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GNS3 Documentation
v3.0 beta
Mt phn trong bi hng dn ny c trch ra t bi hng
dn tuyt vi v Dynagen ca Greg Anuzelli
Graphical Network Simulator
Mc lc
Mc lc........................................................................................................................................... 1
Gii thiu........................................................................................................................................ 2
Gii thiu v Dynamips.............................................................................................................. 2
Gii thiu v Dynagen................................................................................................................ 2
Ci t GNS3.................................................................................................................................. 3
IOS Images ..................................................................................................................................... 3
S dng ti nguyn......................................................................................................................... 4
Cu hnh Dynamips ........................................................................................................................ 5
Mt s v d v Terminal Command ......................................................................................... 7
Chy mt bi lab n gin............................................................................................................ 10
Ch thit k.......................................................................................................................... 10
Ch m phng ..................................................................................................................... 13
Lm vic vi Console................................................................................................................... 15
Tnh ton gi tr Idle-PC............................................................................................................... 18
S dng mt thit b Frame Relay................................................................................................ 22
Giao tip vi mng thc ............................................................................................................... 24
S dng thit b Ethernet Switch.................................................................................................. 28
S dng thit b Hub .................................................................................................................... 31
WIC Modules ............................................................................................................................... 31
Qu trnh hot ng Client/Server v Multi-server...................................................................... 32
Ti u ho s dng b nh........................................................................................................... 35
Bt gi tin ..................................................................................................................................... 36
Lu v np mt m hnh mng .................................................................................................... 39
Nhng ln/tnh nng khc ............................................................................................................ 42
Cc phn cng hin ti m phng c .................................................................................. 43
Cc cu hi thng gp ................................................................................................................ 46
Gii thiu
GNS3 l mt trnh gi lp mng c giao din ho (graphical network simulator) cho php bn
d dng thit k cc m hnh mng v sau chy gi lp trn chng. Ti thi im hin ti
GNS3 h tr cc IOS ca Router, ATM/Frame Relay/Ethernet switch v hub. Bn thm ch c
th m rng mng ca mnh bng cch kt ni n vo mng o ny.
lm c iu ny, GNS3 da trn Dynamips v mt phn ca Dynagen, n c pht
trin bng Python v thng thng qua PyQt v phn giao din ho th s dng th vin Qt, rt
ni ting v tnh hu dng ca n trong d n KDE. GNS3 cng s dng k thut SVG
(Scalable Vector Graphics) cung cp cc biu tng cht lng cao cho vic thit k m hnh
mng ca bn.
Gii thiu v
Dynamips
Dynamips l mt trnh m phng router Cisco c vit bi Christophe Fillot. N m phng cc
dng 1700, 2600, 3600, v 7200, v s dng cc IOS image chun. Theo li ca Chris :
Phn mm m phng loi ny c th c s dng cho :
c s dng nh mt cng c thc tp, vi phn mm s dng trong th gii thc.
N cho php mi ngi lm quen hn vi cc thit b ca Cisco, Cisco hin ang l cng
ty hng u trn th gii v k thut mng ;
Th nghim v lm quen vi cc c tnh ca Cisco IOS ;
Kim tra nhanh chng cc cu hnh trin khai sau ny trn cc router tht.
D nhin, phn mm m phng ny khng th thay th cc router tht, n ch n gin l mt
cng c b sung cho cc bi lab thc t ca cc nh qun tr mng Cisco hoc nhng ai mun
vt qua cc k thi CCNA/CCNP/CCIE.
Mc d Dynamips cung cp mt switch o n gin, n khng m phng Catalyst switch (mc
d n c th gi lp NM-16ESW)
Gii thiu v
Dynagen
Dynagen l mt giao tip da trn nn vn bn (text-base) dnh cho Dynamips, cung cp mt b
OOP API ring c s dng bi GNS3 tng tc vi Dynamips. GNS3 cng s dng tp tin
cu hnh tng-t-INI ca Dynagen v c tch hp trnh qun l CLI ca Dynagen cho php
ngi dng lit k cc thit b, tm ngng v np li cc cc th hin (ca cc thit b - ND), xc
nh v qun l cc gi tr idle-pc, bt cc gi tin,
Nu bn tnh c c bi hng dn ny trc khi tm hiu v GNS3, Dynamips hay Dynagen,
th y l cc lin kt dnh cho bn :
GNS3: http://www.gns3.net/
Dynamips: http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/index.php/Cisco_7200_Simulator
Dynamips Blog (where most of the action is): http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/blog/
Thnh ph H Ch Minh Thng 11 nm 2007
Ci t GNS3
GNS3 chy trn Windows, Linux v Mac OSX (cc nn khc cha c th nghim) v i hi
cc thnh phn sau y c ci t sn trong my nu bn mun s dng n t m ngun:
Qt >= 4.3, xem ti http://trolltech.com/developer/downloads/qt/index/
Python >= 2.4, xem ti on http://www.python.org/
Sip >= 4.5 nu bn mun bin dch PyQt, xem ti http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/sip/
PyQt >= 4.1, xem ti http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/pyqt
Chng ti tp hp tt c cc phn trn thnh mt b ci tt-c-trong-mt trn Windows (allin-one Windows installer pakage), bao gm Winpcap, Dynamips, v mt phin bn c
bin dch ca GNS3, gip bn khng cn phi ci Python, PyQt v Qt. N cng cung cp tnh
nng Explorer tch hp nn bn c th double-click ln tp tin network chy chng.
Ngi dng Windows nn ci t gi all-in-one Windows installer. N cung cp mi th bn
cn c th chy c GNS3 trn my c nhn hay my xa, ngoi tr mt IOS image (xem
phn k tip)
Ngi dng Linux cn download Dynamips v gii nn n vo mt ch thch hp. Ci t
nhng gi ph thuc ca GNS3 v sau chy GNS3. Ngi dng cng c th th phin bn
binary dnh cho Linux, gip khng cn phi ci Python, PyQt v Qt.
Ghi ch: Nu bn ang chy Dynamips trn mt h thng RedHat hay Fedora, hy xem qua
Dynamips FAQ item#2 nu bn gp li khi chy Dynamips.
Ti thi im hin ti, ngi dng Mac OS X phi t bin dch nhng gi ph thuc. Phin bn
binary s c c cho ra i trong nay mai.
IOS Images
Dynamips chy h iu hnh tht ca Cisco. Trch t Dynamips FAQ:
Bn c th cung cp Cisco IOS image ca router 7200 cho ti c khng?
Khng, ti khng c php phn phi cc IOS images. Bn phi t tm ly chng. iu
ny s khng thnh vn nu bn l mt khch hng ca Cisco.
S dng ti nguyn
Dynamips s dng mt lng kh ln RAM v CPU cho vic m phng. Nu bn d nh
chy mt IOS image i hi 256 MB RAM trn mt router 7200 tht, v bn phi dnh ra 256
MB RAM cho th hin ca router o ca bn, n s chim mt 256 MB RAM ca vng nh lm
vic. Dynamips cng mc nh chim 64 MB RAM trn mi th hin trn h thng Unix (16
MB trn h thng Windows) cache nhng din dch JIT. y l tng s RAM b chim; mc
nh lng RAM thc t b chim trn h thng s t hn. iu ny l bi v mc nh
Dynamips s dung nhng tp tin lm b nh o cho router. Trong th mc lm vic bn s
thy c nhng tp tin ram tm thi c kch thc bng vi kch thc RAM ca router gi lp.
H iu hnh ca bn s t ng cache trong RAM nhng phn ca tp tin mmap ang c s
dng. (Xem phn Ti u ho s dng b nh bit cch cu hnh cc tu chn nhm lm
gim vic s dng b nh).
Nu bn c nhiu RAM, v bn bit bn ang lm g, hy b nh du mc Use mmap trong
phn cu hnh IOS router nng cao. Bm chut phi vo mt thit b v chn Configure:
Cu hnh Dynamips
s dng Dynamips trong GNS3, bn phi cu hnh ng dn ti n v cng nn (base port).
Nhng thit lp ny s c s dng bi Hypervisor Manager v np tp tin .net. Truy xut
vo phn Preferences trong menu Edit:
Mt s v d v
Terminal Command
Trn Windows:
Ngi s dng TerraTerm SSH: C:\progra~1\TTERMPRO\ttssh.exe %h %p /W=%d /T=1
Ngi dng PuTTy: start C:\progra~1\PuTTy\putty.exe telnet %h %p
Ngi dng SecureCRT: start C:\progra~1\SecureCRT\SecureCRT.EXE /script
c:\progra~1\dynamips\securecrt.vbs /arg %d /T /telnet %h %p & sleep 1
Trn Linux:
Ngi dng Gnome: gnome-terminal t + name + e telnet + host + + str(port) +
> /dev/null 2>&1 &
Tu chn Use the hypervisor manager when importing c s dng khi np mt tp tin m
hnh (topology file) (.net) vo GNS3. Nu tu chn ny c chn v trong tp tin .net bn
nh ngha hypervisors chy trn localhost, sau GNS3 nhn thy rng nhng hypervisor
cn c khi ng bng Hypervisor Manager. Nu n khng c chn, nhng hypervisor
c ghi nhn l external hypervisor v phi c khi ng bng tay.
Ch thit k
Mc nh, GNS3 khi ng ch thit k. Trong ch ny bn c th to m hnh mng
bng cch ko th cc node t danh sch pha bn tay tri vo mn hnh pha bn tay phi.
K tip, thit lp ng dn n tp tin nh IOS bng cch chn menu Edit IOS images (hoc
bm CTRL + SHIFT + I). Sau thit lp ng dn cho tp tin nh IOS, chn nn (platform)
Thnh ph H Ch Minh Thng 11 nm 2007
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Nu bn mun s dng hypervisor bn ngoi (bn phi t khi ng), bn c th ghi nhn chng
trong tab Hypervisors (xem phn Qu trnh hot ng Client/Server v Multi-server c
thm thng tin).
Tt c nhng thng tin xc nh IOS v hypervisor c lu trong tp tin gns3.ini, v th bn ch
cn ghi nhn chng mt ln.
Lu : tp tin gns3.ini nm trong th mc %APPDATA% hoc %COMMON_APPDATA%
trn Windows v $HOME/.config/ hoc /etc/xdg/ hoc /etc/qt4/ trn Linux/Unix.
Mt khi tp tin nh IOS c ghi nhn, bn c th cu hnh cc node ca mnh (bm chut
phi vo mt node v chn Configure).
Bn c th p dng nhng thit lp ging nhau cho tt c cc router bng cch chn Routers
cy pha bn tri hoc cho mt router xc nh no bng cch chn tn ca n trn cy.
Thnh ph H Ch Minh Thng 11 nm 2007
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Trong phn cu hnh node, bn c th chn IOS s dng v cu hnh nhiu th khc nh
startup-config, kch thc RAM, cc khe cm, v.v
K tip, thm cc kt ni gia cc node (bm vo nt Add a link trn thanh menu, chn node
ngun v node ch). Bn s c nhc nh rng bn c th chn li kt ni (Ethernet, serial).
Nu bn GNS3 t ng gn module thch hp ph hp vi loi kt ni ca mnh trn slot ca
router ca bn v chn interface thch hp u tin kt ni.
Bn c th t chn interface kt ni cho lin kt ca mnh bng cch chn phng thc lm
bng tay t menu drop-down. Nhng hy ghi nh trong u rng sau bn cng phi cu hnh
bng tay cc slot trn router ca mnh.
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Ch m ph#ng
S mng ca bn c to. By gi chuyn sang ch m phng (bm vo nt
Emulation Mode trn thanh menu).
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Lm vic vi Console
Ghi ch: khung Console pha di ch s dng c khi bn ang ch m phng.
T mn hnh Console, s dng lnh help xem danh sch cc lnh hp l:
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Cc lnh tm ngng (suspend) v khi phc (resume) c c php tng t nh stop v start,
nhng chng tm dng mt router xc nh:
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i cho tt c cc interface c khi ng. Sau i mt cht chc chn rng router
khng cn boot na v ang ngh. Phin lm vic ca bn trng ging nh th ny:
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By gi, quay tr li mn hnh Console ca GNS3, v dng lnh idlepc get routername. Bn s
thy mt thng bo rng cc thng s ang c thu thp, v khong 10 n 20 giy sau bn s
thy mt danh sch cc gi tr idlepc tim nng:
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Chng ta kt ni cc cng serial trn cc router vo cc cng 1,2 v 3 trn mt Frame Relay
Switch tn F0.
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Frame Relay switch F0 c lit k, nhng bn khng th dng, khi ng, tm ngng hay khi
phc n ging nh lm vi cc router o.
ATM switch cng c th c cu hnh mt cch tng t.
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Port 1 trn switch (kt ni ti R1 e0/0) l mt access port trong VLAN 1. Port 2 cng l mt
access port. Port 4 l mt trunk port (c xc nh vi t kho dot1q) vi mt native VLAN 1.
Trunk port trunk tt c cc VLAN ti switch.
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WIC Modules
Dynamips 0.2.0-RC1 h tr thm cho nhiu WIC moudule. Hin ti, h tr WIC-1T v
WIC-2T trn cc nn1700, 2600, 2691 v 3700, v WIC-1ENET trn 1700. Xem phn Cc
phn cng hin ti m phng c c thm thng tin v cc model v s lng khe WIC
h tr cho mi nn.
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Ghi ch: hin ti GNS3 cha h tr WIC module cho router 1700, nhng tnh nng ny s c
tch hp trong phin bn trong tng lai.
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
localhost:10000
localhost:10001
localhost:10002
localhost:10003
localhost:10004
localhost:10005
localhost:10001
localhost:10000
localhost:10003
localhost:10002
localhost:10005
localhost:10004
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
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Ghi ch: hy chc chn rng tt c nhng host-based firewall ang chy trn tt c cc
Dynamips server (v d, firewall ca XP SP2) u cho php nhng traffic cn thit. N bao gm
Dynamips server port (mc nh l cng TCP 7200), console ports (vd: TCP 2000, 2001,) v
nhng cng s dng bi kt ni NIO gia cc interface, bt u t UDP 10000.
Bn cng c th chn hypervisor no m cc thit b non-IOS (switch v hub) s chy trn
khi cu hnh chng. V d, trn mt Ethernet switch bn c th chn hypervisor t danh sch.
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y chng ti chn cho switch chy trn hypervisor tn l saturn, cng lng nghe l 8000.
Ti u ho s dng b nh
Nh c m t trong phn S dng ti nguyn, bi lab ca bn c th tiu tn mt lng
ln b nh thc v o. Tu chn ghostios v sparsemem c thm vo gii quyt cc
vn trn.
Tu chn Ghostios c th lm gim mt cch ng k lng RAM trn my ch cn cho bi lab
vi nhiu router chy cng mt IOS image. Vi tnh nng ny, thay v mi router o cha mt
bn copy IOS ring trong RAM, th my ch s nh v mt vng b nh chung cho tt c. V
d, nu bn chy 10 router vi cng mt IOS image v tp tin nh c kch thc 60 MB th
bn tit kim c 9*60=540MB RAM thc khi chy bi lab. Bt tnh nng ny ch n gin
bng cch chn vo checkbox trong Dynamips preferences. Tu chn ny c bt mc nh v
c p dng cho tt c cc th hin ca router trong bi lab.
Thnh ph H Ch Minh Thng 11 nm 2007
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Bt gi tin
Dynamips/GNS3 c th bt gi tin trn interface Ethernet hay Serial o v ghi thng tin ra mt
tp tin capture s dng vi cc ng dng khc nh tcpdump, Wireshark, hay bt c ng dng
no c th c c nh dng tp tin ca libpcap.
Gi s c 3 router, r1 v r2 c ni vi nhau thng qua cp Ethernet, v r2 ni vi r3
thng qua kt ni serial point-to-point vi ng gi HDLC.
bt u bt cc traffic trn interface f0/0 ca r1 v ghi vo tp tin r1.cap, g dng sau y
vo ca s console:
capture r1 f0/0 r1.cap
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Vic bt gi tin vn tip tc ghi cc gi vo tp tin output. Nu chng ta ping r2 t r1, sau
bm vo biu tng reload this capture file s thy:
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ngng bt gi tin, g:
no capture r1 f0/0
Dynamips / GNS3 cng c th bt gi tin trn interface serial. Trong trng hp ny chng ta
phi xc nh loi ng gi m chng ta ang s dng trn router, Wireshark bit cch
decode packket. Chng ta c cc tu chn ng gi l FR (Frame-Relay), HDLC, hoc PPP.
capture cc traffic c ng gi HDLC trn lin kt gia r2 v r3, g:
capture r2 s1/0 r2.cap HDLC
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Lu v np mt m hnh mng
GNS3 c th lu v np m hnh mng ca bn thnh nh dng tp tin cu hnh ging-INI ca
Dynagen (phn m rng l .net). iu ny c ngha l bn c th s dng cc tp tin ging nhau
cho c GNS3 v Dynagen. Bi v GNS s dng Dynagen nn c 2 gii hn lin quan n vic
s dng tp tin .net trong GNS3:
np s mng, bn phi cu hnh ng dn Dynamips trong hp thoi preferences.
lu s mng ca mnh, bn phi ang trong ch m phng.
Ghi ch: Trong phin tng lai ca GNS3 c kh nng lu s ca bn trong ch thit k.
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Cc cu hi thng gp
Lm sao ti xc nh c gi tr idle pc t GNS3?
Xem phn Tnh Idle-PC trong bi hng dn ny.
Khi ti c gng chy nhiu hn 4 router (vi 256 MB dnh cho mi ci) (hoc 6 router vi
160 MB dnh cho mi ci) trn Windows, hoc hn 7 router vi 256 MB dnh cho mi ci
(hoc 11 router vi 160MB dnh cho mi ci) trn mi trng Linux 32-bit th Dynamips
b li.
Vn ny s khng xy ra nu bn s dng Hypervisor Manager (mc nh) vi thit lp ng.
Hypervisor c thit k cn bng ti cc th hin ca IOS trn nhiu tin trnh ca
Dynamips, nhng nu bn s dng nhiu hypervisor trn my ch xa, vn ny l do gii
hn b nh dnh cho 1 tin trnh.
Theo mc nh, hn ch v b nh cho mt tin trnh trn Windows l 2GB (bao gm c b nh
s dng cho b nh RAM ca router o, cywin, cc th vin, v khng gian linh tinh) m
bn s dng. Linux 32-bit mc nh c gii hn v b nh cho 1 tin trnh l 3 GB.
Gii php l chy nhiu th hin ca Dynamips trn cng mt h thng v lng nghe trn cc
cng khc nhau, v d:
Trn Windows:
start /belownormal /min Dynamips dynamips.exe H 7200
start /belownormail /min Dynamips dynamips.exe H 7201
Trn Linux:
nice dynamips H 7200 &
nice dynamips H 7201 &
V sau ghi li chnh xc nhng hypervisor vo GNS3 (xem phn Qu trnh hot ng
Client/Server v Multi-server).
Ti c 1 bi lab phc tp vi nhiu router, v cng serial b flapping, cc eigrp neighbor
adjacencies b li, show run v write mem chy rt lu.
iu ny hu nh l do vn hiu sut trn my PC ch. Mt bi lab ln tiu tn nhiu RAM
v CPU. Mc nh, b nh DRAM ca router c gi lp nh l mt tp tin trn a c kch
thc bng vi kch thc lng RAM. Tnh nng cache ca HH trn my ch t ng gi
nhng phn hay c truy xut nht trong RAM. Nhng v RAM ca bn chy chm, s tc
Thnh ph H Ch Minh Thng 11 nm 2007
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Nu bn gp li ny ngha l hypervisor hin gi ang khng lng nghe, bn xem li phn thit
lp ca hypervisor trong Dynamips preferences nu bn s dng hypervisor manager hoc trong
phn hypervisor trong ca s IOS images and hypervisors. Nu vn vn cn, hy th:
Khi ng hypervisor bng tay v xem kt xut ca n.
Kim tra xem bn c mt tin trnh Dynamips no khc ang chy trn h thng hay
khng
Xo th mc lm vic ca Dynamips (c bit l cc tp tin b kho)
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Ghi ch: Chng ti ang c d nh s cung cp ch debug trong phin bn tng lai.
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