UEMELI22 Materials Science
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UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Faculty Faculty of Engineering and Unit Code |: [UBMEII22
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Course Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) |_| Unit Title : | Materials Science
Mee Sngineering
Chemical Engineering
____|_| Materials & Manufacturing Eng |_| Es aoe
Year/ Year | Semester 1 Lecturers Dr. Gulnaziya Issabayeva
Semester Dr Loh Han Chern
Session cee
‘i ae Is Chow Tze Jen
TITLE:
Jominy End-Quench Test
OBJECTIVE: To determin
the hardenability of a carbon steel arckemstley-steek
THEORY
given heat treatment. [Lis a qualitative measure of the rate at which hardness drops off with distance into
the interior of a specimen as a result of diminished martensite content
With the Jominy end-quench test, except for alloy composition, a cylindrical specimen is austenitized
ind upon removal from the furnace, the lower end is quenched by a jet of water. The cooling rate is a
maximum al the qrenched end and diminishes with position from this point along the length of the
specimen With diminishing cooling rate more time is allowed for carbon diffusion and the formation of
® greater portion of the sofler pearlite or bainite, A sicel alloy that is highly hardenable will retain large
hardness values for iclatively long distance
. The presence of nickel, chromium, and molybdenum in the
Moy steels delay the anstenite-to-pearlite and/or bainite reactions, thus permitting, more martensite 10
form fora particular cooling rate.
(he cooling rate of a specimen depends on the rate of heat energy extraction, which is a function of the
characteristies of th
ducuching, medium in contact with the specimen surface, as well as the specimen
we and geometry, During the quenching of a steel specimen, heat energy must be transported to the
surface belove it can be dissipated into the quenching medium. As a consequence, the cooling rate within
and throughout the interior of a steel structure varies with position and depends on the geometry and
size.
Hardenability is the ability of an alloy to be hardened by the formation of martensite as a result of aTOP ee ee rete, er ae ee eee es
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Cylindrical bars quenched Cylindrical bars quenched
in mildly agitated water in mildly agitated oil
DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS
Furnace
Operation Principles
The furnace chamber incorporates a heating element that is embedded into the side walls and top and
back of heating chamber. The ceramic fiber oval muffle with four heating surfaces creates even heat
distribution within the chamber. The temperature is controlled by a microprocessor controller with a
type K Chromel/Alumel Thermocouple. A fan is provided in the furnace to provide forced air cooling
for the temperature controller. A door safety switch removes power to the heating elements whenever
the furnace door is opened.UEMEII22 Materials Science
_< Microprocessor Controller
single setpoint control
provides a single digital display to indicate the current chamber
{emperature or setpoint temperature. When the controller is tumed ON it will perform a short self-test
and then display the furnace temperature. To view the setpoint temperature, press and release the UP or
DOWN button, Setpoint temperature can be changed by continue pressing until the desired setpoint
femperanie os diplayed and then release the button. A few seconds after the bution is released, the
‘accept the now value and revert to display the furnace temperature.
controler sill
C
Re sure ambient temperature does not exceed 40°C. Ambients above this level may result in damage (o
the controller. Allow at least six inches of space between the furnace and any combustible surface. This
permits the heat fiern the surtace case to escape so as not to create a possible fire hazard.
Do not we an the presence of flammable or combustible chemicals.
device contains components that may ignite such materials.
to avoid burns, this furnace must not be touched on the exterior
of for a period of time after use.
fre or explosion may result; this
or interior furnace surfaces during, use
Rockwell Hardness Tester
The Rockwell Hardnes
‘eale of HRC is used. For HRC, a diamond cone indenter and a major load of
150 kg are used. A V-block is used for mounting of the specimens which are of cylindrical shape.
Jominy Test FixtureUEMEL122 Materials Science
Wier spray (24%) —>-'
fic specimen is an alloy steel, grade 7225.
2OCEDURE
| Put steel specimen into the furnace and set the temperature to 900°C.
2.Make sure that the furnace door is properly closed and keep the specimens in the furnace for 2
hours.
3 Withdraw the steel specimen from the furnace and then mount the specimen in the Jominy test
fixture.
{f. Open the control valve and quench the specimen with a jet of water for 15 minutes.
-§.Take out the specimen from the Jominy test fixture and let it cooled to room temperature.
_G- Grind a shallow flat of about 0.5 mm deep along the specimen length.
2 Perform Rockwell hardness test along the ground flat.
ESULTS AND CALCULATIONS,
A
lloy Steel AISI 7 We.
tiDind) "2
Distance from
Juenched End’ Hardness
(mm) (HRC)
2 es Sy
6
10
4
20
26
3
38
44
50
CTSs Tea)
Pht, on a same diagram, the hardnéss (HRC) versus the distance from quench end for each of the steel
ecimens.UEMEI122 Materials Science
"USSION AND CONCLUSION
. Compare the hardenability of carbon stee! and alloy steel.
. A cylindrical piece of 1040 steel is to be austenitized and quenched in moderately agitated water. If
the hardness at the three quarter radius (%4R) of the piece must be at Jeast 25 HRC, what is the
maximum allowable diameter?
3. A cylindrical piece of 4140 steel 60 mm in diameter is to be quenched in moderately agitated oil.
Determine the hardness in HRC at the center of the steel piece.
4, Discuss what could be the possible source(s) of error in the experiment and how the error can be
minimized to improve the accuracy of the experimental result.
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