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Conf. Univ., Facult. Medicin Dentar, U.M.F. Carol Davila Bucureti, Romnia,
dmtrchadina@yahoo.com
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Conf. Univ, Facult. Medicin Dentar, U.M.F. Carol Davila Bucureti, Romnia,
and_comes@yahoo.com
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ef lucr., Facult. de Medicin Dentar, U.M.F. Carol Davila Bucureti, Romnia,
umashakti22@yahoo.com
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Asist. univ., Facult.Medicin Dentar, U.M.F. Carol Davila Bucureti, Romnia,
lore.dumitrascu@gmail.com
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Conf. Univ. Facult. Medicin Dentar, U.M.F. Carol Davila Bucureti, Romnia,
marian.cuculescu@gmail.com
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Prof. Univ., Facult. Medicin Dentar, U.M.F. Carol Davila Bucureti, Romnia,
Kriszstina@yahoo.com
68
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activitilor zilnice ale copiilor a fost moderat, cu o severitate redus a efectelor. Principalele
cauzele ale acestor efecte au fost: caria dentar, exfolierea dinilor temporari, durerea dentar,
sensibilitatea dentar i sngerarea gingival. Sntatea oral a afectat calitatea vieii copiilor
n principal prin efecte asupra consumului alimentelor, a igienizrii cavitii orale, a stabilitii
emoionale i a funciei estetice.
Cuvinte cheie: calitatea vieii, Child-OIDP, impacte orale, elevi, severitate.
Introducere
Unul din drepturile fundamentale ale
omului este sentimentul general de
fericire i satisfacie n legatur cu viaa
i mediul nconjurtor, cuprinznd
aspecte precum sntatea, timpul liber,
cultura, drepturile, valorile i credinele,
aspiraiile i condiiile de baz ale vieii
din care fac parte aceste elemente [28]. O
alt definiie [35] pune calitatea vieii n
relaie cu satisfacerea armonioas i
simultan a tuturor necesitilor umane:
sntate, condiii de via civilizate,
securitate economic i social, timp
liber, cultur, educaie, munc demn,
interesant i satisfctoare, relaii
interpersonale suportive i pozitive, o
societate
raional
organizat
i
fundamentat pe libertate, democraie i
moralitate constructiv.
Din punct de vedere al sntii,
calitatea vieii reflect senzaia de
sntate fizic i psihic, dar i
capacitatea de a reaciona la factorii din
mediile fizic i social i prezint un grad
mai mare de subiectivitate comparativ cu
sperana de via i, de aceea, poate fi
dificil de msurat [28]. Aadar, i n
domeniul
medical,
observm
ntreptrunderea
dintre
aspectele
individuale i cele sociale care conduce
la o abordare holistic a sntii i bolii.
n 1997, D. Locker abordeaz
ngrijirile de sntate din punct de vedere
bio-psiho-social, centrat pe pacient, spre
deosebire de abordarea anterioar,
biomedical, centrat pe boal [18].
Autorul afirm c boala i sntatea
trebuiesc
privite
ca
dimensiuni
69
Material i metod
Studiul, de tip cross-secional, a fost
realizat pe un lot reprezentativ pentru
populaia
colar
din
municipiul
Bucureti, cuprinznd un numr de 418
copii selectai randomizat din 6 coli ale
70
Scor
activitate
9
6
4
3
2
1
0
Rezultate
Din totalul de 418 copii invitai s
participe la studiu, 415 au avut acordul
prinilor de participare i 413 au fost
examinai clinic, participnd la toate
etapele cercetrii. Rata de responsivitate
a fost de 98,8 %. Media de vrst a fost
11,8 ani (0,8), iar distribuia pe sexe de
53% subieci de sex feminin i 47% de
sex masculin. Prevalena cariei dentare n
lotul studiat a fost moderat: 44,7% din
totalul lotului examinat erau indemni de
carii (55,3% elevi de 11 ani, 44,7% elevi
de 12 ani i 32,8% de 13 ani), iar indicele
de experien carioas n dentiia
permanent (DMFT) a avut valori ce
variaz ntre 0 i 13, pentru 11 ani
DMFT= 1,61(2,27), la 12 ani DMFT=
2,01( 2,05), la 13 ani DMFT=2,45(
2,38) i o valoare medie pentru tot lotul
72
13
14
15
16
17
99
Culoarea dinilor
Dinte permanent absent
Forma sau mrimea dinilor
Dinte permanent fracturat
Diformiti ale gurii sau feei
Altele
13
8,7
7,8
3,5
0,9
3,5
73
asupra
Cont.
sociale
7
93
0,9
2,6
3,5
0
0
Tabelul 5. Principalele probleme de sntate oral percepute ca fiind cauze de afectare ale
celor 8 activiti zilnice
Activitate afectat Probleme de sntate oral cauzale (%)
Consum alim.
Dinte sensibil
Caria dentar
Durere dini
Pierd. d. lapte
(Prev.=46,1%)
15,8
14,3
12,4
2,6
Durere dini
Dinte sensibil
Caria dentar 1 Pierd. d. lapte
Vorbirea
(Prev.=8%)
3,9
2,1
1
Sngerare ging.
Durere dini
Caria dentar
Pierd. d. lapte
Igienizare oral
(Prev.=21,9%)
8
5,3
3,5
5,1
Caria dentar
Durere dini
Altele
Relaxarea
(Preval.=7,8%)
4,4
2,6
0,9
Durere dini
Dinte sensibil
Caria dentar
Forma dintilor
Men. st. emo.
(Prev.=13%)
8
2,3
0,9
1,8
Culoarea dini
Durere dini
Caria dentar
Pierd. d. lapte
Zmbit
(Prev.=8,8%)
2,6
2,6
1,8
1,8
Durere dini
Caria dentar
Activ. colare
(Prev.=4,3%)
3,5
0,8
Durere dini
Caria dentar
Pierd. d. lapte
Umflarea ging.
Contacte sociale
(Prev.= 7%)
3,5
1,8
0,9
0,8
Discuii
Prevalena impactelor orale resimite
n ultimele trei luni de populaia studiat
a fost moderat (57,4%), rezultat care se
coreleaz cu valoarea prevalenei cariei
dentare ( 44,7%) i a mediei indicilor de
carie (DMFT=2,082,11) pentru acest lot
de studiu. Dei pentru lotul studiat (elevi
cu vrsta 11-13 ani, din Bucureti) nu
exist date anterioare pentru comparaie,
74
Concluzii
Sntatea oral a afectat calitatea
vieii copiilor n principal prin efecte
asupra consumului alimentelor, a
igienizrii cavitii orale, a stabilitii
emoionale i a funciei estetice. Au fost
depistate diferite cauze ale acestor efecte,
n cea mai mare msur contribuind:
caria
dentar,
exfolierea
dinilor
temporari
i
durerea
dentar,
sensibilitatea dentar, spaiul dentar
datorit lipsei erupiei dinilor permaneni
i sngerarea gingival.
Evaluarea impactului strii de
sntate oral asupra vieii zilnice este
relevant pentru crearea unor politici de
sntate care s se adreseze nevoilor
populaiei, cu stabilirea unei ierarhii a
prioritii ngrijirilor i pentru evaluarea
bugetelelor alocate tratamentelor.
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