: HARDNESS TEST OBJECTIVE To investigate the hardness -anc-tensitestrength of different metallic materials by using Rockwali bpardness test and Brinell harciness test THEORY . 5 7 Hardness is a measure of a materials resistance'to localized plastic déformation {¢ 8. a small dent or $ ‘a scratch). Rockwell end Brinell are popular hardness testing techniques In a hardness.test, a small indenter is forced into the surface of mraterial to be lested and the depih or size of the resulting indentation is measured, which in tum is related to a hardness number. The softer the material, the larger and deeper is the indentation, and the lower the hardness number. Tensile strength is proportional to hardness as both of the quantities are indicators of resistance to plastic defozmation DES ‘CRIPTION OF APPARATUS Sea ee ha6 7. 3 Choose a test fores according to the % Place the test piece on anvil (5) af PROCEDURE Attention Jnsccuracies will be resulted i an indentation is made too near @ 9 {0 one snother indentation. Keep a distance between indentation and edge of specimen or bi Faroe aetétions for at least three Simin, Bach indenter ic only suitable to be used at certain t foros. The indenter would be damaged if extremely high test fore is chosen ness Test ‘Hela: Seip aametin tt sak act The Rockwelt hardness test nethod hardened stee! ball indent Rockwell H; consists of indenting the test materiel ‘with a diamond cone or requirement ofthe test, Shoulder ‘ofthe main rod, Set serew (7) is tig the right side of the frame is elevating handwheel (3) until the handwheel (3) when the test screen coincides with the is not more than 5 divisions). Acijust the adjusting knob (11) utider the eredusted plete will exactly coincide Binor load of 98.07 N OksE)is applied. Pull control hardle (2) to apply. mmaii backward slowly and stops at 4 ‘ilpression consisting of the el; represent the hardness number Push the control handle (5) applied ont le tratisverse Remove the test piece after lowering the anvil. Make 3 indentetions on exch specimens: lose to the center of the speciin {close to edge of the specimens, Gd) iB between denis of @) endian) 7 559. the average Rockwell herdness valuesBrinell Hardness Test (Hew ) hy i ue the caplet 5 mm diameter ‘The Brinell hardness test method consists of indent ied steel of carbide ball subjested to a load of | Repeat steps 1 ~ 4 in the Rockwell hardness test Pll control handle (2) to apply the loed slowly. The scale on the projection sereen moves backward slowly and stops at ¢ certain position. Push the control handle (2) backward to remove the load Remove the test piece after lowering the anvil {Use @ readout microscope to measure the dismeier ofthe indentation d ‘The Brinell hardness number is determined by: 2P. Hp=—_2F__ aD ~VD? - a} Where Dis the diameter of the ball indenter in mm and P is the applied load in kef, 0 te the gmallect Aeneas io He boll ® fue the pect where hove no- mark ® Adfet he hh to coring out ® Poe 2 jon } Cheek He diameter’ C p, /D>) © Hew eadlng : ® Take of hos} 2 reading ¢RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS Rockwell Hardness Test HRA HRA @ TG) TG) | Average) | [Aluminum | Beet Copper | I | Stainless | Steel pe Ts Brinell Hardness Test Load P= 187.5 kgf Diameter of indenter D= _ mm EB Aluminum Copper Steel Stainless eomlieee 6} DISCUSSION L Compare the hardness afid-tensite-sizensth of aluminum, copper and stainless steel based on Rockwell and Brinell hardness test results, respectively. ‘What are the possible two causes for the discrepancy in the hardness of the inner and outer regions of the specimens? Give two advantageous and two limitations of Brinell hardness test as compared to Rockwell hardness testAttachment 1: Hardness Testing Techn Indenter HB = a aDID — VDP = #| DAY P ay (& HY = 1.854P/d} fy HK © 14.22% Rockwell steel spheres,Attachment 2: Hardness Conversion 10,000 E 5,000 }- 2,000 L-1,000 f= 1000 c F 800 ii E 800 500 400 r 110 300 i 100 200 f 200 80 - 100 eee Knoop hardness L 40 c 20 oO j- 50 Rockwell B 20 L-10 Cs Brinell hardness 80 60 20 ° Rockwell ic Diamond 10 Corundum or | sapphire 9 Nitrided steels yo g Cutting tools | Quartz 7 File hard Orthoclase 6 Apatite 4 5 Easily machined steels Fluorite} 4 Calcite 3 Brasses and aluminum alloys Gypsum] 2 Most plastics Taict1