Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC KINH T TP. H CH MINH
PHM C NGUYN
TI:
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B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC KINH T' TP. H CH MINH
PHM C NGUYN
TI:
LI CAM OAN
2.2.4
Hot ng tn dng..........................................................................30
2.2.5
Mng li hot ng:......................................................................31
2.2.6
Thc trng v sn phm dch v ca khi ngn hng TMCP..........33
2.2.7
Thc trng v cng ngh thng tin..................................................34
2.3 Nhng thun li v kh khn i vi khi NHTMCP............................35
2.3.1
Nhng thun li..............................................................................35
2.3.2
Nhng kh khn ca khi NHTMCP..............................................38
2.4 Cc cam kt ca Vit Nam khi gia nhp WTO.......................................41
2.5 Th trng chng khon Vit Nam v sc hp dn ca c phiu ngnh
2.4.1
Cc cam kt v tip cn th trng:.................................................42
2.4.2
Cam kt v x quc gia.............................................................43
ngn hng.........................................................................................................44
2.5.1
Cc qui nh ca Chnh ph v vn php nh ca ngn hng........44
2.5.2
Th trng chng khon Vit Nam..................................................44
2.5.3
Sc hp dn ca c phiu ngnh ngn hng....................................46
2.6 Mi trng php l nh hng n hot ng thu tm v sp nhp
doanh nghip Vit Nam.................................................................................49
2.7 Tnh hnh thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng ti Vit nam........................52
2.7.1
Tnh hnh thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng ti Vit nam trc
2004................................................. . .!.......................................................52
2.7.2
Tnh hnh mua li c phn ti cc NHTMCP Vit Nam trong thi
gian gn y..................................................................................................53
2.8 Tnh tt yu khch quan, ph hp vi xu hng pht trin kinh t quc
t ca qu trnh thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng..............................................57
CHNG 3: GII PHP THU TM V SP NHP NGN HNG NHAM
TNG CNG NNG Lc CNH TRANH CA CC NHTMCP VIT NAM
THI K HI NHP................ ......................................................................64
3.1 Cc bin php thc hin thng v thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng...64
3.1.1
Thm d tm kim, nh gi v kho st thn trng cc mc tiu tim
nng..............................................................................................................64
3.1.2
Xy dng tiu ch la chn ngn hng mc tiu ph hp vi thc
t........................1.....................................................................................66
3.1.3
Tip xc thng tho vi Ban iu hnh ngn hng mc tiu.........69
3.1.4
Xc nh gi thu tm mt cch cn trng v hp l.......................72
3.1.5
La chn cc phng thc thanh ton ca thng v thu tm v
sp nhp ngn hng ph hp.........................................................................75
3.1.6
Xy dng k hoch ha hp vn ha v thng hiu doanh
nghip...........................................................................................................76
3.1.7
Xy dng chnh sch i ng nhn s linh hot..............................77
3.2 Cc gii php hn ch s thiu hiu qu sau sp nhp ngn hng..........78
3.2.1
Tuyn truyn y nhng thng tin cn thit v vic sp nhp. .79
3.2.2
nh gi ng tc ng ca s cng lc.........................................80
3.2.3
nh gi y v chnh xc cc khon n xu v n tim tng ..80
3.2.4
Lp k hoch hp nht phn mm h thng giao dch.....................81
3.3 Gii php v vai tr ca ngn hng u t trong thng v thu tm v
sp nhp ngn hng ti Vit Nam......................................................................82
3.4 Gii php v vai tr ca Nh nc trong vic iu tit v qun l hot
ng thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng..............................................................83
NHTMCP
NHTM
NHNN
Ngn hng Nh nc
NHNNg
NHTMQD
NHLD
CN
Chi nhnh
TM
Thng mi
TP HCM
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
TCTC
T chc ti chnh
ROA
ROE
NIM
CAR
H s" an ton vn
ACB
STB
ABB
SEAB
VP
HBB
DongA
MB
VIB
TCB
EXB
VCB
Marit Bank
Ocean Bank
SaigonBank
TTCKVN
1.
khi ngn hng nc ngoi. ng thi, vic cc ngn hng nc ngoi tng t l
1. gi c phn trong cc ngn hng thng mi c phn Vit Nam ang din ra
nm
Mc ch ca lun vn
thng mi c phn Vit Nam, ng thi xut cc gii php nhm thc hin
thnh cng v hiu qu thng v thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng.
4.
Kt cu ca lun vn
1.1
Trang 2
thanh khon. Loi giao dch ny li cho cng ty mc tiu mt cng ty trng khng,
nu bn mua mua ton b ti sn. Bn mua thng cu trc giao dch nh l mt ti
sn c mua 1.1.2.1Cc hnh thc sp nhp
Sp nhp theo hng ngang: l s sp nhp gia hai cng ty kinh doanh v cnh
tranh trn mt dng sn phm, trong cng mt th trng. Kt qu t nhng
thng v sp nhp theo dng ny s em li cho bn sp nhp c hi m rng
th trng, kt hp thng hiu, gim chi ph c" nh, tng cng hiu qu
ca h thng phn phi v hu cn. Do vy, khi hai i th cnh tranh trn
thng trng kt hp li vi nhau th h khng nhng lm gim bt cho mnh
mt i th m cn to nn mt sc mnh ln hn ng u vi cc i
th cn li. V d in hnh l thng v sp nhp ca hai cng ty du la
Exxon v Mobil, v kt hp ny tn km 78,9 t la M vo nm 1998.
Sp nhp theo hng dc: l s sp nhp gia hai cng ty nm trn cng mt
chui gi tr, dn ti s m rng v pha trc hoc pha sau ca cng ty sp
nhp trn chui gi tr . Cc thng v dng ny c phn thnh hai nhm
chnh:
+ Sp nhp tin: thng v dng ny din ra khi mt cng ty mua mt cng ty phn
phi sn phm ca mnh, hnh thnh nn mt cng ty mi vi s tham gia vo chui
gi tr gn nh khp kn. Chng hn nh cng ty sn xut kh gas mua cng ty phn
phi gas, s hnh thnh nn mt cng ty mi vi kh nng sn xut v cung cp gas
ti ngi tiu dng.
+ Sp nhp li: thng v ny din ra khi mt cng ty mua mt cng ty cung cp
nguyn liu u vo cho mnh. Chng hn nh mt cng ty in sch mua li mt cng
ty cung cp giy in cho mnh, sau thng v sp nhp s hnh thnh nn mt cng ty
vi qui m v m hnh kinh doanh hon thin v ch ng hn.
V d in hnh l vo nm 1993, cng ty dc phm ln nht th gii, Merck, mua
Cng ty Medco Containment Services, nh bun ln nht v hng dc phm k toa,
Trang 3
Trang 4
th ln th 6 trn th gii tnh theo doanh thu ph bo him gp hng nm. Ngay sau
khi vic chuyn nhng c hon tt, Cng ty c i tn thnh Cng ty bo him
nhn th Daiichi Vit Nam v hon thin hot ng kinh doanh p ng nhu cu v
bo him nhn th ca khch hng Vit Nam. Mt thng v khc na l Cng ty t
Nam Kinh (Trung Quc) mua li hng MG Rover ca Anh vi gi 50 triu bng.
+ Sp nhp a dng ha sn phm: l hnh thc sp nhp gia hai cng ty sn xut hai
loi sn phm khc nhau nhng cng ng dng mt cng ngh sn xut hoc tip th
gn ging nhau.
Mt th d in hnh khc ca loi hnh sp nhp hn hp l Cng ty General Electric
(GE), GE thc hin c vic m rt nhiu cc cng ty khc khng th lm thnh
cng c - l thc hin vic a dng ha ngnh ngh kinh doanh to ra gi tri
cho cc c ng. GE l cng ty thu tm hng lot v rt thnh cng.
1.2
Cch thc thc hin thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng rt a dng ph thuc
vo quan im qun tr ca cc bn, mc tiu, c cu s hu v cc li th ca mi
bn trong tng trng hp c th. Tuy nhin, theo cc thng v thu tm v sp
nhp trn th gii th cc phng thc thc hin thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng
gm: thng lng vi Hi ng qun tr v Ban iu hnh, thu gom c phiu trn th
trng chng khon, mua ti sn, cho mua cng khai, li ko cc c ng bt mn ...
1.2.1 Thng lng vi Hi ng qun tr v Ban iu hnh.
Trang 5
mnh hn sc vt qua nhng kho khn ca thi k khng hong v nng cao kh
nng cnh tranh vi ngn hng nc ngoi.
1.2.2 Thu gom c phiu trn th trng chng khon
Trang 6
cho mua cng khai l ban qun tr ngn hng mc tiu b mt quyn nh ot, bi v
y l s trao i trc tip gia ngn hng thn tnh v c ng ca ngn hng mc
tiu, trong khi ban qun tr (thng ch l ngi i din do trc tip khng nm
s" lng c phiu chi phi) b gt ra bn ngoi. Thng thng ban qun tri, cc v
tr ch cht ca ngn hng mc tiu s b thay th", mc d thng hiu v c cu t
chc ca n vn c th c gi li m khng nht thit b sp nhp hon ton vo
ngn hng thn tnh, trng hp ny s pht sinh quan h cng ty m - cng ty con.
chng li v sp nhp bt li cho mnh, ban qun tr ngn hng mc tiu c th
chin u li bng cch tm kim s tr gip/bo lnh ti chnh mnh hn, c th
a ra mc gi cho mua c phn cao hn na c phn ca cc c ng hin hu
ang ng lng. Bin php ny gi l m hi thng.
1.2.4 Mua ti sn
Phng thc ny cng gn tng t nh phng thc cho mua cng khai.
Ngn hng thu tm c th n phng hoc cng ngn hng mc tiu nh gi ti
sn ca ngn hng (h thng tham kho gi ca cng ty t vn nh gi ti sn
c lp chuyn nghip thc hin). Sau cc bn s thng tho a ra cc mc
gi ph hp (c th cao hn hoc thp hn mc gi m cng ty t vn nh gi ti sn
chuyn nghip). Phng thc thanh ton c th bng tin mt hoc n. im hn ch
ca phng thc ny l cc ti sn v hnh nh thng hiu, th phn, h thng khch
hng, nhn s, vn ha doanh nghip rt kh c nh gi v c cc bn thng
nht. Do , phng thc ny thng ch p dng tip qun cc ngn hng nh, m
thc cht l nhm n cc a im giao dch, danh mc u t, i ng nhn s, bt
ng sn, h thng khch hng ang thuc s hu ca ngn hng .
1.2.5 Li ko c ng bt mn
Trang 7
ngn hng mnh. Ngn hng c li th cnh tranh c th li dng tnh hnh ny li
ko b phn c ng . Trc tin, thng qua th trng, h s mua mt s lng c
phn tng i ln (nhng cha chi phi) c phiu trn th trng tr thnh
c ng ca ngn hng mc tiu. Sau khi nhn c s ng h, h v cc c ng bt
mn s triu tp cuc hp i hi ng c ng, hi s" lng c phn chi phi
loi b ban qun tr c v bu i din ngn hng thu tm vo hi ng qun tr mi.
cnh gic vi hnh thc thn tnh ny, ban qun tr c th sp t cc nhim k ca
ban iu hnh v ban qun tr xen k nhau ngay t trong iu l cng ty. Bi v mc
ch cui cng ca ngn hng thn tnh v c ng bt mn l thay i ban iu hnh.
13
Trang 8
Trong thi k cui nm 2007 sang u nm 2008, cc NHTM Vit Nam lao
Trang 9
S pht trin rt nhanh ca ngnh ngn hng Vit Nam ni chung v khi
NHTMCP ni ring trong thi gian qua lm cho th trng lao ng rt khan him
nhn s ngnh ti chnh - ngn hng. Cc ngn hng mi thnh lp u phi xy dng
mt i ng cn b nng c"t vng chc, nhng nhn s ny i hi phi c kinh
nghim trong lnh vc ti chnh - ngn hng, c k nng qun l tt. Do vy xy
dng c i ng khung nh vy th khng c cch no hiu qu bng li ko
nhn s nhng ngn hng hot ng lu nm, ng thi cc ngn hng mun m
rng qui m hot ng cng phi tuyn dng nhn s cho chi nhnh, phng giao dch
mi nn dn n hin tng dch chuyn nhn s t ngn hng ny sang ngn hng
Trang 10
Trang 11
Sau khi sp nhp, ngn hng nhn sp nhp s hot ng vi s" vn c phn
ln hn, nhng c ng ln ca ngn hng b thu tm c th s mt quyn kim sot
ngn hng nh trc y do t l quyn biu quyt trn tng s" c phn c quyn
biu quyt gim nh hn trc. Nhng ci ti ca cc ng ch ngn hng b
ng chm, kin ca h trong i hi ng c ng khng cn c nh trc na,
quyn bu ngi vo Hi ng qun tr cng s gim so vi trc y. Hi ng qun
tr s c s" lng ln hn, nn thnh vin hi ng qun tr do cc c ng ln bu
vo s c quyn hn ch" hn trc y khi cha sp nhp. V th" cc c ng ln s
tm cch lin kt vi nhau to nn th" lc ca mnh ln hn nhm tm cch kim
sot ngn hng sau sp nhp, cuc ua tranh s khng bao gi chm dt cho n khi
tt c cc bn cng tha mn quyn li ca mnh. Th nhng cc ng ch ca ngn
hng sau sp nhp n t cc ngn hng khc nhau, s c nhiu ng ch hn, nhiu
tnh cch hn, h li cha cng nhau hp tc khi no nn s bt ng quan im rt
d xy ra do cc li ch b ng chm. Do cc ti ca cc ng ch ngn hng qu
ln nn rt c th h s i ngc li li ch ca s" ng cc c ng nhm lm li
Trang 12
cho bn thn mnh. Vy nn, trong cc tp on ti chnh ln, cuc chin gia cc c
ng ln khng khi no chm dt.
1.3.2.3Vn ha doanh nghip b pha trn
Trang 13
Trang 14
Cc yu t" nh hng n nng lc cnh tranh ca ngn hng nh: (i) nng
Trang 15
Trang 16
Vai tr hot ng kinh doanh hng chnh lnh gi: ngn hng u t thc
hin mua c phiu ca cng ty c k vng l s b thu tm cho n khi
thng v c tha thun xong th bn c phiu ra kim li bi v sau khi
tha thun xong, gi c phiu ca cng ty b thu tm s cao hn trc do
thng tin v thng v thu tm c cng b. Thut ng ny cng tng t
nh thut ng kinh doanh ri ro (risk arbitrage), nhng ngi mua c phiu
ca cng ty c cho l mc tiu ca vic thu tm s bn c phiu khi thng
v thu tm n giai on kt thc kim li. H nh gi kh nng hon
thnh v theo ui thng v vi tnh kh thi cao.
Mt s" ngn hng u t c ring b phn kinh doanh chnh lch gi. Tuy
nhin, nu mt ngn hng u t ang t vn cho khch hng ca mnh lin quan n
vic thu tm mt cng ty, th bt buc c vn l trng thnh c dng ln gia
b phn kinh doanh chnh lch vi cc chuyn vin t vn lm vic trc tip vi
khch hng. V th kinh doanh chnh lch s khng thu c li nhun t cc thng
tin t pha cc chuyn vin t vn nhng iu khng d dng tn ti trn th
trng. Li nhun thu c t loi thng tin ni gin ny l s vi phm php lut v
chng khon.
1.6
Trang 17
nhau (trung bnh mi nm c 1.301 cng ty). Nhng nm 1980 v 1990 mang n
nhng ln sng mi ca nhng hot ng sp nhp thn thin v nhng hot ng tip
qun th ch trong mt s ngnh cng nghip, khi cc tp on c" gng cng c"
v tr ca h thch ng vi iu kin thay i.
Cng vo cui nhng nm 1990, Travellers Group sp nhp vi Citicorp, hnh thnh
nn cng ty dch v ti chnh ln nht th" gii. Tip theo ln sng tip qun ca Nht
i vi cc cng ty M trong thp k 1980, n lt cc hng ca c chim v tr
ni bt trong nhng nm 1990 khi Ngn hng Deutsche Bank tip qun ngn hng
Bankers Trust.
Ngoi ra trong lnh vc ngn hng c rt nhiu hot ng thu tm v sp nhp
din ra. Thng 5/2001, Tp on ti chnh Citigroup ca M tuyn b" mua tp
on Ngn hng ln nht Mexico l Banacci vi gi khng l: 12,5 t USD. y l
cuc mua bn ln nht trong lch s ti th trng cc nc mi ni nh Mxico.
Citigroup l Tp on ti chnh ln ca M l ch s hu ca Ngn hng thng mi
khng l Citibank. Tp on BBAA ca Ty Ban Nha mua Ngn hng Bancomer
vn l i th chnh ca Ngn hng Banamex ti Mxico. Mt khc, cuc sp nhp
ny theo tnh ton ca Ch tch Tp on Citigroup ng Sandy Weill th hng nm
Tp on s gim c t nht 200 triu USD cho chi ph chuyn giao cng ngh v
nht l chi ph huy ng vn thp hn.
Nm 2002 din ra v sp nhp gia Ngn hng thng mi Dresdner v Tp on bo
him Allanz trong ni b nc c. y l mt thng v mi v ln nht ti c
da trn nguyn tc gp c phn ca hai nh ch ti chnh Ngn hng v phi Ngn
hng thnh mt lin minh ti chnh hn hp nhm cng c" a v ti lc v c bit
l tn dng ti a li th ca cc bn: Tp on bo him Allanz pht huy c ti
a ngun li thu c t vic m rng th trng v s dng h thng bn l thng
qua cc nghip v kinh doanh ngn hng, cn Ngn hng Dresdner th tp trung c
ngun lc khng l vo vic kinh doanh trong lnh vc u t ti sn ti chnh. Tp
Trang 18
Chng
1 Tng
n
v tnh:
triuquan
us$ v thu tm v sp nhp doanh nghip
NH mua
NH mc tiu
Nm sp
NH mc
Ti sn
nhp
Nations Bank
Bank America
Corporation
Corporation
Norwest
Corporation
Firstar
Wells Fargo &
First Interstate
u.s. Bancorp
Bancorp
Fleet
ChaseFinancial
Group,
Inc.
Manhattan
Citigroup, Inc.
Corporation
Chemical
Banking
Washington
Mutual,
Inc.
Corporation
First Union
Nations Bank
tiu Dn
SL vn
phng
1998
201,576
129,723
1,960
1998
96,316
70,875
1,459
1998
90,700
53,578
648
1996
2001
59,187
85,402
48,510
53,289
1,053
1,130
1999
50,722
34,648
451
2000
73,832
4,676
2002
50,680
22,978
357
1998
1996
50,291
71,913
37,611
35,815
416
349
1998
2001
70,022
44,066
41,538
34,450
786
670
1998
43,967
32,201
575
1997
43,034
30,933
607
1997
41,010
27,572
416
2001
39,925
26,200
493
1999
39,465
27,558
1999
35,448
23,795
453
1998
33,987
15,102
229
1997
33,383
25,549
631
Company
Bank One
Corporation
Corporation
Corporation
Company
Trang 19
Bank Boston
J.p. Morgan &
Corporation
Company, Inc.
Golden State
Bancorp, Inc.
Chase Manhattan
Ahmanson &
Corporation
Company (H.F.)
Wachovia
Barnett Banks, Inc.
Corporation
First Union
Corporation
Core States
Financial
Corporation
Nations Bank
Boatmens
Corporation
Bancshares, Inc.
Washington
Mutual, Inc.
Great Western
Financial
Corporation
Fleet Boston
Financial
Summit Bancorp
Corporation
Deutsche Bank
Bankers Trust
AG
Corporation
Firstar
Corporation
Mercantile
Bancorporation,
Inc
Golden State
First Nationwide
Bancorp, Inc.
First Bank
Holdings, Inc
U.S. Bancorp
Chng
System,
Inc.1 Tng quan v thu tm v sp nhp doanh nghip
HSBC
Holdings, Plc
1999
31,848
Trang 20
13,588
92
Corporation
Ngun: Bank Merger Activity in the United States, 1994-2003; Steven J. Pilloff, May
2004.
Theo kt qu nghin cu ca Cng ty thng k ti chnh Thomson
Financial, nm 2005 din ra cc hot ng sp nhp v mua bn cng ty vi tng
gi tr cc hp ng gia cc tp on kinh t ln ln ti 2.703 t USD, tng 38,4%
so vi nm 2004. S" lng cc hp ng Chu u tng 49% v M tng 30%.
Hp ng mua v li sp nhp c phn ln nht 2005 l Tp on ti chnh
Mitshubishi Tokyo Financial ti Nht Bn mua Ngn hng UFJ Holdings vi s"
tin 59.1 t USD.
Trong nm 2006 Ngn hng Banca Intesa v Ngn hng Sanpaolo IMI
thng nht k" hoch sp nhp tr thnh ngn hng ln nht Italia, v sp nhp
thay i hon ton mi trng kinh doanh Italia, y cng c coi l bin
php hu hiu nhm tng cng nng lc cnh tranh vi cc ngn hng nc ngoi.
Theo tha thun Intesa s phi mt 3.115 c phiu cho mi c phiu c v c phiu
u i ca Sanpaolo, tng ng t l hon i 3,18. Ngi ca Intesa tr thnh
Gim c iu hnh, ch tch Hi ng qun tr ca Sapaolo s tr thnh ch tch
Hi ng qun tr ca ngn hng sau sp nhp, cn ch tch Hi ng qun tr ca
Intesa tr thnh ch tch Hi ng gim st. Cc nh phn tch cho rng v sp
nhp ny c coi l tng ng v rt khn ngoan.
Tip theo l nhng thng v thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng M v
Chu u vo nm 2008 khi cuc khng khong tn dng nh t M pht trin
thnh cuc khng hong ti chnh ngn hng lan rng ra ton cu m nh hng
nng n nht l
Trang 21
T nm 1988 H thng ngn hng Vit Nam pht trin thnh h thng ngn
hng hai cp, ph hp vi thng l quc t. H thng ngn hng hai cp gm h thng
NHNN v ngn hng trung gian. NHNN l c quan qun l lnh vc tin t tn dng
ngn hng, hoch nh cc chnh sch ti chnh, iu hnh chnh sch tin t, c ch
t gi hi oi, hot ng khng mang tnh cht thng mi. NH trung gian gm cc
NHTM CP, NHTM NN, cc t chc tn dng phi ngn hng...
Bng 2.1: S" lng Ngn hng TM Vit Nam
TT
Loi hnh NH
2004
2005
2006
2007
1 NHTMQD
2 NHTMCP
3 NHLD
36
37
34
35
4 CN NHNNg
28
31
31
37
Chng
2 Thc
trng nng lc cnh tranh ca cc NHTMCP Vit Nam
n
v tnh:
t ng
T
T
Ngn hng
Trang 23
Ghi
Tng ti sn
Vn iu l
196.117
15.000
87.000
2.630,1
63.484
4.448,8
37.000
2.521,3
34.027
2.80011/2007
39.318
26.961
2.000
8 Ngn hng Si gn
25.980
1.970
9 Ngn hng nh H ni
23.0000
2.000
21.500
2.00010/2007
20.000
11.655
19.195
1.000
11/2007
3.00011/2007
10.400
18.015,8
2.00011/2007
1.434,29/2007
20
cng
thng Si Gn
14 Ngn
Ngn hng
hng An
Bnh
8.00,3
17.000
1.02004/2007
2.300
21
15 Ngn hng Vit
HngHi Vit nam
7.708
15.207
75010/2007
1.50010/2007
22
16 Ngn hng Nam Vit
Ngn hng pht trin nh TP HCM
23 Ngn hng Bc
7.000
14.000
50010/2007
1.000
6.343,9
94012/2006
4.692
11.754
4.500
575,909/2007
1.111,1
1.000 07/2007
2.752
50011/2007
27 Ngn hng i
1.753,3
50009/2007
1.630,4
50009/2007
1.407,1
58006/2007
1.302,5
444,609/2007
749
30012/2006
694,2
20009/2007
33 Ngn hng i Tn
34 Ngn hng Thi Binh Dng
435,9
29,6
504,212/2006
566,503/2007
11
18
12
19
13
ch
1.600
2.000
50012/2006
Vit Nam
Khi ngn hng thng mi c phn chim 22% tng ti sn ca khi ngn
hng ni a (nm 2006). Khi ngn hng thng mi c phn c sng lp bi
ngun vn ni a, mc d mt vi ngn hng nhn c ngun vh u t nc
ngoi ng k. Ngun vh ni a ca cc NHTMCP c ngun gc t cc ngn hng
thng mi Nh nc v cc doanh nghip t nhn lm gia tng mc ri ro ca cc
i tc c lin quan.
Mc d tng trng ng k trong thi gian gn y, khi ngn hng thng
mi c phn nhn chung gii hn li qui m hot ng v vn iu l nh t 500 t
ng n 4.500 t ng. Khi NHTMCP cng phi gnh chu cc khon cho vay tp
trung v cc chi ph hot ng kinh doanh ch yu, thng lin quan n cc nh u
t chin lc v cc t chc khc. Tuy vy, cc ngn hng thng mi c phn ln
cng thnh cng trong vic tp trung vo th trng bn l v cc doanh nghip
va v nh, th trng ny h xy dng c kh nng cnh tranh cao. Hai ngn
hng TMCP hng u l NHTMCP Chu v NHTMCP Si Gn Thng Tn t
c th phn kh ln, trong khi nhm th hai bao gm: NHTMCP k thng Vit
Nam, NHTMCP xut nhp khu Vit nam, NHTMCP Quc T, NHTMCP Qun i,
NHTMCP nh H Ni v NHTMCP Si Gn i mt vi nhiu thch thc c th
ng vo hng cc ngn hng hng u trong khi NHTMCP. Cui cng, nhm
NHTMCP th ba, gm 27 NHTMCP cn li phi i mt vi nhng thch thc cnh
tranh v cng khc nghit vi nguy c thn tnh tim tng cng vi vic qui nh mc
vn php nh nghim ngt c qui nh ti Ngh nh 141/2006/N-CP ngy 22
thng 11 nm 2006.
2.2.1 Qui m vn kinh doanh
Chng
2 Thc
trng nng lc cnh tranh ca cc NHTMCP Vit Nam
n
v tnh:
t ng
Ngn hng
2006
Trang 25
2007
ACB
1.100
2.630,1
STB
2.089
4.448,8
Techcombank
1.500
2.521,3
Eximbank
1.212
2.800
880
1.600
Southembank
1.290
1.434,2
VIB Bank
1.000
2.000
MB
An Bnh
1.045
1.131
2.000
2.300
ng
Tuy gp phi nhng thch thc v tc cnh tranh ngy cng gia tng v
qui nh v vn php nh kht khe, cc NHTMCP c nhng c" gng m
bo cc ngun vn u t chin lc t cc i tc chin lc nc ngoi. i vi
khi NHTMCP cc ngun u t ny l yu t trng yu t c kh nng cnh
tranh bn vng nh v mt thng hiu, pht trin sn phm, qun l ri ro, sc
mnh ti chnh v cc k nng qun l chuyn mn. Do tnh hnh pht trin mnh
m ca nn kinh t Vit nam cng nh li nhun ca ngnh Ngn hng, cc ngn
hng nc ngoi thc s quan tm n vic tip tc u t chin lc vo Vit
nam trong hai nm qua, c th nh sau:
Chng
2 Thc
nng ngoi
lc cnh
tranhcc
caNHTMCP
cc NHTMCP Vit Nam
Bng
2.4 Vn
utrng
t nc
trong
NH mc tiu
NH mua
Thi im
Trang 26
T l nm gi
Sacombank
ANZ Bank
24/03/2005
10%
Standard Chartered
17/06/2005
8,6%
Techcombank
HSBC
09/2008
20%
VP Bank
OCBC
21/03/2006
10%
BNP Paribas
17/11/2006
10%
Southern Bank
UOB
08/2008
15%
Habubank
Deutsche Bank
01/02/2007
20%
Trang 27
chng trnh Gi tit kim trng xe Mercedes, HDBank vi Gi tin HDBank trng vng nguyn k, ACB vi Xun may mn cng ACB....
Bng 2.5 Th phn huy ng vn ca ngnh ngn hng 2002 - 2007
Khi ngn hng
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
NHTMQD
79%
78%
75%
75%
69%
59%
NHTMCP
10%
11%
13%
16%
22%
30%
CN NHNNg & LD
9%
9%
10%
8%
8%
9%
TCTC khc
1%
1%
2%
2%
1%
2%
Ngun: ADB
Th phn ca khi NHTMCP tng ln mnh m t 2006 cho thy s pht trin nhanh
chng v sc cnh tranh ngy cng mnh m ca khi ny trn th trng. Tuy nhin
do trong nm 2006 - 2007 khi NHTMQD khng tp trung nhiu vo tng trng
hot ng m tp trung vo vic tng cng nng lc ti chnh cng nh qun l cht
lng tn dng chun b cho qu trnh c phn ha. Hn na, do khi NHNNg v
NHLD b hn ch bi qui nh php l lin quan n hot ng huy ng tin gi
bng VND t khch hng c nhn nn kh nng m rng th phn b hn ch cho nn
khi NHTMCP c nhiu li th khai thc.
2.2.4 Hot ng tn dng
Trang 28
(ii)
(iii)
2002
2003
2004 2005
2006
2007
NHTMQD
80%
79%
77%
73%
65%
55%
NHTMCP
10%
11%
12%
15%
21%
29%
CN NHNNg & LD
9%
9%
10%
10%
9%
9%
TCTC khc
2%
2%
2%
2%
5%
7%
Ngun: ADB
2.2.5 Mng li hot ng:
Trang 29
36
NH ng Nam
50
NH An Bnh
56
64
NH Qun i
65
NH Quc T
82
NH ng
107
NH Chu
126
128
130
NH Si Gn Thng Tn
211
204
Trang 30
cc ngn hng cng v"p phi nhiu kh khn v vic tuyn dng nhn s cho cc chi
nhnh, thc t cho thy to nn cn st nhn s ngn hng vo hi na cui nm
2007 n u nm 2008. Nhng tn hiu cnh bo nhng nguy c tim n ri ro v
qun tr ngun nhn lc trong khi NHTMCP ng thi nh hng n cht lng
hot ng ca ngn hng.
2.2.6 Thc trng v sn phm dch v ca khi ngn hng TMCP
Nhn thc v li th so snh ca pht trin dch v trong cnh tranh hot ng
nn nhiu NHTM ang c" gng hon thin cht lng sn phm theo chun mc
quc t nhng c s tng thch th trng Vit nam. Thu nhp t dch v tn dng
chin t trng 82,5% v thu nhp t dch v phi tn dng chim 14,8% so vi tng thu
nhp Ngn hng: trong thu nhp t dch v truyn thng nh trao i tin t, chit
khu thng phiu, bo qun vt c gi, cho thu kt st, cung cp ti khon dch v,
cc dch v qun l ti sn, thc hin di chc, qun l danh mc u t, y thc chi
tr lng, y thc pht hnh chng khon, thanh ton li tri phiu, chi tr c tc. c
bit l trong dch v ngoi hi, pht hnh th tn dng, th ATM, dch v tr lng...
nhiu NHTM ra chin lc tip cn v cung cp trn gi tt c dch v i vi
mt khch hng giao dch thay v cung cp nhng dch v n l theo nhu cu ca
khch hng nh trc y.
Ngoi ra cc NHTM cn cung cp ti khch hng cc dch v khch hng c
nhn ring l v c o, ngoi knh phn phi truyn thng ny, a phn cc knh
phn phi u mi xut hin cng vi s bng n ca cng ngh thng tin nh: Phone
Banking-dch v ngn hng qua in thoi, Internet Banking, Mobile Banking. Mng
li ATM cn cho php s dng cc th tn dng quc t do cc t chc quc t pht
hnh nh Visa Card, Master Card, American express... ti Vit Nam.
Tuy nhin, cc dch v ny cn rt hn ch do trnh d cng ngh thng tin
cha pht trin cng nh trnh nhn lc cha p ng c mc phc tp ca
cc sn phm, dch v mi v khai thc cc sn phm dch v ny mt cch c hiu
qu.
Trang 31
Cng vi qu trnh th ha, cng nghip ha, cng ngh thng tin pht
trin rt nhanh tc ng rt ln n i sng ca nhn dn v nhn thc trong qun
l kinh doanh. Trong thi gian va qua cng ngh chng t tm quan trng c
bit i vi ngnh ngn hng, nh p dng cc sn phm cng ngh thng tin hin i
- Core Banking -m cc ngn hng c th thng nht h thng ti khon ca khch
hng trn ton quc nhm p ng yu cu c th giao dch ti bt k chi nhnh no
ca khch hng, ng thi phn mm mi cho php pht trin nhanh chng cc sn
phm tin ch nh Phone banking, home- Banking, Internet Banking, dch v th ...
Cng ngh phn mm T24 ca Temenos c kh nng thc hin ti 1000 giao
dch/giy, cng lc cho php 110.000 ngi truy cp v qun tr ti 50 triu ti khon
c nhiu ngn hng tip cn.
Tuy nhin, tnh trng ng dng cng ngh thng tin hin i trong qun l ca
khi NHTMCP cn thp so vi cc NHNNg. Vic s dng website ch yu qung
b thng hiu v thng tin sn phm, dch v, vic cp nht s" liu cn chm tr,
vic giao dch trc tip ton h thng gp nhiu trc trc do ng truyn, thit b kt
nl ca cc chi nhnh ... s d cn tn ti tnh trng nh trn l do chi ph pht trin
cng ngh thng tin tng i ln, nn ch c mt s" ngn hng ln mi trin khai
ng dng. Nh Sacombank u t khong 4 triu USD cho vic ng dng h thng
Trang 32
Core Banking, VIB Bank cng mt hng triu USD hon thnh d n h thng
ngn hng a nng SYMBOL do hng System Access (Singapore) cung cp, MB
tuyn b" ng dng thnh cng Core Banking T24, NH ng , u t mnh vo
cng ngh ATM thng minh... Hn na thi gian t khi u thu n khi s dng
cng ngh Core - Banking mt kh nhiu thi gian, do vy thng hay b li thi so
vi nh cung ng. Nguyn nhn quan trng na h tng k thut ca Vit Nam cn
nhiu hn ch", tnh n nh ca ng truyn khng cao.
Nh vy, cng ngh thng tin cho ngnh ngn hng cn kh hn ch", iu ny
nh hng n chin lc thit k" sn phm dch v ca ngnh ngn hng, nh
hng n kh nng cnh tranh ca khi ngn hng Vit nam ni chung v khi
NHTMCP ni ring trong qu trnh cnh tranh vi cc NHNNg.
2.3 Nhng thun li v kh khn vi khi NHTMCP 2.3.1
Nhng thun li
H thng ngn hng Vit nam c s tng trng rt nhanh trong nhng nm
qua vi tc tng trng bnh qun 35%/nm. Bn cnh thnh tch v tng trng,
hiu qu hot ng ca cc ngn hng thng mi cng c nng ln mt cch r
nt, c bit l khi NHTMCP. Nm 2007 t l ROA ca ton h thng t 1,51%,
ROE t 16,42%, so vi mc trung bnh trong khu vc ln lt l 1,18% v 16,47%.
T l n xu (NPL) ca ton h thng ngn hng trong nc gim t 14% trong
nm 2006 xung 3% trong nm 2007, tnh theo chun mc k ton Quc T (IFRS) t
l ny ln lt l 30% nm 2006 v 6% nm 2007. Tuy t l n xu gim mnh nhng
hin nay vn cao so vi mc 0,06% ca cc chi nhnh NHNNg ti Vit Nam.
So vi NHTMQD th kh nng sinh li ca khi NHTMCP tt hn mc d chi ph
Trang 33
10.200 26.241
1.056
3.366
228,3%
VP
10.11118.137
836
2.181
5.007 13.287
51,9%
165,4%
HBB
11.68523.519
1.756
3.179
5.983
79,7%
57,4%
DongA
12.04027.425
1.531
3.229
7.971 17.809
33,7%
123,4%
MB
13.52927.777
1.366
3.337
5.906 10.386
37,3%
75,9%
VIB
16.52739.305
1.190
2.183
9.137 16.744
73,1%
83,3%
TCB
17.32639.542
1.762
3.573
8.811 20.603
63,8%
133,8%
EXB
18.32733.710
1.947
47,5%
80,8%
STB
24.77664.573
2.870
70,8%
145,8%
ACB
44.64585.392
1.654
81,3%
87%
T.Bnh
16.571 36.618
1.560
3.948
79,2% 153,4%
9.419
8.084 17.435
Chng
ca cc NHTMCPNIM
Vit Nam
Ngn 2 Thc trng
ROAnng lc cnh tranh
ROE
hng
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
Trang 34
CAR
2006
2007
ABB
3,1%
1,6%
8,4%
8,8%
4,1%
3,3%
SEAB
1,2%
1,6%
14,6%
13,5%
2,5%
2,8%
1,45% 1,65%
19,5%
15,0%
3,0%
3,5%
26,0% 21,0%
14,0%
13,6% 14,4%
VP
HBB
DongA
2,2%
1,6%
2,1%
1,7%
17,2%
14,3%
14,8%
14,0%
2,7%
3,1%
3,7%
3,0%
MB
1,9%
1,7%
21,1%
15,3%
4,0%
3,1%
VIB
1,1%
1,1%
16,4%
18,3%
3,3%
2,7%
TCB
1,8%
1,8%
18,5%
19,1%
3,4%
3,4%
EXB
1,7%
1,8%
18,6%
11,2%
2,8%
3,1%
STB
ACB
2,4%
1,5%
3,1%
2,7%
19,8%
34,5%
27,4%
44,5%
4,4%
2,7%
3,2%
2,3%
11,8% 11,1%
10,9% 16,2%
T.Bnh
1,8%
1,9%
18,5%
18,4%
3,3%
3,1%
15,3% 14,5%
10,0%
H thng ngn hng thng mi Vit nam ni chung v khi ngn hng
thng mi c phn ni ring c nhiu li th t u i ca mi trng php lut
so vi cc ngn hng nc ngoi trong qu trnh kinh doanh ti Vit Nam. Cc chi
nhnh NHNNg b hn ch v vic m rng qui m hot ng, huy ng tin gi
trong dn c,... nhm to iu kin thun li cho cc ngn hng ni a pht trin
nhanh gia tng nng lc cnh tranh trc khi cc hn ch b bi b. ng thi
NHNN cng ban hnh Quyt nh mi v Qui ch thnh lp v hot
ng ngn hng c phn theo hng cht ch hn, yu cu cao hn v vn ca cc t
chc gp vn, thi gian nm gi ca cc c ng sng lp,., nhm hn ch bt s
lng ngn hng thnh lp mi m bo n nh cho h thng ngn hng. Hn na,
cc qui nh v vic thnh lp ngn hng 100% vn nc ngoi cng gp nhiu kh
Trang 35
khn v iu kin v ti sn, thi gian hot ng ca ngn hng m... y cng l
nhng h tr ca Chnh Ph bo v cc ngn hng ni trc s cnh tranh ngy
cng khc lit ca th trng ti chnh - ngn hng.
2.3.2 Nhng kh khn ca khi NHTMCP
Trong h thng ngn hng hin nay c 30 ngn hng trin khai pht hnh
th vi khong 130 thng hiu th khc nhau trong 54% l thng hiu th ni
a. Cc ngn hng khng ngng u t vo h tng k thut cho hot ng th,
tnh n thng 11/2007 bao gm 4.280 ATM, 22. 959 POS, cc lin minh th bao
gm: Cng ty Smartlink c 25 thnh vin vi 2.056 ATM chim 48%, 17.502
POS/EDC chim 57%; lin minh th ng c 5 thnh vin tham gia vi 783 my
ATM chim 18%, 1.682 my POS/EDC chim 7%, Cng ty CP chuyn mnh ti
chnh quc gia Banknetvn c 2654 my ATM chim 62%, 10.458 my POS/EDC
chim 46%.
Va qua mi c Banknetvn v Smartlink k kt vic hn kt s dng giao dch
my ATM ln nhau gia hai h thng, tuy nhin vic kt ni cn qu nhiu hn ch v
Trang 36
Ri ro tn dng
2006
2007
Qu 1/2008
ACB
38,1%
37,3%
40,5%
Sacombank
58,1%
54,8%
55,1%
Techcombank
50,9%
52,1%
55,2%
Trang 37
ng Bank
66,2%
64,9%
72,9%
Military Bank
43,7%
37,4%
45,5%
VIB Bank
55,3%
42,6%
54,6%
Eximbank
55,7%
54,7%
N/A
Habubank
51,2%
40,1%
56,2%
VP Bank
49,5%
73,3%
72,0%
AB Bank
36,3%
39,9%
44,2%
Seabank
33,0%
42,1%
N/A
Trang 38
2006
2007
ABB
3,9%
2,0%
HBB
2,6%
2,5%
DongA
MB
0,8%
2,8%
0,4%
1,1%
TCB
3,1%
1,4%
EXB
0,8%
0,9%
STB
0,7%
0,2%
ACB
0,2%
0,1%
(a)
(i)
din, chi
mi lin
Trang 39
(ii)
i din,
cng ty cho thu ti chnh hn doanh v cng ty cho thu ti chnh 100% vn
u t nc ngoi.
(b)
php
nh
800%
vn
php
nh
900%
vn
php
nh
cp;
vn
cp;
650%
cp;
(ii)
Trang 40
i vi vic tham gia gp vn di hnh thc mua c phn, tng s" c phn
do cc th nhn v php nhn nc ngoi nm gi ti mi ngn hng thng
mi c phn Vit Nam khng c vt qu 30% vn iu l ca ngn hng,
tr khi php lut Vit Nam c qui nh khc hoc c s cho php ca c
quan c thm quyn ca Vit Nam.
(d)
(e)
(a)
(b)
(c)
2.5
Chng
2 Thc
trngv
nng
cnhnh
tranhi
cavi
ccNHTM
NHTMCP Vit Nam
Trang 41
Bng
2.11
Qui nh
vnlcphp
STT
Mc v"n php nh p dng cho
Loi hnh t chc tn dng
n nm
2008
3.000 t ng
2010
3.000 t ng
1.000 t ng
3.000 t ng
1.000 t ng
3.000 t ng
1.000 t ng
3.000 t ng
Chng
trng nng
lc cnh
cc NHTMCP Vit Nam
Bng
2.122 :Thc
VNIndex
v khi
lngtranh
giaoca
dch
Nm
VNIndex
Trang 42
Gi tr giao dch
(triu ng)
2000
207
3.641.000
90.214
2001
235
19.028.200
964.019
2002
183
35.715.939
959.329
2003
167
28.074.150
502.022
2004
239
76.393.008
2.003.868
2005
308
120.959.797
3.040.370
2006
752
643.281.249
38.175.024
2007
927,02
2.008. 535.798
205.732.389
Trang 43
Trong thi gian st nng ca th trng chng khon, c phiu ngn hng c
nh u t nh gi rt cao. c phiu ngn hng lun c cc nh u t sn mua rt
nhiu, c u i c bit hn so vi nhiu loi c phiu tim nng trn th trng.
Kt qu kinh doanh y n tng ca cc ngn hng trong nm 2006, 2007 l nguyn
nhn khin gi c phiu ngn hng tip tc gi v tr cao trong nhng loi hng ha c
gi tr nht trn th trng chng khon. Ngoi sc hp dn t hot ng kinh doanh
ngn hng khng ngng tng trng nhanh vi mc li nhun n tng th yu t nh
u t chin lc nc ngoi tham gia mua c phn ca cc ngn hng cng l yu
Trang 44
Trang 45
9.000
10.000
ng Bank
26.000
27.000
Eximbank
20.000
21.000
Habubank
12.000
13.000
Military Bank
14.500
16.000
Marit Bank
8.500
9.000
Ocean Bank
12.000
13.000
Southern Bank
13.000
14.000
SaigonBank
10.500
11.000
Saigon-Hanoi Bank
Techcombank
6.800
22.500
7.200
23.000
Vietcombank
38.000
38.500
VIB Bank
13.000
14.000
VP Bank
10.000
11.000
Trang 46
Trang 47
Trang 48
2.7.1 Tnh hnh thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng ti Vit nam trc 2004
Trang 49
hng Vit Hoa, ng thi Ngn hng Vit Hoa tng v"n t 70,5 t ng ln 200 t
ng.
Nm 1999, NHTMCP ng mua li NHTMCP T Gic Long Xuyn, tng vn
iu l v m rng a bn hot ng v ng bng sng Cu Long. Nm 2003,
NHTMCP Tn Hip sp nhp vo NHTMCP ng , nng vn iu l ln 253 t
ng.
Nm 2003 Ngn hng TMCP Qu c cc c ng mi tip qun ti cu trc sau
mt thi gian di c NHNN qun ch di ch c bit, sau i tn thnh
NHTMCP Si Gn (SCB) nh by gi.
2.7.2 Tnh hnh mua li c phn ti cc NHTMCP Vit Nam trong thi gian
gn y
Trang 50
hoch thm nhp th trng ti chnh Vit Nam. Mc ch chnh ca cc ngn hng,
cc t chc ti chnh nc ngoi l tn dng mng li chi nhnh v mng li khch
hng rng khp ca cc NHTMCP ni a, qua va tip cn, tm hiu va c c
hi khin khch hng quen thuc vi sn phm ca mnh, nm bt dn dn th trng
y tim nng ny trc khi thm nhp hon ton. Tuy nhin, vi tim lc ti chnh,
tnh chuyn nghip v hin i ca mnh, cng khng loi tr kh nng cc t chc ti
chnh ln nc ngoi mun thc hin cc v thu tm v sp nhp cc NHTMCPVN
v y ang l nhng bc i u tin.
Trong nm 2005, HSBC (ngn hng ln nht chu u) v ANZ (ngn hng
cung cp tn dng ln th 3 ti Australia) b ra tng ng 17,3 triu USD v 27
triu USD mua 10% c phn ti Techcombank v Sacombank.
Sacombank hin c IFC, Dragon Capital v ANZ l 3 nh u t nc ngoi,
mi nh u t nm gi 10% c phn.
Mc d vy, khng c ngha ANZ khng th tng thm phn vn gp bi khi
Sacombank pht hnh thm c phiu tng vn iu l, ANZ c th mua thm v
thay i t l nm gi nu cc nh u t nc ngoi khc l IFC v Dragon Capital
khng mua thm.
HSBC PUC s tr thnh ngn hng nc ngoi u tin ti Vit Nam s hu
20% c phn ca mt ngn hng trong nc khi nng c phn s hu ti
Techcombank t 14,4% ln 20% vi tng gi tr 1.272 t ng (tng ng 77,1
triu USD), HSBC mun s dng Techcombank pht trin h thng ATM v tn
dng tiu dng.
Ngy 16/7/2008, Thng c Ngn hng Nh nc chp thun cho SeABank
c bn c phn cho nh u t chin lc nc ngoi l Ngn hng Socit
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Thi gian va qua, Mirae Asset Securities c d nh mun mua 15% c phn
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Theo danh sch xp hng ca Qu Tin T Quc t, GDP bnh qun u ngi
ca Vit Nam c xp hng th 123/180 quc gia v vng lnh th trn th gii. Thu
nhp thp, dn s ng (hn 84 triu ngi), tng gi tr GDP t khong 65 t USD
nhng c nc c 36 NHTMCP, 05 NHTMQD, 37 chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi,
5 ngn hng lin doanh v 01 ngn hng chnh sch. Do nc ta c qu nhiu ngn
hng trong khi cha c ngn hng thc s mnh, cc ngn hng pht trin
qu nhanh theo chiu rng, m rng qui m, mng li huy ng vn dn n cc
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ngn hng cnh tranh quyt lit vi nhau nh cuc ua v li sut tin gi, tranh
ginh khch hng doanh nghip cung cp tn dng nhng li khng u t mnh
vo cc sn phm tin ch. Do vic m rng qui m qu nhanh dn n thiu nhn s
tr ct lm cho cng tc qun tr ngn hng khng theo kp qui m pht trin, ri ro
h thng ngn hng ni chung v ri ro tn dng khng c kim sot cht ch s
dn n vic l dn nhng ngn hng yu km, n xu cao, hiu qu kinh doanh thp,
tnh thanh khon b khng hong. Thi im 06 thng cui nm 2008 li nhun ca
cc ngn hng s b suy gim r nt do nh hng ca lm pht, chnh sch tin t
tht cht v suy gim kinh t t nhng thng u nm, hn na, trong iu kin lm
pht cc doanh nghip gp nhiu kh khn trong vic huy ng vn cho sn xut kinh
doanh, chi ph tng cao, sn lng sn xut gim dn n hiu qu kinh doanh gim
st, kh nng chi tr li vay, n gc s gim thp, ng thi thi im cui nm s l
thi im o hn ca nhiu hp ng vay vn ti tr cho bt ng sn nn n xu s
tng cao.
Hn na, cc NHTMCP mun tng nng lc ti chnh bng cch tng vn iu
l nhng thi im nm 2008 th trng chng khon c nhng din bin xu, c
phiu ngn hng khng cn c nh gi l c phiu vua nh hi nm 2006 2007, mt s" c phiu ca NHTMCP xung di mc mnh gi. Trong khi y
ban chng khon Nh nc kim sot cht ch vic cho bn c phiu ra cng chng
cho nn cc NHTMCP u gp kh khi tng vn. Do vy cc NHTMCP chn con
ng tng vn iu l bng cch chia thng d vn c phn, chia c tc bng c
phiu v bn c phn cho i tc chin lc l cc ngn hng nc ngoi, mt s"
NHTMCP bn cho i tc l ngn hng nc ngoi ln n 20% vn iu l vi k
vng cc ngn hng nc ngoi s gip NHTMCP Vit Nam v qun tr ngn hng,
thay i cng ngh, o to... tuy nhin, n thi im ny hiu qu ca vic h tr
khng c nh k vng. Nhng mc tiu ca cc ngn hng nc ngoi th li hon
ton khc, do n nm 2010 th trng ti chnh ca Vit Nam mi m ca hon ton
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cho nn cc ngn hng nc ngoi mun s dng cc ngn hng Vit Nam trin
khai cc sn phm ca mnh trn th trng Vit Nam n mt thi gian cho php h
s tm cch thu tm quyn kim sot ngn hng Vit Nam. So vi con ng thnh
lp ngn hng lin doanh hoc ngn hng 100% vn nc ngoi th con ng tr
thnh i tc chin lc ti cc NHTMCP Vit Nam ca cc ngn hng nc ngoi t
ra kh khn ngoan v hiu qu. ng thi mt s NHTMCP Vit Nam cng ang tm
kim i tc chin lc l cc ngn hng nc ngoi nh SeaBank mi ngh Ngn
hng nh nc cho php bn 15% vn iu l cho i tc nc ngoi l Socit
Gnrale ca Php.
V vy, thay v tng cng tm kim i tc chin lc l cc ngn hng nc
ngoi, tng cng m rng th trng thng qua vic thnh lp cc chi nhnh, phng
giao dch mi s tn rt nhiu thi gian v chi ph mi c th t c mc tiu ra
cc NHTMCP Vit Nam nn nghin cu tm kim la chn ngn hng mc tiu
nhm thu tm v sp nhp to nn mt ngn hng ln mnh nng lc ti chnh v
qui m tr thnh tp on ti chnh vng mnh cnh tranh li vi cc ngn hng
nc ngoi.
Thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng l xu th ln ca ngnh ngn hng v ti
chnh trn th gii song hng cng vi qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t. Tc ng
ca qu trnh ton cu ha phi k n thnh cng ca cc ngn hng
Trung Quc trong qu trnh hi nhp v khng nh nng lc cnh tranh ca mnh
bng con ng thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng. Vo thi im u thng 6 nm
2008, China Merchants Bank - Thm Quyn Trung Quc b ra 4,7 t USD ln gp
gn ba ln gi tr s sch ca Wing Lung Bank ca HngKng thu tm ngn hng
ny. China Merchants vt qua hai i th khc trong cuc ua thu tm ngn
hng Wing Lung Bank l Ngn hng cng thng Trung Quc v Ngn hng ANZ
ca Australia v New Zealand.
Mt th d in hnh khc na Chu l thng v sp nhp gia ngn
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hng UFJ v Mitsibishi Tokyo cho ra i Ngn hng MUFG, ngn hng ln nht th
gii, c cho l c tc ng lm chm dt cuc khng hong ngn hng Nht Bn
thi k 2005. Thc t ti thi im h thng ti chnh ca Nht Bn hot ng
ch, do cc ngn hng vn phi gnh chu nhng khon cho vay xu chng cht v
nhu cu vay mi gim ng k t khi th trng chng khon v bt ng sn bong
bng sp hi u nhng nm 1990. Tng khon n xu ca Misubishi Tokyo - UFJ
c tnh l 5.300 t yn, trong khi Sumitomo Mitsui l 3.300 t yn v Mizuho 3.200
t yn. Fn na, mc d hot ng kinh doanh ca nhiu ngn hng Nht Bn c
tin b nhng cc ngn hng ny vn khng c li trong cc giao dch vi cc ngn
hng M v Chu u. Do , vic tip qun UFJ - ngn hng hot ng c li t nht
trong 4 i gia ca Nht Bn bi ngn hng Misubishi Tokyo, vn c nh gi l
ngn hng mnh nht hin nay, l mt du hiu tch cc trong n lc ci thin h
thng ti chnh trong nc. Theo cc nh phn tch, v sp nhp ny s lm gim bt
nguy c ph sn ca UFJ v ng thi khi phc lng tin cho ngi dn. Ngay khi
thng tin v trin vng ca v sp nhp c cng b", c phiu ca UFJ tng 11%
ln 522.000 yn/c phiu (4.823 USD/c phiu) v c phiu ca Mitsubishi cng
tng ln 7,4% ln
1,3 triu yn (9.516 USD/c phiu). Theo nhn nh ca cc chuyn gia kinh t c
quan chng khon ING Tokyo, v sp nhp ny thc s c th mang li li ch
nhiu hn cc cuc sp nhp trc . Nm 2003, UFJ b thua l khong
3.7 t USD v dng nh ngn hng ln th 4 Nht Bn ny khng c kh nng p
ng c mc tiu theo yu cu ca Chnh Ph l gim mt na s" cho vay xu 34,5
t USD vo thng 3 nm 2005. Cn i vi Mitsubishi Tokyo, mua c UFJ ng
ngha vi vic s hu mt ngn hng c h thng khch hng l c nhn v doanh
nghip va v nh. Mitsubishi Tokyo, l ngn hng mnh nht Nht Bn c h thng
khch hng l cc tp on ln c tr s ti th Tokyo c bit cc cng ty con ca
tp on Mitsubishi l khch hng truyn thng. Hn na, s a dng ha cc ngun
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Kt lun chng 2
Chng 3 Gii php thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam
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Trc khi thc hin cng vic tm kim v nh gi ngn hng mc tiu,
ngn hng thu tm phi xc nh r tiu chun tm kim mc tiu ca mnh, cng
nh nh hng chin lc di hn lng ha cc tiu chun, chng hn nh
mun m rng mng li hot ng, mun c i ng nhn s chuyn mn cao,
cht lng tt, mun c h thng khch hng a dng hn, mun tng vn iu
l,... Khi xc nh r c tiu chun ca mnh, ngn hng thu tm s lm vic vi
n v mi gii v t vn chuyn nghip v hot ng thu tm v sp nhp doanh
nghip (cng ty chng khon hoc ngn hng u t, cc t chc t vn chuyn
nghip ...) k hp ng mi gii v t vn thu tm v sp nhp. Cc nh mi
gii v t vn chuyn nghip s gip ngn hng trong sut qu trnh thc hin vic
thu tm v sp nhp. T vic tm kim ngn hng mc tiu n vic thm tra nh
Chng 3 Gii php thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam
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nhng t chc ny c phng thng tin d liu (data room), sau ngn hng thu
tm ngh cung cp thm thng tin v ngn hng mc tiu nh: h thng khch
hng, c cu sn phm dch v, c cu vn c phn, cc im giao dch, c cu
nhn s...
Qu trnh xem xt thm tra cn trng mc tiu tim nng c hai vn ct
li cn thm nh trong thng v thu tm v sp nhp l: tnh trng ti chnh v
tnh trng php l ca ngn hng mc tiu, v vic thm nh tnh trng ti sn s
nh gi c mc cng nh qui m hot ng, tnh trng n nn, hiu qu hot
ng kinh doanh ... t nh gi c gi tr ca cng ty mc tiu mc bao
nhiu. Thm nh php l nhm mc ch tm hiu v tnh trng php l ca cc ti
sn do ngn hng mc tiu ang s hu, mc tun th php lut, cc vn
php l m ngn hng mc tiu c th gp phi.
Mt trong nhng c s quan trng thm nh tnh trng ti chnh l bo
co kim ton. Ngn hng thu tm phi thu nhng n v kim ton c uy tn ca
nc ngoi kim ton th mc tin cy mi m bo. v kha cnh php l th
cn thit c s tham gia ca cc vn phng lut s c uy tn gip cho ngn hng
thu tm hiu r t cch php l, cc quyn v ngha v hp php ca ngn hng
mc tiu, ch php l i vi cc loi ti sn, hp ng i vi ngi lao ng,
ch ha n chng t, h s t ai, xy dng, u t...
Cng tc thm d tm kim c thc hin bng vic thng qua n v t
vn, h s c phng d liu thng tin gip cho ngn hng thu tm tm hiu v
cc mc tiu c sn, nu ph hp vi cc tiu ch ca ngn hng thu tm th s tin
hnh nh gi, kho st mc tiu.
Vic nh gi ngn hng mc tiu cng rt quan trng, c bit l vn
xy dng cc ch tiu nh gi, chng hn nh: ROA, ROE, Li nhun bin t,
d n tn dng/tng ti sn, t trng doanh thu, li nhun ca cc sn phm dch
Chng 3 Gii php thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam
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v, thu nhp tnh theo s lng khch hng, trnh hc vn v trnh kinh
nghim ca i ng nhn s, th phn huy ng vn, th phn cho vay...
3.1.2 Xy dng tiu ch la chn ngn hng mc tiu ph hp vi thc t
dch rng khp cc tnh thnh ph" trn c nc, tuy nhin mt s" vng nng thn
th ch c r"t t im giao dch ca cc NHTMQD, do vic pht trin cc sn
phm v th, cho vay h kinh doanh c th, cc c nhn khng th pht trin bng
khu vc thnh th. i vi cc ngn hng nh chuyn i t ngn hng nng thn
th a s" c mng li giao dch mt s" a phng no nh Ngn hng
TMCP Vit Nam Thng Tn th hot ng tnh Sc Trng l th" mnh, Ngn
hng TMCP i Dng trc y khi chuyn i thnh ngn hng th th lnh
vc hot ng ch yu tnh Hi Hng (nay l Hi Dng v Hng Yn), Ngn
Chng 3 Gii php thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam
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ngn hng ang tr nn khan him, nhn s trung v cao cp thiu trm trng, v
th bi ton v ngun nhn s l nhng vn nhc nhi cho cc ngn hng. Vic
pht trin qu nhanh mng li, vic thm nhp ca cc ngn hng nc ngoi vo
th trng ti chnh ngn hng Vit Nam ngy cng nhiu to nn p lc cnh tranh
cho cc NHTM Vit Nam ni chung v khi NHTMCP Vit Nam ni ring. T
cc NHTMCP u xy dng chin lc m rng mng li giao dch, pht trin
sn phm mi lm cho vic tuyn dng nhn s tr nn kh khn hn bao gi ht,
c bit l nhn s trung v cao cp. Do vy, gii bi ton nhn s cc
NHTMCP thng cu ngi ca nhau hoc ca NHTMQD, ngun lc nhn s
ti chnh tng ln khng ng k m ch yu dch chuyn t ngn hng ny qua
ngn hng khc t to nn cc din kh khn v nhn s cho ton b h thng
ngn hng Vit Nam. Hn na, cc ngn hng mun pht trin sn phm mi u
phi c nhn s nghin cu v trin khai, th nhng ngun nhn s c kinh
nghim t nhng sn phm ti ngn hng th li khng c hoc khng , nn
cc ngn hng cng phi tm kim v li ko v t cc ngn hng khc. Do vy,
mc tiu ngun nhn s c th c cc ngn hng xc nh l tiu ch thu tm
v sp nhp khi ngn hng thu tm c tim lc v ti chnh pht trin nhng
thiu ht ngun nhn s trung v cao cp. Hoc do cc ngn hng nh, thiu i
ng nhn s iu hnh ngn hng ca mnh vt qua cc cuc cnh tranh ngy
cng khc lit th con ng sp nhp vi ngn hng ln s c cn nhc n.
Chng 3 Gii php thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam
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Chng 3 Gii php thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam
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on, Tng cng ty, cc doanh nghip ln th th phn cho vay l khch hng c
nhn s rt thp. Do vy, cc ngn hng ln thng tm kim cc ngn hng nh
hn, c nng lc v cho vay c nhn khai thc i tng l cn b cng nhn
vin cc Tp on, Tng cng ty, doanh nghip ln. ng thi ngn hng nh c
th phn v cho vay cc doanh nghip nh v va s tn dng c khch hng l
cc cng ty thnh vin ca Tp on, Tng cng ty, hoc cc doanh nghip l khch
hng ca ngn hng nh khi c nhu cu vn ti tr cho cc d n ln th ngn
hng nh kh p ng v vn v kh nng thm nh, th l c hi cho cc ngn
hng ln pht trin h thng khch hng ca mnh. Do vy, trong iu kin cnh
tranh ngy cng gay gt nh hin nay, cc NHTMCP nn la chn mc tiu l h
thng khch hng thc hin hot ng thu tm v sp nhp ca mnh.
3.1.3 Tip xc thng tho vi Ban iu hnh ngn hng mc tiu
Chng 3 Gii php thu tm v sp nhp ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam
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