanh ghi:
e minh hoa kieu a ch gian tiep dung thanh ghi ta dung lenh sau:
V du: MOV A,M. Lenh nay se di chuyen noi dung cua o nh M co a ch cha trong
mot cap thanh ghi. oi vi vi x ly 8085 th a ch nay thng cha trong cap thanh ghi HL, v
a ch 16 bit nen phai dung cap thanh ghi mi cha het 16 bit a ch.
Chu y khi dung lenh kieu nay ngi lap trnh phai quan ly gia tr trong cap thanh ghi.
e.
Kieu nh a ch ch so:
oi vi mot vai vi x ly co cac thanh ghi ch so (Index register) c dung cho kieu a
ch ch so.
Kieu a ch nay c thc hien bang cach cong byte th 2 cua lenh vi noi dung cua
thanh ghi ch so ID. V du: lenh cong noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung cua o nh co a ch
cha trong thanh ghi ch so ID vi byte d lieu th 2: ADD A, (ID +n) n la mot so co chieu
dai 8 bit.
28
Vi x ly
f.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Kieu nh a ch tng oi:
Kieu a ch nay gan giong nh kieu a ch ch so nhng thanh ghi ID c thay the bang
thanh ghi PC. a ch cua o nh can truy xuat c tnh bang cach cong noi dung hien tai cha
trong thanh ghi PC cong vi byte d lieu th 2.
V du lenh JP 05H : nhay en ti thc hien lenh co a ch cach bo em chng trnh PC la
5 byte.
IV.
KHAO SAT VI X LY 8 BIT Z80:
Sau khi khao sat mot vi x ly tong quat bay gi chung ta can khao sat mot vai vi x ly 8
bit cu the c s dung pho bien trong cac he thong ieu khien.
Mac du hien tai cac vi x ly ngay cang manh ve so bit, toc o lam viec cao, kha nang truy
xuat bo nh ln nhng cac vi x ly 8 bit van ton tai v chung c s dung trong cac he thong
ieu khien nho vi lng d lieu x ly khong nhieu v du nh may giat t ong th vi x ly ch
thc hien cac cong viec nh ieu khien ong c quay thuan nghch theo thi gian, hien th thi
gian tren led 7 oan, kiem tra cac valve e ong m nc, kiem tra mc nc,... lng d lieu
x ly khong nhieu neu so vi lng d lieu ma cac vi x ly cua may tnh x ly.
Trong phan nay chung ta khao sat 2 vi x ly 8 bit: vi x ly 8085 cua hang Intel va vi x ly
Z80 cua hang Zilog.
Vi x ly Z80 cua hang Zilog c phat trien t vi x ly goc 8080 cua hang Intel.
1.
S O CAU TRUC BEN TRONG CUA VI X LY Z80:

Cau truc cua vi x ly Z80 nh hnh 2-11 :
Trong s o cau truc cua vi x ly Z80 co:
Khoi ALU cung vi 2 thanh ghi co ten la Latch co chc nang giong nh a khao sat.
Khoi cac thanh ghi gom co: thanh ghi A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F, A, B, C, D, E, H, L,
F, IP, PC, SP, IX va IY.
Bus d lieu 2 chieu D0 D7 dung giao tiep d lieu vi cac thiet b nen ngoai khoi
em bus d lieu co chc nang em e cho phep ket noi nhieu thiet b hay tang
fan_out.
Bus d lieu ben trong cho phep lien lac d lieu gia cac khoi.
Bus a ch mot chieu gom co 16 ng co chc nang tai a ch e truy xuat bo nh
va thiet b ngoai vi, khoi em bus a ch dung e tang fan-out.
Khoi giai ma lenh dung e giai ma lenh cho khoi ieu khien thc hien lenh.
Khoi ieu khien ngat.
Cac khoi con bao gom: khoi ieu khien bus, khoi ieu khien oc ghi bo nh, oc ghi IO,
khoi ieu khien vi x ly, khoi reset va lam ti.
Nguon s dung cho vi x ly la +5V, xung clock c cung cap t ben ngoai.
Vi x ly
29
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 2-11. S o cau truc ben trong cua vi x ly Z80.
2.
TO CHC THANH GHI BEN TRONG CUA VI X LY Z80:
Vi x ly Z80 co 16 thanh ghi 8 bit va 4 thanh ghi 16 bit c trnh bay nh hnh 2-12. Tat
ca cac thanh ghi cua vi x ly Z80 c s dung giong nh cac o nh RAM tnh. Cac thanh ghi
bao gom 2 nhom thanh ghi thong dung co the s dung mot cach oc lap nh nhng thanh ghi 8
bit hoac co the ket hp lai tao thanh nhng cap thanh ghi 16 bit. Moi nhom thanh ghi gom 6
thanh ghi thong dung, mot thanh ghi tch luy A va mot thanh ghi trang thai.
Thanh ghi PC: thanh ghi nay giong nh thanh ghi PC a trnh bay. Thanh ghi nay cha
a ch cua lenh hien hanh ang c on t bo nh. Noi dung cua thanh ghi PC c tang len
e quan ly lenh tiep theo sau khi noi dung cua no c chuyen sang bus a ch. Khi thc hien
lenh Jump th a ch cua lenh ni nhay en se c at vao thanh ghi PC va se ghi e len gia
tr a tang.
30
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 2-12. S o chan cua vi x ly Z80.
Thanh ghi SP: thanh ghi nay giong nh thanh ghi SP a trnh bay. Thanh ghi SP cha a
ch hien hanh cua bo nh ngan xep nam trong vung bo nh RAM. Vung nh RAM ben ngoai
c to chc theo kieu vao sau ra trc (LIFO). D lieu cua cac thanh ghi c cat vao ngan
xep hoac c lay ra khoi ngan xep bang cach thc hien cac lenh PUSH va POP. Bo nh ngan
xep con c dung e lu tr a ch cua thanh ghi PC khi thc hien lenh goi chng trnh con
hay khi CPU b ngat.
Thanh ghi ch so IX va IY: 2 thanh ghi ch so lu a ch 16 bit c dung cho kieu nh
a ch dung ch so. Trong kieu nh a ch nay th mot thanh ghi se quan ly a ch cua vung d
lieu c lu tr hoac quan ly a ch cua vung d lieu can di chuyen.
Ngoai ra 2 thanh ghi nay con c s dung trong kieu nh a ch dung ch so co o di
se tien ch hn khi bang d lieu c s dung.
Thanh ghi lu a ch ngat (I): thng th cac ngat cua vi x ly co 1 a ch ngat co nh

v du nh ngat khong ngan c NMI th khi vi x ly ap ng ngat nay no se thc hien chng
trnh phuc vu ngat tai a ch 0066H do nha thiet ke qui nh. Vi kieu nh vay th ch co mot
chng trnh con phuc vu ngat va phai bat au tai a ch qui nh. e ap ng c nhieu
chng trnh con phuc vu ngat khac nhau th nha thiet ke vi x ly Z80 s dung ngat INT va viec
x ly a ch nh sau: a ch cua chng trnh con phuc vu ngat la 16 bit, trong o 8 bit cao c
lu trong thanh ghi I, con 8 bit a ch thap th do thiet b yeu cau ngat cung cap.
Cau truc nay cho phep cac chng trnh con phuc vu ngat co the nh v tai bat ky v tr
nao trong vung nh vi thi gian nhay en thc hien chng trnh con phuc vu ngat la toi thieu.
Thanh ghi lam ti bo nh R (refresh register): vi x ly Z80 co mot bo em lam ti
bo nh e cho phep s dung bo nh ong DRAM giong nh SRAM. 7 bit cua thanh ghi 8 bit nay
chnh la bo em se t ong tang gia tr sau moi chu ky on lenh t bo nh. Bit th 8 con lai co
the lap trnh c t lenh LD R, A. D lieu em trong bo em 7 bit c gi en bus a ch
thap cung vi tn hieu lam ti bo nh khi CPU ang giai ma lenh va thc hien lenh a on ve.
Vi kieu lam ti bo nh nh the se khong lam cham toc o lam viec cua CPU.
Trong khoang thi gian lam ti bo nh th noi dung cua thanh ghi I c at len 8 bit cao
cua bus a ch.
Vi x ly
31
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Thanh ghi Accumulator va thanh ghi Flag: vi x ly Z80 co 2 thanh ghi A va 2 thanh
ghi c 8 bit. Hoat ong cua cac thanh ghi nay giong nh a trnh bay phan trc.
Cac thanh ghi thong dung: vi x ly Z80 co 2 nhom thanh ghi thong dung moi nhom
co 8 thanh ghi 8 bit co the s dung nh nhng thanh ghi 8 bit oc lap hay cung co the s dung
nh nhng cap thanh ghi 16 bit. Mot nhom c goi la BC, DE va HL trong khi nhom con lai la
BC, DE va HL.
Tai moi mot thi iem, ngi lap trnh co the la chon 1 trong 2 nhom thanh ghi e lam
viec thong qua lenh. Trong nhng he thong oi hoi ap ng ngat nhanh th nhom cac thanh ghi
thong dung cung vi thanh ghi A, thanh ghi c co the c e danh s dung cho chng trnh
con phuc vu ngat yeu cau ap ng nhanh ch can thc hien 1 lenh trao oi e chuyen sang
chng trnh con. Chc nang nay lam thi gian ap ng yeu cau ngat nhanh hn v neu khong
co chc nang nay th phai tien hanh cat d lieu cua cac thanh ghi vao bo nh ngan xep lam ton
nhieu thi gian trc khi thc hien chng trnh con phuc vu ngat.
Khoi ALU: khoi ALU ben trong vi x ly Z80 co chc nang thc hien cac lenh so hoc va
lenh logic. Khoi ALU ket noi vi cac thanh ghi ben trong va bus d lieu ben ngoai thong qua
bus d lieu ben trong. Cac lenh c thc hien bi khoi ALU bao gom:
Lenh cong, lenh tr, lenh AND, lenh OR, lenh EX-OR, lenh so sanh , lenh dch trai, dch
phai, lenh xoay, lenh tang, lenh giam, lenh set bit, lenh reset bit lenh test bit.
Thanh ghi lenh IR va khoi ieu khien CPU: moi ma lenh c on ve t bo nh se lu
trong thanh ghi lenh IR va se c giai ma. Cac thanh phan cua khoi ieu khien se thc hien
chc nang nay, sau o khoi ieu khien tao ra va cung cap cac tn hieu ieu khien can thiet e
oc d lieu t cac thanh ghi hoac ghi d lieu len cac thanh ghi, ieu khien khoi ALU thc hien
phep toan va tao ra cac tn hieu ieu khien cac oi tng ben ngoai.
3.
CHC NANG CAC CHAN CUA VI X LY Z80:

Vi x ly Z80 co s o chan nh hnh 2-13:
Vi x ly Z80 co 40 chan, trong o:
Bus a ch co 16 chan t A0 A15.
Bus d lieu co 8 chan t D0 D7.
Bus ieu khien he thong co 6 chan: M 1 , MREQ , IORQ , RD , WR , RFSH
ieu khien CPU co 5 chan: HALT , WAIT , INT , NMI , RESET
ieu khien bus co 2 chan: BUSRQ , BUSACK
Nguon cung cap 2 chan: Vcc va GND.
Nguon nhan xung clock 1 chan CLK.
Giong nh vi x ly tong quat th chc nang cua bus a ch dung e tai a ch khi vi x ly
truy xuat bo nh hoac ngoai vi IO. Chc nang cua bus d lieu la tai d lieu gia vi x ly vi bo
nh hoac thiet b ngoai vi. Hai bus a ch va d lieu dung e ket noi vi bo nh va ngoai vi IO.
Tn hieu RD , WR , MREQ , IORQ : la cac chan xuat tn hieu, khi vi x ly ieu khien cac
chan RD , WR cung vi tn hieu MREQ e thc hien qua trnh oc hoac ghi d lieu gia vi x
32
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
ly vi bo nh. Khi vi x ly ieu khien cac chan RD , WR cung vi tn hieu IORQ e thc hien
qua trnh oc hoac ghi d lieu gia vi x ly vi thiet b ngoai vi IO. Trong he thong ta phai s
dung cac chan nay e giao tiep vi bo nh va ngoai vi IO.
Hnh 2-13. S o chan cua vi x ly Z80.
Tn hieu RFSH : dung e ieu khien lam ti bo nh DRAM. Khi khong can lam ti th
chan nay e trong.
Tn hieu M 1 : la tn hieu bao hieu mot chu ky may. Tn hieu M 1 ket hp vi tn hieu
MREQ e xac nh chu ky may hien tai la chu ky on lenh trong qua trnh thc hien lenh. Tn
hieu M 1 ket hp vi tn hieu IORQ e xac nh chu ky tra li ngat.
Tn hieu INT : la tn hieu yeu cau ngat t ben ngoai hay t thiet b ngoai vi tch cc mc
thap. CPU se thc hien yeu cau ngat sau khi thc hien xong lenh ang thc hien va tr khi ngat
nay c cho phep bi phan mem. Khi s dung th ngo vao nay thng noi vi ien tr keo
len e khi tac ong th xuong mc thap.
Tn hieu NMI : la tn hieu yeu cau ngat t ben ngoai hay t thiet b ngoai vi tch cc canh
xuong. Ngat NMI co mc u tien cao hn so vi ngat INT va la tn hieu ngat khong the ngan
c. CPU se thc hien yeu cau ngat sau khi thc hien xong lenh ang thc hien, a ch cua
chng trnh con phuc vu ngat tai a ch 0066H.
Tn hieu RESET : la tn hieu ngo vao tch cc mc thap, khi ngo vao reset b tac ong th
CPU se reset tat ca cac bit cho phep ngat, xoa thanh ghi PC, cac thanh ghi I va R thiet lap trang
thai ngat mode 0. Trong khoang thi gian ngat th cac bus a ch va bus d lieu trang thai
Vi x ly
33
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
tong tr cao, tat ca cac ng tn hieu ieu khien eu trang thai khong tch cc. Chu y tn hieu
reset phai trang thai tch cc trong khoang thi gian t nhat la 3 chu ky xung clock.
Tn hieu WAIT : la tn hieu ngo vao tch cc mc thap, tn hieu nay (khi mc cao) dung
e bao cho CPU biet o nh ang truy xuat hay thiet b ngoai vi ang truy xuat cha san sang
cho viec nhan hay gi d lieu. CPU se vao trang thai ch cho en khi tn hieu WAIT tr lai
trang thai tch cc mc thap.
Tn hieu HALT : la tn hieu ngo ra tch cc mc thap, tn hieu nay (khi mc cao) dung
e bao cho thiet b ben ngoai biet: CPU ang thc hien lenh HALT va ang i mot trong 2 yeu
cau ngat xay ra trc khi khoi phuc lai hoat ong bnh thng. Trong khoang thi gian HALT
th CPU thc hien lenh NOP e tiep tuc gi hoat ong lam ti bo nh.
Tn hieu BUSRQ : la tn hieu ngo vao tch cc mc thap, tn hieu nay co mc u tien cao
hn ngat khong che c NMI va no se c thc hien ngay sau moi chu ky may hay chu ky
xung clock. Tn hieu nay se yeu cau vi x ly ieu khien bus a ch, bus d lieu va cac ng
tn hieu ieu khien MREQ , IORQ , RD , WR trang thai tong tr cao va thiet b khac co the s
dung cac bus trong he thong.
Tn hieu BUSACK : la tn hieu ngo ra tch cc mc thap, tn hieu nay xac nh CPU ieu
khien bus a ch, bus d lieu va cac ng tn hieu ieu khien MREQ , IORQ , RD , WR
trang thai tong tr cao va thiet b khac co the s dung cac bus trong he thong. Ta co the xem tn
hieu BUSACK la tn hieu tra li cua CPU khi CPU nhan tn hieu yeu cau nhng bus BUSRQ .
4.
GIAN O THI GIAN CUA VI X LY Z80:

Vi x ly Z80 thc hien cac lenh theo tng bc thong qua cac hoat ong c ban bao gom:
on lenh.
oc hoac ghi bo nh.
oc hoac ghi IO.
Yeu cau bus/tra li bus.
Yeu cau ngat/tra li ngat.
ap ng ngat khong ngan c.
Tat ca cac lenh la mot chuoi hoat ong c ban noi tiep nhau. Moi mot hoat ong co the
thc hien t 3 chu ky xung clock en 6 chu ky xung clock e hoan tat hoac co the b keo dai hn
e ong bo toc o lam viec cua CPU vi toc o lam viec cua cac thiet b ben ngoai.
Cac chu ky xung clock c xem la cac chu ky T (time) va cac hoat ong c xem la cac
chu ky may M (machine). Hnh 2-14 minh hoa cac chu ky xung clock T va chu ky may M khi
CPU thc hien lien tuc cac lenh:
Chu y lenh nay bao gom 3 chu ky may M1, M2 va M3.
chu ky may th nhat cua bat ky lenh nao chnh la chu ky on lenh t bo nh chu ky
nay can t 4, 5 hoac 6 chu ky xung clock T. Chu ky on lenh c s dung e on ma lenh cua
lenh ke e thc hien.
34
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Tiep theo la cac chu ky di chuyen d lieu (oc hoac ghi) gia CPU va bo nh hoac thiet b
ngoai vi IO xay ra khoang t 3 en 5 chu ky xung clock T.
Trong khoang thi gian T2 va moi chu ky i Tw theo sau th CPU se lay mau tn hieu
ngo vao WAIT khi co canh xuong cua xung clock. Neu tn hieu WAIT trang thai tch cc th
mot chu ky i tiep theo se c thc hien. S dung ky thuat nay e CPU co the keo dai thi
gian oc hoac ghi e tng thch vi bat ky loai bo nh nao.
Hnh 2-14. Cac chu ky may cua vi x ly Z80.
Chu ky on lenh: hnh 2-15 la gian o thi gian cua chu ky on lenh t bo nh hay chu
ky M1. Trong chu ky nay CPU at a ch len bus a ch tai thi iem bat au cua chu ky M1.
Sau na chu ky cua xung clock: th tn hieu MREQ chuyen sang trang thai tch cc. Tai thi
iem nay a ch tren bus a co u thi gian e on nh, do o canh xuong cua tn hieu MREQ
c dung nh xung clock cho phep chip oi vi bo nh ong.
Tn hieu RD cung chuyen sang trang thai tch cc e xac nh rang d lieu oc t bo nh
se c phep vao bus d lieu cua CPU.
Hnh 2-15. Chu ky on ma lenh.

Vi x ly
35
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
CPU se lay mau d lieu t bo nh tren bus d lieu khi co canh len cua xung clock chu
ky T3 va ong thi CPU se chuyen cac tn hieu MREQ , RD sang trang thai khong tch cc.
Vay CPU a lay d lieu trc khi chuyen tn hieu RD sang trang thai khong tch cc. Cac chu
ky T3 va T4 dung e lam ti cac bo nh RAM ong. CPU se dung cac khoang thi gian nay e
giai ma lenh va thc hien lenh a c on nen se khong co hoat ong nao c thc hien tong
khoang thi gian cua T3 va T4.
Chu y d lieu oc chu ky nay la ma lenh.
Chu ky oc hoac ghi d lieu : hnh 2-16 la gian o thi gian cua chu ky oc hoac ghi
d lieu gia CPU vi bo nh khac vi chu ky on lenh. Tn hieu MREQ va tn hieu RD c
ieu khien giong nhau trong chu ky oc d lieu.
Trong chu ky ghi d lieu len bo nh, tn hieu MREQ cung trang thai tch cc khi a ch
tren bus a on nh nen no c dung nh la tn hieu cho phep oi vi bo nh ong.
Tn hieu WR se chuyen sang trang thai tch cc khi d lieu tren bus a on nh nen no
c dung e ieu khien chan WR cua bo nh e yeu cau bo nh cat d lieu tren bus d lieu.
Tn hieu WR se chuyen sang trang thai khong tch cc trc khi a ch va d lieu tren bus
thay oi hay trc khi chuyen sang chu ky may ke tiep.
Hnh 2-16. Chu ky oc hoac ghi bo nh.
Chu ky oc hoac ghi ngoai vi : hnh 2-17 la gian o thi gian cua chu ky oc hoac ghi
d lieu gia CPU va thiet b ngoai vi. Trong khoang thi gian oc/ghi IO th CPU thng t
ong xen vao 1 chu ky i. Ly do chen them 1 chu ky i la do khoang thi gian CPU ieu
khien chan IORQ sang trang thai tch cc cho en khi lay mau rat ngan. Neu khong chen them
chu ky i th cac thiet b IO loai MOS se khong bat kp toc o lam viec cua CPU.
Trong khoang thi gian i th tn hieu i WAIT se c lay mau.
Trong hoat ong oc d lieu t IO th tn hieu RD c dung e yeu cau thiet b IO a ch
nh xuat d lieu, trong hoat ong ghi d lieu len IO th tn hieu WR c dung e yeu cau thiet
b IO a ch nh nhan d lieu.
36
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 2-17. Chu ky oc hoac ghi thiet b ngoai vi.
Chu ky yeu cau bus/tra li yeu cau bus : hnh 2-18 la gian o thi gian cua chu ky
yeu cau bus /tra li bus. Tn hieu BUSRQ c CPU lay mau khi co canh len cua xung clock
cuoi cung cua moi chu ky may. Neu tn hieu BUSRQ trang thai tch cc th CPU thiet lap bus
a ch, bus d lieu va cac tn hieu ieu khien 3 trang thai sang trang thai tong tr cao ngay khi
co canh len cua xung clock ke. Tai thi iem nay bat ky thiet b nao ben ngoai co the ieu
khien cac bus e chuyen d lieu gia bo nh va cac thiet b ngoai vi IO hoat ong nay thng
c goi la truy xuat bo nh trc tiep DMA (direct memory access).
Hnh 2-18. Chu ky yeu cau bus/ tra li bus.
Thi gian toi a e CPU ap ng yeu cau nhng bus dai ung bang 1 chu ky may va
thiet b yeu cau nhng bus phai gi tn hieu ieu khien BUSRQ trang thai tch cc trong
khoang ung bang 1 chu ky may. Neu thi gian yeu cau nhng bus qua dai va neu he thong s
dung bo nh ong th thiet b yeu cau nhng bus phai thc hien cong viec lam ti bo nh.
Trng hp nay ch xay ra khi khoi lng d lieu qua ln can phai di chuyen bi DMA. Trong
Vi x ly
37
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
khoang thi gian thc hien yeu cau nhng bus th CPU khong the thc hien bat ky yeu cau
ngat nao cho du la ngat khong che c.
Chu ky yeu cau ngat/tra li ngat : hnh 2-19 la gian o thi gian thc hien yeu cau
ngat cua CPU. CPU lay mau tn hieu INT khi co canh len cua xung clock cuoi cung cua moi
chu ky on ma lenh. Tn hieu ngat INT se khong c ap ng neu nh b cam bi phan mem
hoac tn hieu yeu cau nhng bus ang trang thai tch cc. Trong khoang thi gian cua chu ky
M1 ke tiep, tn hieu IORQ tr nen tch cc e xac nh rang thiet b yeu cau ngat co the at
vector a ch ngat len bus d lieu. Hai chu ky trang thai i c t ong them vao trong chu
ky ap ng yeu cau ngat. Hai trang thai nay c them vao e u thi gian cho cac tn hieu e
on nh va xac nh thiet b yeu cau ngat nao can phai a vector a ch ngat.
Hnh 2-19. Chu ky ngat va ap ng yeu cau ngat.
ap ng ngat khong ngan c : hnh 2-20 la gian o thi gian thc hien yeu cau
ngat khong ngan c NMI cua CPU. CPU lay mau tn hieu NMI giong nh ngat INT nhng
yeu cau ngat NMI co mc o u tien cao nhat va khong the cam bang phan mem. Ngat nay
thng c s dung e CPU ap ng tc thi cho nhng yeu cau quan trong nh s co hong
cua nguon ien.
Hnh 2-20. Gian o thi gian cua ngat khong ngan c NMI .
38
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
CPU ap ng yeu cau ngat khong ngan c NMI tng t nh hoat ong oc bo nh
bnh thng. S khac biet la noi dung cua d lieu tren bus b bo qua trong khi o vi x ly t
ong lu tr noi dung cua thanh ghi PC ( la a ch lenh ke) vao bo nh ngan xep ben ngoai va
thc hien chng trnh tai a ch 0066H. Chng trnh con phuc vu ngat phai c viet tai a
ch nay.
Lenh Halt: khi thc hien lenh Halt th CPU thc hien lenh NOP cho en khi CPU nhan
c tn hieu yeu cau ngat ( INT hoac NMI ). Hai tn hieu ngat nay c lay mau khi co canh
len cua xung clock moi chu ky T4 nh hnh 2-21.
Khi co yeu cau ngat khong ngan c NMI hoac ngat INT c cho phep bi phan mem
th sau o CPU se thoat khoi trang thai Halt khi co canh len cua xung clock ke.
Chu ky tiep theo la ap ng yeu cau ngat tuy thuoc vao ngat nhan c. Neu ca 2 ngat
cung xay ra th ngat co mc u tien cao hn se c ap ng chnh la ngat NMI .
Chc nang thc hien lenh NOP khi CPU trang thai Halt nham e lam ti bo nh RAM
ong. Moi chu ky trong trang thai Halt c xem la chu ky M1 (on lenh) ch ngoai tr d lieu
nhan t bo nh b bo qua va lenh NOP c thc hien ben trong vi x ly. Tn hieu tra li HALT
se trang thai tch cc e bao cho biet vi x ly ang trang thai HALT.
Hnh 2-21. Gian o thi gian cua lenh HALT.
5.
AP NG YEU CAU NGAT CUA VI X LY Z80:
Gii thieu:
Mot yeu cau ngat cho phep cac thiet b ngoai vi ngng hoat ong cua CPU va yeu cau
CPU phai thc hien chng trnh con phuc vu ngat cua thiet b yeu cau ngat o. Chng trnh
con phuc vu ngat bao gom cac cong viec trao oi d lieu, trang thai hoac cac thong tin ieu
khien gia CPU va thiet b ngoai vi. Khi chng trnh phuc vu ngat ket thuc th CPU tr lai thc
hien tiep chng trnh ang gian oan.
Cho phep/cam ngat:

Vi x ly Z80 co 2 ngo vao ngat: mot la ngat co the che c INT (cho phep/cam bang
phan mem ) va mot ngat khong the che c NMI . Ngat khong the che c co ngha la khong
the cam bang phan mem, ngat nay thng c s dung cho cac chc nang quan trong c la
chon bi ngi lap trnh.
oi vi ngat co the che c INT th Z80 co mot flip flop cho phep ngat (Interrupt Flip
Flop = IFF) va ngi lap trnh co the set hay reset bang cach dung cac lenh cho phep ngat EI
Vi x ly
39
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
(Enable Interrupt) va lenh cam ngat DI (Disable Interrupt). Khi bit IFF b reset th CPU se
khong thc hien yeu cau ngat INT .
Co 2 bit flip flop nh hnh 2-22:
Hnh 2-22. Hai bit flip flop IFF1 va IFF2 cua ngat INT .
Khi CPU b reset th CPU se reset ca 2 bit IFF1 va IFF2 e cam ngat. Cac yeu cau co the
c phep tai bat ky thi iem nao phu thuoc vao lenh EI cua ngi lap trnh. Khi lenh EI c
thc hien th bat ky yeu cau ngat nao ang i (v cha c phep) th se c ap ng ngay
sau khi CPU thc hien xong lenh EI.
Mot lenh tr hoan la rat can thiet c thc hien trc khi thc hien lenh ket thuc chng
trnh con phuc vu ngat tr lai chng trnh chnh. Cac yeu cau ngat khong c phep cho en
khi thc hien xong lenh tr ve. Khi CPU thc hien yeu cau ngat co the che c th ca 2 bit
IFF1 va IFF2 b reset e cam cac yeu cau ngat khac cho en khi thc hien lai lenh EI.
Vai tro cua bit IFF2 la cat trang thai cua IFF1 khi xay ra yeu cau ngat khong ngan c
NMI . Khi yeu cau ngat NMI c chap nhan th bit IFF1 b reset e cam cac yeu cau ngat
khac xay ra cho en khi c cho phep tr lai bi ngi lap trnh. Vay sau khi ngat NMI c
chap nhan, cac yeu cau ngat co the ngan c b cam nhng trang thai trc o cua IFF1 c
cat e tiep tuc cho phep ngat sau khi CPU thc hien xong yeu cau ngat NMI . Khi lenh LD
A,I hoac lenh LD A,R c thc hien th trang thai cua IFF2 c copy vao c chan le trong
thanh ghi trang thai e kiem tra hay e lu tr.
Mot phng phap khac e khoi phuc lai trang thai cua IFF1 bang cach thc hien lenh tr
ve t lenh ngat khong ngan c RETI (return from non mask able interrupt). Lenh RETI la
lenh ket thuc chng trnh con phuc vu ngat e tr ve chng trnh chnh va noi dung cua IFF2
c copy tr lai IFF1 e cho trang thai cua IFF1 trc khi chap nhan yeu cau ngat khong ngan
c t ong khoi phuc.
Bang liet ke trang thai cac flip flop cho phep /cam ngat:
40
Hoat ong
IFF1
IFF2
Dien giai
Khi CPU b reset
Ngat ngan c b cam
Thc hien lenh DI
Ngat ngan c b cam
Thc hien lenh EI
Ngat ngan c c phep
Thc hien lenh LD A,I
IFF2 c chan le
Thc hien lenh LD A,R
IFF2 c chan le
Thc hien ngat NMI
Ngat ngan c b cam
Thc hien lenh RETI
IFF2
IFF2 xac nh ket thuc chng

Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
trnh con phuc vu ngat khong the

ngan c.
Bang 2-1. Bang liet ke cac trang thai bit IFF1 va IFF2.
Ngat khong ngan c:

CPU thng chap nhan yeu cau ngat khong ngan c. Khi ngat nay xay ra th CPU
khong thc hien lenh ke ma tien hanh thc hien lenh bat au tai a ch 0066H. Hoat ong nay
cua CPU giong nh thc hien lenh khi ong lai nhng khac a ch. Lenh khi ong n thuan
ch la lenh goi chng trnh tai mot a ch ac biet trong trang th 0 cua bo nh.
CPU co the c lap trnh e ap ng ngat co the ngan c bang mot trong 3 cach.
Mode 0:
Trong mode nay thiet b yeu cau ngat co the at bat ky lenh nao len bus d lieu va CPU
se thc hien. Do o thiet b yeu cau ngat cung cap lenh ke e c thc hien. Thng la lenh
khi ong lai bi v thiet b yeu cau ngat ch can cung cap mot byte ma lenh duy nhat.
Tng t oi vi lenh khac chang han nh lenh call (co 3 byte ma lenh) th chng trnh
co the thc hien tai bat ky v tr nao trong bo nh.
So lng chu ky xung clock can thiet e thc hien ap ng ngat nhieu hn thc hien lenh
bnh thng 2 chu ky xung clock. Ly do la CPU t ong them vao 2 chu ky i e chu ky ap
ng yeu cau ngat co u thi gian thc hien. Sau khi reset th CPU se t ong hoat ong mode
0.
Mode 1:
Khi mode 1 c la chon bi ngi lap trnh th CPU ap ng ngat bang cach thc hien
chng trnh bat au tai a ch 0038H giong nh ngat khong ngan c th thc hien a ch
0066H.
So lng chu ky yeu cau e thc hien nhieu hn 2 chu ky do CPU cong them 2 chu ky i.
Mode 2:
ay la mode manh nhat trong cac mode ap ng yeu cau ngat. Vi byte 8 bit duy nhat t
ngi dung th mot lenh goi gian tiep co the c thc hien bat ky o nh nao.
Trong mode nay ngi lap trnh thiet lap mot bang cac a ch bat au 16 bit cho moi
chng trnh con phuc vu ngat nh hnh 2-23. Bang nay co the c nh v bat ky v tr nao
trong bo nh. Khi ngat c chap nhan th con tro 16 bit phai c thiet lap e co c a ch
bat au chng trnh con phuc vu ngat yeu cau trong bang a ch.
8 bit a ch cao cua con tro c thiet lap t noi dung cua thanh ghi I, thanh ghi I phai
c nap gia tr a ch cua chng trnh con bi ngi lap trnh bang lenh LD I,A. Khi CPU
b reset th gia tr trong thanh ghi I bang 00H.
8 bit a ch thap cua con tro phai c cung cap bi thiet b ngat. Ch co 7 bit c yeu
cau t thiet b yeu cau ngat con bit LSB phai bang 0. ieu nay la bat buoc bi v con tro c
s dung e lay 2 byte lien tiep e tao a ch bat au cua chng trnh con phuc vu ngat 16 bit
va cac a ch phai luon bat au tai o nh co a ch chan.
Vi x ly
41
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 2-23. ap ng ngat mode 2.
Byte th nhat trong bang la byte a ch thap. Ngi lap trnh phai thiet lap ay u a ch
chnh xac trc khi yeu cau c chap nhan.
Ngi lap trnh co the thay oi bang a ch e mot yeu cau ngat co the thc hien nhieu
chng trnh con phuc vu ngat khac nhau.
Khi thiet b yeu cau ngat cung cap a ch thap en con tro th CPU t ong cat a ch cua
thanh ghi PC vao bo nh ngan xep, nhan a ch bat au cua chng trnh con phuc vu ngat t
bang va bat au thc hien chng trnh tai a ch o.
Mode nay can 19 chu ky xung clock e thc hien (7 chu ky e on 8 bit a ch thap t
thiet b yeu cau ngat, 6 chu ky e cat noi dung thanh ghi PC vao bo nh ngan xep va 6 chu ky
e nhay en a ch cua chng trnh con phuc vu ngat).
6.
PHAN CNG VA PHAN MEM CUA VI X LY Z80:
a.
Phan cng:
He thong toi thieu :

Trong phan nay se gii thieu cac he thong ng dung dung vi x ly Z80. Hnh 2-24 trnh
bay mot he thong n gian dung Z80.
Hnh 2-24. He thong toi thieu dung vi x ly Z80.
42
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bat ky he thong dung vi x ly Z80 eu phai co cac khoi sau:
Khoi nguon cung cap 5V.
Khoi dao ong.
Cac IC nh.
Cac mach ien ket noi vi thiet b ngoai vi.
CPU Z80.
Bo nh ngoai cua Z80 co the la tong hp 2 bo nh chuan RAM, ROM hoac PROM. Trong
hnh 2-24 co bo nh ROM 8Kbit (1kbyte), cac thanh ghi ben trong u e lam cac o nh co the
oc ghi nen khong can them bo nh Ram ben ngoai.
Cac mach IO cho phep he thong giao tiep vi cac thiet b ben ngoai. Trong hnh 2-24 co 8
ngo ra ieu khien va co 8 ngo vao nhan tn hieu t ben ngoai. Cac d lieu t ben ngoai co the
a vao ben trong vi x ly thong khoi ieu khien 3 trang thai, khoi ngo ra c chot bi mach
chot dung TTL chuan. IC IO Z80 PIO se thc hien chc nang nay.
M rong bo nh RAM :
Hau het cac he thong may tnh eu dung bo nh m rong Read/Write e lu tr d lieu va
lam bo nh ngan xep. Hnh 2-25 trnh bay bo nh co 256 byte bo nh RAM tnh c them vao
he thong hnh 2-24. Khong gian bo nh c them vao co a ch nh sau:
a ch cua bo nh c mo ta dang so HEX. Khi phan tch ra thanh so nh phan th bit

a ch A10 se la ng phan chia bo nh ROM va bo nh RAM nen se dung ng a ch nay
e ieu khien chon chip. Khi lng bo nh m rong kha ln co nhieu RAM, nhieu ROM th
phai dung mach giai ma TTL e thc hien chon chip.
Hnh 2-25. M rong them bo nh.
ieu khien toc o bo nh :

Vi x ly
43
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bo nh co toc o thap th gia thanh cung thap dan en gia thanh cua he thong cung thap.
Tn hieu WAIT cua vi x ly cho phep vi x ly co the lam viec vi cac bo nh co toc o bat ky
nhanh hay cham. Nh a trnh bay phan gian o thi gian truy xuat bo nh, tat ca cac chu ky
truy xuat bo nh se hoan tat trong khoang thi gian na chu ky, tuy nhien trong mot so trng
hp can phai them mot chu ky i trong chu ky M1 e co the s dung cac bo nh co toc o
cham.
Hnh 2-26 la mot mach ien n gian e cong them mot chu ky i. Mach ien hnh 2-26
co the thay oi nh hnh 2-27 e co the cong them mot chu ky i e truy xuat bat ky bo nh
nao.
Hnh 2-26. Them mot chu ky i vao chu ky M1.
Hnh 2-27. Them mot chu ky i e truy xuat bo nh bat ky.
Giao tiep vi bo nh ong:

Moi bo nh RAM ong co cac thong so lam viec. Hnh 2-28 minh hoa mach ien dung
cac cong logic e giao tiep bo nh RAM ong 8 kbyte s dung 2 bo nh 4Kbyte.
Gia s ng a ch A12 c dung lam ng ieu khien chon chip select.
44
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong khoang thi gian lam ti bo nh, tat ca cac bo nh trong he thong phai c oc.
CPU cung cap a ch lam ti bo nh tren cac ng a ch t A0 en A6. Khi m rong bo nh
cho he thong nay th ch can thay the cac cong logic hoat ong vi ng a ch A12 bang
mach giai ma hoat ong vi cac ng a ch con lai tuy dung lng bo nh m rong them.
Can phai co cac bo em cho cac ng a ch khi he thong giao tiep nhieu bo nh.
Hnh 2-28. Them mot chu ky i e truy xuat bo nh bat ky.
b.
Phan mem va cac chng trnh v du :
Tong quan ve cau truc phan mem :

Tap lenh cua vi x ly Z80 cung cap cho ngi s dung tat ca cac hoat ong e ieu khien
cpu Z80. Cac thanh ghi chnh, thanh ghi luan phien va cac thanh ghi ch so co the lu tr d lieu
cho cac lenh logic va lenh so hoc, lu tr a ch cua bo nh hoac lu tr d lieu.
D lieu co the chuyen t thanh ghi sang thanh ghi, t bo nh sang bo nh, t bo nh sang
thanh ghi hoac t thanh ghi sang bo nh. Ben canh o con co cac lenh trao oi d lieu gi cac
thanh ghi, gia thanh ghi va bo nh.
ac biet la noi dung cua cac thanh ghi chnh va thanh ghi luan phien co the trao oi bang
hai lenh duy nhat la EX va EXX. Lenh trao oi d lieu cua cac thanh ghi c dung e chia tap
cac thanh ghi ang lam viec khac vi tap thanh ghi trong chng trnh con hay trong thu tuc.
Vi x ly
45
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Viec cat d lieu cua cac thanh ghi tam thi vao bo nh ngan xep va lay d lieu ra khoi bo
nh ngan xep co the c thc hien bang lenh Push va lenh Pop. a ch cua bo nh ngan xep
c quan ly bi thanh ghi SP.
Khi thc hien chng trnh con th a ch cua lenh ke trong thanh ghi PC c CPU t
ong cat vao bo nh ngan xep va khi ket thuc chng trnh con bang lenh tr ve th a ch c
tra lai cho thanh ghi PC va chng trnh chnh c thc hien tiep tuc.
Ket qua thc hien cua cac lenh logic, lenh so hoc, lenh dch, lenh so sanh se ieu khien 6
c trang thai trong thanh ghi trang thai.
Sau khi thc hien mot lenh th cac thanh ghi c se b tac ong tuy thuoc vao ket qua sau
khi x ly, cac c c dung e lam ieu kien cho lenh nhay hoac lenh tr ve.
Mot nhom lenh ay u cac lenh logic bao gom lenh AND, OR, XOR, CPL, NEG co the
thc hien vi d lieu 8 bit gia thanh ghi A va tat ca cac thanh ghi con lai, gia thanh ghi A va
bo nh va gia thanh ghi A va d lieu tc thi.
Ngoai ra con co cac lenh so hoc va cac lenh dch theo ca hai chieu, lenh nay thc hien
c oi vi d lieu 8 bit cha trong cac thanh ghi 8 bit hoac trong mot o nh co a ch bat ky.
C carry co the c s dung trong cac lenh xoay, lech dch e tao d lieu au vao hay nhan d
lieu dch au ra e kiem tra ket qua cua lenh dch.
Cac chng trnh v du :
V du 1:
Chng trnh thc hien viec copy 737 byte d lieu trong vung nh bat au tai a ch
DATA sang vung nh co a ch bat au BUFFER nh sau:
LD
HL, DATA
;HL quan ly a ch bat au vung d lieu DATA
LD
DE, BUFFER
;DE quan ly a ch bat au vung d lieu BUFFER
LD
BC, 737
;BC quan ly chieu dai vung d lieu.
LDIR
;copy chuoi c ch nh bi HL sang vung nh c

;ch nh bi DE, giam HL, giam DE va giam BC tiep
;tuc thc hien cho en khi BC = 0.
Khi bien dch th oan chng trnh tren chiem 11 byte va moi mot byte khi di chuyen mat
21 chu ky xung clock.
V du 2:
Chng trnh thc hien viec copy mot chuoi (co chieu dai toi a la 132) bat au tai a ch
bat au DATA sang mot vung nh co a ch bat au BUFFER cho en khi k t $ c tm
thay:
46
LD
HL, DATA
;HL quan ly a ch bat au vung d lieu DATA
LD
DE, BUFFER
;DE quan ly a ch bat au vung d lieu BUFFER
LD
BC, 132
;BC quan ly chieu dai vung d lieu.

Vi x ly
LD
LOOP: CP
JR
A, $
;Nap k t $ vao A e so sanh.
(HL)
;So sanh noi dung o nh vi A.
Z, END
;nhay ket thuc neu ung la k t $.
LDI
JP
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
;khong ung th tien hanh copy d lieu va tang .

PE, LOOP
;nhay lai lam tiep cho en khi het 132 k t.
END:
Khi bien dch th oan chng trnh tren chiem 19 byte.
c.
Mo ta lenh cua vi x ly Z80 :
Tong quan ve tap lenh:

Vi x ly Z80 co 158 lenh khac nhau bao gom luon ca 78 lenh cua vi x ly 8080A. Cac
lenh nay c chia ra lam cac nhom nh sau:
Lenh nap va trao oi d lieu.
Lenh chuyen khoi d lieu va lenh tm kiem.
Lenh so hoc va lenh logic.
Lenh xoay va lenh dch.
Lenh ieu khien bit: set, reset va test.
Lenh nhay, lenh goi chng trnh con va lenh ket thuc chng trnh con.
Lenh xuat nhap IO
Cac lenh ieu khien CPU.
Cac kieu nh a ch :
Hau het cac lenh cua vi x ly Z80 eu x ly d lieu c lu tr cac thanh ghi ben trong
CPU, lu tr bo nh ngoai hoac lu tr IO. Kieu nh a ch e ch ro a ch cua d lieu
ma lenh se x ly.
Cac kieu nh a ch cua vi x ly Z80 giong nh nhng kieu a trnh bay phan trc,
cac kieu bao gom:
Kieu nh a ch tc thi (Immediate):
Kieu nh a ch tc thi m rong (Immediate Extended): giong nh kieu nh a ch tc
thi nh d lieu la 16 bit c nap cho cap thanh ghi 8 bit.
Kieu nh a ch hieu chnh trang bo nh zero : Z80 co 1 lenh goi ac biet ch co 1 byte e
xac nh 1 trong 8 v tr trong trang bo nh zero. Ma lenh cua lenh nay ch la 1 byte nhng cho
phep thanh lap a ch 16 bit va lenh nay c dung e goi cac chng trnh thng s dung
nam trong trang bo nh e tiet kiem dung lng bo nh (v lenh 1 byte thay v lenh 3 byte).
Vi x ly
47
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Kieu nh a ch tng oi (relative addressing):

Kieu nh a ch m rong(Extended ):
Kieu nay cung cap luon 2 byte (16 bit) cua a ch trong lenh. 2 byte a ch co the la a
ch cua lenh nhay hay la a ch cua d lieu.
Kieu nh a ch ch so (Indexed addressing):
Kieu nh a ch thanh ghi (register addressing):
Kieu nh a ch hieu ngam (Implied addressing):
Kieu nh a ch gian tiep dung thanh ghi (register indirect addressing):
Kieu nh a ch bit (Bit addressing):
Mo ta vai lenh cua vi x ly Z80:
Lenh LD gia cac thanh ghi :
Hnh 2-29 tom tat lenh chuyen d lieu t thanh ghi nguon 8 bit reg8S sang thanh ghi
ch 8 bit reg8D.
Ma lenh 1 byte 8 bit bao gom 2 bit 01[reg8D][reg8S]: trong o [reg8D] la 3 bit cua
thanh ghi reg8D va [reg8S] la 3 bit cua thanh ghi reg8S.
Moi thanh ghi co 3 bit c trnh bay trong hnh, thi gian thc hien lenh mat 4 chu ky T
va mat 7 chu ky T oi vi lenh chuyen d lieu gia o nh (co a ch lu trong HL) va thanh
ghi. Neu ghi chi tiet cho tng thanh ghi th lenh tong quat nay co tong cong 64 lenh: 8 lenh cho
thanh ghi A va cac thanh ghi, 8 lenh cho thanh ghi B va cac thanh ghi,
Chu y: (HL) la o nh co a ch lu trong HL c xem nh la 1 thanh ghi co ma la [110].
Hnh 2-29. Lenh tong quat LD reg8D,reg8S.
Hnh 2-30 tom tat lenh nap d lieu tc thi 8 bit vao thanh ghi 8 bit reg8.
48
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Ma lenh 1 byte 8 bit bao gom 2 bit 01[reg8]110]: trong o [reg8D] la 3 bit cua thanh ghi
reg8. Thi gian thc hien lenh mat 7 chu ky T va mat 10 chu ky T oi vi lenh nap d lieu
vao o nh (co a ch lu trong HL).
Hnh 2-30. Lenh tong quat LD reg8,imm8.
Hnh 2-31 tom tat lenh xoay trai thanh ghi 8 bit reg8. Ma lenh 2 byte 8 bit: 11001011 :
00010 [reg8]. Thi gian thc hien lenh mat 8 chu ky T va mat 15 chu ky T oi vi lenh xoay
d lieu trong o nh (co a ch lu trong HL).
Hnh 2-31. Lenh tong quat RL reg8.
Do co rat nhieu lenh nen phan nay ch trnh bay mot so lenh, co the xem them phan
phu luc.
d.
Vi x ly
Tom tat tap lenh cua vi x ly Z80:
49
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Tap lenh c tom tat cac trang tiep theo vi nguon thong tin c lay t mang internet
vi a ch http://www.ftp83plus.net/Tutorials/z80inset1A.htm
50
Vi x ly
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
51
52
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Vi x ly
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
53
54
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Vi x ly
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
55
56
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Vi x ly
V.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
KHAO SAT VI X LY 8 BIT 8085A:
Chung ta mi va khao sat xong vi x ly Z80 th phan nay se tiep tuc khao sat vi x ly
8085A cua Intel. Tac gia muon trnh bay them vi x ly 8085A e chung ta co the lam quen vi
mot so cau hnh khac ma vi x ly Z80 khong co.
1.
S O CAU TRUC BEN TRONG CUA VI X LY 8085A:

Hnh 2-32 la s o cau truc cua vi x ly 8085A:
Hnh 2-32. S o cau truc ben trong cua vi x ly 8085A.
Trong s o cau truc cua vi x ly 8085A co:
Khoi ALU cung vi 2 thanh ghi co ten la thanh ghi A va thanh ghi TEMP co chc
nang giong nh a khao sat nham lu tr d lieu cho khoi ALU thc hien cac phep
toan. Ket qua sau khi thc hien se lu tr lai thanh ghi A va tuy thuoc vao ket qua
ma khoi ALU se ieu khien cac bit c trong thanh ghi trang thai.
Khoi cac thanh ghi gom co: thanh ghi A, B, C, D, H, L, PC, SP, IDAL, IP.
Bus d lieu ben trong D0 D7 cho phep trao oi d lieu gia cac khoi vi nhau va
c a ti khoi em va a hp vi 8 ng a ch thap A0 A7 e tao thanh
bus a ch / d lieu AD0 AD7.
u iem: cua viec a hp 8 ng a ch va 8 ng d lieu la thuan tien cho viec ong

goi IC 40 chan, neu khong tch hp th IC se nhieu hn 40 chan. Co 2 ly do cho viec a hp: th
nhat la tai thi iem o cong nghe mi bat au nen cha co the tang so chan cho IC va phai
thay oi cong nghe neu so chan thay oi, th 2 la viec a hp van khong lam thay oi chc
nang hay toc o cua vi x ly.
Khuyet iem: mach ien phc tap v phai a hp va giai a hp khi s dung e tach a
ch va d lieu oc lap vi nhau, phai co them tn hieu ieu khien giai a hp.
Vi x ly
57
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Thanh ghi lenh IR se lu tr ma lenh va khoi giai ma lenh dung e giai ma lenh
cho khoi ieu khien thc hien lenh.
Khoi ieu khien ngat, khoi truyen d lieu noi tiep.
Cac khoi con lai bao gom: khoi ieu khien bus, khoi ieu khien oc ghi bo nh, oc ghi
IO, khoi ieu khien vi x ly, khoi reset .
Nguon s dung cho vi x ly la +5V, mach tao xung clock c tch hp ben trong va ch
can gan them tu thach anh ben ngoai.
2.
TO CHC THANH GHI CUA VI X LY 8085A:

Vi x ly 8085A co 8 thanh ghi 8 bit va 3 thanh ghi 16 bit c trnh bay nh hnh 2-33.
Vai tro cua cac thanh ghi giong nh a trnh bay vi x ly Z80 ch co khac la so thanh ghi
trong vi x ly 8085A t hn so vi Z80. Trong nhom thanh ghi 16 bit th co thanh ghi IDAL co
chc nang nh sau: khi CPU truy xuat ma lenh th noi dung cua thanh ghi PC c trao cho
thanh ghi IDAL va no se ieu khien bus a ch tao ra ung a ch can truy xuat ma lenh.
Sau khi nhan ma lenh ve e thc hien th noi dung cua PC a tang len e chuan bit thc
hien lenh tiep theo, neu lenh ang thc hien la truy xuat byte d lieu bo nh ngoai th CPU se
ieu khien thanh ghi IDAL tang len 1 hoac 2 gia tr e truy xuat ung o nh can lay d lieu.
Neu a ch cua o nh cha trong cap thanh ghi HL th noi dung trong HL se trao cho IDAL e
truy xuat bo nh.
(8)
A reg
B reg
(8)
(8)
F reg
(8)
D reg
(8)
(8)
H reg
(8)
C reg
E reg
L reg
STACK POINTER
(16)
PROGRAM COUNTER
(16)
(8)
INCREMENTER/DECREMENTER
ADDRESS LATCH
(16)
Hnh 2-33. Cac thanh ghi ben trong VI x ly 8085A.
3.
S O CHAN CUA VI X LY 8085A:

Hnh 2-34 la s o chan cua vi x ly 8085A:
Vi x ly 8085A co 40 chan, trong o:
A8 A15 (Address) la bus a ch cao, tn hieu ra dang 3 trang thai, se trang thai tong
tr cao khi mode Hold va Halt va khi b reset.
58
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
AD0 AD7 (Address/Data) la bus a hp a ch va d lieu, tn hieu vao/ra 3 trang thai,

bus se tai a ch trong khoang thi gian xung clock th nhat cua chu ky may va se tai d lieu
cac chu ky xung clock con lai.
ALE (Address Latch Enable) la tn hieu ra dung e tao xung chot a ch khi bus AD0
AD7 ong vai tro la tai a ch va ch chot vao thi iem canh xuong.
S0, S1 va IO / M la cac tn hieu ngo ra cho biet cac trang thai lam viec cua vi x ly:
IO / M
S1
S0
Trang thai
Ghi d lieu len bo nh
oc d lieu t bo nh
Ghi d lieu len IO
oc d lieu t IO
on ma lenh t bo nh
on ma lenh t bo nh
Tra li yeu cau ngat
HZ
Halt
HZ
Hold
HZ
Reset
Bang 2-2. Cac trang thai lam viec cua vi x ly 8085A.
Vi x ly
59
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 2-34. S o chan cua vi x ly 8085A.
S1 co the c dung nh la trang thai oc ghi R / W . Cac tn hieu IO / M , S1, S0 se bat

au co gia tr (hieu lc) khi bat au mot chu ky may va van on nh trang thai nay cac chu
ky clock con lai. Canh xuong cua xung ALE co the chot cac tn hieu nay.
RD la tn hieu ngo ra, khi RD mc thap se ieu khien oc d lieu t bo nh hoac IO va

se trang thai tong tr cao khi vi x ly trang thai HOLD, HALT va RESET.
WR la tn hieu ngo ra, khi WR mc thap se ieu khien ghi d lieu len bo nh hoac IO
va se trang thai tong tr cao khi vi x ly trang thai HOLD, HALT va RESET.
READY la tn hieu ngo vao, neu READY mc cao trong khoang thi gian oc hoac ghi
d lieu gia vi x ly va bo nh e cho biet bo nh hoac thiet b ngoai vi IO a san sang cho
viec oc hoac ghi d lieu. Neu tn hieu READY mc thap th CPU phai thc hien them cac
chu ky i ch cho en khi READY tr lai mc cao th hoan tat chu ky oc hoac ghi bo nh.
HOLD la tn hieu ngo vao tch cc mc cao, thiet b ngoai vi ieu khien chan nay len mc
cao e yeu cau vi x ly nhng quyen s dung bus a ch va bus d lieu. Khi cpu nhan c tn
hieu Hold th se ngng s dung bus ngay lap tc va chuyen quyen s dung bus. Qua trnh x ly
lenh ben trong se tiep tuc c thc hien khi yeu cau dung bus cua thiet b ngoai vi khong con.
HLDA la tn hieu ngo ra dung e bao cho thiet b yeu cau HOLD biet vi x ly se ngng s
dung bus chu ky xung clock ke. HLDA se tr lai mc thap khi thiet b yeu cau ngat khong con
yeu cau nhng bus.
60
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
INTR la tn hieu ngo vao yeu cau ngat tong quat. Tn hieu nay c lay mau trong khoang
thi gian cua chu ky xung clock ke cuoi va trong khoang thi gian HOLD va HALT.
Neu INTR trang thai tch cc th vi x ly se ngng thc hien lenh tiep theo va ieu
khien tra li ngat chan INTA . Trong khoang chu ky nay th lenh RESTART hoac lenh CALL
co the c chen vao e nhay en chng trnh con phuc vu ngat.
INTR la tn hieu ngat co the cho phep hoac cam bang phan mem.
INTA la tn hieu ngo ra tra li ap ng yeu cau ngat, tn hieu nay c dung thay the cho
chan RD trong khoang thi gian chu ky lenh sau khi tn hieu yeu cau ngat INTR c chap
nhan. Tn hieu nay c dung e tac ong en chip ieu khien ngat 8259A hoac cac thiet b
ngat khac.
RST 5.5, RST 6.5, RST 7.5 la tn hieu ngo vao yeu cau ngat. Ba tn hieu ngat nay giong
nh tn hieu ngat INTR va ch khac la chung c bat au tai a ch hoan toan t ong.
TRAP la tn hieu ngo vao yeu cau ngat khong ngan c, tn hieu ngat nay c lay mau
giong nh cac tn hieu yeu cau ngat INTR va cac ngat RST. Yeu cau ngat nay khong the ngan
c bang phan mem nen no co mc o u tien cao nhat.
RESET _ IN la tn hieu ngo vao reset tch cc mc thap se xoa thanh ghi PC ve 0000H va
se reset cac bit cho phep ngat va flip flop HLDA. Bus d lieu, bus a ch va bus ieu khien eu
trang thai tong tr cao khi b reset. Cac thanh ghi ben trong va thanh ghi c co the b thay oi
vi nhng gia tr mi khong xac nh khi CPU b reset. Ngo vao reset nay c noi vi R va C
e tao mach auto reset khi m may. Khi PC = 0000H th chng trnh c bat au thc hien tai
a ch 0000H tng ng.
RESET OUT la tn hieu ngo ra e bao hieu CPU ang b reset. Tn hieu nay co the dung
e reset cac thiet b khac trong he thong v du nh IC ngoai vi 8255A, 8279.
X1, X2 la tn hieu ngo vao, hai ngo vao nay c noi vi tu thach anh hoac mach LC hoac
mach RC e tao dao ong cho vi x ly hoat ong.
Mach dao ong a tch hp ben trong va ch can noi them tu thach anh nhng neu co
nguon tao xung ben ngoai th ta co the cung cap xung o en 1 ngo vao X1.
Tan so xung clock ngo vao hay tan so cua tu thach anh c chia cho 2 roi mi cung cap
cho cac hoat ong ben trong cua vi x ly.
CLK la tn hieu ngo ra xung clock dung e cung cap co cac thiet b khac can xung clock
e lam viec v du nh IC 8279. Tan so cua xung clock nay bang tan so cua tu thach anh ang s
dung chia cho 2.
SID la tn hieu ngo vao d lieu noi tiep, d lieu ngo vao nay c nap vao bit th 7 cua
thanh ghi A khi thc hien RIM.
SOD la tn hieu ngo ra d lieu noi tiep, d lieu ngo ra nay mc logic 0 hay mc logic 1
c thc hien bi lenh SIM.
VCC la chan nguon cung cap +5V cho vi x ly.
VSS la chan nguon cung cap GND cho vi x ly.
Bang th t u tien ngat va cac a ch ngat:
Vi x ly
61
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Ten
Th t u tien
a ch cua cac
chng trnh con
phuc vu ngat
Mc tac ong
TRAP
0024H
Canh len va vi mc cao ch cho

en khi c lay mau
RST 7.5
003CH
Canh len (c chot lai)
RST 6.5
0034H
Mc cao cho en khi c lay mau
RST 5.5
002CH
INTR
Xem chu y
Bang 2-3. Th t u tien ngat cua vi x ly 8085A.
Chu y: a ch cua chng trnh con phuc vu ngat tuy thuoc vao lenh cung cap cho CPU
khi ngat c chap nhan.
4.
GIAN O THI GIAN CUA VI X LY 8085A:
Vi x ly 8085A co a hp bus d lieu va bus a ch, ALE c dung e chot 8 bit a ch

thap tren bus AD0 AD7, hnh 2-35 trnh bay gian o thi gian on lenh, chu ky oc bo nh va
chu ky ghi d lieu len bo nh.
Co 7 loai chu ky may khac nhau tuy thuoc vao lenh ang thc hien va 7 trang thai khac
nhau nay c the hien thong qua trang thai cua cac tn hieu IO / M , S1, S0 va cac chan ieu
khien RD , WR , INTA .
Mot chu ky may thong thng gom 3 trang thai T ngoai tr chu ky on lenh t bo nh th
thc hien can 4 hoac 6 chu ky trang thai T (cha tnh en cac tnh huong i WAIT hoac
HOLD).
62
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 2-35. Gian o thi gian hoat ong cua vi x ly 8085A.
chu ky on lenh: trong khoang thi gian cua trang thai T1: th CPU se tao ra a ch 8
bit cao bus A8 A15, 8 bit thap bus AD0 AD7, cac trang thai ieu khien S1, S0 va ng
ieu khien IO / M xuong mc 0. ong thi tao xung chot ALE e chot a ch va cac trang thai
ieu khien. Khi sang chu ky trang thai T2 th CPU ieu khien chan RD xuong mc thap e tac
ong en bo nh thc hien viec oc d lieu. Bo nh ngay lap tc xuat d lieu tng ng vi o
nh a nhan a ch va d lieu o c a len bus AD0 AD7 bay gi bus nay ong vai tro
tai d lieu. CPU ieu khien chan RD tr lai trang thai khong tch cc trang thai T3 va tien
hanh nhan d lieu t bus o chnh la ma lenh va cat vao thanh ghi lenh IR cham dt qua
trnh on lenh t bo nh trang thai T4.
Tng t cho cac chu ky oc d lieu va ghi d lieu th ch co 3 trang thai T.
5.
GIAI A HP A CH VA D LIEU CHO VI X LY 8085A:
Khi s dung vi x ly 8085A co a hp bus d lieu va bus a ch th phai s dung IC chot

e tach a ch va d lieu nh hnh 2-36.
Chan ALE se ieu khien IC chot 74573 e chot 8 bit a ch, ngo ra cua IC chot la 8 bit
a ch thap A0 A7 ket hp vi 8 bit a ch cao A8 A15 tao thanh bus a ch 16 bit oc lap
vi 8 ng d lieu D0 D7 giong nh vi x ly Z80.
Vi x ly
63
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 2-36. Giai a hp a ch va d lieu cua vi x ly 8085A.
Trong he thong khong s dung trang thai HOLD va ngat INTR nen chung c noi vi
GND, cac ngat TRAP, RST c s dung, tn hieu ngo vao reset c ket noi vi tu C1, ien tr
R1 va nut nhan reset, tu thach anh s dung la 6Mhz c noi vi X1 va X2.
Tn hieu READY cung c noi vi mc cao e vi x ly khong chen them cac chu ky i
nen phai s dung cac loai bo nh co thi gian truy xuat nhanh hn vi x ly.
Cac ng ieu khien con lai dung e ket noi vi bo nh va thiet b ngoai vi IO.
6.
TAP LENH CUA VI X LY 8085A:
Tap lenh cua vi x ly 8085 giong nh tap lenh cua vi x ly 8080 ngoai tr 2 lenh mi
them vao la lenh SIM va RIM.
Phan nay se gii thieu thanh phan ma lenh, hoat ong cua cac bit trong thanh ghi c trang
thai, cac kieu nh a ch va cach thc s dung cap thanh ghi H, L cho kieu nh a ch gian
tiep.
Cac k hieu dung trong tap lenh c dung e dien ta chc nang va moi quan he gia cac
thanh phan cua lenh. Cac k hieu ch thng nh r dung e chnh nh mot thanh ghi, rp e
xac nh cap thanh ghi, addr dung e xac nh a ch, data dung e xac nh byte d lieu 8
bit, data 16 dung e xac nh, rh va rl dung e xac nh cac thanh ghi byte cao va thanh
ghi byte thap cua mot cap thanh ghi theo th t.
64
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
To chc lenh:
Cac lenh cua vi x ly 8085 thng nh dang theo byte bao gom cac lenh mot byte, lenh 2
byte va lenh 3 byte. Byte au tien la byte cha cac thong tin c ban cua lenh chnh la ma lenh,
cac byte th 2 va th 3 la cac byte thong tin cho lenh nh d lieu hay a ch cua d lieu.
Trong byte ma lenh x ly d lieu tren cac thanh ghi th bit th 2,1,0 thng la ma cua
cac thanh ghi nguon va cac bit th 5,4,3 la ma cua thanh ghi ch, ma cua cac thanh ghi nh
bang sau :
DDD or SSS
Register Name
111
000
001
010
011
100
101
Bang 2-4. Ma cac thanh ghi 8 bit cua vi x ly 8085A.
Tng t cho cac lenh co lien quan en cap thanh ghi th ma cua cac cap thanh ghi nh
bang sau:
RP Bits
Register Pair
00
B-C
01
D-E
10
H-L
11
SP
Bang 2-5. Ma cac cap thanh ghi 16 bit cua vi x ly 8085A.
Cac kieu nh a ch cua vi x ly 8085:

Vi x ly 8085 co 4 kieu nh a ch khac nhau e truy xuat d lieu nam trong cac thanh
ghi hay d lieu nam trong bo nh.
Kieu nh a ch trc tiep: kieu nay co ma lenh dai 3 byte. Byte th nhat la byte ma lenh,
byte th 2 va byte th 3 la a ch cua o nh can lay d lieu. Byte th 2 la byte a ch thap va
byte th 3 la byte a ch cao.
Kieu nh a ch dung thanh ghi : kieu nay co ma lenh dai 1 byte. Trong byte ma lenh co
cac bit ch nh thanh ghi cha d lieu hay cap thanh ghi cha d lieu.
Vi x ly
65
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Kieu nh a ch gian tiep dung thanh ghi : kieu nay co ma lenh dai 1 byte. Trong byte ma
lenh co cac bit ch nh cap thanh ghi cha d lieu.
Kieu nh a ch tc thi : kieu nay co ma lenh dai 2 byte hoac 3 byte. Byte th nhat la
ma lenh, byte th 2 va byte th 3 la d lieu tc thi 8 bit hay 16 bit. Neu d lieu 16 bit th byte
th 2 la byte thap va byte th 3 la byte cao.
Cac kieu lenh re nhanh:

Viec thc hien cac lenh bnh thng Theo th t t tren xuong. Nhng lenh re nhanh co
tac dung thay the tien trnh ang thc hien. Cac lenh nay ch nh a ch cua lenh ke ma vi x
ly phai thc hien, co 2 dang lenh nhay:
Lenh nhay trc tiep: trong kieu lenh nhay nay cha a ch cua ni ma vi x ly se nhay
en e thc hien, a ch cua lenh nhay nay la 2 byte, byte th 2 trong ma lenh la byte a ch
thap va byte th 3 la byte a ch cao.
Lenh nhay gian tiep dung thanh ghi : trong kieu lenh nhay nay a ch ma vi x ly nhay
en c cha trong cap thanh ghi. a ch phai lu trong cap thanh ghi trc khi thc hien lenh
nhay.
Cac nhom lenh:

Hang Intel chia cac lenh cua vi x ly 8085 thanh 5 nhom bao gom: nhom lenh truyen d
lieu, nhom lenh so hoc, nhom lenh logic, nhom lenh nhay va nhom lenh ieu khien IO.
Nhom lenh truyen d lieu : trong nhom lenh nay co chc nang copy d lieu gia cac thanh
ghi ben trong vi x ly, gia bo nh va thanh ghi.
Nhom lenh MOV: bao gom 3 lenh (MOV r1,r2; MOV r,M va MOV M,r) co chc nang
copy d lieu gia thanh ghi va thanh ghi gia thanh ghi va o nh. Lenh ch thc hien copy 1
byte d lieu. Trong 3 lenh tren th lenh th 2 va lenh th 3 s dung kieu nh a ch gian tiep
dung thanh ghi, a ch cua o nh lu trong cap thanh ghi HL.
Nhom lenh MVI: bao gom 2 lenh (MVI r,data va MVI M,data) co chc nang nap mot
byte d lieu tc thi vao 1 thanh ghi hay mot o nh.
Nhom lenh LXI: bao gom 1 lenh (LXI rp,data 16) co chc nang nap 2 byte d lieu tc
thi vao 1 cap thanh ghi, byte th 2 trong ma lenh la byte d lieu thap va byte th 3 trong ma
lenh la byte cao cua d lieu.
Nhom lenh LDA va STA: la lenh Load Accumulator Direct (LDA) va Store
Accumulator Direct (STA) co chc nang copy d lieu gia thanh ghi A va o nh trong RAM, a
ch cua o nh c lu trong thanh ghi HL.
Nhom lenh LHLD va SHLD: la lenh Load H&L Direct (LHLD) va Store H&L Direct
(SHLD) co chc nang copy d lieu gia thanh ghi H&L vi d lieu trong bo nh RAM. Lenh
LHLD se copy d lieu cua 2 o nh co a ch lu trong HL va HL+1 nap vao thanh ghi L va
thanh ghi H theo th t. Lenh SHLD th lu noi dung cua cap thanh ghi HL vao 2 o nh co a
ch lu trong HL va HL +1.
Nhom lenh LDAX va STAX: la lenh Load Accumulator Indirect (LDAX) va Store
Accumulator Indirect (STAX) co chc nang copy d lieu gia thanh ghi A va o nh RAM co a
ch gian tiep, a ch nay co the lu trong cap thanh ghi BC hoac DE.
66
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Nhom lenh XCHG: la lenh Exchange (XCHG) cho phep trao oi noi dung cap thanh
ghi HL vi DE.
Nhom lenh so hoc : trong nhom lenh nay co chc nang thc hien cac phep toan so hoc vi
d lieu 8 bit.
Nhom lenh ADD: la lenh ADD Register (ADD r) va ADD memory (ADD M) co chc
nang cong noi dung thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi hoac noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung cua o nh
co a ch lu trong cap thanh ghi HL. Neu ket qua phep toan khong tran th c carry bang 0 con
neu co tran th c carry bang 1. Ngoai ra lenh con anh hng en cac bit c khac.
Nhom lenh ADD vi c carry: la lenh ADD Register with carry (ADC r) va ADD
memory with carry (ADC M) co chc nang cong noi dung thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi va c carry
hoac noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung cua o nh co a ch lu trong cap thanh ghi HL va c
carry. Neu ket qua phep toan khong tran th c carry bang 0 con neu co tran th c carry bang 1.
Ngoai ra lenh con anh hng en cac bit c khac.
Nhom lenh ADD tc thi: la lenh ADD Immediate (ADI data) va ADD Immediate
memory with carry (ACI data) co chc nang cong noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit
va cong noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit va c carry. Neu ket qua phep toan
khong tran th c carry bang 0 con neu co tran th c carry bang 1. Ngoai ra lenh con anh hng
en cac bit c khac.
Nhom lenh SUBTRACT: la lenh Subtract Register (SUB r) va Subtract memory (SUB
M) co chc nang tr noi dung thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi hoac noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung
cua o nh co a ch lu trong cap thanh ghi HL. Neu ket qua phep toan khong mn th c
carry bang 0 con neu co mn th c carry bang 1. Ngoai ra lenh con anh hng en cac bit c
khac.
Nhom lenh Subtract vi c carry: la lenh Subtract Register with borrow (SBB r) va
Subtract memory with borrow (SBB M) co chc nang tr noi dung thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi va
c carry hoac noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung cua o nh co a ch lu trong cap thanh ghi HL
va c carry. Neu ket qua phep toan khong mn th c carry bang 0 con neu co mn th c
carry bang 1. Ngoai ra lenh con anh hng en cac bit c khac.
Nhom lenh Subtract tc thi: la lenh Subtract immediate (SUI data) va Subtract
immediate with borrow (SBI data) co chc nang tr noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu tc thi 8
bit hoac noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit va c carry. Neu ket qua phep toan
khong mn th c carry bang 0 con neu co mn th c carry bang 1. Ngoai ra lenh con anh
hng en cac bit c khac.
Nhom lenh tang Increment : la lenh increment register (INR r) va Increment
memory (INR M) co chc nang tang noi dung thanh ghi len 1 hoac tang noi dung o nh co a
ch lu trong cap thanh ghi HL len 1. Lenh khong anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
Nhom lenh giam Decrement : la lenh Decrement register (DCR r) va Decrement
memory (DCR M) co chc nang giam noi dung thanh ghi xuong 1 hoac giam noi dung o nh co
a ch lu trong cap thanh ghi HL xuong 1. Lenh khong anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
Nhom lenh x ly cap thanh ghi : la lenh Increment Register Pair (INR rp) va
Decrement Register Pair (DCR rp) co chc nang tang noi dung cap thanh ghi len 1 hoac giam
noi dung cap thanh ghi xuong 1.
Vi x ly
67
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Nhom lenh cong cap thanh ghi : la lenh Add Register Pair (DAD rp) co chc nang
cong noi dung cap thanh ghi BC hoac DE vi cap thanh ghi HL, ket qua lu vao cap thanh ghi
HL. Lenh se anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
Lenh hieu chnh thap phan : la lenh Decimal Adjust Accumulator (DAA) co chc
nang hieu chnh gia tr 8 bit trong thanh ghi A thanh so BCD sau khi thc hien phep toan cong 2
so BCD.
Nhom lenh logic: trong nhom lenh nay co chc nang thc hien cac phep toan logic vi d
lieu 8 bit.
Nhom lenh AND: la lenh AND Register (ANA r) va AND memory (ANA M) co chc
nang AND noi dung thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi hoac noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung cua o nh
co a ch lu trong cap thanh ghi HL. Lenh And se thc hien phep toan and tng cap bit vi
nhau theo th t. Ket qua sau khi thc hien c lu vao thanh ghi A va thanh ghi trang thai b
anh hng va c carry th luon bang 0.
Nhom lenh AND Immediate : la lenh AND Immediate (ANI data) co chc nang
AND noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit. Ket qua sau khi thc hien c lu vao
thanh ghi A va thanh ghi trang thai b anh hng va c carry th luon bang 0.
Nhom lenh OR: la lenh Or Register (ORA r) va Or memory (ORA M) co chc nang OR
noi dung thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi hoac noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung cua o nh co a ch
lu trong cap thanh ghi HL. Ket qua sau khi thc hien c lu vao thanh ghi A va thanh ghi
trang thai b anh hng va c carry th luon bang 0.
Nhom lenh OR Immediate : la lenh OR Immediate (ORI data) co chc nang OR noi
dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit. Ket qua sau khi thc hien c lu vao thanh ghi A
va thanh ghi trang thai b anh hng va c carry th luon bang 0.
Nhom lenh Exclusive Or : la lenh Exclusive Or Register (XRA r) va Exclusive Or
memory (XRA M) co chc nang Exclusive noi dung thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi hoac noi dung
thanh ghi A vi noi dung cua o nh co a ch lu trong cap thanh ghi HL. Ket qua sau khi thc
hien c lu vao thanh ghi A va thanh ghi trang thai b anh hng va c carry th luon bang 0.
Nhom lenh Exclusive Immediate : la lenh Exclusive Or Immediate (XRI data) co
chc nang Exclusive Or noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit. Ket qua sau khi thc
hien c lu vao thanh ghi A va thanh ghi trang thai b anh hng va c carry th luon bang 0.
Nhom lenh so sanh : la lenh Compare Register (CMP r) va Compare memory (CMP
M) co chc nang so sanh noi dung thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi hoac noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi
dung cua o nh co a ch lu trong cap thanh ghi HL. Ket qua sau khi thc hien anh hng en
thanh ghi trang thai.
Nhom lenh so sanh tc thi : la lenh Compare Immediate (CPI data) co chc nang
so sanh noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit. Ket qua sau khi thc hien anh hng en
thanh ghi trang thai.
Nhom lenh xoay : la lenh Rotate Left (RLC ) va Rotate Right (RRC) co chc nang
xoay noi dung thanh ghi A sang trai hoac sang phai 1 bit. Ch co c carry b anh hng.
68
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Nhom lenh xoay thong qua c carry : la lenh Rotate Left through carry (RAL ) va
Rotate Right through carry (RAR) co chc nang xoay noi dung thanh ghi A va c carry sang trai
hoac sang phai 1 bit. Ch co c carry b anh hng.
Nhom lenh bu noi dung thanh ghi A : la lenh Complement Accumulator (CMA) co
chc nang thc hien phep toan bu 1 noi dung thanh ghi A.
Nhom lenh bu va clear c carry : la lenh Complement carry (CMC) va Set Carry
(STC) co chc nang nghch ao c Carry va lam c carry bang 1.
Nhom lenh re nhanh: trong nhom lenh nay gom co lenh nhay khong ieu kien va lenh
nhay co ieu kien, lenh goi chng trnh con khong ieu kien va lenh goi chng trnh con co
ieu kien.
Nhom lenh nhay : la lenh Jump (JMP addr) va Jump Conditional (Jxx Addr) co chc
nang thay oi noi dung cua thanh ghi PC e nhay en a ch Addr e tiep tuc thc hien chng
trnh tai o. oi vi lenh nhay co ieu khien th se nhay khi thoa ieu kien va se khong nhay
khi khong thoa ieu kien. Cac lenh nhay co ieu kien la can c vao cac bit trang thai c liet
ke bang sau:
Mnemonic
Condition
CCC Bits
NZ
Not Zero (Z=0)
000
Zero (Z=1)
001
NC
Not Carry (C=0)
010
Carry (C=1)
011
PO
Parity Odd (P=0)
100
PE
Parity Even
(P=1)
101
Plus (S=0)
110
Minus (S=1)
111
Bang 2-6. Cac bit trong thanh ghi trang thai cua vi x ly 8085A.
Nhom lenh goi chng trnh con : la lenh Call (Call addr) va Call Conditional (Cxx
Addr) co chc nang thc hien chng trnh con tai a ch Addr va lenh goi co ieu kien th
chng trnh con ch c thc hien khi thoa ieu kien, neu khong thoa th khong thc hien. Cac
lenh goi chng trnh con co ieu kien se can c vao cac bit c giong nh lenh nhay co ieu
kien. Khi thc hien cac lenh goi chng trnh con th noi dung cua thanh ghi PC c cat vao
ngan xep roi mi nap a ch cua chng trnh con vao thanh ghi PC, sau khi thc hien xong
chng trnh con th noi dung cat trong ngan xep c tra lai cho PC e tiep tuc thc hien lenh
tiep theo trong chng trnh chnh, viec cat a ch trong PC va lay lai tng ng vi 2 lenh goi
Call va lenh tr ve RET.
Vi x ly
69
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Nhom lenh ket thuc chng trnh con : la lenh Return (RET) va Return
Conditional (Rxx ) co chc nang ket thuc chng trnh con e tr ve chng trnh chnh khong
ieu kien va co ieu khien. Trong chng trnh con phai luon co lenh ket thuc RET. Khong
c nhay t chng trnh con ve chng trnh chnh va ngc lai.
Nhom lenh bat au lai : la lenh Restart (RST n) co chc nang goi mot trong 8 chng
trnh con tai a ch do nha che tao vi x ly qui nh giong nh cac chng trnh con phuc vu
ngat c liet ke bang sau:
NAME:
ADDRESS:
RST 0
00H
RST 1
08H
RST 2
10H
RST 3
18H
RST 4
20H
TRAP
24H
RST 5
28H
REST 5.5
2CH
RST 6
30H
RST 6.5
34H
RST 7
38H
RST 7.5
3CH
Bang 2-7. Bang vector a ch ngat cua vi x ly 8085A.
Cach thc thc hien cung giong nh lenh goi Call.

Nhom lenh nhay gian tiep : la lenh Jump H&L Indirect (PCHL) co chc nang thay
oi noi dung cua thanh ghi PC bang gia tr trong cap thanh ghi HL va bat au thc hien chng
trnh tai a ch mi va thay oi.
Nhom lenh ieu khien may :
Nhom lenh cat va lay d lieu
: la lenh Push Register Pair (PUSH rp) va Pop

Register Pair (POP rp) co chc nang cat tam noi dung cap thanh ghi vao bo nh ngan xep va lay
lai noi dung a cat tam trong ngan xep.
Nhom lenh cat va lay noi dung thanh ghi trang thai : la lenh Push Processor
Status Word (PUSH PSW) va Pop Processor Status Word (POP PSW) co chc nang cat tam noi
dung cap thanh ghi A va thanh ghi trang thai vao bo nh ngan xep va lay lai t ngan xep giong
nh cac cap thanh ghi khac.
70
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Nhom lenh trao oi noi dung thanh ghi vi bo nh ngan xep
: la lenh
Exchange Stack Top (XTHL) se thc hien trao oi noi dung cua cap thanh ghi HL vi noi dung
cua 2 o nh ngan xep.
Nhom lenh copy noi dung cap thanh ghi
: la lenh Move HL Register to SP

(SPHL) se thc hien trao noi dung cua cap thanh ghi HL cho thi SP.
Nhom lenh IO :
Nhom lenh nhap va xuat d lieu ra port : la lenh Input (IN port) va Output (OUT
port) co chc nang nhap va xuat d lieu gia thanh ghi A trong vi x ly vi cac thiet b ngoai vi
IO. Noi dung can gi ra port phai lu trong thanh ghi A va d lieu oc t port ve cung lu trong
thanh ghi A.
Nhom lenh cho phep ngat va cam ngat : la lenh Enable Interrupt (EI) va
Disenable Interrupt (DI) co chc nang cho phep va cam ngat oi vi cac ngat co the ngan c.
Nhom lenh ngng va lenh Nop : la lenh Halt (HLT) va No - operation (NOP) co
chc nang ngng thc hien chng trnh va lenh Nop th khong lam g ca e danh vung nh s
dung ve sau hoac delay mot vai s.
Tom tat tap lenh vi x ly 8085 :

----------------------------------------------------------------
|Mnemonic |Op|SZAPC|~s|Description
|Notes
|
|---------+--+-----+--+--------------------------+-------------|
|ACI n
|CE|*****| 7|Add with Carry Immediate |A=A+n+CY
|
|ADC r
|8F|*****| 4|Add with Carry
|A=A+r+CY(21X)|
|ADC M
|8E|*****| 7|Add with Carry to Memory |A=A+[HL]+CY |
|ADD r
|87|*****| 4|Add
|A=A+r
(20X)|
|ADD M
|86|*****| 7|Add to Memory
|A=A+[HL]
|
|ADI n
|C6|*****| 7|Add Immediate
|A=A+n
|
|ANA r
|A7|****0| 4|AND Accumulator
|A=A&r
(24X)|
|ANA M
|A6|****0| 7|AND Accumulator and Memory|A=A&[HL]
|
|ANI n
|E6|**0*0| 7|AND Immediate
|A=A&n
|
|CALL a
|CD|-----|18|Call unconditional
|-[SP]=PC,PC=a|
|CC a
|DC|-----| 9|Call on Carry
|If CY=1(18~s)|
|CM a
|FC|-----| 9|Call on Minus
|If S=1 (18~s)|
|CMA
|2F|-----| 4|Complement Accumulator
|A=~A
|
|CMC
|3F|----*| 4|Complement Carry
|CY=~CY
|
|CMP r
|BF|*****| 4|Compare
|A-r
(27X)|
|CMP M
|BF|*****| 7|Compare with Memory
|A-[HL]
|
|CNC a
|D4|-----| 9|Call on No Carry
|If CY=0(18~s)|
|CNZ a
|C4|-----| 9|Call on No Zero
|If Z=0 (18~s)|
|CP a
|F4|-----| 9|Call on Plus
|If S=0 (18~s)|
|CPE a
|EC|-----| 9|Call on Parity Even
|If P=1 (18~s)|
|CPI n
|FE|*****| 7|Compare Immediate
|A-n
|
|CPO a
|E4|-----| 9|Call on Parity Odd
|If P=0 (18~s)|
|CZ a
|CC|-----| 9|Call on Zero
|If Z=1 (18~s)|
|DAA
|27|*****| 4|Decimal Adjust Accumulator|A=BCD format |
|DAD B
|09|----*|10|Double Add BC to HL
|HL=HL+BC
|
|DAD D
|19|----*|10|Double Add DE to HL
|HL=HL+DE
|
|DAD H
|29|----*|10|Double Add HL to HL
|HL=HL+HL
|
|DAD SP
|39|----*|10|Double Add SP to HL
|HL=HL+SP
|
|DCR r
|3D|****-| 4|Decrement
|r=r-1
(0X5)|
|DCR M
|35|****-|10|Decrement Memory
|[HL]=[HL]-1 |
|DCX B
|0B|-----| 6|Decrement BC
|BC=BC-1
|
|DCX D
|1B|-----| 6|Decrement DE
|DE=DE-1
|
|DCX H
|2B|-----| 6|Decrement HL
|HL=HL-1
|
|DCX SP
|3B|-----| 6|Decrement Stack Pointer
|SP=SP-1
|
Vi x ly
71
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
|DI
|F3|-----| 4|Disable Interrupts
|
|
|EI
|FB|-----| 4|Enable Interrupts
|
|
|HLT
|76|-----| 5|Halt
|
|
|IN p
|DB|-----|10|Input
|A=[p]
|
|INR r
|3C|****-| 4|Increment
|r=r+1
(0X4)|
|INR M
|3C|****-|10|Increment Memory
|[HL]=[HL]+1 |
|INX B
|03|-----| 6|Increment BC
|BC=BC+1
|
|INX D
|13|-----| 6|Increment DE
|DE=DE+1
|
|INX H
|23|-----| 6|Increment HL
|HL=HL+1
|
|INX SP
|33|-----| 6|Increment Stack Pointer
|SP=SP+1
|
|JMP a
|C3|-----| 7|Jump unconditional
|PC=a
|
|JC a
|DA|-----| 7|Jump on Carry
|If CY=1(10~s)|
|JM a
|FA|-----| 7|Jump on Minus
|If S=1 (10~s)|
|JNC a
|D2|-----| 7|Jump on No Carry
|If CY=0(10~s)|
|JNZ a
|C2|-----| 7|Jump on No Zero
|If Z=0 (10~s)|
|JP a
|F2|-----| 7|Jump on Plus
|If S=0 (10~s)|
|JPE a
|EA|-----| 7|Jump on Parity Even
|If P=1 (10~s)|
|JPO a
|E2|-----| 7|Jump on Parity Odd
|If P=0 (10~s)|
|JZ a
|CA|-----| 7|Jump on Zero
|If Z=1 (10~s)|
|LDA a
|3A|-----|13|Load Accumulator direct
|A=[a]
|
|LDAX B
|0A|-----| 7|Load Accumulator indirect |A=[BC]
|
|LDAX D
|1A|-----| 7|Load Accumulator indirect |A=[DE]
|
|LHLD a
|2A|-----|16|Load HL Direct
|HL=[a]
|
|LXI B,nn |01|-----|10|Load Immediate BC
|BC=nn
|
|LXI D,nn |11|-----|10|Load Immediate DE
|DE=nn
|
|LXI H,nn |21|-----|10|Load Immediate HL
|HL=nn
|
|LXI SP,nn|31|-----|10|Load Immediate Stack Ptr |SP=nn
|
|MOV r1,r2|7F|-----| 4|Move register to register |r1=r2
(1XX)|
|MOV M,r |77|-----| 7|Move register to Memory
|[HL]=r (16X)|
|MOV r,M |7E|-----| 7|Move Memory to register
|r=[HL] (1X6)|
|MVI r,n |3E|-----| 7|Move Immediate
|r=n
(0X6)|
|MVI M,n |36|-----|10|Move Immediate to Memory |[HL]=n
|
|NOP
|00|-----| 4|No Operation
|
|
|ORA r
|B7|**0*0| 4|Inclusive OR Accumulator |A=Avr
(26X)|
|ORA M
|B6|**0*0| 7|Inclusive OR Accumulator |A=Av[HL]
|
|ORI n
|F6|**0*0| 7|Inclusive OR Immediate
|A=Avn
|
|OUT p
|D3|-----|10|Output
|[p]=A
|
|PCHL
|E9|-----| 6|Jump HL indirect
|PC=[HL]
|
|POP B
|C1|-----|10|Pop BC
|BC=[SP]+
|
|POP D
|D1|-----|10|Pop DE
|DE=[SP]+
|
|POP H
|E1|-----|10|Pop HL
|HL=[SP]+
|
|POP PSW |F1|-----|10|Pop Processor Status Word |{PSW,A}=[SP]+|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|Mnemonic |Op|SZAPC|~s|Description
|Notes
|
|---------+--+-----+--+--------------------------+-------------|
|PUSH B
|C5|-----|12|Push BC
|-[SP]=BC
|
|PUSH D
|D5|-----|12|Push DE
|-[SP]=DE
|
|PUSH H
|E5|-----|12|Push HL
|-[SP]=HL
|
|PUSH PSW |F5|-----|12|Push Processor Status Word|-[SP]={PSW,A}|
|RAL
|17|----*| 4|Rotate Accumulator Left
|A={CY,A}<|
|RAR
|1F|----*| 4|Rotate Accumulator Righ
|A=->{CY,A}
|
|RET
|C9|-----|10|Return
|PC=[SP]+
|
|RC
|D8|-----| 6|Return on Carry
|If CY=1(12~s)|
|RIM
|20|-----| 4|Read Interrupt Mask
|A=mask
|
|RM
|F8|-----| 6|Return on Minus
|If S=1 (12~s)|
|RNC
|D0|-----| 6|Return on No Carry
|If CY=0(12~s)|
|RNZ
|C0|-----| 6|Return on No Zero
|If Z=0 (12~s)|
|RP
|F0|-----| 6|Return on Plus
|If S=0 (12~s)|
|RPE
|E8|-----| 6|Return on Parity Even
|If P=1 (12~s)|
|RPO
|E0|-----| 6|Return on Parity Odd
|If P=0 (12~s)|
|RZ
|C8|-----| 6|Return on Zero
|If Z=1 (12~s)|
72
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
|RLC
|07|----*| 4|Rotate Left Circular
|A=A<|
|RRC
|0F|----*| 4|Rotate Right Circular
|A=->A
|
|RST z
|C7|-----|12|Restart
(3X7)|-[SP]=PC,PC=z|
|SBB r
|9F|*****| 4|Subtract with Borrow
|A=A-r-CY
|
|SBB M
|9E|*****| 7|Subtract with Borrow
|A=A-[HL]-CY |
|SBI n
|DE|*****| 7|Subtract with Borrow Immed|A=A-n-CY
|
|SHLD a
|22|-----|16|Store HL Direct
|[a]=HL
|
|SIM
|30|-----| 4|Set Interrupt Mask
|mask=A
|
|SPHL
|F9|-----| 6|Move HL to SP
|SP=HL
|
|STA a
|32|-----|13|Store Accumulator
|[a]=A
|
|STAX B
|02|-----| 7|Store Accumulator indirect|[BC]=A
|
|STAX D
|12|-----| 7|Store Accumulator indirect|[DE]=A
|
|STC
|37|----1| 4|Set Carry
|CY=1
|
|SUB r
|97|*****| 4|Subtract
|A=A-r
(22X)|
|SUB M
|96|*****| 7|Subtract Memory
|A=A-[HL]
|
|SUI n
|D6|*****| 7|Subtract Immediate
|A=A-n
|
|XCHG
|EB|-----| 4|Exchange HL with DE
|HL<->DE
|
|XRA r
|AF|**0*0| 4|Exclusive OR Accumulator |A=Axr
(25X)|
|XRA M
|AE|**0*0| 7|Exclusive OR Accumulator |A=Ax[HL]
|
|XRI n
|EE|**0*0| 7|Exclusive OR Immediate
|A=Axn
|
|XTHL
|E3|-----|16|Exchange stack Top with HL|[SP]<->HL
|
|------------+-----+--+----------------------------------------|
| PSW
|-*01 | |Flag unaffected/affected/reset/set
|
| S
|S
| |Sign (Bit 7)
|
| Z
| Z
| |Zero (Bit 6)
|
| AC
| A | |Auxilary Carry (Bit 4)
|
| P
|
P | |Parity (Bit 2)
|
| CY
|
C| |Carry (Bit 0)
|
|---------------------+----------------------------------------|
| a p
|Direct addressing
|
| M z
|Register indirect addressing
|
| n nn
|Immediate addressing
|
| r
|Register addressing
|
|---------------------+----------------------------------------|
|DB n(,n)
|Define Byte(s)
|
|DB 'string'
|Define Byte ASCII character string
|
|DS nn
|Define Storage Block
|
|DW nn(,nn)
|Define Word(s)
|
|---------------------+----------------------------------------|
| A B C D E H L |Registers (8-bit)
|
| BC DE HL
|Register pairs (16-bit)
|
| PC
|Program Counter register (16-bit)
|
| PSW
|Processor Status Word (8-bit)
|
| SP
|Stack Pointer register (16-bit)
|
|---------------------+----------------------------------------|
| a nn
|16-bit address/data (0 to 65535)
|
| n p
|8-bit data/port (0 to 255)
|
| r
|Register (X=B,C,D,E,H,L,M,A)
|
| z
|Vector (X=0H,8H,10H,18H,20H,28H,30H,38H)|
|---------------------+----------------------------------------|
| + |Arithmetic addition/subtraction
|
| & ~
|Logical AND/NOT
|
| v x
|Logical inclusive/exclusive OR
|
| <- ->
|Rotate left/right
|
| <->
|Exchange
|
| [ ]
|Indirect addressing
|
| [ ]+ -[ ]
|Indirect address auto-inc/decrement
|
| { }
|Combination operands
|
| ( X )
|Octal op code where X is a 3-bit code
|
| If ( ~s)
|Number of cycles if condition true
|
---------------------------------------------------------------Vi x ly
73
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bang 2-8. Tom tat tap lenh cua vi x ly 8085A.
VI.
TOM TAT CAU HOI ON TAP BAI TAP:

1.
TOM TAT:
1. Mot vi x ly co 3 phan chnh: khoi ALU, cac thanh ghi, va khoi control logic.
2. Khoi ALU co 2 ngo vao va mot ngo ra. Mot trong 2 ngo vao nhan d lieu t data
bus, ngo vao con lai se nhan d lieu t thanh ghi A. khoi ALU co the x ly 1 hoac 2
d lieu, chc nang chnh cua khoi ALU la thc hien cac phep toan so hoc, cac phep
toan logic va kiem tra d lieu.
3. Thanh ghi trong vi x ly co the lu tr tam thi cac d lieu, cac thanh ghi thong
dung, cac thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet.
4. Tat ca cac vi x ly eu co cac thanh ghi c ban:
Accumulator.
Program counter.
Stack pointer.
General purpose registers.
Memory address register and logic.
Instruction register.
Temporary register.
5. Cac thanh ghi rat can thiet cho vi x ly lam viec. Tuy nhien ngi lap trnh khong
the s dung het tat ca cac thanh ghi nay.
6. Thanh ghi Accumulator luon lam viec vi khoi ALU, Accumulator la mot thanh ghi
quan trong cua vi x ly trong x ly d lieu. Chieu dai t d lieu cua thanh ghi
Accumulator bang vi chieu dai t d lieu cua vi x ly.
7. Thanh ghi Program counter co chc nang tao a ch e on lenh khi vi x ly thc
hien chng trnh, khi vi x ly on lenh xong va thc hien lenh th noi dung cua PC
tang len e chuan b on lenh tiep theo. Thanh ghi PC phai co chieu dai t d lieu
hay so bit co kha nang truy xuat het bo nh.
8. Mot chng trnh co the bat au tai bat ky v tr nao trong bo nh va co the ket thuc
tai bat ky v tr nao trong bo nh. Tuy nhien cac lenh trong chng trnh phai theo
ung mot trnh t hp ly.
9. Khi vi x ly bat au thc hien chng trnh:
Tng lenh trong chng trnh se c thc hien theo mot trnh t noi tiep tr khi
co lenh ac biet lam thay oi trnh t nay.
Khi PC ch en mot o nh th khoi control logic se on lenh t o nh nay.
Moi khi lenh c on, vi x ly se tang noi dung cua PC e chuan b cho lenh ke
va bat au thc hien lenh va on.
74
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Thanh ghi a ch bo nh ch en moi o nh e truy xuat d lieu khi vi x ly yeu

cau.
D lieu trong thanh ghi a ch bo nh se c gi ra bus a ch ben ngoai e
ket noi vi bo nh. Thanh ghi a ch bo nh phai co u so bit e co the truy xuat
het tat ca cac o nh ma vi x ly co the.
10. Thanh ghi trang thai se lu tr lai cac ket qua cua mot so lenh, mot thanh ghi trang
thai thng co cac bit sau: bit zero, bit negative, bit carry, bit haft carry, bit parity,
bit overflow, bit interrupt ... cac bit trang thai dung e xac nh trang thai cua mot
so la chon trong chng trnh.
11. Thanh ghi SP ch en mot o nh dung e lu tr d lieu tam thi. Moi khi ngan xep
dung e lu tr d lieu th gia tr trong SP se giam e chuan b cho viec lu tr d
lieu tiep theo.
12. Thanh ghi lenh lu tr lenh dang so nh phan e ra lenh cho khoi control logic thc
hien cac cong viec ma lenh yeu cau.
13. Khi lenh c on t bo nh co ngha la thc hien mot qua trnh copy d lieu trong
o nh cua chng trnh vao thanh ghi lenh.
14. Trong qua trnh thc hien lenh khoi control logic va khoi giai ma lenh se oc lenh
trong thanh ghi lenh.
15. Thanh ghi tam thi dung e lu tr d lieu cho ALU x ly.
16. Khoi giai ma lenh thc hien cong viec giai ma lenh e xem lenh yeu cau thc hien
cong viec g, sau o khoi control logic se thc hien ung cong viec o.
17. Cac khoi trong vi x ly c ket noi vi nhau thong qua bus d lieu ben trong. Qua
trnh ket noi e trao oi d lieu c khoi control logic quyet nh, s quyet nh
nay tuy thuoc vao lenh. Bus d lieu luon la bus 2 chieu.
18. Mot lenh cua vi x ly la mot t dang so nh phan, dung e khoi giai ma va khoi
control logic thc hien mot cong viec nhat nh.
19. Tap lenh cua vi x ly la tat ca cac lenh ma vi x ly co the hieu va thc hien c.
20. Chieu dai cua 1 lenh (so lng cac bit cua 1 lenh) bang vi chieu dai t d lieu
21. Lenh cua vi x ly c giai ma va thc hien khi lenh c nap thanh ghi lenh ben
trong vi x ly chu ky on lenh. chu ky thc hien lenh khoi giai ma va khoi
control logic se thc hien cac yeu cau cua lenh.
22. Mot lenh cua vi x ly bao gom 2 phan hay 2 thong tin. Thong tin th nhat e bao
cho vi x ly biet lam cong viec g. Thong tin th 2 bao cho vi x ly a ch cua d
lieu. Thong tin th nhat thng goi la ma lenh hay ma cong tac. Thong tin th 2 goi
la a ch hay a ch cong tac (co ngha la lenh xay ra oi vi d lieu tai a ch
o).
23. Co nhom lenh c ban va co rat nhieu ma lenh cho 1 nhom lenh.
24. Lenh cua vi x ly la mot so nh phan gom ca thong tin va a ch c goi la ma
may. e de nh lenh ma may a c chuyen sang ma gi nh, t gi nh co y
ngha gan vi chc nang cua lenh. Tap hp cac t gi nh goi la ngon ng
Vi x ly
75
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Assembly. Khi viet chng trnh bang Assembly, e may thc hien chng trnh
nay th phai co chng trnh dch cac lenh viet bang Assembly sang ma may e vi
x ly thc hien, chng trnh dch c goi la Assembler.
2.
CAU HOI ON TAP VA BAI TAP TRAC NGHIEM:
1. S o khoi cua vi x ly dung e

A. Dien ta chi tiet cac cong logic va cac Flip Flop c dung e thiet ke nen vi x ly.
B. Dien ta cac mach logic cua vi x ly ket noi vi cac thiet b IO va bo nh ben ngoai.
C. Dung e trnh bay cac khoi logic co chc nang x ly d lieu e giai quyet mot van
e.
D. Ca 3 cau tren eu ung.
2. Trong cac cau sau cau nao khong phai la chc nang cua ALU:
A. Add
B. Shift
C. Complement
D. Lu tr d lieu.
3. ALU co 2 ngo vao, 2 ngo vao nay c ket noi vi:
A. Program Counter.
B. Bus d lieu ben trong.
C. Control logic.
D. Thanh ghi a ch bo nh.
4. Chc nang chnh cua khoi ALU:
A. Thc hien phep cong.
B. ong vai tro xuat d lieu giong nh thanh ghi Accumulator.
C. Thc hien cac phep toan logic va so hoc e x ly d lieu.
D. Tat ca 3 cau tren eu ung.
5. Hau het cac phep toan logic va so hoc trong vi x ly thc hien gia noi dung cua mot o
nh hoac noi dung cua mot thanh ghi vi:
A. Noi dung cua thanh ghi Accumulator.
B. Noi dung thanh ghi Program Counter.
C. Noi dung thanh ghi a ch.
D. Thanh ghi lenh.
6. Mot vi x ly 16 bit co the truy xuat 220 = 1.048.567 o nh co the cho biet thanh ghi PC
cua Microprocessor nay co chieu dai t d lieu bao nhieu bit:
A. 4
B. 8
C. 16
D. 20
E. 22
E. 32
7. Thanh ghi Program counter cua vi x ly la mot trong nhng thanh ghi:
A. ac biet.
B. Thong dung
C. Memory.
D. Tat ca 3 cau tren.
8. Khi vi x ly ang thc hien lenh, thanh ghi PC ang ch en:
A. Lenh va thc hien.
B. Lenh ang thc hien.
C. Lenh tiep theo.
D. Ca 3 cau tren eu sai.
76
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
9. Hay thc hien cac phep cong cac so nh phan 8 bit. Sau khi cong xong cac con so nay,
hay xac nh anh hng cua phep cong en cac bit Zero (Z), bit Negative (N), bit Carry (C).
0000 1111
0011 1011
+ 1111 0000
+
1100 0101
1110 1111
+ 1111 1111
0111 0100
+ 1100 1100
0000 0001
1111 0001
0000 0001
0111 1111
10. Khi tang noi dung cua thanh ghi len 3 lan (moi lan tang 1) lam cho bit Zero cua thanh
trang thai c Set mc logic 1 lan tang th 3. Vay gia tr ban au cha trong thanh ghi la
bao nhieu ?
11. Thanh ghi a ch bo nh dung e ch en:
A. Noi dung cua bo nh.
B. V tr cua o nh.
C. V tr cua CPU.
D. V tr cua cac thanh ghi.
12. Thanh ghi a ch bo nh ket noi vi bus d lieu ben trong vi x ly e no co the nap
gia tr t:
A. Thanh ghi Program counter.
B. Cac thanh ghi thong dung.
C. Memory.
D. Ca 3 cau tren.
13. Cac ngo ra thanh ghi a ch dung e ket noi vi
A. Thanh ghi Accumulator cua vi x ly.
B. Bus d lieu ben trong cua Microprocessor.
C. Bus a ch bo nh ben ngoai cua vi x ly.
D. Vi ngo vao cua bo giai ma lenh.
return
Vi x ly
77
Chng III
CAU TRUC VI X LY 8086/88
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CAU TRUC BEN TRONG VI X LY 8086/88.

CAC THANH GHI BEN TRONG VI X LY.
BO NH PHAN OAN CUA VI X LY.
RESET VI X LY.
TOM TAT PHAN CNG VI X LY 8086.
a.
Khao sat ac tnh ien
b.
Mo ta chan cua vi x ly
c.
Tao xung clock va mach reset 8086/88
CAC PHNG PHAP NH A CH CUA VI X LY 8086
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Cach nh a ch dung thanh ghi

Cac nh a ch tc thi
Cac nh a ch trc tiep
Cac cach nh a ch gian tiep
a. nh a ch gian tiep thanh ghi
b. nh a ch nen
c. nh a ch ch so
d. nh a ch nen ch so vi o di
Cac nh a ch chuoi
Cac nh a ch cong
Cac nh a ch ngan xep
Cac quy tac ket thanh ghi oan va thanh ghi offset
TAP LENH CUA VI X LY 8086
1.
2.
3.
Ma lenh cua vi x ly 8086/88.

Tong quan ve tap lenh cua vi x ly 8086.
Khao sat tap lenh cua vi x ly 8086.
CAU HOI VA BAI TAP
Chng 3: Cau truc vi x ly 16 bit 8086/88.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
LIET KE CAC HNH

Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
3-1. Cau truc ben trong cua vi x ly 8086/88.

3-2. Qua trnh nhan lenh va thc thi lenh.
3-3. 14 thanh ghi ben trong vi x ly.
3-4. Cac thanh ghi oan quan ly cac vung nh.
3-5. Cac bit trong thanh ghi c.
3-6. To chc bo nh cua vi x ly 8086.
3-7. S o chan vi x ly 8086 va vi x ly 8088.
3-8. Gian o thi gian truy xuat bo nh cua vi x ly 8086.
3-9. Tao cac tn hieu ghi oc bo nh va IO.
3-10. Vi x ly hoat ong che o toi thieu.
3-11. Vi x ly hoat ong che o toi a.
3-12. Mach tao tn hieu reset.
3-13a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV AX, BX.
3-13b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV AX, BX.
3-14a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV AL,15H.
3-14b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV AL,15H.
3-15a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV CX,BETA.
3-15b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV CX,BETA.
3-16a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV AX,[SI].
3-16b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV AX,[SI].
3-17a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV [BX] +BETA,AL.
3-17b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV [BX] +BETA,AL.
3-18a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV AL,[SI] +ARRAY.
3-18b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV AL,[SI] +ARRAY.
3-19a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV AX,[BX] [SI] +BETA.
3-19b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV AX,[BX] [SI] +BETA.
3-20. Hoat ong cua ngan xep vi lenh PUSH.
3-21. Dang ma lenh.
LIET KE CAC BANG

Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
78
3-1. Cac thanh ghi khi s dung c hieu ngam.

3-2. Bang a ch 20 bit.
3-3. Cac oan bo nh oc lap.
3-4. Trang thai cua cac thanh ghi khi vi x ly b reset.
3-5. ac tnh ien.
3-6. at tnh toc o va cong suat tieu tan.
3-7. Ma hoa truy xuat bo nh cua vi x ly 8086.
3-8. Tnh toan a ch hieu dung cho cac cach nh a ch gian tiep.
3-9. Qui tat ket hp cac thanh ghi oan va thanh ghi offset.
3-10. Bang liet ke gia tr cua REG.
3-11. Bang liet ke gia tr cua MOD.
3-12. Bang liet ke gia tr cua R/M.
3-13. Bang liet ke chu ky thc hien cua cac lenh.
Vi x ly
I.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
CAU TRUC CUA VI X LY 8086/88:

1.
CAU TRUC BEN TRONG VI X LY 8086/88:
Nh a trnh bay phan gii thieu th chng nay se khao sat vi x ly 16 bit va vi x ly
tieu bieu la 8086/88.
Cau truc ben trong cua vi x ly gom hai khoi chnh nh hnh 3-1, no c to chc thanh 2
bo x ly rieng la BIU (Bus Interface Unit) va EU (Execution Unit).
Hnh 3-1. Cau truc ben trong cua vi x ly 8086/88.
Chc nang cua khoi BIU: on ma lenh t bo nh va at chung vao hang ch lenh. Khoi
EU giai ma va thc thi nhng ma lenh trong hang ch lenh.
V cac n v lam viec oc lap vi nhau nen khoi BIU co the ang nhan 1 lenh mi trong
khi EU ang thc thi lenh trc o. Khi khoi EU san sang thc thi lenh mi th no se tm thay
ngay ma lenh mi ang i trong hang ch lenh.
Chc nang cua khoi EU: nhan nhng ma lenh cua chng trnh va d lieu t BIU, thc thi
lenh va gi tr ket qua tr lai cho khoi BIU e lu vao thanh ghi hay bo nh hoac co the xuat ra
ngoai thiet b giao tiep. Chu y: khoi EU khong co ket noi vi bus he thong nen ch nhan va
xuat d lieu eu thong qua khoi BIU.
Vi x ly
79
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Vi x ly 8088 cung la mot vi x ly 16 bit, s khac nhau gia vi x ly 8086 va 8088 la khoi
BIU: vi x ly 8086 th bus d lieu giao tiep ben trong va ben ngoai eu la 16 bit trong khi o
vi x ly 8088 th bus ben trong la 16 bit con bus ben ngoai ch co 8 bit. S khac nhau nay dan
en to chc bo nh giao tiep vi vi x ly 8086 va 8088 cung khac nhau. Vi x ly 8088 th bo
nh to chc theo byte, con vi x ly 8086 th bo nh to chc theo word (2 byte).
Mot iem khac biet th 2 o la hang i lenh cua vi x ly 8086 co 6 byte con vi x ly 8088
ch co 4 byte.
Con tat ca cac khoi con lai eu giong nhau nen ieu nay cho phep mot chng trnh cho
8086 th co the chay tren vi x ly 8088.
Qua trnh nhan lenh va thc thi:
Bc 1: Khoi BIU xuat noi dung cua thanh ghi con tro lenh IP (Instruction Pointer) ra bus
a ch e truy xuat bo nh tien hanh oc ma lenh roi lu vao khoi BIU.
Bc 2: Tang thanh ghi con tro lenh len e tro en lenh ke.
Bc 3: Khi ma lenh a vao trong BIU th no c chuyen vao hang ch lenh (queue).
Hang ch lenh la cac thanh ghi to chc theo kieu vao trc ra trc (FIFO = First In First Out).
Bc 4: Gia s ban au hang i lenh trong th khoi EU se lap tc lay ma lenh va thc
hien ngay ma lenh o.
Bc 5: Trong khi khoi EU ang thc thi lenh th khoi BIU tien hanh nhan ma lenh mi.
Tuy thuoc vao thi gian thc thi lenh ma khoi BIU co the lay nhieu ma lenh trc khi khoi EU
lay ma lenh ke.
Khoi BIU c lap trnh e nhan mot lenh mi bat ky khi nao hang i con cho trong. S
ket hp nay co u iem la khoi EU thc hien lenh lien tuc khong phai ch nhan ma lenh so vi
vi x ly trc nh khoi BIU dan en lam tang toc o x ly chng trnh.
Toan bo qua trnh thc hien c minh hoa nh hnh 3-2:
Hnh (a). Kieu thc hien cua cac vi x ly theo cach thong thng.
Hnh (b). Kieu thc hien cua vi x ly theo cau truc ng ong.
Hnh 3-2. Qua trnh nhan lenh va thc thi lenh.
80
Vi x ly
Ghi chu:
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
(1) Cac ma lenh nay b bo qua.

(2) Lenh nay can d lieu khong nam trong hang i.
(3) Khi thc hien lenh Jump.
(Fetch: on lenh t bo nh, Execute: thc hien lenh, Read data: oc d lieu, Wait: i).
Trong qua trnh khoi BIU nhan ma lenh a vao hang i va khoi EU thc thi lenh th van
xay ra 3 trng hp khoi EU phai ri vao trang thai ch va khoi BIU cung ri vao trang thai
ch.
Trng hp 1: xay ra khi lenh can truy xuat en mot o nh e lay d lieu khong co trong
hang i. Trong trng hp nay khoi BIU phai tam ngng viec nhan ma lenh ma tien hanh xuat
a ch e nhan d lieu t bo nh gi cho khoi EU. Sau khi thc thi xong khoi EU tiep tuc nhan
ma lenh t hang va BIU tiep tuc on ma lenh gi vao hang.
Trng hp 2: xay ra khi lenh ang thc thi la lenh nhay jump. Trong trng hp nay
khoi EU se nhay ti thc hien lenh tai a ch mi, trong khi o khoi BIU a nhan ma cua lenh
ke, chnh v the EU phai i khoi BIU nhan a ch cua ni nhay en, sau khi nhan a ch t
khoi BIU th khoi EU se nhay va khoi BIU tiep tuc nhan ma lenh t bo nh a vao hang i.
Trng hp 3: trng hp lam BIU ngng nhan ma lenh. Trng hp nay xay ra khi khoi
EU thc thi lenh mat nhieu thi gian. V du nh lenh AAM (lenh hieu chnh thap phan cho lenh
nhan) can 83 chu ky xung nhp mi thc hien xong, trong khi o khoi BIU can 4 xung th nhan
xong mot ma lenh nen BIU nhan ma lenh lam ay hang i nhng EU van cha thc hien xong
lenh nen BIU phai ch.
Qua trnh nhan lenh trong khi EU thc thi lenh co mot tien ch la co the s dung cac bo
nh co toc o truy xuat cham ma van khong lam anh hng en nang suat he thong nh co kien
truc ng ong.
Chuan PC: Vi bus d lieu 16 bit th can 2 day bo nh nhng tai thi iem o bo nh rat
at tien. Do o Intel cho ra i vi x ly 8088 hoan toan giong 8086 ngoai tr bus d lieu ben
ngoai la 8 bit.
Vi x ly
81
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Sau o IBM cho ra i may tnh IBM-PC s dung vi x ly 8088 va bo nh 16Kbyte (co the
m rong len en 64Kbyte) va cho ra may tnh PC chuan vi toc bo xung clock la 4.77 MHz.
2. CAC THANH GHI TRONG VI X LY 8086/88:
Vi x ly 8086/88 co 14 thanh ghi va c phan loai nh sau:
Cac thanh ghi d lieu.
Cac thanh ghi ch so va con tro.
Cac thanh ghi oan hay con goi la cac thanh ghi phan oan.
Cac thanh ghi trang thai va ieu khien.
Hnh 3-3 trnh bay cac thanh ghi ben trong vi x ly 8086/88:
Hnh 3-3. 14 thanh ghi ben trong vi x ly.
a.
Khao sat cac thanh ghi d lieu:
Cac thanh ghi d lieu bao gom 4 thanh ghi co ten la thanh ghi AX, BX, CX va DX, chung
eu la thanh ghi 16 bit nen cho phep lu tr c d lieu 16 bit. Moi thanh ghi co the chia ra
lam 2 thanh ghi: thanh ghi lu tr byte thap (Low) va thanh ghi lu tr byte cao (High) co the
truy xuat oc lap va cu the la:
AH, AL c chia t thanh ghi AX.
BH, BL c chia t thanh ghi BX.
CH, CL c chia t thanh ghi CX.
DH, DL c chia t thanh ghi DX.
Chc nang cua cac thanh ghi: dung e thc hien cac phep toan so hoc, phep toan logic va
chuyen d lieu.
82
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Co mot so thanh ghi khi s dung c hieu ngam trong mot so lenh nh cho bang 3-1.
Thanh ghi
c hieu ngam trong mot so lenh:
AX
MUL, IMUL, DIV, IDIV

IN, OUT, CWD va cac phep toan chuoi.
AL
MUL, IMUL, DIV, IDIV, IN, OUT

AAA, AAD, AAM, AAX, CBW
DAA, DAS va cac phep toan chuoi.
AH
MUL, IMUL, DIV, IDIV, CBW
DX
XLAT
CX
LOOP, LOOPE, LOOPNE

Cac phep toan string vi tiep au ng REP
CL
RCR, RCL, ROR, ROL (quay vi so lan lu trong CL)

SHR, SAR, SAL (dch vi so lan lu trong CL)
DX
MUL, IMUL, DIV, IDIV
Bang 3-1. Cac thanh ghi khi s dung c hieu ngam.
Thanh ghi tch luy AX (Accumulator):

La thanh ghi c s dung nhieu nhat trong cac lenh so hoc, lenh logic va truyen d lieu
vi ly do la khi s dung thanh ghi nay tao ra ma may ngan nhat.
Trong cac phep toan nhan hoac chia th mot trong cac so han tham gia phai cha trong AH
hoac AL, cac thao tac vao ra cung s dung thanh ghi AH hoac AL.
Thanh ghi c s BX (Base):

Thanh ghi BX c dung cho tnh toan a ch trong phng phap nh a ch gian tiep.
Thanh ghi em CX (Count):

Viec thc hien cac vong lap c thc hien de dang nh thanh ghi CX, trong o CX ong
vai tro la bo em vong lap. Mot lenh thng s dung thanh ghi CX o la lenh REP (Repeat).
CL cung c s dung la mot bien em trong cac lenh dch hay xoay cac bit.
Thanh ghi d lieu DX (Data):

DX dung e nh a ch gian tiep trong cac thao tac xuat nhap (In/Out), no cung con c
s dung cha toan han, ket qua trong phep nhan va chia.
b.
Khao sat cac thanh ghi ch so va thanh ghi con tro:
Cac thanh ghi SP, BP, SI va DI la cac thanh ghi 16 bit dung e cha cac gia tr offset (con
goi la o lech) khi nh a ch trong mot bo nh oan (segment). Cac thanh ghi nay con c s
dung trong cac phep toan so hoc va logic.
Hai thanh ghi con tro SP va BP dung e quan ly bo nh ngan xep hien hanh.
Hai thanh ghi ch so SI va DI dung e truy xuat hay quan ly vung nh d lieu va vung nh
d lieu m rong (extra segment).
Thanh ghi con tro ngan xep SP (Stack Pointer):
Vi x ly
83
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Dung e ket hp vi thanh ghi oan SS (Stack Segment) e quan ly a ch cua bo nh

ngan xep.
Thanh ghi con tro c s BP (Base Pointer):

Thanh ghi nay c dung e truy cap d lieu trong ngan xep ma khong lam thay oi SP.
Tuy nhien, khac vi SP thanh ghi BP cung con c s dung e truy cap d lieu cac vung nh
khac.
Thanh ghi ch so nguon SI (Source Index):

Thanh ghi SI c s dung e tro ti cac o nh trong oan d lieu c ch nh bi thanh
ghi oan d lieu DS (Data Segment), co the truy cap de dang cac o nh lien tiep bang cach tang
gia tr cua thanh ghi SI.
Thanh ghi ch so ch DI (Destination Index):

Thanh ghi DI co chc nang tng t nh thanh ghi SI va c dung ket hp vi thanh ghi
oan m rong ES (Extra Segment). Ca hai DI va SI thch hp trong cac thao tac sao chep, di
chuyen hoac so sanh cac khoi d lieu co dung lng en 64kB.
c.
Khao sat cac thanh ghi oan:
Co 4 thanh ghi oan CS, DS, SS va ES eu la cac thanh ghi 16 bit.

Trc khi trnh bay chc nang cua cac thanh ghi nay chung ta can phan tch bo nh giao
tiep vi vi x ly 8086/88.
Bo nh la tap hp cac byte o nh trong o moi byte co mot a ch xac nh. Vi x ly
8086/88 co 20 ng a ch e giao tiep vi bo nh co dung lng 1 Mbyte, moi o nh co mot
a ch 20 bit. Cac byte au tien cua bo nh co a ch nh sau:
A19
A18
A17
A16
A15
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
HEX
00000
00001
00002
FFFFF
Bang 3-2. Bang a ch 20 bit.
Do cac a ch cua cac o nh la 20 bit khong the cha trong mot thanh ghi 16 bit cua vi x
ly 8086/88 nen 8086/88 chia bo nh 1Mbyte thanh 16 oan bo nh (Memory Segment). 16 oan
bo nh do cac thanh ghi oan quan ly goi la thanh ghi segment c trnh bay nh hnh 3-4:
84
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 3-4. Cac thanh ghi oan quan ly cac vung nh.
Moi oan bo nh eu co dung lng la 64Kbyte va co a ch t 0000H cho en FFFFH.

e quan ly a ch vung nh cua mot oan phai s dung thanh ghi 16 bit goi la thanh ghi offset
a ch trong 1 oan con goi la a ch offset.
Khi o a ch vat ly (con goi la a ch logic) cua mot o nh c xac nh bang cach ket
hp thanh ghi quan ly a ch oan va thanh ghi quan ly a ch lenh segment:offset.
Trong hnh 3-4 co cho v du a ch segment:offset = 0FE6:012Bh th a ch segment la
0FE6H va a ch offset la 012BH. e tm a ch vat ly (Physical Address = PA) cua o nh th
vi x ly phai dch a ch segment ve ben trai 4 bit (bit them vao la bit 0) hay co the xem nh
them vao mot con so 0H ben trai (a ch 0FE6H sau khi dch th tr thanh 0FE60H )va sau o
cong vi a ch offset (012BH), ket qua a ch vat ly cua o nh co a ch 0FE6:012Bh se la
0FF8Bh.
Bon thanh ghi oan co chc nang quan ly 4 vung nh oan tng ng:
Thanh ghi oan CS cung vi thanh ghi offset co chc nang quan ly oan bo nh
cha ma lenh (Code Segment).
Thanh ghi oan ES cung vi thanh ghi offset co chc nang quan ly oan bo nh m
rong (Extra Segment).
Thanh ghi oan SS cung vi thanh ghi offset co chc nang quan ly oan bo nh
ngan xep cha cac d lieu tam thi (Stack Segment).
Thanh ghi oan DS cung vi thanh ghi offset co chc nang quan ly oan bo nh
cha d lieu (Data Segment).
Vung nh 1Mbyte c chia ra lam 16 oan oc lap nh bang 3-3:

Vung nh oan
Vi x ly
Segment: offset
Segment: offset
(bat au)
(ket thuc)
0000:0000
0000:FFFF
a ch vat ly
00000 0FFFF
85
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
1000:0000
1000:FFFF
10000 1FFFF
2000:0000
2000:FFFF
20000 2FFFF
3000:0000
3000:FFFF
30000 3FFFF
4000:0000
4000:FFFF
40000 4FFFF
5000:0000
5000:FFFF
50000 5FFFF
6000:0000
6000:FFFF
60000 6FFFF
7000:0000
7000:FFFF
70000 7FFFF
8000:0000
8000:FFFF
80000 8FFFF
9000:0000
9000:FFFF
90000 9FFFF
10
A000:0000
A000:FFFF
A0000 AFFFF
11
B000:0000
B000:FFFF
B0000 BFFFF
12
C000:0000
C000:FFFF
C0000 CFFFF
13
D000:0000
D000:FFFF
D0000 DFFFF
14
E000:0000
E000:FFFF
E0000 EFFFF
15
F000:0000
F000:FFFF
F0000 FFFFF
Bang 3-3. Cac oan bo nh oc lap.
Vi viec phan chia nh bang tren th cac oan la oc lap khong b chong len nhau that ra
con co the cach xa nhau, nhng trong thc te do phan cng thiet ke khong ay u dung lng
1Mbyte, v du nh he thong ch co 128Kbyte th bat buoc cac oan phai chong len nhau. Ngi
lap trnh phai phan chia cac vung nh theo he thong phan cng a thiet ke.
Mot chng trnh khong phai luc nao cung chiem het mot oan 64KByte, do ac iem
chong nhau gia cac oan nen cho phep cac oan cua mot chng trnh nho hn 64KB co the
at gan nhau. Tai mot thi iem, ch co cac o nh c nh a ch bi 4 thanh ghi oan mi co
the truy cap, ngha la ch co 4 oan bo nh la tac ong. Tuy nhien noi dung cua cac thanh ghi
oan co the thay oi bi chng trnh e truy cap en cac oan khac nhau.
d.
Khao sat thanh ghi con tro lenh va thanh ghi trang thai :
Thanh ghi con tro lenh IP (Instruction Pointer): co chc nang quan ly lenh giong nh
thanh ghi PC (Program Counter) cua cac vi x ly 8 bit.
Khoi BIU quan ly thanh ghi IP e lu tr a ch offset va ket hp vi thanh ghi CS e tao
ra a ch vat ly e nhan ma lenh t bo nh cha ma lenh Code Segment. Sau khi on ma lenh
th noi dung cua thanh ghi IP tang len e on ma cua lenh ke.
Ngi lap trnh khong the s dung trc tiep thanh ghi nay.
86
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Thanh ghi c (Flag Register): cua 8086 co o dai 16bit, trong o co 3 bit ieu khien va 6
bit trang thai con c goi la c. Cac bit con lai cha c thiet lap nen ngi dung khong the
truy xuat. Hnh 3-5 la cau tao cua thanh ghi c trong 8086/88:
Hnh 3-5. Cac bit trong thanh ghi c.
Khi vi x ly thc hien cac phep toan th can c vao ket qua sau khi x ly se tac ong en
mot so c trong thanh ghi trang thai nh a trnh bay phan trc. Chc nang cua cac thanh ghi
c c e cap lai nh sau:
+ C tran CF:
C nh CF bang 1 khi thc hien phep toan cong co tran hoac phep toan tr co mn,
ngc lai neu khong tran, khong mn th c CF bang 0. C CF cung b anh hng bi cac lenh
xoay va lenh dch.
+ C chan le PF:
Sau khi thc hien cac lenh so hoc hoac lenh logic oi vi d lieu dang byte: neu byte ket
qua la so chan th c PF bang 1 ngc lai th c PF bang 0 neu la so le, oi vi d lieu x ly
la word ch xet cac byte thap.
+ C nh phu AF:
Khi thc hien lenh cong hoac lenh tr so BCD: neu d lieu dang byte th c AF bang 1 khi
cong hoac tr 4 bit thap b tran hoac co mn, neu d lieu dang word th c AF bang 1 khi cong
hoac tr byte thap b tran hoac co mn. C AF c s dung trong cac lenh x ly vi d lieu
dang so BCD.
+ C zero ZF:
C zero bang 1 khi ket qua x ly bang 0.
+ C dau SF:
C dau bang 1 khi bit MSB cua ket qua bang 1 tc la so am, oi vi lenh byte MSB la
bit 7 va trong lenh word la bit 15. Ngc lai c SF bang 0.
+ C bay TF:
Vi x ly
87
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Co chc nang thc hien chng trnh theo tng bc, khi TF bang 1 th vi x ly 8086/88
phat sinh ngat cng loai 1. Chng trnh DEBUG s dung khi thi hanh lenh T (trace) e chay
tng lenh mot. au tien DEBUG thiet lap c TF roi mi chuyen ieu khien cho lenh o. Sau
khi lenh c thi hanh vi x ly se phat sinh ngat do TF c lap chng trnh DEBUG s dung
chnh phuc vu ngat nay e lay quyen ieu khien t vi x ly.
+ C ngat IF:
C ngat c s dung e ieu khien cac ngat phan cng ben ngoai, neu c IF bang 1 th
cac ngat c phep. Khi c IF bang 0 th cam cac ngat ngoai hay con goi la cac ngat a b che.
Thc ra van con mot ngat cng c phep ngat o la ngat NMI (Non Maskable Interrupt).
Trc khi vi x ly thc hien chng trnh phuc vu ngat no se t ong xoa ca c IF va c
TF, viec nay co chc nang cam cac ngat khac lam gian oan vi x ly ang thc hien chng
trnh hien tai. Tuy nhien neu chung ta cho phep ngat trong chng trnh phuc vu ngat va neu
ngat xay ra th chng trnh nay se b ngat e phuc vu chng trnh ngat mi.
+ C tran OF:
C tran OF bang 1 khi ket qua la so nh phan co dau vt qua gii han qui nh va ngc
lai th c OF bang 0.
Nh a trnh bay tren th c CF la c tran oi vi d lieu x ly va ket qua sau khi x ly
eu la so nh phan khong dau. Con c OF la c tran oi vi so nh phan co dau.
Vi so nh phan khong dau 8 bit th vung d lieu co gia tr bat au t 0 en 255, so nh
phan 16 bit th t 0 en 65535.
Vi so nh phan co dau 8 bit th vung d lieu co gia tr t -128 en +127, so nh phan 16
bit co gia tr t -32768 en 32767.
+ C ieu khien DF:

La mot trong ba c ieu khien dung ieu khien cac lenh x ly cua vi x ly, cong dung cua
DF la dch hng cho cac thao tac chuoi, cac thao tac nay c thc hien bi hai thanh ghi ch
so SI & DI, noi dung cua hai thanh ghi nay se t ong tang len khi DF = 0 va giam xuong khi
DF =1.
3. BO NH PHAN OAN:
Vi x ly 8086 la vi x ly 16 bit nhng bo nh van to chc theo byte (8bit). Co 2 nguyen
nhan cua viec s dung to chc bo nh nh the la:
Nguyen nhan th nhat: Cho phep vi x ly truy xuat byte va truy xuat word eu c. To
chc rat quan trong vi cac thiet b IO nh may in, thiet b au cuoi, modem eu x ly d lieu
c ma hoa dang ASCII 7 bit hay 8 bit.
Nguyen nhan th hai: nhieu ma lenh cua vi x ly 8086/88 ch co o dai 1 byte, cac lenh
khac co o dai t 2 en 8 byte. Vi cach to chc theo byte se cho phep truy xuat cac byte mot
cach oc lap e x ly cac lenh co so byte ma lenh le.
Vi x ly 8086 khi truy xuat d lieu dai 16 bit th no se truy xuat ong thi byte co a ch
le va byte co a ch chan nen to chc bo nh cua vi x ly 8086 c chia lam 2 day bo nh,
mot day co a ch le va mot day co a ch chan nh hnh 3-6.
Vi cach to chc bo nh thanh 2 day ta co the xem bo nh 1024Kbyte moi o nh 1 byte
ch con 512Kword moi o nh cha 2 byte. Khi o d lieu cua moi o eu co a ch chan.
88
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Khi truy xuat d lieu 16 bit co a ch bat au la a ch chan th ch can 1 lan truy xuat th
co the lay c 16 bit d lieu, nhng khi truy xuat d lieu 16 bit co a ch le: trong o 8 bit thap
nam o nh co a ch le va 8 bit cao nam o nh co a ch chan th vi x ly cung thc hien
c nhng phai thc hien 2 lan truy xuat va se lam cham qua trnh x ly chng trnh.
Vi vi x ly 8088 th do bus d lieu ben ngoai ch co 8 bit nen ch co 1 day bo nh va ch
truy xuat byte ieu nay cho phep vi x ly ch thc hien 2 lan oc (moi lan 1 byte) cho du a
ch cua d lieu 16bit co a ch chan hay le.
Hnh 3-6. To chc bo nh cua vi x ly 8086.
Cac u iem cua bo nh phan oan:

Vi kieu to chc bo nh theo oan bao gom oan bo nh cha ma lenh, oan bo nh cha
d lieu, oan bo nh cha d lieu m rong, oan bo nh lam ngan xep e cha cac d lieu tam
thi, cac bo nh oan nay hoan toan co the oc lap vi nhau.
Vi kieu tach oc lap nay cho phep chng trnh co the x ly nhieu oan d lieu khac
nhau bang cach ch can thay oi gia tr cua thanh ghi DS e tro en vung d lieu mi.
Mot u iem ln nhat vi kieu bo nh phan oan la cac chng trnh s dung kieu nh
a ch tham chieu co the nap va chay bat ky v tr nao trong bo nh. ieu nay thc hien c
la do cac a ch logic luon trai t a ch 00000H en FFFFFH khong phu thuoc a ch cua
oan.
Mot chng trnh cha thc thi c cat tam tren a t va khi muon thc thi th c nap
vao bo nh ma khong can phai quan tam en a ch vat ly cua chng trnh trong bo nh he
thong. Cac chng trnh nh the c xem la cac chng trnh tai nh v c co ngha la
chung co the chay bat ky v tr nao trong bo nh. Cac yeu cau e co mot chng trnh tai nh
v c la khong co s dung cac tham chieu a ch vat ly va khong lam thay oi cac thanh ghi
oan cho phep.
Cac khuyet iem cua bo nh phan oan:

Phc tap phan cng: do a ch can 2 thanh ghi: 1 thanh ghi segment va 1 thanh offset.
Vi x ly
89
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Phc tap phan mem: cac chng trnh b gii han kch thc ch nam trong khoang
64Kbyte t vi x ly 80386 tr i cac oan co dung lng 4Gbyte bang toan bo dung lng bo
nh khong cho phep phan oan bo nh.
4. RESET VI X LY:
Khi m may hoac khi reset vi x ly 8086/88 bat au thc thi lenh tai a ch FFFF:0000H.
Cac thanh ghi c thiet lap cac gia tr nh bang 3-4:
Cac thanh ghi
Gia tr
Thanh ghi c
Tat ca eu b xoa
IP
0000H
CS
FFFFH
DS
0000H
SS
0000H
ES
0000H
Bang 3-4. Trang thai cua cac thanh ghi khi vi x ly b reset.
Trong cac may vi tnh, a ch logic FFFF:0000H cha ma cua lenh nhay JUMP e nhay
en lenh th nhat trong chng trnh BIOS con goi la POST Power On Self Test t kiem tra
khi bat au m may e kiem tra va khi ong phan cng.
5. TOM TAT PHAN CNG VI X LY 8086/88:
a.
Khao sat ac tnh ien :
S o chan cua vi x ly 8086 nh hnh 3-7.

Do vi x ly 8086 co bus d lieu ben ngoai 16 bit con vi x ly 8088 th bus d lieu ben
ngoai ch co 8 bit nen s o chan cua chung khac nhau nen khong the thay the chung trong
mach ien.
Cac yeu cau ve nguon ien:

Vi x ly 8086 s dung nguon +5V cho phep sai so 10%.
Dong ien tieu thu vi phien ban NMOS th vi x ly 8086 dong lam viec khoang 360mA,
vi x ly 8088 dong lam viec khoang 340mA.
Vi phien ban CMOS th dong tieu thu khoang 10mA.
Tam nhiet o lam viec vi phien ban thng mai t 0 en 70 C.
ac tnh cua cac chan:

ac tnh mc logic ngo vao DC:
ac tnh ngo vao
90
Mc logic
ien ap
Dong ien
-0.5V (max) -0.8V (max)
10A (max)
2V(min) +0.5V (max)
10A (max)
Vi x ly

ac tnh ngo ra
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
0.45V (max)
IOL = 2.5mA ( 0.45V)
2.4V(max)
IOH = -400A ( 2.4V)
High Z
0.45V Vout Vcc
ILO = 10A (max)
Bang 3-5. ac tnh ien.
Hnh 3-7. S o chan vi x ly 8086 va vi x ly 8088.
Nhng khac biet vi TTL:
Mc logic 0 cua vi x ly 8086 la 0.45V
Mc logic 0 cua TTL la 0.4V.
Mien nhieu cua TTL la 0.8V 0.4V = 0.4V
Mien nhieu cua vi x ly 8086 la 0.8V 0.45V = 0.35V nen mien nhieu b giam.
Tng thch vi cac ho logic:

Vi x ly 8086 tng thch hau het vi cac ho logic.
b.
Mo ta chan cua vi x ly 8086 :
Vi x ly 8086 co mot bus a ch 20 bit, bus d lieu 16 bit, 3 chan nguon va 17 chan con
lai dung cho cac chc nang ieu khien va nh thi. Tat ca cac chan nay c chia ra lam 3
nhom bus: bus a ch, bus d lieu va bus ieu khien.
Bus d lieu 16 ng c a hp vi 16 ng a ch thap cua bus a ch e lam giam
bt so chan cho IC. Hnh 3-7 trnh bay s o chan cua vi x ly 8086 vi 2 che o hoat ong toi
thieu (Minimum Mode) va che o hoat ong toi a (Maximum Mode). che o hoat ong toi
Vi x ly
91
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
a, vi x ly se ket noi vi bo ieu khien bus 8288 e tao cac tn hieu ieu khien va co the lam
viec trong he thong co nhieu vi x ly.
Cac nha thiet ke vi x ly thng s dung ky thuat a hp hay don kenh theo thi gian e
cho phep 1 chan co the thc hien nhieu chc nang nh 16 ng AD0 AD15. Khi truy xuat bo
nh th 16 ng AD0 AD15 c phan chia theo thi gian nh sau: trong khoang thi gian T1
chung ong vai tro la 16 ng a ch hay co chc nang tai a ch, trong khoang thi gian con
lai t T2 en T4, chung ong vai tro la 16 ng d lieu hay co chc nang tai d lieu. Khi thc
hien chc nang tai d lieu th a ch xuat ra thi gian T1 khong con na nen phai dung mach
phan kenh e tach va lu lai a ch.
Hnh 3-8 trnh bay gian o thi gian lam truy xuat bo nh cua vi x ly va giai thch hoat
ong cua tng chu ky.
Hnh 3-8. Gian o thi gian truy xuat bo nh cua vi x ly 8086.
+ chu ky T1:
92
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong chu ky nay, a ch cua bo nh hay thiet b ngoai vi a ra tren cac ng a ch.
Cac tn hieu ieu khien ALE, DT / R , M / IO cung c a ra e ho tr cac vi mach hoan tat
viec gi thong tin a ch nay.
+ chu ky T2:
Trong chu ky nay, vi x ly a ra cac tn hieu ieu khien RD hoac WR , DEN va tn hieu
d lieu tren D0 D15 neu la lenh ghi. DEN thng dung e m cac bo em cua bus d lieu
neu chung c dung trong he thong. Tai cuoi chu ky T2 th vi x ly lay mau tn hieu Ready e
x ly trong chu ky tiep theo khi no phai i khi lam viec vi bo nh hay thiet b ngoai vi co toc
o cham hay khong.
+ chu ky T3:
Trong chu ky nay vi x ly danh thi gian cho bo nh hay thiet b ngoai vi truy cap d lieu.
Neu la chu ky oc d lieu th tai cuoi T3 vi x ly se lay mau tn hieu cua bus d lieu. Neu tai
cuoi chu ky T2 ma vi x ly phat hien ra tn hieu Ready = 0 th vi x ly t xen vao T3 mot chu ky
i Twait e tao chu ky i Tw = n * T nham keo dai thi gian thc hien lenh, tao ieu kien cho
bo nh va thiet b ngoai vi toc o cham co u thi gian hoan tat cong viec oc-ghi d lieu.
+ chu ky T4:
Trong chu ky nay, cac tn hieu tren bus c a ve trang thai khong tch cc e chuan b
cho chu ky oc/ghi mi. Tn hieu WR trong khi chuyen trang thai t 0 len 1 se kch hoat
trang thai ghi vao bo nh hay thiet b ngoai vi.
Chc nang cac chan cua vi x ly 8086:

Bus d lieu AD0 AD15: 16 chan nay la bus d lieu 2 chieu trong khoang thi gian
cac chu ky t T2 en T4. Trong khoang thi gian T1, 16 chan nay co chc nang tai a ch 16 bit
cua bo nh hoac cua IO.
Bus a ch AD0 AD15 va A16/S3 A19/S6: 20 chan nay tng ng vi bus a ch
20 bit cho phep truy xuat 1048576 o nh. Cac ng a ch la cac ngo ra ch xuat hien trong
khoang thi gian T1.
Chan cho phep chot a ch ALE (Address Latch Enable): tn hieu ra chan ALE
c dung e tach a ch va d lieu cac ng AD0 AD15, tach a ch va trang thai cac
ng A16/S3 A19/S6 va tach BHE / S 7 . Hnh 3-8 co trnh bay dang song cua tn hieu xung
ALE cho cac chu ky oc va ghi bo nh. Moi chu ky oc hay ghi luon bat au bang 1 xung nhp
ALE xuat hien trong khoang thi cua chu ky T1. a ch 20 bit phai on nh khi co xung ALE
chuyen trang thai t mc 1 xuong mc 0 gan cuoi chu ky T1 xung ALE tch cc canh xuong.
Xung ALE c dung e ieu khien mach chot e chot lai a ch.
Tn hieu ieu khien bo nh/ ngoai vi M / IO (memory/IO): tn hieu ra nay co chc
nang bao cho biet vi x ly ang truy xuat bo nh th chan nay M / IO = 1 va khi vi x ly truy
xuat IO th M / IO = 0 .
Tn hieu ieu khien oc bo nh/ ngoai vi RD (Read): bnh thng chan nay mc
logic 1, khi vi x ly oc d lieu t bo nh hoac t thiet b ngoai vi IO th vi x ly se ieu khien
chan RD xuong mc logic 0 e ieu khien bo nh hoac IO xuat d lieu, sau o vi x ly cho no
Vi x ly
93
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
tr lai mc 1 e ket thuc qua trnh oc d lieu. Trong gian o thi gian ta thay chan RD xuong
mc 0 thi iem cuoi chu ky T2 va tr lai mc 1 chu ky T4 .
Tn hieu ieu khien ghi bo nh/ ngoai vi WR (Write): bnh thng chan nay mc
logic 1, khi vi x ly muon ghi d lieu vao bo nh hoac vao thiet b ngoai vi IO th vi x ly se
ieu khien chan WR xuong mc logic 0 e ieu khien bo nh hoac IO nhan d lieu, sau o vi
x ly cho no tr lai mc 1 e ket thuc qua trnh ghi d lieu. Trong gian o thi gian ta thay chan
WR xuong mc 0 thi iem cuoi chu ky T2 va tr lai mc 1 chu ky T4 .
Cac chan ieu khien RD va WR thng ket hp vi chan M / IO qua cac cong logic e
tao ra cac ng ieu khien ghi oc bo nh va ghi oc IO mot cach oc lap nh hnh 3-9.
Hnh 3-9. Tao cac tn hieu ghi oc bo nh va IO.
Tn hieu xung nhp clock: tat ca cac hoat ong trong vi x ly c ong bo vi xung
clock c a en chan CLK. Bang sau cho biet tan so hoat ong toi a la 10MHz oi vi vi
x ly 8086-1.
Vi x ly
Tan so (MHz)
Dong ien
Cong suat tieu tan (W)
ICC (max)(mA)
8086
340
1,7
8086 - 1
350
1,75
8086 - 2
10
360
1,8
8088
340
1,7
8088 2
350
1,75
P8088
250
1,25
Bang 3-6. at tnh toc o va cong suat tieu tan.
Tn hieu BHE (Bus High Enable): tn hieu nay c vi x ly xuat ra trong khoang thi
gian cua chu ky T1. Khi BHE mc thap se xac nh bus AD0 AD15 lien quan en chuyen
d lieu co the xay ra oi vi viec truy xuat bo nh hoac IO hoac truy xuat mot byte d lieu
a ch le. Tn hieu BHE va ng a ch A0 thng c dung e chon bank bo nh chan hay
le hoac cac IO chan hay le c liet ke bang sau:
94
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
BHE
A0
Trang thai
Truy xuat t d lieu 16 bit
Truy xuat byte d lieu le (D8 D15)
Truy xuat byte d lieu chan (D0 D7)
Khong tac ong
Bang 3-7. Ma hoa truy xuat bo nh cua vi x ly 8086.
Tn hieu truyen/nhan d lieu DT / R (Data Transmit/Receive): tn hieu nay dung e

ieu khien hng vao/ra cua d lieu qua cac bo em vao bus d lieu he thong cua vi x ly. Khi
tn hieu nay mc thap th vi x ly ang tien hanh oc d lieu khi o tn hieu nay se ieu
khien cac mach em m cong em d lieu t bo nh hay IO qua bo em roi a en vi x ly,
khi tn hieu nay mc cao th vi x ly ang tien hanh ghi d lieu khi o tn hieu nay se ieu
khien cac mach em m cong em - d lieu t vi x ly qua bo em roi a en bo nh hay IO.
Tn hieu cho phep ghi d lieu DEN (Data Enable): tn hieu nay cung vi tn hieu
DT / R e cho phep cac bo em 2 chieu c noi en bus d lieu cua he thong e ngan chan
viec tranh chap bus (hai mach cung ieu khien mot ng bus) bang cach cam cac bo em d
lieu cho en chu ky T2 khi o bus a ch/d lieu khong con tai a ch ma bat au tai d lieu.
Tn hieu chon che o toi thieu/toi a MN / MX (Minimum/Maximum Mode): Chc
nang cua cac chan t 24 en 32 thay oi phu thuoc vao mc logic a en chan nay. Neu
MN/ MX = 0 th vi x ly 8086 hoat ong mode toi a, ngc lai th hoat ong mode toi
thieu. Hnh 3-9 minh hoa vi x ly hoat ong mode toi thieu va hnh 3-10 minh hoa vi x ly
hoat ong mode toi a:
Hnh 3-10. Vi x ly hoat ong che o toi thieu.
Vi x ly
95
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Tn hieu reset : khi ngo vao nay co xung mc cao se reset vi x ly dan en ket thuc
hoat ong hien tai va bat au thc hien chng trnh tai a ch bat au FFFF:0000H nh a
trnh bay. Trang thai reset c tac ong khi mi bat au cap ien cho he thong hoac khi co s
co hoat ong cua he thong.
Tn hieu test : ngo vao nay c dung cung vi lenh wait: neu ngo vao test mc cao
khi gap lenh wait trong chng trnh ang x ly th vi x ly se ngng chng trnh ang thc
hien va chuyen sang che o ngh (idle mode) va khi ngo vao test tr lai mc thap th vi x ly se
tiep tuc thc hien lenh tiep theo sau lenh wait. Thng th ngo vao nay c ieu khien bi IC
toan hoc 8087.
Hnh 3-11. Vi x ly hoat ong che o toi a.
Tn hieu Ready: ngo vao nay c vi x ly lay mau canh len cua xung nhp T2: neu
tn hieu nay c phat hien ang mc cao th vi x ly se ket thuc qua trnh oc hoac ghi ung
4 chu ky xung nhp t T1 T4, neu tn hieu nay c phat hien ang mc thap th vi x ly se
them vao cac chu ky i (wait) ngay sau chu ky T3 (hay xem gian o tn hieu) cho en khi vi x
ly phat hien tn hieu ready tr lai mc cao th thc hien tiep chu ky con lai T4 va cham dt qua
trnh x ly.
Cac tn hieu ngat interrupt (INTR, NMI va INTA ): cac tn hieu ngo vao ngat INTR
va NMI la cac yeu cau ngat c tac ong bang phan cng (tn hieu ien). Tn hieu ngat NMI
tch cc khi co canh len cua tn hieu, INTR tch cc mc cao. Ngat INTR co the ieu khien cho
phep hoac khong cho phep bang phan mem, ngat NMI la ngat khong the che c nen luon
luon c phuc vu khi tac ong. Ngat NMI c dung x ly cac s kien nh hong nguon hoac
cac loi bo nh.
Khi NMI tac ong th vi x ly t ong chuyen ieu khien en a ch c lu san cac o
nh co a ch 00008 0000BH.
96
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Khi INTR tac ong th chu ky ghi nhan ngat c thc hien. Neu c phep th vi x ly se
tra li bang cach tac ong en ngo ra INTA bao cho thiet b bao ngat biet vi x ly a san sang
ap ng, thiet b yeu cau ngat se gi a ch 8 bit vao bus d lieu thap roi chuyen en a ch
c cha cac v tr (a ch 4) en (a ch 4 + 3).
Cac tn hieu HOLD va HLDA: hold la tn hieu ngo vao tac ong mc cao lam cho vi
x ly treo tat ca cac ng bus trang thai tong tr cao hay co the xem nh tat ca h mach e
cho phep vi x ly khac truy cap en bo nh hay cac thiet b ngoai vi IO. Qua trnh nay c
xem nh la truy xuat bo nh trc tiep DMA, tn hieu HLDA bao cho thiet b yeu cau vi x ly
ngng biet vi x ly a vao trang thai ngng e thiet b bat au c phep truy xuat bo nh hoac
IO. Sau khi truy xuat xong thiet b o phai lam chan Hold xuong mc 0 e vi x ly thc hien
tiep.
Nguon Vcc va mass GND: vi x ly 8086 s dung nguon +5V va co 2 chan GND.
c.
Tao xung clock va mach reset vi x ly 8086:
Nh ta a biet vi x ly cung la 1 IC so nen can phai co xung clock e ieu khien tat ca
cac he thong lam viec.
Vi x ly 8086 can xung clock co thi gian len nhanh va thi gian xuong nhanh nho hn
10ns, cac mc logic 0 va 1 nam trong khoang t -0.5V 0.6V va t 3.9V 5.0V va co he so
cong tac la 33%.
Tn hieu reset cua vi x ly phai c ong bo vi xung nhp he thong va ton tai t nhat
trong 4 chu ky trang thai T.
Do cac yeu cau nghiem ngat cua xung clock nen Intel a che tao luon mach tao xung nhp
dung chip 8284A. Ngoai chc nang thc hien cac yeu cau cua xung clock th vi mach nay con
co chc nang ong bo cac yeu cau i t cac bo nh co toc o cham.
Tat ca cac hoat ong cua vi x ly 8086 eu tuan t va ong bo vi tn hieu xung nhp cua
he thong. Trong khoang thi gian T1 cua clock th vi x ly xuat a ch cua bo nh hoac cua IO,
trong khoang thi gian T2 th vi x ly xuat cac tn hieu ieu khien e tac ong en bo nh hoac
IO, trong khoang thi gian T3 th vi x ly ch bo nh hoac IO ap ng xuat hoac nhan d lieu
va khoang thi gian T4 th vi x ly ket thuc hoat ong.
Neu khong co tn hieu xung clock e ong bo cac hoat ong th he thong se chay sai. Cac
thiet b bo nh va IO can co thi gian thiet lap va thi gian gi c cung cap bi chu ky bus c
ban gom 4 xung clock cua vi x ly.
(Thi gian thiet lap va thi gian gi cua bo nh chnh la khoang thi gian bo nh t khi
nhan a ch cho en khi giai ma tm ung o nh va thc hien qua trnh xuat hoac ghi d lieu).
Xung clock ket hp vi cac cong logic e lam ti cac bo nh DRAM khoi b mat d lieu.
Mach tao tn hieu reset nh hnh 3-12:
Vi x ly
97
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 3-12. Mach tao tn hieu reset.
Mach tao tn hieu reset cho phep reset bang 2 cach: reset khi bat au cap ien cho he
thong va reset khi nhan nut reset.
Khi cap ien th tu ien c nap ien t 0v en 5v. Vi thi hang thch hp ngo vao
RES c duy tr mc thap u thi gian can thiet e am bao reset vi x ly.
Khi ta nhan nut reset lam cho ngo vao RES c duy tr mc thap sau mot khoang thi
gian lam tu xa het ien va khi ta buong tay ra th tu c nap ien tr lai va mach reset hoat
ong giong nh khi t ong reset khi cap ien.
Thi hang RC nen chon e c thi gian tch cc reset toi thieu la 50s. Diode co trong
mach co chc nang xa ien cho tu ien tr lai nguon cung cap khi tat nguon cung cap cho he
thong.
II.
CAC PHNG PHAP NH A CH:
Cac lenh cua vi x ly co chc nang x ly d lieu va d lieu th c cat trong bo nh

hoac thiet b IO hoac trong cac thanh ghi cua vi x ly. Cach nh a ch la cung cap a ch
cua d lieu cho vi x ly biet e tien hanh lay d lieu e thc thi lenh.
Vi x ly 8086 co 9 cach nh a ch gom:
nh a ch tc thi.
nh a ch thanh ghi.
nh a ch trc tiep.
nh a ch gian tiep.
nh a ch ch so.
nh a ch co nen.
nh a ch co nen va co ch so.
nh a ch co nen va co ch so ket hp vi o di.
nh a ch kieu chuoi.
Trnh bien dch assembler se xac nh a ch nao ang c s dung trong lenh thong qua
cu phap cua vung toan hang.
98
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
1. Cach nh a ch dung thanh ghi:

Vi cach nh a ch dung thanh ghi th tac to can truy xuat thng la d lieu lu trong
thanh ghi cua vi x ly.
V du1: lenh
MOV
AX,BX
Lenh nay se thc hien viec copy d lieu lu trong thanh ghi BX (d lieu nguon source
operand) sang thanh ghi DX (d lieu ch destination operand).
Hnh 3-13a va 3-13b se minh hoa qua trnh vi x ly trc va sau khi thc hien lenh.
Noi dung cua thanh ghi AX trc khi thc hien la , noi dung thanh ghi BX bang
ABCD va sau khi thc hien th noi dung thanh ghi AX bang ABCD.
Lenh 2 byte nen sau khi thc hien xong con tro lenh IP tang len 2 e tro en lenh ke.
Hnh 3-13a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV AX, BX.
Vi x ly
99
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 3-13b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV AX, BX.
2. Cach nh a ch tc thi:
Cac lenh dung a ch tc thi xem d lieu la mot phan cua lenh. Trong cach nh a ch
tc thi th d lieu c at trong lenh.
V du2: Lenh
MOV
AL,15H
Lenh co chc nang nap d lieu 15H vao thanh ghi AL va qua trnh c thc hien nh
hnh 3-14a va 3-14b.
Cach nh a ch tc thi dung e nap 1 d lieu vao 1 thanh ghi hoac nap d lieu vao o
nh. Cac lenh nay khong the ap dung cho cac thanh ghi oan.
Cac hang so toan hang co chieu dai la 1 byte hoac 2 byte.
Trc khi thc hien lenh th noi dung thanh ghi AX la , sau khi thc hien lenh th noi
dung thanh ghi AX la 15.
Lenh 2 byte nen sau khi thc hien th noi dung thanh ghi IP tang len 2 e chuan b thc
hien lenh ke.
100
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 3-14a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV AL,15H.
Hnh 3-14b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV AL,15H.
3. Cach nh a ch trc tiep:

Cach nh a ch gian tiep khac vi cach nh a ch trc tiep la cac o nh i sau ma
lenh la a ch hieu dung effective memory address (EA) thay v d lieu. EA la a ch offset 16
bit se ket hp vi thanh ghi DS e tao ra a ch vat ly cua o nh can truy xuat d lieu.
V du 3: Lenh
MOV
CX, BETA
Lenh co chc nang copy d lieu trong o nh co a ch offset c k hieu la BETA trong
oan bo nh d lieu vao thanh ghi CX va qua trnh c thc hien nh hnh 3-15a va 3-15b.
Trong lenh nay th a ch offset bang 1234H nam sau 2 byte co ma lenh B0 va 15H. a
ch offset nay c cong them a ch cua thanh ghi DS hien hanh sau khi nhan vi 16 nh sau:
Vi x ly
101
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
PA = 02000H + 1234H = 03234H

Chnh la a ch cua o nh can truy xuat d lieu.
Hnh 3-15a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV CX,BETA.
Hnh 3-15b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV CX,BETA.
Sau khi thc hien lenh th thanh ghi IP tang len 4 n v v ma cua lenh nay bang 4 byte,
d lieu trong 2 o nh lien tiep co a ch 03234H va 03235H c copy vao thanh ghi CX theo
th t byte thap trc byte cao sau.
Ket qua thanh ghi CX = BEEDH.
4. Cac cach nh a ch gian tiep:
Cach nh a ch trc tiep th s dung rat tien li cho cac trng hp truy cap bo nh
khong thng xuyen vung d lieu truy cap ch co 1 hoac 2 byte hoac word. Trong trng hp
vung d lieu nhieu va lien tuc th cach dung a ch trc tiep la khong hieu qua v du copy d
lieu t vung nh nay sang vung nh khac vi dung lng d lieu la vai tram byte.
102
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Cach thc hien tot nhat la kieu nh a ch gian tiep dung thanh ghi, trong o a ch cua
nguon d lieu do 1 thanh ghi quan ly va a ch ch cua nguon d lieu do 1 thanh ghi khac quan
ly va d nhien la phai ket hp vi thanh ghi oan. Ngoai ra o di bu 2 co the c cong vao
thanh ghi con tro va thanh ghi ch so e di i so vi v tr c ch en. Bang sau trnh bay
nhieu ket hp co the s dung:
Cach nh a ch
a ch hieu dung
o di
Thanh ghi nen
Thanh ghi ch so
Gian tiep thanh ghi
Khong co +
Khong co +
BX hoac BP +
Khong co +
Khong co SI hoac DI
Co ch so
-128 en 127 +
Khong co +
SI hoac DI
Co nen
-128 en 127 +
BX hoac BP +
Khong co
Co nen va co ch so
Khong co +
BX hoac BP +
SI hoac DI
Co nen, co ch so vi o di
-128 en 127 +
BX hoac BP +
SI hoac DI
Bang 3-8. Tnh toan a ch hieu dung cho cac cach nh a ch gian tiep.
Tong quat th mot o di co the c cong vao thanh ghi nen va cong vi thanh ghi ch so
e tao ra a ch vat ly.
Trong lap trnh ta co the s dung cach nh a ch gian tiep di dang nh sau:
MOV AX,TABLE[SI]
Trong o SI la nhan cho trc cua vung d lieu lu trong bo nh.
a.
nh a ch gian tiep thanh ghi:
Cach nh a ch dung thanh ghi giong nh cach nh a ch trc tiep tuy nhien a ch
offset c lu trong thanh ghi.
a ch offset co the lu tr cac thanh ghi BP, BX, Di hoac SI. Cac dau ngoac vuong [ ]
dung e ch cach nh a ch gian tiep.
V du 4: Lenh
MOV
AX, [SI]
Lenh co chc nang copy d lieu trong o nh co a ch offset lu trong thanh ghi SI
trong oan bo nh d lieu vao thanh ghi AX va qua trnh c thc hien nh hnh 3-16a va 316b.
Trong lenh nay th a ch offset lu trong SI bang 1234H nam trong vi x ly. a ch
offset nay c cong them a ch cua thanh ghi DS hien hanh sau khi nhan vi 16 nh sau:
PA = 02000H + 1234H = 03234H
Vi x ly
103
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 3-16a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV AX,[SI].
Hnh 3-16b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV AX,[SI].
d lieu trong 2 o nh lien tiep co a ch 03234H va 03235H c copy vao thanh ghi AX theo
th t byte thap trc byte cao sau.
Thanh ghi DS la thanh ghi a ch oan d lieu mac nhien. Trong mot so trng hp
khong ro rang th trnh bien dch can them ch dan BYTE PTR hoac WORD PTR e ch kch
thc cua a ch d lieu bang con tro bo nh.
V du: lenh MOV [DI],10H la lenh khong ro rang va co the hieu la cat d lieu 10H vao o
nh byte hay word. e tranh hieu nham ta phai them ch dan BYTE PTR hay WORD PTR nh
sau:
104
Vi x ly
MOV
BYTE PTR [DI], 10H
MOV
WORD PTR [DI], 10H
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Cach nh a ch gian tiep thanh ghi thng dung e truy xuat bang d lieu trong bo nh.
b.
nh a ch nen (base addressing):
Trong cach nh a ch nay th a ch vat ly cua o nh cha toan hang c tnh toan
bang cach cong o di gian tiep hoac trc tiep vi noi dung cua thanh ghi BX hoac thanh ghi
BP va cong vi noi dung thanh ghi oan DS hoac SS theo th t.
V du 5: Lenh
MOV
[BX] + BETA, AL
Lenh co chc nang copy d lieu trong thanh ghi AL sang o nh co a ch offset bang gia
tr lu trong thanh ghi BX cong vi hang so BETA trong vung nh oan bo nh d lieu va qua
trnh c thc hien nh hnh 3-17a va 3-17b.
Trong lenh nay th gia tr lu trong thanh ghi BX bang 1000H nam trong vi x ly, gia tr
BETA bang 1234H nen a ch offset bang 2234H. a ch offset nay c cong them a ch
cua thanh ghi DS hien hanh sau khi nhan 16 nh sau:
PA = 02000H + 2234H = 04234H
Hnh 3-17a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV [BX] +BETA,AL.
d lieu trong o nh co a ch 04234H mang gia tr bang EDH.
o di 8 bit hay 16 bit phai xuat hien trong vung toan hang va c xem la so nh phan
co dau. Vi so nh phan 8 bit th o di phai nam trong tam t -128 +127, vi so nh phan 16
bit th o di phai nam trong tam t -32768 +32767.
Vi x ly
105
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 3-17b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV [BX] +BETA,AL.
c.
nh a ch ch so (index addressing):
Giong nh kieu nh a ch nen nhng thanh ghi s dung la thanh ghi SI hoac DI. Toan
hang co a ch la tong cua o di cua so nh phan co dau 8 bit hay 16 bit vi thanh ghi SI hoac
DI va ket hp vi thanh ghi oan DS.
V du 6: Lenh
MOV
AL, [SI] + ARRAY
Hnh 3-18a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV AL,[SI] +ARRAY.
Lenh co chc nang copy d lieu trong o nh co a ch offset bang gia tr lu trong thanh
ghi SI vi hang so ARRAY trong oan bo nh d lieu sang thanh ghi AL va qua trnh c
thc hien nh hnh 3-18a va 3-18b.
106
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong lenh nay th gia tr lu trong thanh ghi SI bang 2000H nam trong vi x ly, gia tr
ARRAY bang 1234H nen a ch offset bang 3234H. a ch offset nay c cong them a ch
cua thanh ghi DS hien hanh sau khi dch sang phai 4 bit nh sau:
PA = 02000H + 3234H = 05234H
Hnh 3-18b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV AL,[SI] +ARRAY.
d lieu trong o nh co a ch 04234H mang gia tr bang EDH c copy sang thanh ghi AL.
Cach nh a ch nen va cach nh a ch ch so con c goi la cach nh a ch tng
oi dung thanh ghi.
d.
nh a ch nen ch so vi o di :
Cac thanh ghi nen va thanh ghi ch so c cong vao e tao a ch offset. Thanh ghi nen
BX hay BP c cong vi thanh ghi ch so SI hoac DI.
V du 7: Lenh
MOV
AH, [BX][SI] + BETA
Lenh co chc nang copy d lieu trong o nh co a ch offset bang gia tr lu trong thanh
ghi BX cong vi gia tr lu trong thanh ghi BX vi hang so BETA trong oan bo nh d lieu
sang thanh ghi AH va qua trnh c thc hien nh hnh 3-19a va 3-19b.
Trong lenh nay th gia tr lu trong thanh ghi BX bang 1000H, cong vi gia tr lu trong
thanh ghi SI bang 2000H nam trong vi x ly, gia tr BETA bang 1234H nen a ch offset bang
4234H. a ch offset nay c cong them a ch cua thanh ghi DS sau khi nhan 16 nh sau:
PA = 02000H + 4234H = 06234H
Vi x ly
107
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 3-19a. Trc khi thc hien lenh MOV AX,[BX] [SI] +BETA.
Hnh 3-19b. Sau khi thc hien lenh MOV AX,[BX] [SI] +BETA.
d lieu trong o nh co a ch 04234H mang gia tr bang BEH c copy sang thanh ghi AH.
5. Cach nh a ch chuoi (string):
Chuoi la 1 day lien tuc cac byte hay cac word c cat trong bo nh va c lu tr
dang ASCII. Vi x ly 8086/88 co nhieu lenh c thiet ke rieng e x ly cac chuoi ky t.
Cac lenh nay co cach nh a ch ac biet va s dung DS:SI e quan ly a ch cua chuoi
nguon va ES:DI e quan ly a ch cua chuoi ch. Lenh MOVSB dung cach nh a ch chuoi
108
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
co chc nang chuyen d lieu nguon en v tr ch. Gia tr cua SI va DI se t ong tang len hoac
giam phu thuoc vao gia tr cua c DF trong thanh ghi trang thai.
Cac lenh vi chuoi khong c s dung bat ky cach nh a ch nao khac, cac chuoi co
the dai en 64kbyte.
V du 8: cho DS = 1000H ES = 2000H, SI = 10H, DI = 20H
Lenh:
MOVSB
;copy noi dung o nh [10010H] en [20020H]
6. Cach nh a ch cong (port addressing mode):

Vi x ly 8086/88 co vung nh va vung IO oc lap vi nhau, vi x ly 8086/88 co the giao
tiep len en 65536 IO. Cac cong IO co the c truy xuat vi a ch trc tiep dang byte th
ch truy xuat c 256 cong IO:
V du 9:
Lenh:
IN AL,40H
;copy noi dung cong IO co a ch 40H vao AL
OUT 40H,AL
;copy noi dung cua AL sang cong IO co a ch 40H
Cong IO co the truy cap bang thanh ghi khi o co the truy cap en 65536 cong IO:
V du 10:
Lenh:
IN AL,DX
;copy noi dung cong IO co a ch lu trong DX vao AL
OUT DX,AL
;copy noi dung cua AL sang cong IO co a ch trong DX
7. Cach nh a ch ngan xep:

Cach nay s dung cho cac lenh goi chng trnh con va lenh ket thuc chng trnh con
CALL/RET va lenh PUSH /POP. Ngan xep cua vi x ly 8086/88 c to chc theo cau truc vao
sau ra trc LIFO.
V du 11:
Lenh:
PUSH AX
;cat noi dung AX vao ngan xep tai [SS:SP-1] va [SS:SP-2]
Gia s cho AX = 1234H th no cat vao ngan xep c minh hoa nh hnh 3-20:
Trc khi PUSH
Sau khi PUSH
Hnh 3-20. Hoat ong cua ngan xep vi lenh PUSH.
oi vi lenh goi chng trnh con CALL th a ch cua lenh quay ve trong thanh ghi IP
c t ong cat vao ngan xep. Khi ket thuc chng trnh con bang lenh RET th a ch a cat
trong ngan xep c tra lai cho thanh ghi IP. Neu la lenh goi xa (far call) th 2 word c cat
Vi x ly
109
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
vao ngan xep (offset c cat trc ) va khi lay lai cung lay 2 word va ma ket thuc lenh bang
lenh RET khac.
Chu y: lenh PUSH va POP luon lam viec vi toan hang la word.
8. Cac qui tac ket hp cac thanh ghi oan va offset:
Vi x ly co cac qui tac ket hp thanh ghi oan va thanh ghi offset c s dung cho 1 so
cach nh a ch nhat nh. Tuy nhien ta co the viet chong len bang cach s dung tiep au ng
viet chong oan, v du MOV CL,DS:[BP]
Thanh ghi Offset
Thanh ghi oan mac nhien
Tiep au ng viet chong
IP
CS
Khong co
SP
SS
Khong co
BP
SS
DS, ES hoac CS
SI, DI
DS
ES, SS hoac CS
DI cho cac lenh chuoi k t
ES
ES, SS hoac CS
Bang 3-9. Qui tat ket hp cac thanh ghi oan va thanh ghi offset.
V du12:
Lenh:
MOV AX,[DI]
MOV AX,ES:[DI]
III.
;AX DS: [DI]

;AX ES: [DI]
TAP LENH:
1.
Ma lenh vi x ly 8086/88:
Vi x ly 8086/88 co tap lenh khoang 300 lenh, moi lenh co the dai 1 byte en 6 byte.
Hnh 3-21 la dang ma lenh cua vi x ly 8086/88:
Hnh 3-21. Dang ma lenh.
Giai thch ma lenh:

110
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Vung thanh ghi REG (register) :

REG
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
W=1
AX
BX
CX
DX
SP
BP
SI
DI
W=0
AL
CL
DL
BL
AH
BH
DH
BH
Bang 3-10. Bang liet ke gia tr cua REG.
Vung MOD :
MOD
00
01
10
11
Chc nang
Toan hang la bo nh trc tiep neu R/M =110, ngc lai toan hang trc tiep.
Toan hang gian tiep, o di 8 bit
Toan hang gian tiep, o di 16 bit
Hai thanh ghi c s dung, vung R/M la vung REG
Bang 3-11. Bang liet ke gia tr cua MOD.
Vung R/M (register/memory) :
Neu vung MOD = 11 th vung R/M la thanh ghi nguon dung cac ma cua vung REG, ngc
lai th:
R/M
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Kieu
DS:[BX+SI+d]
DS:[BX+DI+d]
SS:[BP+SI+d]
SS:[BP+DI+d]
DS:[SI+d]
DS:[DI+d]
DS:[BP+d]
DS:[BX+d]
Bang 3-12. Bang liet ke gia tr cua R/M.
2.
Tong quan ve tap lenh vi x ly 8086/88:
Trong phan nay chung ta se khao sat cac lenh cua vi x ly va s dung cac toan hang hay
ch dan assembler da tren trnh bien dch hp ng cua Microsoft (MASM 6.0).
Vi x ly 8086 co 90 lenh c ban (khong ke cac lenh bien oi ve cach nh a ch), c
chia lam 6 nhom lenh nh sau: nhom lenh chuyen d lieu, nhom lenh so hoc, nhom lenh x ly
chuoi, nhom lenh chuyen quyen ieu khien va nhom lenh ieu khien vi x ly.
Nhom lenh chuyen d lieu: gom co 14 lenh nh sau:

MOV, PUSH, POP, XCHG, IN, OUT, XLAT, LEA,
LDS, LES, LAHF, SAHF, PUSHF, POPF.
Nhom lenh so hoc: gom co 20 lenh nh sau:
ADD, ADC, INC AAA, BAA, SUB, SSB, DEC, NEG, CMP,
Vi x ly
111
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
AAS, DAS, MUL, IMUL, AAM, DIV, IDIV, AAD, CBW, CWD.
Nhom lenh LOGIC: gom co 12 lenh nh sau:
NOT, SHL, SAL, SHR, SAR, ROL, ROR, RCL, RCR, AND, TEST, OR, XOR.
Nhom lenh x ly chuoi: gom co 6 lenh nh sau:
REP, MOVS, XMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS.
Nhom lenh chuyen ieu khien: gom co 26 lenh nh sau:
CALL, JMP, RET, JE/JZ, JL/JNGE, JLE/JNG, JB/JNAE,
JBE/JNA, JP/JPE, JO, JS, JNE/JNZ, JNL/JGE, JNLE/JG,JNB/JAE,
JNBE/JA, JNP/JPO, JNO, JNS, LOOP, LOOPZ/LOOPE, CJXZ, INT, INTO, IRETR.
Nhom lenh ieu khien VI X LY : gom co 12 lenh nh sau:
CLR, CMC, STC, CLD, STD, CLI, STI, HLT, WAIT, ESC, LOCK, NOP.
Ma lenh bao gom nhng thong tin nh ma lenh, a ch, d lieu.
So lng chu ky xung clock can e thc hien lenh phu thuoc vao cach nh a ch. Vi he
thong 8086/88 th qua trnh tnh toan a ch that (20bit) can nhieu xung clock vi nhng vi x
ly t 80286 tr ve sau th khong con tnh toan a ch nen khong phai mat nhieu chu ky xung
clock e tnh a ch.
V du 13: Mot so lenh va so chu ky thc hien:
Cach nh a ch
Gian tiep thanh ghi
Trc tiep
Ch so nen
Ch so nen (co o di)
Tiep au ng viet
chong oan
Lenh minh hoa

MOV CL,[DI]
MOV CL,DATA
MOV BL,[BP+DI]
MOV CX,[BP+DI+DATA]
MOV AL,ES:DATA
So chu ky
5
3
7
11
EA+2
Bang 3-13. Bang liet ke chu ky thc hien cua cac lenh.
Tom tat tap lenh cua vi x ly 8086/88:
112
Vi x ly
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
113
114
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Vi x ly
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
115
3.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Khao sat tap lenh vi x ly 8086/88:
Sau khi a khao sat lenh tom tat a trnh bay tren th viec tnh toan ra ma lenh do trnh
bien dch assembler thc hien, ngi lap trnh ch can biet co bao nhieu lenh va chc nang x ly
d lieu cua tng lenh e viet trnh.
Do co rat nhieu lenh va moi lenh eu co v du minh hoa nen phan nay c trnh bay
phan phu luc.
IV.
116
CAU HOI VA BAI TAP:
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Cau 1: Ngi lap trnh vi x ly 8086/88 bang ngon ng Assembly can biet nhng thanh ghi
nao ben trong cua vi x ly.
Cau 2: Co bao nhieu thanh ghi ben trong cua vi x ly 8086/88.
Cau 3: a ch cao nhat cua vi x ly 8086 co gia tr bang bao nhieu? Thap nhat bang bao
nhieu?
Cau 4: a ch cao nhat cua vi x ly 8088 co gia tr bang bao nhieu? Thap nhat bang bao
nhieu?
Cau 5: To chc bo nh cua vi x ly 8086 theo bit, byte, word hay double word.
Cau 6: To chc bo nh cua vi x ly 8088 theo bit, byte, word hay double word.
Cau 7: Cac noi dung cua cac o nh co a ch B0000H la FFH va B0001H la 00H vay th
noi dung cua word co a ch chan la B0000H la bao nhieu?
Cau 8: Hay trnh bay cach lu tr d lieu double word 12345678H trong o nh co a ch
bat au A001H nh the nao?
Cau 9: Cac thanh ghi nao ben trong vi x ly lam thanh ghi oan bo nh.
Cau 10: Thanh phan nao trong khong gian a ch bo nh cua vi x ly 8086 c dung e
lu tr lenh cua chng trnh.
Cau 11: Cai g se c lu tai a ch FFFF0H ?
Cau 12: Chc nang cua thanh ghi con tro lenh IP ?
Cau 13: Sau khi thc hien lenh th thanh ghi IP thay oi nh the nao ?
Cau 14: Hay liet ke cac thanh ghi a nang cua vi x ly 8086/88 ?
Cau 15: Hay cho biet vai tro chc nang lu tr cua cac thanh ghi d lieu a nang ?
Cau 16: Hay cho biet loai d lieu nao c lu tr trong thanh ghi con tro (pointer) va
thanh ghi ch so (index) ?
Cau 17: Hay cho biet ten cua 2 thanh ghi con tro?
Cau 18: Hay cho biet thanh ghi con tro ket hp vi thanh ghi oan nao ?
Cau 19: Hay cho biet thanh ghi ch so ket hp vi thanh ghi oan nao ?
Cau 20: Hay cho s khac nhau cua thanh ghi con tro va thanh ghi ch so ?
Cau 21: Hay liet ke cac bit trong thanh ghi trang thai va cho biet chc nang cua chung ?
Cau 22: Hay cho biet bit nao trong thanh ghi trang thai ch hng a ch tang hoac giam?
Cau 23: Hay cho biet hai thanh phan nao ket hp lai tao thanh a ch that (PA) ?
Cau 24: Neu gia tr hien tai cua thanh ghi CS va thanh ghi IP bang 0200H va 01ACH theo
th t th a ch that cua lenh ke bang bao nhieu ?
Cau 25: Neu oan d lieu c nh v tai a ch A0000H en AFFFFH th gia tr phai nap
vao thanh ghi DS bang bao nhieu ?
Vi x ly
117
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Cau 26: T ket qua tren neu muon o nh co a ch A1234H lu d lieu th gia tr can
phai nap vao thanh ghi DI la bao nhieu ?
Cau 27: Hay cho biet chc nang cua ngan xep ?
Cau 28: Neu gia tr hien tai cua SS va SP la 0C00H va FF00H theo th t th a ch nh
cua ngan xep bang bao nhieu ?
Cau 29: Hay trnh bay qua trnh thc hien lu gia tr trong thanh ghi AX = EE11H vao ngan
xep neu gia tr hien tai cua SS va SP la 0C00H va FF00H ?
Cau 30: oi vi vi x ly 8086 th vung nh va vung IO la chung hay oc lap ?
Cau 31: Hay cho biet vung IO ln nhat la bao nhieu ?
Cau 32: Hay phan biet cac lenh tren thuoc kieu nh a ch nao:
(a)
MOV AL,BL
(b)
MOV AX,OFFH
(c)
MOV [DI],AX
(d)
MOV DI,[SI]
(e)
MOV [BX] +XYZ,CX
(f)
MOV [DI] + XZY,AH
(g)
MOV [BX][DI]+XYZ,AL
Cau 33: Neu cho cac gia tr cua cac thanh ghi: CS = 0A00H, DS = 0B00H, SI = 0100H, DI
= 0200H, BX = 0300H va XYZ = 0400H. Hay tnh:
(a) a ch cua d lieu en trong lenh (c) cua bai 32.
(b) a ch cua d lieu nguon trong lenh (d) cua bai 32.
(c) a ch cua d lieu en trong lenh (e) cua bai 32.
(d) a ch cua d lieu en trong lenh (f) cua bai 32.
(e) a ch cua d lieu en trong lenh (g) cua bai 32.
return
118
Vi x ly
Chng 4
GII THIEU VI IEU KHIEN MCS51

KHAO SAT PHAN CNG VI IEU KHIEN MCS51
1.
2.
3.
S O CAU TRUC BEN TRONG VI IEU KHIEN MCS51

KHAO SAT S O CHAN 89C51
S O MACH KET NOI MOT SO NG DUNG N GIAN DUNG BO NH NOI
CAU TRUC BO NH CUA VI IEU KHIEN
1.
2.
TO CHC BO NH
CAC THANH GHI CO CHC NANG AC BIET
KHAO SAT TAP LENH CUA VI IEU KHIEN
1.
2.
3.
4.
GII THIEU
CAC KIEU NH A CH
KHAO SAT TAP LENH VI IEU KHIEN
a.
Nhom lenh di chuyen d lieu
b.
Nhom lenh so hoc
c.
Nhom lenh logic
d.
Nhom lenh chuyen quyen ieu khien
e.
Nhom lenh x ly bit
KHAO SAT TAP LENH VI IEU KHIEN
KHAO SAT HOAT ONG TIMER/COUNTER CUA VI IEU KHIEN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
GII THIEU
THANH GHI CHON KIEU LAM VIEC CHO TIMER MODE REGISTER
THANH GHI IEU KHIEN TIMER CONTROL REGISTER
CAC KIEU HOAT ONG CUA TIMER VA C TRAN
CAC NGUON XUNG EM
IEU KHIEN CAC TIMER HOAT ONG
KHI TAO VA TRUY XUAT CAC CUA TIMER/COUNTER
KHAO SAT TIMER T2 CUA HO VI IEU KHIEN MCS52
HOAT ONG TRUYEN D LIEU CUA VI IEU KHIEN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
GII THIEU
THANH GHI IEU KHIEN TRUYEN D LIEU NOI TIEP
CAC KIEU TRUYEN D LIEU NOI TIEP
a.
Truyen d lieu kieu th 0 thanh ghi dch 8 bit
b.
Truyen d lieu kieu 1 thu phat bat ong bo 8 bit, toc o thay oi
Truyen d lieu kieu 2 thu phat bat ong bo 9 bit, toc o co nh
c.
d.
Truyen d lieu kieu 3 thu phat bat ong bo 9 bit, toc o thay oi
KHI TAO VA TRUY XUAT CAC THANH GHI TRUYEN D LIEU NOI TIEP
TRUYEN D LIEU NOI TIEP TRONG HE THONG NHIEU VI IEU KHIEN
THIET LAP TOC O TRUYEN D LIEU NOI TIEP
Chng 4: Vi ieu khien 8 bit 8051
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
HOAT ONG NGAT CUA VI IEU KHIEN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
GII THIEU
TO CHC NGAT
CHO PHEP NGAT VA CAM NGAT
IEU KHIEN U TIEN NGAT
KIEM TRA NGAT THEO VONG QUET LIEN TUC
X LY NGAT
BAI TAP
LIET KE CAC HNH

Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
4-1. Cau truc ben trong cua vi ieu khien.

4-2. S o chan cua 89C51
4-3. Ket noi vi ieu khien vi IC chot, bo nh EPROM ngoai, mach reset, tu thach anh.
4-4. Mach ong ho so dung led 7 oan.
4-5. Mach nh thi ieu khien 1 relay va hien th thi gian tren 2 led.
4-6. Mach ong ho so hien th dung LCD.
4-7. Mach ong ho so hien th dung LCD co them bao chuong gi hoc.
4-8. Bang tom tat cac vung nh 89C51.
4-9: Cau truc bo nh RAM ben trong vi ieu khien.
4-10. Minh hoa cach gan bank thanh ghi cho nhom thanh ghi R.
4-11. Timer 1 hoat ong mode 0.
4-14. Cac nguon xung a en timer / counter.
4-15. o o rong xung t ben ngoai.
4-16. S o chan cua 89C52 vi ngo vao T2 la P1.0 va T2EX la P1.1 .
4-17. Hoat ong cua timer T2 che o t ong nap lai.
4-18. Hoat ong cua timer T2 che o Thu nhan d lieu.
4-19. S o khoi cua truyen d lieu noi tiep.
4-20. Gian o thi gian.
4-21. Gian o thi gian truyen d lieu mod 0.
4-22. Mot ng dung kieu 0 e tang them ngo ra bang thanh ghi dch.
4-23. Cung cap xung cho truyen d lieu noi tiep.
4-24. C bao phat xong d lieu TI.
4-25. Ket noi nhieu vi x ly.
4-26. Thiet lap toc o Baud.
4-27. Vi ieu khien thc hien chng trnh chnh trong 2 trng hp khong va co ngat.
4-28. Vi ieu khien 89C52 co 6 nguon ngat.
4-29. Cau truc ngat cua vi ieu khien.
LIET KE CAC BANG

Bang 4-1. Chc nang cac chan cua port 3.
Bang 4-2. Cac thanh ghi sau khi vi ieu khien b reset.
Bang 4-3. Cac bit trong thanh ghi trang thai.
120
Vi x ly

Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
4-4. Cac bit la chon bank thanh ghi.

4-5. Tom tat tap lenh vi ieu khien MCS51.
4-6. Cac thanh ghi timer vi ieu khien MCS51.
4-7. Cac bit trong thanh ghi TMOD.
4-8. Cac bit chon mode trong thanh ghi TMOD.
4-9. Cac bit trong thanh ghi TCON.
4-10. Cac bit trong thanh ghi T2CON.
4-11. Cac bit trong thanh ghi ieu khien truyen d lieu.
4-12. Cac kieu truyen d lieu.
4-13. Tom tat toc o baud.
4-14. Tom tat chc nang cac bit cua thanh ghi IE.
4-15. Tom tat chc nang cac bit cua thanh ghi IP.
4-16. Tom tat cac bit c cua cac nguon ngat.
4-17. Tom tat vector a ch ngat.
Vi x ly
121
I.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
GII THIEU VI IEU KHIEN 8051:
cac chng au a gii thieu ve cau truc ben trong va chc nang cua cac khoi ben trong
cung nh trnh t hoat ong x ly d lieu cua vi x ly.
Vi x ly co rat nhieu loai bat au t 4 bit cho en 32 bit, vi x ly 4 bit hien nay khong con
nhng vi x ly 8 bit van con mac du a co vi x ly 32 bit.
Ly do s ton tai cua vi x ly 8 bit la phu hp vi 1 so yeu cau ieu khien cua cac thiet b
ieu khien trong cong nghiep. Cac vi x ly 32 bit thng s dung cho cac may tnh v khoi lng
d lieu cua may tnh rat ln nen can cac vi x ly cang manh cang tot.
Cac he thong ieu khien trong cong nghiep s dung cac vi x ly 8 bit e ieu khien nh he
thong ien cua xe hi, he thong ieu hoa, he thong ieu khien cac day chuyen san xuat,
Khi s dung vi x ly can phai thiet ke mot he thong gom co:
-
Vi x ly.
Co bo nh.
Cac IC ngoai vi.
Bo nh dung e cha chng trnh cho vi x ly thc hien va cha d lieu x ly, cac IC ngoai
vi dung e xuat nhap d lieu t ben ngoai vao x ly va ieu khien tr lai. Cac khoi nay lien ket
vi nhau tao thanh mot he thong vi x ly.
Yeu cau ieu khien cang cao th he thong cang phc tap va neu yeu cau ieu khien co n
gian v du ch can ong m 1 en led theo mot thi gian yeu cau nao o th he thong vi x ly cung
phai co ay u cac khoi tren.
e ket noi cac khoi tren tao thanh mot he thong vi x ly oi hoi ngi thiet ke phai rat hieu
biet ve tat ca cac thanh phan vi x ly, bo nh, cac thiet b ngoai vi. He thong tao ra kha phc tap,
chiem nhieu khong gian, mach in, va van e chnh la oi hoi ngi thiet ke, ngi s dung hieu
that ro ve he thong. Mot ly do chnh na la vi x ly thng x ly d lieu theo byte hoac word trong
khi o cac oi tng ieu khien trong cong nghiep thng ieu khien theo bit.
Chnh v s phc tap nen cac nha che tao a tch hp mot t bo nh va mot so cac thiet b
ngoai vi cung vi vi x ly tao thanh mot IC goi la vi ieu khien Microcontroller.
Khi vi ieu khien ra i a mang lai s tien li la de dang s dung trong ieu khien cong
nghiep, viec s dung vi ieu khien khong oi hoi ngi s dung phai hieu biet mot lng kien thc
qua nhieu nh ngi s dung vi x ly d nhien ngi s dung hieu biet cang nhieu th cang tot
nhng oi vi ngi bat au th viec s dung vi x ly la ieu rat phc tap trong khi o mong muon
la s dung c ngay.
Cac phan tiep theo chung ta se khao sat vi ieu khien e thay ro s tien li trong van e
ieu khien trong cong nghiep.
Co rat nhieu hang che tao c vi ieu khien, hang san xuat noi tieng la ATMEL. Hang
Intel la nha thiet ke. Co the truy xuat e lay tai lieu cua hang bang a ch
http://www.atmel.com/
Co nhieu ho vi ieu khien mang cac ma so khac nhau, mot trong ho noi tieng la ho MCS-51.
122
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong ho MCS-51 th vi ieu khien au tien la 80C31 khong co bo nh ben trong la do

cha tch hp c.
Vi ieu khien 80C51 tch hp c 4 kbyte bo nh Prom. Ch lap trnh 1 lan khong the
xoa e lap trnh lai c.
Vi ieu khien 87C51 tch hp c 4 kbyte bo nh EPROM. Cho phep lap trnh nhieu lan
va xoa bang tia cc tm.
Vi ieu khien 89C51 tch hp c 4 kbyte bo nh flash rom nap va xoa bang ien mot
cach tien li va nhanh chong. Co the cho phep nap xoa hang ngan lan.
Song song vi ho MCS-51 la ho MCS-52 co 3 timer nhieu hn ho MCS-51 mot timer va dung
lng bo nh noi ln gap oi tc la 8kbyte.
Hien nay co rat nhieu vi ieu khien the he mi co nhieu ac tnh hay hn, nhieu thanh ghi
hn, dung lng bo nh ln hn.
ng dung cua vi ieu khien rat nhieu trong cac he thong ieu khien cong nghiep, cac day
chuyen san xuat, cac bo ieu khien lap trnh, may giat, may ieu hoa nhiet o, may bm xang t
ong co the noi vi x ly va vi ieu khien c ng dung trong hau het moi lnh vc t ong.
II.
KHAO SAT PHAN CNG VI IEU KHIEN HO MCS-51:
en thi iem hien nay co rat nhieu loai Vi ieu khien thuoc ho MCS-51, trong tai lieu se
gii thieu ve vi ieu khien 89C51 hoac 89C52. Cac vi ieu khien the he sau se c e cap phan
sau.
Cac vi ieu khien ho MCS-51 co cac ac iem chung nh sau:
Co 4 Kbyte bo nh FLASH ROM ben trong dung e lu chng trnh ieu khien.
Co 128 Byte RAM noi.
4 Port xuat/nhap (Input/Output) 8 bit.
Co kha nang giao tiep truyen d lieu noi tiep.
Co the giao tiep vi 64 Kbyte bo nh ben ngoai dung e lu chng trnh ieu khien.
Co the giao tiep vi 64 Kbyte bo nh ben ngoai dung e lu d lieu.
Co 210 bit co the truy xuat tng bit. Co cac lenh x ly bit.
Tat ca cac vi ieu khien cung ho MCS-51 hoac MCS-52 eu co cac ac tnh c ban giong
nhau nh phan mem, con phan cng th khac nhau, cac vi ieu khien sau nay se co nhieu tnh nang
hay hn cac vi ieu khien the he trc. V du vi ieu khien 89C51 se tien cho viec s dung hn vi
ieu khien 80C51 hay 87C51. Vi ieu khien 89S51 se hay hn 89C51 v co nhieu thanh ghi hn, co
them che o nap noi tiep rat tien li. Nhng the he i sau se ke tha tat ca nhng g cua the he i
trc. Trong phan nay ch e cap en vi ieu khien 89C51/89C52.
1.
S O CAU TRUC BEN TRONG CUA VI IEU KHIEN:
S o cau truc cua vi ieu khien c trnh bay hnh 4-1. Cac thanh ghi co trong vi ieu
khien bao gom:
Vi x ly
Khoi ALU i kem vi cac thanh ghi temp1, temp2 va thanh ghi trang thai PSW.
123
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bo ieu khien logic (timing and control).
Vung nh RAM noi va vung nh Flash Rom lu tr chng trnh.
Mach tao dao ong noi ket hp vi tu thach anh ben ngoai e tao dao ong.
Khoi x ly ngat, truyen d lieu, khoi timer/counter.
Thanh ghi A, B, dptr va 4 port0, port1, port2, port3 co chot va em.
Thanh ghi bo em chng trnh PC (program counter).
Con tro d lieu dptr (data pointer).
Thanh ghi con tro ngan xep SP (stack pointer).
Thanh ghi lenh IR (instruction register).
Ngoai ra con co 1 so cac thanh ghi ho tr e quan ly a ch bo nh ram noi ben trong
cung nh cac thanh ghi quan ly a ch truy xuat bo nh ben ngoai.
Hnh 4-1. Cau truc ben trong cua vi ieu khien.
Cac khoi ben trong cua vi ieu khien co cac thanh phan giong nh a trnh bay phan
chng 2 nh khoi ALU, thanh ghi temp1, thanh ghi temp2, thanh ghi bo em chng trnh PC,
124
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
thanh con tro ngan xep, thanh ghi trang thai PSW, thanh ghi lenh IR, khoi giai ma lenh, khoi ieu
khien logic.
Tap lenh cho ngi lap trnh la ket qua cua s lien ket cac khoi ben trong cua vi ieu khien
nhng g tap lenh cung cap la eu do phan cng xay dng nen.
2. KHAO SAT S O CHAN 89C51:
S o chan cua vi ieu khien 89C51 c trnh bay hnh 4-2.
Vi ieu khien 89C51 co tat ca 40 chan. Trong o co 24 chan co tac dung kep (co ngha la 1
chan co 2 chc nang), moi ng co the hoat ong nh ng xuat nhap ieu khien IO [input
output] hoac la thanh phan cua cac bus d lieu va bus a ch e tai a ch va d lieu khi giao tiep
vi bo nh ngoai.
Hnh 4-2. S o chan cua 89C51
Chc nang cac chan cua 89C51:

a. Cac Port:
Port 0:
Port 0 la port co 2 chc nang vi so th t chan 3239.
Trong cac he thong ieu khien n gian s dung bo nh ben trong khong dung bo nh m
rong ben ngoai th port 0 c dung lam cac ng ieu khien IO (Input- Output).
Trong cac he thong ieu khien ln s dung bo nh m rong ben ngoai th port 0 co chc
nang la bus a ch va bus d lieu AD7 AD0. (Address: a ch, data: d lieu)
Port 1:
Port 1 vi so th t chan 18. Port1 ch co 1 chc nang dung lam cac ng ieu khien
xuat nhap IO, port 1 khong co chc nang khac.
Port 2:
Vi x ly
125
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong cac he thong ieu khien n gian s dung bo nh ben trong khong dung bo nh m
rong ben ngoai th port 2 c dung lam cac ng ieu khien IO (Input- Output).
Trong cac he thong ieu khien ln s dung bo nh m rong ben ngoai th port 2 co chc
nang la bus a ch cao A8A15.
Port 3:
Cac chan cua port nay co nhieu chc nang, cac cong dung chuyen oi co lien he vi cac
ac tnh ac biet cua 89C51 nh bang 4-1:
Bit
Ten
Chc nang chuyen oi
P3.0
RD
Ngo vao nhan d lieu noi tiep.
P3.1
TD
Ngo xuat d lieu noi tiep.
P3.2
INT 0
Ngo vao ngat cng th 0.
P3.3
INT 1
Ngo vao ngat cng th 1.
P3.4
T0
Ngo vao nhan xung em cua timer/counter th 0.
P3.5
T1
Ngo vao nhan xung em cua timer/counter th 1.
P3.6
WR
Tn hieu ieu khien ghi d lieu len bo nh ngoai.
P3.7
RD
Tn hieu ieu khien oc d lieu t bo nh ngoai.

Bang 4-1. Chc nang cac chan cua port 3.
b. Cac tn hieu ieu khien:

Tn hieu PSEN (Program Store Enable):
PSEN la tn hieu ngo ra chan 29 co tac dung cho phep oc bo nh chng trnh m rong
thng noi en chan OE ( output enable hoac RD ) cua EPROM cho phep oc cac byte ma lenh.
Khi co giao tiep vi bo nh chng trnh ben ngoai th mi dung en PSEN , neu khong
co giao tiep th chan PSEN bo trong.
PSEN mc thap trong thi gian vi ieu khien 89C51 lay lenh. Cac ma lenh cua chng
trnh oc t EPROM qua bus d lieu va c chot vao thanh ghi lenh ben trong 89C51 e giai ma
lenh. Khi 89C51 thi hanh chng trnh trong EPROM noi th PSEN mc logic 1.
Tn hieu ieu khien ALE (Address Latch Enable) :

Khi vi ieu khien 89C51 truy xuat bo nh ben ngoai, port 0 co chc nang la bus tai a ch
va bus d lieu [AD7 AD0] do o phai tach cac ng d lieu va a ch. Tn hieu ra ALE chan
th 30 dung lam tn hieu ieu khien e giai a hp cac ng a ch va d lieu khi ket noi chung
vi IC chot. Xem hnh 4-3.
Tn hieu ra chan ALE la mot xung trong khoang thi gian port 0 ong vai tro la a ch thap
nen viec chot a ch c thc hien 1 cach hoan toan t ong.
Cac xung tn hieu ALE co tan so bang 1/6 tan so dao ong thach anh gan vao vi ieu khien
va co the dung tn hieu xung ngo ra ALE lam xung clock cung cap cho cac phan khac cua he
thong.
126
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong che o lap trnh cho bo nh noi cua vi ieu khien th chan ALE c dung lam ngo
vao nhan xung lap trnh t ben ngoai e lap trnh cho bo nh Flash Rom trong 89C51.
hnh 4-3 ch la minh hoa ket noi vi ieu khien 89C52 vi bo nh EPROM ngoai e thay
vai tro cua tn hieu ALE, cac ng con lai cua vi ieu khien co the dung e ket noi ieu khien
cac oi tng khac.
Hnh 4-3. Ket noi vi ieu khien vi IC chot, bo nh EPROM ngoai, mach reset, tu thach anh.
Tn hieu EA (External Access):

Tn hieu vao EA chan 31 thng noi len mc 1 hoac mc 0.
Neu noi EA len mc logic 1 (+5v) th vi ieu khien se thi hanh chng trnh t bo nh noi.
Neu noi EA vi mc logic 0 (0V) th vi ieu khien se thi hanh chng trnh t bo nh ngoai.
Tn hieu RST (Reset):
Ngo vao RST chan 9 la ngo vao Reset cua 89C51. S o ket noi mach reset nh hnh 4-3.
Khi cap ien cho he thong hoac khi nhan nut reset th mach se reset vi ieu khien. Khi reset th tn
hieu reset phai mc cao t nhat la 2 chu ky may, khi o cac thanh ghi ben trong c nap nhng
gia tr thch hp e khi ong he thong.
Trang thai cua tat ca cac thanh ghi sau khi reset he thong c tom tat nh bang 4-2.
Vi x ly
127
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Thanh ghi quan trong nhat la thanh ghi bo em chng trnh PC = 0000H. Sau khi reset, vi
ieu khien luon bat au thc hien chng trnh tai a ch 0000H cua bo nh chng trnh nen cac
chng trnh viet cho vi ieu khien luon bat au viet tai a ch 0000H.
Noi dung cua RAM trong vi ieu khien khong b thay oi bi tac ong cua ngo vao reset [co
ngha la vi ieu khien ang s dung cac thanh ghi e lu tr d lieu nhng neu vi ieu khien b
reset th d lieu trong cac thanh ghi van khong oi].
Thanh ghi
Noi dung
Bo em chng trnh PC
Thanh ghi tch luy A
Thanh ghi B
Thanh ghi trang thai PSW
Thanh ghi con tro SP
DPTR
Port 0 en port 3
IP
IE
Cac thanh ghi nh thi
SCON SBUF
PCON (HMOS)
PCON (CMOS)
0000H
00H
00H
00H
07H
0000H
FFH (1111 1111)
XXX0 0000 B
0X0X 0000 B
00H
00H
00H
0XXX XXXXH
0XXX 0000 B
Bang 4-2. Cac thanh ghi sau khi vi ieu khien b reset.
Cac ngo vao bo dao ong Xtal1, Xtal2:

Bo dao ong c tch hp ben trong 89C51, khi s dung 89C51 ngi thiet ke ch can ket
noi them tu thach anh va cac tu nh trong hnh 4-3. Tan so tu thach anh thng s dung cho
89C51 la 12Mhz 24Mhz.
Chan 40 (Vcc) c noi len nguon 5V, chan 20 GND noi mass.
3. S O MACH KET NOI MOT SO NG DUNG N GIAN DUNG BO NH NOI:
a.
Mach ong ho so hien th gi phut giay tren led 7 oan:
Trong s o hnh 4-4 s dung 6 led 7 oan loai anode chung e hien th gi, phut va giay s
dung phng phap quet, 6 transistor s dung la loai pnp (trong s o dung A564) va ien tr cc B
co gia tr khoang 10k , ien tr han dong cho cac oan co gia tr 220 . e hieu hoat ong ieu
khien quet led 7 oan hay oc chng 8.
Hai ien tr mang 9 chan co gia tr la 4,7k hoac 10k , tu reset co gia tr 10F, ien tr
reset co gia tr 10k , thach anh co gia tr thng la 12MHz.
3 nut nhan S1, S2 va S3 dung e chnh cac thong so gi phut giay.
Mach nguon s dung IC on ap 5V.
e he thong hoat ong th phai co chng trnh.
128
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 4-4. Mach ong ho so dung led 7 oan.
b. Mach nh thi hien th thi gian tren 2 led 7 oan co 1 relay ieu khien:
Hnh 4-5. Mach nh thi ieu khien 1 relay va hien th thi gian tren 2 led.
Vi x ly
129
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
c. Mach ong ho so hien th gi phut giay tren LCD:
Hnh 4-6. Mach ong ho so hien th dung LCD.
d. Mach ong ho co the bao chuong tiet hoc s dung real-time:
130
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 4-7. Mach ong ho so hien th dung LCD co them bao chuong gi hoc.
III. CAU TRUC BO NH CUA VI IEU KHIEN:

1. TO CHC BO NH:
Vi ieu khien 89C51 co bo nh noi ben trong va co them kha nang giao tiep vi bo nh ben
ngoai neu bo nh ben trong khong u kha nang lu tr chng trnh.
Bo nh noi ben trong gom co 2 loai bo nh: bo nh d lieu va bo chng trnh. Bo nh d
lieu co 256 byte, bo nh chng trnh co dung lng 4kbyte. [89C52 co 8 kbyte, 89W55 co
16kbyte].
Bo nh m rong ben ngoai cung c chia ra lam 2 loai bo nh: bo nh d lieu va bo nh
chng trnh. Kha nang giao tiep la 64kbyte cho moi loai. Hnh 4-8 minh hoa kha nang giao tiep
bo nh cua vi ieu khien 89C51.
Bo nh m rong ben ngoai va bo nh chng trnh ben trong khong co g ac biet ch co
chc nang lu tr d lieu va ma chng trnh nen khong can phai khao sat.
Bo nh chng trnh ben trong cua vi ieu khien thuoc loai bo nh Flash Rom cho phep xoa
bang xung ien va lap trnh lai.
Bo nh ram noi ben trong la mot bo nh ac biet ngi s dung vi ieu khien can phai
nam ro cac to chc va cac chc nang ac biet cua bo nh nay.
S o cau truc ben trong cua bo nh nay c trnh bay nh hnh 4-9.
Vi x ly
131
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 4-8. Bang tom tat cac vung nh 89C51.
RAM ben trong 89C51 c phan chia nh sau:
Cac bank thanh ghi co a ch t 00H en 1FH.
RAM truy xuat tng bit co a ch t 20H en 2FH.
RAM a dung t 30H en 7FH.
Cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet t 80H en FFH.
Cac bank thanh ghi :

32 byte thap cua bo nh noi c danh cho 4 bank thanh ghi.
Bo lenh 89C51 ho tr them 8 thanh ghi co ten la R0 en R7 va theo mac nh sau khi reset
he thong th cac thanh ghi R0 en R7 c gan cho 8 o nh co a ch t 00H en 07H c minh
hoa bi hnh 4-10, khi o bank 0 co 2 cach truy xuat bang a ch trc tiep va bang thanh ghi R.
Cac lenh dung cac thanh ghi R0 en R7 se co so lng byte ma lenh t hn va thi gian thc
hien lenh nhanh hn so vi cac lenh co chc nang tng ng neu dung kieu a ch trc tiep.
Cac d lieu dung thng xuyen nen lu tr mot trong cac thanh ghi nay.
Do co 4 bank thanh ghi nen tai mot thi iem ch co mot bank thanh ghi c truy xuat bi
cac thanh ghi R0 en R7, e chuyen oi viec truy xuat cac bank thanh ghi ta phai thay oi cac bit
chon bank trong thanh ghi trang thai.
Ngi lap trnh dung vung nh 4 bank thanh ghi e lu tr d lieu phuc vu cho viec x
ly d lieu khi viet chng trnh.
Chc nang chnh cua 4 bank thanh ghi nay la neu trong he thong co s dung nhieu chng
trnh th chng trnh th nhat ban co the s dung het cac thanh ghi R0 en R7 cua bank0, khi
chuyen sang chng trnh th 2 e x ly mot cong viec g o va van s dung cac thanh ghi R0 en
R7 e lu tr cho viec s ly d lieu ma khong lam anh hng en cac d lieu R0 en R7 trc ay
va khong can phai thc hien cong viec cat d lieu th cach nhanh nhat la gan nhom thanh ghi R0
en R7 cho bank1 la xong. Tng t co the m them hai chng trnh na va gan cho cac bank 3
va 4.
132
Vi x ly

a ch
byte
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

a ch
byte
a ch bit
7F
a ch bit
FF
F0 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2
F1
F0
E0 E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1
E0
ACC
D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D0
PSW
B8
- BC BB BA B9
B8
IP
B0 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1
B0
P3
A8 AF
AC AB AA A9
A8
IE
A0 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1
A0
P2
99
98 9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 9A 99
98
SBUF
SCON
90 97 96 95 94 93 92
90
P1
RAM a dung
30
2F
2E
2D
2C
2B
2A
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
1F
18
17
10
0F
08
07
00
7F
77
6F
67
5F
57
4F
47
3F
37
2F
27
1F
17
0F
07
7E
76
6E
66
5E
56
4E
46
3E
36
2E
26
1E
16
0E
06
7D
75
6D
65
5D
55
4D
45
3D
35
2D
25
1D
15
0D
05
7C 7B
74 73
6C 6B
64 63
5C 5B
54 53
4C 4B
44 43
3C 3B
34 33
2C 2B
24 23
1C 1B
14 13
0C 0B
04 03
Bank 3
7A
72
6A
62
5A
52
4A
42
3A
32
2A
22
1A
12
0A
02
79
71
69
61
59
51
49
41
39
31
29
21
19
11
09
01
78
70
68
60
58
50
48
40
38
30
28
20
18
10
08
00
Bank 2
Bank 1
Bank thanh ghi 0
(mac nh cho gan cho R0 -R7)
RAM
91
8D
8C
8B
8A
89
88 8F 8E 8D 8C 8B 8A 89
87
83
82
81
80 87 86 85 84 83 82
81
TH1
TH0
TL1
TL0
TMOD
88 TCON
PCON
80
DPH
DPL
SP
P0
Cac Thanh Ghi co Chc Nang ac Biet
Hnh 4-9: Cau truc bo nh RAM ben trong vi ieu khien.
Vi x ly
133
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 4-10. Minh hoa cach gan bank thanh ghi cho nhom thanh ghi R.
RAM co the truy xuat tng bit:

Vi ieu khien 89C51 co 210 o nh bit co the truy xuat tng bit, trong o co 128 bit nam cac
o nh byte co a ch t 20H en 2FH va cac bit con lai cha trong nhom thanh ghi co chc nang
ac biet.
Cac o nh cho phep truy xuat tng bit va cac lenh x ly bit la mot the manh cua vi ieu
khien. Cac bit co the c at, xoa, AND, OR bang 1 lenh duy nhat, trong khi o e x ly cac bit
th vi x ly van co the x ly c nhng phai s dung rat nhieu lenh e at c cung mot ket qua
v vi x ly thng x ly byte.
Cac port cung co the truy xuat c tng bit.
128 o nh bit cho phep truy xuat tng bit va cung co the truy xuat byte phu thuoc vao lenh
c dung la lenh x ly bit hay lenh x ly byte. Chu y a ch cua o nh byte va bit trung nhau.
Ngi lap trnh dung vung nh nay e lu tr d lieu phuc vu cho viec x ly d lieu byte
hoac bit. Cac d lieu x ly bit nen lu vao vung nh nay.
Chu y: cac o nh nao ma chia ra lam 8 va co cac con so ben trong la cac o nh va cho truy
xuat byte va ca truy xuat bit. Nhng o nh con lai th khong the truy xuat bit. Cac so nam ben
trong tng o bit la a ch cua tng bit.
RAM a dung :
Vung nh ram a dung gom co 80 byte co a ch t 30H en 7FH vung nh nay khong co
g ac biet so vi 2 vung nh tren. Vung nh bank thanh ghi 32 byte t 00H en 1FH cung co the
dung lam vung nh ram a dung mac du cac o nh nay co chc nang nh a trnh bay.
Moi a ch trong vung RAM a dung eu co the truy xuat t do dung kieu nh a ch trc
tiep hoac gian tiep.
134
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bo nh ngan xep cua vi ieu khien dung Ram noi nen dung lng bo nh ngan xep nho,
trong khi o cac vi x ly dung bo nh ben ngoai lam bo nh ngan xep nen dung lng tuy y m
rong.
2. CAC THANH GHI CO CHC NANG AC BIET :
Cac thanh ghi noi cua 89C51 c truy xuat ngam nh bi bo lenh.
Cac thanh ghi trong 89C51 c nh dang nh mot phan cua RAM tren chip v vay moi
thanh ghi se co mot a ch (ngoai tr thanh ghi bo em chng trnh va thanh ghi lu tr ma lenh
v cac thanh ghi nay a co chc nang co nh). Cung nh cac thanh ghi R0 en R7, vi ieu khien
89C51 co 21 thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet nam vung tren cua RAM noi co a ch t 80H en
FFH.
Chu y: 128 o nh co a ch t 80H en FFH th ch co 21 thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet
c xac nh con cac o nh con lai th cha thiet lap va trong tng lai se c cac nha thiet ke
vi ieu khien thiet lap them, khi o se co cac vi ieu khien the he mi hn.
Trong phan nay ch mang tnh gii thieu cac phan tiep theo se trnh bay chi tiet hn ve cac
thanh ghi nay.
Cac o nh co a ch 80H, 90H, A0H, B0H:
La cac Port cua 89C51 bao gom Port0 co a ch 80H, Port1 co a ch 90H, Port2 co a ch
A0H va Port3 co a ch B0H. Tat ca cac Port nay eu co the truy xuat tng bit nen rat thuan tien
trong ieu khien. a ch cua cac bit c at ten vi o bat au chnh la a ch cua port tng ng
v du nh bit au tien cua port 0 la 80h cung chnh la a ch bat au cua port 0. Ngi lap trnh
khong can nh a ch cac bit trong cac port v phan mem lap trnh cho phep truy xuat bang ten
tng bit de nh nh sau: P0.0 chnh la bit co a ch 80h cua port0.
Ngoai tr thanh ghi A co the c truy xuat ngam, a so cac thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet
SFR co the a ch hoa tng bit hoac byte.
O nh co a ch 81H:
La thanh ghi con tro ngan xep SP (Stack Pointer) - co chc nang quan ly a ch cua bo nh
ngan xep. Bo nh ngan xep dung e lu tr tam thi cac d lieu trong qua trnh thc hien chng
trnh cua vi ieu khien.
Cac lenh lien quan en ngan xep bao gom cac lenh cat d lieu vao ngan xep (lenh Push) va
lay d lieu ra khoi ngan xep (lenh Pop).
Lenh cat d lieu vao ngan xep se lam tang SP trc khi ghi d lieu vao.
Sau lenh lay d lieu ra khoi ngan xep se lam giam SP.
Bo nh ngan xep cua 89C51 nam trong RAM noi va b gii han ve cach truy xuat a ch ch cho phep truy xuat a ch gian tiep. Dung lng bo nh ngan xep ln nhat la 128 byte ram noi
cua 89C51.
Khi Reset 89C51 th thanh ghi SP se mang gia tr mac nh la 07H va d lieu au tien se
c cat vao o nh ngan xep co a ch 08H.
Neu phan mem ng dung khong khi tao SP mot gia tr mi th bank 1 va co the ca bank 2,
bank 3 se khong dung c v vung nh nay a c dung lam ngan xep.
Vi x ly
135
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Ngan xep c truy xuat trc tiep bang cac lenh PUSH va POP e lu tr tam thi va lay lai
d lieu, hoac truy xuat ngam bang lenh goi chng trnh con (ACALL, LCALL) va cac lenh tr ve
(RET, RETI) e lu tr a ch cua bo em chng trnh khi bat au thc hien chng trnh con va
lay lai a ch khi ket thuc chng trnh con.
O nh co a ch 82H va 83H :
La 2 thanh ghi DPL (byte thap) co a ch la 82H va DPH (byte cao) co a ch 83H. Hai
thanh ghi nay co the s dung oc lap e lu tr d lieu va co the ket hp lai tao thanh 1 thanh ghi
16 bit co ten la DPTR va goi la con tro d lieu - c dung e lu a ch 16 bit khi truy xuat d
lieu cua bo nh d lieu ben ngoai. Cac vi ieu khien sau nay co them thanh ghi dptr1.
O nh co a ch 87H:
La thanh ghi PCON (power control) co chc nang ieu khien cong xuat khi vi ieu khien lam
viec hay che o ch. Khi vi ieu khien khong con s ly g na th ngi lap trnh co the lap trnh
cho vi ieu khien chuyen sang che o ch e giam bt cong suat tieu thu nhat la khi nguon cung
cap cho vi ieu khien la pin.
Cac o nh co a ch t 88H en 8DH :

La cac thanh ghi phuc vu cho 2 timer/counter T1, T0.
Thanh ghi TCON (timer control): thanh ghi ieu khien timer/counter.
Thanh ghi TMOD (timer mode): thanh ghi la chon mode hoat ong cho timer/counter.
Thanh ghi TH0 va TL0 ket hp lai tao thanh 1 thanh ghi 16 bit co chc nang lu tr xung
em cho timer/counter T0. Tng t cho 2 thanh ghi TH1 va TL1 ket hp lai e lu tr xung em
cho timer/counter T1. Kha nang lu tr so lng xung em c la 65536 xung.
Chc nang cua cac thanh ghi nay se c trnh bay ro phan timer counter.
Cac o nh co a ch 98H va 99H :
La 2 thanh ghi SCON va SBUF. SCON (series control): thanh ghi ieu khien truyen d lieu
noi tiep. Sbuf (series buffer ): thanh ghi em d lieu truyen noi tiep. D lieu muon truyen i th
phai lu vao thanh ghi SBUF va d lieu nhan ve noi tiep cung lu thanh ghi nay. Khi co s dung
truyen d lieu th phai s dung 2 thanh ghi nay.
Chc nang cua cac thanh ghi nay se c trnh bay ro phan truyen d lieu.
Cac o nh co a ch A8H va B8H :
La 2 thanh ghi IE va IP. Thanh ghi IE (Interrupt Enable): thanh ghi ieu khien cho phep /
khong cho phep ngat. Thanh ghi IP (Interrupt Priority): thanh ghi ieu khien u tien ngat. Khi co
s dung en ngat th phai dung en 2 thanh ghi nay. Mac nhien cac thanh ghi nay c khi tao
che o cam ngat.
Chc nang cua cac thanh ghi nay se c trnh bay ro phan ngat.
Thanh ghi trang thai chng trnh (PSW: Program Status Word):
Thanh ghi trang thai chng trnh a ch D0H c tom tat nh bang 4-3:
136
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
BIT
SYMBOL
ADDRESS
DESCRIPTION
PSW.7
D7H
Carry Flag
PSW.6
AC
D6H
Auxiliary Carry Flag
PSW.5
F0
D5H
Flag 0 con goi la c Zero k hieu la Z
PSW4
RS1
D4H
Register Bank Select 1: bit la chon bank thanh ghi.
PSW.3
RS0
D3H
Register Bank Select 0: bit la chon bank thanh ghi.

00 = Bank 0; o nh co address 00H07H gan cho R0-R7
01 = Bank 1; o nh co address 08H0FH gan cho R0-R7
10 = Bank 2; o nh co address 10H17H gan cho R0-R7
11 = Bank 3; o nh co address 18H1FH gan cho R0-R7
PSW.2
OV
D2H
Overflow Flag: c tran so nh phan co dau.
PSW.1
D1H
Reserved: cha thiet ke nen cha s dung c.
PSW.0
D0H
Even Parity Flag: c chan le.
Bang 4-3. Cac bit trong thanh ghi trang thai.
Chc nang tng bit trang thai:
C Carry C (Carry Flag):
C nh co tac dung kep. C C c s dung cho cac lenh toan hoc:

C = 1 neu phep toan cong co tran hoac phep tr co mn.
C = 0 neu phep toan cong khong tran va phep tr khong co mn.
C Carry phu AC (Auxiliary Carry Flag):
Khi cong nhng gia tr BCD (Binary Code Decimal), c nh phu AC c set [AC=1] neu
ket qua 4 bit ln hn 09H, ngc lai AC= 0. C AC c dung e chnh so BCD khi thc hien lenh
cong 2 so BCD.
C 0 (Flag 0):
C 0 (F0) con goi la c Z, c Z =1 khi ket qua x ly bang 0 va c Z = 0 khi ket qua khac 0.
Cac bit chon bank thanh ghi truy xuat:
Hai bit RS1 va RS0 dung e thay oi cach gan 8 thanh ghi R7 R0 cho 1 trong 4 bank thanh
ghi. Hai bit nay se b xoa sau khi reset vi ieu khien va c thay oi bi chng trnh cua ngi
lap trnh.
Vi x ly
RS1
RS0
Bank thanh ghi c la chon
Bank 0
137
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 3
Bang 4-4. Cac bit la chon bank thanh ghi.
C tran OV (Over Flag) :
Khi cac so co dau c cong hoac tr vi nhau, phan mem co the kiem tra bit nay e xac
nh xem ket qua co nam trong vung gia tr xac nh hay khong. Vi so nh phan 8 bit co dau th
so dng t 0 en +127, so am t -128 en 1. Neu ket qua cong 2 so dng ln hn +127 hoac
cong 2 so am ket qua nho hn 128 th ket qua a vt ra ngoai vung gia tr cho phep th khoi
ALU trong vi ieu khien se lam bit OV = 1.
Khi cong cac so nh phan khong dau th khong can quan tam en bit OV.
Bit Parity (P) :
Bit P t ong c Set hay Clear moi chu ky may e lap Parity chan vi thanh ghi A. em
cac bit 1 trong thanh ghi A cong vi bit Parity luon luon la so chan. V du thanh ghi A cha nh
phan 10101101B th bit P set len mot e cho biet tong so bit 1 trong thanh ghi A va ca bit P tao
thanh so chan.
Bit Parity thng c dung ket hp vi nhng thu tuc truyen d lieu noi tiep e tao ra bit
Parity cho d lieu trc khi truyen i hoac kiem tra bit Parity sau khi nhan d lieu.
Thanh ghi B :
Thanh ghi B a ch F0H c dung cung vi thanh ghi A e thc hien cac phep toan nhan
chia. Lenh MUL AB: se nhan nhng gia tr khong dau 8 bit vi 8 bit trong hai thanh ghi A va B, roi
tra ve ket qua 16 bit trong A (byte cao) va B(byte thap). Lenh DIV AB: lay gia tr trong thanh ghi
A chia cho gia tr trong thanh ghi B, ket qua nguyen lu trong A, so d lu trong B.
Thanh ghi B co the c dung nh mot thanh ghi em trung gian nhieu chc nang.
Tom tat
Vi ieu khien co tat ca cac thanh phan cau truc ben trong giong nh vi x ly nh khoi
ALU, cac thanh ghi: thanh ghi A, thanh ghi PC, thanh ghi SP, thanh ghi trang thai,
Vi ieu khien co tch hp bo nh noi ben trong bao gom bo nh chng trnh va d lieu.
Bo nh chng trnh dung e cha chng trnh ieu khien.
Bo nh d lieu la Ram dung e lu tr d lieu phuc vu cho viec x ly chng trnh.
Kch thc cua bo nh chng trnh ben trong tuy thuoc vao tng loai vi ieu khien cu the.
Ngoai cac bo nh ben trong vi ieu khien con co the giao tiep vi bo nh m rong ben
ngoai. Khi giao tiep vi bo nh ben ngoai th port 0 va port 2 co chc nang giao tiep a
ch, d lieu va cac ng ieu khien cua port 3, so lng ng ieu khien IO con lai rat
t. Muon co them nhieu ng ieu khien IO th phai giao tiep them IC ngoai vi.
138
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Vi ieu khien co 32 ng IO, co timer/counter, co truyen d lieu noi tiep, co ngat cho
phep giao tiep de dang vi oi tng ieu khien.
Mot trong nhng the manh cua vi ieu khien la kha nang x ly d lieu bit rat phu hp
trong lanh vc ieu khien.
IV. TAP LENH VI IEU KHIEN MCS51
1.
GII THIEU:
Vi ieu khien hay vi x ly la cac IC lap trnh, khi ban a thiet ke he thong ieu khien co s
dung vi x ly hay vi ieu khien v du nh he thong ieu khien en giao thong cho mot nga t gom
co cac en Xanh, Vang, o va cac led 7 oan e hien th thi gian th o mi ch la phan cng,
muon he thong van hanh th ban phai viet mot chng trnh ieu khien nap vao bo nh noi ben
trong vi ieu khien hoac bo nh ben ngoai va gan vao trong he thong e he thong van hanh va d
nhien ban phai viet ung th he thong mi van hanh ung. Chng trnh goi la phan mem.
Phan mem va phan cng co quan he vi nhau, ngi lap trnh phai hieu ro hoat ong cua
phan cng e viet chng trnh. phan nay se trnh bay chi tiet ve tap lenh cua vi ieu khien giup
ban hieu ro tng lenh e ban co the lap trnh c.
Cac khai niem ve chng trnh, lenh, tap lenh va ngon ng gi nh a trnh bay chng 1
va 2, ay ch tom tat lai.
Chng trnh la mot tap hp cac lenh c to chc theo mot trnh t hp l e giai quyet
ung cac yeu cau cua ngi lap trnh.
Ngi lap trnh la ngi biet giai thuat e viet chng trnh va sap xep ung cac lenh theo
giai thuat. Ngi lap trnh phai biet chc nang cua tat ca cac lenh cua vi ieu khien e viet
chng trnh.
Tat ca cac lenh co the co cua mot ngon ng lap trnh con goi la tap lenh.
Ho vi ieu khien MCS-51 eu co chung 1 tap lenh, cac vi ieu khien the he sau ch phat
trien nhieu ve phan cng con lenh th t m rong.
Tap lenh ho MCS-51 co ma lenh 8 bit nen co kha nang cung cap 28= 256 lenh.
Co lenh co 1 hoac 2 byte bi d lieu hoac a ch them vao Opcode.
Trong toan bo tap lenh cua vi ieu khien co139 lenh 1 byte, 92 lenh 2 byte va 24 lenh 3 byte.
Lenh cua vi ieu khien la mot so nh phan 8 bit [con goi la ma may]. 256 byte t 0000 0000b
en 1111 1111b tng ng vi 256 lenh khac nhau. Do ma lenh dang so nh phan qua dai va kho
nh nen cac nha lap trnh a xay dng mot ngon ng lap trnh Assembly cho de nh, ieu nay giup
cho viec lap trnh c thc hien mot cach de dang va nhanh chong cung nh oc hieu va g roi
chng trnh.
Khi viet chng trnh bang ngon ng lap trnh Assembly th vi ieu khien se khong thc hien
c ma phai dung chng trnh bien dch Assembler e chuyen oi cac lenh viet bang Assembly
ra ma lenh nh phan tng ng roi nap vao bo nh khi o vi ieu khien mi thc hien c
chng trnh.
Ngon ng lap trnh Assembly do con ngi tao ra, khi s dung ngon ng Assembly e viet th
ngi lap trnh vi ieu khien phai hoc het tat ca cac lenh va viet ung theo qui c ve cu phap,
trnh t sap xep d lieu e chng trnh bien dch co the bien dch ung.
Vi x ly
139
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
2. CAC KIEU NH A CH CUA VI IEU KHIEN MCS51 :

Phan nay a trnh bay mot cach tong quat chng 2, ay se trnh bay mot cach chi tiet
hn. Cac kieu nh a ch la mot qui c thong nhat cua tap lenh.
Cac kieu nh a ch cho phep nh ro ni lay d lieu hoac ni nhan d lieu tuy thuoc vao
cach thc s dung lenh cua ngi lap trnh.
Vi ieu khien ho MCS-51 co 8 kieu nh a ch nh sau:
Kieu nh a ch dung thanh ghi.

Kieu nh a ch trc tiep.
Kieu nh a ch gian tiep.
Kieu nh a ch tc thi.
Kieu nh a ch tng oi.
Kieu nh a ch tuyet oi.
Kieu nh a ch dai.
Kieu nh a ch nh v.
a. Kieu nh a ch dung thanh ghi (Register Addressing) :
Kieu nay thng c dung cho cac lenh x ly d lieu ma d lieu luon lu trong cac thanh
ghi. oi vi vi ieu khien th ma lenh thuoc kieu nay ch co 1 byte.
V du 1:
Mov A,R1
; copy noi dung thanh ghi R1 vao thanh ghi A
b. Kieu nh a ch trc tiep (Direct Addressing) :

Kieu nay thng c dung e truy xuat d lieu cua bat ky o nh nao trong 256 byte bo nh
RAM noi cua vi ieu khien 89C51.
Cac lenh thuoc kieu nay thng co ma lenh 2 byte: byte th nhat la ma lenh, byte th 2 la
a ch cua o nh:
V du 2:
Mov A,05H
; copy noi dung o nh co a ch 05H vao thanh ghi A
c. nh a ch gian tiep (Indirect Addressing) :

Kieu nh a ch gian tiep c tng trng bi ky hieu @ va c at trc cac thanh ghi
R0, R1 hay DPTR. R0 va R1 co the hoat ong nh mot thanh ghi con tro, noi dung cua no cho biet
a ch cua mot o nh trong RAM noi ma d lieu se ghi hoac se oc. Con dptr dung e truy xuat o
nh ngoai. Cac lenh thuoc dang nay ch co 1 byte.
V du 3:
Mov A,@R1
; copy noi dung o nh co a ch trong thanh ghi R1 vao

;thanh ghi A
d. nh a ch tc thi (Immediate Addressing) :
140
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Kieu nh a ch tc thi c tng trng bi ky hieu # va c at trc mot hang so.

Lenh nay thng dung e nap 1 gia tr la 1 hang so byte th 2 (hoac byte th 3) vao thanh ghi
hoac o nh.
V du 4:
Mov a,#30H
; nap d lieu la con so 30H vao thanh ghi A
e. nh a ch tng oi :
Kieu nh a ch tng oi ch s dung vi nhng lenh nhay. Ni nhay en co a ch bang
a ch ang lu trong thanh ghi PC cong vi 1 gia tr 8 bit [con goi la gia tr lech tng oi:
relative offset] co gia tr t 128 en +127 nen vi ieu khien co the nhay lui [neu so cong vi so
am] va nhay ti [ neu so cong vi so dng]. Lenh nay co ma lenh 2 byte, byte th 2 chnh la gia
tr lech tng oi.
Ni nhay en thng c xac nh bi nhan (label) va trnh bien dch se tnh toan gia tr
lech.
nh v tng oi co u iem la ma lenh co nh khi thay oi a ch, nhng khuyet iem la
ch nhay ngan trong pham vi -128127 byte [256byte], neu ni nhay en xa hn th lenh nay khong
ap ng c se co loi.
V du 5:
Sjmp X1
;nhay en nhan co ten la X1 nam trong tam vc 256 byte
f. nh a ch tuyet oi (Absolute Addressing) :

Kieu nh a ch tuyet oi c dung vi cac lenh ACALL va AJMP. Cac lenh nay co ma
lenh 2 byte cho phep phan chia bo nh theo trang - moi trang co kch thc ung bang 2Kbyte so
vi gia tr cha trong thanh ghi PC hien hanh. 11 bit a ch A10A0 c thay the cho 11 a ch
thap trong thanh ghi PC nam trong cau truc ma lenh nh sau:
nh a ch tuyet oi co u iem la ma lenh ngan (2 byte), nhng khuyet iem la ma lenh
thay oi va gii han pham vi ni nhay en, goi en khong qua 2 kbyte.
V du 6:
Ajmp X1
;nhay en nhan co ten la X1 nam trong tam vc 2 kbyte
g. nh a ch dai (Long Addressing) :

Kieu nh a ch dai c dung vi lenh LCALL va LJMP. Cac lenh nay co ma lenh 3 byte
trong o co 2 byte (16bit) la a ch cua ni en. Cau truc ma lenh la 3 byte nh sau:
u iem cua nh a ch dai la co the goi 1 chng trnh con hoac co the nhay en bat ky
vung nh nao vung nh 64K, nhc iem la cac lenh kieu nay dai 3 byte va phu thuoc vao v tr
en ieu nay se bat tien bi khong the di toan bo ma lenh cua chng trnh t vung nh nay
sang cac vung nh khac co ngha la khi chng trnh a viet ni en tai a ch 1000h th sau khi
dch ra ma lenh dang so nh phan th sau o nap vao bo nh th a ch bat au phai ung vi a
ch a viet la 1000h; neu nap vung a ch khac a ch 1000h th chng trnh se thc hien sai.
V du 7:
Ljmp X1
;nhay en nhan co ten la X1 nam trong tam vc 64kbyte
h. nh a ch ch so (Index Addressing) :
Kieu nh a ch ch so dung mot thanh ghi c ban: la bo em chng trnh PC hoac bo em
d lieu DPTR ket hp vi mot gia tr lech (offset) con goi la gia tr tng oi [thng lu trong
Vi x ly
141
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
thanh ghi] e tao ra 1 a ch cua o nh can truy xuat hoac la a ch cua ni nhay en. Viec ket
hp c minh hoa nh sau:
Base Register
PC (or PDTR)
Offset
+
Effective Address
V du8: MOVX A, @A + DPTR
=
;lay d lieu trong o nh co a ch bang DPTR + A
Khi khao sat tap lenh mot cach chi tiet th chc nang cua cac thanh ghi va cac kieu truy xuat
nay se c trnh bay ro rang hn.
3. KHAO SAT TAP LENH VI IEU KHIEN MCS51 :
e khao sat tap lenh th phai thong nhat mot so qui nh ve cac t ng k hieu trong tap lenh
thng c s dung:
- Direct tng trng cho o nh noi co a ch bat ky t co a ch t 00H en FFH.
- Rn tng trng cho cac thanh ghi t thanh ghi R0 en thanh ghi R7.
- @Ri tng trng cho o nh co a ch lu trong thanh ghi Ri va ch co 2 thanh ghi la R0 va
R1.
- Cac lenh thng xay ra gia cac oi tng sau:
+ Thanh ghi A.
+ Thanh ghi Rn.
+ O nh co a ch direct.
+ O nh co a ch lu trong thanh ghi @Ri.
+ D lieu 8 bit #data.
+ addr11 la a ch 11 bit t A10A0: a ch nay phuc vu cho lenh nhay hoac lenh goi
chng trnh con trong pham vi 2 kbyte.
+ Addr16 la a ch 16 bit t A15A0: a ch nay phuc vu cho lenh nhay va lenh goi
chng trnh con xa trong pham vi 64 kbyte o chnh la a ch nhay en, hoac a
ch cua chng trnh con.
Khi viet chng trnh ngi lap trnh co the thay the a ch bang nhan (label) e khoi phai
tnh toan cac a ch cu the. Nhan (label) se c at tai v tr addr thay cho addr va phai co mot
nhan at tai ni muon nhay en - goi la 1 cap nhan cung ten.
Co the nhieu ni nhay en cung mot nhan. Khong c at cac nhan cung ten.
Cac lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai th co trnh bay trong lenh, con cac lenh
khong e cap en thanh ghi trang thai th co ngha la no khong anh hng.
a. Nhom lenh di chuyen d lieu (8 bit) :
1.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t mot thanh ghi vao thanh ghi A:

Cu phap :
142
Mov A,Rn
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 0 1 n2 n1 n0
Lenh nay chiem 1 byte va thi gian thc hien lenh la 1 chu ky may
Chc nang: Chuyen noi dung cua thanh ghi Rn vao thanh ghi A, noi dung thanh ghi
Rn van gi nguyen.
V du 1:
Gia s thanh ghi R0 co noi dung la 32h , lenh:

MOV
A,R0
;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 32h, (R0) = 32h.
Gia tr ban au cha trong A th khong can quan tam.

2.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t o nh trc tiep vao thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
Mov A, direct
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Chuyen noi dung cua o nh trong Ram noi co a ch direct byte th
hai vao thanh ghi A. Trc tiep co ngha la a ch cua o nh c ghi trong lenh.
V du 2:
Gia s o nh co a ch 30h lu noi dung 32h. Lenh:

MOV A,30H
;chuyen noi dung cua o nh co a ch la 30h sang thanh ghi A.

;Ket qua nh sau: (A)= 32h. Chu y a ch 30h ghi trong lenh.
;a7..a0 = 00110000b la a ch cua o nh 30h
3.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t o nh gian tiep vao thanh ghi A :

MOV A,@Ri
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 i
Chc nang: Chuyen noi dung o nh trong Ram noi, co a ch cha trong thanh ghi
Ri, vao thanh ghi A.
V du 3: thay v thc hien mov A,30h cua v du tren th ta co the thay bang lenh mov
A,@R0 se co cung 1 ket qua neu a ch 30h lu vao R0. a ch 30h khong con ghi trong lenh
ma c thay bang @R0 nen kieu lenh nay goi la lenh gian tiep v a ch 30h khong con xuat
hien trong lenh. Chu y trc khi s dung lenh nay ta phai lam cho R0 mang gia tr la 30h.
V du 4: Gia s R0 co noi dung la 70h, o nh co a ch 70h cha noi dung la 0B8h. Lenh:
MOV A,@R0
4.
;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 0B8h.
Lenh nap d lieu 8 bit vao thanh ghi A :

MOV A, #data
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
0
Vi x ly
0
143
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Nap d lieu 8 bit data (d0 en d7) vao thanh ghi A.
V du 5:
Gia s A co noi dung 47h, d lieu trc tiep la 32h, lenh:

MOV A,#32H
;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 32h.

;d7..d0 = 00110010b
5.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t thanh ghi A vao thanh ghi :

Cu phap :
Mov Rn, A
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 1 1 n2 n1 n0
Chc nang: Chuyen noi dung cua thanh ghi A vao thanh ghi Rn.
V du 6:
Gia s A co noi dung 47h , lenh:

MOV R0, A
6.
;ket qua nh sau: (R0) = 47h, (A) = 47h.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t o nh trc tiep vao thanh ghi Rn :

Cu phap :
MOV Rn, direct
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 0 1 n2 n1 n0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Chuyen noi dung cua o nh trong Ram noi co a ch direct vao thanh
ghi Rn.
V du 7:
Gia s R1 co noi dung 47h, o nh co a ch 30h cha noi dung 0AFh. Lenh:
MOV R1,30H
Lenh chuyen noi dung o nh co a ch 30h sang thanh ghi R1.

Ket qua nh sau: (R1) = 0AFh, d lieu trong o nh co a ch 30h khong oi.
7.
Lenh chuyen tc thi d lieu 8 bit vao thanh ghi Rn :

Cu phap :
MOV Rn, #data
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 1 1 n2 n1 n0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Lenh nay chiem 2 byte va thi gian thc hien lenh la 1 chu ky may.
Chc nang: Nap d lieu 8 bit data (d0 en d7) vao thanh ghi Rn.
V du 8:
Gia s muon chuyen d lieu 47h vao thanh ghi R1:

MOV R1,#47H ;ket qua nh sau: (R1)= 47h.
8.
144
Lenh chuyen d lieu t thanh ghi A vao o nh trc tiep :

Vi x ly
Cu phap :
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
MOV direct, A
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Chuyen noi dung cua thanh ghi A vao o nh trong Ram noi co a ch
direct.
V du 9:
Cho noi dung thanh ghi (A ) = 35H, noi dung o nh co a ch 10H bang 50H.
MOV 10H,A
Sau khi thc hien xong th noi dung o nh co a ch 10h bang 35H.
9.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t thanh ghi Rn vao o nh trc tiep :

Cu phap :
MOV direct, Rn
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 0 1 n2 n1 n0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Chuyen noi dung cua thanh ghi Rn vao o nh trong Ram noi co a ch
direct.
V du 10: Cho noi dung thanh ghi (R0 ) = 35H, noi dung o nh 10H bang 50H.
MOV 10H,R0
10.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t o nh trc tiep vao o nh trc tiep :

Cu phap :
MOV direct, direct
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Chuyen noi dung cua o nh trong Ram noi co a ch direct vao o nh co
a ch trc direct.
V du 11: Cho noi dung o nh co a ch 20H bang 35H va noi dung o nh co a ch 10H
bang 50H.
MOV 10H,20H
11.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t o nh gian tiep vao o nh trc tiep :

Cu phap :
MOV direct, @Ri
Ma lenh :
Vi x ly
145
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
1 0 0 0 0 1 1
i
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Chuyen noi dung o nh co a ch cha trong thanh ghi Ri vao o nh co
a ch direct.
V du 12: Cho noi dung thanh ghi (R0 ) = 05H, noi dung o nh co a ch 05h bang FFH va
noi dung o nh co a ch 10H bang 50H.
MOV 10H,@R0
Sau khi thc hien xong th noi dung o nh co a ch 10h bang FFH.
12.
Lenh chuyen d lieu vao o nh trc tiep :

MOV direct, #data
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Nap d lieu data 8 bit (d0 en d7 ) vao o nh co a ch direct.
V du 13: Cho noi dung o nh co a ch 05h bang FFH.
MOV 05H,#25H
13.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t thanh ghi A vao o nh gian tiep :

Cu phap :
MOV @Ri, A
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 i
Chc nang : Chuyen noi dung cua thanh ghi A vao o nh trong Ram noi co a ch
cha trong thanh ghi Ri.
14.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t o nh trc tiep vao o nh gian tiep :

Cu phap :
MOV @Ri, direct
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 0 0 1 1
i
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Chuyen noi dung o nh co a ch direct vao o nh co a ch cha trong
thanh ghi Ri.
15.
146
Lenh chuyen d lieu tc thi vao o nh gian tiep :

Vi x ly
Cu phap :
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
MOV @Ri, #data
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 I
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Nap d lieu data 8 bit (d0 en d7) vao o nh co a ch cha trong thanh
ghi Ri.
16.
Lenh chuyen d lieu tc thi 16 bit vao thanh ghi con tro d lieu :
Cu phap :
MOV dptr, #data16
Ma lenh :
1
0
0
1
0
0
0 0
d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Nap d lieu data 16 bit vao thanh ghi con tro d lieu dptr.
17.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t o nh co a ch la Dptr + A vao thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
Chc nang : chuyen noi dung cua o nh trong bo nh chng trnh (Code Memory),
co a ch cha bang dptr cong vi gia tr cha trong A, chuyen vao thanh ghi A.
18.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t o nh co a ch la PC + A vao thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
MOVC A,@A+PC
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Chc nang : chuyen noi dung cua o nh trong bo nh chng trnh (Code Memory)
co a ch cha bang PC cong vi gia tr cha trong A c chuyen vao thanh ghi A.
19.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t o nh ngoai gian tiep (8 bit a ch) vao thanh ghi A :
Cu phap :
MOVX A, @Ri
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 I
Chc nang : chuyen noi dung o nh ngoai co a ch cha trong thanh ghi Ri vao
thanh ghi A.
20.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t o nh ngoai gian tiep (16 bit a ch) vao thanh ghi A :
Cu phap :
Vi x ly
MOVX A,@DPTR
147
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Chc nang : chuyen noi dung cua o nh ngoai co a ch cha trong thanh ghi dptr
vao thanh ghi A.
21.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t thanh ghi A vao o nh ngoai gian tiep (8 bit a ch) :
Cu phap :
MOVX @ Ri, A
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 i
Chc nang : chuyen noi dung cua thanh ghi A ra o nh ngoai co a ch cha trong
thanh ghi Ri.
22.
Lenh chuyen d lieu t thanh ghi A vao o nh ngoai gian tiep (16 bit a ch) :
Cu phap :
MOVX @DPTR, A
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Chc nang : Chuyen noi dung cua thanh ghi A ra o nh ngoai co a ch cha trong
thanh ghi dptr.
23.
Lenh cat noi dung o nh trc tiep vao ngan xep :

Cu phap :
PUSH direct
Ma lenh :
1 1
0
0 0 0 0 0
a7 a6 A5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: cat noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct vao o nh ngan xep. Con tro
ngan xep SP tang len 1 trc khi lu noi dung.
24.
Lenh lay d lieu t ngan xep tra ve o nh trc tiep :

Cu phap :
POP direct
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: lay noi dung cua o nh ngan xep tra cho o nh co a ch direct. Con tro
ngan xep SP giam 1 sau khi lay d lieu ra.
25.
Lenh trao oi d lieu gia thanh ghi vi thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
XCH A,Rn
Ma lenh :
148
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
1 1 0 0 1 n2 n1 n0
Chc nang : Trao oi noi dung cua thanh ghi Rn vi thanh ghi A.
V du 14: cho noi dung cua thanh ghi (A) = 35H va (R0) = 70H
XCH A,R0
Ket qua sau khi thc hien (A) = 70H va (R0) = 35H
26.
Lenh trao oi d lieu gia o nh trc tiep vi thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
XCH A,Direct
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang : Trao oi noi dung cua thanh ghi A vi noi dung o nh co a ch direct.
27.
Lenh trao oi d lieu gia o nh gian tiep vi thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
XCH A,@Ri
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 i
Chc nang : Trao oi noi dung cua o nh co a ch cha trong thanh ghi Ri vi
thanh ghi A.
28.
Lenh trao oi 4 bit d lieu gia o nh gian tiep vi thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
XCHD A,@Ri
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 i
Chc nang : Trao oi d lieu 4 bit thap cua o nh co a ch cha trong thanh ghi Ri
vi d lieu 4 bit thap trong thanh ghi A.
b. Nhom lenh so hoc :
1.
Lenh cong thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi :

Cu phap :
ADD A,Rn
Ma lenh :
0 0 1 0 1 n2 n1 n0
Chc nang : cong noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn, ket qua lu trong
thanh ghi A. Lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
V du 15: Gia s A co noi dung 47h va R0 co noi dung la 32h, lenh:
ADD A,R0
;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 79h, (C) = 0.
Vi x ly
149
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
V du 16: Gia s A co noi dung 0D9h va R0 co noi dung la 0B8h, lenh:

ADD A,R0
;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 91h, (C) =1.
2.
Lenh cong noi dung o nh trc tiep vao thanh ghi A :

ADD A, direct
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Cong noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct vi noi dung thanh ghi A, ket
qua cha thanh ghi A. Lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
V du 17: Gia s A co noi dung 0D9h va o nh co a ch 30h lu noi dung 0B8h, lenh:
ADD A,30h
V du 18: Gia s A co noi dung 47h va o nh co a ch 30h lu noi dung 32h, lenh:
ADD A,30h
3.
Lenh cong noi dung o nh gian tiep vao thanh ghi A :

ADD A,@Ri
Cu phap:
Ma lenh:
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 i
Chc nang: cong noi dung cua o nh co a ch cha trong thanh ghi Ri vi thanh ghi
A, ket qua lu tr trong thanh ghi A. Lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
V du 19: Gia s A co noi dung 0D9h, o nh co a ch 30h co noi dung la 0B8h, R0 co noi
dung la 30h, lenh:
ADD A,@R0
4.
Lenh cong d lieu tc thi 8 bit vao thanh ghi A :

ADD A, #data
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Cong d lieu data 8 bit (d0 en d7) vi noi dung thanh ghi A, ket qua
lu tr trong A. Lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
V du20:
Gia s A co noi dung 47h, d lieu trc tiep la 32h, lenh:

ADD A,#32h
;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 79h, (C) = 0.
V du 21: Gia s A co noi dung D9h, d lieu trc tiep la B8h, lenh:
ADD A,#0B8h ;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 91h, (C) = 1.
5.
150
Lenh cong thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi co bit carry :

Vi x ly
Cu phap :
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
ADDC A,Rn
Ma lenh :
0 0 1 1 1 n2 n1 n0
Chc nang : cong noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn vi bit C, ket qua
lu trong thanh ghi A. Lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
V du22:
Gia s A co noi dung 47h, R1 co noi dung 32h va c (C) = 1, lenh:

ADDC A,R1
V du23:
Gia s A co noi dung 0D9h, R0 co noi dung la 0B8h, (C) =1, lenh:
ADDC A,R0
6.
;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 7ah, (C) = 0.

;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 92h, (C)=1.
Lenh cong noi dung o nh trc tiep vao thanh ghi A co bit carry :
Cu phap :
ADDC A, direct
Ma lenh :
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Cong noi dung cua o nh co a direct noi dung thanh ghi A va bit C,
ket qua cha thanh ghi A. Lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
V du 24: Gia s A co noi dung 47h, o nh 30h co noi dung 32h va c (C) = 0, lenh:
ADDC A,30h
;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 79h, (C) = 0.
V du 25: Gia s A co noi dung 0D9h, o nh 30h co noi dung la 0B8h, C:=1, lenh:
ADDC A,30h
7.
;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 92h, (C) = 1.
Lenh cong noi dung o nh gian tiep vao thanh ghi A co bit carry :
Cu phap :
ADDC A,@Ri
Ma lenh :
0 0 1 1 0 1 1 i
Chc nang : cong noi dung cua o nh co a ch cha trong thanh ghi Ri vi thanh
ghi A vi bit C, ket qua lu tr trong thanh ghi A. Lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi
trang thai.
V du 26: Gia s A co noi dung 47h, o nh 30h co noi dung 32h, R0 co noi dung la 30h va
c (C) = 0, lenh:
ADDC A,@R0 ;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 79h, (C) = 0.
V du 27: Gia s A co noi dung 0D9h, o nh 30h co noi dung la 0B8h, R0 co noi dung 30h
va (C) =1, lenh:
ADDC A,@R0 ;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 92h, (C)=1.
Vi x ly
151
8.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Lenh cong d lieu 8 bit vao thanh ghi A co bit carry :

Cu phap :
ADDC A, #data
Ma lenh :
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Cong d lieu data 8 bit (d0 en d7) vi noi dung thanh ghi A va bit C,
ket qua lu tr trong A. Lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
9.
Lenh tr thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi :

Cu phap :
SUBB A,Rn
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 1 1 n2 n1 n0
Chc nang : Tr noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn va tr cho c Carry,
ket qua lu trong thanh ghi A. Lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
V du 28: Gia s A co noi dung 47h, noi dung thanh ghi R0 la 32h va c (C)=0, lenh:
SUBB A,R0
;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 15h (C)=0.
V du 29: Gia s A co noi dung 0B9h, thanh ghi R0 co noi dung la 5Ah va (C)=1, lenh:
SUBB A,R0
10.
;ket qua nh sau: (A) = 5Eh, (C) =0.
Lenh tr noi dung thanh ghi A cho noi dung o nh trc tiep :
Cu phap :
SUBB A, direct
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Tr noi dung thanh ghi A cho noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct va tr
cho c Carry, ket qua cha thanh ghi A. Lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi trang
thai.
11.
Lenh tr noi dung thanh ghi A cho noi dung o nh gian tiep :
Cu phap :
SUBB A,@Ri
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 i
Chc nang: Tr noi dung cua thanh ghi A cho d lieu cua o nh co a ch cha
trong thanh ghi Ri va tr cho c carry, ket qua lu tr trong thanh ghi A. Lenh co anh
hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
12.
152
Lenh tr noi dung thanh ghi A cho d lieu tc thi 8 bit :

Vi x ly
Cu phap :
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
SUBB A, #data
(subtract: tr)
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Tr noi dung thanh ghi A cho d lieu 8 bit d0 en d7 va tr cho c carry,
ket qua lu tr trong A. Lenh co anh hng en thanh ghi trang thai.
13.
Lenh tang noi dung thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
INC A
(increment: tang len 1 n v)
Ma lenh :
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Chc nang: Tang noi dung thanh ghi A len 1.
V du 30:
Gia s A co noi dung 35h, lenh:

INC A
V du 31:
Gia s A co noi dung FFh, lenh:

INC A
14.

Lenh tang noi dung cua thanh ghi :

Cu phap :
INC Rn
Ma lenh :
0 0 0 0 1 n2 n1 n0
Chc nang: Tang noi dung thanh ghi Rn len 1.
15.
Lenh tang noi dung o nh trc tiep :

Cu phap :
INC direct
Ma lenh :
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Tang noi dung cua o nh co a ch trc tiep byte th 2 len 1.
16.
Lenh tang noi dung o nh gian tiep :

Cu phap :
INC @Ri
Ma lenh :
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 i
Chc nang: Tang noi dung cua o nh co a ch cha trong thanh ghi Ri len 1.
Vi x ly
153
V du 32:
Gia s noi dung o nh 30h la 35h, thanh ghi R0 co noi dung la 30h, lenh:
INC R0
17.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
;ket qua nh sau: o nh (30h) = 36h
Lenh tang noi dung con tro d lieu Dptr :

Cu phap :
INC dptr
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Chc nang: Tang noi dung cua thanh ghi con tro d lieu dptr len 1.
18.
Lenh giam noi dung thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
DEC A
Ma lenh :
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Chc nang: Giam noi dung thanh ghi A xuong 1.
V du 33:

DEC A
V du 34:

DEC A
19.

;ket qua nh sau: (A) = FFh.
Lenh giam noi dung cua thanh ghi :

Cu phap :
DEC Rn
Ma lenh :
0 0 0 1 1 n2 n1 n0
Chc nang: Giam noi dung thanh ghi Rn xuong 1.
V du 351: Gia s R0 la 35h , lenh:
DEC R0
20.
;ket qua nh sau: (R0) =34h.
Lenh giam noi dung o nh trc tiep :

Cu phap :
DEC direct
Ma lenh :
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Giam noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct byte th 2 xuong 1.
V du 36: Gia s o nh 30h co noi dung la 35h , lenh:
154
Vi x ly
DEC 30h
21.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
;ket qua nh sau: o nh co a ch la 30h lu 34h.
Lenh giam noi dung o nh gian tiep :

Cu phap :
DEC @Ri
Ma lenh :
0 0 0 1 0 1 1 i
Chc nang: Giam noi dung cua o nh co a ch cha trong thanh ghi Ri xuong 1.
22.
Lenh nhan thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi B :

Cu phap :
MUL AB
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Chc nang: Noi dung cua thanh ghi A nhan vi noi dung cua thanh ghi B, ket qua la
mot d lieu 16 bit, 8 bit thap lu tr trong thanh ghi A, 8 bit cao lu tr trong thanh
ghi B.
V du 37: Gia s thanh ghi A co noi dung la 50h,thanh ghi B co noi dung 0A0h , lenh:
MUL AB
23.
;Ket qua nh sau: 50h*A0h:= 3200h th (A) = 00 va (B) = 32h.
Lenh chia thanh ghi A cho thanh ghi B :

Cu phap :
DIV AB
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Chc nang: Noi dung cua thanh ghi A chia cho noi dung cua thanh ghi B, ket qua cua
phep chia lu tr trong thanh ghi A, so d lu tr trong thanh ghi B. Lenh anh hng
en thanh ghi trang thai: Bit C va bit OV b xoa ve 0, neu phep chia nay ma d lieu
trong thanh ghi B = 00h th noi dung thanh ghi A khong thay oi, noi dung cha trong
thanh ghi B khong xac nh va bit OV = 1, bit Cy = 0.
24.
Lenh ieu chnh thap phan noi dung thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
DA A
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
Chc nang: Neu 4 bit thap A3A2A1A0>9 hoac bit AC = 1th A3A2A1A0 + 6, ket
qua lu tr lai trong A. Neu 4 bit cao A7A6A5A4>9 hoac bit Cy = 1 th A7A6A5A4
+ 6, ket qua lu tr lai thanh ghi A. Ket qua sau cung trong thanh ghi A la so BCD.
c. Nhom lenh logic :
1.
Vi x ly
Lenh and thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi :

155
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
ANL A,Rn
Cu phap :
(and logic)
Ma lenh :
0 1 0 1 1 n2 n1 n0
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A and vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn, ket qua lu tr
trong thanh ghi A.
V du 38:
MOV A ,#10110011b
MOV R0,#11001011b
ANL A,R0
2.
;ket qua (A) = 10000011b
Lenh and thanh ghi A vi noi dung o nh trc tiep :

Cu phap :
ANL A, direct
Ma lenh :
0
1
0 1 0
1
0 1
a7 A6 a5 a4 a3 A2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A and vi noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct, ket
qua cha thanh ghi A.
3.
Lenh and thanh ghi A vi noi dung o nh gian tiep :

Cu phap :
ANL A, @Ri
Ma lenh :
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 i
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A and vi o nh co a ch cha trong thanh ghi Ri,
ket qua lu tr trong thanh ghi A.
4.
Lenh and thanh ghi A vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit :

Cu phap :
ANL A, #data
Ma lenh :
0 1 0 1 0
1
0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 D2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Noi dung cua thanh ghi A and vi d lieu d0 en d7 , ket qua lu tr
trong thanh ghi A.
V du 39:
156
MOV
A ,#10110011b
ANL
A,#00001111b
;ket qua (A) = 00000011b

Vi x ly
5.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Lenh and noi dung o nh trc tiep vi noi dung thanh ghi A :
ANL direct, A
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
0 1
0
1 0
0
1 0
a7 a6 A5 a4 a3 A2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Noi dung o nh co a ch direct and vi noi dung cua thanh ghi A, ket
qua lu tr vao o nh.
V du 40:
6.
MOV
A ,#10110011b
MOV
10h,#11110000b
ANL
10H,A
;ket qua o nh co a ch 10h lu 10110000b.
Lenh and noi dung o nh trc tiep vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit :

ANL direct, #data
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
0 1 0 1 0
0
1 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 A2 a1 a0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct and vi 8 bit d lieu 8 bit, ket qua
lu tr vao o nh.
7.
Lenh or thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi :

ORL A, Rn
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
0 1 0 0 1 n2 n1 n0
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A or vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn, ket qua lu tr trong
thanh ghi A.
V du 41:
8.
MOV
A ,#10110011b
MOV
R0,#11001011b
ORL
A,R0
;ket qua (A) = 11111011b.
Lenh or thanh ghi A vi noi dung o nh trc tiep :

ORL A, direct
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
0
Vi x ly
1
157
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A or vi noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct, ket qua
cha thanh ghi A.
9.
Lenh or thanh ghi A vi noi dung o nh gian tiep :

Cu phap :
ORL A, @Ri
Ma lenh :
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 i
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A or vi o nh co a ch cha trong thanh ghi Ri, ket
qua lu tr trong thanh ghi A.
10.
Lenh or thanh ghi A vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit :

Cu phap :
ORL A, #data
Ma lenh :
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Noi dung cua thanh ghi A or vi d lieu 8 bit data (t d0 en d7), ket
qua lu tr trong thanh ghi A.
11.
Lenh or noi dung o nh trc tiep vi noi dung thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
ORL direct, A
Ma lenh :
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Noi dung o nh co a ch direct or vi noi dung cua thanh ghi A, ket qua
lu tr trong o nh co a ch direct.
12.
Lenh or noi dung o nh trc tiep vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit :

Cu phap :
ORL direct, #data
Ma lenh :
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct or vi d lieu 8 bit (t d0 en d7 )
byte th 3, ket qua lu tr trong o nh.
13.
Lenh ex-or thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi :

Cu phap :
158
XRL A, Rn
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 0 1 n2 n1 n0
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A ex-or vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn, ket qua lu tr
trong thanh ghi A.
14.
Lenh ex-or thanh ghi A vi noi dung o nh trc tiep :

Cu phap :
XRL A, direct
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A ex-or vi noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct, ket
qua cha thanh ghi A.
15.
Lenh ex-or thanh ghi A vi noi dung o nh gian tiep :

Cu phap :
XRL A, @Ri
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 i
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A ex-or vi o nh co a ch cha trong thanh ghi Ri,
ket qua lu tr trong thanh ghi A.
16.
Lenh ex-or thanh ghi A vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit :

Cu phap :
XRL A, #data
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Noi dung cua thanh ghi A ex-or vi d lieu data, ket qua lu tr trong
thanh ghi A.
17.
Lenh ex-or noi dung o nh trc tiep vi noi dung thanh ghi A :
Cu phap :
XRL direct, A
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Noi dung o nh co a ch direct ex-or vi noi dung cua thanh ghi A, ket
qua lu tr vao o nh.
18.
Lenh ex-or noi dung o nh trc tiep vi d lieu tc thi 8 bit :

Cu phap :
Vi x ly
XRL direct, #data

159
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
Chc nang: Noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct ex-or vi 8 bit d lieu data 8 bit, ket
qua lu tr vao o nh.
19.
Lenh xoa noi dung thanh ghi A :

CLR A
Cu phap :
(clear a)
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A bang zero.
20.
Lenh bu noi dung thanh ghi A :

CPL A
Cu phap :
(complement A)
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A c lay bu 1, ket qua cha trong A.
V du 42:
21.
MOV
A ,#10110011b
CPL
;ket qua (A) = 01001100b.
Lenh xoay trai noi dung thanh ghi A :

RL A
Cu phap :
(rotate left)
Ma lenh :
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A c xoay trai 1 bit minh hoa nh hnh ve.
C
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
A7
V du 43:
160
MOV
A,#1011 0011b
RL
;lenh th nhat
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Gia tr ban au cua C ta khong can quan tam en ket qua sau khi xoay th (A) = 0110 0111b
va c (C) = 1 la do bit A7 bang 1 chuyen sang.
RL
;lenh th 2
Ket qua sau khi xoay th (A) = 11001110b va c (C) = 0 la do bit A7 bang 0 chuyen sang.
22.
Lenh xoay trai noi dung thanh ghi A va bit carry :

RLC A
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A va bit C c xoay trai 1 bit.
C
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
A7
V du 44: Gia s cho c C = 0 trc khi thc hien lenh

MOV
A ,#10110011b
RLC
SETB
MOV
A,#00000000b
RLC
;ket qua (A) = 0000 0001b va c (C) = 0
SETB
;lam c C bang 1
RLC
;ket qua (A) = 0000 0011b va c (C) = 0
;ket qua (A) = 01100110b va c (C) = 1
V du 45:
;lam c C bang 1
.
SETB
;lam c C bang 1
RLC
;ket qua (A) = 0111 1111b va c (C) = 0
SETB
;lam c C bang 1 (lan th 8)
RLC
;ket qua (A) = 1111 1111b va c (C) = 0
SETB
;lam c C bang 1 (lan th 9)
RLC
;ket qua (A) = 1111 1111b va c (C) = 1
CLR
;lam c C bang 0
;xxxx
RLC A
Vi x ly
;ket qua (A) = 1111 1110b va c (C) = 1

161
23.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Lenh xoay phai noi dung thanh ghi A :

RR A
Cu phap :
(rotate right)
Ma lenh :
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A c xoay phai 1 bit ngc vi lenh RL A.
24.
Lenh xoay phai noi dung thanh ghi A va bit carry :

RRC A
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Chc nang: Noi dung thanh ghi A va bit C c xoay phai 1 bit ngc vi lenh RLC
A.
25.
Lenh xoay thanh ghi A 4 bit :

SWAP A
Cu phap :
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
Chc nang: hoan chuyen 4 bit thap va 4 bit cao trong thanh ghi A.
V du 46:
MOV
A,#3EH
SWAP A
;ket qua (A) = E3H
d. Nhom lenh chuyen quyen ieu khien :

Nhom lenh nay la nhom lenh chuyen quyen ieu khien co ngha la vi ieu khien ang
thc hien lenh tai a ch nay th co the nhay en hoac chuyen en thc hien lenh tai mot a ch
khac.
Trong nhom nay gom co lenh goi chng trnh con, lenh ket thuc chng trnh con tr ve
chng trnh chnh, lenh nhay khong ieu kien va lenh nhay co ieu kien.
Cac lenh nhay bao gom lenh nhay tng oi, lenh nhay tuyet oi, lenh nhay dai.
Cac lenh nhay co ieu kien th khi thoa ieu kien th lenh se nhay con neu khong thoa
ieu kien th se thc hien lenh ke ngay sau lenh nhay. ay ch trnh bay ieu kien thoa con ieu
kien khong thoa th ta hieu ngam.
1.
Lenh goi chng trnh con dung a ch tuyet oi :

Cu phap :
ACALL addr11
Ma lenh :
a10 a9 a8 1 0 0 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
162
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Chc nang: Khi lenh nay c thc hien th vi ieu khien se thc hien chng trnh
con tai a ch addr11. Chng trnh con khong c cach lenh goi qua 2 kbyte.
Addr11 cua chng trnh con co the thay bang nhan (ten cua chng trnh con).
Chu y: Trc khi nap a ch mi vao thanh ghi PC th a ch cua lenh ke trong
chng trnh chnh c cat vao bo nh ngan xep.
2.
Lenh goi chng trnh con dung a ch dai 16 bit :

Cu phap :
LCALL addr16
Ma lenh :
0
0
0
1
0
0
1 0
a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: Khi lenh nay c thc hien th vi ieu khien se thc hien chng trnh
con tai a ch addr16. Lenh nay co the goi chng trnh con au cung c trong
vung 64kbyte. Addr16 cua chng trnh con co the thay bang nhan (ten cua chng
trnh con).
16 bit a ch A15 A0 c nap vao PC, vi ieu khien se thc hien chng trnh
con tai a ch va nap vao PC. Chu y: Trc khi nap a ch vao thanh ghi PC th a
ch cua lenh ke trong chng trnh chnh c cat vao bo nh ngan xep.
3.
Lenh tr ve t chng trnh con :

Cu phap :
RET
Ma lenh :
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
Chc nang: Lenh nay se ket thuc chng trnh con, vi ieu khien se tr lai chng
trnh chnh e tiep tuc thc hien chng trnh.
Chu y: lenh nay se lay a ch cua lenh ke a lu trong bo nh ngan xep (khi thc
hien lenh goi) tra lai cho thanh ghi PC e tiep tuc thc hien chng trnh chnh. Khi
viet chng trnh con th phai luon luon ket thuc bang lenh ret.
4.
Lenh tr ve t chng trnh con phuc vu ngat :

Cu phap :
RETI
Ma lenh :
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
Chc nang: Lenh nay se ket thuc chng trnh phuc vu ngat, vi ieu khien se tr lai
chng trnh chnh e tiep tuc thc hien chng trnh.
5.
Lenh nhay dung a ch tuyet oi :

Cu phap :
Vi x ly
AJMP addr11
163
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Ma lenh :
a10 a9 a8 0
0
0 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 A3 a2 a1 a0
Y ngha cua lenh: vi ieu khien se nhay en a ch addr11 e thc hien chng
trnh tai o. Addr11 co the thay the bang nhan. Nhan hay a ch nhay en khong
qua 2 kbyte.
11 bit a ch A10 A0 c nap vao PC, cac bit cao cua PC khong thay oi, vi ieu
khien se nhay en thc hien lenh tai a ch PC mi va nap.
Lenh nay khac vi lenh goi chng trnh con la khong cat a ch tr ve. Ni nhay
en khong qua 2 kbyte so vi lenh nhay.
6.
Lenh nhay dung a ch 16 bit :

Cu phap :
LJMP addr16
Ma lenh :
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 0
a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Chc nang: vi ieu khien se nhay en a ch addr16 e thc hien chng trnh tai
o. Ni nhay en tuy y nam trong vung 64 kbyte.
7.
Lenh nhay tng oi :

Cu phap :
SJMP rel
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
Chc nang: vi ieu khien se nhay en lenh co a ch tng oi (rel) e thc hien
tiep. Co the thay the rel bang nhan.
Lenh nay ch nhay trong tam vc 256 byte: co the nhay ti 128 byte va co the nhay
lui 128 byte. Khi tam vc nhay xa hn ta nen dung lenh AJMP hay LJMP.
Chu y: rel [relative: tng oi]: cac lenh co xuat hien rel eu lien quan en lenh
nhay: ni nhay en c tnh bang cach lay noi dung cua PC cong vi so lng byte
cua cac lenh nam gia lenh nhay va ni nhay en. Chung ta khong can quan tam
en ieu nay v chng trnh bien dch cua may tnh se tnh giup chung ta.
8.
Lenh nhay gian tiep :

Cu phap :
JMP @A + DPTR
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
164
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Chc nang: lenh se nhay en ni co a ch bang noi dung cua A cong vi dptr e
tiep tuc thc hien chng trnh tai o.
9.
Lenh nhay neu c Z =1 (noi dung thanh ghi A bang 0) :

JZ rel
Cu phap :
(jump zero)
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
Chc nang: neu bit Z = 1 th vi ieu khien se nhay en thc hien chng trnh tai a
ch rel (thoa ieu kien), neu Z = 0 th vi ieu khien se tiep tuc thc hien lenh ke
(khong thoa ieu kien).
10.
Lenh nhay neu c Z = 0 (noi dung thanh ghi A khac 0):

Cu phap :
JNZ rel
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
Chc nang: neu Z = 0 th vi ieu khien se nhay en thc hien chng trnh tai a
ch rel.
11.
Lenh nhay neu bit carry = 1 :

Cu phap :
JC rel
Ma lenh :
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
Chc nang: neu bit carry C = 1 th vi ieu khien se nhay en thc hien chng trnh
tai a ch rel.
12.
Lenh nhay neu bit carry = 0 :

Cu phap :
JNC rel
Ma lenh :
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
Chc nang: neu bit carry C = 0 th vi ieu khien se nhay en thc hien chng trnh
tai a ch rel.
13.
Lenh nhay neu bit = 1 :

Cu phap :
JB bit, rel
Ma lenh :
Vi x ly
165
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
Chc nang: neu noi dung cua bit co a ch bit [c xac nh bi byte th 2] bang 1
th vi ieu khien se nhay en thc hien chng trnh tai a ch rel.
14.
Lenh nhay neu bit = 0 :

Cu phap :
JNB bit, rel
Ma lenh :
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
Chc nang: neu noi dung cua bit co a ch bit [c xac nh bi byte th 2] bang 0
th vi ieu khien se nhay en thc hien chng trnh tai a ch bang rel.
15.
Lenh nhay neu bit = 1 va xoa bit :

Cu phap :
JBC bit, rel
Ma lenh :
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
Chc nang: neu bit c xac nh bi byte th 2 bang 1 th bit nay c xoa ve 0 va
vi ieu khien se nhay en thc hien chng trnh tai a ch rel.
16.
Lenh so sanh o nh trc tiep vi noi dung thanh ghi A :

Cu phap :
CJNE A, direct, rel (compare jump if not equal)
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
Chc nang: lenh nay anh hng en c C va thc hien viec nhay nh sau:
9 Neu noi dung cua A noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct th bit C = 0.
9 Neu noi dung cua A < noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct th bit C = 1.
9 Neu noi dung cua A khac noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct th lenh se nhay
en va thc hien lenh tai a ch rel.
9 Neu noi dung cua A bang noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct th khong nhay
va lam lenh ke.
17.
166
Lenh so sanh d lieu tc thi vi noi dung thanh ghi A :

Vi x ly
Cu phap :
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
CJNE A, #data, rel
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
9 Neu noi dung cua A data 8 bit th bit C = 0.
9 Neu noi dung cua A < data 8 bit th bit C = 1.
9 Neu noi dung cua A khac data 8 bit th lenh se nhay en thc hien lenh tai a
ch rel.
9 Neu noi dung cua A bang data 8 bit th khong nhay va lam lenh ke.
18.
Lenh so sanh d lieu tc thi vi noi dung thanh ghi :

Cu phap :
CJNE Rn, #data, rel
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 1 1 n2 n1 n0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
9 Neu noi dung cua thanh ghi Rn data 8 bit th bit C = 0.
9 Neu noi dung cua thanh ghi Rn < data 8 bit th bit C = 1.
9 Neu noi dung cua thanh ghi Rn khac data 8 bit th lenh se nhay en thc hien
lenh tai a ch rel.
9 Neu noi dung cua thanh ghi Rn bang data 8 bit th khong nhay va lam lenh ke.
19.
Lenh so sanh d lieu tc thi vi d lieu gian tiep :

Cu phap :
CJNE @Ri, #data, rel
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 1 0 1 1
i
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
9 Neu noi dung cua o nh co a ch lu trong thanh ghi Ri data 8 bit th bit C = 0.
9 Neu noi dung cua o nh co a ch lu trong thanh ghi Ri < data 8 bit th bit C = 1.
9 Neu noi dung cua o nh co a ch lu trong thanh ghi Ri khac data 8 bit th lenh
se nhay en thc hien lenh tai a ch rel.
9 Neu noi dung cua o nh co a ch lu trong thanh ghi Ri bang data 8 bit th khong
nhay va lam lenh ke.
Vi x ly
167
20.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Lenh giam thanh ghi va nhay :

Cu phap :
DJNZ Rn, rel (decrement and jump if not zero)
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 1 1 n2 n1 n0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
Chc nang: Noi dung cua thanh ghi Rn giam i 1 va neu ket qua trong thanh ghi Rn
sau khi giam khac 0 th vi ieu khien se thc hien chng trnh tai a ch rel, neu
ket qua bang 0 th vi ieu khien se tiep tuc thc hien lenh ke.
21.
Lenh giam o nh trc tiep va nhay :

Cu phap :
DJNZ direct, rel
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0
Chc nang: Neu noi dung cua o nh co a ch direct giam i 1 va neu ket qua sau
khi giam khac 0 th vi ieu khien se thc hien chng trnh tai a ch rel, ngc lai
neu ket qua bang 0 th vi ieu khien se tiep tuc thc hien lenh ke.
22.
Lenh Nop :
Cu phap :
NOP
Ma lenh :
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chc nang: Noi dung cua PC tang len 1 va tiep tuc thc hien lenh tiep theo.
e. Nhom lenh x ly bit :
1.
Lenh xoa bit carry :

Cu phap :
CLR C
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
Chc nang: Xoa bit C ve 0.
2.
Lenh xoa bit :

Cu phap :
CLR bit
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
168
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Chc nang: Xoa bit co a ch c xac nh bi byte th 2 ve 0.
3.
Lenh at bit carry :

Cu phap :
SETB C
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
Chc nang: at bit C = 1.
4.
Lenh at bit :
Cu phap :
SETB bit
Ma lenh :
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 B3 b2 b1 b0
Chc nang: at bit co a ch c xac nh bi byte th 2 len 1.
5.
Lenh bu bit carry :

Cu phap :
CPL C
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
Chc nang: Bu bit carry, neu trc o C = 1 th C = 0, ngc lai C = 0 th C = 1.
6.
Lenh bu bit :
Cu phap :
CPL bit
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Chc nang: Bu bit co a ch xac nh bi byte th 2, neu trc o bit nay = 0 th ket
qua bit nay bang 1 va ngc lai neu trc o bang 1 th no se bang 0.
7.
Lenh and bit carry vi bit :

Cu phap :
ANL C, bit
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Chc nang: Bit C and vi bit co a ch c xac nh bi byte th 2, ket qua cha
bit C.
Vi x ly
169
8.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Lenh and bit carry vi bu bit :

Cu phap :
ANL C, /bit
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Chc nang: Bit C and vi bu bit co a ch c xac nh bi byte th 2, ket qua cha
bit C.
9.
Lenh or bit carry vi bit :

Cu phap :
ORL C, bit
Ma lenh :
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Chc nang: Bit C or vi bit co a ch c xac nh bi byte th 2, ket qua cha
bit C.
10.
Lenh or bit carry vi bu bit :

Cu phap :
ORL C, /bit
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Chc nang: Bit C or vi bu bit co a ch c xac nh bi byte th 2, ket qua cha
bit C.
11.
Lenh di chuyen bit vao bit carry :

Cu phap :
MOV C, bit
Ma lenh :
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Chc nang: Bit co a ch c xac nh bi byte th 2 c chuyen vao bit C.
12.
Lenh di chuyen bit carry vao bit :

Cu phap :
MOV bit, C
Ma lenh :
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Chc nang: Bit C c chuyen vao bit co a ch c xac nh bi byte th 2.
170
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
4. TOM TAT TAP LENH VI IEU KHIEN MCS51

Data Transfer Instructions.
Mnemonic
MOV A,Rn
MOV A,direct
MOV A,@Ri
MOV A, #data
MOV Rn, A
MOV Rn,direct
MOV Rn #data
MOV direct,A
MOV direct,Rn
MOV direct,direct
MOV direct,@Ri
MOV direct,#data
MOV @Ri, A
MOV @Ri, direct
MOV @Ri, #data
MOV dptr,#data16
MOVC A, @A +
dptr
MOVC A, @A +
PC
MOVX A, @Ri
Instruction code
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1 1 1 0 1 n2 n1 n0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 I
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
1 1 1 1 1 n2 n1 n0
1 0 1 0 1 n2 n1 n0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 1 1 1 1 n2 n1 n0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
1 0 0 0 1 n2 n1 n0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 I
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 I
1 0 1 0 0 1 1 I
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 i
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
Hexa
decimal
E8 EF
E5
Byte 2
E6 E7
74
Byte 2
F8 FF
A8 AF
Byte 2
78 7F
Byte 2
F5
Byte 2
88 8F
Byte 2
85
Byte 2
Byte 3
86 87
Byte 2
75
Byte 2
Byte 3
F6 F7
A6 A7
Byte 2
76 77
Byte 2
90
Byte 2
Byte 3
93
83
E2 E3
MOVX A,@dptr
E0
MOVX @Ri, A
MOVX @ dptr, A
1 1 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0
i
0
F2 F3
F0
Vi x ly
Explanation
(A) (Rn)
(A) (direct)
(A) ((Ri))
(A) #data
(Rn) (A)
(Rn) (direct)
(Rn) #data
(direct) (A)
(direct) (Rn)
(direct) (direct)
(source)
(destination)
(direct) ((Ri))
(direct) #data
((Ri)) (A)
((Ri)) (direct)
((Ri)) (data)
(dptr) #data 15-0
(dpH) #data 15-8
(dpL) #data 7-0
(A) ((A) + (dptr))
External Ram
(A) ((A) + (PC))
External Ram
(A)((Ri))
External Ram
(A)((dptr))
External Ram
((Ri)) (A)
((dptr)) (A)
171

PUSH direct
POP direct
XCH A, Rn
XCH A, direct
XCH A, @Ri
XCHD A, @Ri
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

0
a0
0
a0
n0
1
a0
i
i
C0
Byte 2
D0
Byte 2
C8 CF
C5
Byte 2
C6 C7
D6 D7
(SP) (SP) + 1
((SP)) (direct)
(direct) ((SP))
(SP)
(SP) - 1
(A) (Rn)
(A) (direct)
Instruction code
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
0 0 1 0 1 n2 n1 n0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 I
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
0 0 1 1 1 n2 n1 n0
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 0 1 1 0 1 1 I
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
1 0 0 1 1 n2 n1 n0
1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 I
1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 n2 n1 n0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 I
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 n2 n1 n0
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 0 0 1 0 1 1 I
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
Hexa
Decimal
28 2F
25
Byte 2
26 27
24
Byte 2
38 3F
35
Byte 2
36 37
34
Byte 2
98 9F
95
Byte 2
96 97
94
Byte 2
04
08 0F
05
Byte 2
06 07
A3
14
18 1F
15
Byte 2
16 17
A4
84
D4
Explanation
1
a7
1
a7
1
1
a7
1
1
1
a6
1
a6
1
1
a6
1
1
0
a5
0
a5
0
0
a5
0
0
0
a4
1
a4
0
0
a4
0
1
0
a3
0
a3
1
0
a3
0
0
0
a2
0
a2
n2
1
a2
1
1
0
a1
0
a1
n1
0
a1
1
1
(A) ((Ri))
(A3-0) ((Ri3-0))
Mathematical (Arithmetic) Instructions.

Mnemonic
ADD A,Rn
ADD A,direct
ADD A,@Ri
ADD A,#data
ADDC A, Rn
ADDC A, direct
ADDC A, @Ri
ADDC A, #data
SUBB A,Rn
SUBB A,direct
SUBB A,@Ri
SUBB A,#data
INC A
INC Rn
INC direct
INC @Ri
INC dptr
DEC A
DEC Rn
DEC direct
DEC @Ri
MUL AB
DIV AB
DA A
172
(A) (A) + (Rn)

(A) (A) + (direct)
(A) (A) + ((Ri))
(A) (A) + #data
(A) (A) + (Rn) + (C)
(A) (A) + (direct) + (C)
(A) (A) + ((Ri)) + (C)
(A) (A) + #data +(C)
(A) (A) - (Rn) - (C)
(A) (A) - (direct) - (C)
(A) (A) - ((Ri)) - (C)
(A) (A) - #data -(C)
(A) (A) + 1
(Rn) (Rn) + 1
(direct) (direct) + 1
((Ri)) ((Ri)) + 1
(dptr) (dptr) + 1
(A) (A) - 1
(Rn) (Rn) - 1
(direct) (direct) - 1
((Ri)) ((Ri)) - 1
(B15-8),(A7-0) (A)(B)
(A15-8),(B7-0) (A)/(B)
Content of A la BCD
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Logic Instructions.
Mnemonic
ANL A,Rn
ANL A,direct
ANL A,@Ri
ANL A,#data
ANL direct, A
ANL direct, #data
ORL A, Rn
ORL A, direct
ORL A, @Ri
ORL A, #data
ORL direct, A
ORL direct, #data
XRL A, Rn
XRL A, direct
XRL A, @Ri
XRL A, #data
XRL direct, A
XRL direct, #data
CLR A
CPL A
Instruction code
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
0 1 0 1 1 n2 n1 n0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 I
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
0 1 0 0 1 n2 n1 n0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 I
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
0 1 1 0 1 n2 n1 n0
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 I
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
Hexa
Decimal
58 5F
55
Byte 2
56 57
54
Byte 2
52
Byte 2
53
Byte 2
Byte 3
48 4F
45
Byte 2
46 47
44
Byte 2
42
Byte 2
43
Byte 2
Byte 3
68 6F
65
Byte 2
66 67
64
Byte 2
62
Byte 2
63
Byte 2
Byte 3
E4
F4
RL A
23
RLC A
33
RR A
03
Vi x ly
Explanation
(A) (A) AND (Rn)
(A) (A) AND (direct)
(A) (A) AND ((Ri))
(A) (A) AND #data
(direct)(direct) and (A)
(direct)(direct) and
#data
(A) (A) OR (Rn)
(A) (A) OR (direct)
(A) (A) OR ((Ri))
(A) (A) OR #data
(direct)(direct) OR (A)
(direct)(direct) OR
#data
(A) (A) XOR (Rn)
(A) (A) XOR (direct)
(A) (A) XOR ((Ri))
(A) (A) XOR #data
(direct)(direct) XOR (A)
(direct)(direct) XOR
#data
(A) 0
(A) (A) lenh not hay
bu 1
The contents of the
accumulator are rotated
left by one bit.
The contents of the
accumulator and carry
are rotated left by one bit.
The contents of the
accumulator are rotated
173
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
RRC A
13
SWAP A
C4
right by one bit.

The contents of the
accumulator and carry
are rotated right by one
bit.
(A3-0) (A7-4)
Control Transfer Instructions.

Instruction code
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
A10 a9 a8 1 0 0 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Hexa
decimal
Byte 1
Byte 2
LCALL addr 16
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
12
Byte 2
Byte 3
RET
22
RETI
32
Mnemonic
ACALL addr 11
a10 a9 a8 0 0 0 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r 1 r0
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r 1 r0
Byte
Byte
02
Byte
Byte
80
Byte
73
60
Byte
JNZ rel
0 1 1 1 0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3
0 0 0
r2 r 1 r0
70
Byte 2
JC rel
0 1 0 0 0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3
0 0 0
r2 r 1 r0
40
Byte 2
AJMP addr 11
LJMP addr 16
SJMP rel
JMP @A + dptr
JZ rel
174
1
2
2
3
2
Explanation
(PC) (PC) + 2
(SP) (SP) + 1
((SP)) (PC7-0)
(SP) (SP) + 1
((SP)) (PC15-8)
(PC) page address
(PC) (PC) + 3
(SP) (SP) + 1
((SP)) (PC7-0)
(SP) (SP) + 1
((SP)) (PC15-8)
(PC) addr15-0
(PC15-8) ((SP))
(SP) (SP) - 1
(PC7-0) ((SP))
(SP) (SP) - 1
(PC15-8) ((SP))
(SP) (SP) - 1
(PC7-0) ((SP))
(SP) (SP) - 1
(PC) (PC) + 2
(PC) page address
(PC) addr15-0
(PC) (PC) + 2
(PC) (PC) + rel
(PC) (A) + (dptr)
(PC) (PC) + 2
IF (A) = 0 then (PC)(PC)
+ rel
(PC) (PC) + 2
IF (A) 0 then (PC)(PC) +
rel
(PC) (PC) + 2
IF (C) = 1 then (PC)(PC) +
rel
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
JNC rel
0 1 0 1 0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3
JB bit, rel
0 0
b7 b6
r7 r6
0 0
b7 b6
r7 r6
0 0
b7 b6
r7 r6
1 0
a7 a6
r7 r6
20
Byte 2
Byte 3
30
Byte 2
Byte 3
10
Byte 2
Byte 3
B5
Byte 2
Byte 3
CJNE A, #data, rel
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r 1 r0
B4
Byte 2
Byte 3
CJNE Rn,#data, rel
1 0 1 1 0 n2 n1 n0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r 1 r0
B8 BF
Byte 2
Byte 3
CJNE @Ri,#data,
rel
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r 1 r0
B6 B7
Byte 2
Byte 3
DJNZ Rn, rel
1 1 0 1 1 n2 n1 n0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r 1 r0
D8 DF
Byte 2
DJNZ direct, rel
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r 1 r0
D5
Byte 2
Byte 3
JBC bit, rel
CJNE A, direct, rel
Vi x ly
0
b4
r4
1
b4
r4
1
b4
r4
1
a4
r4
0
b3
r3
0
b3
r3
0
b3
r3
0
a3
r3
0
b2
r2
0
b2
r2
0
b2
r2
1
a2
r2
0
b1
r1
0
b1
r1
0
b1
r1
0
a1
r1
50
Byte 2
0
b0
r0
0
b0
r0
0
b0
r0
1
a0
r0
JNB bit, rel
1
b5
r5
1
b5
r5
0
b5
r5
1
a5
r5
0 0 0
r2 r 1 r0
(PC) (PC) + 2
IF (C) = 0 then (PC)(PC) +
rel
(PC) (PC) + 3
IF (bit) =1 then (PC)(PC)
+ rel
(PC) (PC) + 3
IF (bit) = 0 then (PC)(PC)
+ rel
(PC) (PC) + 3
IF (bit)= 1 then (bit) 0
(PC)(PC) + rel
(PC) (PC) + 3
IF (direct) < (A) then (C)0
and
(PC)(PC) + rel
IF (direct) > (A) then (C)1
and
(PC)(PC) + rel
(PC) (PC) + 3
IF #data < (A) then (C)0
and
(PC)(PC) + rel
IF #data > (A) then (C)1
and
(PC)(PC) + rel
(PC) (PC) + 3
IF #data < (Rn) then (C)0
and
(PC)(PC) + rel
IF #data > (Rn) then (C)1
and
(PC)(PC) + rel
(PC) (PC) + 3
IF #data <((Ri)) then (C)0
and
(PC)(PC) + rel
IF #data >((Ri)) then (C)1
and
(PC)(PC) + rel
(PC) (PC) + 2
(Rn) (Rn) 1
IF ((Rn)) 0 then
(PC)(PC) + rel
(PC) (PC) + 3
(direct) (direct) 1
IF (direct) 0 then
(PC)(PC) + rel
175

NOP
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

0
00
(PC) (PC) + 1
Bit Oriented Instructions.

Mnemonic
CLR C
CLR bit
SETB C
SETB bit
CPL C
CPL bit
ANL C,bit
ANL C,/bit
ORL C,bit
ORL C,/bit
MOV C,bit
MOV bit,C
Instruction code
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Hexa
decimal
C3
C2
Byte 2
D3
D2
Byte 2
B3
B2
Byte 2
1
b7
1
b7
0
b6
0
b6
0
b5
1
b5
0
b4
1
b4
0
b3
0
b3
0
b2
0
b2
1
b1
0
b1
0
b0
0
b0
82
Byte 2
B0
Byte 2
0
b7
1
b7
1
b6
0
b6
1
b5
1
b5
1
b4
0
b4
0
b3
0
b3
0
b2
0
b2
1
b1
0
b1
0
b0
0
b0
72
Byte 2
A0
Byte 2
1
b7
1
b7
0
b6
0
b6
1
b5
0
b5
0
b4
1
b4
0
b3
0
b3
0
b2
0
b2
1
b1
1
b1
0
b0
0
b0
A2
Byte 2
92
Byte 2
Explanation
(C) 0
(bit) 0
(C) 1
(bit) 1
(C) (C)
(bit) ( bit )
(C) (C) AND (bit)
(C) (C) AND ( bit )

(C) (C) OR (bit)
(C) (C) OR
(C) (bit)
( bit )
(bit) (C)
Bang 4-5. Tom tat tap lenh vi ieu khien MCS51.
V. BO NH THI TIMER TRONG VI IEU KHIEN MCS51

1. GII THIEU:
Trong vi ieu khien MCS51 co 2 timer/counter T0 va T1, con MCS52 th co 3 timer/counter.
Cac timer hay counter ch la mot va chnh la bo em co chc nang em xung.
Neu ta s dung che o timer th thi gian nh thi nhan vi chu ky cua moi xung se tao ra
lng thi gian can thiet che o timer vi ieu khien thng em xung noi lay t mach dao
ong ben trong vi ieu khien co chu ky on nh. Che o timer dung e nh thi gian chnh xac e
ieu khien cac thiet b theo thi gian.
Neu chung ta s dung che o counter th ta ch can quan tam en so lng xung em c
khong can quan tam en chu ky cua xung em. Che o counter thng th em xung nhan t ben
ngoai a en ngo vao T0 oi vi timer/counter th 0 va ngo vao T1 oi vi timer/counter th 1.
em xung t ben ngoai con goi la em s kien. Mot ng dung cho che o counter la co the s
dung vi ieu khien lam cac mach em san pham.
176
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
en ay ta co the xem timer hay counter la 1 va chu y rang tai moi mot thi iem ta ch s
dung mot trong 2 hoac la timer hoac la counter.
Cac timer/counter cua vi ieu khien s dung 16 flip flop nen ta goi la timer/counter 16 bit va
so lng xung ma timer/ counter co the em c tnh theo so nh phan bat au t 0000 0000 0000
00002 en 1111 1111 1111 11112 , neu viet theo so thap luc phan th bat au t 0000H en FFFFH
va neu tnh theo gia tr thap phan th bat au t 0 en 65535.
Khi at en gia tr cc ai va neu co them 1 xung na th bo em se b tran, khi b tran th
gia tr em se t ong ve 0 (giong nh mach em nh phan 4 bit khi em len 1111 va neu co 1
xung na th gia tr em ve 0000) va c tran cua timer/counter len 1 e bao hieu timer/counter a
b tran (trc khi em th phai xoa c tran).
Ngi lap trnh s dung trang thai c tran len 1 e re nhanh hoat cham dt thi gian can thiet
a nh e chuyen sang lam mot cong viec khac, khi c tran len 1 se tao ra ngat cung e re nhanh
chng trnh e thc hien mot chng trnh khac ban se nam ro phan ng dung.
Cac gia tr em c cua timer/counter T0 th lu trong 2 thanh ghi TH0 va TL0 moi thanh
ghi 8 bit ket hp lai thanh 16 bit.
Tng t, cac gia tr em c cua timer/counter T1 th lu trong 2 thanh ghi TH1 va TL1
moi thanh ghi 8 bit ket hp lai thanh 16 bit.
Ngoai cac thanh ghi lu tr so xung em va gii thieu th con co 2 thanh ghi ho tr kem
theo: thanh ghi TMOD va thanh ghi TCON dung e thiet lap nhieu che o hoat ong khac nhau
cho timer e ap ng c s a dang cac yeu cau ng dung trong thc te.
Bang 4-6 se liet ke ten, chc nang, a ch cua cac thanh ghi lien quan en cac timer/counter
cua vi ieu khien 89C51.
Ten
Chc nang
a ch
Cho phep truy xuat bit
TCON
Control
88H
YES
TMOD
Mode
89H
NO
TL0
Timer 0 low-byte
8AH
NO
TL1
Timer 1 low-byte
8BH
NO
TH0
Timer 0 high-byte
8CH
NO
TH1
Timer 1 high-byte
8DH
NO
Bang 4-6. Cac thanh ghi timer vi ieu khien MCS51.
2. THANH GHI CHON KIEU LAM VIEC CHO TIMER MODE REGISTER:
TIMER 0
GATE
C /T
M1
TIMER 1
M0
GATE
C /T
M1
M0
Thanh ghi TMOD gom hai nhom 4 bit: 4 bit thap dung e thiet lap cac che o hoat ong cho
T0 va 4 bit cao thiet lap cac che o hoat ong cho T1.
Cac bit cua thanh ghi TMOD c tom tat nh bang 4-7 :
Vi x ly
177
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bit
Ten
Timer
Chc nang
GATE
Neu GATE = 1 th Timer 1 ch lam viec khi INT1= 1.
C/T
Bit la chon counter hay timer:

C/T = 1 : em xung t ben ngoai a en ngo vao T1.
C/T = 0 : nh thi em xung noi ben trong.
M1
Bit chon mode cua Timer 1.
M0
GATE
Neu GATE = 1 th Timer 0 ch lam viec khi INT0= 1.
C/T
Bit la chon counter hay timer: giong nh tren.
M1
M0

Bang 4-7. Cac bit trong thanh ghi TMOD.
Hai bit M0 va M1 tao ra 4 trang thai tng ng vi 4 kieu lam viec khac nhau cua T0 hoac
cua T1 nh bang 4-8.
M1
0
0
1
M0
0
1
0
Kieu
0
1
2
Chc nang
Mode Timer 13 bit (mode 8048)
Mode Timer 16 bit
Mode t ong nap 8 bit
Mode tach Timer ra :
Timer0 : c tach ra lam 2 timer 8 bit gom co:
Timer 8 bit TL0 c ieu khien bi cac bit cua T0.
Timer 8 bit TH0 c ieu khien bi cac bit cua T1.
Timer1 : khong c hoat ong mode 3.
Bang 4-8. Cac bit chon mode trong thanh ghi TMOD.
3. THANH GHI IEU KHIEN TIMER CONTROL REGISTER:

Thanh ghi ieu khien tcon cha cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien cho T0 va T1.
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Hoat ong cua tng bit cua thanh ghi tcon c tom tat nh bang 4-9:
Bit
K
hieu
a
ch
TF1
8FH
C tran Timer 1: TF1 = 1 khi timer 1 b tran va xoa bang phan mem hoac khi
vi ieu khien thc hien chng trnh con phuc vu ngat timer1 th t ong xoa
luon c tran TF1.
TR1
8EH
Bit ieu khien Timer 1 em / ngng em:

TR1 = 1 th timer 1 c phep em xung.
TR1 = 0 th timer 1 khong c phep em xung (ngng).
TF0
8DH
C tran Timer 0 (hoat ong tng t TF1)
178
Chc nang
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
TR0
8CH
Bit ieu khien Timer 0 (giong TR1)
IE1
8BH
C bao ngat INT1. Khi co ngat xay ra ngo vao INT1 (canh xuong) th c IE1
tac ong len mc 1.
Khi vi ieu khien thc hien chng trnh con phuc vu ngat INT1 th t ong
xoa luon c bao ngat IE1.
IT1
8AH
Bit ieu khien cho phep ngat INT1 tac ong bang mc hay bang canh.
IT1 = 0 th ngat INT1 tac ong bang mc.
IT1 = 1 th ngat INT1 tac ong bang canh xuong.
IE0
89H
Giong nh IE1 nhng phuc vu cho ngat INT0
IT0
88H
Giong nh IT1 nhng phuc vu cho ngat INT0

Bang 4-9. Cac bit trong thanh ghi TCON.
4. CAC KIEU HOAT ONG CUA TIMER VA C TRAN:

MCS51 co 2 timer la T0 va T1. Ta dung ky hieu TLx va THx e ch 2 thanh ghi byte thap
va byte cao cua Timer0 hoac Timer1. Nh a trnh bay tren cac timer co 4 kieu hoat ong, phan
nay ta se khao sat chi tiet cac kieu hoat ong cua timer.
1.
MODE 0 (Mode Timer 13 bit) :
Mode 0 la mode em 13 bit: trong o 8 bit cao s dung het 8 bit cua thanh ghi THx, 5 bit con
lai ch s dung 5 bit trong so thap cua thanh ghi TLx, con 3 bit cao cua TLx khong dung nh hnh
4-11.
mode nay gia tr em ln nhat la 213 = 8192 tc em t 0 0000 0000 00002 en 1 1111
1111 11112 va neu co them mot xung na th bo em se tran va lam cho c tran len 1. Neu trong
chng trnh co cho phep timer ngat th ngat se tac ong.
Hnh 4-11. Timer 1 hoat ong mode 0.
2.
MODE 1 (Mode Timer 16 bit) :
Mode 1 la mode em 16 bit. mode nay gia tr em la ln nhat la 216 . Timer hoat ong
mode 1 giong nh mode 0 ch khac la mode 1 em 16bit.
3.
MODE 2 (Mode Timer t ong nap 8 bit) :
Mode 2 la mode t ong nap 8 bit, byte thap TLx cua Timer hoat ong nh mot Timer 8 bit
trong khi byte cao THx cua Timer dung e lu tr gia tr e nap lai cho thanh ghi TLx.
Vi x ly
179
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Khi bo em TLx chuyen trang thai t FFH sang 00H: th c tran c set va gia tr lu trong
THx c nap vao TLx. Bo em TLx tiep tuc em t gia tr va nap t THx len va cho en khi co
chuyen trang thai t FFH sang 00H ke tiep va c the tiep tuc. S o minh hoa cho timer hoat ong
mode 2 nh hnh 4-12.
4.
MODE 3 (Mode Timer tach ra) :
Mode 3 la mode Timer 0 tach ra lam 2 timer cung vi timer 1 tao thanh 3 timer.
Khi Timer0 nh cau hnh mode 3 th timer0 c chia la 2 timer 8 bit TL0 va TH0 hoat
ong nh nhng Timer rieng le va s dung cac bit TF0 va TF1 lam cac bit c tran tng ng nh
hnh 4-13.
Timer 1 khong the s dung mode 3, nhng co the c khi ong trong cac mode khac va
khong the bao tran v c tran TF1 a dung e bao tran cho timer TH0.
Khi timer 0 hoat ong Mode 3 se cung cap them 1 Timer 8 bit th ba. Khi Timer 0 mode
3 th Timer 1 co the hoat ong nh la mot bo dao ong thiet lap toc o Baud phuc vu cho Port noi
180
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
tiep e truyen va nhan d lieu, hoac no co the dung trong cac ng dung ma khong s dung che o
bao tran va bao ngat. S o minh hoa cho timer hoat ong mode 3 nh hnh 4-13.
5. CAC NGUON XUNG EM: :
Timer/counter co the em xung t hai nguon: neu timer/counter s dung che o nh thi
timer th se em xung ben trong (xung noi) a biet tan so, neu timer/counter s dung che o
counter th se em xung t ben ngoai nh hnh 4-14. Bit C / T trong TMOD cho phep chon che o
timer hay counter khi khi tao thanh ghi tmod.
Hnh 4-14. Cac nguon xung a en timer / counter.
1.
em thi gian:
Neu bit C / T = 0 th Timer hoat ong em xung noi lien tuc lay t dao ong tren Chip. Tan
so ngo vao tu thach anh c a qua mot mach chia 12 e giam tan so phu hp vi cac ng dung.
Neu dung thach anh 12MHz th sau khi qua bo chia 12, tan so a en bo em timer la 1MHz.
Timer se sinh ra tran khi no a em u so xung tng ng thi gian qui nh, phu thuoc vao
gia tr khi tao c nap vao cac thanh ghi THx va TLx.
2.
em cac s kien ben ngoai (Event Counting):
Neu bit C / T = 1 th Timer hoat ong em xung en t ben ngoai va chu ky cua moi xung
do nguon tao tn hieu ben ngoai quyet nh. Hoat ong nay thng dung e em cac s kien. So
lng cac s kien c lu tr trong thanh ghi cua cac Timer.
Nguon xung clock ben ngoai a vao chan P3.4 la ngo nhap xung clock cua Timer0 (T0) va
P3.5 la ngo nhap xung clock cua Timer1 (T1).
Trong cac ng dung em xung t ben ngoai: cac thanh ghi Timer se tang gia tr em khi
xung ngo vao Tx chuyen trang thai t 1 sang 0 (tac ong xung clock canh xuong). Ngo vao nhan
xung ben ngoai c lay mau trong suot khoang thi gian S5P2 cua moi chu ky may, do o khi
xung mc 1 trong mot chu ky nay va chuyen sang mc 0 trong mot chu ky ke th bo em tang len
mot. e nhan ra s chuyen oi t 1 sang 0 phai mat 2 chu ky may, nen tan so xung ben ngoai ln
nhat la 500KHz neu he thong vi ieu khien s dung dao ong thach anh 12 MHz.
6. IEU KHIEN CAC TIMER HOAT ONG :
Bit TRx trong thanh ghi TCON c ieu khien bi phan mem e cho phep cac Timer bat
au qua trnh em hoac ngng.
e bat au cho cac Timer em th phai set bit TRx bang lenh:
Vi x ly
181
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
SETB TR0
; cho phep timer T0 bat au em
SETB TR1
; cho phep timer T1 bat au em
e cac Timer ngng em ta dung lenh Clear bit TRx.

V du Timer 0 bat au bi lenh SETB TR0 va ngng em bi lenh CLR TR0.
Bit TRx b xoa khi reset he thong, do o che o mac nh khi m may cac Timer b cam.
Mot phng phap khac e ieu khien cac Timer la dung bit GATE trong thanh ghi TMOD va
ngo nhap ben ngoai INTx nh hnh 4-15. Phng phap nay c dung e o cac o rong xung.
Gia s xung can o o rong a vao chan INT0, ta phai khi tao Timer 0 hoat ong mode
1 la mode Timer 16 bit vi gia tr khi tao ban au la TL0/TH0 = 0000H, bit GATE = 1, bit TR0 =
1. Khi xung a en ngo vao INT0 = 1 th cong c m e cho xung noi co tan so 1MHz vao
timer 0. Qua trnh timer 0 em xung noi se dng lai cho en khi xung a en ngo vao INT0
xuong mc 0. Thi gian em c cua timer 0 chnh la o rong xung can o.
Hnh 4-15. o o rong xung t ben ngoai.
7. KHI TAO VA TRUY XUAT CAC THANH GHI CUA TIMER/COUNTER :

Cac Timer thng c khi tao 1 lan au chng trnh e thiet lap mode hoat ong phuc
vu cho cac ng dung ieu khien lien quan en nh thi hay em xung ngoai. Tuy thuoc vao yeu
cau ieu khien cu the ma ta ieu khien cac timer bat au em, ngng hay khi ong em lai t
au
Thanh ghi TMOD la thanh ghi au tien can phai khi tao e thiet lap mode hoat ong cho
cac Timer. V du khi ong cho Timer0 hoat ong mode 1 (mode Timer 16 bit) va hoat ong
nh thi em xung noi ben trong th ta khi tao bang lenh: MOV TMOD, #00000001B. Trong lenh
nay M1 = 0, M0 = 1 e vao mode 1 va C / T = 0, GATE = 0 e cho phep em xung noi ben trong
ong thi xoa cac bit mode cua Timer 1. Sau lenh tren Timer 0 van cha em va timer 0 ch em
khi set bit ieu khien chay TR0.
182
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Neu ta khong thiet lap cac gia tr bat au em cho cac thanh ghi TLx/THx th Timer se bat
au em t 0000H len va khi chuyen trang thai t FFFFH sang 0000H se sinh ra tran lam cho bit
TFx = 1 roi tiep tuc em t 0000H len tiep . . .
Neu ta thiet lap gia tr bat au em cho TLx/THx khac 0000H, th Timer se bat au em t
gia tr thiet lap o len nhng khi chuyen trang thai t FFFFH sang 0000H th timer lai em t
0000H len.
e timer luon bat au em t gia tr ta gan th ta co the lap trnh ch sau moi lan tran ta se
xoa c TFx va gan lai gia tr cho TLx/THx e Timer luon luon bat au em t gia tr khi gan len.
ac biet neu bo nh thi hoat ong trong pham vi nho hn 256 s th ta nen dung Timer
mode 2 (t ong nap 8 bit). Sau khi khi tao gia tr au cho thanh ghi THx, va TLx, khi set bit TRx
th Timer se bat au em t gia tr a gan trong TLX va khi tran t FFH sang 00H trong TLx, th
c tran TFx t ong c set, ong thi gia tr trong Thx t ong nap sang cho TLx va Timer bat
au em t gia tr khi gan nay len. Noi cach khac, sau moi lan tran ta khong can khi gan lai cho
cac thanh ghi Timer ma chung van em c lai t gia tr a gan.
V du 47:
Chng trnh tao xung vuong tan so 1kHz s dung timer1 mode1:
Tan so 1KHz = 1000Hz th chu ky T = 1ms = 1000s. Thi gian mc 0 bang thi gian
mc 1 bang 500s. S dung thach anh 12 MHz nen moi chu ky la 1s, e em 500 xung th ta co
the chon nh cau hnh timer mode 0 hoac mode 1 eu c. Ngo ra xung la bit P1.0.
LOOP1:
MOV
MOV
MOV
SETB
JNB
CLR
CPL
SJMP
TMOD,#01H
TH0,#HIGH(-500)
TL0,#LOW(-500)
TR0
TF0,$
TF0
P1.0
LOOP1
;chon mode 1 timer 0 em 16 bit

;o rong xung 500s
;
;cho timer bat au em
;ch bao ngat
;xoa c ngat
;nghch ao bit p1.0
;quay tr lai thc hien tiep
V du 48:
Chng trnh tao xung vuong tan so 10 kHz s dung timer mode2:
Tan so 10KHz = 10000Hz th chu ky T = 100s. Thi gian mc 0 bang thi gian mc 1
bang 50s. S dung thach anh 12 MHz nen moi chu ky la 1s, e em 50 xung th ta co the chon
nh cau hnh timer mode 2.
LOOP:
MOV
MOV
SETB
JNB
CLR
CPL
SJMP
TMOD,#02H
TH0,#-50
TR0
TF0,$
TF0
P1.0
LOOP
;chon mode 2 che o t ong nap lai 8 bit

;tao o rong xung 50s
;cho timer bat au em
;ch bao ngat
;xoa c ngat
;nghch ao bit p1.0
;tr lai loop
8. TIMER/COUNTER T2 CUA VI IEU KHIEN HO MCS52:

Ho vi ieu khien MCS52 co 3 timer T0, T1, T2. Cac timer T0 va T1 co cac thanh ghi va hoat
ong giong nh ho 51. ay ch trnh bay them phan hoat ong cua timer T2.
Vi x ly
183
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Cac thanh ghi cua timer/counter T2 bao gom: thanh ghi TL2, TH2, thanh ghi ieu khien
T2CON, thanh ghi RCAP2L va RCAP2H.
Timer/counter T2 co the dung e nh thi timer hoac dung nh bo em counter e em
xung ngoai a en ngo vao T2 chnh la chan P1.0 cua port 1 nh hnh 4-16.
Timer/counter T2 co 3 kieu hoat ong: t ong nap lai, thu nhan va thiet lap toc o baud e
phuc vu cho truyen d lieu.
Chc nang cua thanh ghi ieu khien T2CON nh bang 4-10:
Bit
7
K hieu
TF2
a ch
CFH
EXF2
CEH
RCLK
CDH
TCLK
CCH
EXEN2
CBH
TR2
CAH
C/T2
C9H
CP/RL2
C8H
Chc nang
C tran Timer 2: hoat ong giong nh cac timer tren (TF2 se
khong c thiet lap len mc 1 neu bit TCLK hoac RCLK
mc 1).
C ngoai cua timer T2: ch c set khi xay ra s thu nhan hoac
nap lai d lieu bi s chuyen trang thai t 1 sang 0 ngo vao
T2EX va EXEN2 = 1; khi cho phep timer T2 ngat, EXF2=1 th
CPU se thc hien chng trnh con phuc vu ngat Timer T2, bit
EXF2 co the bang phan mem.
Xung clock thu cua timer 2. Khi RCLK=1 th timer T2 cung cap
toc o baud cho port noi tiep e nhan d lieu ve va timer T1 se
cung cap toc o baud cho port noi tiep e phat d lieu i.
Xung clock phat cua timer 2. Khi TCLK=1 th timer T2 cung cap
toc o baud cho port noi tiep e phat d lieu i va timer T1 se
cung cap toc o baud cho port noi tiep e nhan d lieu ve.
Bit ieu khien cho phep tac ong t ben ngoai. Khi EXEN2 = 1
th hoat ong thu nhan va nap lai cua timer T2 ch xay ra khi ngo
vao T2EX co s chuyen trang thai t 1 sang 0.
Bit ieu khien Timer 1 em / ngng em:
TR2 = 1 th timer 1 c phep em xung.
TR2 = 0 th timer 1 khong c phep em xung (ngng).
Dung lenh ieu khien bit TR2 e cho phep timer1 em hay
ngng em.
Bit la chon counter hay timer:
C/T2 = 1 : em xung t ben ngoai a en ngo vao T2.
C/T2 = 0 : nh thi em xung noi ben trong.
C thu nhan/nap lai d lieu cua timer T2.
Khi bit nay = 1 th thu nhan ch xay ra khi co s chuyen trang
thai t 1 sang 0 ngo vao T2EX va EXEN2=1; khi bit nay = 0
th qua trnh t ong nap lai khi timer T2 tran hoac khi co s
chuyen trang thai ngo vao T2EX va bit EXEN2 = 1; neu bit
RCLK hoac TCLK = 1 th bit nay xem nh bo.
Bang 4-10. Cac bit trong thanh ghi T2CON.
184
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 4-16. S o chan cua 89C52 vi ngo vao T2 la P1.0 va T2EX la P1.1 .
a.
Che o t ong nap lai:
Bit thu nhan/nap lai CP / RL 2 la chon mot trong hai che o: t ong nap lai va thu nhan.
Khi CP / RL 2 = 0 th timer hoat ong che o t ong nap lai: cac thanh ghi TL2, TH2 se lu tr
so xung em con 2 thanh ghi RCAP2L va RCAP2H lu tr gia tr e nap lai cho TL2, TH2. Gia tr
lu va nap lai la 16 bit.
Khi timer em tran th lam cho c bao tran TF2 bang 1 ong thi t ong thc hien nap lai
d lieu.
Tng t neu bit EXEN2 = 1 th che o t ong nap lai xay ra khi co s chuyen trang thai t
1 sang 0 ngo vao T2EX ong thi lam cho bit EXF2 = 1. Tng t nh c TF2 th c EXF2 cung
co the c kiem tra bang phan mem hoac tao ngat. Bit EXF2 phai xoa bang phan mem. Hoat
ong t nap cua timer T2 c trnh bay nh hnh 4-17.
Hnh 4-17. Hoat ong cua timer T2 che o t ong nap lai.
Vi x ly
185
b.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Che o thu nhan:
Khi CP / RL 2 = 1 th timer hoat ong che o thu nhan. Khi o timer T2 hoat ong bnh
thng nh mot timer/counter 16 bit, thanh ghi TL2, TH2 se lu tr xung em va neu co s chuyen
trang thai t FFFFH sang 0000H th se sinh ra tran va lam cho c tran TF2=1. Bit c tran co the
kiem tra bang phan mem hay co the tao ra ngat.
Hnh 4-18. Hoat ong cua timer T2 che o Thu nhan d lieu.
e cho phep che o thu nhan hoat ong th lam cho bit EXEN2 = 1. Neu bit EXEN2 = 1 va
khi co s chuyen trang trai t 1 sang 0 ngo vao T2EX th che o thu nhan se xay ra: gia tr em
c trong thanh ghi TL2, TH2 se c chuyen sang 2 thanh ghi RCAP2L va RCAP2H. C EXF2
cung c chuyen len mc 1 e bao hieu qua trnh thu nhan a xay ra, c EXF2 co the kiem tra
bang phan mem hoac tao ngat.
Hoat ong thu nhan d lieu cua timer T2 c trnh bay hnh 4-18.
VI. HOAT ONG TRUYEN D LIEU CUA VI IEU KHIEN MCS51
1. GII THIEU:
Truyen d lieu noi tiep cua MCS51 co the hoat ong nhieu kieu rieng biet trong pham vi
cho phep cua tan so. D lieu dang song song c chuyen thanh noi tiep e truyen i va d lieu
nhan ve dang noi tiep c chuyen thanh song song.
Chan TxD (P3.1) la ngo xuat d lieu i va chan RxD (P3.0) la ngo nhan d lieu ve.
ac trng cua truyen d lieu noi tiep la hoat ong song cong co ngha la co the thc hien
truyen va nhan d lieu cung mot luc.
Hai thanh ghi chc nang ac biet phuc vu cho truyen d lieu la thanh ghi em SBUF va
thanh ghi ieu khien SCON. Thanh ghi em SBUF nam a ch 99H co 2 chc nang: neu vi ieu
khien ghi d lieu len thanh ghi sbuf th d lieu o se c truyen i, neu he thong khac gi d lieu
en th se c lu vao thanh ghi em sbuf. S o khoi cua he thong truyen d lieu nh hnh 4-19.
186
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 4-19. S o khoi cua truyen d lieu noi tiep.
Thanh ghi ieu khien truyen d lieu SCON nam a ch 98H la thanh ghi cho phep truy suat
bit bao gom cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien. Cac bit ieu khien dung e thiet lap nhieu
kieu hoat ong truyen d lieu khac nhau, con cac bit trang thai cho biet thi iem ket thuc khi
truyen xong mot k t hoac nhan xong mot k t. Cac bit trang thai co the c kiem tra trong
chng trnh hoac co the lap trnh e sinh ra ngat.
Tan so hoat ong cua truyen d lieu noi tiep con goi toc o BAUD (so lng bit d lieu c
truyen i trong mot giay) co the hoat ong co nh (s dung dao ong tren chip) hoac co the thay
oi. Khi can toc o Baud thay oi th phai s dung Timer 1 e tao toc o baud.
2. THANH GHI IEU KHIEN TRUYEN D LIEU NOI TIEP:
Thanh ghi scon se thiet lap cac kieu hoat ong truyen d lieu khac nhau cho MCS51. Cau
truc cua thanh ghi Scon nh sau:
SM0
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
RI
Bang 4-11 tom tat thanh ghi ieu khien Port noi tiep scon nh sau :
Bit
7
6
5
Ky hieu
SM0
SM1
SM2
a ch
9FH
9EH
9DH
4
3
REN
TB8
9CH
9BH
2
1
RB8
TI
9AH
99H
Vi x ly
Mo ta hoat ong
Bit chon kieu truyen noi tiep: bit th 0.
Bit chon kieu truyen noi tiep: bit th 1.
Bit cho phep truyen ket noi nhieu vi x ly mode 2 va 3; RI
se khong tch cc neu bit th 9 a thu vao la 0.
Bit cho phep nhan k t. REN = 1 se cho phep nhan k t.
Dung e lu bit 9 e truyen i khi hoat ong mode 2 va 3.
TB8 bang 0 hay 1 la do ngi lap trnh thiet lap.
Dung e lu bit 9 nhan ve khi hoat ong mode 2 va 3.
C bao hieu nay len mc 1 khi truyen xong 1 k t va xoa bi
187
RI
98H
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
ngi lap trnh e san sang truyen k t tiep theo.

C bao hieu nay len mc 1 khi nhan xong 1 k t va xoa bi
ngi lap trnh e san sang nhan k t d lieu tiep theo.
Bang 4-11. Cac bit trong thanh ghi ieu khien truyen d lieu.
3. CAC KIEU TRUYEN D LIEU NOI TIEP:

Trc khi truyen d lieu th thanh ghi SCON phai c khi tao ung kieu. V du e khi tao
truyen d lieu kieu 1 th 2 bit: SM0 SM1 = 01, bit cho phep thu: REN =1, va c ngat truyen TI = 1
e san sang truyen, ta dung lenh sau : MOV SCON, #01010010b.
Truyen d lieu noi tiep cua MCS51 co 4 kieu hoat ong tuy thuoc theo 4 trang thai cua 2 bit
SM0 SM1 c liet ke bang 4-12.
Ba trong bon kieu cho phep truyen ong bo vi moi k t thu hoac phat se c ket hp vi
bit Start hoac bit Stop.
SM0 SM1 Kieu
Mo ta
0
0
0
Thanh ghi dch
0
1
1
UART 8 bit
1
0
2
UART 9 bit
1
1
3
UART 9 bit
Toc o baud
Co nh (tan so dao ong f/12).
Thay oi (c at bi Timer).
Co nh (tan so dao ong f/12 or f/64)
Thay oi (c at bi Timer).
Bang 4-12. Cac kieu truyen d lieu.
a.
Truyen d lieu kieu 0 kieu thanh ghi dch 8 bit :
e nh cau hnh cho truyen d lieu noi tiep kieu 0 th 2 bit SM1 SM0 = 00. D lieu noi
tiep nhan vao va d lieu truyen i eu thong qua chan RxD, con chan TxD th dung e dch
chuyen xung clock. 8 bit d lieu e truyen i hoac nhan ve th luon bat au vi bit co trong so nho
nhat LSB. Toc o Baud c thiet lap co nh tan so bang 112 tan so dao ong thach anh tren
Chip.
Khi thc hien lenh ghi d lieu len thanh ghi sbuf th qua trnh truyen d lieu bat au. D lieu
c dch ra ngoai thong qua chan RxD cung vi cac xung nhp cung c gi ra ngoai thong qua
chan TxD. Moi bit truyen i ch co xuat hien tren chan RxD trong khoang thi gian mot chu ky
may. Trong khoang thi gian cua moi chu ky may, tn hieu xung clock xuong mc thap tai thi
iem S3P1 va len mc cao tai thi iem S6P1 trong gian o thi gian hnh 4-20.
Qua trnh nhan c khi ong khi bit cho phep nhan REN = 1 va c nhan RI = 0. Nguyen
tac chung la khi tao bit REN = 1 au chng trnh e khi ong truyen d lieu, va xoa bit RI e
san sang nhan d lieu vao. Khi bit RI b xoa, cac xung clock se xuat ra ben ngoai thong qua chan
TxD, bat au chu ky may ke tiep th d lieu t ben ngoai se c dch vao ben trong thong qua
chan RxD.
188
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 4-20. Gian o thi gian.
Bieu o thi gian cua d lieu noi tiep truyen vao vi ieu khien kieu 0 nh sau :
Hnh 4-21. Gian o thi gian truyen d lieu mod 0.
Vi x ly
189
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Mot ng dung cu the s dung mode 0 la dung e m rong them so lng ngo ra cho MCS51
vi cach thc thc hien nh sau: mot thanh ghi dch t noi tiep thanh song song c noi en cac
ng TxD va RxD cua MCS51 e m rong them 8 ng ra nh hnh 4-22. Neu dung them nhieu
thanh ghi dch mac noi tiep vao thanh ghi dch au tien se m rong c nhieu ngo ra.
8 Extra Output
8951
TXD (P3.1)
Clock
RXD (P3.0)
Data
Shift Register
Hnh 4-22. Mot ng dung kieu 0 e tang them ngo ra bang thanh ghi dch.
b.
Truyen d lieu kieu 1 Thu phat bat ong bo 8 bit vi toc o Baud thay oi :
Trong mode nay, truyen d lieu noi tiep hoat ong bat ong bo UART 8 bit co toc o Baud
thay oi c. UART la bo thu va phat d lieu noi tiep vi moi ky t d lieu luon bat au bang 1
bit Start ( mc 0) va ket thuc bang 1 bit Stop ( mc 1), bit parity oi khi c ghep vao gia bit
d lieu sau cung va bit Stop.
Trong kieu nay, 10 bit d lieu se phat i chan TxD va neu nhan th se nhan chan RxD.
10 bit o bao gom: 1 bit start, 8 bit data (LSB la bit au tien), va 1 bit stop. oi vi hoat ong nhan
d lieu th bit Stop c a vao bit RB8 trong thanh ghi SCON.
Trong MCS51, toc o Baud c thiet lap bi toc o tran cua Timer T1. oi vi ho 52 co 3
timer th toc o baud co the thiet lap bi toc o tran cua timer T1 hoac timer T2 hoac ca 2 timer T1
va T2: mot timer cho may phat va 1 timer cho may thu.
Nguon cung cap xung clock e ong bo cac thanh ghi truyen d lieu noi tiep hoat ong
kieu 1, 2, 3 c thiet lap bi bo em 16 nh hnh 4-23, ngo ra cua bo em la xung clock tao toc
o baud. Xung ngo vao cua bo em co the lap trnh bang phan mem.
Hnh 4-23. Cung cap xung cho truyen d lieu noi tiep.
Khi co mot lenh ghi d lieu len thanh ghi sbuf th qua trnh truyen d lieu bat au nhng no
cha truyen ma ch cho en khi bo chia 16 (cung cap toc o Baud cho truyen d lieu noi tiep) b
tran. D lieu c xuat ra tren chan TxD bat au vi bit start theo sau la 8 bit data va sau cung la
bit stop. Cac c phat TI c nang len mc 1 cung luc vi thi iem xuat hien bit Stop tren chan
TxD nh hnh 4-24.
190
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Qua trnh nhan d lieu c khi ong khi co s chuyen oi t mc 1 sang mc 0 ngo vao
RxD. Bo em 4 bit c reset ngay lap tc e sap xep bit d lieu ang en t ngo vao RxD. Moi
bit d lieu en c lay mau trang thai em th 8 trong mot chu ky 16 trang thai cua bo em 4
bit.
Khi co s chuyen trang thai t 1 xuong 0 ngo vao RxD cua bo thu th trang thai 0 nay phai
ton tai trong 8 trang thai lien tuc cua bo em 4 bit. Neu trng hp nay khong ung th bo thu xem
nh b tac ong bi tn hieu nhieu. Bo thu se reset va tr ve trang thai ngh va ch s chuyen trang
thai tiep theo.
Hnh 4-24. C bao phat xong d lieu TI.
Gia s viec kiem tra bit Start la hp le th bit Start se c bo qua va 8 bit data c nhan
vao thanh ghi dch noi tiep.
Khi tat ca 8 bit c ghi vao thanh ghi dch th 3 cong viec sau se c thc hien tiep theo:
-
Bit th 9 (bit Stop) c dch vao bit RB8 trong SCON.
8 bit data c nap vao thanh ghi SBUF.
C ngat nhan RI =1.

Tuy nhien, 3 cong viec tren ch xay ra neu hai ieu kien sau ton tai :
RI = 0 va
SM2 = 1 va bit Stop nhan c = 1 hoac SM2 = 0.
c.
Truyen d lieu kieu 2 Thu phat bat ong bo 9 bit vi toc o Baud co nh :
Khi SM1 SM0 = 10 th truyen d lieu hoat ong kieu 2 co toc o Baud co nh. Co 11 bit
c phat hoac thu : 1 bit Start, 8 bit data, 1 bit data th 9 c lap trnh va 1 bit Stop. Khi phat th
bit th 9 c at vao TB8 cua SCON (co the bit parity). Khi thu th bit th 9 c at vao bit RB8
cua thanh ghi SCON. Toc o Baud trong mode 2 bang 1/12 hoac 1/64 tan so dao ong tren Chip.
d.
Truyen d lieu kieu 3 Thu phat bat ong bo 9 bit vi toc o Baud thay oi :
Khi SM1 SM0 = 11 th truyen d lieu hoat ong kieu 3 la kieu UART 9 bit co toc o Baud
thay oi. Kieu 3 tng t kieu 2 ngoai tr toc o Baud c lap trnh va c cung cap bi Timer.
Cac kieu 1, kieu 2 va kieu 3 rat giong nhau, nhng iem khac nhau la toc o Baud (kieu 2 co
nh, kieu 1 va kieu 3 thay oi) va so bit d lieu (kieu 1 co 8 bit, kieu 2 va kieu 3 co 9 bit data).
4. KHI TAO VA TRUY XUAT CAC THANH GHI TRUYEN D LIEU NOI TIEP:
a. Bit ieu khien cho phep nhan d lieu (Receive Enable) :
Vi x ly
191
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
e cho phep thu d lieu th chng trnh phai lam cho bit REN = 1 va ieu nay c thc
hien au chng trnh.
Ta co the khi tao cho phep truyen d lieu bang lenh :
Setb ren hoac MOV SCON, # Xxx1xxxxb
b. Bit d lieu th 9:
Bit d lieu th 9 c phat trong kieu 2 va kieu 3 phai c nap vao bit TB8 bang phan
mem co ngha la ngi lap trnh phai thc hien cong viec nay trc khi truyen d lieu i, con bit
d lieu th 9 cua d lieu thu c th t ong at vao trong bit RB8.
Phan mem co the hoac khong oi hoi bit d lieu th 9 tham gia vao qua trnh truyen d lieu
tuy thuoc vao ac tnh cua cac thiet b noi tiep ket noi vi nhau thiet lap ra qui nh. Bit d lieu th
9 ong 1 vai tro quan trong trong truyen thong nhieu vi x ly.
c. Bit kiem tra chan le Parity :
Bit th 9 thng c dung la bit kiem tra chan le. moi chu ky may, bit P trong thanh ghi
trang thai PSW bang 1 hay bang 0 tuy thuoc vao qua trnh kiem tra chan 8 bit d lieu cha trong
thanh ghi A.
V du 49:
Neu he thong truyen d lieu yeu cau 8 bit data cong them 1 bit kiem tra
chan, th cac lenh sau ay se phat 8 bit trong thanh ghi A cong vi bit kiem tra chan c cong vao
bit th 9.
MOV
C,P
;chuyen c chan le P sang c C
MOV
TB8,C
;chuyen c C sang bit TB8 e chuan b truyen i
MOV
SBUF,A
;truyen d lieu 8 bit trong A va bit th 9 trong TB8 i.
Neu kiem tra le c yeu cau th cac lenh tren c sa lai la :

MOV
C,P
;chuyen c chan le P sang c C
CPL
;nghch ao chan thanh le
MOV
TB8,C
;chuyen c C sang bit TB8 e chuan b truyen i
MOV
SBUF,A
;truyen d lieu 8 bit trong A va bit th 9 trong TB8 i.
Trong kieu 1 ta van co the s dung bit kiem tra chan le nh sau: 8 bit data c phat trong
kieu 1 co the bao gom 7 bit d lieu, va 1 bit kiem tra chan le. e phat mot ma ASCII 7 bit vi 1 bit
kiem tra chan vao 8 bit, cac lenh sau ay c dung:
MOV
C, P
; a Parity chan vao C
MOV
ACC.7, C
; a Parity chan vao bit MSB cua A
MOV
SBUF, A
; Gi bit data cung bit Parity chan
d. C ngat :
C ngat nhan RI va phat TI trong thanh ghi SCON ong mot vai tro quan trong trong truyen
d lieu cua MCS51. Ca hai bit eu c set bi phan cng nhng phai xoa bi phan mem.
192
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
ien hnh la c RI c set mc 1 khi ket thuc qua trnh nhan ay u 1 k t va cho biet
thanh ghi em thu a ay. Trang thai cua c RI co the kiem tra bang phan mem hoac co the lap
trnh e sinh ra ngat. Neu muon nhan mot ky t t mot thiet b a c ket noi en Port noi tiep,
th chng trnh phai ch cho en khi c RI = 1, sau o xoa c RI va oc ky t t thanh ghi SBUF.
Qua trnh nay c lap trnh nh sau :
WAIT : JNB
RI, WAIT
:Kiem tra RI xem co bang 1 hay khong. Ch neu = 0
CLR
RI
:khi c RI = 1 th a nhan xong d lieu va xoa c RI
MOV
A, SBUF
:oc ky t nhan c t thanh ghi Sbuf
C TI len mc 1 cho biet a phat xong ky t va cho biet thanh ghi em sbuf a rong. Neu
muon gi 1 ky t en mot thiet b a c ket noi en Port noi tiep th trc tien phai kiem tra
xem Port noi tiep a san sang cha. Neu ky t trc ang c gi i, th phai ch cho en khi ket
thuc qua trnh gi. Cac lenh sau ay dung e phat mot ky t trong thanh ghi A ra :
WAIT :
JNB
TI, WAIT
:Kiem tra TI co bang 1 hay khong va ch neu bang 0.
CLR
TI
:Xoa c ngat thu TI
MOV
SBUF,A
:gi noi dung trong thanh ghi A i
MOV
SBUF,A
:gi noi dung trong thanh ghi A i
JNB
TI, WAIT
:Kiem tra TI co bang 1 hay khong va ch neu bang 0.
CLR
TI
:Xoa c ngat thu TI
Hoac
WAIT :
5. TRUYEN D LIEU NOI TIEP TRONG HE THONG NHIEU VI IEU KHIEN :

Kieu 2 va kieu 3 co mot chc nang ac biet cho viec truyen thong a x ly. cac mode 2 va
3, 9 bit d lieu c thu va bit th 9 c lu vao bit RB8. Truyen d lieu co the lap trnh sao cho
khi thu c bit Stop th ngat cua truyen d lieu noi tiep tac ong ch khi bit RB8 =1. Cau truc nay
c phep bang cach set bit SM2 = 1 trong thanh ghi SCON. Kieu nay c ng dung trong mang
s dung nhieu MCS51 c to chc theo cau hnh may chu va may t nh hnh 4-25.
32 I/O lines
MASTER
8951
TXD
P0
P1
P2
32 I/O lines
P3
8951 Slave # 1
RXD
P0
P1
P2
P3
8951 Slave # 2
RXD
Hnh 4-25. Ket noi nhieu vi x ly.
Vi x ly
193
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong cau hnh ket noi tren th moi mot vi x ly t se co mot a ch duy nhat do chung ta
qui nh.
Khi bo x ly chu muon phat mot khoi d lieu en mot trong cac bo x ly t th trc tien vi
x ly chu phai gi ra 1 byte a ch e nhan dien bo x ly t muon ket noi.
Byte a ch c phan biet vi byte d lieu bi bit th 9: trong byte a ch th bit th 9 bang
1 va trong byte d lieu th bit th 9 bang 0.
Cac vi x ly t sau khi nhan c byte a ch se biet c vi x ly chu muon giao tiep t
nao. Khi co vi x ly t c phep th no se xoa bit SM2 e bat au nhan cac byte d lieu tiep theo.
Con cac vi x ly khong c phep th van gi nguyen bit SM2=1 e khong nhan cac byte d lieu
truyen gia vi x ly chu va vi x ly t ang c phep. Vi x ly t sau khi ket noi vi vi x ly chu
xong th phai lam cho bit SM2=1 e san sang ket noi cho nhng lan tiep theo.
Sau khi thc hien xong viec trao oi d lieu th vi x ly muon truy xuat mot vi x ly khac th
phai tao ra mot a ch mi va vi x ly t tng ng vi a ch o c phep va hoat ong giong
nh va trnh bay.
6. THIET LAP TOC O TRUYEN D LIEU NOI TIEP :
Truyen d lieu noi tiep neu hoat ong kieu 0 va kieu 2 th co toc o truyen co nh. Trong
kieu 0 th toc o truyen bang 112 tan so dao ong tren Chip. Neu s dung thach anh 12 MHz th
toc o truyen cua kieu 0 la 1MHz nh hnh 4-26a.
Trong thanh ghi PCON co mot bit SMOD co chc nang lam tang gap oi toc o baud, mac
nhien sau khi reset he thong th bit SMOD = 0 th cac kieu truyen d lieu hoat ong vi toc o qui
nh, khi bit SMOD = 1 th toc o tang gap oi.
V du trong kieu 2, toc o truyen co the tang gap oi t gia tr mac nh 1/64 tan so dao
ong tren Chip (SMOD = 0) len en 1/32 tan so dao ong tren Chip (ng vi SMOD =1) nh hnh
4-26b.
Do thanh ghi PCON khong cho phep truy suat bit nen e set bit SMOD ma khong thay oi
cac bit khac cua thanh ghi PCON th phai thc hien lenh sau.
Lenh sau ay set bit SMOD e tang gap oi toc o truyen:
OR
PCON, #1000 0000b ;bit Smod v tr th 7
Cac toc o Baud trong kieu 1 va kieu 3 cua MCS51 c xac nh bi toc o tran cua Timer
1. Bi v Timer hoat ong tan so tng oi cao nen phai chia cho 32 khi bit smod = 0 va chia cho
16 neu SMOD = 1 trc khi cung cap xung clock e thiet lap toc o Baud cho Port noi tiep. Toc o
Baud kieu 1 va 3 cua MCS51 c xac nh bi toc o tran cua Timer 1 hoac Timer 2, hoac ca 2
nh hnh 4-26c.
194
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 4-26. Thiet lap toc o Baud.
Thiet lap toc o Baud dung timer 1:

Muon co toc o Baud th ta khi tao thanh ghi TMOD kieu t ong nap 8 bit (kieu 2) va
at gia tr nap lai vao thanh ghi TH1 cua Timer 1 e tao ra toc o tran chnh xac e thiet lap toc o
Baud. Thanh ghi tmod c khi tao e thiet lap toc o baud nh sau:
MOV TMOD,#0010B
;ch quan tam en timer 1
Mot cach khac e tao toc o baud la nhan tn hieu xung clock t ben ngoai a en ngo vao
T1. Cong thc chung e xac nh toc o Baud trong mode 1 va mode 3 la :
BAUD RATE = TIMER 1 OVERFLOW RATE 32
V du 50:
Truyen d lieu can toc o baud la 1200 th ta tnh toan nh sau:
Toc o tran cua timer 1 bang 1200 x 32 = 38,4KHz. Neu he thong s dung thach anh 12 MHz th
xung cung cap cho Timer 1 em co tan so la 1 MHz hay 1000KHz. Vay e at toc o tran 38,4
KHz th ta tnh c so lng xung em cho moi chu ky tran la 1000 KHz/38,4 KHz = 26,4 xung
(lam tron bang 26).
Do cac Timer em len va thi iem tran xay ra khi chuyen trang thai em t FFH 00H
nen ta phai nap gia tr bat au t (256 26 = 230) e t gia tr nay timer 1 em len 26 xung na th
sinh ra tran. Gia tr 230 c nap vao thanh ghi TH1 e t ong nap lai cho thanh ghi TL1 khi tran
bang lenh: MOV TH1,#230. Ban co the khong can phai tnh toan ra gia tr 230 ma co the thay
bang lenh : MOV TH1,#-26 th trnh bien dch se tnh cho ban.
Bang tom tat toc o Baud ng vi 2 loai thach anh 12 MHz va 11, 059 MHz :
Vi x ly
195
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Toc o baud Tan so thach anh SMOD Gia tr nap cho TH1 Toc o thc Sai so
9600
12MHz
- 7 (F9H)
8923
7%
2400
12MHz
-13 (F3H)
2404
0,16%
1200
12MHz
-26 (E6H)
1202
~0%
19200
11,059MHz
-3 (FDH)
19200
0%
9600
11,059MHz
-3 (FDH)
9600
0%
2400
11,059MHz
-12 (F4H)
2400
0%
1200
11,059MHz
-24 (E8H)
1200
0%
Bang 4-13. Tom tat toc o baud.
V du 51:
Hay khi tao truyen d lieu noi tiep hoat ong nh UART 8 bit toc o
Baud 2400, dung Timer 1 e tao toc o Baud.
Chng trnh sau se thiet lap ung theo yeu cau e ra:
MOV
SCON, # 01010010B
: Port noi tiep mode 1.
MOV
TMOD, # 20H
: Timer 1 mode 2
MOV
TH1, # -13
: Nap vao bo em toc o 2400 Baud.
SETB
TR1
: Start Timer 1.
Trong thanh ghi SCON co: hai bit SM0 SM1 = 01 thiet lap mode UART 8 bit, bit REN = 1
cho phep san sang nhan d lieu, bit TI = 1 bao cho biet thanh ghi em rong san sang cho phep phat
d lieu.
Thanh ghi TMOD co hai bit M1M0 = 10 e thiet lap Timer 1 mode 2 t ong nap 8 bit.
Lenh setb TR1 cho phep Timer lam viec tao toc o baud.
T toc o Baud 2400 ta tnh c toc o tran cho Timer 1 la 2400 x 32 = 76,8 KHz va gia s
Timer 1 em xung noi tan so 1000 KHz (ng vi thach anh 12 MHz).
Vay e at toc o tran 76,8 KHz th ta tnh c so lng xung em cho moi chu ky tran la
1000KHz/76,8KHz = 13,02 xung (lam tron bang 13). Nen lenh th 3 se nap gia tr -13 vao thanh
ghi TH1 e tao toc o baud la 2400.
Viec s dung truyen d lieu toc o baud nao tuy thuoc vao yeu cau thc te. Toc o cang
cao th d lieu truyen cang nhanh. Khi truyen nhieu d lieu th ngoai toc o qui nh thong nhat
gia 2 he thong ket noi vi nhau con phai quan tam en toc o x ly d lieu nhan ve va lay d
lieu gi i e khong b mat d lieu trong qua trnh truyen va nhan. Mot trong nhng giai phap e
kiem tra xem d lieu co b mat hay khong th phai s dung thu tuc bat tay.
VII. HOAT ONG NGAT CUA VI IEU KHIEN MCS51

1.
196
GII THIEU:
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Ngat s dung trong vi x ly hay vi ieu khien hoat ong nh sau: vi x ly hay vi ieu khien
luon thc hien mot chng trnh ma ta thng goi la chng trnh chnh, khi co mot s tac ong t
ben ngoai bang phan cng hay s tac ong ben trong lam cho vi x ly ngng thc hien chng
trnh chnh e thc hien mot chng trnh khac (con goi la chng trnh phuc vu ngat ISR) va sau
khi thc hien xong vi x ly tr lai thc hien tiep chng trnh chnh. Qua trnh lam gian oan vi x
ly thc hien chng trnh chnh xem nh la ngat.
Co nhieu s tac ong lam ngng chng trnh chnh goi la cac nguon ngat, trong vi ieu
khien khi timer/counter em tran se tao ra ngat. Ngat ong mot vai tro quan trong trong lap trnh
ieu khien.
Khi s dung ngat se cho phep vi x ly hay vi ieu khien ap ng nhieu s kien quan trong va
giai quyet s kien o trong khi chng trnh khac ang thc thi. V du: trong vi ieu khien ang
thc hien chng trnh chnh th co d lieu t he thong khac gi en, khi o vi ieu khien ngng
chng trnh chnh e thc hien chng trnh phuc vu ngat nhan d lieu xong roi tr lai tiep tuc
thc hien chng trnh chnh, hoac co mot tn hieu bao ngat t ben ngoai th vi ieu khien se
ngng thc hien chng trnh chnh e thc hien chng trnh ngat roi tiep tuc thc hien chng
trnh chnh.
Ta co the s dung ngat e yeu cau vi ieu khien thc hien nhieu chng trnh cung mot luc
co ngha la cac chng trnh c thc hien xoay vong.
Ta co the minh hoa qua trnh thc hien 1 chng trnh trong trng hp co ngat va khong co
ngat nh hnh 4-27.
Hnh 4-27. Vi ieu khien thc hien chng trnh chnh trong 2 trng hp khong va co ngat.
Trong o : Ky hieu * cho biet vi ieu khien ngng chng trnh chnh e thc thi chng trnh
con phuc vu ngat ISR. Con ky hieu ** cho biet vi ieu khien quay tr lai thc hien tiep chng
trnh chnh sau khi thc hien xong chng trnh con phuc vu ngat ISR.
Vi x ly
197
2.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
TO CHC NGAT:
Hnh 4-28. Vi ieu khien 89C52 co 6 nguon ngat.
Vi ieu khien 89C51 co 5 nguon ngat: 2 ngat ngoai, 2 ngat Timer va mot ngat Port noi tiep.
Vi ieu khien 89C52 co them mot nguon ngat la cua timer T2 nh hnh 4-28. Mac nhien khi vi
ieu khien b reset th tat ca cac ngat se mat tac dung va c cho phep bi phan mem.
Trong trng hp co hai hoac nhieu nguon ngat tac ong ong thi hoac vi ieu khien ang
phuc vu ngat th xuat hien mot ngat khac, khi o se co hai cach giai quyet: la kiem tra lien tiep va
s dung che o u tien.
3.
CHO PHEP NGAT/CAM NGAT:
Trc tien chung ta phai hieu cho phep va khong cho phep ngat la nh the nao ? Khi ta cho
phep ngat va khi ngat tac ong th vi ieu khien se ngng chng trnh chnh e thc hien chng
trnh con phuc vu ngat, con khi khong cho phep th du co s tac ong en ngat vi ieu khien van
tiep tuc thc hien chng trnh chnh khong thc hien chng trnh phuc vu ngat.
Trong vi ieu khien co 1 thanh ghi IE (Interrupt Enable) tai a ch 0A8H co chc nang cho
phep/cam ngat. Ta s dung thanh ghi nay e cho phep hay khong cho phep oi vi tng nguon
ngat va cho toan bo cac nguon ngat. To chc cua thanh ghi nh sau:
EA
ET2
ES
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Hoat ong cua tng bit trong thanh ghi cho phep ngat IE c tom tat trong bang 4-14:
Bit K hieu a ch bit Chc nang (Enable = 1; Disable = 0)
IE.7
EA
AFH
Cho phep hoac cam toan bo cac nguon ngat.
IE.6
AEH
Cha dung en
198
Vi x ly

IE.5
IE.4
IE.3
IE.2
IE.1
IE.0
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
ET2
ES
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
ADH
ACH
ABH
AAH
A9H
A8H
Cho
Cho
Cho
Cho
Cho
Cho
phep
phep
phep
phep
phep
phep
ngat
ngat
ngat
ngat
ngat
ngat
Timer 2 (8052).
Port noi tiep.
Timer 1.
ngoai External 1 (INT1).
Timer 0.
ngoai External 0 (INT0).
Bang 4-14. Tom tat chc nang cac bit cua thanh ghi IE.
Trong thanh ghi IE co bit IE.6 cha dung en, bit IE.7 la bit cho phep/cam ngat toan bo cac
nguon ngat. Khi bit IE.7= 0 th cam het tat ca cac nguon ngat, khi bit IE.7=1 th cho phep tat ca cac
nguon ngat nhng con phu thuoc vao tng bit ieu khien ngat cua tng nguon ngat.
V du 52:
e cho phep Timer 1 ngat ta co the thc hien tren bit:

SETB EA
;cho phep ngat toan bo
SETB ET1
;cho phep timer 1 ngat
Hoac co the dung lenh sau:

MOV IE, #10001000B
oi vi yeu cau cua v du tren th 2 cach thc hien tren la xong nhng ta hay so sanh 2 cach
thc hien va chu y mot vai ieu trong lap trnh:
Cac lenh cua cach 1 khong anh hng cac bit con lai trong thanh ghi IE.
Cach th hai se xoa cac bit con lai trong thanh ghi IE.
au chng trnh ta nen khi gan IE vi lenh MOV BYTE, nhng khi ieu khien cho phep
hay cam trong chng trnh th ta se dung cac lenh SET BIT va CLR BIT e tranh lam anh hng
en cac bit khac trong thanh ghi IE.
4.
IEU KHIEN U TIEN NGAT:
Khi co nhieu nguon ngat tac ong cung luc th ngat nao quan trong can thc hien trc va
ngat nao khong quan trong th thc hien sau giong nh cac cong viec ma ta giai quyet hang ngay.
Ngat cung c thiet ke co s sap xep th t u tien t thap en cao e ngi lap trnh sap xep cac
nguon ngat theo yeu cau cong viec ma mnh x ly.
Thanh ghi co chc nang thiet lap che o u tien trong vi ieu khien la thanh ghi IP (Interrupt
Priority) tai a ch 0B8H. To chc cua thanh ghi nh sau:
-
PT2
PS
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
Hoat ong cua tng bit trong thanh ghi IP c tom tat trong bang 4-15.
Bit
IP.7
IP.6
IP.5
IP.4
Vi x ly
K hieu
PT2
PS
a ch bit
BDH
BCH
Chc nang
Cha s dung
Cha s dung
u tien cho ngat Timer 2 (8052).
u tien cho ngat Port noi tiep.
199
IP.3
IP.2
IP.1
IP.0
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
BBH
BAH
B9H
B8H
u tien cho ngat Timer 1.

u tien cho ngat ngoai External 1.
u tien cho ngat Timer 0.
u tien cho ngat ngoai External 0.
Bang 4-15. Tom tat chc nang cac bit cua thanh ghi IP.
Khi reset he thong th thanh ghi IP b xoa va tat ca cac ngat mc u tien thap nhat.
Trong 89C51 co 2 mc u tien thap va 2 mc u tien cao. Neu vi ieu khien ang thc hien
chng trnh con phuc vu ngat co mc u tien thap va co mot yeu cau ngat vi mc u tien cao
hn xuat hien th vi ieu khien phai ngng thc hien chng trnh con phuc vu ngat co mc u tien
thap e thc hien chng trnh con phuc vu ngat mi co u tien cao hn.
Ngc lai neu vi ieu khien ang thc hien chng trnh con phuc vu ngat co mc u tien
cao hn va co yeu cau ngat vi mc u tien thap hn xuat hien th vi ieu khien van tiep tuc thc
hien cho en khi thc hien xong chng trnh phuc vu ngat co u tien cao hn roi mi thc hien
chng trnh phuc vu ngat co u tien thap ang yeu cau.
Chng trnh chnh ma vi ieu khien luon thc hien trong mot he thong th mc thap nhat,
khong co lien ket vi yeu cau ngat nao, luon luon b ngat bat chap ngat mc u tien cao hay
thap. Neu co 2 yeu cau ngat vi cac u tien khac nhau xuat hien ong thi th yeu cau ngat co mc
u tien cao hn se c phuc vu trc.
5.
KIEM TRA NGAT THEO VONG QUET LIEN TUC:
Neu 2 yeu cau ngat co cung mc u tien xuat hien ong thi th vong quet kiem tra lien tiep
se xac nh yeu cau ngat nao se c phuc vu trc tien. Vong quet kiem tra lien tiep theo th t
u tien t tren xuong la: ngat ngoai th 0 (INT0), ngat timer T0, ngat ngoai th 1 (INT1), ngat
Timer 1, ngat truyen d lieu noi tiep (Serial Port), ngat timer 2. Hnh 4-29 se minh hoa cho trnh t
tren.
Quan sat trong hnh 4-29 chung ta thay co 6 nguon ngat cua 89C52 va tac dung cua cac thanh
ghi IE hoat ong nh mot contact On/Off con thanh ghi IP hoat ong nh mot contact chuyen mach
gia 2 v tr e la chon 1 trong 2.
Ta hay bat au t thanh ghi IE trc: bit cho phep ngat toan cuc (Global Enable) neu c
phep se ong toan bo cac contact va tuy thuoc vao bit cho phep cua tng nguon ngat co c phep
hay khong va chung hoat ong cung giong nh mot contact: neu c phep th ong mach va tn
hieu yeu cau ngat se a vao ben trong e x ly, neu khong c phep th contact h mach nen tn
hieu yeu cau ngat se khong a vao ben trong va khong c x ly.
Tiep theo la thanh ghi IP: tn hieu sau khi ra khoi thanh ghi IE th a en thanh ghi IP e sap
xep u tien cho cac nguon ngat. Co 2 mc o u tien: mc u tien cao va mc u tien thap. Neu
cac nguon nao co u tien cao th contact chuyen mach se a tn hieu yeu cau ngat o en vong
kiem tra co u tien cao, neu cac nguon nao co u tien thap th contact chuyen mach se a tn hieu
yeu cau ngat o en vong kiem tra co u tien thap.
Vong kiem tra ngat u tien cao se c thc hien trc va se kiem tra theo th t t tren
xuong va khi gap yeu cau ngat nao th yeu cau ngat o se c thc hien. Sau o tiep tuc thc
hien cho vong kiem tra u tien ngat co mc u tien thap hn.
200
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 4-29. Cau truc ngat cua vi ieu khien.
Trong hnh con cho chung ta thay yeu cau ngat truyen d lieu noi tiep tao ra t to hp OR
cua 2 c bao nhan RI va c bao phat TI. Khi ngat truyen d lieu xay ra va ta muon biet la do c
nhan hay c phat tao ra ngat e thc hien 2 cong viec khac nhau th ta phai kiem tra c RI va TI
e biet thc hien cong viec nao tng ng.
V du trong truyen d lieu: khi co bao ngat truyen d lieu th ta phai kiem tra xem c RI = 1
hay khong? Neu ung th he thong khac ang gi d lieu en va ta phai chuyen hng chng
trnh phuc vu ngat sang hng nhan d lieu, neu khong phai th chac chan la c TI=1 bao cho
chung ta biet rang d lieu a truyen i xong va san sang truyen k t tiep theo va khi o ta phai
chuyen hng chng trnh phuc vu ngat sang phat d lieu tiep theo.
Tng t, cac yeu cau ngat cua Timer2 tao ra t to hp OR cua c tran TF2 va c nhap ngoai
EXF2.
Cac bit c cua cac nguon ngat c tom tat bang 4-16:
Interrupt
Flag SFR Register and Bit Position
External 0 IE0
TCON 1
External 1
IE1
TCON 3
Timer 1
TF1
TCON 7
Timer 0
TF0
TCON 5
Serial Port
TI
SCON 1
Serial Port
RI
SCON 0
Timer 2
TF2
T2CON 7 (8052)
Timer 2
EXF2
T2CON 6 (8052)
Bang 4-16. Tom tat cac bit c cua cac nguon ngat.
6.
Vi x ly
X LY NGAT:
201
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Khi tn hieu yeu cau ngat xuat hien va c chap nhan bi CPU th CPU thc hien cac cong
viec sau:
Neu CPU ang thc hien lech th phai ch thc hien xong lenh ang thc hien.
Gia tr cua bo em chng trnh PC c cat vao bo nh ngan xep (chnh la a ch
cua lenh tiep theo trong chng trnh chnh).
Trang thai ngat hien hanh c lu vao ben trong.
Cac yeu cau ngat khac se b ngan lai.
a ch cua chng trnh phuc vu ngat tng ng se c nap vao bo em chng
trnh PC.
Bat au thc hien chng trnh phuc vu ngat ISR.
Trong chng trnh phuc vu ngat luon ket thuc bang lenh RETI. Khi gap lenh RETI th CPU
se lay lai a ch cua lenh tiep theo trong ngan xep tra lai cho thanh ghi PC e tiep tuc thc hien
cac cong viec tiep theo cua chng trnh chnh.
Chu y: chng trnh con phuc vu ngat khong c lam mat hoac lam sai a ch cua PC a
lu trong ngan xep neu ieu nay xay ra th khi tr lai chng trnh chnh CPU se khong thc hien
tiep cong viec cua chng trnh chnh va chung ta cung khong xac nh CPU ang lam g va au.
Khi o chung ta mat quyen kiem soat vi x ly.
Giong nh ta ang oc mot cuon sach v mot cong viec khac ta phai ngng lai va ta co lam
dau tai trang ang oc, sau khi lam xong cong viec th ta tiep tuc quay lai e oc tiep cuon sach tai
trang ang oc. Tat ca eu xay ra nh vay th rat la bnh thng nhng trong khi ta thc hien cong
viec th co mot ngi khac xem cuon sach cua ta va vo tnh lam mat dau, khi ta quay lai ta se oc
khong ung trang ang dng lai. Nguyen tac lam viec cua vi x ly hoan toan giong nh vay.
Trong vi ieu khien th bo nh ngan xep la bo nh RAM noi nen chung san sang hoat
ong cho viec lu tr tam, con oi vi vi x ly th bo nh ngan xep s dung bo nh ngoai nen
ban phai khi tao bo nh ngan xep phai la vung nh RAM e co the ghi va oc lai c, neu ban
khi tao tai vung nh EPROM hoac khi tao tai ni ma bo nh khong ghi vao c th se lam mat
a ch d lieu lu vao bo nh ngan xep dan en chng trnh se thc hien sai.
Mot ieu can phai chu y na la trong lap trnh chung ta khong c nhay t chng trnh con
sang chng trnh chnh e thc hien tiep chng trnh v lam nh vay sau nhieu lan thc hien th
bo nh ngan xep se b tran va ghi e len cac d lieu khac lam sai chng trnh. Trong trng hp
nay chung ta se thay rang chng trnh chung ta thc hien ung mot vai lan va sau o th sai.
Cac vector ngat (Interrupt Vectors) :
Nh a trnh bay tren, khi co mot yeu cau ngat xay ra th sau khi cat gia tr a ch trong PC
vao ngan xep th a ch cua chng trnh con phuc vu ngat tng ng con goi la vector a ch ngat
se c nap vao thanh ghi PC, a ch nay la co nh va do nha che tao vi ieu khien qui nh. Cac
chng trnh ngat phai bat au viet ung tai a ch quy nh o. Cac vector a ch ngat c cho
trong bang 4-17:
Interrupt
System Reset
External0
Timer0
External1
202
Flag
RST
IE0
TF0
IE1
Vectors Address
0000H
0003H
000BH
0013H
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Timer1
Serial Port
Timer2
TF1
RI or TI
TF2 or EXF2
001BH
0023H
002BH
Bang 4-17. Tom tat vector a ch ngat.
Vector reset he thong bat au tai a ch 0000H: khi reset vi ieu khien th thanh ghi PC =
0000H va chng trnh chnh luon bat au tai a ch nay.
Khi ban s dung yeu cau ngat nao th chng trnh con phuc vu ngat phai viet ung tai a
ch tng ng. V du ban s dung ngat timer T0 th chng trnh ngat ban phai viet tai a ch
000BH.
Do khoang vung nh gia cac vector a ch cua cac nguon ngat ch co vai o nh v du nh
vector a ch ngat cua ngat INT0 tai 0003H va vector a ch ngat cua ngat T0 tai 000BH ch cach
nhau co 9 o nh. Neu chng trnh phuc vu ngat cua ngat INT0 co kch thc ln hn 9 byte th no
se ung en vung nh cua ngat T0. Cach giai quyet tot nhat la ngay tai a ch 0003H ta viet lenh
nhay en mot vung nh khac rong hn. Con neu cac ngat T0 va cac ngat khac khong s dung th ta
co the viet chng trnh tai o cung c.
Chng trnh chnh luon bat au tai a ch 0000H sau khi reset he thong, neu trong chng
trnh co s dung ngat th ta phai dung lenh nhay tai a ch 0000H e nhay en mot vung nh khac
rong hn khong b gii han e viet tiep.
VIII. BAI TAP:

Cau 1: So sanh s khac nhau cua vi x ly va vi ieu khien 8 bit.
Cau 2: S khac nhau cua vi ieu khien 89C51 va 89C52.
Cau 3: Cho biet ng dung cua vi x ly va vi ieu khien.
Cau 4: Cho biet s khac nhau gia cac vi ieu khien 80C31, 80C51, 87C51 va 89C51.
Cau 5: Hay tom tat phan cng cua vi ieu khien 80C31.
Cau 8: Hay tom tat phan cng cua vi ieu khien 89C51, 89C52, 89S52, 89S8252
Cau 12: So sanh s khac nhau cua vi ieu khien 89C52 va 89S52.
Cau 13: Hay neu trnh t nap bo nh Flash cua vi ieu khien 89C51.
Cau 15: Hay neu cac thanh phan ben trong s o khoi cua vi ieu khien 89C51.
Cau 16: Hay cho biet chc nang cac port cua vi ieu khien 89C51.
Cau 17: Hay cho biet chc nang cua cac tn hieu ieu khien ALE, EA, PSEN, reset, Xtal1,
Xtal2 cua vi ieu khien 89C51.
Vi x ly
203
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Cau 18: Bo nh RAM noi cua vi ieu khien 89C51 c chia ra lam may loai bo nh, hay
liet ke ten cac loai va a ch cua tng loai.
Cau 19: Vung nh bank thanh ghi co bao nhieu bank, a ch cua tng bank, chc nang cua
vung nh nay, mac nhien bank nao c gan cho nhom thanh ghi R, lam the nao e thay oi cach
gan nhom thanh ghi R cho cac bank con lai.
Cau 20: Vung nh RAM truy xuat tng bit co bao nhieu BYTE, a ch tnh theo byte, co bao
nhieu bit, a ch cua tat ca cac bit, chc nang cua vung nh nay, co may cach truy xuat vung nh
nay.
Cau 21: Hay cho biet a ch cua cac port trong bo nh RAM va cach truy xuat a ch bit cua
cac port.
Cau 22: Trong vi ieu khien 89C51, hay cho biet a ch cua thanh ghi SP, gia tr khi tao
sau khi reset va a ch cua vung nh ngan xep, dung lng bo nh ngan xep toi a bang bao
nhieu, chc nang cua bo nh ngan xep.
Cau 23: Hay cho biet ac iem va chc nang cua thanh ghi DPTR trong vi ieu khien
89C51.
Cau 24: Hay cho biet chc nang cua thanh ghi PSW trong vi ieu khien 89C51.
Cau 25: Hay thiet ke mot he thong em san pham hien th ket qua em tren 3 led 7 oan
dung vi ieu khien 89C51 hoac 89C52 hoac 89S52.
Cau 26: Hay thiet ke mot he thong em ong ho so hien th gi phut giay tren 6 led 7 oan
dung vi ieu khien 89C51 hoac 89C52 hoac 89S52.
Cau 27: Hay thiet ke mot he thong o nhiet o dung cam bien LM35 va ADC 0808 hien th
ket qua tren 3 led 7 oan dung vi ieu khien 89C51 hoac 89C52 hoac 89S52.
Cau 28: Hay thiet ke mot he thong o nhiet o dung cam bien LM35 va ADC 0808 hien th
ket qua tren LCD dung vi ieu khien 89C51 hoac 89C52 hoac 89S52.
return
204
Vi x ly
Chng 5
GII THIEU
HOAT ONG CUA TRNH BIEN DCH ASSEMBLER
CAU TRUC CUA CHNG TRNH HP NG
TNH TOAN BIEU THC TRONG QUA TRNH DCH
1. CAC BIEU THC VA TOAN T
2. CHUOI KY T (CHARACTER STRING)
3. BO EM V TR (LOCATION COUNTER)
4. CAC TOAN T SO HOC (ARITHMETIC OPERATION)
5. CAC TOAN T LOGIC
6. CAC TOAN T QUAN HE (RELATION OPERATORS)
7. CAC TOAN T KHAC
8. TH T U TIEN CUA CAC TOAN T
CAC CH DAN CHO ASSEMBLER
1. CAC CH DAN IEU KHIEN TRANG THAI ASSEMBLER
2. CH DAN NH NGHA K HIEU
3. CH DAN KHI TAO TR TRONG BO NH
4. CH DAN DANH CHO TRONG BO NH
5. CAC CH DAN LIEN KET CHNG TRNH
6. CAC CH DAN CHON SEGMENT
CAC IEU KHIEN CUA TRNH BIEN DCH ASSEMBLER
HOAT ONG LIEN KET LINKER
S DUNG MACRO
1. TRUYEN THAM SO CHO MACRO
2. MACRO VI NHAN CUC BO
3. TAC VU REPEAT (LAP LAI)
4. CAC TAC VU IEU KHIEN
CACH VIET CHNG TRNH HP NG
Chng 5: Lap trnh hp ng cho Vi ieu khien MCS51
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
1. GII THIEU
2. PHAN TCH
a.
Phat bieu statement
b.
Cau truc lap while/do
c.
Cau truc vong lap repeat/until
d.
Cau truc la chon If/then/else
LIET KE CAC HNH

Hnh 5-1. Bien dch mot chng trnh nguon.
Hnh 5-2. Hoat ong cua chng trnh linker co ten la RL51.
LIET KE CAC BANG

Bang 5-1. Cac kieu toan hang
Bang 5-2. Th t u tien cac toan t
Bang 5-3. Cac t khoa ieu khien khi bien dch.
206
Vi x ly
I.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
GII THIEU:
Hp ng (assembly language) thay the nhng ma nh phan bang cac t gi nh e lap trnh
de dang hn. May tnh khong hieu hp ng do o trnh bien dch hp ng Assembler va trnh
lien ket Linker co chc nang dch nhng chng trnh viet bang hp ng thanh ngon ng may.
Mot so khai niem:
Chng trnh hp ng (Assembly Language Program)
La chng trnh c viet bang cach dung cac nhan, cac t gi nh,, trong o moi phat
bieu tng ng vi mot lenh cua ngon ng may. Chng trnh viet bang hp ng goi la ma
nguon va chng trnh nay khong the thc thi ma nham giup ngi lap trnh oc hieu nhng g vi
x ly thc hien va g roi mot cach de dang.
Chng trnh ngon ng may (Machine Language Program)
La chng trnh gom cac ma nh phan tng ng vi 1 lenh cua vi x ly. Cac chng trnh
viet bang ngon ng may thng c goi la ma oi tng (object code) va thc thi .
Chng trnh Assembler:
La chng trnh dch mot chng trnh viet bang hp ng sang chng trnh ngon ng may.
Chng trnh ngon ng may co the dang tuyet oi hoac dang tai nh v.
Chng trnh Linker:
La chng trnh ket hp cac chng trnh oi tng tai nh v c e tao ra chng trnh
oi tng tuyet oi e thc thi c.
Segment:
La mot n v bo nh cha ma lenh hoac cha d lieu. Mot segment co the dang tuyet
oi hoac tai nh v c.
Segment tai nh v c se co ten, kieu va cac thuoc tnh cho phep chng trnh linker ket
hp no vi cac phan cua cac oan khac neu can e nh v ung oan. Segment dang tuyet oi
khong co ten va khong the ket hp c vi cac oan khac.
Module:
Cha1 hay nhieu segment hoac mot phan segment. Mot module co ten do ngi s dung
at. Nhng nh ngha module xac nh tam cua cac ky hieu cuc bo. Mot tap tin oi tng cha
1 hay nhieu module. Mot module c xem nh la mot tap tin trong nhieu tnh huong.
Chng trnh:
Gom nhieu module tuyet oi, tron tat ca cac oan tuyet oi va tai nh v c t tat ca cac
module nhap. Mot chng trnh ch cha cac ma nh phan cho cac ch th ma may tnh hieu.
II.
HOAT ONG CUA TRNH BIEN DCH ASSEMBLER:

ASM51 la assembler chay tren may tnh do Intel cung cap e bien dch cho ho MCS51.
Cach dung ASM51 e bien dch chng trnh viet bang hp ng nh sau: t dau nhay
DOS hay Win commander ta thc hien theo cu phap:
ASM51 source_file[assembler_control]
Vi x ly
207
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong o source_file la ten tap tin nguon viet bang hp ng, assembler_control la nhng
ieu khien assembler.
Assembler nhan tap tin nguon (v du example.asm) se tao ra tap tin oi tng
(example.Obj) va tap tin kieu liet ke (example.lst) nh hnh 5-1:
Hnh 5-1. Bien dch mot chng trnh nguon.
Tat ca cac chng trnh bien dch eu quet chng trnh nguon 2 lan e thc hien dch ra
ngon ng may nen c goi la Assembler hai bc. Assembler s dung bo em v tr lam a ch
cua cac lenh va cac gia tr cho cac nhan. Hoat ong cua tng bc c mo ta nh sau:
Bc 1: nhan dien cac nhan va cac k hieu trong chng trnh nguon, tnh toan cac a ch
tng oi cua chung va cat vao bang k hieu.
Bang k hieu cha nhng v tr nhan, nhng k hieu va nhng gia tr tng ng cua chung.
Bo em v tr: lu gi a ch cua cac lenh va gia tr cua nhan chng trnh.
Bc 2: tao ra tap tin oi tng va tap tin liet ke:
Cac t gi nh
Cac toan hang c nh v va at sau cac ma lenh.
Cac gia tr k hieu c truy cap e tnh ung d lieu hoac a ch.
Cho phep tham chieu ti.
Tap tin tai nh v cha thong tin can cho linker va nh v.

Tap tin liet ke cha chng trnh nguon va ma lenh.
III.
CAU TRUC CUA CHNG TRNH HP NG:
Nhng lenh cua vi x ly.
Nhng ch dan assembler (Assembler Directive).
Nhng ieu khien Assembler.
Cac chu thch.
Cu phap lenh cua vi x ly nh sau:

[label:] mnemonic [operand] [,operand] [] [;comment]
Trong o label la nhan theo sau bi dau hai cham :, mnemonic la t gi nh cua lenh,
operand la toan hang tuy thuoc vao lenh co mot hoac nhieu toan hang hoac khong co toan hang,
cuoi cung la chu thch cho lenh o i sau dau cham phay ;.
K hieu la ten c nh ngha e bieu dien mot gia tr, khoi van ban, a ch hoac ten
thanh ghi va cung co the bieu dien cac hang so va cac bieu thc.
208
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Cac ten cua cac k hieu cho phep toi a 31 k t vi k t au phai la ch hoac dau ?
hoac -, va theo sau phai la cac ch, so, ? hoac -. Cac k hieu co the s dung cac k t in
hoa hay thng khong phan biet. Chu y cac t k hieu la cac t a s dung nen ngi lap trnh
khong c dung chung lam k hieu cho cac muc ch khac.
V du1:
Bdn
EQU
R2
Nhan la mot loai k hieu dung e nh ngha v tr trong chng trnh:
Ten nhan tng trng cho mot a ch.
Vung van ban th nhat trong dong hp ng
Theo sau nhan la dau hai cham :
Tren mot hang ch co the nh ngha mot nhan.
Khong c at ten cac nhan trung nhau.
V du2:
Label1:
MOV
R2,#35h
Mnemonic la tat ca cac t gi nh cho tat ca cac lenh va cac ch dan assembler:
Mnemonic cho lenh: ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, MOV,
Mnemonic cho ch dan assembler: org, equ, db, bit,
Toan hang operand la oi so hoac bieu thc c at ta cung vi lenh hoac ch dan
assembler, toan hang co the la a ch hoac d lieu.
Cac ch dan assembler luon can cac toan hang la hang so hoac k hieu.
V du3:
Biendemngat
EQU
R2
So toan hang trong lenh tuy thuoc vao lenh co toan hang hay khong co:
V du4:
MOV
R0,#75h
NOP
RET
Trong hp ng ASM51 co cac kieu toan hang bang 5-1:
Kieu toan hang
Mo ta
D lieu tc thi
K hieu hoac hang c dung lam gia tr so
a ch bit trc tiep
K hieu hoac hang tham chieu a ch bit
a ch chng trnh
K hieu hoac hang tham chieu a ch ma
a ch d lieu trc tiep
K hieu hoac hang tham chieu a ch d lieu
a ch gian tiep
Tham chieu gian tiep en bo nh, co the la offset
K hieu assembler ac biet Ten thanh ghi.

Vi x ly
209
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bang 5-1. Cac kieu toan hang
D lieu tc thi (immediate data):

La bieu thc so c ma hoa nh mot phan trong lenh ngon ng may. Toan hang nay phai
co k hieu # i trc.
V du5:
MOV
R0,#75h
Trong v du nay 75h la d lieu tc thi.

a ch bit trc tiep: (direct bit address)::
Kieu nay dung e truy cap cac bit cua cac o nh cho phep truy xuat bit.
Co 3 cach e nh a ch bit:
-
Truy xuat trc tiep a ch bit.
Truy xuat toan t cham (byte.bit).
K hieu assembler c nh ngha trc.
V du 6:
SETB
00h
;bit co a ch 00h
CLR
ACC.7
;xoa bit th 7 cua thanh ghi A
CLR
EA
;xoa bit ngat toan cuc
a ch chng trnh: (program address)::

La toan hang cua lenh nhay.
-
Lenh nhay tng oi: trong kieu lenh nay toan hang nay co o dai 8 bit c xem la
offset s dung cho lenh nhay khong ieu kien sjmp va lenh nhay co ieu kien.
Lenh nhay va lenh goi tuyet oi: trong kieu lenh nay toan hang nay co o dai 11 bit
dung e quan ly trang bo nh cho lenh AJMP va ACALL.
Lenh nhay va lenh goi co a ch dai: trong kieu lenh nay toan hang nay co o dai 16
bit dung e quan ly toan bo bo nh cho lenh LJMP va LCALL.
Nhay va goi generic:

Lenh JMP co the c dch hp thanh lenh SJMP, AJMP hoac LJMP.
Lenh Call co the c dch hp thanh lenh ACALL hoac LCALL
Ngi lap trnh khong can quan tam en a ch that khi nhay hay goi. Quy tac chuyen
thanh tuy thuoc vao assembler:
Lenh SJMP: khong co tham chieu ti va a ch ch trong vung -128 byte so vi a ch
cua lenh ke.
Lenh AJMP/ACALL: khong co tham chieu ti va a ch ch trong vung nh cung khoi 2
KByte so vi lenh ke.
Lenh AJMP/ACALL: co tham chieu ti a ch ch trong vung nh 64Kbyte.
V du7:
210
Vi x ly

1234
1
2
1234 04
3
1235 80FD
4
5
12FC
6
12FC 4134
7
8
12FE 021304 9
1301 121307 10
11
1304 14
12
1305 4134
13
14
1307 7F00
15
1309 22
16
17
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

org
1234h
INC
JMP
A
start
org
JMP
start+200
start
JMP
CALL
finish
delay
finish:
DEC
JMP
A
start
delay:
MOV
RET
end
R7,#0
start:
Hang lenh th 4 jmp c bien dch thanh sjmp, hang lenh jmp th 7 c bien dch thanh
Ajmp va hang lenh jmp th 9 c bien dch thanh ljmp.
a ch d lieu trc tiep (direct data address):
a ch nay dung e truy xuat bo nh d lieu noi t co a ch 00H en 7FH va cac vung
nh cha cac thanh ghi ac biet t 80H en FFH. Cac k hieu c nh ngha eu co the s
dung c cho cac thanh ghi chc nang.
V du8: hai lenh sau la tng ng:
MOV A,90H
MOV A,P1
a ch d lieu gian tiep (indirect data address):
Kieu nay dung cac thanh ghi e cha a ch cua cac o nh can truy xuat d lieu. Cac
thanh ghi s dung cho kieu nay la thanh ghi R0, R1, DPTR va PC.
Cac k hieu ac biet cua assembler:
Cac k hieu nay dung cho cach nh a ch dung thanh ghi nh A, DPTR, R0 en R7, PC,
c C va cap thanh ghi AB.
K hieu dau $ dung e tham chieu en gia tr hien hanh cua bo em v tr.
V du9: hai lenh sau la tng ng:
WAIT:
JNB
JNB
RI,WAIT
RI,$
K hieu ; i sau no la cac chu thch

IV.
TNH TOAN BIEU THC TRONG QUA TRNH DCH:

1.
CAC BIEU THC VA TOAN T:

Toan t c dung e ket hp va so sanh cac toan hang trong chng trnh hp ng.
Vi x ly
211
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bieu thc dung e ket hp cac so, cac chuoi ky t, cac ky hieu va cac toan t e tnh toan
ra so nh phan 16 bit. Dung bieu thc trong lap trnh se giup cho chng trnh de oc hn va
uyen chuyen hn.
Cac toan hang gom co: so, ky t, chuoi ky t va bo em v tr.
Cac toan t gom co: toan t so hoc, toan t nh phan, toan t quan he va cac toan t khac.
So: co the c s dung la:
So thap luc phan (hexadecimal = hex, co c so 16): H, h.
So thap phan (decimal, co c so 10): D, d hoac khong can ghi.
So bat phan (octal, co c so 8): O, o, Q, q.
So nh phan (binary, co c so 2): B, b.
Chu y: vi so hex neu k t so hex au tien ben trai la ch (t A en F) th phai co them k

t so 0 trc.
V du10: lenh nap d lieu F4H vao thanh ghi R0
MOV
R0,#0F4H
Ky t: cho phep toi a 2 ky t nam gia 2 dau nhay () co the c dung lam toan hang
trong bieu thc.
V du11: A co gia tr tng ng 0041H (bang ma ASCII)
AB co gia tr tng ng 4142H
a co gia tr tng ng la 0061H
ab co gia tr tng ng 6162H
Chung ta cung co the s dung ky t lam toan hang cho d lieu tc thi.
V du12:
MOV
R0,#0
2. CHUOI KY T (CHARACTER STRING):

Co the ket hp vi ch dan DB e nh ngha cac thong bao trong chng trnh hp ng.
V du13:
Keymsg
DB
press any key
Ch dan tren se tao ra mot vung nh d lieu cha cac ma ASCII tng ng la 50H (ch
P), 72H (ch r), 65H (ch e), , lu vao vung nh bat au t a ch keymsg.
3. BO EM V TR (LOCATION COUNTER):
Dung e xac nh a ch cua tng ma lenh trong chng trnh bien dch tuy thuoc vao ch
dan ORG.
Ky t $ se tra ve gia tr hien hanh cua bo em v tr.
V du14:
LOC
212
OBJ
LINE
SOURCE
Vi x ly

(v tr ma oi tng hang
1234
1
2
1234
04
3
start:
1235
80FD
4
5
12FC
6
12FC 4134
7
8
12FE 021304
9
1301
121307
10
11
1304
14
12
finish:
1305
4134
13
14
1307
7F00
15
delay:
1309
22
16
17
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
ma nguon)
org 1234h
INC
JMP
A
start
org
JMP
start+200
start
JMP finish
CALL delay
DEC
JMP
A
start
MOV
RET
end
r7,#0
4. CAC TOAN T SO HOC (ARITHMETIC OPERATION):
Toan t cong
expr + expr
Toan t tr
expr - expr
Toan t nhan
expr * expr
Toan t chia
expr / expr
Toan t chia lay phan d
mod
expr MOD expr
Trong o expr la bieu thc.

V du15:
MOV
MOV
A,#10 + 10H
A,#1AH
;hai lenh nay tng ng
MOV
MOV
A,#25 MOD 7
A,#4
5. CAC TOAN T LOGIC:
Toan t NOT: NOT expr
lay bu ao tng bit
Toan t SHR expr SHR n
dch sang phai n bit
Toan t SHL expr SHL
dch sang trai n bit
Toan t AND expr AND expr
and tng cap bit tng ng
Toan t OR
or tng cap bit tng ng
Toan t XOR expr XOR expr
expr OR
expr
xor tng cap bit tng ng
Trong o expr la bieu thc va x la so v tr can dch.

V du16: 3 lenh sau la tng ng
Vi x ly
213
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
THREE
MINUS3
EQU
EQU
3
-3
MOV
MOV
MOV
A,#(NOT THREE) +1
A,#MINUS3
A,#11111101B
6. CAC TOAN T QUAN HE (RELATION OPERATORS):

EQ
bang nhau (equal)
NE
<>
khong bang nhau (not equal)
LT
<
nho hn (less than)
LE
<=
nho hn hoac bang (less than or equal)
GT
>
ln hn (greater than)
GE
>=
ln hn hay bang (greater than or equal)
Ket qua luon tra ve ung (FFFFH) hoac sai (0000H).

V du17:
cac lenh sau la tng ng

MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
A,#5=5
A,#5 EQ 5
A,#5 NE 4
A,#5 <> 4
A,#0FFH
7. CAC TOAN T KHAC:

Toan t
LOW expr
co chc nang lay ket qua byte thap cua expr.
Toan t
HIGH expr
co chc nang lay ket qua byte cao cua expr.
V du18:
MOV
MOV
DPH,#HIGH(1234H)
DPH,#12H
;hai lenh nay tng tng
MOV
MOV
DPL,#LOW(1234H)
DPL,#34H
8. TH T U TIEN CUA CAC TOAN T:

Danh sach quyen u tien cua cac toan t c sap theo th t t cao nhat en thap nhat
nh bang 5-2:
214
Th t
Toan t
()
HIGH LOW
* /
MOD
SHL SHR
Vi x ly

4
EQ
NOT
AND
OR
XOR
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
NE
LT
LE GT GE = <> < <= > >=
Bang 5-2. Th t u tien cac toan t
Khi cac toan t c s dung co quyen u tien ngang nhau th viec tnh toan ra gia tr se
bat au tnh t trai sang phai.
V.
CAC CH DAN CHO ASSEMBLER:

La nhng ch th lenh cho assembler va c chia ra lam cac nhom nh sau:
-
ieu khien trang thai Assembler: ORG, END, USING.
nh ngha ky hieu: segment, equ, set, data, Idata, Xdata, bit, code.
Khi tao hay nh ngha trong bo nh: DS, DBIT, DB, DW.
Lien ket chng trnh: public, extrn, name.
Chon oan: Rseg, Cseg, Dseg, Iseg, Bseg, Xseg.
1.
CAC CH DAN IEU KHIEN TRANG THAI ASSEMBLER:
ORG: co chc nang thay oi bo em v tr cua segment hien thi e at goc chng trnh
mi cho cac phat bieu theo sau org.
Cach s dung: Org
expr
V du19:
2200
2200
2202
2204
7435
7435
7435
3000
3000
7435
2200h
MOV A,#35H
MOV A,#35H
MOV A,#35H
;khai bao a ch bat au 2200h
1
2
3
4
5
6
ORG
ORG ($+1000H) and 0F000h ;khai bao a ch bang a ch hien tai cong
MOV
END
A,#35H
;them 1000H va and vi F000H e chuyen

;sang 4 kbyte ke
Neu bo lenh AND vi F000H th a ch mi se la 3206H = 2206H + 1000H

Ta co the s dung khai bao ORG trong bat ky loai segment nao. Neu segment hien thi la
tuyet oi th gia tr se la a ch tuyet oi trong segment hien thi. Neu segment hien thi la tai
nh v c th gia tr cua bieu thc ORG c x ly nh offset cua a ch nen cua segment
hien thi.
Vi x ly
215
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
USING: co chc nang bao cho assembler biet bank thanh ghi tch cc hien thi, nhng no
khong chuyen bang thanh ghi, do o e co the s dung ung th ta phai s dung AR0 en AR7
sau khai bao USING thay v dung R0 en R7. Khi o assembler se t ong s dung ung thanh
ghi trong bang thanh ghi mong muon o va khi dch assembler se oi ARN sang a ch trc tiep.
Cach s dung: USING
expr
V du20:
USING 2
MOV AR3,#70H
MOV R0,#22H
Trong lenh th nhat, AR3 chnh la thanh ghi R3 cua bank thanh ghi 2 va se c thay the
bang a ch trc tiep la 13H. Trong lenh th hai, R0 van truy cap trong bank thanh ghi hien tai
la bank 0.
END: la phat bieu cuoi cung trong tap tin nguon, nhng g sau ch dan end se khong c
x ly.
2. CH DAN NH NGHA K HIEU:
Nhng ch dan nay tao cac ky hieu e bieu dien cac segment, cac thanh ghi, so va a ch.
Khong c s dung nhan cho ch dan. Nhng ky hieu c nh ngha bi cac ch dan nay la
duy nhat, ngoai tr ch dan SET cho phep nh ngha lai.
ta.
EQU hay SET: co chc nang gan 1 ky so hay ky hieu thanh ghi cho ten ky hieu c at
Cach s dung:
symbol
equ
expr
symbol
set
expr
Trong o symbol la ky hieu do ngi dung nh ngha va expr la bieu thc.

V du21:
BDN
GIAY
EQU
SET
R2
40
Segment: co chc nang khai bao segment tai nh v c.

Cach s dung:
symbol
segment
segment_type
Trong o symbol la ky hieu do ngi dung nh ngha va segment_type la kieu segment.

Co cac kieu segment nh sau:
216
Code:
segment ma chng trnh.
Xdata:
segment vung d lieu cha bo nh ben ngoai.
Data:
segment vung d lieu noi co a ch trc tiep t 00H7FH
Idata:
segment vung d lieu noi co a ch gian tiep t 00H7FH oi vi 8051 va
00HFFH oi vi 8052.
Bit:
20H2FH
segment vung nh bit nam trong vung nh cho phep truy xuat bit t
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
V du22:
EPROM
SEGMENT CODE
Khai bao ky hieu eprom la segment kieu code. Chu y phat bieu nay ch khai bao EPROM
la kieu code, e s dung segment nay th phai s dung ch dan RSEG
CODE/DATA/IDATA/XDATA/BIT
Dung e gan a ch cua kieu tng ng vi ky hieu, tuy nhien neu co s dung th
assembler kiem tra kieu.
V du23:
LOC
OBJ
LINE
SOURCE
0005
1
flag1
equ
05h
0005
2
flag2
bit
05h
0000
D205
3
SETB flag1
0002
D205
4
SETB flag2
0004
750500
5
MOV flag1,#0
0007
750500
6
MOV flag2,#0
*** ERROR #37, LINE #6 (0), DATA SEGMENT ADDRESS EXPECTED
7
end
SYMBOL TABLE LISTING
------ ----- ------NAME
TYPE VALUE
ATTRIBUTES
FLAG1. . . NUMB 0005H A

FLAG2. . . B ADDR 0020H.5 A
REGISTER BANK(S) USED: 0
ASSEMBLY COMPLETE, 1 ERROR FOUND (6)
Trong chng trnh v du tren ta a khai bao flag1 la o nh co a ch 05H, flag2 la bit co
a ch 05H. Hai lenh setb khi bien dch khong co loi v assembler xem chung la cac bit co a
ch 05H.
Lenh th 5 khi bien dch se xem flag1 la o nh co a ch 05H, nhng lenh th 5 th khi
bien dch se bao loi v lenh MOV khong the thc hien oi vi o nh bit.
3. CH DAN KHI TAO TR TRONG BO NH:
.DB (define byte): nh ngha byte, co chc nang khi tao vung nh ma vi cac gia tr kieu
byte.
Cach s dung: [label:]
db
expr [,expr][]
Trong o label la nhan do ngi dung nh ngha va expr la bieu thc.

V du24:
Vi x ly
217

LOC
OBJ
---0100
0101
C0
A4
0102
0106
LINE
48656C6C
6F
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
SOURCE
1
2
cseg
at
ma7d: db
0100h
0c0h,0a4h
3
4
msg:
'Hello'
5
6
------ ----- -------
db
end
.DW (define word): nh ngha t, co chc nang khi tao vung nh ma vi cac gia tr kieu
word.
dw
expr [,expr][]
Trong o label la nhan do ngi dung nh ngha va expr la bieu thc.

4. CH DAN DANH CHO TRONG BO NH:
.DS (define storage): nh ngha vung lu tr, co chc nang danh vung nh theo byte. Ch
dan nay co the c s dung trong bat ky loai segment nao ngoai tr DBIT.
ti.
ds
expr
Trong o label la nhan do ngi dung nh ngha va expr la bieu thc khong co tham chieu
Khi gap ch dan DS trong chng trnh th bo em v tr cua segment hien tai c tang
them so byte la gia tr cua expr.
V du25:
tao vung nh Ram noi 40 byte e lu d lieu:

DSEG
LEN
BUF:
V du26:
AT
EQU
DS
10H
40
LEN
;vung nh d lieu noi

;danh 40 byte bat au t a ch 10H
tao vung nh Ram ngoai 1000 byte e lu d lieu:

XSEG
XLEN
XBUF:
AT
EQU
DS
2000H
1000
LEN
;vung nh d lieu ngoai

;danh 1000 byte bat au t a ch 2000H
;bat au ma chng trnh

CSEG
LOOP:
AT
0000H
MOV
DPTR,#XBUF
CLR
;nap a ch cua vung nh ngoai vao dptr
MOVX @DPTR,A
218
INC
DPTR
MOV
A,DPL
CJNE
A,#LOW(XBUF+XLEN+1),LOOP
;so sanh a ch byte thap
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
MOV
A,DPH
CJNE
A,#HIGH(XBUF+XLEN),LOOP
SJMP
;so sanh a ch byte cao e ket thuc
END
.Dbit (define bit): nh ngha vung lu tr d lieu bit, co chc nang danh vung nh theo bit
trong segment bit.
dbit
expr
Trong o label la nhan do ngi dung nh ngha va expr la bieu thc khong co tham chieu
ti. Khi gap ch dan DBIT trong chng trnh th bo em v tr cua segment BIT hien tai c
tang them vi so bit la gia tr cua expr.
V du27:
LOC
OBJ
---0000
0001
0002
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
---0030
0031
0033
---0000 D231
Vi x ly
LINE
SOURCE
;ch dan vung nh bit mac nhien bat au t 00H
bseg
kbflag:
pbflag:
dbflag:
dbit
dbit
dbit
1
1
1
bseg
at
30h
F1:
F2:
F3:
DBIT
DBIT
DBIT
;ch dan vung nh bit bat au t 30H
1
2
1
cseg
setb F2
end
219
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

------ ----- ------NAME
TYPE
VALUE
DBFLAG . .
F1 . . . .
F2 . . . .
F3 . . . .
KBFLAG . .
PBFLAG . .
B ADDR
B ADDR
B ADDR
B ADDR
B ADDR
B ADDR
0020H.2
0026H.0
0026H.1
0026H.3
0020H.0
0020H.1
ATTRIBUTES
;bit co a ch bit la 02H cua o nh co a ch 20H
A
A
A
A
A
A
5. CAC CH DAN LIEN KET CHNG TRNH:

Cho phep cac module (cac tap tin) c hp dch rieng co the lien lac vi nhau bang cach
cho phep tham chieu gia cac module va at ten cac module.
Public: Liet ke cac ky hieu co the c s dung trong cac module oi tng khac.
Cach s dung: public
symbol [,symbol][,..]
Trong o ky hieu symbol c khai bao trong Public phai c nh ngha trong module
hien hanh.
V du28:
Public inchar, outchar, inline, outstr, extern
Extrn: Liet ke cac ky hieu c tham chieu trong module nguon hien hanh nhng chung
c khai bao trong cac module khac.
Cach s dung: extrn
segment_type(symbol [,symbol][,..])
Cac segment_type la CODE, XDATA, DATA, IDATA, BIT va NUMBER (NUMBER la ky

hieu khong co kieu c nh ngha bang EQU).
V du29: Co 2 tap tin MAIN.SRC va message.SRC
;main.src
Extrn code (HELLO, GOOD_BYE)
CALL HELLO
CALL GOOD_BYE
END
;MESSAGE.SRC
PUBLIC
HELLO, GOOD_BYE
HELLO;
RET
GOOD_BYE;
RET
220
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hai module tren khong phai la chng trnh ay u: chung c bien dch rieng va lien ket
vi nhau e tao chng trnh kha thi. Trong khi lien ket, cac tham chieu ngoai c thay the vi
a ch ung cho cac lenh CALL.
Name: dung e at ten cua module oi tng c sinh ra trong chng trnh hien hanh.
Cach s dung: Name module_name
Trong o module_name la ten module.
6. CAC CH DAN CHON SEGMENT:
Segment la khoi cha ma lenh hay vung nh cha d lieu ma assembler tao ra t ma hay
d lieu trong tap tin nguon hp ng 8051. Khi Assembler gap ch dan chon segment th no se
chuyen hng ma hoac d lieu theo sau vao segment c chon cho en khi gap ch dan chon
segment khac.
.RSEG (relocatable segment segment tai nh v c): cho phep chon segment tai nh
c ma a nh ngha trc bang segment.
Cach s dung: Rseg segment_name
Trong o segment_name la ten segment a nh ngha trc o.
Ch dan nay chuyen hng ma va d lieu theo sau vao oan segment_name cho en khi
gap ch dan chon segment khac.
Cac kieu ch dan chon segment CSEG/ DSEG/ ISEG/ XSEG Cho phep chon 1 segment
tuyet oi.
Cach s dung: aSEG [at address]
Trong o a co the la C, D, I, B hoac X va address la a ch.
V du30:
LOC
OBJ
---0070
0071
---0000
0001
0002
---0000 750000 F
VI.
LINE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
SOURCE
onchip
EPROM
bseg
SEGMENT
SEGMENT
data
code
;cac segment tai nh v c

;segment bit tuyet oi
at
70h
flag1:
flag2:
dbit
dbit
1
2
Rseg
total:
count:
sum16:
onchip
ds
1
ds
1
ds
2
;bat au segment d lieu tai nh v c
rseg
begin:
eprom
mov total,#0
;bat au segment ma tai nh v c
end
CAC IEU KHIEN CUA TRNH BIEN DCH ASSEMBLER:
Vi x ly
221
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Ta co the at cac dong ieu khien trong chng trnh nguon e ieu khien nhng cong viec
nh ket xuat (listing). Moi dong ieu khien bat au bang ky t ch $ va theo sau no la danh
sach cac t khoa ieu khien cach nhau bi khoang trong.
Phan ln cac t khoa ieu khien nay co dang tch cc va khong tch cc va thng t khoa
ieu khien viet tat bang 2 ky t.
Mot so t khoa ieu khien thong dung c liet ke bang sau:
Ten ieu khien
Viet tat
Mac
nhien
Y ngha
PAGELENGTH(n)
PL
PL(60)
at so dong toi a cho moi trang cua tap tin ket xuat
(tam v tr t 10 en 65536)
PAGEWIDTH(n)
PW
PW(120)
at so ky t toi a cho moi dong (tam tr t 72 en 132)
XREF/NOXREF
XR/NOXR
NOXR
Tao bang liet ke tham chieu cheo cua tat ca cac ky hieu
s dung trong chng trnh.
EJECT
GEN/NOGEN
INCLUDE
(filename)
LIST/NOLIST
SAVE/RESTORE
TITLE(string)
EJ
GE/NOGE
Tiep tuc ket xuat trang ke.

NOGE
IC
LI/NOLI
Tao ra ay u cac khai trien macro.

Ch tap tin co ten filename xem nh la mot phan cua
chng trnh.
LI
SA/RS
TT
In nhng dong ma nguon lien tuc trong tap tin ket xuat.
Lu tr nhng cai at ieu khien cho LIST va GEN, va
lay lai t ngan xep.
at chuoi ky t string au trang toi a 60 ky t.
Bang 5-3. Cac t khoa ieu khien khi bien dch.
VII. HOAT ONG LIEN KET LINKER:

Vi nhng ng dung ln ngi lap trnh thng chia chng trnh thanh nhieu chng trnh
con hay cac module va co the tai nh v c.
Ta can chng trnh lien ket va nh v e ket hp cac module thanh mot module oi tng
tuyet oi ma co the thc thi c. Tat ca cac ky hieu ngoai c thay the bang cac gia tr ung
va c at vao trong cac tap tin xuat c minh hoa nh hnh 5-2:
Hnh 5-2. Hoat ong cua chng trnh linker co ten la RL51.
222
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
VIII. S DUNG MACRO:

Phng tien x ly macro cua ASM51 la phng tien thay the chuoi ky t. Macro cho phep
cac phan ma s dung thng xuyen se c nh ngha mot lan bang cach dung t gi nh n
gian va co the s dung bat ky cho nao trong chng trnh bang cach chen vao t gi nh o.
Ta co the nh ngha macro bat ky cho nao trong chng trnh nguon va sau o s dung
nh cac lenh khac. Cu phap cua nh ngha macro nh sau:
%*define (call_pattern) (macro_body)
Trong o call_pattern la t gi nh do ngi dung nh ngha va macro_body la than macro
chnh la oan chng trnh thng lap lai.
e phan biet vi cac lenh that th ngi ta at them ky hieu % trc ten macro va khi
hp dch th tat ca cac lenh trong than macro c thay the vao ni goi chng trnh macro.
V du31:
Neu nh ngha macro sau au tap tin nguon

%*define (push_dptr)
(
PUSH DPH
PUSH DPL
)
Th khi gap phat bieu %push_dptr trong chng trnh nguon th trnh bien dch se thay
the bang 2 lenh tren
PUSH
PUSH
DPH
DPL
trong tap tin .lst

Cac tien li khi s dung macro:
-
Chng trnh nguon co s dung macro th de oc hn v t gi nh cua macro cho biet y

ngha cua cong viec phai thc hien.
Chng trnh ngan gon hn nen t anh may hn.
S dung macro se lam giam bt loi.
S dung macro giup cho ngi lap trnh khong phai ban ron vi nhng chi tiet cap thap.
1.
TRUYEN THAM SO CHO MACRO:

Macro vi cac tham so c truyen t chng trnh chnh co dang nh sau:
%*define (macro_name (parameter_list)) (macro_body)
Trong o macro_name la ten macro, parameter_list la danh sach cac tham so va
macro_body la than macro.
V du32:
nh ngha macro co truyen tham so nh sau

%*define (cmpa#(value))
(
CJNE A,#%value,$+3
)
Vi x ly
223
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Th khi goi phai truyen tham so nh sau:

%Cmpa#(20H)
Khi bien dch se tr thanh

CJNE A,#20H,$+3
Chu y: lenh cjne la lenh 3 byte, do o $+3 chnh la a ch cua lenh ke nam sau lenh cjne.
V du33:
e thc hien lenh nhay neu ln hn th ta co the tao macro nh sau:

%*define (JGT(value,label))
(
CJNE a,#%value+1,$+3
;so sanh vi gia tr (value+1) roi nhay ti $+3
JNC
)
;nhay ti label neu c C = 0 co ngha la ln hn
%label
2. MACRO VI NHAN CUC BO:

Ta cung co the s dung cac nhan cuc bo trong macro co dang nh sau:
%*define (macro_name [(parameter_list)])
[local list_of_labels](macro_body)
Trong o macro_name la ten macro, parameter_list la danh sach cac tham so,
list_of_labels la danh sach cac nhan cuc bo va macro_body la than macro.
V du34:
nh ngha macro co nhan cuc bo nh sau
%*define (dec_dptr) local skip

(
DEC DPL
MOV A,DPL
CJNE A,#0FFh,%skip
DEC DPH
%Skip:)
Khi macro c goi

%dec_dptr
Th trnh bien dch se thay the lenh goi tren bang cac lenh a nh ngha trong macro file
.lst nh sau:
DEC DPL
MOV A,DPL
CJNE A,#0FFh,skip00
DEC DPH
Skip00:
Nhan cuc bo khong quan he vi nhan co cung ten trong chng trnh chnh v trnh bien
dch ASM51 a t ong them vao ma so i theo sau nhan cuc bo khi bien dch.
224
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Nhng neu chung ta nh ngha macro nh sau th khi bien dch ASM51 se khong oi ten
nhan cuc bo:
%*define (dec_dptr) local skip
(
DEC DPL
MOV A,DPL
CJNE A,#0FFH,SKIP
DEC DPH
Skip:)
3. TAC VU REPEAT (LAP LAI):

:La mot trong cac macro c xay dng san trong Assembler. Cu phap:
%repeat (expression) (text)
Trong o expression la bieu thc va text la van ban can lap lai.
V du35:
e thc hien 100 lenh NOP th ta co the s dung macro repeat nh sau:
%repeat(100)
(
Nop
)
Khi bien dch th trong file .lst se thay hang lenh tren bang 100 lenh NOP.
4. CAC TAC VU IEU KHIEN:
ASM51 cung cap cac nh ngha macro luong ieu khien e cho phep hp dch co ieu
kien cac phan ma. Dang lenh macro nh sau:
Cu phap:
%IF (expression) THEN (balaneced_text)
[ELSE (balaneced_text)]
Trong o expression la bieu thc va balaneced_text la van ban can thay oi theo ieu kien.
V du36:
internal
equ
; 1= 8051 serial I/O drivers

; 0= 8052 serial I/O drivers
(inchar:
Outchar:
%IF (internal) THEN

;8051 drivers
;cac lenh nhan ky t hay d lieu
;cac lenh truyen ky t hay d lieu
)ELSE
(inchar:
;8052 drivers
Vi x ly
;cac lenh nhan ky t hay d lieu

225
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Outchar:
;cac lenh truyen ky t hay d lieu
)
Neu bien INTERNAL = 1 th thc hien viec truyen d lieu theo kieu cua 8051 nhng neu
INTERNAL = 0 th truyen d lieu theo kieu cua 8052.
IX.
CACH VIET CHNG TRNH HP NG:

1.
GII THIEU:
-
ac iem cua chng trnh la: giam bt mc o phc tap, cong viec hay tac vu x ly ro
rang tien li cho viec g roi va chnh sa.
Cac ky thuat e phat trien chng trnh: lap trnh co cau truc, mot chng trnh co cau
truc cha mot he phan cap cac chng trnh con.
Ch co 3 cau truc trong chng trnh: cac phat bieu, cac vong lap va cac la chon.
ac tnh cua cau truc: moi cau truc co mot iem vao duy nhat va mot iem ra duy nhat.
iASM51 cung cap cac nh ngha macro luong ieu khien e cho phep hp dch co ieu
2. PHAN TCH :
a.
Phat bieu (statement):
V du 37:
Gan gia tr cho 1 bien bang pseudo-code (ma gia) la

[count=0]
V du 38:
Goi 1 chng trnh con bang pseudo-code

Print_string(select option)
V du 39:
Khoi phat bieu bang pseudo-code

Begin
[statement1]
[statement2]
[statement3]
end
b.
Cau truc lap while/do:
V du 40:
Minh hoa mot cau truc while/do khi c C = 1 th thc thi phat bieu:
pseudo-code:
while [c==1] do [statement]
ma 8051:
enter:
JNC skip
(phat bieu)
skip:
226
[statement]
(tiep tuc)
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
V du 41:
Yeu cau bai toan: Chng trnh con tnh tong SUM cua mot chuoi so: tong so
d lieu dang byte lu trong thanh ghi R7 va a ch bat au cua vung d lieu lu trong thanh ghi
R0, ket qua tong lu trong thanh ghi A.
Vi pseudo-code:
[summ =0]
while [chieu_dai>0] do
begin
[sum= sum+@pointer]
[pointer=pointer+1]
;tang pointer
[chieu_dai=chieu_dai - 1]
;giam chieu dai
end
Vi ma lenh 8051 (viet theo pseudo-code)
Sum:
CLR
Loop:
CJNE
R7,#0, continues
JMP
exit
continues: ADD
exit:
A,@R0
INC
R0
DEC
R7
JMP
Loop
RET
Vi ma lenh 8051 (viet gon hn)

Sum:
CLR
continues: ADD
A
A,@R0
INC
R0
DJNZ
R7,continues
RET
Trong kieu th 3 nay chng trnh c viet gon hn nh phai thoa ieu kien la R7 > 0.
V du 42:
Yeu cau bai toan: s dung cau truc while/do e thc thi phat bieu khi thanh
ghi A khac 0Dh va thanh ghi R7 khac 0.
Pseudo-code:
While [acc != 0DH and R7!= 0] do [statements]
enter:
skip:
CJNE
A,#0DH, skip
JMP
exit
CJNE
R7,#0,statement
JMP
exit
statement:
Vi x ly
227

JMP
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
enter
Exit:
c.
Cau truc vong lap repeat/until:
V du43:
Yeu cau bai toan: viet chng trnh con tm kiem ma ky t Z trong mot chuoi
ky t (ket thuc bang ky t rong) co a ch bat au lu thanh ghi R0. Thanh ghi A c tra ve vi
ky t ASCII Z neu no co trong chuoi ky t, ngc lai th thanh ghi A cha gia tr 0.
pseudo-code:
repeat
[Acc=@pointer]
[increament pointer]
Until [acc ==Z or Acc=0]

statement: MOV
exit:
d.
A,@R0
INC
R0
JZ
exit
CJNE
A,#Z,statement
RET
Cau truc la chon if/then/else:
V du 44:
Yeu cau bai toan: viet chng trnh kiem tra thanh ghi A: neu MSB cua thanh
ghi A bang 1 th nap gia tr FFH va ngc lai nap 00H vao thanh ghi A.
pseudo-code:
if [MSB ACC ==1]
then [ACC = FFH]
else [ACC=0]
Vi ma lenh 8051
begin:
statement1:
statement2:
RLC
JNC
statement2
MOV
A,#0FFH
JMP
exit
CLR
exit:
Cau truc la chon (case):

V du45:
Yeu cau bai toan: Gia s co mot chng trnh con co ten la INCH khi c goi
e oc cac phm nhan [0, 1, 2, 3] tra ve ma ASCII cua phm c lu trong thanh ghi A.
Hay viet chuoi lenh oc phm nhan va thc thi oan lenh tng ng.
pseudo-code:
case [kytu] of
0:
228
[statement 0]
Vi x ly

1:
[statement 1]
2:
[statement 2]
3:
[statement 3]
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
End_case
Vi ma lenh 8051
CALL inch
CJNE A,#0,skip1
Xulyphim0:
JMP
;x ly cong viec ng vi phm 0

exit
;ket thuc
Skip1:
CJNE A,#1,skip2
Xulyphim1:
JMP

exit
Skip2:
CJNE A,#2,skip3
Xulyphim2:
JMP

exit
Skip3:
CJNE A,#3,exit
Xulyphim3:
JMP

exit
Phong cach lap trnh:

Chng trnh phai ro rang va nhat quan v ieu nay rat quan trong neu chung ta lap trnh
theo nhom gom nhieu ngi.
Cach at ten nhan trong chng trnh: cac nhan ch co the c gan mot lan trong moi
chng trnh. S dung cac nhan phai lam cho viec oc chng trnh ro rang va de dang hn.
Vi cac lenh c lap lai th cac nhan nen at ten la: loop, back, more,
Vi lenh re nhanh chng trnh va nhay qua nhieu lenh th nen at ten nhan la: skip,
ahead,
Vi lenh re nhanh chng trnh khi oc bit trang thai th nen at ten nhan la: wait, again,..
Co the s dung cac ten nhan c sap xep tuan t nh: skip1, skip2, skip3,
Cach chu thch lenh va chu thch khoi: khong nen chu thch moi dong ma lenh ma ch chu
thch nhng lenh co ngha an.
V du 46:
PUSH 00H
;cat R0 vao ngan xep
MOV R0,#60h
;R0 quan ly vung nh co a ch bat au t 60h
MOV R7,#31
;R7 dung lam bo em
V du 47:
Vi x ly
Cac dong lenh sau th can chu thch:
Cac dong lenh sau th khong can phai chu thch v lenh a ro rang:
PUSH ACC
;cat A vao ngan xep
INC
R0
;tang R0
DEC
r7
;giam bo em1
229
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Cac chu thch khoi co bat au moi chng trnh con va cac chu thch bao gom:
-
Ten cua chng trnh con.
Chc nang va gii han cua chng trnh con.
Cac ieu kien nhap xuat hay con goi la d lieu au vao va d lieu sau khi x ly.
Cac chng trnh con khac s dung trong chng trnh con nay.
Cac thanh ghi c s dung.
V du :
Mot chng trnh minh hoa:
;------------------------------------------------------;ten chng trnh:

;chc nang:
;d lieu vao:
;d lieu ra:
;cac chng trnh con s dung:
;cac thanh ghi co s dung:
;-------------------------------------------------------
Lu tr noi dung thanh ghi va khoi phuc:

Khi goi mot chng trnh con th chng trnh con o se s dung mot so thanh ghi e phuc
vu cho viec x ly nen chung ta phai tien hanh viec lu d lieu cua cac thanh ghi o vao ngan
xep va tien hanh lay lai trc khi ket thuc chng trnh con.
To chc chng trnh:
Cac phan chng trnh c sap xep theo th t nh sau:
-
Cho bang
Cac lenh khi tao tr.
Chng trnh chnh.
Cac chng trnh con.
Khai bao vung d lieu hang so.
Cac o nh d lieu RAM (s dung ch dan DS).
return
230
Vi x ly
Chng 6
CAC LINH KIEN SO

1. IC CHOT
2. IC GIAI MA
3. IC EM
4. IC NH ERPOM VA RAM
CAC LINH KIEN IC NGOAI VI
1. IC NGOAI VI LAP TRNH 8255A
a.
S o chan va s o khoi cua 8255A
b.
Cau truc t ieu khien cua 8255A
2. IC NGOAI VI LAP TRNH 8279
a.
S o chan va s o khoi cua 8279
b.
Cau truc t ieu khien cua 8279
c.
ng dung 8279
THIET KE HE THONG VI X LY
1.
BAI THIET KE SO 1
2.
BAI THIET KE SO 2
BAI TAP
Chng 6. Thiet ke he thong vi x ly.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
LIET KE CAC HNH

Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
232
6-1. S o chan va s o logic IC chot 74573.

6-2. S o chan va s o logic IC giai ma 74138.
6-3. Ket noi 4 IC giai ma 74138 e giai ma 5 ng sang 32 ng.
6-4. S o chan va s o logic IC giai ma 74139.
6-5. S o chan va s o logic IC em 74245.
6-6. S o chan va s o logic IC em 74244.
6-7. S logic IC em 74244 chia ra lam 2 khoi.
6-8. S o chan IC nh ho 27xxx.
6-9. S o chan IC2716, 2732, 2764.
6-10. Dang song truy xuat bo nh 2716.
6-11. S o chan va s o logic IC nh 6264.
6-12. Dang song oc bo nh RAM 6264.
6-13. Dang song ghi d lieu vao bo nh RAM 6264.
6-14. S o chan va s o logic IC nh 62256.
6-15. S o chan va s o logic cua IC 8255A.
6-16. S o khoi cua IC 8255A.
6-17. Cau truc t ieu khien th nhat cua IC 8255A.
6-18. T ieu khien khi 2 nhom A, B lam viec mode 0.
6-19. T ieu khien khi 2 nhom A, B lam viec mode 1.
6-20. Port A cua IC 8255A hoat ong mode 1 nhan d lieu.
6-21. Dang song cua cac ng tn hieu ieu khien port A input.
6-22. Port A cua IC 8255A hoat ong mode 1 xuat d lieu.
6-23. Dang song cua cac ng tn hieu ieu khien port A output.
6-24. Port B cua IC 8255A hoat ong mode 1 nhan d lieu.
6-25. Port B cua IC 8255A hoat ong mode 1 xuat d lieu.
6-26. T ieu khien hoat ong mode 2 cua nhom A.
6-27. Nhom A cua IC 8255A hoat ong mode 2.
6-28. Dang song cua cac ng tn hieu ieu khien nhom A.
6-29. T ieu khien th 2 cua IC 8255A.
6-30. S o chan va s o logic cua IC 8279.
6-31. T ieu khien keyboard/Display mode set cua IC 8279.
6-32. T ieu khien Program clock cua IC 8279.
6-33. T ieu khien Red FIFO/sensor RAM cua IC 8279.
6-34. T ieu khien Display RAM cua IC 8279.
6-35. T ieu khien End Interrupt cua IC 8279.
6-36. T ieu khien Write Display RAM cua IC 8279.
6-37. T ieu khien Clear cua IC 8279.
6-38. Ba bit CD cua t ieu khien Clear.
6-39. Cau truc ma phm cua IC 8279.
6-40a. S o nguyen ly cua khoi vi x ly va IC chot.
6-40b. S o nguyen ly cua khoi bo nh vi vi x ly.
6-40c. S o nguyen ly cua khoi 2 IC ngoai vi 8255.
6-40d. S o nguyen ly cua khoi ngoai vi 8279 vi ban phm va led 7 oan.
6-40e S o nguyen ly cua 8 led hien th quet.
6-40f. S o nguyen ly cua khoi ma tran phm 8x3.
Vi x ly

Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
6-41a. S o nguyen ly cua khoi bo nh va IC giai ma.

6-41b. S o nguyen ly cua khoi ngoai vi 8255.
6-41c. S o nguyen ly cua khoi 8279.
6-42a. S o nguyen ly cua khoi vi x ly va IC chot.
6-42b. S o nguyen ly cua khoi ngoai vi.
6-42c. S o nguyen ly cua khoi bo nh.
LIET KE CAC BANG

Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
6-1. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC chot 74573.

6-2. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC giai ma 74138.
6-3. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC giai ma 74139.
6-4. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC em 74245.
6-5. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC em 74244.
6-6. Ten cac chan cua IC nh ho 27.
6-7. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC2716.
6-10. Bang thong so thi gian hoat ong cua IC2716.
6-11. Ten cac chan cua IC nh 6264.
6-13. Bang thong so thi gian hoat ong oc cua IC 6264.
6-14. Bang thong so thi gian hoat ong ghi cua RAM 6264.
6-15. Ten cac chan va bang trang thai cua IC nh 62256.
6-16. Ten cac chan cua IC 8255A.
6-17. Ten cac chan cua IC 8279.
6-18. Cac mod hien th khac nhau cua 8279.
6-19. Cac mod quet ma tran phm khac nhau cua 8279.
6-20. Bang a ch bo nh.
6-21. Bang a ch IO.
6-22. Bang a ch bo nh gom bo nh va IO.
6-23. Bang a ch bo nh cho 4 eprom va 1 ram.
6-24. Bang a ch bo nh cho 4 rom va 4 ram.
Vi x ly
233
II.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
CAC LINH KIEN IC SO:

1.
IC CHOT:
Trong he thong vi x ly co a hp a ch va d lieu th khi ket noi vi x ly vi he thong phai

tien hanh tach rieng tng ng a ch va d lieu. Cac IC thng c dung e tach a ch va d
lieu la IC chot 8 bit 74573.
S o chan va s o k hieu logic nh hnh 6-1:
Hnh 6-1. S o chan va s o logic IC chot 74573.
Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC chot 74573.
Bang 6-1. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC chot 74573.
Trong bang trang thai th khi ngo cho phep chot (LE) mc cao (H) th d lieu ngo ra Q phu
thuoc vao d lieu ngo vao D (Q = D), khi LE mc thap d lieu tai cac ngo ra c chot lai khong
phu con phu thuoc d lieu cua ngo vao (khong thay oi) bat chap d lieu ngo vao. Khi o ta xem
d lieu a c chot lai.
Chan ieu khien cho phep OE tch cc mc thap. Khi OE mc cao th 8 ngo ra se trang
thai tong tr cao.
234
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
2. IC GIAI MA
Trong he thong vi x ly thng ket noi vi nhieu bo nh va nhieu thiet b ngoai vi khac
nhau. V cac bo nh va thiet b ngoai vi s dung chung bus a ch va bus d lieu nen phai tien
hanh giai ma e phan chia cac vung nh khac nhau cho cac bo nh va cac thiet b ngoai vi sao cho
mot a ch tng ng vi 1 o nh duy nhat.
Cac IC so thng c dung e giai ma bo nh trong cac he thong vi x ly la cac cong logic,
cac IC giai ma va cac IC PROM hay PAL,
Trong phan nay gii thieu cac IC giai ma thng s dung nh IC 74139 giai ma 2 ng sang
4 ng va IC 74138 giai ma 3 ng sang 8 ng.
S o chan va s o k hieu logic nh hnh 6-2:
Hnh 6-2. S o chan va s o logic IC giai ma 74138.
Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC giai ma 74138.
Bang 6-2. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC giai ma 74138.
Trong bang trang thai, 3 trang thai au th IC khong c phep giai ma tat ca cac ngo ra
eu mc H.
Vi x ly
235
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
8 trang thai con lai cho phep giai ma 8 ngo ra theo 3 ngo vao, moi mot trang thai co 1 ngo ra
mc L.
Khi can nhieu ngo ra th ket noi nhieu IC giai ma 74138 v du nh can giai ma 5 ng sang
32 ng th se dung 4 IC giai ma ket noi nh hnh 6-3:
Hnh 6-3. Ket noi 4 IC giai ma 74138 e giai ma 5 ng sang 32 ng.
Cung ho vi IC giai ma 74138 th con IC giai ma 74139 giai ma 2 ng sang 4 ng co s

o chan va s o logic nh hnh 6-4:
Hnh 6-4. S o chan va s o logic IC giai ma 74139.
Trong IC giai ma 74139 co 2 mach giai ma 2 ng sang 4 ng.

Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC giai ma 74139.
236
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bang 6-3. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC giai ma 74139.
trang thai au tien th chan cho phep E mc H se khong cho phep giai ma, cac ngo ra
mc H. 4 trang thai con lai th cho phep giai ma, ngo ra tch cc mc thap.
3. IC EM:
Cac IC em co dong vao, dong ra, ap vao, ap ra ln e em cac ng a ch va cac ng
d lieu khi vi x ly ket noi vi nhieu IC nh hay IC ngoai vi. Co 2 dang IC em: em 1 chieu va
em 2 chieu.
em 2 chieu thng s dung la IC74245 co s o chan va s o logic nh hnh 6-5:
Hnh 6-5. S o chan va s o logic IC em 74245.
Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC em 74245.
Bang 6-4. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC em 74245.
Vi x ly
237
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong bang trang thai th 2 trang thai au OE = L cho phep IC hoat ong va neu Direction =
L th d lieu truyen t bus ngo vao B sang bus ngo ra A, Direction = H th d lieu truyen t bus ngo
vao A sang bus ngo ra B. Khi OE = H th cac bus trang thai tong tr cao.
IC 74245 thng c dung e em bus d lieu hai chieu cua vi x ly.
Ngoai IC em 2 chieu con co cac IC em mot chieu 74244 va IC em ao 74240:
em 1 chieu thng s dung la IC74244 co s o chan va s o logic nh hnh 6-6:
Hnh 6-6. S o chan va s o logic IC em 74244.
Trong s o logic hnh 6-7 se thay ro rang hn ve IC em 74244: trong IC 74244 chia ra lam
2 khoi em 4 bit hoat ong oc lap.
Hnh 6-7. S logic IC em 74244 chia ra lam 2 khoi.
Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC em 74244.
238
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bang 6-5. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC em 74244.
Trong bang trang thai th 2 trang thai au OE = L cho phep IC em d lieu. Khi OE = H th
cac ngo ra trang thai tong tr cao.
IC 74240 la IC em hoat ong giong nh IC em 74244 nhng ngo ra b ao.
4. IC NH EPROM, SRAM
Trong cac he thong vi x ly luon s dung bo nh ROM va bo nh RAM e lu chng trnh
va d lieu x ly. Tuy thuoc vao yeu cau ma he thong bo nh c s dung nhieu hay t.
Cac bo nh ROM thng s dung la loai EPROM ho 27, loai EEPROM ho 28, ho
29.
Bo nh RAM s dung nhieu loai va pho bien la ho 62.
Khao sat EPROM ho 27: bao gom 2716 en 27512 nh hnh 6-8:
Hnh 6-8. S o chan IC nh ho 27xxx.
Trong s o tong quat hnh 6-8 th cac IC 2716 va 2732 ch co 24 chan, cac IC t 2764 en
27512 th co 28 chan, e quan sat ro hn hay xem hnh 6-9. EPROM 2716 co dung lng 2 Kbyte,
2732 co dung lng 4Kbyte, 2764 co dung lng 8Kbyte.
Vi x ly
239
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-9. S o chan IC2716, 2732, 2764.
Ten cua cac chan nh bang 6-6:
Bang 6-6. Ten cac chan cua IC nh ho 27.
Bang trang thai hoat ong cua cac IC nh 2716, 2732 va 2764: nh cac bang 6-7, 6-8, 6-9.
Bang 6-7. Bang trang thai hoat ong cua IC2716.
240
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong bang trang thai liet ke ay u cac trang thai nhng neu s dung trong he thong giao
tiep vi vi x ly th ch can quan tam en cac trang thai sau: Read, Standby va Output
Disable. Cac trang thai con lai danh cho cac nha nghien cu thiet ke bo nap Eprom.
Khi s dung bo nh ket noi vi vi x ly th can phai quan tam en cac thong so cua IC nh
cho ay u trong datasheet cua IC. Co rat nhieu thong so nhng ngi s dung can biet cac thong
so c ban o la thi gian try xuat bo nh. Hnh 6-10 trnh bay dang song truy xuat bo nh cua IC
nh 2716:
Hnh 6-10. Dang song truy xuat bo nh 2716.
Phan tch dang song: sau khi bo nh 2716 nhan c a ch a xac lap, tiep theo chan ieu
khien CE chuyen trang thai t H xuong mc L e cho phep bo nh, tiep theo chan OE chuyen
trang thai t H xuong mc L e cho phep xuat d lieu.
Nhn vao dang song th ta thay co 3 thong so:
Vi x ly
241
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Thong so tOE c tnh t khi chan OE xuong mc L cho en khi d lieu xuat ra bus.
Thong so tCE c tnh t khi chan CE xuong mc L cho en khi d lieu xuat ra bus.
Thong so tACC c tnh t khi a ch xac lap cho en khi d lieu xuat ra bus (thong so
nay thng c goi la thi gian truy xuat).
Ca 3 thong so c cho bang 6-10. Trong bang nay liet ke cac thong so cho 2 loai bo nh.
Bang 6-10. Bang thong so thi gian hoat ong cua IC2716.
Khao sat SRAM ho 62: bao gom 6264 va 62256, 62512:

SRAM 6264: bo nh nay co dung lng 8 kbyte co s o chan va s o logic nh hnh 6-11:
Hnh 6-11. S o chan va s o logic IC nh 6264.
Ten cua cac chan nh bang 6-11:
242
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bang 6-11. Ten cac chan cua IC nh 6264.
Bang trang thai hoat ong cua cac IC nh 6264 nh bang 6-12:
Dang song oc d lieu t bo nh RAM 6264 va cac thong so: Tng t nh bo nh EPROM khi s
dung phai quan tam en cac thong so truy xuat bo nh oc va ghi d lieu. Hnh 6-12 trnh bay
dang song oc d lieu bo nh cua RAM 6264:
Hnh 6-12. Dang song oc bo nh RAM 6264.
Phan tch dang song: sau khi bo nh 6264 nhan c a ch a xac lap, tiep theo cac chan
ieu khien CE1 va CE2 chuyen sang trang thai cho phep bo nh, tiep theo chan OE chuyen trang
thai t H xuong mc L e cho phep xuat d lieu.
-
Thong so tDOE c tnh t khi chan OE xuong mc L cho en khi d lieu xuat ra bus.
Vi x ly
243
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Thong so tACE1 c tnh t khi chan CE1 xuong mc L cho en khi d lieu xuat ra bus.
Thong so tACE2 c tnh t khi chan CE2 xuong mc L cho en khi d lieu xuat ra bus.
Thong so tAA c tnh t khi a ch xac lap cho en khi d lieu xuat ra bus (thong so
nay thng c goi la thi gian truy xuat).
Ca 3 thong so c cho bang 6-13.
Bang 6-13. Bang thong so thi gian hoat ong oc cua IC 6264.
Dang song ghi d lieu vao bo nh RAM 6264 va cac thong so: dang song ghi d lieu vao o nh cua
RAM 6264 nh hnh 6-13:
Hnh 6-13. Dang song ghi d lieu vao bo nh RAM 6264.
Phan tch dang song: sau khi bo nh 6264 nhan c a ch a xac lap, tiep theo cac chan
ieu khien CE1 va CE2 chuyen sang trang thai cho phep bo nh, tiep theo chan WE chuyen trang
thai t H xuong mc L e cho phep ghi d lieu.
244
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Thong so tPWE c tnh t khi chan WE xuong mc L cho en khi d lieu c ghi.
Thong so tSCE1 c tnh t khi chan CE1 xuong mc L cho en khi d lieu c ghi.
Thong so tSCE2 c tnh t khi chan CE2 xuong mc L cho en khi d lieu c ghi.
Thong so tWC c tnh t khi a ch xac lap cho en khi d lieu c ghi (thong so nay
thng c goi la chu ky ghi).
Ca 3 thong so c cho bang 6-14.
Bang 6-14. Bang thong so thi gian hoat ong ghi cua RAM 6264.
SRAM 62256: bo nh nay co dung lng 32 kbyte co s o chan va s o logic nh hnh 6-14:
Hnh 6-14. S o chan va s o logic IC nh 62256.
Ten cua cac chan va bang trang thai hoat ong nh bang 6-15:
Vi x ly
245
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bang 6-15. Ten cac chan va bang trang thai cua IC nh 62256.
III.
CAC LINH KIEN IC NGOAI VI :

1. IC ngoai vi lap trnh 8255A:
Vi x ly khong the trc tiep ieu khien cac thiet b du ch ieu khien 1 bong en Led, moi
thiet b ngoai vi muon giao tiep vi vi x ly eu thong qua cac IC ngoai vi.
Cung vi vi x ly th co rat nhieu IC ngoai vi co cac chc nang khac nhau phuc vu cho vi x
ly nh a trnh bay phan trc. Mot trong nhng IC c s dung pho bien nhat la IC ngoai vi
8255A.
IC ngoai vi 8255A c che tao theo cong nghe LSI dung e giao tiep gia vi x ly va thiet
b ben ngoai.
Vi mach 8255A thng c goi la mach giao tiep ngoai vi lap trnh c (Programmable
Peripheral Interface PPI). Do kha nang a nang trong cac ng dung thc te nen 8255A la vi
mach giao tiep c dung rat pho bien cho cac he vi x ly 8 bit 16 bit.
(a)
S o chan va s o khoi cua 8255A :
IC 8255A co 40 chan nh hnh 6-15 va s o cau truc ben trong nh hnh 6-16:
246
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-15. S o chan va s o logic cua IC 8255A.
Hnh 6-16. S o khoi cua IC 8255A.
Ten cac chan cua IC 8255A nh bang sau:
Vi x ly
247
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bang 6-16. Ten cac chan cua IC 8255A.
IC 8255A giao tiep vi vi x ly thong qua 3 bus: bus d lieu 8 bit D7-D0, bus a ch A1A0, bus
ieu khien RD , WR , CS , RESET.
Ma lenh va d lieu eu c truyen tren 8 ng d lieu D7-D0. Vi x ly gi d lieu
en 8255A hoac vi x ly oc d lieu t 8255A tuy thuoc vao lenh ieu khien. Cac ng tn hieu
RD , WR cua 8255A c ket noi vi cac ng RD , WR cua vi x ly.
Tn hieu RESET dung e khi ong 8255A khi cap ien, khi b reset cac thanh ghi ben
trong 8255A eu b xoa va 8255A trang thai san sang lam viec. Khi giao tiep vi vi x ly ngo
vao tn hieu RESET nay c ket noi vi tn hieu RESET ngo ra cua vi x ly.
Tn hieu Chip Select ( CS ) dung e chon 8255A khi vi x ly giao tiep vi nhieu 8255A.
8255A co 3 port xuat nhap (I/O) co ten port A, port B, port C, moi port 8 bit. Port A gom cac
bit PA0-PA7, port B gom cac bit PB0-PB7 va port C gom PC0-PC7. Cac port nay co the la cac port
input hoac output tuy thuoc vao lenh ieu khien, lenh ieu khien do vi x ly gi ti lu trong thanh
ghi ieu khien e nh cau hnh lam viec cho 8255A.
Cac ng a ch A1A0 cua 8255A dung e la chon cac port va thanh ghi, A1A0=002 dung
e chon Port A, A1A0 = 012 dung e chon Port B, A1A0 = 102 dung e chon Port C, A1A0 = 112 dung
e chon thanh ghi ieu khien.
Trong s o khoi 8255A, cac port I/O chia lam hai nhom: nhom A gom port A va 4 bit cao
cua port C, nhom B gom port B va 4 bit thap cua port C. e s dung cac port cua 8255A ngi lap
trnh phai gi t ieu khien ra thanh ghi ieu khien e 8255A nh cau hnh cho cac port ung theo
yeu cau ma ngi lap trnh mong muon.
(b)
Cau truc t ieu khien cua 8255A:
Trong 8255 co 2 t ieu khien: Control Word va Bit Set/Reset.

T ieu khien Control Word co cau truc nh hnh 6-17:
248
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-17. Cau truc t ieu khien th nhat cua IC 8255A.
Do cac port cua 8255A c chia lam hai nhom: nhom A va nhom B tach ri nen t ieu
khien cua 8255A cung c chia lam hai nhom.
Cac bit D2D1D0 dung e nh cau hnh cho nhom B:
Bit D0 dung e thiet lap 4 bit thap cua port C:

D0 = 0 port C thap la port xuat d lieu (output)
D0 = 1 port C thap la port nhap d lieu (input).
Bit D1 dung thiet lap port B:

D1 = 0 port B la port xuat d lieu (output)
D1 = 1 port B la port nhap d lieu (input).
Bit D2 dung thiet lap Mode ieu khien cua nhom B:
D2 = 0: nhom B hoat ong Mode 0.
D2 =1: nhom B hoat ong Mode 1.
Cac bit D6,D5,D4,D3 dung e nh cau hnh cho nhom A:
Bit D3 dung e thiet lap 4 bit cao cua port C:
D3 = 0 port C la port xuat d lieu (output)
D3 = 1 port C la port nhap d lieu (input).
Bit D4 dung e thiet lap port A:
D4 = 0 port A la port xuat d lieu(output)
Vi x ly
249
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
D4 = 1 port A la port nhap d lieu (input).

Bit D6D5 dung thiet lap Mode ieu khien cua nhom A:
D6D5 = 00: nhom a hoat ong Mode 0.
D6D5 = 01: nhom A hoat ong Mode 1.
D6D5 = 1: nhom A hoat ong Mode 2.
Cac nhom A, B lam viec cau hnh Mode 0:
T ieu khien thiet lap nhom A & B hoat ong Mode 0 nh hnh 6-18:
Hnh 6-18. T ieu khien khi 2 nhom A, B lam viec mode 0.
Mode 0 cac port A, port B, port C thap va port C cao la cac port xuat hoac nhap d lieu
oc lap. Do co 4 bit e la chon nen co 16 t ieu khien khac nhau cho 16 trang thai xuat nhap cua
4 port.
Cac nhom A & B lam viec cau hnh Mode 1:
T ieu khien nhom A, B hoat ong Mode 1 nh hnh 6-19:
Hnh 6-19. T ieu khien khi 2 nhom A, B lam viec mode 1.
Mode 1 cac port A & B lam viec xuat nhap co chot (Strobe I/O). Mode nay hai port A
& B hoat ong oc lap vi nhau va moi port co 1 port 4 bit ieu khien. Cac port 4 bit ieu khien
c hnh thanh t 4 bit thap va 4 bit cao cua port C.
Khi 8255A c cau hnh Mode 1, thiet b giao tiep muon 8255A nhan d lieu, thiet b o
phai tao ra tn hieu yeu cau 8255A nhan d lieu, ngc lai 8255A muon gi d lieu en thiet b
khac, 8255A phai tao ra tn hieu yeu cau thiet b o nhan d lieu, tn hieu yeu cau o goi la tn
hieu Strobe.
Phan tch nhom A lam viec cau hnh Mode 1:
Port A c cau hnh la port nhap d lieu:
Chc nang cua cac ng tn hieu c trnh bay hnh 6-20 va dang song lam viec cua cac
ng tn hieu ieu khien nh hnh 6-21:
250
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-20. Port A cua IC 8255A hoat ong mode 1 nhan d lieu.
Hnh 6-21. Dang song cua cac ng tn hieu ieu khien port A input.
Cac ng tn hieu cua port C tr thanh cac ng ieu khien cua port A.
Bit PC4 tr thanh bit STB A (Strobe Input, tch cc mc thap) dung e nhan tn hieu chot t
thiet b gi e bao cho 8255A biet d lieu a c gi en cac ngo vao PA7 PA0.
Bit PC5 tr thanh bit IBFA (Input Buffer Full, tch cc mc cao), dung e bao cho thiet b
gi biet bo em a ay ng gi byte tiep theo.
Bit PC3 tr thanh bit INTRA (Interrupt Request, tch cc mc cao), bit nay co mc Logic 1
khi hai bit STB A = 1 , IBFA = 1 va bit INTEA (Interrupt Enable) ben trong 8255A bang 1. Bit INTEA
c thiet lap mc logic 1 hay 0 do t ieu khien Set/Reset cua 8255A. hnh tren, bit INTEA = 1
dung e cho phep tn hieu IBFA xuat hien tai ngo ra INTEA cua cong AND. Tn hieu INTRA c
ket noi vi ngo vao ngat cua vi x ly e bao cho vi x ly biet: d lieu mi a xuat hien port A
yeu cau vi x ly thc hien chng trnh phuc vu ngat e nhan d lieu tai port A va xoa yeu cau
ngat e ieu khien tn hieu IBFA ve mc 0 san sang nhan byte tiep theo.
Cac bit con lai cua port C: PC6, PC7 la cac bit xuat/nhap bnh thng tuy thuoc vao bit D3
trong t ieu khien. Cac bit c dung e thiet lap cho nhom B.
Port A c cau hnh la port xuat d lieu:
Vi x ly
251
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-22. Port A cua IC 8255A hoat ong mode 1 xuat d lieu.
Hnh 6-23. Dang song cua cac ng tn hieu ieu khien port A output.
Bit PC7 tr thanh bit OBFA (Output Buffer Full, tch cc mc thap), khi co d lieu t vi x ly
gi ra port A, tn hieu OBFA se yeu cau thiet b ben ngoai nhan d lieu.
Bit PC6 tr thanh bit ACK A (Acknowledge Input, tch cc mc thap) thiet b nhan d lieu
dung tn hieu nay e bao cho 8255A biet tn hieu a c nhan va san sang nhan d lieu tiep theo.
Bit PC3 tr thanh bit INTRA (Interrupt Request, tch cc mc cao), bit nay co mc logic khi
hai bit OBFA = 1 , ACK A = 1 va bit INTEA (Interrupt Enable) ben trong 8255A mc 1. Tn hieu
INTRA tac ong en ngo vao ngat cua vi x ly e bao cho vi x ly biet: thiet b ben ngoai a nhan
xong d lieu port A va thc hien gi byte d lieu tiep theo.
Cac bit con lai cua port C: PC4, PC5 la cac bit xuat/nhap bnh thng tuy thuoc vao bit D3
trong t ieu khien. Cac bit dung e thiet lap cho nhom B.
Phan tch nhom B lam viec cau hnh Mode 1:
Port B c cau hnh la port nhap d lieu :
Chc nang cua cac ng tn hieu c trnh bay hnh 6-24:
252
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-24. Port B cua IC 8255A hoat ong mode 1 nhan d lieu.
Chc nang cua cac bit ieu khien giong nh nhom A hoat ong Mode 1.
Port B c cau hnh la port xuat d lieu:
Chc nang cua cac ng tn hieu c trnh bay hnh 6-25:
Hnh 6-25. Port B cua IC 8255A hoat ong mode 1 xuat d lieu.
Chc nang cua cac bit ieu khien giong nh nhom A hoat ong Mode 1.
Cac bit c dung thiet lap cho nhom A, bit D0 khong co tac dung trong trng hp ca
hai nhom cung lam viec Mode 1.
Cac nhom A lam viec cau hnh Mode 2:
Mode 2 la kieu hoat ong Stable Bi-directional IO, khac vi Mode 1 la port co the xuat
nhap d lieu.
T ieu khien khi hai nhom A hoat ong Mode 2 nh hnh 6-26:
Hnh 6-26. T ieu khien hoat ong mode 2 cua nhom A.
Vi x ly
253
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-27. Nhom A cua IC 8255A hoat ong mode 2.
Hnh 6-28. Dang song cua cac ng tn hieu ieu khien nhom A.
Cac ng tn hieu cua port C tr thanh cac ng ieu khien cua port A.
Bit PC7 tr thanh bit OBFA, PC6 tr thanh bit ACK A , PC4 tr thanh bit STB A , PC5 tr thanh
IBFA va bit PC3 tr thanh bit INTRA. Chc nang cua cac ng tn hieu giong nh Mode 1, ch
khac la tn hieu ngo ra INTRA =1, INTE1 = 1 hoac IBFA = 1, INTE2 = 1.
Cac bit PC2,1,0 con lai co the la cac bit I/O tuy thuoc vao bit ieu khien cua nhom B.
Chu y khi nhom A lam viec Mode 2, nhom B ch c phep hoat ong Mode 0.
Cau hnh cua t ieu khien Set/Reset bit INTE khi 8255A hoat ong Mode 1 hoac Mode 2
c trnh bay hnh 6-29:
254
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-29. T ieu khien th 2 cua IC 8255A.
Cau hnh nay con cho phep Set/Reset tng bit cua port C. T ieu khien nay khac vi t ieu
khien cau hnh la bit D7 = 0.
Bit D0 dung e Set/Reset bit INTE, khi D0 = 1 th INTE = 1 (cho phep ngat), khi D0 = 0 th
INTE = 0 (khong cho phep ngat). Ba bit D1, D2, D3 dung e chon mot bit cua port C, gan mc logic
cua bit D0 cho 1 bit cua port C a chon.
Trong thc te port A va port B thng c cau hnh vi nhieu Mode khac nhau. V du nhom
A hoat ong Mode 2 nhom B lam viec Mode 0.
2. IC NGOAI VI LAP TRNH 8279:
sau:
IC ngoai vi 8279 la IC chuyen dung e quet led 7 oan va quet ban phm co cau truc nh
(a)
IC 8279 co the hoat ong mode quet ban phm.

IC 8279 co the hoat ong mode cac cam bien.
Hoat ong kieu ngo vao co chot.
Bo nh FIFO co the lu 8 byte ma phm nhan.
Co chc nang khoa 2 phm hoac quet vong N phm co chong doi phm.
Co the hien th quet 2 bo quet 4 ng, 8 ng hoac 16 ng.
Quet hien th 8 led 7 oan hoac 16 led 7 oan.
Co cac lenh lap trnh.
Co the lap trnh bo nh Ram cha d lieu hien th 16 byte vi loi vao trai hoac phai.
Co the lap trnh thi gian quet.
Co the tao tn hieu ngat khi co nhan phm.
S o chan va s o khoi cua 8279 :
IC 8279 co 40 chan nh hnh 6-30:
Vi x ly
255
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-30. S o chan va s o logic cua IC 8279.
8279 co mot bo nh RAM 16 byte dung e hien th va mot bo nh RAM dung e cha ma
cua phm nhan. Trong 8279 co mot thanh ghi em d lieu, khi d lieu c vi x ly gi ti th no
c chuyen ti thanh ghi nay. Ngoai ra 8279 con co thanh ghi trang thai e ch trang thai cua
8279 tai mot thi iem.
Ten cac chan cua IC 8279 nh bang 6-17:
Ten tn hieu
A0
DB7 DB0
CLK
RESET
CS\
RD\
WR\
IRQ
SL0-SL3
RL0-RL7
SHIFT
CNTL/STB
OUT A3-0
OUT B3-0
BD\
Hng tn hieu
I
I/O
I
I
I
I
I
O
O
I
I
I
O
O
O
Chc nang
Address
Data Bus (Bi-direction)
Clock Input
Reset Input
Chip Select
Read Input
Write Input
Interrupt Request Input
Scan Lines
Return Lines
Shift Input
Control/Strobe Input
Display (A) Output
Display (B) Output
Blank Display Output
Bang 6-17. Ten cac chan cua IC 8279.
IC 8279 ket noi vi vi x ly thong qua 3 bus gom: bus d lieu D7-D0, bus a ch co 1 ng
A0, bus ieu khien RD , WR , CS , RESET, IRQ, CLK giong nh 8255A.
Tn hieu chon CS c ket noi vi mot ngo ra nao o cua IC giai ma a ch IO hoac IC giai
ma a ch bo nh. Neu xem IC 8279 la mot bo nh th bo nh nay co hai o nh.
256
Vi x ly
(b)
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Cau truc t ieu khien cua 8279:
IC 8279 co 1 ng a ch A0 co chc nang la chon nh sau:

- A0 = 0: IC 8279 xem d lieu t vi x ly gi en e chon d lieu hien th.
- A0 = 1: IC 8279 xem d lieu t vi x ly gi en la d lieu cua lenh ieu khien 8279.
Lenh Keyboard/Display Mode Set:
T ieu khien nh hnh 6-31:
Hnh 6-31. T ieu khien keyboard/Display mode set cua IC 8279.
Trong o 2 bit DD dung e thiet lap Mode hien th, 3 bit KKK dung e thiet lap Mode quet
ban phm.
Chc nang cua 2 bit DD:
Hai bit DD
00
01
10
11
hien
hien
hien
hien
th
th
th
th
Chc nang
8 ky t loi vao trai.
16 ky t loi vao trai.
8 ky t loi vao phai.
16 ky t loi vao phai.
Bang 6-18. Cac mod hien th khac nhau cua 8279.
Chc nang cua 3 bit KKK:

Ba bit KKK
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Chc nang
encode scan keyboard 2 key lockout
decode scan keyboard 2 key lockout
encode scan keyboard N key rollover
decode scan keyboard N key rollover
encode scan sensor matrix
decode scan sensor matrix
strobe input, encode display scan
strobe input, decode display scan
Bang 6-19. Cac mod quet ma tran phm khac nhau cua 8279.
Lenh Program clock:

Hnh 6-32. T ieu khien Program clock cua IC 8279.
Lenh nay co chc nang chia tan so xung clock ngo vao CLK chan so 3, cac bit PPPPP
dung e xac nh so chia nam trong khoang t 1 en 31, tan so hoat ong cua mach quet hien th
va chong doi cua 8279 thng la 100kHz, neu tan so ngo vao la 2MHz th chia cho 20 ta c
100kHz, khi o cac bit PPPPP co gia tr la 10100.
Lenh Read FIFO/sensor RAM:
Vi x ly
257
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-33. T ieu khien Red FIFO/sensor RAM cua IC 8279.
IC 8279 co 8 byte RAM ben trong e cha ma cua phm an hay ma cua cac sensor c phan
biet bi 3 bit a ch AAA. Trc khi oc d lieu cua o nh nao th ta phai thiet lap t ieu khien
nay cho IC 8279 roi mi tien hanh oc d lieu.
Ta co the thay oi con tro quan ly 8 byte nay bang cach thay oi gia tr cua cac bit AAA
trong t ieu khien. Bo nh thuoc kieu FIFO.
Bit AI (Automatically increment): neu mc 1 th sau khi oc 1 byte th con tro tang len 1 e
co the oc byte ke tiep. Neu AI = 0 con tro se khong thay oi, muon oc byte ke tiep th phai thay
oi a ch bang t ieu khien nay.
Lenh Read Display RAM:
Hnh 6-34. T ieu khien Display RAM cua IC 8279.
IC 8279 co 16 byte RAM ben trong do con tro 4 bit AAAA quan ly, 16 byte RAM nay dung
e cha d lieu can hien th do vi x ly gi ti, vi x ly co the oc lai d lieu cua 1 o nh bat ky
trong vung nh RAM nay bang cach ieu chnh cac bit AAAA tng ng trc khi oc d lieu.
Bit AI (Automatically Increment): mc 1 lam con tro t ong tang len o nh ke e san sang
e oc byte d lieu cua o nh ke. Neu AI = 0 con tro se khong thay oi.
Lenh End Interrupt:
Hnh 6-35. T ieu khien End Interrupt cua IC 8279.
Bit E = 1 se xoa ngat IRQ ve mc Logic 0.

Lenh Write Display RAM:
Hnh 6-36. T ieu khien Write Display RAM cua IC 8279.
IC 8279 co 16 byte RAM ben trong do con tro 4 bit AAAA quan ly, 16 byte RAM nay dung
e cha d lieu can hien th do vi x ly gi ti, e ghi d lieu vao o nh nao trong vung nh RAM
nay ta co the ieu chnh cac bit AAAA tng ng.
258
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Bit AI (Automatically Increment): mc 1 lam con tro t ong tang len o nh ke e san sang
lu byte d lieu ke. Neu AI = 0 con tro se khong thay oi, do o, byte d lieu sau se ghi e len
byte d lieu trc o.
Lenh Clear:
Hnh 6-37. T ieu khien Clear cua IC 8279.
Nhng Bit CD trong lenh nay dung e xoa tat ca cac hang cua bo nh RAM hien th sang ma
nhap nhay cho phep la chon nh hnh 6-38:
Hnh 6-38. Ba bit CD cua t ieu khien Clear.
Trong suot thi gian ang xoa bo nh RAM hien th th ta khong c ghi d lieu vao (thi
gian xoa khoang 160s). Bit MSB cua t trang thai FIFO mc 1 trong khoang thi gian xoa va se
tr ve mc 0 sau khi xoa xong. Ngi lap trnh co the kiem tra bit nay e biet khi nao xoa xong e
gi d lieu ra hien th.
Neu nh Bit CF tch cc (CF =1), t trang thai FIFO se b xoa va ngo ra Interrupt b Reset .
Bit CA co chc nang xoa tat ca cac bit, bit nay con ket hp vi bit CD va CF. Bit CD e xoa
ma tren RAM hien th va no cung xoa luon trang thai FIFO.
(c)
ng dung IC 8279:
IC 8279 la chuyen ve giai ma hien th Led 7 oan va quet phm theo nhieu phng phap
khac nhau.
D lieu can hien th t vi x ly gi en se c lu trong 16 byte RAM ben trong c goi la
bo nh hien th. Cac tn hieu nay lan lt gi ra tren 8 ng tn hieu t A[30] en B[30].
Cac ng tn hieu SL[30] dung e quet, d lieu tren ng nay co the c thiet lap theo
kieu ma hoa (Encode) hoac giai ma (Decode) tuy thuoc vao kieu thiet ke phan cng. Cac ng
nay co hai chc nang va quet hien th va quet giai ma ban phm.
Cac ng tn hieu RL[70] la cac ng tn hieu input ket hp vi cac ng tn hieu quet
SL[30] tao thanh ma tran phm, phm c nhan se lam cho mot ngo vao RL xuong mc 0, ket
hp vi cac ng tn hieu quet se cho biet ma cua phm nhan. Chu y cac ng SL[30] phai
che o Decode.
Cac ngo vao SHIFT va CNTL c dung e m rong cac phm to hp.
Vi x ly
259
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
So lng cac phm ket noi co the len ti 64 phm ri.

IC 8279 gi d lieu trong vung nh RAM hien th ra cac Led va t ong quet ban phm e
tm phm b tac ong va t chong doi, sau o thiet lap ma cua phm b nhan, trc khi s dung IC
8279 ngi s dung phai thiet lap cac t ieu khien gi ra IC 8279 khi bit a ch A0 = 1. D lieu
oc vao hoac gi ra IC 8279 khi bit a ch A0 = 0.
Khi co phm b nhan, IC 8279 se t ong chong doi sau 10,3 ms va kiem tra lai mot lan na
e xem phm o co b nhan hay khong, neu con th IC 8279 se thiet lap ma cho phm nay va lu tr
ma cua phm vao bo nh RAM ben trong. Sau o se bao cho vi x ly biet a co mot phm tac ong
va yeu cau vi x ly nhan ma cua phm nay bang cach tac ong en tn hieu ngat IRQ. Tn hieu
IRQ c ket noi en mot ngo vao ngat cua vi x ly va chng trnh phuc vu cho ngat nay la
chng trnh ngat phm. Nhiem vu cua vi x ly la oc ma cua phm b nhan vao e x ly va Reset
ngat cua IC 8279 e chuan b cho phm tiep theo.
Khung ma d lieu cua phm b nhan nh hnh 6-39:
Hnh 6-39. Cau truc ma phm cua IC 8279.
Giai thch khung ma phm: IC 8279 tao ra mot ma tran phm 88 = 64 phm va 2 phm hoat
ong oc lap la CNTL va SHIFT ket noi vi 2 ngo vao cua IC 8279.
To hp 88 bao gom 8 ng RL[70] va 3 ng SL[20] (ng SL3 ch phuc vu quet
hien th) sau khi qua mach giai ma 3 sang 8 se c 8 ng.
Neu khong s dung phm to hp th 2 ngo vao CNTL va SHIFT cua IC 8279 phai noi mass
(0V) khi o 2 bit CNTL va SHIFT trong khung ma phm se bang 0.
Khi nhan 1 phm th IC 8279 se biet c phm nhan tng ng vi trang thai quet nao cua 3
bit SL[20] va chnh la 3 bit SCAN, phm nhan tren se lam thay oi trang thai 1 trong 8 ng RL
qua ma hoa 8 sang 3 se tao ra ma nh phan 3 bit chnh la 3 bit RETURN trong khung ma d lieu.
Neu khong dung phm CNTL va SHIFT th to hp 6 bit se tng ng vi 64 phm khac nhau
tng ng vi so hex [00H3FH], khi nhan them phm to hp gom phm SHIFT va 1 trong 64 phm
th se co 64 ma khac tng ng vi so hex [40H7FH], khi nhan them phm to hp gom phm
CNTL va 1 trong 64 phm th se co 64 ma khac tng ng vi so hex [80HBFH], cuoi cung khi
nhan them phm to hp gom phm CNTL + SHIFT va 1 trong 64 phm th se co 64 ma khac tng
ng vi so hex [C0HFFH]. Vay tong cong co tat ca 256 to hp phm.
IV.
THIET KE HE THONG VI X LY:
Mot mnh vi x ly khong the hoat ong c ma phai ket hp vi bo nh ROM, RAM e lu
tr chng trnh va d lieu, phai ket hp vi IC ngoai vi e giao tiep xuat nhap tn hieu ieu khien
goi la he thong vi x ly hay kit vi x ly hay he thong ieu khien vi x ly.
Trong phan nay trnh bay cach thiet ke mot he thong ieu khien dung vi x ly thong qua cac
yeu cau ieu khien.
1.
260
BAI THIET KE SO 1
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Yeu cau: Hay thiet ke 1 he thong dung vi x ly 8 bit 8085A giao tiep vi 2 loai bo nh co
dung lng 8Kbyte EPROM va 8 Kbyte RAM. Giao tiep vi 2 IC ngoai vi 8255A va 1 IC 8279 e
ieu khien hien th 8 led 7 oan va ma tran ban phm gom 24 phm.
Phan tch yeu cau:

He thong s dung vi x ly 8085A co 16 ng a ch nen co the giao tiep vi 64Kbyte bo
nh. Trong he thong nay ch s dung 16Kbyte la ap ng c.
Do vi x ly 8085A khi reset th a ch thanh ghi PC = 0000H nen bo nh EPROM luon c
thiet ke bat au tai a ch 0000H.
Vi x ly 8085A cho phep giao tiep vi IC ngoai vi thong qua 8 bit a ch thap va ng
ieu khien IO/M nen co the giao tiep vi 256 o nh ngoai vi IO.
Chon linh kien:
Sau khi phan tch xong ta chon loai bo nh EPROM loai 2764 co dung lng 8Kbyte va Ram
6264 co dung lng 8Kbyte.
Thiet ke giai ma a ch :
Tong IC giao tiep vi vi x ly la 5 IC gom 2 IC nh va 3 IC ngoai vi. Do ieu kien bai thiet
ke khong bat buoc nen ta co the thiet ke giai ma nh sau:
Lap bang a ch bo nh cua vi x ly nh sau:
TB
NH PHAN
HEX
A15
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
EPROM
0000
2764
1FFF
RAM
2000
6264
3FFF
Bang 6-20. Bang a ch bo nh.
Trong bang a ch nh bat au la IC nh 2764 co 13 ng a ch A[120] nen trong bang

a ch cua vi x ly th o nh co a ch bat au tng ng vi 13 ng a ch A[120] eu bang
0. O nh cuoi cung co a ch tng ng vi 13 ng a ch A[120] eu bang 1. a ch tnh theo
so hex cua 8Kbyte EPROM la [0000H1FFFH].
Tiep theo la bo nh RAM 6264 cung co 13 ng a ch A[120] nen trong bang a ch cua
vi x ly th o nh co a ch bat au tng ng vi 13 ng a ch A[120] eu bang 0. O nh
cuoi cung co a ch tng ng vi 13 ng a ch A[120] eu bang 1. e phan biet 2 bo nh
nay oc lap vi nhau th phai dung cac ng a ch con lai t A[1315]. Trong bai nay tac gia s
dung ng a ch A13 bang cach cho A13 = 1 oi vi bo nh RAM. a ch tnh theo so hex cua
8Kbyte RAM la [2000H3FFFH].
Vi yeu cau nay th ta dung ng a ch A13 e ieu khien chip select phan biet 2 IC nh.
Lap bang a ch IO cua vi x ly nh sau:
TB
NH PHAN
A7
Vi x ly
A6
A5
A4
A3
HEX
A2
A1
A0
261
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
8255A
00
03
8255A
04
07
8279
08
09
Bang 6-21. Bang a ch IO.
Trong bang o nh bat au la IC nh 8255A th 1, moi IC 8255 co 2 ng a ch nen o nh

co a ch bat au tng ng vi 2 ng a ch A[10] eu bang 0. O nh cuoi cung co a ch
tng ng vi 2 ng a ch A[10] eu bang 1. a ch tnh theo so hex cua 8255A-1 la [0003].
Tiep theo la IC 8255A th 2, o nh co a ch bat au tng ng vi 2 ng a ch A[10]
eu bang 0. O nh cuoi cung co a ch tng ng vi 2 ng a ch A[10] eu bang 1. a ch
tnh theo so hex cua 8255A-2 la [0407].
Tiep theo la IC 8279 th 3, o nh co a ch bat au tng ng vi 1 ng a ch A[0] bang
0. O nh cuoi cung co a ch tng ng vi 1 ng a ch A[0] bang 1. a ch tnh theo so hex
cua 8279-3 la [0809].
Trong bang o IO th phai dung 2 ng a ch A[3:2] e phan biet 3 IC ngoai vi.
S o nguyen ly cua he thong nh hnh 6-40.
Hnh 6-40a. S o nguyen ly cua khoi vi x ly va IC chot.
262
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong he thong s dung vi x ly 8085A va IC chot 74573 e tach a ch va d lieu, ket qua
c 8 ng d lieu D[7:0] va 16 ng a ch A[15:0], cac ng ieu khien IO / M , RD , WR ,
RST_O, CLK_O.
Hnh 6-40b. S o nguyen ly cua khoi bo nh vi vi x ly.
IC4 la Eprom 2764 va IC5 la SRAM 6264: 13 ng a ch A[12:0] cua cac IC nh c ket
noi vi 13 ng a ch A[120] cua vi x ly, 8 ng d lieu D[7:0] cua bo nh c ket noi vi
8 ng d lieu cua vi x ly, chan ieu khien oc OE c ket noi vi chan RD cua vi x ly, chan
ieu khien ghi WR cua SRAM 6264 c ket noi vi WR cua vi x ly.
Hnh 6-40c. S o nguyen ly cua khoi 2 IC ngoai vi 8255.
Vi x ly
263
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Khi vi x ly truy xuat bo nh th chan IO / M = 0, neu truy xuat Eprom 2764 th a ch A13
= 0 nen qua cong OR IC13A lam cho chan CS = 0: cho phep bo nh Eprom 2764. Trong khi o
A13 = 0 qua cong ao IC6A va cong OR IC13B lam chan CS1 = 1 se khong cho phep SRAM hoat
ong: bus a ch trang thai tong tr cao.
Tng t khi truy xuat bo nh SRAM 6264 th bo nh EPROM se trang thai khong cho
phep.
Khi vi x ly truy xuat bo nh th ng ieu khien IO / M mc L, khi truy xuat IO th
mc H nen ng ieu khien nay dung e cho phep truy xuat bo nh hoac IO.
Trong s o nguyen ly hnh 6-40c a s dung IC 74238 giai ma a ch cho 2 IC 8255A va 1
IC 8279. Cac bus a ch, bus d lieu va ieu khien ket noi vi IC ngoai vi giong nh ket noi vi
bo nh. ng ieu khien IO / M se ieu khien chan G1 cua IC 74138 e cho phep IC nay giai
ma khi vi x ly truy xuat IO, con khi truy xuat bo nh th chan IO / M = 0 se khong cho phep IC
giai ma nen cac IC ngoai vi cung khong c phep, bus d lieu se trang thai tong tr cao.
Hnh 6-40d. S o nguyen ly cua khoi ngoai vi 8279 vi ban phm va led 7 oan.
Hnh 6-40e S o nguyen ly cua 8 led hien th quet.
264
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-40f. S o nguyen ly cua khoi ma tran phm 8x3.
Vi bai toan thiet ke tren th cac IC giai ma a s dung gom 3 loai IC: cong OR - 7432, cong
Not 7404 va giai ma 74138. Vi kieu giai ma nay th s dung qua nhieu IC va ta co the giai ma
n gian tiet kiem IC hn bang cach xem cac IC ngoai vi 8255A va 8279 nh la cac IC nh co
cung dung lng 8Kbyte nh 2 bo nh trong he thong, bang a ch bo nh cua he thong c thiet
lap nh sau:
TB
NH PHAN
HEX
A15
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
EPROM
0000
2764
1FFF
RAM
2000
6264
3FFF
8255
4000
5FFF
8255
6000
7FFF
8279
8000
9FFF
Bang 6-22. Bang a ch bo nh gom bo nh va IO.
Vi x ly
265
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Trong bang a ch bo nh 6-22 th e phan biet cac IC nh va ngoai vi ta phai dung 3 ng

a ch A[1513] va khi o ta ch can dung 1 IC giai ma 74138 va toan bo khoi bo nh va ngoai vi
c thiet ke lai nh hnh 6-41:
Hnh 6-41a. S o nguyen ly cua khoi bo nh va IC giai ma.
Hnh 6-41b. S o nguyen ly cua khoi ngoai vi 8255.
Khi thiet ke khoi ngoai vi 8255A theo kieu IO th lenh dung e truy xuat cac IO la lenh IN
va OUT, nhng khi ket noi theo kieu bo nh th lenh dung e truy xuat IO giong nh lenh dung
cho cac o nh.
Trong kieu giai ma nay th a ch cua 8255A 1 (IC7) co a ch la 4000H en 5FFFH
nhng do 8255A ch co 2 ng a ch A[10] nen ta ch can quan tam en 4 a ch nh sau:
a ch 4000H la a ch cua port A.
a ch 4001H la a ch cua port B.
a ch 4002H la a ch cua port C.
266
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
a ch 4003H la a ch cua t ieu khien.

Tng t a ch cua 8255A 2 (IC8) co a ch la 6000H en 7FFFH nhng ta ch can quan
tam en 4 a ch nh sau:
Hnh 6-41c. S o nguyen ly cua khoi 8279.
a ch 6000H la a ch cua port A.

a ch 6001H la a ch cua port B.
a ch 6002H la a ch cua port C.
a ch 6003H la a ch cua t ieu khien.
a ch cua 8279 3 (IC9) co a ch la 8000H en 9FFFH nhng do 8279 ch co 1 ng a
ch A0 nen ta ch can quan tam en 2 a ch nh sau:
a ch 8000H la a ch truy xuat d lieu.
a ch 8001H la a ch truy xuat t ieu khien cua 8279.
2.
BAI THIET KE SO 2
Yeu cau: Hay thiet ke 1 he thong dung vi x ly 8 bit 8085A giao tiep vi 32Kbyte bo nh
EPROM s dung 4 IC 2764 co dung lng 8Kbyte va 32 Kbyte RAM s dung 1 IC 62256. Giao tiep
vi 2 IC ngoai vi 8255A va 1 IC 8279 e ieu khien hien th 8 led 7 oan va ma tran ban phm
gom 24 phm.
Phan tch yeu cau:

He thong s dung vi x ly 8085A co 16 ng a ch nen co the giao tiep vi 64Kbyte bo
nh. Trong he thong nay bo nh cua vi x ly a s dung het 64 kbyte bao gom 32Kbyte Eprom va
32 Kbyte Ram. Phan giao tiep vi 2 IC 8255 va IC 8279 th phai giai ma theo kieu IO.
Thiet ke giai ma a ch :
Tong IC giao tiep vi vi x ly la 8 IC gom 5 IC nh va 3 IC ngoai vi.
Vi x ly
267
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
TB
NH PHAN
HEX
A15
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
EPROM
0000
2764-1
1FFF
EPROM
2000
2764-2
3FFF
EPROM
4000
2764-3
5FFF
EPROM
6000
2764-4
7FFF
RAM
8000
62256
FFFF
Bang 6-23. Bang a ch bo nh cho 4 eprom va 1 ram.
Trong bang o nh th 4 IC nh 2764 c thiet lap a ch giong nh bai 1, bo nh SRAM co

dung lng 32Kbyte se co 15 ng a ch nen a ch bat au tng ng vi 15 ng bang 0 va
a ch cuoi tng ng vi 15 ng bang 1. Nhn vao bang ta se thay 32kbyte EPROM phan biet
vi 32Kbyte Ram chnh la ng a ch A15.
Ta co the xem bo nh Ram 62256 nh la 4 IC nh 6264 khi o bang a ch bo nh c thiet
lap lai nh sau:
TB
NH PHAN
HEX
A15
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
EPROM
0000
2764-1
1FFF
EPROM
2000
2764-2
3FFF
EPROM
4000
2764-3
5FFF
EPROM
6000
2764-4
7FFF
RAM
8000
6264-1
9FFF
RAM
A000
6264-2
BFFF
RAM
C000
6264-3
DFFF
RAM
E000
6264-4
FFFF
Bang 6-24. Bang a ch bo nh cho 4 rom va 4 ram.
268
Vi x ly
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-42a. S o nguyen ly cua khoi vi x ly va IC chot.
Vi bang a ch bo nh nay th ta se dung 3 ng a ch A[15:13] giai ma thanh 8 ng

ieu khien e chon 8 chip select cho 8 IC nh: trong o 4 ng au tien dung e chon CS cho 4
Eprom, 4 ng con lai ta phai OR lai e ieu khien chon CS cua Ram 62256.
Phan giai ma IC ngoai vi giong nh bai thiet ke so 1.
S o nguyen ly cua he thong nh hnh 6-42.
Hnh 6-42b. S o nguyen ly cua khoi ngoai vi.
Vi x ly
269
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Hnh 6-42c. S o nguyen ly cua khoi bo nh.
270
Vi x ly
V.
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
BAI TAP:
Bai tap so 1: Hay thiet ke mot he thong gom vi x ly 8085A giao tiep vi 32 Kbyte bo nh
Eprom s dung 8 IC nh 2732 co dung lng 4 Kbyte cho moi IC va 32Kbyte bo nh RAM dung 4
IC 6264. Cac IC ngoai vi bao gom 7 IC ngoai vi 8255 va 1 IC 8279.
Bai tap so 2: Hay thiet ke mot he thong gom vi x ly 8085A giao tiep vi 32 Kbyte bo nh
IC 6264. Cac IC ngoai vi bao gom 1 IC ngoai vi 8255 va 1 IC 8279. Thiet ke sao cho toi u nhat.
Bai tap so 3: Hay thiet ke mot he thong gom vi ieu khien 89S52 giao tiep vi 32 Kbyte bo nh
IC 6264. Cac IC ngoai vi bao gom 1 IC ngoai vi 8255 va 1 IC 8279. Thiet ke sao cho toi u nhat.
Bai tap so 4: Hay thiet ke mot he thong gom vi ieu khien 89S52 s dung 8Kbyte bo nh Flash
ROM noi va giao tiep vi 24Kbyte bo nh Eprom s dung IC nh 2764 co dung lng 8 Kbyte cho
moi IC va 32Kbyte bo nh RAM dung 4 IC 6264. Cac IC ngoai vi bao gom 3 IC ngoai vi 8255 va 1
IC 8279. Thiet ke sao cho toi u nhat.
return
Vi x ly
271
272
SPKT Nguyen nh Phu
Vi x ly
Chng 7
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI LED

1. GIAO TIEP VI LED N
a.
Giao tiep phan cng
b.
Cac chng trnh v du
2. GIAO TIEP VI LED 7 OAN
a.
Giao tiep vi 1 led 7 oan
b.
Cac chng trnh giao tiep vi 1 led 7 oan
c.
Giao tiep vi nhieu led 7 oan
d.
Cac chng trnh v du giao tiep vi 8 led 7 oan
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI PHM NHAN
1. GIAO TIEP VI 1 HOAC 2 PHI1M NHAN
2. GIAO TIEP VI MA TRAN PHM
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI ADC, DAC
1. GIAO TIEP VI ADC 0809
2. GIAO TIEP VI ADC 7109
3. GIAO TIEP VI DAC 0808
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI RELAY VA ONG C BC
1. GIAO TIEP VI RELAY
2. GIAO TIEP VI ONG C BC
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI LCD
1.
GII THIIEU LCD
2. S O CHAN CUA LCD
3. S O MACH GIAO TIEP VI IEU KHIEN VI LCD
4. CAC LENH IEU KHIEN LCD
5. LU O IEU KHIEN LCD
6. CHNG TRNH IEU KHIEN LCD DUNG VI IEU KHIEN
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI LED MA TRAN
1.
GII THIEU LED MA TRAN
2. CAU TAO VA PHNG PHAP IEU KHIEN LED MA TRAN
Chng 7. Giao tiep ng dung vi ieu khien.
3.
SPKT
CHNG TRNH IEU KHIEN LED MA TRAN
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI REALTIME

1. GII THEU REALTIME
2. CAC THONG SO CUA REALTIME DS12887
3. S O CHAN VA CHC NANG CAC CHAN CUA REALTIME DS12887
4. HOAT ONG CUA REALTIME KHI MAT NGUON VA KHI CAP IEN
5. HOAT ONG CUA CAC THANH GHI IEU KHIEN
6. MACH GIAO TIEP VI IEU KHIEN VI REAL-TIME
7. CHNG TRNH KHI TAO REALTIME
BAI TAP
LIET KE CAC HNH

Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
272
7-1. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi led n.

7-2. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 32 led n.
7-3. Giao tiep trc tiep vi ieu khien vi 1 led oan.
7-4. Giao tiep gian tiep vi ieu khien vi led n.
7-5. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 8 led 7 oan.
7-6. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 8 led 7 oan ch dung 1 port 8 ng.
7-7. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 2 nut nhan.
7-8. Lu o ieu khien.
7-9. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi ma tran phm 4x4.
7-10. Lu o quet ma tran phm 4x4.
7-11. Lu o chong doi sau khi quet phm.
7-12. S o chan IC ADC 0809.
7-13. S o khoi ben trong IC ADC 0809.
7-14. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi ADC 0809.
7-15. Gian o thi gian cua ADC 0809.
7-16. Lu o ieu khien ADC 0809.
7-17. S o chan IC ADC ICL 7109.
7-18. Giao tiep vi ieu khien AT89S52 vi IC ADC ICL 7109.
7-19. Lu o ieu khien ADC ICL 7109.
7-20. S o chan IC DAC 0808.
7-21. S o giao tiep vi ieu khien vi DAC 0808.
7-22. S o giao tiep vi ieu khien vi relay.
7-23. S o giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 4 relay qua IC giao tiep ULN2803.
7-24. Hnh ong c bc loai nho.
7-25. Cac cuon day ben trong ong c bc.
7-26. Cac cuon day ben trong ong c bc.
7-27. ieu khien kch 1 cuon day.
7-28. ieu khien kch 2 cuon day.
7-29. ieu khien phoi hp ca hai.
7-30. S o giao tiep vi ieu khien vi ong c bc qua IC ULN2803.
7-31. Hnh cua LCD
7-32. Giao tiep vi ieu khien 87C751 vi LCD.
7-33. Giao tiep vi ieu khien AT89S52 vi LCD.
Vi x ly

Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
SPKT
7-34. Dang song ieu khien cua LCD.

7-35. Lu o ieu khien LCD.
7-36. Lu o xuat lenh hoac d lieu ra LCD.
7-37. Led ma tran 57.
7-38. Sang ch A.
7-39. S o mach ieu khien.
7-40. S o chan cua real-time DS12C887.
7-41. To chc bo nh ben trong cua Real-time DS12C887.
7-42. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi Real-time.
LIET KE CAC BANG

Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
Bang
7-1. Ma quet ieu khien led.

7-2. Ma 7 oan cua cac so.
7-3. Ma quet xuat ra cot va ma hang c oc ve.
7-4. Bang trang thai chon kenh ADC.
7-6. Cac chan cua LCD
7-7. Cac lenh cua LCD
7-8. Ma ch A.
7-9. Quet theo cach 2.
7-10. Cac thong so tn hieu ngo ra SQW.
7-11. Cac nh dang cua cac thong so thi gian.
Vi x ly
273
I.
SPKT
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI LED:

1.
GIAO TIEP VI LED N:

a.
Giao tiep phan cng:
Trong cac ng dung co s dung led n e ch th nen phan nay se trnh bay phan giao tiep
vi led n.
Cac thong so cua led n thng s dung la ien ap lam viec cua led khoang 2V, dong qua
led khoang t 10 en 20 mA.
Tra cac thong so lam viec cua moi ngo ra vi ieu khien th khi ngo ra mc H dong chay ra
(source) co gia tr rat nho khoang t 10A en 60A oi vi port1, 2, 3 va dong khoang t 80A
en 800A oi vi port0. Khi ngo ra mc L dong chay vao (sink) khoang 15mA oi vi cac
port1, 2, 3 (15mA/1 port) va dong khoang 20mA oi vi port0 (20mA/port0).
Khi giao tiep vi led n th se co 2 kieu giao tiep nh hnh 7-1.
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X1
ALE/P
PSEN
Y1
RESET
18
9
C1
C
X2
RST
EA/VP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
LED
330
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
30
29
19
31
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X1
Y1
RESET
R1
R
18
9
C1
AT89S52
VCC
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
X2
RST
ALE/P
PSEN
EA/VP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
VCC
1
19
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
LED
330
DIR
G
74ABT245
30
29
31
R1
R
AT89S52
VCC
(a)
(b)
Hnh 7-1. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi led n.
274
Hnh 7-1a ket noi trc tiep ngo ra cua port vi led th mc 1 led sang nhng khong u
dong cung cap cho led sang nen led sang m, neu muon sang ro th phai dung them IC
em hoac transistor e khuech ai. Hnh 7-1b dung IC em 74245 e ieu khien led.
Hnh 7-2 ket noi trc tiep ngo ra cua port vi led th mc 0 led sang va u dong cung
cap cho led sang nen led sang ro khong can IC em.
Vi x ly
SPKT
VCC
VCC
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
470
470
470
470
470
470
470
470
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
470
470
470
470
470
470
470
470
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X1
Y1
RESET
C1
10
18
9
X2
RST
ALE/P
PSEN
EA/VP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
30
29
470
470
470
470
470
470
470
470
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
470
470
470
470
470
470
470
470
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
31
VCC
R1
10k
AT89S52
VCC
Hnh 7-2. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 32 led n.
ien tr han dong cho led c tnh nh sau:
R=
VCC VLED VOL 5V 1.8V 0.45V

=
= 491
I LED
5.6mA
Nen chon loai LED sang ro, dong lam viec kha nho nen ien tr han dong khoang 470.
Chu y: khi s dung vi ieu khien tuy thuoc vao ket noi ta co the dung hoac khong dung ien
tr keo len nhng theo tac gia th tat ca cac port nen dung ien tr keo len, neu trong s o khong
trnh bay th ban oc hieu ngam la luon co ket noi.
b.
Cac chng trnh v du:
V du 1: Vi s o nguyen ly hnh 7-2, hay viet chng trnh ieu khien 32 led n chop tat:
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;chuong trinh dieu khien 32 led chop tat
org
0000h
;khai bao dia chi bat dau cua chuong trinh
lb:
mov
p0,#00h
;sang 8 led cua p0
mov
p1,#00h
;sang 8 led cua p1
mov
p2,#00h
;sang 8 led cua p2
mov
p3,#00h
;sang 8 led cua p3
lcall
delay
;goi chuong trinh con delay
mov
p0,#0ffh
;tat 8 led cua p0
mov
p1,#0ffh
;tat 8 led cua p1
mov
p2,#0ffh
;tat 8 led cua p2
mov
p3,#0ffh
;tat 8 led cua p3
lcall
delay
sjmp lb
;lam lai tu dau
;chuong trinh con
delay:
mov
r6,#0ffh
;nap hang so delay FFH vao thanh ghi r6
de :
mov
r7,#0ffh
;nap hang so delay FFH vao thanh ghi r7
djnz
r7,$
;giam thanh ghi r7 di 1 va nhay khi r7 khac 00
Vi x ly
275

djnz
ret
r6,de
SPKT
;giam thanh ghi r6 di 1 va nhay khi r6 khac 00
;thoat khoi chuong trinh con
end
V du 2: Vi s o hnh 7-2, hay viet chng trnh ieu khien 32 led sang dan va tat dan:
;chuong trinh dieu khien 32 led sang dan len va tat dan
org
0000h
mov
p0,#0ffh
;tat port 0
mov
p1,#0ffh
;tat port 1
mov
p2,#0ffh
;tat port 2
mov
p3,#0ffh
;tat port 3
;dieu khien sang dan len
lb:
lcall
delay
clr
c
;lam cho bit C = 0
mov
a,p0
;chuyen noi dung port0 vao thanh ghi A
rlc
a
;xoay noi dung thanh ghi A sang trai
mov
p0,a
mov
a,p1
;xoay noi dung p1
rlc
a
mov
p1,a
mov
a,p2
;xoay noi dung p2
rlc
a
mov
p2,a
mov
a,p3
;xoay noi dung p3
rlc
a
mov
p3,a
jc
lb
;thuc hien tiep khi C=1
;dieu khien tat dan
lb1:
lcall
delay
setb
c
;lam cho bit C = 1
mov
a,p0
rlc
a
;xoay noi dung thanh ghi A sang trai
mov
p0,a
mov
a,p1
;xoay noi dung p1
rlc
a
mov
p1,a
mov
a,p2
;xoay noi dung p2
rlc
a
mov
p2,a
mov
a,p3
;xoay noi dung p3
rlc
a
mov
p3,a
jnc
lb1
;thuc hien tiep khi C=0
sjmp lb
;sau khi 8 led sang het thi quay lai tu dau
;chuong trinh con delay
delay:
mov
r6,#0ffh
de :
mov
r7,#0ffh
djnz
r7,$
djnz
r6,de
ret
end
276
Vi x ly
SPKT
Bai tap 1: Hay viet chng trnh ieu khien 32 sang tat dan t trai sang phai, t phai sang
trai, t ngoai vao va t gia ra.
Bai tap 2: Hay viet chng trnh giong nh bai 1 nhng moi kieu sang c thc hien 5 lan.
2. GIAO TIEP VI LED 7 OAN:
a.
Giao tiep vi 1 led 7 oan:
Trong ng dung ch co 1 led 7 oan th co nhieu cach giao tiep vi ieu khien vi led:
-
Giao tiep trc tiep: kieu nay se dung 1 port cua vi ieu khien ket noi vi led 7 oan
loai Anode chung nh hnh 7-3. Kieu nay dung 8 ng IO.
Giao tiep gian tiep: kieu nay ch dung 4 ng ket noi vi IC giai ma led 7 oan nh
hnh 7-4. Kieu nay dung 4 ng IO.
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X1
ALE/P
PSEN
Y1
RESET
C
10
18
9
X2
RST
EA/VP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
4
5
9
7
6
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
dp
A1
A2
2
1
10
3
8
VCC
LED1
30
29
31
R
10k
AT89S52
VCC
Hnh 7-3. Giao tiep trc tiep vi ieu khien vi 1 led oan.
ien tr han dong cho led c tnh nh sau:
R=

=
= 491
I LED
5.6mA
Nen chon ien tr khoang 470.

Cau hoi 1: Hay cho biet u khuyet iem cua 2 cach giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 1 led 7 oan
2 hnh tren.
Vi x ly
277

39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
19
X1
ALE/P
PSEN
Y1
RESET
C
10
18
9
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X2
RST
EA/VP
SPKT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
VCC
7
1
2
6
3
5
D0
D1
D2
D3
LT
RBI
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
BI/RBO
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
13
12
11
10
9
15
14
4
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
4
5
9
7
6
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
dp
A1
A2
2
1
10
3
8
VCC
LED1
VCC
74247
30
29
31
VCC
R
10k
AT89S52
VCC
Hnh 7-4. Giao tiep gian tiep vi ieu khien vi led n.
b.
Cac chng trnh giao tiep vi 1 led 7 oan:
V du 3: Hay dung s o hnh 7-3, viet chng trnh ieu khien 1 led 7 oan em len t 0 en 9.
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;chuong trinh dem len tu 0 den 9 hien thi tren 1 led
dem
equ
r2
led
equ
p1
main0:
main1
org
mov
mov
mov
movc
mov
0000h
dptr,#ma7doan
dem,#00h
a,dem
a,@a+dptr
led,a
lcall
delay
inc
cjne
ljmp
dem
dem,#10,main1
main0
;bat dau chuong trinh

;
;dem=00
;lay ma 7 doan
;goi ra led hien thi
;tang gia tri dem

;ss dem voi 10
;lam lai tu dau
delay:
mov
r5,##0ffh
loop1:
mov
r6,#0ffh
djnz
r6,$
djnz
r5,loop1
ret
;khai bao ma 7 doan tu so '0' den so '9'
ma7doan:
db
0C0h,0F9h,0A4h,0B0h,99h,92h,82h,0F8h,80h,90h
end
278
Vi x ly
SPKT
Trong v du 3 chung ta can quan tam en bien co ten dem vi gia tr ban au bang 00h,
c giai ma sang ma 7 oan va gi ra led e hien th, tiep theo la thc hien chng trnh con
delay 1 giay, sau o tang gia tr em len 1 n v va kiem tra xem neu cha bang 10 th quay ve
giai ma va hien th so mi, neu bang 10 th xoa ve 00 va bat au lai chu ky mi.
V du 4: Hay dung s o hnh 7-4, viet chng trnh ieu khien 1 led 7 oan em len t 0 en 9.
dem
equ
r2
led
equ
p1
main0:
main1
org
0000h
mov
mov
mov
lcall
dem,#00h
a,dem
led,a
delay
;dem=00
inc
cjne
ljmp
dem
dem,#10,main1
main0
;goi ra led hien thi

;tang gia tri dem
;ss dem voi 10
;lam lai tu dau
delay:
mov
r5,##0ffh
loop1:
mov
r6,#0ffh
djnz
r6,$
djnz
r5,loop1
ret
end
Trong v du 4 th yeu cau giong v du 3 nhng trong mach ien a dung IC giai ma led 7 oan
nen trong chng trnh khong can phai tien hanh giai ma, ch can gi ma BCD ra port.
c.
Giao tiep vi nhieu led 7 oan:
e lam quen vi cach thc giao tiep ieu khien nhieu led 7 oan th nen ket noi theo phng
phap quet. S o nguyen ly cua led 7 oan hnh 7-5.
Tai moi mot thi iem ta ch cho 1 transistor dan va 7 transistor con lai tat, d lieu gi ra se
sang tren led tng ng vi transistor dan. Sau o cho 1 transistor khac dan va gi d lieu hien th
cho led o, qua trnh ieu khien nay dien ra lan lt cho en khi het 8 led.
Vi toc o gi d lieu nhanh va do mat ta co lu anh nen ta nhn thay 8 led sang cung 1 luc.
Ma quet: mc logic 0 th transistor dan, mc logic 1 th transistor ngat c trnh bay bang
7-1.
MA HEX
FE
FD
FB
F7
Vi x ly
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ma quet ieu khien cac transistor

1
1
1
1
0
Transistor
1
1
1
0
1
Transistor
1
1
0
1
1
Transistor
1
0
1
1
1
Transistor
1 ON
2 ON
3 ON
4 ON
279

EF
DF
BF
7F
1
1
1
0
SPKT
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Transistor
Transistor
Transistor
Transistor
5 ON
6 ON
7 ON
8 ON
Bang 7-1. Ma quet ieu khien led.
Ma 7 oan: trong he thong s dung led 7 oan loai Anode chung nen mc logic 0 th led sang
va mc logic 1 th led tat. Cac ma 7 oan cua cac so thap phan t 0 en 9 va cac so hex t A en F
c trnh bay bang 7-2:
So hex dp g f e d c b a Ma so hex
0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
C0
1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
F9
2
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
A4
3
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
B0
4
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
99
5
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
92
6
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
82
7
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
F1
8
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
80
9
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
90
A
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
88
B
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
83
C
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
C2
D
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
A1
E
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
86
F
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
8E
Bang 7-2. Ma 7 oan cua cac so.
Cac ma khac co the t thiet lap.
280
Vi x ly

39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X1
18
9
R
10k
10
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
p
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
f
g
dp
A1
A2
a
b
c
d
e
LED0
A564
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
LED1
Q0
A564
R10
P20
10k
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
f
g
dp
A1
A2
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
f
g
dp
A1
A2
a
b
c
d
e
LED2
Q1
A564
R11
VCC
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
f
g
dp
A1
A2
a
b
c
d
e
LED3
Q2
A564
R12
VCC
10k
P21
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
P22
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
Q3
R13
VCC
10k
P23
VCC
10k
30
29
31
EA/VP
X2
RST
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
p20
p21
p22
p23
p24
p25
p26
p27
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
ALE/P
PSEN
Y1
RESET
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SPKT
VCC
a
b
c
d
e
AT89S52
4
5
9
7
6
VCC
f
g
dp
A1
A2
a
b
c
d
e
LED4
A564
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
LED5
Q4
A564
R14
P24
10k
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
f
g
dp
A1
A2
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
f
g
dp
A1
A2
a
b
c
d
e
LED6
Q5
A564
R15
VCC
P25
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
f
g
dp
A1
A2
a
b
c
d
e
LED7
Q6
A564
R16
VCC
10k
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
P26
10k
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
Q7
R17
VCC
P27
VCC
10k
Hnh 7-5. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 8 led 7 oan.
Trong s o hnh 7-5 ta co the giam bt so lng ng ieu khien bang cach dung them IC
so ong vai tro quet va giai ma nh hnh 7-6.
P10
P11
P12
P13
7
1
2
6
3
5
7447
U5
D0
D1
D2
D3
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
LT
RBI
P14
P15
P16
1
2
3
6
4
5
VCC
P17
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
74S138
A
B
C
G1
G2A
G2B
RESET
10
18
9
U4
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X2
RST
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
dp
A1
A2
LED0
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
X1
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
7
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
Y1
BI/RBO
VCC
13
12
11
10
9
15
14
ALE/P
PSEN
EA/VP
A564
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
dp
A1
A2
LED1
Q0
R10
Y0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
P10
P11
P12
P13
P14
P15
P16
P17
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
a
b
c
d
e
10k
f
g
dp
A1
A2
LED4
A564
Y4
10k
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
dp
A1
A2
LED2
Q1
R11
VCC
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
Q4
Y1
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
a
b
c
d
e
10k
f
g
dp
A1
A2
LED5
R14
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
A564
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
A564
Y5
10k
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
dp
A1
A2
LED3
Q2
R12
VCC
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
Q5
Y2
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
a
b
c
d
e
10k
f
g
dp
A1
A2
LED6
R15
VCC
A564
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
A564
Y6
10k
Q3
R13
VCC
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
Q6
Y3
a
b
c
d
e
4
5
9
7
6
a
b
c
d
e
VCC
10k
f
g
dp
A1
A2
LED7
R16
VCC
A564
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
A564
2 f
1 g
10 p
3
8
Q7
R17
VCC
Y7
10k
VCC
30
29
31
VCC
R
10k
AT89S52
VCC
Hnh 7-6. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 8 led 7 oan ch dung 1 port 8 ng.
Vi x ly
281
SPKT
Trong s o hnh 7-6 ta dung IC 7447 ong vai tro giai ma so BCD sang ma 7 oan, IC 74138
co chc nang giai ma 3 ng sang 8 ng ieu khien 8 transistor. So lng ng ieu khien
can dung la 7 ng.
Trong 7 ng ieu khien cua port1 th vi ieu khien se dung 4 bit thap e gi ma BCD ra IC
giai ma ieu khien led 7 oan, 3 bit tiep theo dung e ieu khien IC giai ma cho phep 1 transistor
dan. ng tn hieu P1.7 ieu khien chan cho phep cua IC 74138: khi muon cho phep hien th th
P1.7 phai mc 0, khi cam th P1.7 phai mc H.
Trong phng phap quet s dung 8 led th thi gian c phep sang cua 1 led bang 1/8 chu
ky quet, thi gian tat bang 7/8 chu ky quet. Do thi gian led tat kha dai so vi thi gian led sang
nen phai quet nhanh th ta mi nhn thay tat ca cac led eu sang.
Vi led n sang chu ky va tat chu ky th tan so e mat ta nhn thay led sang lien tuc
(sang luon do mat lu anh) o c trong thc te phai > 40Hz.
Vi 8 led 7 oan dung phng phap quet th tan so quet o c trong thc te phai ln hn
>60Hz.
Cach tnh toan nh sau: vi dong lam viec bnh thng (khong quet) chon la I LED = 5mA , ap
lam viec nh mc VLED = 1.8V . Khi o ien tr cua moi led la:
RBT =

=
= 550
I LED
5mA
Khi dung phng phap quet: th dong tc thi phai bang 40mA gap 8 lan. e tang dong th
co 2 cach: tang ap hoac giam ien tr. e phu hp vi ien ap lam viec nen ta thc hien cach
giam ien tr va ien tr c tnh lai nh sau:
RQuet =

=
= 68,75
40mA
I LED _ QUET
Vay ien tr han dong giam va thng c chon nam trong pham vi t 68 en 220 nham
tang them cng o sang va bao ve qua dong.
Cau hoi 2: Hay cho biet u khuyet iem cua 2 cach giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 8 led 7 oan
2 hnh tren.
d.
Cac chng trnh v du giao tiep vi 8 led 7 oan:
V du 5: Chng trnh em giay hien th tren led 7 oan s dung phng phap quet.
;su dung ngat timer t0 de dem chinh xac ve thoi gian
giay
equ
r2
;gan bien dem giay la R2
bdn
equ
r1
;gan bien dem ngat
quet
equ
p2
led7
equ
p0
; chuong trinh chinh
org
0000h
ljmp
main
;nhay den chtr chinh
282
Vi x ly
main:
main0:
main1:
main2:
SPKT
org
ljmp
000bh
int_t0
;nhay den chtr con ngat timer0
mov
mov
tmod,#01h
dptr,#ma7doan
;timer0: mod 1 - dem 16 bit

;dptr quan ly vung ma 7 doan
clr
mov
mov
mov
setb
tf0
IE,#10000010B
TH0,#high(-50000)
TL0,#low(-50000)
tr0
;xoa co tran
;cho phep timer0 ngat
;khoi tao timer delay 50ms
mov
mov
lcall
lcall
giay,#00h
bdn,#00
gma
hthi
;giay=00
;nap bien den so lan ngat
;cho phep timer bat dau dem
;goi chtr con hien thi
cjne
bdn,#20,main2
;chua dung 20 lan [tuc 1 giay]
mov
a,giay
;chuyen giay sang A
add
a,#1
;tang giay len 1
da
a
;hieu chinh so BCD trong A
mov
giay,a
;tra lai cho giay
cjne
giay,#60h,main1
;ss giay voi 60h
ljmp
main0
;lam lai tu dau
; chuong trinh con giai ma
gma:
mov
a,giay
anl
a,#0fh
;xoa 4 bit cao hang chuc giay
movc a,@a+dptr
;lay ma 7 doan
mov
27h,a
;cat ma vao o nho 20h
mov
a,giay
anl
a,#0f0h
;xoa 4 bit thap hang dvi
swap a
;chuyen 4 bit cao xuong vi tri thap
movc a,@a+dptr
;lay ma 7 doan hang chuc
mov
26h,a
ret
;CHUONG TRINH CON NGAT TIMER0 SAU KHOANG THOI GIAN 50MS
int_t0:
inc
bdn
;tang bien dem giay len 1
mov
TH0,#high(-50000)
;khoi tao timer delay 50ms
mov
TL0,#low(-50000)
clr
TF0
reti
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;chuong trinh con hien thi
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
hthi:
mov
a,#01111111b
;ma quet
mov
r0,#27h
ht1:
mov
led7,@r0
mov
quet,a
lcall
delay1
mov
quet,#0ffh
dec
r0
rr
a
;chuyen sang led ke
cjne
r0,#25h,ht1
ret
;chuong trinh con delay1
Vi x ly
283
SPKT
delay1:
mov
r7,#0fh
djnz
r7,$
ret
ma7doan:
db
0C0h,0F9h,0A4h,0B0h,99h,92h,82h,0F8h,80h,90h
end
Bai tap 3: Hay viet chng trnh em giay cho s o hnh 7-6.
Bai tap 4: Hay viet chng trnh em phut giay cho ca 2 mach.
Bai tap 5: Hay viet chng trnh em gi phut giay cho ca 2 mach.
II.
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI PHM NHAN:

1. GIAO TIEP VI 1 HOAC 2 NUT NHAN:
Trong mot so he thong ieu khien luon co nut nhan hay phm nhan hay switch dung e giao
tiep gia con ngi va thiet b ieu khien v du nh may vi tnh, may tnh phai co ban phm e
nhap d lieu ma, thong tin, neu so lng nut nhan t khoang 1 en vai nut th nen ket noi 1 nut
nhan trc tiep vi 1 ngo vao nh hnh 7-7:
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X1
Y1
RESET
18
9
C1
C
R1
R
X2
RST
ALE/P
PSEN
EA/VP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
VCC
R1
10k
R2
10k
SW1
SW2
30
29
31
AT89S52
VCC
Hnh 7-7. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 2 nut nhan.
Khi cha nhan th cac ngo vao cua nut nhan mc logic H, khi nhan th se lam ngo ra
chuyen sang mc logic L. Trong hnh 7-7, 2 nut nhan c noi en ngo vao P2.0 va P2.1 cua vi
ieu khien. Chng trnh se kiem tra s thay oi trang thai cua mc logic va thc thi cac cong viec
tng ng vi tng nut nhan.
284
Vi x ly
SPKT
Vi vi ieu khien th cac port thng mc logic 1 nen 2 ien tr keo len la khong can thiet
nhng cac vi mach khac khong co tnh nang o neu khong co 2 ien tr keo len th khong hoat
ong c.
V du 6: Chng trnh ieu khien ong c DC co 2 nut nhan Start va Stop.
Lu o ieu khien cho chng trnh nh hnh 7-8:
Hnh 7-8. Lu o ieu khien.
Giai thch lu o:
Mac nhien khi cap ien th ong c ngng, ch kiem tra phm Start co c nhan hay khong:
neu khong nhan th tiep tuc ch, neu nhan th cho ong c chay. Kiem tra xem co nhan phm Stop
hay khong: neu khong nhan th ong c tiep tuc chay, neu co nhan stop th ket thuc chng trnh
quay lam lai t au.
Chng trnh c viet nh sau:
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;chtr dieu khien dong co: khi nhan nut start thi dong co quay
;khi nhan nut stop thi dong co ngung
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
start
bit
stop
bit
dk_dc equ
p2.0
p2.1
p1.0
;phim sw1
;phim sw2
;ngo ra dieu khien dong co
org
0000h
main1:
clr
dk_dc
;cho dong co ngung
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;chtr con dieu khien dong co quay thuan
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
jb
start,$
;cho nhan start
jnb
start,$
;cho buong nut nhan
Vi x ly
285
SPKT
setb
dk_dc
;cho dong co chay
jb
jnb
sjmp
stop,$
stop,$
main1
;cho nhan stop

;cho buong nut nhan
end
Hai nut nhan c ket noi vi 2 ngo vao cua port2. Bit P1.0 cua Port1 ket noi ieu khien
ong c.
2. GIAO TIEP VI MA TRAN NHIEU PHM:
Khi so lng nut nhan nhieu v du nh 16 phm, 20 phm, hoac nhieu hn nh ban phm may
tnh th phai dung cach ket noi kieu ma tran e giam bt so lng ng ket noi. S o ket noi vi
ieu khien vi 16 nut nhan nh hnh 7-9.
SW0
H0
SW4
SW1
H1
H2
H3
SW8
SW5
SWC
SW9
R0
10k
R1
10k
R2
10k
R3
10k
VCC
SWD
SW2
SW6
SWA
SWE
SW3
SW7
SWB
SWF
C0
C1
C2
C3
Hnh 7-9. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi ma tran phm 4x4.
Trong ban phm ma tran 44 se co 4 hang t H[0:3] ong vai tro la cac ngo vao bnh thng
mc H, va co 4 cot C[0:3] dung e xuat ma quet.
4 hang va 4 cot c ket noi vi 1 port cua vi ieu khien, vi ieu khien se xuat ma quet ra
cac cot va sau o oc d lieu cac hang ket qua cua qua trnh thc hien nh bang 7-3:
Ma quet xuat ra 4 cot
286
Nhap d lieu cua 4 hang
Nhan Phm
C3
C2
C1
C0
H3
H2
H1
H0
Khong nhan phm
Nhan phm SW0
Nhan phm SW1
Nhan phm SW2
Nhan phm SW3
Khong nhan phm
Nhan phm SW4
Nhan phm SW5
Vi x ly
SPKT
Nhan phm SW6
Nhan phm SW7
Khong nhan phm
Nhan phm SW8
Nhan phm SW9
Nhan phm SWA
Nhan phm SWB
Khong nhan phm
Nhan phm SWC
Nhan phm SWD
Nhan phm SWE
Nhan phm SWF
Bang 7-3. Ma quet xuat ra cot va ma hang c oc ve.
Trong cac ng dung ln nen dung IC chuyen dung quet ban phm ma tran va quet led 7 oan
hien th 8279 nh a trnh bay chng trc.
Chng trnh quet phm thng c viet dang chng trnh con va cac chng trnh khac se
goi chng trnh con quet phm e kiem tra xem co s tac ong t ben ngoai hay khong va neu co
th x ly theo yeu cau.
Khi ta nhan phm th thi gian nhan phm kha dai t vai chuc ms en hang giay, trong khi o
toc o cua vi x ly rat cao nen khi ta nhan phm th vi x ly se thc hien ngay lap tc va co the
thc hien nhieu lan neu thi gian nhan phm dai. ieu nay dan en khi ta nhan mot phm v du nh
ch A th se co nhieu ch A hien th tren man hnh nguyen nhan do doi phm nhan va do toc o
thc hien cua vi x ly nhanh, sau khi thc hien xong cong viec cua phm nhan o roi quay lai phat
hien ra phm van con nhan va tiep tuc thc hien tiep cho en khi nao buong phm th ngng.
Lu o xuat ma quet, kiem tra phm nhan va tao ma phm nh hnh 7-10:
Vi x ly
287
SPKT
Hnh 7-10. Lu o quet ma tran phm 4x4.
Lu o chong doi phm nh hnh 7-11:
288
Vi x ly
SPKT
Hnh 7-11. Lu o chong doi sau khi quet phm.
e chong doi phm ta thc hien nh sau: goi chng trnh con quet phm neu khong co nhan
phm th thoat, neu co th tien hanh goi lai chng trnh con 10 lan roi cat ma phm nhan, sau o
thc hien chng trnh quet ch cho buong phm va phai kiem tra 10 lan sau khi a buong phm
nhan, lay lai ma phm va thoat.
V du 7: Chng trnh giao tiep vi ieu khien vi ban phm ma tran 44 va 8 led 7 oan.
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;dung port3 ket noi voi ban fim ma tran 4x4
;dung port0 va port 2 ket noi dieu khien 8 led 7 doan quet
quet
equ
p2
led7
equ
p0
Vi x ly
289

mtphim
maphim
maquet
main:
equ
equ
equ
org
mov
mov
mov
0000h
dptr,#ma7doan
quet,#07fh
led7,#7fh
lcall
cjne
sjmp
keypres
a,#0ffh,main1
main
SPKT
p3
r5
11111110B
;ket noi voi ma tran ban phim

;luu tamma phim
;FEH
;xuat ma quet chi cho 1 led sang

;goi chtr con quet phim
main1:
lcall
gma_hthi
;goi chtr con giai ma hien thi
sjmp main
;Chuong trinh con giai ma fim nhan va hien thi ra 1 led 7 doan
gma_hthi:
movc a,@a+dptr
mov
led7,a
ret
;Chuong trinh con quet phim va chong doi phim
;su dung cac thanh ghi: R4, R5, R6, R7, A
;neu khong nhan thi (A) = FF, neu nhan thi (A) chua ma phim nhan
keypres:
mov
r4,#10
;nhap so dem 10 lan
keypres1 :
lcall
KEY
;Neu co phim an thi co c=1
jc
pn1
;kiem tra tiep neu c = 1
ret
;Neu khong co phim nhan thi co c=0
pn1:
djnz
push
r4,keypres1
acc
;Quay ve lap lai chong nay

;Cat noi dung ma phim trong A
keypres2:
keypres3:
mov
r4,#10
;Nhap so dem 10 lan cho nha phim
lcall
key
;Co phim nhan hay khong
jc
keypres2
;Co thi kiem tra lai
djnz
r4,keypres3
;Khong thi lap lai 50 lan va dam bao
pop
acc
;Khoi phuc lai gia tri cho A
ret
;ket thuc mot chuong trinh con
;Chuong trinh con quet phim
key:
mov
r7,#maquet
;bat dau voi cot so 0(feh)
mov
r6,#4
;Su dung r6 lam bo dem
mov
maphim,#00
key1:
290
mov
mov
anl
cjne
mtphim,r7
a,mtphim
a,#0f0h
a,#0f0h,key2
;xuat ma quet ra cot

;Doc lai port1 de xu ly tiep theo
;xoa 4 bit thap la hang
;co nhan fim thi nhay
mov
rl
mov
a,r7
a
r7,a
;xoay de chuyen den cot ke tiep
mov
add
mov
a,maphim
a,#4
maphim,a
;chuyen ma fim sang cot ke
djnz
r6,key1
;Neu nhu sau moi lan 1 cot ma khong
Vi x ly
key2:
key4:
SPKT
clr
mov
ret
c
a,#0ffh
;clr c neu nhu khong co phim duoc an

;thoat voi ma trong a = FFh
swap
rrc
jnc
inc
sjmp
a
a
key3
maphim
key4
;xoay sang phai tim bit 0

;nhay neu (c)=0
;tang ma fim len cot ke
;tiep tuc cho den khi duoc (C)=0
key3:
mov
a,maphim
setb
c
ret
;khai bao du lieu ma phim
ma7doan:
db
0c0h,0f9h,0a4h,0b0h,099h,092h,082h,0f8h
db
080h,090h,088h,083h,0c6h,0a1h,086h,08eh
end
Giai thch: chng trnh nay thc hien quet ban phm e kiem tra phm nhan, chong doi, tao
ma phm, giai ma phm va hien th tren 1 led 7 oan trong he thong 8 led ket noi theo phng
phap quet.
Ban phm ma tran ket noi vi port3, quet ieu khien 8 transistor dung port2, ieu khien cac
oan dung port0.
Ch dung 1 led e hien th nen xuat ma quet ra la 7FH = 0111111B e cho 1 transistor dan.
Mac nhien cho dau cham thap phan sang tren led 7 oan.
Goi chng trnh kiem tra xem co nhan phm hay khong?
Neu khong nhan phm th ma phm cuoi cung lu trong thanh ghi A =FFH, neu co nhan phm
th tien hanh chong doi bang cach thc hien delay va kiem tra lai xem phm nhan co con tac ong
hay khong? Neu khong con th xem nh lan nhan va roi khong co tac dung, neu con nhan th tien
hanh kiem tra xem nhan phm nao va thiet lap ma phm tng ng.
Ma phm se c giai ma sang ma 7 oan va c hien th tren led.
Neu nhan phm mi th ma cua phm mi se hien th con ma phm trc mat.
Bai tap 6: Hay m rong chng trnh tren vi yeu cau nh sau: mac nhien hien th so 0, khi
nhan phm mi th phm cu se c dch sang led ke ben trai nh cach hien th tren may tnh
(calculator).
Bai tap 7: Hay dung ban phm ma tran ieu khien ong c bc vi cac yeu cau sau:
Mot nut Start: khi nhan nut nay th ong c chay.
Mot nut Stop: khi nhan nut nay th ong c ngng.
Mot nut ao chieu: khi nhan nut nay th ong c ao chieu.
Vi x ly
291
III.
SPKT
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI VI MACH CHUYEN OI ADC:

1.
GIAO TIEP VI IEU KHIEN VI ADC 0809:
Vi mach chuyen oi tn hieu tng t sang tn hieu so co rat nhieu loai phan biet theo so
kenh va so bit. Mot vi mach chuyen oi thng c s dung nhieu la ADC 0808 hoac ADC 0809.
Cac thong so lam viec cua vi mach nh sau:
-
ADC 8 bit.
Thi gian chuyen oi 100s.
De giao tiep vi vi x ly hoac vi ieu khien.
Cac ngo ra 3 trang thai co chot.
Cac ngo vao a ch co chot.
Dung nguon 5V.
S o chan cua IC ADC 0809 nh hnh 7-12:
Hnh 7-12. S o chan IC ADC 0809.
Bang trang thai IC ADC 0809 nh bang 7-4:
Bang 7-4. Bang trang thai chon kenh ADC.
292
Vi x ly
SPKT
Hnh 7-13. S o khoi ben trong IC ADC 0809.
S o ket noi vi ieu khien vi IC ADC 0809 nh hnh 7-14:

39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X1
ALE/P
PSEN
Y1
RESET
18
9
C1
C
R1
R
EA/VP
X2
RST
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
17
14
15
8
18
19
20
21
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
25
24
23
22
9
6
7
30
29
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
A0
A1
A2
ALE
OE
START
EOC
IN0
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
CLK
REF+
REFVCC
31
VCC
26
27
28
1
2
3
4
5
IN0
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
R2
10
12
U2A
VCC
16
2
v R1
10k
11
1K
VCC
7414
1
C2
0.001
ADC0809
AT89S52
VCC
Hnh 7-14. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi ADC 0809.
Trong he thong hnh 7-14, vi ieu khien s dung 15 ng ieu khien e giao tiep vi
ADC0809, trong o co 8 ng dung e nhan d lieu so sau khi chuyen oi (D7:D0), 3 ng dung
e xuat a ch chon 1 trong 8 kenh (A2A1A0), 1 ng dung e xuat tn hieu chot a ch (ALE), 1
ng dung e xuat tn hieu ieu khien ADC0809 bat au chuyen oi (START), 1 ng dung e
xuat tn hieu ieu khien cho phep xuat d lieu (OE), 1 ng dung e nhan tn hieu bao qua trnh
chuyen oi ket thuc e tien hanh nhan d lieu.
Vi x ly
293
SPKT
Gian o thi gian cua IC ADC0809 nh hnh 7-15:
Hnh 7-15. Gian o thi gian cua ADC 0809.
Trong ng dung ta co the dung 1 ng ieu khien ca 2 tn hieu ALE va START. Sau khi ra
lenh ADC thc hien qua trnh chuyen oi th vi ieu khien se kiem tra tn hieu EOC xem chung
xuong mc thap la bao hieu qua trnh chuyen oi ang xay ra, va ch cho en khi tn hieu nay len
mc cao tr lai th qua trnh chuyen oi ket thuc mi tien hanh nhan d lieu.
Ta co the khong thc hien theo cach kiem tra va trnh bay bang cach ch ADC chuyen oi
xong sau 1 khoang thi gian tCONV ln nhat la 116s theo so tay tra cu (datasheet) th bat au
nhan d lieu. Khi o ta khong can phai dung 1 ng tn hieu kiem tra chan EOC va chan nay bo
trong.
Lu o ieu khien ADC 0809 chuyen oi 1 kenh theo 2 cach va trnh bay nh hnh 7-16:
294
Vi x ly
SPKT
(a)
(b)
Hnh 7-16. Lu o ieu khien ADC 0809.
Lu o (a) ieu khien chuyen oi bang cach ch tn hieu tra li EOC, lu o (b) th dung
delay. Thi gian ch phai ln hn thi gian chuyen oi cho trong datasheet.
V du 7: Chng trnh giao tiep vi ieu khien vi ADC 0809 va 8 led 7 oan.
Yeu cau: dung 1 kenh th 0 va d lieu sau khi chuyen oi dang so hex hien th tren 2 led.
Ket qua hien th nam trong khoang t 00 en FF.
main:
quet
led7
equ
equ
p0
p3
;dieu khien quet transistor

;dieu khien cac doan a,b,c,...
inadc
control
equ
equ
p1
p2
;nhap du lieu tu adc

;dieu khien adc
;ALE
start
bit
bit
p0.3
p2.3
org
mov
lcall
lcall
lcall
ljmp
0000h
dptr,#ma7doan
ctcd_adc
gma_hex_bcd
delayhthi
main
;goi chtr con chuyen doi du lieu

;goi chtrinh con giai ma so hex sang led 7 doan
;nhay ve chuyen doi tro lai
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;chtrinh con chuyen so hex thanh so BCD va sau do thi chuyen
Vi x ly
295
SPKT
;ma BCD thanh ma 7 doan de hien thi so thap phan

gma_hex_bcd:
mov
b,#10
;chuyen so hex sang ma BCD
div
ab
mov
10h,b
;luu hang don vi BCD
mov
div
b,#10
ab
;(a) chua so hang tram, (b) chua hang chuc
movc
mov
a,@a+dptr
25h,a
;cat so hang tram
mov
movc
mov
a,b
a,@a+dptr
26h,a
mov
movc
mov
ret
a,10h
a,@a+dptr
27h,a
;chuong trinh con chuyen doi du lieu analog sang so ket qua luu trong A
ctcd_adc:
mov
control,#00000000B
;goi ra port
setb
start
;start = 1
nop
nop
clr
start
lcall
delayhthi
;goi chtr con delay co hien thi
mov
a,inadc
;doc du lieu sau khi chuyen doi
ret
;chuong trinh con co ghep chtr con hien thi
delayhthi:
mov
7eh,#20
pqn:
mov
7fh,#30
delpqn:
lcall
hthi
;goi chuong trinh con hien thi
djnz
7fh,delpqn
djnz
7eh,pqn
ret
;chuong trinh con hien thi ket qua dang so hex sau khi giai ma ra led
hthi:
mov
led7,27h
;lay du lieu tung kenh
mov
quet,#11111110b
;goi ma quet cho 1 led sang
lcall
delay10
mov
quet,#0ffh
; tat het de chong lem
mov
led7,26h
;lay du lieu tung kenh
mov
quet,#11111101b
;goi ma quet cho 1 led sang
lcall
delay10
mov
quet,#0ffh
; tat het de chong lem
ret
delay10:
mov
7ch,#50h
djnz
7ch,$
ret
296
Vi x ly
SPKT

ma7doan:
db
0C0h,0F9h,0A4h,0B0h,099h,092h,082h,0F8h
db
080h,090h,088h,083h,0c6h,0a1h,086h,08eh
end
Trong chng trnh s dung cac khai bao: quet va led7 la 2 port giao tiep ieu khien 8
led 7 oan, inadc la port ket noi vi 8 ng d lieu so ngo ra cua adc 0809, control la port
ket noi ieu khien chon kenh va cac tn hieu ieu khien Start va ALE noi chung.
Trong chng trnh s dung delay e ch ADC chuyen oi xong. Trong thi gian ch th vi
ieu khien se thc hien quet 8 led 7 oan e hien th d lieu.
Bai tap 8: Hay viet chng trnh chuyen oi kenh th 0 va ket qua hien th dang so BCD
tren 3 led.
Bai tap 9: Hay viet chng trnh chuyen oi ADC kenh th 0 va kenh th 1 hien th tren 3
led 7 oan.
2. GIAO TIEP VI IEU KHIEN VI ADC ICL7109:

Vi vi mach ADC 0809 ch chuyen oi 8 bit, khi co nhng yeu cau vi so bit nhieu hn th vi
mach hien ang c s dung pho bien la ICL7109. Cac thong so lam viec cua vi mach nh sau:
-
ADC 2 o doc 12 bit.
Cac ngo ra 3 trang thai tng thch vi TTL to chc theo byte.
Co cac ngo vao RUN/HOLD va ngo ra STATUS dung e giam sat va ieu khien qua
trnh chuyen oi.
Nhieu co gia tr thap 15VP-P.
Dong ngo vao rat nho khoang 1pA.
Toc o chuyen oi 30 lan / 1giay.
Mach dao ong tch hp ben trong s dung thach anh 3.58MHz.
Dung nguon 5V.
S o chan cua IC ADC ICL 7109 nh hnh 7-17
Vi x ly
297
SPKT
Hnh 7-17. S o chan IC ADC ICL 7109.
S o giao tiep vi ieu khien vi ADC ICL 7109 nh hnh 7-18:

R2
C3
1
U1
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X1
Y1
RESET
18
9
C1
C
R1
R
X2
RST
AT89S52
ALE/P
PSEN
EA/VP
VCC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
30
29
31
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
25
4
3
2
20
19
18
24
B1
IN+
B2
INB3
B4
REFIN+
B5
REFINB6
B7
OSCIN
B8
OSCOUT
BUFF
B9
B10
AZ
B11
B12
INT
BUFOSCOUT
REFCAP+
REFCAPOR
REFOUT
VPOL
STATUS
RUN/HOLD
CE/LOAD
SEND
HBEN
TEST
V+
LBEN
OSCSEL
MODE
COM
1M
J1
1
2
35
34
R4
20K
CON2
36
39
R3
5K
22
23
30
R5
C4
0.33
C5
0.15
31
32
37
38
29
28
26
27
17
40
21
33
+5V
22K
Y2
3.58MHz
1M
C2
-5V
+5V
ICL7109
VCC
Hnh 7-18. Giao tiep vi ieu khien AT89S52 vi IC ADC ICL 7109.
Trong s o hnh 7-18, vi ieu khien dung 12 ng ket noi vi 12 ng d lieu so ngo ra
cua ADC 7109 t B12B1. 4 ng ieu khien bao gom: ng ieu khien chon chip CE, ng
298
Vi x ly
SPKT
kiem tra cc tnh dng khi POL mc H, ng kiem tra trang thai STATUS mc H khi d lieu
a c chot va ng kiem tra tn hieu OR cho biet tn hieu tng t ngo vao co vt qua ngng
hay khong.
oi vi ADC 7109 th qua trnh ieu khien chuyen oi n gian hn v no ch co 1 kenh va
chuyen oi lien tuc. Lu o chuyen oi nh hnh 7-19
Hnh 7-19. Lu o ieu khien ADC ICL 7109.
Khi muon oc d lieu t ADC th ieu khien cho CE xuong mc 0, tien hanh kiem tra xem
tn hieu bao tran e biet co b tran hay khong: neu b tran th d lieu so nhan ve khong co y ngha
v chung khong ung, neu khong b tran th tien hanh nhan d lieu, cho CE len mc 1 tr lai. Ket
thuc 1 chu ky va tien hanh x ly ket qua.
3. GIAO TIEP VI IEU KHIEN VI DAC 0808:
DAC la vi mach chuyen oi tn hieu so sang tn hieu tng t, vi mach thng c s dung
pho bien la DAC 0808 - 8 bit:
S o chan DAC 0808 nh hnh 7-20:
Vi x ly
299
SPKT
Hnh 7-20. S o chan IC DAC 0808.
S o giao tiep vi ieu khien vi DAC 0808 nh hnh 7-21:
19
X1
Y1
RESET
18
9
C1
C
R1
R
X2
RST
ALE/P
PSEN
EA/VP
VREFCOMP
4
8
2
14
VCC
15
6
OP07
IC2
7
1
VREF+
OUT
R2
16
5K
C2
J1
-12V
R3
5K
ANALOG OUT
2
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
DAC 0808
-Vcc
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
Vcc
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
GND
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
IC1
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
+12V
5K
R4
13
5V -12V
C
-12V
30
29
31
VCC
AT89S52
VCC
Hnh 7-21. S o giao tiep vi ieu khien vi DAC 0808.
Trong s o giao tiep vi ieu khien dung port 1 e xuat d lieu so en DAC 0808, tn hieu
ngo ra cua DAC c a qua mach khuech ai dung op-amp OP07 hoac op-amp 741, bien tr R2
dung e chnh o phan giai cho DAC.
IV.
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI RELAY VA ONG C BC:

1. GIAO TIEP VI IEU KHIEN VI RELAY:
Trong cac ng dung giao tiep ieu khien cac thiet b s dung nguon 220VAC th phai dung
cac linh kien giao tiep trung gian. Cac linh giao tiep bao gom relay, SCR, TRIAC,
300
Vi x ly
SPKT
Trong phan nay se trnh bay phan giao tiep vi relay.

Khi s dung relay can phai biet cac thong so: ien ap lam viec cua cuon day, dong lam viec
cua cuon day va dong ien lam viec cua tiep iem e ieu khien tai.
S o mach giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 2 relay nh hnh 7-22:
Trong s o s dung relay dung nguon 12V, transistor chon co dong lam viec IC phai ln hn
dong lam viec cua cuon day relay.
Moi relay thng co 1 tiep iem thng h va 1 tiep iem thng ong.
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
X1
ALE/P
PSEN
Y1
RESET
18
9
C1
C
R1
R
EA/VP
X2
RST
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
4
4
+12V
R2
RELAY
1
1
D1
Q1
R11
10K
5
5
4
4
3
3
1
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
R1
RELAY
D2
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
+12V
Q2
R12
10K
30
29
31
VCC
AT89S52
VCC
Hnh 7-22. S o giao tiep vi ieu khien vi relay.
Trong s o hnh 7-22 co 1 khuyet iem: neu ta s dung tiep iem thng h cua relay e
ieu khien tai la ong c th khi vi ieu khien mi c cap ien th mach auto reset se thc hien
lam cac ngo ra cua cac port mc H lam cac transistor dan relay ong ong c chay. Het
thi gian reset th vi ieu khien mi thc hien chng trnh tat ong c, s kien nay se xay ra
tng t khi ta nhan nut reset he thong. ieu nay nguy hiem cho cac oi tng c ieu khien
bang ong c.
e khac phuc khuyet iem tren bang cach them 1 cong ao ngo ra trc khi ieu khien
transistor hoac dung IC giao tiep ULN2803 nh hnh 7-23:
Vi x ly
301
SPKT
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
X1
Y1
RESET
18
9
C
10
R
10k
X2
RST
ALE/P
PSEN
EA/VP
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
30
29
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
IN8
GND
OUT1
OUT2
OUT3
OUT4
OUT5
OUT6
OUT7
OUT8
COM
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
4
4
3
3
1
+12V
R4
+12V RELAY
1
R3
RELAY
4
4
3
3
1
+12V
R2
RELAY
4
4
3
3
1
R1
RELAY
5
5
4
4
3
3
+12V
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
IC2
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
+12V
+12V
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
RN2
10k
ULN2803
31
VCC
AT89S52
VCC
Hnh 7-23. S o giao tiep vi ieu khien vi 4 relay qua IC giao tiep ULN2803.
Trong s o tren ULN 2803 la IC giao tiep em ao: vi moi ngo ra chu dong chay vao len
en 500mA, ien ap lam viec len en 50V hoac 95V tuy theo loai. Ngo vao tng thch vi ho
TTL. Co diode bao ve ngo ra. Trong mach s dung 4 ngo ra cua vi ieu khien c a qua 2
cong NOT nen khi vi ieu khien b reset th trang thai ngo ra cua cac port bang 1, ngo ra cua IC
ULN 2803 cung bang 1 tng ng vi nguon 12V nen relay khong dan. Ngc lai neu ngo ra cua
vi ieu khien bang 0 th relay dan.
2. GIAO TIEP VI IEU KHIEN VI ONG C BC:
ong c bc co chc nang ieu khien cac thiet b di chuyen vi khoang cach ngan v du
nh ieu khien di chuyen au oc a. Tuy thuoc vao cong suat cua ong c ma s dung cac mach
giao tiep cho phu hp. Thng th cac ong c bc luon i kem vi mach ieu khien va ch nhan
lenh t vi x ly hay vi ieu khien.
Hnh ong c bc loai nho dung trong o a mem 1.2 MB nh hnh 7-24:
Hnh 7-24. Hnh ong c bc loai nho.
S o day ben trong ong c bc nh hnh 7-25:
302
Vi x ly
SPKT
Hnh 7-25. Cac cuon day ben trong ong c bc.
ong c bc n cc co 5 ngo ra: trong o co 4 au day coil1coil4 dung e ieu khien con
au day common dung e noi nguon cung cap. K hieu cac mau day theo qui nh nh hnh 7-26:
Hnh 7-26. Cac cuon day ben trong ong c bc.
ong c bc n cc co 6 ngo ra: trong o co 4 au day coil1coil4 dung e ieu khien, 2

au day con lai chnh la day common c tach ra lam 2, khi dung phai noi ca 2 vi nguon cung
cap. Hai day common nay co cung mau.
Cach xac nh cac cuon day cua ong c bc theo trnh t nh sau:
Noi cuon day common vi nguon cung cap
Chon mot au day va noi au day o xuong mass
va gia s au day o la day th 4 hay xem hnh ben
phai tng ng.
Gi nguyen bc tren
Tiep theo chon 1 au day trong 3 au con lai va noi
vi mass quan sat thay rotor quay nhe 1 bc theo
chieu kim ong ho th o la cuon day th 3.
Thao cuon day th 3 ra khoi mass

Tiep theo chon 1 au day trong 2 au con lai va noi
vi mass quan sat thay rotor quay nhe 1 bc ngc
chieu kim ong ho th o la cuon day th 1.
Vi x ly
303
SPKT
Cuon day con lai la cuon day th 2 nhng ta cung

co the kiem tra bang cach noi no vi mass quan sat
thay rotor khong quay.
Cach xac nh cuon day common bang cach chon 1 au day tuy y lam day common, o ien
tr vi 4 au day con lai: neu 4 gia tr ien tr eu bang nhau th au day a chon la au common,
neu khong bang th chon au day khac va thc hien lai se tm ra c au day common.
Trnh t ieu khien ong c bc gom co 3 kieu: kieu kch 1 cuon day, kieu kch 2 cuon day
va cach ieu khien na bc.
a.
Kieu ieu khien kch 1 cuon day nh hnh 7-27:
Hnh 7-27. ieu khien kch 1 cuon day.
Trong hnh tren th moi 1 thi iem ch co 1 cuon day trang thai on. ong c se quay moi
bc khi thay oi trang thai ieu khien.
Muon quay ao chieu th trnh t ieu khien tien hanh theo chieu ngc lai.
b.
304
Kieu ieu khien kch 2 cuon day nh hnh 7-28:
Vi x ly
SPKT
Hnh 7-28. ieu khien kch 2 cuon day.
c.
Vi x ly
Phoi hp 2 cach ieu khien e ieu khien na bc nh hnh 7-29:
305
SPKT
Hnh 7-29. ieu khien phoi hp ca hai.
Trong cach ieu khien na bc co tat ca 8 trang thai khac nhau.

306
Vi x ly
SPKT
S o mach giao tiep vi ieu khien vi ong c bc nh hnh 7-30:

39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X1
Y1
RESET
C
10
18
9
R
10k
X2
RST
ALE/P
PSEN
EA/VP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+12V
IC2
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
30
29
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
IN8
GND
OUT1
OUT2
OUT3
OUT4
OUT5
OUT6
OUT7
OUT8
COM
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
RN2
10k
DONG CO BUOC
31
ULN2803
VCC
Coil1
Coil2
Coil3
Coil4
AT89S52
VCC
Hnh 7-30. S o giao tiep vi ieu khien vi ong c bc qua IC ULN2803.
Chan common cua ong c bc phai noi vi nguon ma ong c lam viec. Neu ong c cong
suat ln vi dong lam viec ln hn dong cua IC ULN2803 th nen dung transistor.
V du 8: Chng trnh ieu khien ong c bc quay lien tuc 1 chieu: dung kieu ieu khien
kch 1 cuon day:
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;chtr dieu khien step motor quay lien tuc theo 1 chieu, thoi gian delay dai thi dong co quay cham
;thoi gain nho thi dong co quay nhanh, thoi gian qua nho thi dong co khong dap ung duoc se dung yen
;dung 1 port de dieu khien motor qua ic giao tiep 2803 - dung 4 bit thap hoac 4 bit cao
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
outstep
equ
org
0000h
p1
main:
mov
outstep,#10001000b
lcall
delay
mov
outstep,#01000100b
lcall
delay
mov
outstep,#00100010b
lcall
delay
mov
outstep,#00010001b
lcall
delay
sjmp main
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
delay:
mov
r6,#0
del:
mov
r7,#0
djnz
r7,$
djnz
r6,del
ret
end
V du 9: Chng trnh ieu khien ong c bc quay 1 vong roi ngng:

;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Vi x ly
307
SPKT
;chtr dieu khien step motor quay 1 vong roi ngung luon
;dung 1 port de dieu khien motor qua ic giao tiep 2803
outstep
equ
p1
sobuoc
equ
50
;loai dco: 50x4=200 buoc
main2:
main1:
org
0000h
mov
mov
mov
mov
dptr,#datastep
r0,#0
r2,#sobuoc
r1,#4
mov
movc
mov
lcall
a,r0
a,@a+dptr
outstep,a
delay
inc
anl
djnz
r0
00h,#03h
r1,main1
;nap dia chi quan ly ma

;50 chu ky la vong
;1 chu ky 8 buoc
;anl r0 voi 00000011b
djnz
r2,main2
sjmp $
;dung lai
;chtr con delay
delay:
mov
r6,#10h
del:
mov
r7,#0
djnz
r7,$
djnz
r6,del
ret
;khai du lieu dieu khien dong co buoc
datastep:
db
10001000b
db
01000100b
db
00100010b
db
00010001b
end
ong c s dung trong bai v du nay co thong so la 1 vong 200 bc.
Bai tap 10: Hay thiet ke mach ieu khien 1 ong c bc vi cac nut nhan la Start, Stop, Inv
va giao tiep vi 4 led 7 oan. Viet chng trnh ieu khien ong c bc vi yeu cau nh sau: khi
nhan nut Start th ong c chay va hien th so bc tren led 7 oan, khi nhan nut stop th ong c
ngng, khi nhan nut ao chieu th ong c ao chieu.
V.
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI LCD:

1.
GII THIEU LCD:
cac phan giao tiep vi led 7 oan co han che v ch hien th c cac so t 0 en 9 hoac so
hex t 0 en F khong the nao hien th c cac thong tin k t khac, nhng chung se c hien
th ay u tren LCD.
308
Vi x ly
SPKT
LCD co rat nhieu dang phan biet theo kch thc t vai k t en hang chuc k t, t 1 hang
en vai chuc hang. V du LCD 162 co ngha la co 2 hang, moi hang co 16 k t. LCD 204 co
ngha la co 4 hang, moi hang co 20 k t.
LCD 162 nh hnh 7-31:
Hnh 7-31. Hnh cua LCD
2. S O CHAN CUA LCD:

LCD co nhieu loai va so chan cua chung cung khac nhau nhng co 2 loai pho bien la loai 14
chan va loai 16 chan, s khac nhau la cac chan nguon cung cap, con cac chan ieu khien th khong
thay oi, khi s dung loai LCD nao th phai tra datasheet cua chung e biet ro cac chan. S o
chan cua LCD nh bang sau:
Bang 7-6. Cac chan cua LCD
Trong 14 chan cua LCD c chia ra lam 3 dang tn hieu nh sau:

Cac chan cap nguon: Chan so 1 la chan noi mass (0V), chan th 2 la Vdd noi vi nguon +5V.
Chan th 3 dung e chnh contrast thng noi vi bien tr.
Cac chan ieu khien: Chan so 4 la chan RS dung e ieu khien la chon thanh ghi. Chan R/W
dung e ieu khien qua trnh oc va ghi. Chan E la chan cho phep dang xung chot.
Cac chan d lieu D7D0: Chan so 7 en chan so 14 la 8 chan dung e trao oi d lieu gia
thiet b ieu khien va LCD.
3. S O MACH GIAO TIEP VI IEU KHIEN VI LCD:
Trong phan nay se trnh bay phan giao tiep vi ieu khien vi LCD. Hnh 7-32 se trnh bay
ket noi dung vi ieu khien 87C751 cua cong ty HANTRONIX t tai lieu tren Internet.
Vi x ly
309
SPKT
Hnh 7-32. Giao tiep vi ieu khien 87C751 vi LCD.
Co the dung vi ieu khien AT89S52 e ieu khien LCD vi s o ket noi nh hnh 7-33:
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
12
13
17
10
14
15
11
16
19
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0/T2
P1.1/T2X
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
INT0
INT1
RD
RXD
T0
T1
TXD
WR
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
X1
Y1
RESET
18
9
C1
C
R1
R
X2
RST
AT89S52
ALE/P
PSEN
EA/VP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
E
R/W
RS
VCC
VDD
VO
30
29
R3
10K
VSS
31
VCC
LCD
VCC
Hnh 7-33. Giao tiep vi ieu khien AT89S52 vi LCD.
Chu y: khi lan au s dung LCD th phai chnh bien tr sau cho cac k t hien th tren LCD
th dng lai.
4. CAC LENH IEU KHIEN LCD:
310
Vi x ly
SPKT
e ieu khien LCD th co cac IC chuyen dung c tch hp ben di LCD co ma so 447801
en cac IC 447809. Trong IC nay co bo nh RAM dung e lu tr d lieu can hien th va thc hien
viec ieu khien LCD hien th.
Cac ieu khien bao gom cac lenh c liet ke bang sau:
Bang 7-7. Cac lenh cua LCD
Lenh xoa man hnh Clear Display: khi thc hien lenh nay th LCD se b xoa va bo em a
ch c xoa ve 0.
Lenh di chuyen con tro ve au man hnh Cursor Home: khi thc hien lenh nay th bo em a
ch c xoa ve 0, phan hien th tr ve v tr goc a b dch trc o. Noi dung bo nh RAM hien
th DDRAM khong b thay oi.
Lenh thiet lap loi vao Entry mode set: lenh nay dung e thiet lap loi vao cho cac k t hien
th, bit ID = 1 th con tro t ong tang len 1 moi khi co 1 byte d lieu ghi vao bo hien th, khi ID =
0 th con tro se khong tang: d lieu mi se ghi e len d lieu cu. Bit S = 1 th cho phep dch chuyen
d lieu moi khi nhan 1 byte hien th.
Lenh ieu khien con tro hien th Display Control: lenh nay dung e ieu khien con tro (cho
hien th th bit D = 1, tat hien th th bit D = 0), tat m con tro (m con tro th bit C = 1, tat con tro
th bit C = 0), va nhap nhay con tro (cho nhap nhay th bit B = 1, tat th bit B = 0).
Lenh di chuyen con tro Cursor /Display Shift: lenh nay dung e ieu khien di chuyen con
tro hien th dch chuyen (SC = 1 cho phep dch chuyen, SC = 0 th khong cho phep), hng dch
chuyen (RL = 1 th dch phai, RL = 0 th dch trai). Noi dung bo nh DDRAM van khong oi.
Lenh thiet lap a ch cho bo nh RAM phat k t Set CGRAM Addr: lenh nay dung e thiet
lap a ch cho bo nh RAM phat k t.
Lenh thiet lap a ch cho bo nh RAM hien th Set DDRAM Addr: lenh nay dung e thiet
lap a ch cho bo nh RAM lu tr cac d lieu hien th.
Hai lenh cuoi cung la lenh oc va lenh ghi d lieu LCD.
Dang song cac tn hieu khi thc hien ghi d lieu vao LCD nh hnh 7-34:
Vi x ly
311
SPKT
Hnh 7-34. Dang song ieu khien cua LCD.
Nhn vao dang song ta co the thay c trnh t ieu khien nh sau:
-
ieu khien tn hieu RS.
ieu khien tn hieu R/W xuong mc thap.
ieu khien tn hieu E len mc cao e cho phep.
Xuat d lieu D7D0.
ieu khien tn hieu E ve mc thap.
ieu khien tn hieu R/W len mc cao tr lai.
5. LU O IEU KHIEN LCD:

e ieu khien LCD th phai biet trnh t ieu khien c xay dng theo cac lu o nh hnh
7-35:
312
Vi x ly
SPKT
(a)
(b)
Hnh 7-35. Lu o ieu khien LCD.
Trong lu o hnh (a) o la lu o chnh bao gom qua trnh khi tao LCD, thiet lap a ch
cua vung nh RAM va thc hien qua trnh gi d lieu ra LCD hien th hang th 1 va tiep theo la
hang th 2.
Lu o hnh (b) la lu o cho biet trnh t thc hien qua trnh khi tao LCD bao gom cac
bc: gi ma ieu khien 38H ra LCD va thc hien delay t nhat la 4.1 ms. Tiep tuc thc hien lan
th 2 vi thi gian delay 100s. Cuoi cung gi lien tuc cac ma ieu khien 38H, 0CH, va 01H e
thiet lap cau hnh hoat ong cho LCD.
Lu o thc hien gi t ieu khien hay gi d lieu ra LCD e hien th nh hnh sau:
Vi x ly
313
SPKT
Hnh 7-36. Lu o xuat lenh hoac d lieu ra LCD.
Trong lu o co 2 au vao: au vao th nhat neu gi t ieu khien en LCD, au vao th 2

la gi d lieu can hien th en LCD s khac nhau nay the hien qua tn hieu ieu khien RS.
Cac bc con lai th giong nhau va sau khi tien hanh gi xong t ieu khien/d lieu th oc
lai t ieu khien/d lieu e kiem tra bit DB7 e xem t ieu khien/d lieu a c nhan xong
cha neu cha th phai ch, neu a nhan xong th thoat va san sang e nhan t ieu khien/d lieu
tiep theo.
6. CHNG TRNH IEU KHIEN LCD DUNG VI IEU KHIEN 89S52:
trnh:
Chng trnh sau se ieu khien LCD hien th 2 hang vi noi dung c cho cuoi chng
V du 10:
;chuong trinh dieu khien LCD 16X2 tren kit vi dieu khien
;DUNG PORT 0 KET DOI VOI CAC DUONG DU LIEU CUA LCD P0-7 ->D0-7
;DUNG 3 BIT CUA PORT2: P20,P21,P22 DIEU KHIEN E,R/W,RS
;tren man hinh LCD se hien thi noi dung moi
E
BIT
P2.0
rw
BIT
P2.1
rs
BIT
P2.2
byteout
314
equ
p0
Vi x ly

ORG
mov
LCALL
LCALL
LCALL
SJMP
0000H
0a2h,#0
khtaolcd
first_line
scond_line
$
SPKT
;khoi tao lcd

;goi chtr con hien thi hang thu nhat
;goi chtr con hien thi hang thu hai
;chtr con khoi tao LCD
khtaolcd:
setb
e
;Enable
clr
rs
;RS low
clr
rw
;RW low
MOV a,#38h
LCALL KTAO
LCALL ddelay41
MOV A,#38h
LCALL KTAO
LCALL ddelay100
;tu dieu khien LCD

;delay 4.1 mSec
;function set
;delay
MOV A,#38h
LCALL KTAO
;function
MOV
LCALL
MOV
LCALL
;tu dieu khien display on
A,#0ch
KTAO
A,#01h
KTAO
;tu dieu khien Clear display
MOV A,#06h
LCALL KTAO
;tu dieu khien entry mode set
MOV A,#80h
LCALL KTAO
;thiet lap dia chi LCD (set DD RAM)
MOV A,#0fh
LCALL KTAO
;enable display cursor
RET
;chuong trinh con delay 4.1 ms
ddelay41:
mov
r6,#90h
del412:
mov
r7,#200
djnz
r7,$
djnz
r6,del412
ret
;chuong trinh con delay 255 microgiay
ddelay100:
mov
r7,#00
djnz
r7,$
ret
;Feed command/data to the LCD module
command_byte:
clr
rs
;RS low for a command byte
ljmp
bdelay
Vi x ly
315

data_byte:
bdelay:
SPKT
setb
clr
clr
nop
rs
rw
e
;RS high for a data byte

;R/W low for a write mode
setb
nop
nop
;Enable pulse
mov
byteout,#0ffh
setb
clr
clr
rw
rs
e
;configure port1 to input mode

;set RW to read
;set RS to command
;generate enable pulse
nop
nop
setb
e
lcall
ddelay100
ret
;Chuong trinh con hien thi noi dung hang thu 1 tren LCD
first_line:
MOV A,#080h
;set DDRAM
LCALL KTAO
MOV DPTR,#FLINE_DATA
lcall
Write
ret
;Chuong trinh con hien thi noi dung hang thu 2 tren LCD
scond_line:
mov
a,#0c0h
;set DDRAM
LCALL KTAO
mov
dptr,#sline_data
lcall
write
ret
;chuong trinh con khoi tao LCD
KTAO:
mov
byteout,a
lcall
command_byte
RET
;chtr con goi data hien thi ra LCD
write:
MOV A,#0
MOVC A,@a+dptr
CJNE A,#99h,Writea
RET
Writea:
mov
byteout,a
acall data_byte
inc dptr
SJMP Write
;
Data bytes
FLINE_DATA: DB
'NGUYEN DINH PHU ',099h
SLINE_DATA: DB
'DAI HOC SPKT HCM',099h
END
316
Vi x ly
SPKT
Bai tap 11: Hay thiet ke mach ieu khien 1 LCD giong nh tren va 1 ban phm ma tran 44
va viet chng trnh sau cho khi nhan phm so nao th tren man hnh hien th so o tai v tr tan
cung ben trai, cac so trc dch sang trai.
Bai tap 12: Hay thiet ke mach ieu khien 1 LCD giong nh tren va 1 ban phm ma tran 44
va viet chng trnh ong ho hien th gi phut giay, ngay thang nam.
VI.
VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI LED MA TRAN:

1.
GII THIEU LED MA TRAN:
Trong quang cao ni cong cong thng s dung led ma tran, trong phan nay se gii thieu
va trnh bay cach giao tiep vi ieu khien vi led ma tran va phan mem ieu khien led ma tran.
Led ma tran la 1 tap cac led n c bo tr theo dang ma tran cho phep hien th c cac k
t bat ky. Cac nha che tao a tch hp theo cac dang ma tran tnh theo led 57 (5 cot va 7 hang)
hoac 88 (8 hang va 8 cot) va tnh theo kch thc va phan biet theo mau cua led, cuoi cung la
phan biet led sang trong nha (indoor) hay led sang ngoai tri (outdoor). Led sang trong nha th
khong the dung c ngoai tri v anh sang mat tri chieu vao lam chung ta khong nhn thay ro,
ch co led outdoor mi thay ro, va d nhien led outdoor se co gia thanh cao hn.
Hnh 7-37 gii thieu led ma tran 57 vi 4 mau khac nhau:
Hnh 7-37. Led ma tran 57.
2. CAU TAO VA PHNG PHAP IEU KHIEN LED MA TRAN:

Led ma tran la mot tap hp cac led n vi cach ket noi nh sau: theo hang th cac anode noi
chung, theo cot th cac cathode noi chung, vi led ma tran 57 th co 7 hang va 5 cot.
Vi x ly
317
SPKT
Anode noi vi mc H va cathode noi mc L th led sang, cac trng hp con lai th led tat.
Hay quan sat hnh 7-38 led ma tran 88 ang hien th ch A, co 2 cach hien th ch A:
Cach 1: d lieu gi ra hang, ma quet gi ra cot:
Moi k t co 5 byte ma:
-
Byte ma th nhat gi ra 8 hang (led nao sang th bit tng ng bang 1, led nao tat th
bit tng ng bang 0) va cho cot th nhat xuong mc L, cac cot con lai mc H.
Byte ma th hai gi ra 8 hang, cot th hai xuong mc L.
Byte ma th ba gi ra 8 hang, cot th ba xuong mc L.
Byte ma th t gi ra 8 hang, cot th t xuong mc L.
Byte ma th nam gi ra 8 hang, cot th nam xuong mc L.
Do toc o thc hien nhanh nen chung ta se nhn thay ca ch A sang.
Hnh 7-38. Sang ch A.
Neu hang tren cung la H0 va hang di cung la H7 th ma cua ch A va ma quet c tom

tat nh bang sau:
MA IEU KHIEN HANG
MA QUET IEU KHIEN COT
H7
H6
H5
H4
H3
H2
H1
H0
So hex
C0
C1
C2
C3
C4
F8
Cot th 1 sang
24
Cot th 2 sang
22
Cot th 3 sang
24
Cot th 4 sang
F8
Cot th 5 sang
Bang 7-8. Ma ch A
318
Vi x ly
SPKT
e thc hien quet cot va de dang cho viec m rong cot khi ket noi nhieu led ma tran vi
nhau th thanh ghi dch thng c s dung.
Vi ma tran 88 th thi gian sang cua 1 cot la 1/8 chu ky quet, thi gian tat la 7/8, chnh v
the led se sang khong ro neu lam viec vi dong va ap nh mc. e tang cng o sang th phai
tang ap va dong. Bnh thng led lam viec vi dong t 10mA en 20mA va ap la 2V, nhng vi
phng phap quet cho 1 led 88 th dong phai tang len khoang 8 lan t 80mA en 160mA tng
ng.
Cach tnh toan nh sau: vi dong lam viec bnh thng (khong quet) chon la 20mA, ap lam
viec nh mc 2V. Khi o ien tr cua moi led la:
RLED =
U
2V
=
= 100
I 20mA
Khi dung phng phap quet th dong tc thi phai bang 160mA, khi o dong trung bnh:
I LED _ TB =
160mA
= 20mA
8
Suy ra ien ap cung cap cho led:
VLED _ LED = 160mA 100 = 16V

Thng th chon dong thap hn nen ap cung cap se thap khoang t 9V en 12V.
S o mach ieu khien led ma tran nh hnh 7-39:
Vi x ly
319
SPKT
Hnh 7-39. S o mach ieu khien.
u iem:
-
Khi m rong them led th ch can ket noi song song 8 hang va cot dung thanh ghi
dch rat n gian do so lng ng ieu khien t.
Moi mot thi iem ch co 1 cot sang nen dong tieu thu thap.
Mach ien n gian.
Khuyet iem:
-
B gii han so cot v khi m rong cang nhieu cot th thi gian tat cua led tang them
tang dong qua ln nguy hiem cho led va led sang khong ro sinh ra hien tng
chap chn. Gia s co 100 cot th cho du quet nhanh hay quet cham th thi gian sang
cua moi cot van khong oi bang 1/100, thi gian tat bang 99/100.
Cach 2: d lieu gi ra cot, ma quet gi ra hang:

Moi k t co 5 byte ma giong nh cach 1, nhng trnh t thc hien nh sau:
320
Vi x ly
SPKT
MA IEU KHIEN HANG
MA QUET IEU KHIEN COT
H7
H6
H5
H4
H3
H2
H1
H0
0
1
So hex
C0
C1
C2
C3
C4
Hang th 0 sang
Hang th 1 sang
Hang th 2 sang
Hang th 3 sang
Hang th 4 sang
Hang th 5 sang
Hang th 6 sang
Hang th 7 sang
07
DB
DD
DB
07
HEX
Bang 7-9. Quet theo cach 2.
Cho 5 bit th 0 cua 5 byte ma ch A c dch ra cac cot, cho hang H0 dan khi o
hang H0 sang tuy thuoc vao d lieu.
Vi cach quet theo hang th thi gian sang cua led la 1/8 thi gian tat la 7/8.
Khi tang them led so cot tang len th thi gian sang va tat cua moi led van khong oi.
Nhng chu ky quet se tang v phai ton them thi gian gi d lieu ra cac cot, cang nhieu cot th
cang ton thi gian gi d lieu.
e ap ng c toc o quet khi bang quang bao co nhieu led th phai s dung cac IC co toc
o lam viec cao khoang vai chuc MHz nh CPLD e phu trach cong viec nay.
3. CHNG TRNH IEU KHIEN LED MA TRAN:
Cac chng trnh v du s dung s o nguyen ly hnh 7-39 va ieu khien theo cach 1.
V du 11: Chng trnh ieu khien hien th ch A:
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;chuong trinh hien thi ki tu chu A tren ma tran led dung yen
;ma chu A = 007H,0DBH,0DDH,0DBH,007H
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
hang equ
p3
;dieu khien hang
cotx
equ
p0
;dieu khien cot mau xanh
cotd
equ
p2
;dieu khien cot mau do
org
mov
mov
Vi x ly
0000h
cotx,#0
cotd,#0
;tat quet neu co ket noi

;tat quet neu co ket noi
321

main:
SPKT
mov
mov
lcall
mov
hang,#007h
cotx,#00000001b
delay
cotx,#00h
;goi du lieu ra hang 1

;goi ma quet cho 1 transistor dan
mov
mov
lcall
mov
hang,#0DBh
cotx,#00000010b
delay
cotx,#00h

;cot thu 2 dan
mov
mov
lcall
mov
hang,#0ddh
cotx,#00000100b
delay
cotx,#00h
;goi du lieu re hang 3
mov
mov
lcall
mov
hang,#0DBh
cotx,#00001000b
delay
cotx,#00h
mov
mov
lcall
mov
hang,#007h
cotx,#00010000b
delay
cotx,#00h
;chong lem
;chong lem
sjmp main
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;chuong trinh con delay nho
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
delay:
mov
r5,#10
de:
mov
r6,#20
djnz
r6,$
djnz
r5,de
ret
end
Bai tap 13: Hay thiet ke mach ieu khien 4 led ma tran 88 dung thanh ghi dch 6B595 e
quet cot. Viet chng trnh hien th 1 chuoi k t tuy y.
VII. VI IEU KHIEN GIAO TIEP VI REAL TIME 12C887:

1.
GII THIEU REALTIME:
Real-time la bo em thi gian thc thng c s dung trong cac ng dung ieu khien theo
thi gian, v du may tnh luon co 1 bo em thi gian thc va can c vao thi gian thc e biet cac
thong so ve thi gian cua 1 tap tin hay cac thong tin c tao ra, trong he thong van hanh cua ngan
hang cac giao dch xay ra eu phai xac nh thi gian, trong he thong tong ai luon co ong ho
thi gian thc e quan ly thue bao ve thi gian goi, thi iem goi e sau nay tnh tien cac cuoc
goi, moi hoat ong cua chung ta eu ong bo theo thi gian thc, qua nhng g trnh bay ta thay
c tam quan trong cua bo em thi gian thc nen trong phan nay trnh bay phan giao tiep vi IC
thi gian thc la DS12C887 do hang Dallas san xuat.
2. CAC THONG SO CUA REALTIME DS12887:
Cau truc cua Real-time bao gom:
322
Vi x ly
SPKT
Chan IC tng thch vi MC146818B va DS1287.
D lieu khong b mat sau khoang 10 nam khong can nguon cung cap cho IC.
Tch hp ben trong nguon pin va nguon dao ong.
Bo em giay, phut, gi, th trong ngay, ngay, thang, nam co gia tr en 2100.
Cac thong so thi gian c nh hnh 2 dang BCD hoac nh phan.
Co 2 mode hoat ong: mode 12 gi va mode 24 gi.
Cho phep la chon ket noi theo kieu Motorola va Intel.
a hp bus a ch va bus d lieu e tiet kiem chan IC.
Co 128 byte o nh RAM: trong o 14 byte au dung ong ho va thanh ghi ieu
khien, 114 byte con lai dung lam bo nh RAM a dung. Cac d lieu lu vao cac o
nh nay cung khong b mat khi mat nguon cung cap.
Co chan tn hieu ngo ra tao xung vuong co the lap trnh.
Co tn hieu bao ngat.
Co 3 nguon bao ngat co the che c va co the kiem tra c.
3. S O CHAN VA CHC NANG CAC CHAN REALTIME DS12C887:

Hnh 7-40 la s o chan cua IC real-time DS12C887:
Hnh 7-40. S o chan cua real-time DS12C887.
Ten cac chan cua IC nh sau:
Vi x ly
323
SPKT
Chc nang cac chan:

AD0-AD7 (Multiplexed Bidirectional Address/Data Bus): Bus a hp tiet kiem chan bi v
thong tin a ch va thong tin d lieu c dung chung ng tn hieu. a ch c xuat ra trong
khoang thi gian th nhat cua chu ky oc hoac ghi va sau o d lieu c xuat ra trong khoang
thi gian con lai cua chu ky oc/ghi. a hp a ch/d lieu khong lam cham thi gian truy cap.
GND, VCC: Nguon cung cap cho Real-time. VCC la ien ap ngo vao +5 volt .
Khi ien ap ung bang 5V th real-time cho phep truy cap ay u, co the oc va ghi d lieu.
Khi VCC thap hn 4.25 volts th qua trnh oc va ghi se b cam. Tuy nhien, hoat ong em
thi gian ben trong van c tiep tuc khong b anh hng bi ien ap b sut giam ben ngoai.
Khi VCC giam xuong thap hn 3V th bo nh RAM va hoat ong em thi gian c chuyen
sang s dung nguon nang lng ben trong.
Chc nang hoat ong em thi gian vi o chnh xac vao khoang 1 phut/thang nhiet o
25 C bat chap ien ap ngo vao chan Vcc.
0
MOT (Mode Select): Chan MOT la chan co chc nang la chon gia hai loai bus.
Khi c noi len VCC, bus nh thi Motorola c chon la.
Khi c noi xuong GND hoac bo trong th bus nh thi Intel c la chon.
Chan co ien tr keo xuong ben trong co gia tr vao khoang 20K.
SQW (Square Wave Output): Chan SQW co the xuat ra 1 tn hieu trong 13 loai tn hieu
c cung cap bi cac bo chia 15 cap ben trong cua Real Time Clock.
Tan so cua chan SQW co the thay oi bang cach lap trnh cho thanh ghi A nh a trnh bay
bang 7-10.
Tn hieu SQW co the m hoac tat s dung bit SQWE trong Register B. Tn hieu SQW khong
xuat hien khi Vcc thap hn 4.25 volts.
324
Vi x ly
SPKT
Bang 7-10. Cac thong so tn hieu ngo ra SQW.
AS (Address Strobe Input): ngo vao nhan xung chot a ch. Sn xuong cua AS/ALE lam
cho a ch b chot lai ben trong cua DS12C887. Sn len tiep theo khi xuat hien tren bus AS se
xoa a ch bat chap chan CS co c chon hay khong.
DS (Data Strobe or Read Input): Chan DS/RD co 2 kieu s dung tuy thuoc vao mc cua
chan MOT.
Khi chan MOT c ket noi len Vcc, bus nh thi Motorola c la chon. Trong kieu nay
DS la xung dng trong khoang thi gian con lai cua chu ky bus va c goi la Data Strobe. Trong
cac chu ky oc, tn hieu DS xac nh thi gian DS12C887 xuat d lieu. Trong cac chu ky ghi, xung
DS se ieu khien DS12C887 chot d lieu e ghi vao ben trong.
Khi chan MOT c noi xuong GND, bus nh thi Intel c la chon. Trong kieu nay, chan
DS c goi la Read( RD ). RD xac nh chu ky khi DS12C887 ieu khien bus oc d lieu. Tn
hieu RD cung co the xem la tn hieu Output Enable ( OE ) thng thay trong cac bo nh.
R / W (Read/Write Input): Chan R / W cung co 2 cach hoat ong.
Khi chan MOT c ket noi len Vcc cho che o nh thi Motorola, th mc ien ap cua
chan R / W dung e xac nh chu ky hien tai la chu ky oc hoac ghi.
Chu ky oc oi hoi chan R / W phai mc cao khi chan DS mc cao.
Chu ky ghi oi hoi chan R / W phai mc thap trong suot qua trnh chot tn hieu cua DS.
Khi chan MOT c noi GND cho che o nh thi Intel, tn hieu R / W la tn hieu hoat ong
tch cc mc thap con c goi la WR . Trong che o nay, chan R / W c nh ngha nh tn hieu
Write Enable ( WR ) nhng trong cac bo nh RAM.
CS (Chip Select Input): Tn hieu chon la tch cc mc thap e cho phep truy xuat
DS12C887. CS phai trang thai tch cc trong khoang thi gian DS va AS cua che o nh thi
Motorola va trong suot RD va WR cua che o nh thi Intel. Cac chu ky Bus xay ra ma CS
khong trang thai tch cc th khong c phep truy xuat.
Khi ien ap nguon cung cap Vcc thap hn 4.25 volts th DS12C887 se khong cho phep truy
xuat d lieu bang cach khong cho phep ieu khien chan CS nham bao ve d lieu cua ong ho thi
gian thc ben trong cung nh d lieu RAM trong suot qua trnh nguon khong ung hay mat nguon.
Vi x ly
325
SPKT
IRQ (Interrupt Request Output): Chan IRQ la ngo ra tch cc mc thap cua DS12C887
dung e bao ngat ti bo x ly. Ngo ra IRQ mc thap khi bit trang thai sinh ra ngat xuat hien
cung vi bit cho phep ngat tng ng mc 1. e xoa chan IRQ th vi x ly phai tien hanh oc
thanh ghi C hoac tac ong en RESET .
Khi khong sinh ra ngat th IRQ trang thai tong tr cao xem nh h mach. Nhieu thiet b
ngat co the noi ti mot IRQ bus. Tn hieu IRQ vi ngo ra cc thu e h nen phai dung 1 ien tr
keo len ben ngoai.
RESET (Reset Input): Chan RESET khong anh hng en ong ho, lch, hoac la RAM.
che o cap nguon, chan RESET co the b keo xuong trong thi gian cho phep e on nh nguon
cung cap. Thi gian ma chan RESET b keo xuong mc thap phu thuoc vao ng dung. Tuy nhien
neu chan RESET c s dung che o cap nguon, thi gian RESET mc thap co the vt qua
200ms e chac chan bo nh thi ben trong DS12C887 che o power-up a het. Khi RESET
mc thap va nguon cung cap VCC tren 4.25 volts, nhng ieu sau dien ra:
a.
Bit cho phep ngat nh ky ((Periodic Interrupt Enable (PEI)) c at mc 0.
b.
Bit cho phep ngat chuong (Alarm Interrupt Enable (AIE)) c at mc 0.
c.
Bit c cho phep ngat ket thuc cap nhat ((Update Ended Interrupt Flag (UF)) c
xoa ve 0 zero.
d.
Bit c trang thai yeu cau ngat (Interrupt Request Status Flag (IRQF)) c at mc
0.
e.
Bit c cho phep ngat nh ky (Periodic Interrupt Flag (PF)) c at mc 0.
f.
Thiet b khong s dung c cho ti khi chan RESET tr lai mc logic 1.
g.
Bit c cho phep ngat chuong (Alarm Interrupt Flag (AF)) c at mc 0.
h.
Chan IRQ trong trang thai tong tr cao.
i.
Bit cho phep xuat song vuong (Square Wave Output Enable (SQWE)) c at mc 0.
j.
Bit cho phep ngat ket thuc cap nhat (Update Ended Interrupt Enable (UIE)) b xoa
ve mc 0.
Trong cac ng dung thong thng chan RESET co the c noi len VCC. Ket noi nh vay se
cho phep DS12C887 hoat ong va khi mat nguon se khong lam anh hng en bat ky thanh ghi
ieu khien nao.
4. HOAT ONG CUA REAL-TIME CLOCK KHI CAP NGUON HOAC KHI MAT IEN:
Chc nang cua ong ho thi gian thc se tiep tuc hoat ong va tat ca RAM, thi gian, lch va
thi gian bao gi va nhng vung nh se khong mat d lieu bat chap ien ap ngo vao VCC.
Khi ien ap VCC c cung cap cho DS12C887 va at ti ien ap ln hn 4.25 volts, thiet b
co the s dung c sau 200 ms, dao ong c cung cap, no cho phep bo dao ong hoat ong va
qua trnh dao ong khong anh hng bi chan RESET . Tiep theo he thong a i vao on nh sau
khi nguon c cung cap.
Khi VCC rt xuong di 4.25 volts, ngo vao la chon CS b bat buoc chuyen sang trang thai
khong hoat ong bat chap gia tr tai ngo vao chan CS - khi o DS12C887 c hoat ong che o
chong ghi. Khi DS12C887 ang trang thai chong ghi, moi ngo vao eu b bo qua con cac ngo ra
eu trang thai tong tr cao.
326
Vi x ly
SPKT
Khi VCC rt xuong ien ap khoang 3 volts, ien ap VCC cung cap ben ngoai c cat i va
nguon pin lithinium ben trong DS12C887 se cung cap nguon cho Real Time Clock va bo nh
RAM.
Ban o a ch cua DS12C887 c trnh bay hnh 7-41.
Hnh 7-41. To chc bo nh ben trong cua Real-time DS12C887.
Ban o a ch bao gom 114 bytes RAM thong dung, 14 bytes RAM bao gom ong ho thi
gian thc, lch, d lieu bao gi va 4 thanh ghi c s dung cho viec ieu khien va thong bao tnh
trang. Tat ca 128 bytes co the c ghi hoac oc trc tiep tr nhng trng hp sau:
Thanh ghi C and D la hai thanh ghi ch oc.
Bit th 7 cua thanh ghi A la bit ch oc.
Bit cao cua byte th 2 la bit ch oc.
Cac thong so ve thi gian va lch co c bang cach oc cac bytes tng ng. Thi gian, lch
va bao gi c cai at hoac khi tao bang cach ghi gia tr bytes RAM thch hp.
Noi dung cua 10 byte cha thi gian, lch va bao gi eu co the nh dang 1 trong 2 dang nh
phan (Binary) hoac BCD (Binary Coded Decimal).
Trc khi ghi cac d lieu vao cac o nh thi gian, lch, va cac thanh ghi bao gi ben trong th
bit SET thanh ghi B phai c thiet lap mc logic 1 e ngan chan viec cap nhat co the xay ra
trong qua trnh truy xuat.
Ngoai ra e ghi len 10 thanh ghi ch thi gian, lch, va thanh ghi bao gi mot nh dang a
la chon (BCD hay nh phan) th bit chon kieu d lieu (Data mode DM) cua thanh ghi B phai
c at mc logic thch hp.
Tat ca 10 bytes thi gian, lch va bao gi phai s dung cung kieu d lieu. Phai xoa bit SET
trong thanh ghi B sau khi thc hien xong viec cap nhat thi gian cho ong ho, lch va hen gi.
Vi x ly
327
SPKT
Moi lan khi ong, ong ho thi gian thc cap nhat tat ca cac thay oi mot kieu a la
chon. D lieu se khong the thay oi neu khong khi ong lai 10 bytes d lieu.
Bang 7-11 trnh bay nh dang nh phan va BCD cua ca thi gian , lch, va bao gi.
a ch
Chc nang
Gia tr
Day la chon
thap phan
Nh phan
BCD
Giay
0-59
00-3B
00-59
Giay hen
0-59
00-3B
00-59
Phut
0-59
00-3B
00-59
Phut hen
0-59
00-3B
00-59
Gi: mode 12 gi
1-12
01-0C AM, 81-8C PM
01-12 AM, 81-92 PM
Gi: mode 24 gi
0-23
00-17
00-23
Gi hen: 12 gi
1-12
01-0C AM, 81-8C PM
01-12 AM, 81-92 PM
Gi hen: 24 gi
0-23
00-17
00-23
Ngay cua tuan, chu nhat = 1
1-7
01-07
01-07
Ngay cua thang
1-31
01-1F
01-31
Thang
1-12
01-0C
01-12
Nam
0-99
00-63
00-99
Bang 7-11. Cac nh dang cua cac thong so thi gian.
Bit la chon kieu 24/12 khong the thay oi neu khong khi ong lai thanh ghi gi. Khi nh
dang 12 gi c la chon, bit cao cua byte gi xac nh PM khi no c at mc logic 1. Moi
giay mot lan, 11 byte c cap nhat va kiem tra tnh trang bao gi.
Neu lenh oc d lieu thi gian va lch dien ra trong qua trnh cap nhat, mot van e phat sinh
la gi, phut, giay, co the khong chnh xac. Xac xuat oc khong chnh xac d lieu thi gian va
lch la rat thap. Co vai phng phap tranh sai so co the xay ra khi oc thi gian va lch c e
cap sau.
3 byte bao gi co the s dung bang 2 cach:
Cach th nhat: khi thi gian bao gi c ghi vao cac thanh ghi gi, phut, giay, tac ong bao
gi c bat au tai thi gian chnh xac trong ngay khi bit cho phep bao chuong c at mc
cao.
Cach th hai: s dung e at trang thai bat chap vao mot hoac nhieu byte bao chuong. Ma
bat chap la bat ky ma so hex nao nam trong gia tr t C0 en FF. Hai bit MSB cua nhng byte tren
at vao trang thai bat chap khi mc logic 1. Bao gi se c sinh ra moi gi khi bit bat chap
c at vao byte gi. Tng t, bao gi se sinh ra moi phut neu ma bat chap co cac byte gi va
cac byte phut. Neu ma bat chap co trong ca 3 byte bao gi th no se tao ra tn hieu ngat moi
giay.
5. HOAT ONG CUA CAC THANH GHI IEU KHIEN:
DS12C887 co 4 thanh ghi ieu khien c s dung moi luc ke ca trong qua trnh cap nhat.
Thanh ghi A
MSB
328
LSB
Vi x ly

BIT 7
UIP
BIT 6
DV2
SPKT
BIT 5
DV1
BIT 4
DV0
BIT 3
RS3
BIT 2
RS2
BIT 1
RS1
BIT 0
RS0
UIP - Update In Progress (UIP) la bit c trang thai co the theo doi c.
Khi bit UIP mc 1 th cho phep qua trnh cap nhat xay ra ngay sau o.
Khi bit UIP mc 0, qua trnh cap nhat se khong xay ra sau khoang thi gian t nhat la 244
s. Nhng thong tin ve thi gian, lch, va bao gi trong RAM co hieu lc cho viec truy cap khi bit
UIP mc 0.
Bit UIP la bit ch oc va khong b anh hng cua chan RESET . Khi ghi bit SET thanh ghi B
len 1 se ngan chan moi qua trnh cap nhat va xoa cua bit trang thai UIP.
DV2, DV1, DV0 3 bit nay c s dung e m hoac tat bo dao ong va cai at lai qua trnh
em xuong. Khi [DV2DV1 DV0] = [010] co chc nang duy nhat la bat bo dao ong len va cho
phep RTC em thi gian. Khi [DV2DV1 DV0] = [11] se cho phep dao ong nhng gi qua trnh
em xuong mc reset. Qua trnh cap nhat tiep theo se dien ra sau 500ms khi kieu 010 c ghi
vao DV0, DV1 va DV2.
RS3, RS2, RS1, RS0 - 4 bit la chon toc o dung e chon mot trong 13 loai cua bo chia 15
trang thai hoac khong cho phep xuat tn hieu chia ra ngoai. Loai c la chon co the dung e
phat ra song vuong (chan SQW) va/hoac ngat theo chu ky. Ngi s dung co the s dung 1 trong
nhng cach sau :
Cho phep ngat vi bit PIE
Cho phep xuat ngo ra chan SQW vi bit SQWE
Cho phep ca hai hoat ong cung mot luc va cung mot loai.
Khong kch hoat ca 2
Bang 7-10 liet ke chu ky ngat va tan so song vuong ma co the chon la vi bit RS. Ca 4 bit
oc/ ghi eu khong b anh hng bi chan RESET.
Thanh ghi B
MSB
BIT 7
SET
BIT 6
PIE
BIT 5
AIE
BIT 4
UIE
BIT 3
SQWE
BIT 2
DM
BIT 1
24/12
LSB
BIT 0
DSE
SET Khi bit SET mc 0, thong thng qua trnh cap nhat bang cach tang gia tr em 1 lan
1 giay. Khi bit SET c ghi vao mc 1, moi qua trnh cap nhat eu b cam. Cac chu ky oc co the
thc thi cung mot kieu. Bit SET la bit oc/ghi va khong chu anh hng cua reset hoac cac chc
nang ben trong cua DS12C887.
PIE Periodic Interrupt Enable: Bit cho phep ngat theo chu ky la bit oc/ghi, bit nay cho
phep bit c ngat theo chu ky (PF) trong thanh ghi C e ieu khien chan IRQ xuong mc thap.
Khi bit PIE c at len mc 1, chu ky ngat c tao ra bang cach ieu khien chan IRQ
xuong mc thap tuy thuoc vao t le phan bo cua bit RS3 RS0 thanh ghi A.
Khi bit PIE = 0 se ngan chan tn hieu ngo ra IRQ khoi viec ieu khien bang ngat theo chu ky
nhng bit c chu ky PF van thiet lap toc o cho chu ky.
Vi x ly
329
SPKT
Bit PIE khong chu anh hng cac hoat ong ben trong cua DS12C887 nhng b xoa ve 0 khi
real-time b reset.
AIE Alarm Interrupt Enable: Bit cho phep ngat bao gi la bit cho phep oc/ghi, khi bit
AIE bang 1 se cho phep bit c bao gi (AF) thanh ghi C tao tn hieu ngat IRQ .
Tn hieu ngat bao gi xay ra tat ca cac giay khi ca 3 bytes bao gi cha ma bao gi dont
care c the hien byte nh phan nh sau 11XXXXXX.
Cac chc nang ben trong cua DS12C887 khong b anh hng bi bit AIE.
UIE Update Ended Interrupt Enable: Bit cho phep ket thuc qua trnh ngat cap nhat la bit
oc/ghi, bit nay cho phep c ket thuc cap nhat UF thanh ghi C kch ngat IRQ . Khi real-time b
reset hoac chan SET mc 1 se xoa bit UIE.
SQWE Square Wave Enable: Khi bit SQWE c at len mc 1, mot tn hieu song vuong
co tan so c la chon bi cac bit RS3 en RS0 se xuat ra chan SQW. Khi bit SQWE c at
mc thap, chan SQW se c gi mc thap. SQWE la bit oc/ghi va c xoa khi real-time b
RESET.
DM Data Mode: Bit kieu d lieu DM quy nh khi nao th thong tin lch va thi gian nh
dang nh phan hoac BCD. Bit DM c at bi chng trnh e co nh dang thch hp va co the
oc khi c yeu cau. Bit nay khong b thay oi bi cac hoat ong ben trong cua real-time hoac
khi b reset. Mc 1 cua DM se nh dang d lieu nh phan con mc 0 se nh dang d lieu BCD.
24/12 Bit ieu khien 24/12 xac nh kieu cho cac byte gi. Khi mc 1 th no ch th che o
hien th 24 gi, con mc 0 th ch th che o hien th 12 gi. Bit nay la bit oc ghi va khong b
anh hng bi hoat ong ben trong cua real-time cung nh khi real-time b reset.
DSE Daylight Savings Enable: Bit cho phep nh cong khai DSE la bit oc\ghi.
Bit nay cho phep 2 cap nhat ac biet khi DSE c at len 1.
Vao Chu Nhat au tien cua thang 4, khi thi gian tang en gia tr 1:59:59 AM th se oi
thanh 3:00:00 AM.
Vao Chu Nhat cuoi cung cua thang 10, khi thi gian lan au tien at en 1:59:59 AM th no
se oi thanh 1:00:00 AM.
Chc nang ac biet nay se khong c thc thi neu bit DSE mc 0. Bit nay khong b anh
hng bi cac hoat ong ben trong cua real-time cung nh khi b reset.
Thanh ghi C
MSB
BIT 7
IRQF
BIT 6
PF
BIT 5
AF
BIT 4
UF
BIT 3
0
BIT 2
0
BIT 1
0
LSB
BIT 0
0
IRQF Interrupt Request Flag: Bit c yeu cau ngat c at len 1 khi thoa mot trong nhng
ieu di ay:
PF = PIE = 1
AF = AIE = 1
UF = UIE = 1
ieu o co ngha la IRQF = (PF . PIE) + (AF . AIE) + (UF . UIE)

330
Vi x ly
SPKT
Bat c luc nao bit IRQF c at len 1, chan IRQ c keo ve mc thap. Tat ca cac c b
xoa sau khi thanh ghi C c oc bi chng trnh hoac khi real-time b reset.
PF Periodic Interrupt Flag: Bit c ngat theo chu ky la bit ch oc, neu bit nay c at len
mc 1 khi co 1 canh xung c phat hien tn hieu la chon cua bo chia. Cac bit RS3 en RS0
thiet lap toc o cho chu ky. C PF c at len 1 khong phu thuoc vao trang thai cua bit PIE.
Khi ca PF va PIE eu mc 1, tn hieu IRQ se chuyen sang trang thai tch cc va se at bit
IRQF len mc 1. Bit PF se b xoa bi reset real-time hoac bi lenh oc thanh ghi C.
AF Alarm Interrupt Flag: neu AF = 1 se xac nh thi gian hien tai trung vi thi gian hen
gi. Neu bit AIE cung mc 1, chan IRQ se xuong mc thap va bit IRQF se bang 1. Bit AF se b
xoa bi reset real-time hoac bi lenh oc thanh ghi C.
UF Update Ended Interrupt Flag: Bit c ngat ket thuc cap nhat c set sau moi chu ky cap
nhat. Khi bit UIE c set len 1, mc 1 UF se lam cho bit IRQF len mc 1 se kch IRQ bao ngat.
Bit UF se b xoa bi reset real-time hoac bi lenh oc thanh ghi C.
T bit 3 en bit 0- ay la nhng bit khong s dung cua thanh ghi trang thai C. Nhng bit nay
luon luon mc 0 va khong the ghi.
Thanh ghi D
MSB
BIT 7
VRT
BIT 6
0
BIT 5
0
BIT 4
0
BIT 3
0
BIT 2
0
BIT 1
0
LSB
BIT 0
0
VRT Valid RAM and Time: Bit thi gian va RAM co hieu lc cho biet tnh trang cua pin
c ket noi chan VBAT. Bit nay khong cho phep ghi c va khi oc luon co gia tr bang 1. Neu
khi oc bit nay mc 0 th se cho biet nguon nang lng lithium ben trong a can va ca hai thong
so thi gian thc va d lieu RAM eu co the sai. Bit nay khong chu anh hng bi chan RESET.
BIT 6 EN BIT 0 Nhng bit c e cap tren cua thanh ghi D khong c s dung.
Chung khong ghi c va khi oc th luon co gia tr bang 0.
6. MACH GIAO TIEP VI IEU KHIEN VI REAL-TIME:
Mach giao tiep vi ieu khien vi real-time DS12C887 nh hnh 7-42. Trong s o nay vi ieu
khien ch giao tiep vi 1 real-time vi muc ch trnh bay cach giao tiep ch trong thc te th vi
ieu khien phai giao tiep vi nhieu thanh phan khac th he thong mi hoat ong v du giao tiep
them led 7 oan hoac LCD mi hien th c cac thong so thi gian.
Vi x ly
331
SPKT
Hnh 7-42. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi Real-time.
Trong mach ien hnh 7-42, vi ieu khien giao tiep vi real-time theo kieu bo nh d lieu, vi
ieu khien co 4 lenh giao tiep vi bo nh d lieu m rong ben ngoai:
Lenh oc d lieu:
movx a,@dptr
(1)
Lenh xuat d lieu:
movx @dptr,a
(2)
Lenh oc d lieu:
movx a,@Ri
(3)
Lenh xuat d lieu:
movx @Ri,a
(4)
Hai lenh (1) va (2) thng c s dung khi dung lng bo nh m rong ln hn 256 byte,
port 2 dung e tai a ch byte cao. Hai lenh (3) va (4) c s dung khi dung lng bo nh nho
hn hay bang 256 byte, port 2 khong dung co the ieu khien cac thiet b khac. Vay trong trng
hp nay nen dung 2 lenh (3) va (4).
7. CHNG TRNH KHI TAO REAL-TIME:
Mach giao tiep vi ieu khien vi real-time DS12C887 nh hnh 7-42. Neu real-time cha s
dung lan nao th phai chay chng trnh khi tao e thiet lap ngay gi hien tai cho real-time va ch
chay 1 lan. Trong chng trnh ben di cac thong so giayhientai, phuthientai va giohientai
la cac thong so thi gian hien tai khi khi ong.
Chng trnh khi tao cho real-time:
332
org
mov
mov
movx
0000h
r0,#0bh
a,#0
@r0,a
;dia chi cua thanh ghi B

;du lieu nap vao thanh ghi B
;cho phep chinh cai dat gio
mov
mov
movx
a,#giayhientai
r0,#0
@r0,a
;dia chi cua o nho giay

;nap giay hien tai
Vi x ly
SPKT
mov
mov
movx
a,#phuthientai
r0,#02
;dia chi cua o nho phut
@r0,a
;nap phut hien tai
mov
mov
movx
a,#giohientai
r0,#04
@r0,a
mov
mov
movx
lcall
r0,#0ah
a,#020h
@r0,a
delay50
;dia chi cua o nho gio

;nap gio hien tai
;dia chi cua thanh ghi A
;tu dieu khien cua thanh ghi A
;cho phep bo dao dong chay
sjmp
$
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
delay50:
del12:
del11:
mov
7eh,#0fh
mov
7dh,#0ffh
djnz
7dh,del11
djnz
7eh,del12
ret
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
end
Chng trnh v du la chng trnh ong ho so dung vi ieu khien, realtime va LCD: trong
chng trnh nay vi ieu khien ket noi vi realtime s dung port2 va 3 bit ieu khien cua port1.
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
;chuong trinh dieu khien LCD hien thi chuoi thong tin
;dinh nghia cac bien
E
rw
rs
byteout
dklcd
BIT
BIT
BIT
equ
equ
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
p2
70h
bdn
giay
phut
gio
equ
equ
equ
equ
r6
r5
r4
r3
org
mov
0000h
sp,#68h
lcall
lcall
lcall
khoitao_rt
khoitao_lcd
xoavnh_hthi
;goi chtr con khoi tao real time

;goi chtr khoi tao LCD
;xoa vung nho hien thi
main1:
lcall
lcall
lcall
sjmp
doc_gpg
bcd_maascii
hienthichung
main1
;doc thong so gio-phut-giay tu real time

;chuyen so bcd sang ma ASCII
;goi ra LCD de hien thi
;tiep tuc
;chtr con doc gio phut giay
doc_gpg:
mov
r0,#00
movx a,@r0
mov
giay,a
Vi x ly
333

mov
movx
mov
mov
movx
mov
ret
SPKT
r0,#02
a,@r0
phut,a
r0,#04
a,@r0
gio,a
;chtr con chuyen so bcd sang ma ASCII
bcd_maascii: mov
a,giay
anl
a,#0fh
add
a,#30h
mov
4fh,a
mov
anl
swap
add
mov
a,giay
a,#0f0h
a
a,#30h
4eh,a
mov
anl
add
mov
a,phut
a,#0fh
a,#30h
4ch,a
mov
anl
swap
add
mov
a,phut
a,#0f0h
a
a,#30h
4bh,a
mov
anl
add
mov
a,gio
a,#0fh
a,#30h
49h,a
mov
anl
swap
add
mov
ret
a,gio
a,#0f0h
a
a,#30h
48h,a
;Chuong trinh con hien thi noi dung tren LCD cua2 vung nho
;40H->4Fh hang 1
;50H-> 5Fh hang 2;
hienthichung: mov
A,#080h
;set DDRAM
lcall
ktao
fline:
sline:
334
mov
mov
lcall
djnz
r1,#16
r0,#40h
Write
r1,fline
mov
lcall
mov
lcall
a,#0c0h
ktao
r1,#16
Write
;bat dau tu 0
;set DDRAM
Vi x ly
SPKT
djnz
r1,sline
ret
;chtr con goi data hien thi ra LCD
write:
mov
a,@r0
write1:
mov
byteout,a
lcall
data_byte
inc
r0
ret
;chuong trinh dieu khien LCD 16X2 tren kit vi dieu khien LOAI NHO
khoitao_lcd:
mov
dklcd,#0
lcall
khtaolcd
;khoi tao lcd
ret
khtaolcd:
setb
e
;Enable
clr
rs
;RS low
clr
rw
;RW low
mov
lcall
lcall
a,#38h
ktao
ddelay41
;tu dieu khien LCD
mov
lcall
lcall
A,#38h
ktao
ddelay100
mov
lcall
A,#38h
ktao
;function
mov
lcall
mov
lcall
A,#0ch
ktao
A,#01h
ktao
;tu dieu khien display on
mov
lcall
A,#06h
ktao
;tu dieu khien entry mode set
mov
lcall
ret
A,#80h
ktao
;thiet lap dia chi LCD (set DD RAM)
;delay 4.1 mSec

;function set
;delay
;tu dieu khien Clear display
;chuong trinh con khoi tao LCD
ktao:
mov
byteout,a
lcall
command_byte
ret
;Feed command/data to the LCD module
command_byte:
clr
rs
;RS low for a command byte
ljmp
bdelay
Vi x ly
335

data_byte:
bdelay:
SPKT
setb
clr
clr
nop
rs
rw
e
;RS high for a data byte

;R/W low for a write mode
setb
nop
nop
;Enable pulse
mov
byteout,#0ffh
setb
clr
clr
rw
rs
e
nop
nop
setb
lcall
ret
;configure port1 to input mode

;set RW to read
;set RS to command
;generate enable pulse
e
ddelay100
;chuong trinh con delay 4.1 ms
ddelay41:
mov
7eh,#90h
del412:
mov
7fh,#200
djnz
7fh,$
djnz
7eh,del412
ret
;chuong trinh con delay 255 microgiay
ddelay100:
mov
7fh,#00
djnz
7fh,$
ret
delay1giay:
xx2:
xx1:
mov
mov
mov
djnz
djnz
djnz
ret
7ah,#20
7bh,#0
7ch,#0
7ch,$
7bh,xx1
7ah,xx2
;chuong trinh con khoi tao real time
khoitao_rt:
336
mov
mov
movx
r0,#0bh
a,#0
@r0,a
;cho phep chinh cai dat gio
mov
movx
r0,#0
@r0,a
;giay = 0
mov
movx
r0,#02
@r0,a
;phut = 0
mov
movx
r0,#04
@r0,a
;gio = 0
Vi x ly
SPKT
mov
r0,#0ah
mov
a,#020h
movx @r0,a
;cho phep bo dao dong chay
lcall
delay1giay
ret
;chuong trinh con xoa vung nho hien thi
;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xoavnh_hthi:
mov
r0,#40h
mov
a,#' '
xoac:
mov
@r0,a
inc
r0
cjne
r0,#60h,xoac
ret
end
Bai tap 14: Hay hieu chnh lai chng trnh e co ay u cac thong so th, ngay, thang, nam
hien th tren LCD.
VIII. TOM TAT:

Trong chng nay trnh bay giao tiep vi ieu khien vi cac thiet b ngoai vi c ban thng
c dung trong cac he thong ieu khien thc te.
Mot he thong ieu khien tuy thuoc vao mc o phc tap ma mach giao tiep vi nhieu thiet
b khac nhau, chng nay trnh bay tng phan ri rac, tac gia hy vong rang sau khi hieu c
tng phan ngi hoc hay ngi oc co the thiet ke cac he thong giao tiep theo yeu cau.
return
Vi x ly
337
'#$(#)**!+( !+, #-)"!+( &$-,.)#

'# +,!"
)00 +, #+),!$+)0 /!,!$+&
2
4
3
)#/.)# 1
)#/.)#
!"#$%#$" &&$# )+/ +, #-)"!+( '#$(#)**!+( )+/

!00 +, #+),!$+)0 /!,!$+&
" #).
5$ + -- +6 "7
!+, #-)"!+(1 '# +,!"
!"#$%#$" &&$#
)+/ %%0!"),!$+&1
9 -)*!0: ; 3 &!(+!+( %#$(#)**!+( )+/
)00 < =
>
5)* &
+,$+)7$&
9
!"#$%#$" &&$#; )#/.)# )+/
&$-,.)# %#!+"!%0 & )+/ )%%0!"),!$+&1 '# +,!"
)00 -!-, /!,!$+ 2 >
5)"7
3)@! &
++$@),!@
A 9
!"#$%#$" &&$# )#" !, ",B# 1 '# +,!"
)00
5)"7
3)@! &
!"#$"$+,#$00 # D)*!0:
9 442
$H #B+(
D)*!0: E'
,) !+7 E$#%$#),!$+ E )+/0 #

)+B)01 <<9
E ?
<
& #G&
:I
! JKL :M
2 9
B& # *)+B)01 ... F!0$( "$*

#!F$+)
& #G&
? E#$&&
)+B)01
)N AB)O, 6)L+ P)Q!
:I
B)T,
)V+
:I
B)T, @! AKL 0:M
!+
; ,
&& *60 #
<<>
)+B)01
($S 3! S+ )T%
O
$0B*
)N AB)O, 6)L+
$Q" RB$O"
U
!) %
2
)N AB)O, 6)L+ (!)M$ /BQ"
4
<<=
& #G&

Giao Trinh Vi Xu Ly 1 - Nguyen Dinh Phu PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Giao Trinh Vi Xu Ly 1 - Nguyen Dinh Phu PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

!

GII THIEU LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA CAC HE VI X LY

GII THIEU LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA CAC VI X LY

CAC KHAI NIEM C BAN VE CAU TRUC CUA VI X LY

CHIEU DAI T D LIEU.

Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.

SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

LIET KE CAC HNH

1-1. Cau truc cua mot may vi tnh.

LIET KE CAC BANG

1-1. Tan so lam viec cua mot so vi x ly.

Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.

SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

GII THIEU LCH S PHAT THEN CUA CAC HE VI X LY:

GII THIEU LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA CAC HE VI X LY:

Thang 6 nam 1978, Intel san xuat vi x ly 16 bit co ma so la 8086: co 20 ng

Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.

SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

Thang 2 nam 1982, Intel cho ra i vi x ly 80286 cung la vi x ly 16 bit va chu

Thang 10 nam 1985, Intel cho ra i vi x ly 80386 chnh la vi x ly 32bit, co

Thang 3 nam 1993, Intel cho ra i vi x ly Pentium la vi x ly 64 bit co n v

Thang 3 nam 1997, Intel cho ra i vi x ly Pentium II - Pentium Pro + MMX.

Nam 2000, Intel cho ra i vi x ly Pentium IV.

CHC NANG CUA VI X LY:

Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.

SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

MAY VI TNH (MICROCOMPUTER):

Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.

SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

CAC KHAI NIEM C BAN VE CAU TRUC CUA VI X LY:

CHIEU DAI T D LIEU:

Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.

SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

KHA NANG TRUY XUAT BO NH:

Khai niem Bus a ch la tat ca cac ng a ch cua vi x ly dung e xac nh a ch

TOC O LAM VIEC CUA VI X LY:

Chieu dai t d lieu

Bang 1-1. Tan so lam viec cua mot so vi x ly.

CAC THANH GHI CUA VI X LY:

Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.

SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

CAC LENH CUA VI X LY:

CAC KIEU TRUY XUAT BO NH:

Implied - hieu ngam.

Bang 1-2. Cac kieu truy xuat bo nh cua cac vi x ly.

O nh Bit la mot n v nh nho nhat, o nh bit la o nh ch co the lu c d lieu 1 bit

la so nh phan ch co 1 trong 2 gia tr 0 hay 1. O nh bit thng c tch hp trong cac vi x

Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.

SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

O nh Word la mot o nh co the cha c d lieu so nh phan 16 bit thng la s ket

hp cua 2 o nh byte ket noi song song.

Cac loai bo nh:

Cau truc bo nh:

Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.

SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

Hnh 1-2. To chc mang bo nh 44.

Hnh 1-3. Mach ho tr cho bo nh.

Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.

SPKT Nguyen nh Phu

Tn hieu CS (chip select): la tn hieu chon chip: neu CS = 1 th bo nh khong c chon

Hnh 1-4. Gian o thi gian oc ghi bo nh.

CAC MACH IEN GIAO TIEP NGOAI VI CUA VI X LY:

Chng 1. Gii thieu lch s phat trien cua vi x ly.