Professional Documents
Culture Documents
H IU HNH
MICROSOFT
WINDOWS SERVER
2003
MC LC
_Toc124924201
PHN 1
PHN 2
PHN 3
QUN L V DUY TR CC NGUN TI NGUYN
CHIA S 385
CHNG 9: CHIA S CC TI NGUYN H THNG FILE ........................... 386
TM HIU V CC CP PHP............................................................................... 387
CC TH MC CHIA S........................................................................................ 392
QUN L CC TH MC CHIA S..................................................................... 403
S DNG CC CP PHP NTFS .......................................................................... 411
QUN TR IIS ........................................................................................................... 426
TNG KT ................................................................................................................ 439
BI TP THC HNH............................................................................................ 441
CC CU HI N TP........................................................................................... 443
CC KCH BN TNH HUNG ............................................................................. 445
CHNG 10: LM VIC VI MY IN .................................................................. 448
TM HIU V M HNH IN N TRONG WINDOWS SERVER 2003 ................ 449
TRIN KHAI MY IN CHIA S ............................................................................. 451
CU HNH CC C TNH MY IN.................................................................... 461
GIM ST CC MY IN........................................................................................ 467
X L S C MY IN ........................................................................................... 472
TNG KT ................................................................................................................ 475
BI TP THC HNH............................................................................................ 476
CC CU HI N TP........................................................................................... 478
CC KCH BN TNH HUNG ............................................................................. 481
PHN 4
PHN 1
QUN L V DUY TR
H IU HNH
Tc CPU ti thiu
133 MHz
400 MHz
Tc CPU nn dng
733 MHz
733 MHz
RAM ti thiu
128 MB
128 MB
128 MB
512 MB
RAM nn dng
256 MB
256 MB
256 MB
1 GB
RAM ti a
2 GB
4 GB
32 GB
64 GB
(Symmetric MultiProcessing) 2
32
1.5 GB
1.5 GB
1.5 GB
S b vi x l SMP
1.5 GB
Tc ti thiu ca CPU
RAM ti a
Khong trng a ti thiu
Enterprise Edition
Datacenter Edition
733 MHz
733 MHz
64 GB
2 GB
512 GB
2 GB
Cc giai on ci t:
Nu bn c kinh nghim ci t Windows Server 2000, bn s thy qu
trnh ci t Windows Server 2003 rt thn thin. N c chia thnh 2 giai
on ring bit:
Ch text:
Giai on khi to qu trnh ci t bt u khi my tnh khi ng t a
CD cha b ci Windows Server 2003 v chy chng trnh Winnt.exe.
Khng ging nh Windows 2000 v cc phin bn trc , Windows
Server 2003 khng h tr vic bt u ci t t a mm. Chng trnh
Winnt.exe np cc file ca h iu hnh Windows Server 2003 t a CD.
y l phin bn hn ch, thc thi trong ch vn bn ca h iu hnh
bi v cc file cn thit cho Giao din ha ngi dng (Graphical User
Interface - GUI) cha c ci t. Chng trnh ny s nh dng phn
vng m s s dng lm a h thng, To cu trc th mc gc ca h
thng v chp cc file ca h iu hnh t cc th mc tm vo ng v tr.
Tip theo chng trnh ci t bt u xy dng registry, to cc kha cha
cc thng tin c bn v h iu hnh, cng nh cc thng tin v phn cng
c pht hin trong qu trnh ci t. Sau my tnh khi ng li.
Ch ha:
Khi h thng khi ng li ln hai, n s dng cc file khi ng v cc file
ca h iu hnh, hin nm c nh trn a h thng. Giao din Windows
thn thin xut hin ln u tin, s dng trnh iu khin hin th VGA vi
phn gii thp. Sau khi h thng khi ng xong, qu trnh ha bt
u bng chu trnh pht hin phn cng. Khi cc phn cng mi c pht
hin, v trnh iu khin c ci t, chng trnh bt u thu thp
thng tin t ngi dng m n cn hon thnh qu trnh ci t, ng thi
n s ci t rt nhiu thnh phn khng thit yu khc ca h thng. Nu
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
15
Cc thao tc ci t:
Phn ny s trnh by cc bc chi tit ca qu trnh ci t Windows Server
2003 vi gi nh rng bn s dng mt my tnh tha mn cc yu cu h
thng ca Windows Server 2003, ng thi bn ci t h iu hnh t mt
a CD nguyn gc v cc a cng ca h thng l hon ton trng.
LU : Cc thay i trong qu trnh ci t. Cc thao tc ci t
y gi nh rng bn s dng mt my tnh c cu hnh phn cng
c bn. S c mt ca cc thit b phn cng nht nh no khc
trong my tnh c th gy ra cc thay i trong qu trnh ci t (v
d nh cc bc cu hnh b sung) khng c cp y.
Ci t Windows Server 2003:
ci t Windows Server 2003, s dng cc thao tc sau y:
1. a a CD c b ci Windows Server 2003 vo trong CD-ROM v
khi ng li my. Nu bn nhn c thng bo press a key to boot from
CD.. (nhn phm bt k khi ng t CD). nhn mt phm bt k
2. Sau khi my tnh khi ng, mt chui cc thng bo hin ra ni rng
trnh ci t ang xem xt cc cu hnh phn cng ca my tnh. Sau mn
hnh Windows Setup xut hin
3. Nu my tnh ca bn cn c cc trnh iu khin thit b lu tr c bit
khng c trong b ci ca Windows Server 2003, nhn F6 khi c nhc v
cung cp cc trnh iu khin thit b ph hp.
Hnh 1-1: Trang Lets Activate Windows trong Trnh Hng dn Kch
hot Windows
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
31
TO MY CH QUN TR MIN
hon thnh bi tp thc hnh trong sch ny v trong cun Lab Manual,
bn phi c mt my tnh ci t Windows Server 2003 v c cu hnh
nh mt my ch qun tr min.
Ci t Active Directory:
cu hnh my Serverxx ca bn thc hin chc nng ca mt my ch
qun tr min, s dng cc thao tc sau y:
LU : Cc la chn khi ci t Active Directory. Khi trnh hng
dn ci t Active Directory chy, cc li nhc hin ra c th khc
nhau ty vo vic n pht hin trong h thng mng c my ch
qun tr min no hay khng. Nu bn kt ni my tnh n mt mng
c mt min khc, cc bc c th thay i v bn c th phi iu
chnh li cc la chn hoc ngt kt ni ra khi mng trc khi lm
bi tp thc hnh ny.
1. ng nhp vo my tnh Windows Server 2003 bng ti khon
Administrator
2. Nu trang Manage Your Server (Qun tr my ch ca bn) khng
m, bn c th m n t thc n nhm chng trnh Administrative Tools
3. Nhn vo lin kt Add Or Remove A Role (Thm hoc bt vai tr).
Trnh hng dn cu hnh my ch (Configure Your Server Wizard) c
np v trang Preliminary Steps (Cc bc khi u) xut hin.
11. Trong hp thoi Full DNS Name For New Domain (Tn DNS y
ca min mi), nhp vo : ACNAxx.com, trong xx l s m ging vin
cp cho bn, sau nhn Next. Trang NetBIOS Domain Name (Tn min
NetBIOS) xut hin.
TNG KT
Windows Server 2003 c 4 phin bn chnhWeb Edition, Standard
Edition, Enterprise Edition v Datacenter Editionchng khc nhau
trong cch h tr phn cng v cc tnh nng m chng cung cp.
Phin bn Enterprise v Datacenter c cc phin bn ring c th s
dng vi cc nn phn cng 64 bit cng nh 32 bit.
Windows Server 2003 bn thng mi hay bn dng th u yu cu
c kha sn phm v bn phi kch hat sn phm trong vng 14 hoc
30 ngy sau khi ci t.
Trang Manage Your Server v Trnh Hng dn Cu hnh My ch
(Configure Your Server Wizard) cho php bn c th cu hnh my
tnh chy Windows Server 2003 thc hin cc chc nng khc nhau.
Active Directory l dch v th mc da trn min, cha cc i
tng m bn thn cc i tng ny li c mt tp cc thuc tnh ca
chng.
Cu trc phn cp ca Active Directory c to bi rng, cy, min
v OU. Quyn, Cp php v cc Chnh sch Nhm s c truyn
xung theo cu trc phn cp .
ci t Active Directory, bn thng cp mt hay nhiu my tnh
chy Windows Server 2003 thnh my ch qun tr min bng cch s
dng trnh ci t Active Directory Installation Wizard. Mt my
ch qun tr min s cha mt bn ca CSDL Active Directory v n
s chu trch nhim cung cp thng tin Active Directory p ng cc
yu cu ca ngi dng.
BI TP THC HNH
Bi tp thc hnh 1-1: La chn h iu hnh
i vi mi phin bn h iu hnh ca Windows Server 2003 trong ct bn
tri, hy ch ra cc m t tng ng trong ct bn phi.
1. Web Edition
2. Standard Edition
3. Enterprise Edition
4. Datacenter Edition
a. H tr 512 GB b nh
b. H tr chui my ch c 8 nt
c. Khng chy c cc ng dng 16 bit
d. H tr chui my ch 32 nt, c cn bng
ti (NBL)
e. H tr my tnh c 4 CPU
CC CU HI N TP
1) Bn ang c k hoch trin khai cc my tnh chy Windows Server
2003 cho mt phng ban gm 250 ngi. My ch s cha cc th mc
gc v cc th mc chia s cho phng ban ny, ng thi n s cha mt
s my in cc ti liu ca phng ban ny c th gi n in n. Phin
bn no ca Windows Server 2003 s cung cp gii php hiu qu nht
cho phng ban ny. Gii thch v cu tr li ca bn.
2) Phin bn no sau y ca Windows Server 2003 yu cu kch hot sn
phm:
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
55
CHNG 2: QUN TR H IU
HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS
SERVER 2003
Cng vic hng ngy ca ngi qun tr h thng Windows Server 2003
phn ln bao gm cc nhim v cu hnh cc i tng Active Directory,
chnh sa cc phn mm v cc dch v thit lp trn my tnh, ci t cc
phn cng v phn mm mi, s dng cc cng c m h iu hnh cung
cp thc hin rt nhiu nhim v khc. Khi h thng m rng thm nhiu
my tnh, cc nhim v phi lm cng tng dn theo. Microsoft
Management Console (MMC Bng iu khin Qun tr Microsoft) l
cng c qun tr ch yu ca h thng Windows Server 2003. MMC cho
php ngi qun tr c th tch hp cc cng c thng dng vo trong mt
giao din n v s dng chng qun tr cc my tnh Windows mi
ni trong mng. Hiu bit v cc tnh nng ca MMC l iu rt quan trng
gip cho vic qun tr h thng mt cch hiu qu hn.
Khi cc yu cu iu khin my tnh xa tr nn phc tp hn ngoi kh
nng ca cc tc v c thc hin bi MMC, chng ta c th s dng hai
cng c quan trng khc qun tr t xa: Remote Desktop for
Administration (Mn hnh Qun tr T xa) v Remote Assistance (Tr gip
T xa). Remote Desktop for Administration l mt ng dng theo kiu my
ch/my khch trong mn hnh iu khin ca my ch xa c hin
th trn mn hnh ca my trm ti ch, cho php bn c th iu khin chc
nng ca chut v bn phm nh l bn ng nhp ti ch vo my tnh xa
. Remote Assistance c chc nng tng t tuy nhin n c thit k
cho php mt ngi s dng Windows Server 2003 hay Windows XP c th
yu cu s tr gip t ngi dng khc trong mng. Khi mt ngi dng
a ra mt yu cu h tr, mt chuyn gia no trong mng c th thit
lp mt kt ni t xa n mn hnh ca ngi dng .
Sau khi kt thc chng ny, bn c th:
S dng cc bng iu khin MMC cu hnh sn.
To mt bng iu khin MMC mi.
Qun tr c my tnh ti ch v xa bng bng iu khin
MMC
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
-58--
Hnh 2-4: Bng iu khin Active Directory Users and Computers hin
tr khi chn Advanced Features
Kt ni n cc my tnh xa
Cc bng iu khin MMC xut hin trong thc n Start ca mt my tnh
chy Windows Server 2003 u c cu hnh qun l cc ti nguyn
trong ni b my tnh . Tuy nhin, vi hu ht cc snap-in c cung cp
trong Windows Server 2003, bn cng c th qun l cc my tnh khc qua
mng. y l mt trong nhng tnh nng hu ch nht ca MMC bi v n
cho php cc nh qun tr mng c th qun tr cc my tnh bt k u
trong mng t mn hnh my trm ca mnh.
LU : Mc ch ca k thi. Mc ch ca k thi 70-290 l hc
vin c kh nng qun tr my ch t xa v qun tr my ch
bng cch s dng cc cng c h tr sn c
Bn c th truy cp vo mt my tnh xa s dng mt MMC snap-in bng
hai cch:
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
-70--
To li ngh
nhn c cc tr gip t xa, mt my khch phi a ra li ngh v
gi n n mt chuyn gia no . My khch c th gi li ngh ny s
dng mt trong cc phng php sau y.
Microsoft Windows Messenger (Dch v Truyn thng ip ca
Windows): s dng dch v Windows Messenger cho kt ni
Remote Assistance, bn phi c tn ti khon Windows Messenger
ca chuyn gia trong danh sch lin lc v gi yu cu trc tip t
Windows Messenger trn my khch. Remote Assistance ch c
php yu cu trc tip khi chuyn gia ang trc tuyn trn mng
(online)
Th in t: gi mt li ngh bng th in t, c hai my tnh
u phi l cc my trm tng thch v c kh nng truyn/nhn th
in t bng giao thc MAPI (Messaging Application Programming
Interface Giao din Lp trnh ng dng Truyn thng ip)
File: Khi bn lu li ngh vo mt file, bn c th s dng bt k
phng thc no gi file n chuyn gia,c th bng th in t
(khng cn thit phi s dng giao thc MAPI), bng mt giao dch
FTP (File Tranfer Protocol Giao thc Truyn File trn Internet)
hay s dng a mm.
to ra mt ngh, bn la chn Help And Support (Tr gip v h
tr) t thc n Start m mn hnh Help And Support Center (Trung
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
-83--
Hnh 1-17: Trang Remote Assistance trong Help And Support Center
HNG DN NHANH S dng mt khu. Khi ngi dng to
ra mt li ngh, h c th ch nh mt khu m chuyn gia s
phi s dng kt ni n my tnh ca h. Bn nn yu cu ngi
dng lun lun s dng mt khu trong cc kt ni Remote
Assistance v hng dn h cch cung cp mt khu ny cho cc
chuyn gia s dng mt phng thc truyn thng khc vi phng
thc h s dng khi gi li ngh ny i.
Chuyn gia khi nhn c li ngh c th tham gia vo vic tr gip bng
cch chy ng dng Remote Assistance, ng dng ny cho php chuyn gia
kt ni n my tnh xa nh hnh 2-18. S dng giao din ny, ngi dng
v chuyn gia c th ni chuyn hoc nhn tin cho nhau v theo mc nh,
chuyn gia c th nhn thy mi th, mi c ch ca ngi dng ang thc
hin trn my tnh ca h. Nu my trm xa c cu hnh cho php iu
khin t xa, chuyn gia c th nhn vo nt Take Control v thc hin cc
thao tc iu khin my tnh ny.
Bo mt Remote Assistance
Bi v mt chuyn gia khi s dng kh nng iu khin t xa mt my
khch s c th thc hin tt c cc tc v trn my tnh nh mt ngi
dng ti nn tnh nng ny c th gy ra vn v bo mt. Khi mt
ngi dng cha c xc thc c th nm quyn iu khin mt my tnh
bng Remote Assistance th hon ton c th gy nn cc ph hoi khng
gii hn. Tuy nhin, Remote Assistance c thit k gim thiu cc
nguy c ny bng cch s dng mt s tnh nng sau:
Invitations ( ngh): Khng ai c th kt ni n mt my tnh khc
bng Remote Assistance tr khi ngi nhn c li ngh t
my khch. My khch c th cu hnh khong thi gian hiu lc ca
li mi tnh bng pht, gi, hoc ngy hn ch khng cho cc
chuyn gia c mi kt ni n my tnh ca mnh sau .
Interactive connectivity (Cc kt ni tng tc): Khi mt chuyn
gia chp nhn li mi t mt my khch v kt ni n my tnh ,
mt ngi dng phi ngi ti my khch v cho php chuyn gia
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
-86--
TNG KT
Microsoft Management Console l cng c qun tr h thng chnh
dnh cho Windows Server 2003
MMC l mt ng dng lp v m bn s dng chy cc snap-in,
l cc cng c ring bit c np vo trong MMC
C hai loi snap-in: Stand-Alone (n l) v Extention (M rng)
trong cch thc hin th v chc nng ca loi m rng trong
MMC s ty thuc vo ng cnh.
Mt s snap-in c th s dng vi c my tnh ti ch v xa, mt s
th ch gii hn trong cc my tnh ti ch.
Bng iu khin MMC c th lu ch Tc gi (Author Mode),
cho php ngi dng c ton quyn vi cu hnh ca bng iu khin
hoc Ch Ngi dng (User Mode), cho php gii hn cc quyn
truy cp.
Remote Desktop for Administration cho php bn qun tr mt my
ch xa nh l bn ng nhp vo my ch ti ch vi vai tr
qun tr.
Remote Assistance l mt s tr gip c tnh cht tha thun: Ngi
dng ngh chuyn gia gip hoc chuyn gia, nu c cu hnh
thng qua chnh sch nhm, c th khi to mt phin h tr. Trong
cc trng hp khc, ngi s dng phi chp nhn thit lp kt ni
v lun lun trong trng thi iu khin phin h tr ny. Khng
bao gi chuyn gia c th nm quyn iu khin my tnh m ngi
dng khng c thng bo.
Remote Desktop Connection l thnh phn mc nh ca Windows
XP v Windows Server 2003, c th ci t trn bt k h iu hnh
Windows 32 bit no t a CD ci t Windows Server 2003 (hoc
sau khi chia s th mc) hoc t bt k my tnh Windows Server
2003 no.
C hai tnh nng Remote Desktop for Administration v Remote
Assistance u s dng Dch v u cui (Terminal Services)
truyn thng, nhng khng bao gi yu cu mt giy php Terminal
Services c bit no.
BI TP THC HNH
Bi tp thc hnh 2-1: M mt ca s MMC
Trong bi tp thc hnh ny, bn m mt ca s th hai trong mt bng iu
khin MMC.
1. Nhn Start, tr vo Administrative Tools v nhn Computer
Management. Bng iu khin Computer Management xut hin
2. T thc n Window, chn New Window. Mt ca s th hai xut
hin bn trn ca s th nht.
3. T thc n Window, la chn Tile Horizontally (xp theo hang
ngang). Bng iu khin thay i v hin th 2 ca s cng mt lc.
Lu rng bn c th thao tc trn hai ca s hon ton c lp nhau.
CC CU HI N TP
1. Ch mc nh khi bn to mt Bng iu khin MMC l g ?
2. Liu mt snap-in c th hng vo c my tnh ti ch v my tnh
xa cng lc c khng ?
3. Nu cc thng s cp php cn thit qun tr mt my tnh xa s
dng MMC ?
4. Liu mt MMC c sn c th thay i ng cnh t Ti ch sang T xa
hay phi np mt snap-in kiu tng t vo trong bng iu khin
thc hin kt ni t xa?
5. Liu mi chc nng ca snap-in c lun lun sn sng s dng khi
bn kt ni n mt my tnh xa?
6. Bao nhiu kt ni ng thi c kh nng thc hin n mt my ch
Terminal chy ch Remote Administration? Ti sao ?
7. Cng c no c s dng kch hot Remote Desktop trn mt
my ch ?
a. Terminal Services Manager
b. Terminal Services Configuration
c. System Properties trong Control Panel
d. Terminal Services Licensing
CHNG 3: GIM ST H IU
HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS
SERVER 2003
Mt trong nhng nhim v chnh ca ngi qun tr h thng l m bo
cho h thng mng chy trn tru v hiu qu v Windows Server 2003, vi
mt b su tp cc cng c cho php bn thc hin iu ny. Mt my ch
c th hot ng vi kh nng cao nht ngay sau khi ci t, tuy nhin hiu
nng ca n c th gim dn theo thi gian v rt nhiu l do. Mt ngi
qun tr h thng tt phi gim st hiu nng ca my ch thng xuyn u
n nhn bit chiu hng v pht hin cc s c c th nh hng n
hiu nng. Hc cch s dng cc cng c qun tr ca Windows Server 2003
mt cch ng n l mt k nng c bn bn c th nhn bit cc thay
i hiu nng h thng trc khi ri vo tnh trng thm ha.
Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c kh nng:
S dng Event Viewer gim st nht k h thng
Cu hnh Task Manager hin th cc d liu hiu nng
S dng System Monitor hin th cc d liu hiu nng thi
gian thc
To cc counter log (Nht k ca cc bin m) v cc Alert (Cnh
bo)
CC K NNG GIM ST MY CH
Cc cng c gim st hiu nng my ch c trong Windows Server 2003 cho
php ngi qun tr c th kim tra rt nhiu cc tham s h thng theo rt
nhiu cch khc nhau. Cch thc bn s dng cc cng c ph thuc vo cc
ti nguyn m bn mun gim st cng nh cc s thch c nhn ca bn. C
hai kiu gim st h thng c bn nh sau:
Gim st theo thi gian thc: Gim st thi gian thc s dng cc
cng c hin th chui lin tc cc thng s, m t h thng ang lm
g ti thi im hin ti. Cc thng s ny c th hin th bng s liu
hoc di dng th. Hin nhin, phng php ny cung cp cc
thng tin gn vi hin ti nht, tuy nhin ch c mt s t qun tr h
thng c thi gian v s thch ngi xem th cc tham s hiu
nng h thng sut c ngy di.
Gim st bng nht k: Gim st nht k thng thng cung cp cc
thng tin tng t nh gim st thi gian thc tuy nhin cc thng tin
ny c lu trong mt thit b lu tr c nh thay v (hoc thm
vo) hin th chng ngay lp tc. Phng php ny cho php ngi
qun tr c th quan st xu hng pht trin qua thi gian di hn l
theo di trong mt phin gim st thi gian thc. Khi s dng gim
st bng nht k, cc qun tr h thng phi m bo cung cp
khng gian lu tr lu cc d liu chp c v ng nhin, h
phi kim tra cc thng tin ny u n
Cch thc s dng ca vic gim st thi gian thc v gim st bng nht k
khng
c tnh cht loi tr nhau. Mi phng php c gi tr ring ca n v mt s
cng c gim st ca Windows Server 2003 h tr c hai.
Gim st cc phn h
Hiu nng h thng Windows Server 2003 c th chia thnh 4 phn h c
bn, mi phn h ny phi hot ng tt my tnh c th vn hnh c
mt cch hon ho. Bn phn h ny l:
B vi x l: Mt b vi x l trong my tnh thc hin hng triu php
tnh s dng cc chu k ng h (Clock Cycles) ca b vi x l, vi
mi php tnh ton dnh cho mt tc v c bit. Cc chu k ng h
trong b vi x l c phn chia cho rt nhiu cc tin trnh chy
trong my tnh. B vi x l cng nhanh th cng c nhiu chu k ng
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
-93-
Biu tng
M t
Mt s c c ngha quan trng, v d nh
mt d liu hoc sai chc nng
Mt s kin c th khng c ngha nhng
c th th hin mt s c trong tng lai
Mt s kin m t hot ng thnh cng ca
mt ng dng, trnh iu khin hoc dch v
Mt truy cp bo mt thnh cng c kim
nh
Mt truy cp bo mt tht bi c kim
nh
Application
Directory Service
512 KB
DNS Server
File Replication
512 KB
Service
Security
131,072 KB (128
Overwrite events as needed
MB)
System
S dng cc b lc
Khi bn s dng Event Viewer ln u tin, snap-in ny hin th mi s kin
c ghi li trong nht k la chn theo th t thi gian. Ty vo kch
thc ca nht k v cc thit lp duy tr, danh sch ny c th rt di. Tuy
nhin, nhiu mc trong nht k l thuc kiu Thng tin, l cc kt qu
ca cc hat ng thng thng hng ngy.
nh v cc mc c bit trong danh sch ny, bn c th chnh sa th t
sp xp ca n bng cch nhn vo mt trong cc tiu ca ct hoc bn
c th gii hn hin th cc thng tin xut hin trong nht k tp trung vo
cc s kin quan trng, bng cch s dng Filter (B lc) hoc dng lnh
Find (Tm kim)
trin khai mt B lc trn mt nht k trong Event Viewer, t thc n
View, la chn Filter hin th th Filter trong hp thoi Properties ca
nht k s kin, nh th hin trong Hnh 3-4. Trong hp thoi ny, bn c
th ch nh kiu s kin no bn mun hin th v la chn cc s kin tiu
biu gim bt danh sch s kin v kch thc c th qun l c.
Lu gi cc Nht k s kin
Snap-in Event Viewer c th lu cc nht k thnh file trong mt s nh
dng, bao gm dng vn bn (.txt), dng bng (.csv) v mt nh dng nht
k s kin c phn m rng l .evt, nh dng ny c th m bng snap-in.
Khi bn lu cc nht k ny vo mt file, bn c mt bn ghi lu di ca
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
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Lm vic vi cc ng dng
Th Applications (Th hin trong Hnh 3-6) ch ra trng thi ca cc chng
trnh mc ngi dng ang chy trong h thng. Cc dch v v ng dng
h thng chy trong cc ng cnh khc vi ngi dng ang ng nhp s
khng hin th. i vi cc ng dng lit k y, ct Status (Trng thi)
s ch ra liu ng dng ang chy (running) hay l khng phn ng (not
responding).
My ch sao lu
B vi x l v mng
My ch CSDL
Lu tr, mng v b
vi x l
a vt l, a logic, B vi x l, Giao
tip mng v H thng
My ch qun tr B nh, b vi x l,
min
mng v a
My ch file v
in n
B nh, a v cc
phn t mng
My ch
Mail/Truyn tin
My ch Web
Cache trn a v cc
phn t mng
To ra mt Trace log.
Qu trnh to ra mt trace log (Nht k Theo di) tng t nh qu trnh to
ra mt nht k bin m, ngoi tr vic thay v la chn performance
counters, bn li la chn cc s kin h thng (System events) m bn
mun gim st, s dng giao din trong Hnh 3-19.
TNG KT
Event Viewer l mt snap-in MMC hin th cc nht k oc my
tnh duy tr. Mi my tnh Windows Server 2003 u c cc nht k
ng dng, Bo mt v H thng; my ch qun tr min cn c thm
hai nht k cho Dch v Th mc v Dch v ng b File v my ch
DNS cn c thm nht k cho dch v DNS Server.
Mi mc vo ca nht k s kin c th cha cc thng tin, cnh bo,
thng bo li hoc kt qu kim nh.
Task Manager hin th cc d liu v hiu nng theo thi gian thc
ca b vi x l, b nh my tnh, lit k cc ng dng v tin trnh
chy trong my tnh, cc thng tin v mng v ngi dng. Bn c th
ng thi s dng Task Manager dng mt ng dng v tin trnh,
thit lp mc u tin hoc ngt ngi dng khi kt ni ti my tnh
ang theo di.
Performance console cha hai snap-in: System Monitor v
Performance Logs and Alerts
System Monitor hin th cc d liu v hiu nng theo thi gian thc
ca cc thnh phn phn cng v phn mm trong h thng, s dng
cc cch xem kiu th, Biu v Bo co
gim st thng tin thng k v mt h thng no bng System
Monitor, bn la chn mt performance object th hin mt phn t
xc nh, mi performance counter th hin mt kha cnh xc nh
ca i tng la chn, hoc trong mt s trng hp l ca mt
trng hp ring (instance) ca i tng la chn.
Performance Logs and Alerts ghi cc thng tin v hiu nng ca cc
bin m vo nht k v cc s kin ca h iu hnh theo di cc
nht k ny theo cc chu k thi gian c lp lch trc, cho php
bn chp c mt s ln cc mu d liu kim tra sau ny.
Performance Logs and Alerts cn c th gim st cc bin m xc
nh v thc hin mt hnh ng no khi gi tr ca cc bin m
ny t n mt mc ngng xc nh.
BI TP THC HNH
Bi tp thc hnh 3-1: S dng Event Viewer
Trong bi tp thc hnh ny, bn s dng bng iu khin Event Viewer
kim tra nht k H thng ca my tnh.
1. ng nhp vo my tnh vi ti khon Administrator.
2. Nhn Start, tr vo Administrative Tools v nhn vo Event Viewer.
Bng iu khin Event Viewer xut hin
3. Trong khung Phm vi ca bng iu khin, nhn vo i tng
System. Mt danh sch cc mc nht k h thng hin ln trong
khung Chi tit
4. Nhn p vo mt trong nhng mc trong khung Chi tit hin th
hp thoi Event Properties
CC CU HI N TP
1. Bn khng mun d liu trong nht k Bo mt b ghi , tuy nhin
bn cng khng mun my tnh ca bn ngng giao tip vi mng bt
k lc no. Thit lp no m bn nn cu hnh trong my ch ?
2. Mc ch ca bn l gim st tt c cc my ch ca mnh chng
c th c chng phn mnh u n theo lch sp xp sao cho hiu
qu nht. Chng trnh chng phn mnh a m bn mun s dng
yu cu ti thiu 20% dung lng a cng trong mi a thc hin
tt nhim v. Bn nn lm g ?
3. My tnh m bn s dng gim st cc h thng khc trong mng
ang qu ti vi nhim v ny, do bn mun gim nh mc ti cho
n. Bn nn lm g gim nh mc ti ca nhim v gim st trong
khi duy tr cc d liu gim st mc ti a c th ?
4. Bn ang chy mt ng dng CSDL trn my tnh vi hai b vi x l.
Bn mun ng dng CSDL ny chy trn b vi x l th hai. Lm th
no bn c th s dng Task Manager thc hin vic ny?
5. Mnh no sau y l ng nu System Monitor hin th gi tr ca
bin m PhysicalDisk:Current Disk Queue Length ln hn 2 trong
mt h thng a khng phi l RAID ?
a. Bn cn nhiu khng gian a cng hn
b. Bn cn a cng nhanh hn
c. Bn cn thng tin thm xc nh liu a c vn g
khng?
d. Bn gp trc trc vi b nh, khng phi vi a cng .
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
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Hnh 4-3. Th Backup trong chng trnh Windows Server 2003 Backup
Trong hu ht cc trng hp, bn khng cn thit phi sao lu mi d liu
trong cc a ca my tnh. Nu mt a cng b xa hoc ph hy hon
ton, bn c th phi ci t li h iu hnh trc khi bn khi phc cc file
t mt bng t sao lu v do vic sao lu mi file ca h iu hnh mi
khi bn chy mt tc v sao lu l khng c gi tr nhiu. Tng t i vi
cc ng dng, bn c th ci t li mt ng dng t b ci gc, do bn
c th ch cn sao lu cc file d liu v cc thit lp cu hnh ca ng dng
. Hn na, hu ht cc h iu hnh hin nay u to ra cc file tm khi
chy, nhng file ny bn cng khng cn thit phi sao lu. V d Windows
to ra file phn trang b nh c th c kch c hng trm hoc hng ngn
MB. Bi v cc file ny c to ra t ng, bn c th tit kim dung lng
trong cc bng t sao lu ca bn bng cch b qua file ny v cc file
tng t trong cc tc v sao lu. S la chn ng n cc mc tiu sao
lu c ngha trong trng hp hoc bn c th lu va ton b d liu
cn sao lu vo trong mt bng t hoc c th bn phi li mun sau gi
lm vic nht bng t th hai vo trong a.
S dng cc Filter (B lc). Vic la chn cc file, th mc v cng ring
r m bn mun sao lu c th kh nhm chn trong mt mng ln, do rt
nhiu cc chng trnh sao lu cung cp mt cch khc la chn mc
tiu. Mt trong nhng phng php thng dng l s dng b lc, cho php
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Hnh 4-8. Th Restore And Manage Media trong chng trnh Windows
Server 2003 Backup
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Bo mt sao lu
Cc bn sao lu cha cc bn sao ca cng d liu bn lu trn cc a
cng, do bn s phi mt cng sc bo mt cc bn sao lu ny nh
khi bn bo mt cc d liu gc. Cc chng trnh sao lu mang cho php
bn ch nh tn ti khon v mt khu m phn mm ny s dng truy
cp cc mc tiu sao lu. Phng php thc hnh tt nht l to ra mt ti
khon c bit cho mc ch ny m ch c quyn cn thit thc hin
sao lu hn l s dng ti khon Administrator hoc cc ti khon khc c
nhiu tnh nng. Bn c th d dng cung cp mt ti khon ngi dng vi
cc quyn ny bng cch thm n vo trong nhm Backup Operators to
sn trong Active Directory. Cch ny s ngn cn cc ngi dng cha xc
thc khng th gy hi cho tnh bo mt ca mng bng cch s dng cc
phn mm sao lu.
TNG KT
Mt gii php sao lu mng bao gm phn cng sao lu, phn mm
sao lu v k hach s dng chng.
Khi bn nh gi mt phn cng sao lu, tc cao hn v dung
lng ln hn gn nh c ngha l gi s t hn.
Bng t l phng tin sao lu thng dng nht sao lu bi bng
t c tc sao lu nhanh, khng t v cha c rt nhiu d liu.
Cc bng t c rt nhiu loi khc nhau v tc , dung lng v
khong gi c ph hp vi cc nhu cu ci t khc nhau.
Chc nng chnh ca phn mm sao lu l cho php ngi qun tr
mng c th la chn cc mc tiu sao lu v sau chuyn d
liu ny n cc bng t hoc cc thit b khc.
Cc tc v sao lu Incremental v differential s tit kim bng t
bng cch ch sao lu cc file m thay i t ln sao lu cui cng,
da trn tnh trng ca bit lu trong mi file.
Mt phn mm sao lu tt cho php bn lp lch sao lu chy vo
bt k thi im no v n duy tr phin bn mc lc ca tt c cc
file sao lu trn c bng t v trn a cng
Phn mm sao lu mng cho php bn sao lu mi d liu trong cc
my tnh trong mng ca bn v cng cung cp cc tnh nng tin tin
v d nh sao lu cc CSDL trc tuyn.
sao lu Windows registry, CSDL Active Directory v cc ti
nguyn h thng khc, bn phi sao lu i tng System State.
Volume shadow copy l mt tnh nng ca Windows Server 2003 cho
php ni dng c th truy cp cc bn sao khc nhau ca cc file m
h v tnh xa mt hoc b hng
Khi bn khi phc d liu System State trong ch
nonauthoritative, mi thnh phn trong d liu System State m c
ng b vi cc my ch qun tr min khc, v d nh CSDL Active
Directory, s c cp nht bi qu trnh ng b sau khi bn khi
phc.
Khi bn khi phc d liu System State trong ch Authoritative,
cc thay i sau khi sao lu ln cui cng s khng c khi phc,
cc i tng b xa s c phc hi v ng b. thc hin khi
phc authoritative, bn s dng tin ch dng lnh Ntdsutil.exe.
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
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BI TP THC HNH
Bi tp thc hnh 4-1: La chn mc tiu sao lu
Trong bi tp thc hnh ny, bn thc hnh s dng cch hin th cy th
mc trong chng trnh Backup la chn cc mc tiu sao lu.
1. ng nhp vo my tnh Windows Server 2003 bng ti khon
Administrator
2. Nhn Start, tr vo All Programs, chn Accessories, chn System
Tools v sau chn Backup. Trang Welcome To The Backup Or
Restore Wizard xut hin.
3. Nhn vo lin kt Advanced Mode. Ca s Backup Utility xut hin
4. La chn th Backup
5. M rng a Local disk (C) v la chn th mc Windows
6. La chn hp chn System State
7. T thc n Job, la chn Exit
CC CU HI N TP
1. Ti sao tin hnh sao lu li tt nht sau khi ht gi lm vic?
2. Cc kiu tc v sao lu no sau y khng t li bit lu tr trong cc
file m n sao chp sang cc phng tin lu tr ? (La chn tt c
cc cu tr li ng)
a. Full
b. Incremental
c. Differential
d. Copy
3. Cc thit b bng t no sau y c dung lng ln nht ?
a. LTO
b. QIC
c. DAT
d. DLT
4. Cc tiu chun no di y c s dng nhiu nht lc cc file
trong cc tc v sao lu?
a. Tn file
b. Phn m rng ca file
c. Cc thuc tnh ca file
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
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CHNG 5: DUY TR H IU
HNH
Cc sn phm phn mm hin nay ang trong giai on pht trin lin tc v
cc nh sn xut lun u n a ra cc bn cp nht v nng cp . H iu
hnh cng khng phi l mt ngoi l v mt iu rt quan trng l gi cho
h iu hnh Windows Server 2003 ca bn lun c cp nht. Vic cp
nht cc my tnh n l l mt vic n gin, tuy nhin cp nht mt h
thng mng ln mt cch ng lc v hiu qu th phc tp hn rt nhiu.
Trong chng ny bn s hc v cc kiu cp nht h iu hnh m
Microsoft a ra v mt s phng php bn c th s dng trin khai
cc bn cp nht ny
Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c th:
Hiu s khc nhau gia cc service pack (Cc gi dch v) v
hotfix (Bn sa li nng)
Trin khai service pack bng cc ng dng Windows Update (Cp
nht Windows), Automatic Update (T ng cp nht) v cc
chnh sch nhm
Tch hp cc bn service pack and hotfix vo trong cc b ci t
ca h iu hnh Windows Server 2003
S dng phn mm Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (Trnh
phn tch ranh gii bo mt)
Ci t v cu hnh mt my ch Microsoft Software Update
Services (Dch v cp nht phn mm ca Microsoft )
Hiu cc ch giy php bn quyn Per Server v Per Device
hoc Per User (Tnh theo my ch, thit b hoc theo ngi dng)
Cu hnh cc giy php bn quyn s dng cng c Choose
Licensing Mode (La chn Ch Giy php) trong Control Panel
v cng c Licensing Administrative (Qun tr Giy php)
To cc nhm giy php bn quyn
CC BN CP NHT CA H IU HNH
WINDOWS
c thi k, vic cp nht phn mm l mt vn rt nh. Nu c mt s
c no trong mt ng dng hay h iu hnh, nh sn xut s pht hnh mt
bn cp nht di dng mt bn v li m ngi dng c th p dng cho
cc my tnh ca mnh. Mt bn cp nht (Update) l mt phn ph ca bn
ci t phn mm c sa li v thng c xu hng gii quyt mt vn
c bit no hn l thm vo cc tnh nng mi cho phn mm . Khi
nh sn xut a ra phin bn tip theo ca phn mm, h s tch hp cc
bn v vo trong phin bn nng cp (Upgrade). Mt phin bn nng cp
l mt bn ci t phn mm chnh v c th cha cc tnh nng mi cng
nh cha c cc bn v ca phin bn trc ca sn phm ny.
LU . Mc ch ca k thi. Mc ch ca k thi 70-290 yu cu
hc vin c kh nng qun tr mt c s h tng cp nht phn
mm
Khi sn phm phn mm pht trin ngy cng phc tp, s lng ca cc s
c trong chng trnh cng c xu hng tng theo v tng ng l s lng
cc bn v li. Mt s sn phm, thng thng l cc h iu hnh, c th c
hng t cc bn v li c pht hnh gia cc ln nng cp. Vic cp nht
cc chng trnh v cc h iu hnh do thng lm tng thm cc vn
kh gii quyt bi mt s l do sau:
S lng cc bn v li. Khi mt sn phm phn mm c s lng
ln cc bn v li, n s tr nn kh khn trong vic theo di xem cc
bn v no c p dng v phin bn no ca file sn phm ang
c s dng trong ln ci t no.
Th t ca cc bn v. Khi cc bn v c p dng theo cc th t
khc nhau, kt qu l cu hnh phn mm c th thay i, in hnh l
vic mt sn phm c nhiu bn v s cha cc phin bn khc nhau
ca cng mt file.
Cc bn Service Pack
Khi i mt vi hng trm cc bn v cho h iu hnh hin i ngy nay,
Microsoft quyt nh la chn s dng mt phng php khc pht hnh
cc bn cp nht ny. Thay v rt nhiu bn v nh, Microsoft to ra mt bn
cp nht tm thi ln hn dc gi l service pack. Mt bn service pack l
mt tp hp ca cc bn v v cc bn cp nht khc tng c kim tra
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
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Cc bn sa li nng (Hotfix).
Mc d lch trnh ca vic pht hnh cc bn service pack l d thay i,
cc bn cp nht xut hin ngy cng t i, thng l khng hn mt ln
trong mt nm. Mc d vy, mt iu cng rt bnh thng khi mt h iu
hnh ny sinh ra cc vn m yu cu cn phi ch ngay lp tc v
khng th i n khi pht hnh bn service pack tip theo c. i vi
cc trng hp ny, Microsoft pht hnh cc bn v li ring r, c gi l
hotfix (bn sa li nng). Mt hotfix l mt phn mm cp nht m gii
quyt mt li c bit no . Ging nh cc bn service pack, hotfix c
pht hnh nh l mt file chy n v s ci t bn v li trn my tnh m
n chy. Microsoft thng pht hnh cc bn hotfix kt hp vi mt bi
Knowledge Base (Kin thc C bn) gii thch cho s c ny v cc trng
hp m ngi dng hoc qun tr mng nn p dng bn cp nht ny.
THNG TIN THM. Microsoft Knowledge Base. Microsoft
Knowledge Base l mt th vin ca cc bi vit cung cp cc
thng tin h tr cho mi sn phm Microsoft. Bn c th truy cp
Knowledge Base ti a ch http://support.microsoft.com.
Khng ging nh cc bn service pack, m Microsoft yu cu ci t trn
mi my tnh, cc bn hotfix thng c p dng cho cc my tnh b mt
s c c bit no hoc chy mt cu hnh phn cng hoc phn mm c
bit. Bn phi lun lun lm quen vi chc nng ca cc bn hotfix v iu
kin s dng trc khi ci t n vo cc my tnh.
G ci t cc bn Service pack
Khi bn ci t mt bn service pack, chng trnh ci t lun cho php
bn c hi lu cc bn sao lu d phng ca cc file h iu hnh m bn
service pack ny thay th. iu ny cho php bn g ci t bn service
pack sau v khi phc li cu hnh nguyn gc ca h thng nu cn
thit.
Ci t th cng cc hotfix
Cng ging nh cc bn service pack, ngi dng c th ti v ci t cc
bn hotfix thng qua trang Web Windows Update, tuy nhin ta cng c th
ti chng nh cc file chy ring r. iu ny cho php cc qun tr mng
trin khai cc bn hotfix cho mt lng ln cc my tnh m khng cn phi
tin hnh ti nhiu ln t Internet. Mt file hotfix l mt file chy nn, ging
nh file ti trn mng ca service pack, nhng c dung lng nh hn. Tn
ca file ny s dng nh dng sau y:
OperatingSystem-KBKnowledgeBase#-Platform-Language.exe (H iu
hnh-KB+s hiu bi vit v vn bn hotfix s chnh sa-loi CPUngn ng)
V d, mt bn cp nht bo mt in hnh cho Windows Server 2003 tn l
WindowsServer2003-KB823980-x86-ENU.exe. S 823980 l s ca bi vit
trong Knowledge Base m t vn m bn hotfix ny gii quyt c, x86
l nn tng b vi x l m bn hotfix ny p dng v ENU cho bit bn
hotfix ny cho phin bn U.S English ca Windows Server 2003.
LU . Thay th cc file ca hotfix. Khng ging nh service
pack, cc hotfix ch cp nht phn mm m thc t ci t trong
my tnh khi bn chy chng trnh ci t ny. Nu bn hy b mt
thnh phn h iu hnh v sau ci t li thnh phn , bn
phi ng thi ci t li cc bn hotfix m p dng cho thnh
phn ny.
Vic np file chy ca hotfix s bung cc file trong n ra mt folder tm trn
h thng ni b v chy file chng trnh Update.exe, cng ging nh trong
service pack. Cc hotfix theo mc nh lun lun to ra cc bn sao chp
sao lu ca cc file b ghi bn c th g b ci t. Lu chng trong
mt folder n trong folder gc h thng v c tn $NtUninstallKB######$,
trong ###### l s ca bi vit trong Knowledge Base ca bn hotfix .
thay i cc hnh x mc nh ca chng trnh ci t ca hotfix, bn
c th chy file ny vi bt k trong cc kha chuyn sau y:
/F. Chng trnh ci t s ng tt c cc ng dng ang m m
khng lu d liu khi n khi ng my tnh sau khi qu trnh ci t
hon thnh.
/L Hin th danh sch cc bn hotfix ci t trong my tnh
/N Khng cho php qu trnh ci t to cc bn sao chp sao lu
cc file b ghi trong qu trnh ci t.
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
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Xu chui cc hotfix.
Bt u t bn Windows Server 2000 service pack 3, mi hotfix u c mt
chng trnh gi l Qchain.exe cho php ci t rt nhiu hotfix, bn ny
ngay sau bn kia m khng cn phi khi ng li my tnh sau mi ln ci
t. Nu bn ci t nhiu hotfix m bao gm cc phin bn khc nhau ca
cng mt file, Qchain.exe m bo rng h thng s s dng ng phin
bn chun nht ca cc file sau khi qu trnh ci t hon thnh.
xu chui cc qu trnh ci t cc bn hotfix, bn c th chy cc
chng trnh ci t hotfix vi kha chuyn dng lnh /Z, iu ny s ngn
cn cc chng trnh ny khi ng my tnh. Tuy nhin, bn phi nh khi
ng my tnh sau khi bn hotfix cui cng c ci t cc bn hotfix
ny c tc dng. t ng qu trnh ci t cc bn hotfix ny, bn c th
to ra mt file b (batch) ging nh sau y:
WindowsServer2003-KB8239809-x86-ENU.exe /Z /U
WindowsServer2003-KB8239810-x86-ENU.exe /Z /U
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
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Ci t SUS
Do SUS s dng Web site cho c my khch v cc tc v qun tr truy cp,
bn phi ci t IIS trn my ch ny trc khi bn ci t SUS. Windows
Server 2003 cha IIS trong b ci t nhng khng ci t n theo mc nh.
ci t IIS, m Add Or Remove Programs trong Control Panel, nhn
vo Add/Remove Windows Components v la chn Internet Information
Services (IIS) t trong danh sch cc thnh phn ca Application Server
Khi bn ci t IIS, bn c th chy chng trnh ci t SUS m bn ti
v t Web Site ca Microsoft v Microsoft Software Update Services Setup
Wizard (Trnh Hng dn Ci t Dch v Cp nht) s c np. Sau khi
bn ng vi cc iu khon tho thun v giy php ca ngi dng phn
mm, trnh hng dn ci t ny s hng dn bn qua cc bc cu hnh
cc tham s nh sau:
V tr ca file. Mi bn v Windows Update bao gm hai thnh phn:
Bn thn file v li v metadata (Siu d liu) trong ch nh nn
tng h thng v ngn ng m bn v ny s p dng. SUS lun lun
ti metadata, y l d liu m bn s dng ph chun cc bn cp
nht v cc my khch trong mng intranet c th ti to c cc d
liu ny t my ch SUS. Bn c th la chn liu c ti cc file hay
khng v nu c th lu cc file ny u. Nu bn la chn duy tr
cc file cp nht trn my ch Microsoft Windows Update, cc my
khch s kt ni n my ch SUS ly danh sch cc bn cp nht
c ph chun nhng li kt ni n Web site Windows Update
ti cc file. Nu bn la chn lu cc file cp nht my ni b,
bn s phi s dng mt folder trn a cng c nh dng NTFS.
xut mt dung lng ti thiu khong 6GB cho vic lu tr ny.
Cc thit lp v ngn ng. Ch nh ngn ng no m bn mun lu
cc bn cp nht trn my ch. Nu tt c cc my khch ca bn s
dng phin bn ngn ng ting Anh ca Windows, bn c th s dng
la chn English Only. Nu cc my khch ca bn s dng cc ngn
ng khc ngoi ting Anh, bn c th ti cc bn cp nht cho tt c
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
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ng b SUS
Hai tc v qun tr chnh cho my ch SUS l ng b my ch v ph
chun cc bn cp nht. Khi bn nhn vo siu lin kt Synchronize Server
trong trang qun tr chnh, bn s thy mt giao din nh Hnh 5-8. trong
trang ny, bn c th lp lch ng b vic ny din ra theo mt lch u
n hoc kch hot chng mt cch th cng.
Ph chun cc bn cp nht
Khi qu trnh cp nht hon thnh, bn c a ti trang Approve Update,
th hin trn Hnh 5-10. ti y, ngi qun tr c th xem mt danh sch
cc bn cp nht c ng b v la chn bn no c th cung cp cho
cc my khch.
Gim st SUS
Trang Monitor Server (Gim st my ch) ca Web site qun tr SUS hin
th cc thng s thng k th hin s lng ca cc bn cp nht kh thi i
vi tng nn tng my ch v cc thng s thi gian, ngy gi ca cc bn
cp nht mi nht. Thng tin ny c tng kt t cc d liu metadata ca
Windows Update m c ti trong mi qu trnh ng b. Thng tin
metadata dc ghi vo a cng v lu trong b nh ci thin hiu nng
khi h thng yu cu cc bn cp nht tng ng ca cc nn tng my ch
Bn c th gim st SUS v Automatic Update bng cc nht k sau:
Nht k ng b. Bn c th ly cc thng tin v cc qu trnh ng
b trong qu kh hoc hin ti v cc gi phn mm xc nh c
ti bng cch nhn vo View Synchronization Log trong thanh duyt
bn tri.
Nht k ph chun. c thng tin v cc gi phn mm c
ph chun, nhn vo phm View Approval Log (Xem nht k ph
chun) trong thanh duyt bn tri
Nht k Windows Update. Cc my khch Automatic Update s ghi
nht k v cc hot ng trong file systemroot\Windows Update.log
trn a cng ni b ca my khch.
Wutrack.bin. Cc tng tc gia my khch vi my ch SUS s
c ghi li vo trong nht k thng k c bit ca my ch IIS,
thng
thng
c
lu
trong
folder
systemroot
\System32\Logfiles\W3svc1
Hnh 5-14. Nhn bit v thay i my ch giy php ca site bng Active
Directory Sites and Services
gn vai tr my ch giy php ca site cho mt my ch khc hoc my
ch qun tr min, nhn vo Change v la chn my tnh mun gn.
duy tr lch s ca cc giy php trong doanh nghip ca bn, bn phi dng
dch v License Logging trn my ch giy php mi ngay lp tc sau khi
chuyn giao vai tr v sau sao chp cc file sau y t my ch c sang
my ch giy php mi:
Systemroot\System32\Cpl.cfg, trong cha lch s vic mua bn ca
doanh nghip
Systemroot\Lls\Llsuser.lls, trong cha thng tin ngi dng v s
lng kt ni
Systemroot\Lls\Llsmap.lls, trong cha cc thng tin nhm giy
php
Sau khi tt c cc file c sao chp, khi ng dch v License Logging
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
227
TNG KT
Microsoft pht hnh cc bn cp nht cho h iu hnh di dng cc
bn service pack v hotfix
Mt bn service pack l mt tp hp ca cc bn cp nht m c
kim th cng nhau v c ph chun ci t trong tt c cc my
tnh
Mt hotfix l mt bn v li gii quyt mt vn n l no v
c gii thch trong mt bi vit i km ca Microsoft Knowledge
Base. Cc hotfix khng cn thit phi ci t trn tt c cc my tnh,
mt s ch dnh cho cc my tnh thc hin cc tc v c bit hoc
gp phi s c c th no .
Cc bn service pack c th c ly v t Microsoft trn mt a CD
ch vi mt t l ph hoc c th ti min ph trn Internet. Nu cc
bn service pack ny l mt file n, n c th c gii nn bng
cch thc hin file vi kha chuyn /X
Cc bn service pack c th c trin khai mt cch th cng trn
mi my tnh, tch hp trong bn ci t gc ca h iu hnh
(slipstreamed) v c th t ng ci t thng qua cc chnh sch
nhm.
Microsoft Software Update Services cho php bn tp trung v qun
l cc ph chun v phn phi ca cc bn cp nht then cht trong
Windows cng nh cc bn v bo mt ca Windows. Mt hay nhiu
my ch SUS cha danh sch cc bn cp nht c ph chun v bn
thn cc file cp nht, vic cha cc file cp nht ny l mt ty chn
nhng kh thng dng, Phn mm my khch Automatic Update
c cu hnh, thng thng thng qua cc GPO, ly cc bn cp
nht t cc my ch SUS trong intranet thay cho ly trc tip t
Microsoft Windows Update
Theo di v qun l cc giy php v s tun th ca ngi dng l
mt phn quan trng ca nhim v qun tr. Windows Server 2003
cho php bn cp cc giy php cho cc kt ni ng thi cho mt
my ch c th hoc duy tr giy php cho mi thit b hoc ngi
dng m kt ni n bt k my ch no trong doanh nghip ca bn.
Cc giy php c ng b gia my ch dch v License Logging
v my ch giy php ca site. My ch giy php ca site c th
c nhn bit thng qua Active Directory Sites And Services, tuy
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
232
BI TP THC HNH
Bi tp thc hnh 5-1: S dng Windows Update
Trong bi tp thc hnh ny, bn s dng Windows Update ti cc bn
hotfix mi nht cho Windows Server 2003
1. ng nhp vo my tnh Windows Server 2003 m c kh nng truy
cp Internet bng ti khon Administrator
2. Kt ni vo Internet (nu cn)
3. Nhn Start, tr vo All Program v la chn Windows Update. Site
Windows Update xut hin, sau hp thoi Security Warning xut
hin, hi bn c mun ti v ci t ng dng Windows Update hay
khng.
4. Xem cc cnh bo bo mt m bo rng ni dung c k bi
Microsoft v nhn Yes tip tc
5. Nhn vo lin kt Scan For Updates (Qut cc bn cp nht)
6. Nhn vo lin kt Review And Install Updates (Xem qua v ci t
cc bn cp nht)
7. Xem li cc bn cp nht c lit k v nhn vo Install Now. Mt
hp thoi Microsoft Windows Update xut hin, cha tha thun giy
php cho cc bn cp nht ny.
8. Nhn Accept ng vi cc iu khon trong tha thun giy
php. Mt hp thoi Windows Update xut hin, cha mt thanh ch
th tin trnh
9. Khi vic ci t hon thnh, nu cc bn cp nht ci t yu cu khi
ng li, mt thng bo Microsoft Internet Explorer xut hin, nhc
nh bn khi ng li h thng. Nhn OK khi ng li h thng.
CC CU HI N TP
1. Bn ang cu hnh mt c s h tng Software Update Services s
dng kin trc cha/con lng lo. Mt my ch c ng b cc d
liu metadata v ni dung t Windows Update. Cc my ch khc
(mt my trong mt site) c ng b ni dung t my ch SUS
mc cha. Cc bc no sau y c yu cu hon thnh c s h
tng SUS? (La chn tt c cc cu tr li ng)
a. Cu hnh my khch Automatic Update s dng Control Panel
trong mi my.
b. Cu hnh GPO hng cc my khch vo my ch SUS
trong site ca chng.
c. Cu hnh mt im phn phi ni dung mt cch th cng
d. Ph chun cc bn cp nht bng cch s dng trang qun tr
SUS trn cc my ch mc con
2. Bn ang cu hnh SUS cho mt nhm cc my ch Web. Bn mun
cc my ch Web ny t cp nht hng m da trn mt danh sch
cc bn cp nht c ph chun trn my ch SUS. Tuy nhin, khi
mt ngi qun tr ng nhp vo, thc hin vic bo tr vo lc m
mun trn my ch Web v bn khng mun ci t cc bn cp nht
v c th yu cu khi ng li lm nh hng n cc tc v ny.
Chnh sch cu hnh Windows Update no m bn s dng trong kch
bn ny?
a. Notify For Download And Notify For Install
b. Auto Download And Notify For Install
c. Auto Download And Schedule The Install
d. Auto Download And Install Immediately
3. Bn mun tt c my khch trn mng ti v ci t cc bn cp nht
mt cch t ng vo gi m v bn cu hnh lp lch cch ci t
cho Automatic Update. Tuy nhin, bn pht hin ra rng mt s ngi
dng tt my tnh ca h vo bui m v cc bn cp nht khng
c p dng. Chnh sch nhm no cho php bn x l tnh hung
ny m khng phi thay i lch ci t?
a. Ch nh mt Intranet Microsoft Update Service Location
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH WINDOWS SERVER 2003
235
For
Scheduled
Automatic
Updates
PHN 2
QUN L V DUY TR
H IU HNH
CHNG 6: LM VIC VI TI
KHON NGI DNG
Trc khi bt c ngi dng no c th truy nhp vo my tnh chy
Microsoft Windows 2003 t bt c bng iu khin no hoc qua mng th
hc u phi c xc thc. Xc thc l mt qu trnh nhn dng v xc
nhn cc iu kin ca ngi dng. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, qu trnh
xc thc yu cu ngi dng cung cp tn ti khon v mt khu my
ch kim tra bn ghi trc khi truy nhp. Qun l ti khon ngi dng
v mt khu l mt trong cc tc v thng thng ca ngi qun tr. Trong
chng ny, cc bn s hc cch to, qun l v x l cc tnh hung xy ra
i vi ti khon ngi dng.
Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c kh nng:
Hiu c s khc nhau gia ti khon ngi dng cc b, ti
khon ngi dng min.
Lp k hoch to ti khon ngi dng.
To v qun l ti khon ngi dng.
To v qun l ti khon ngi dng bng mu (template), nhp
vo t ngun c sn v cc cng c dng dng lnh.
Qun l khi lc ngi dng (User Profile)
Hiu c s khc nhau gia cc khi lc cc b (Local), di tr
(Roaming) v bt buc (Mandatory).
X l cc tnh hung i vi vic xc thc ngi dng.
MIN (Domain)
M hnh min do Microsoft Windows 2003, Microsoft Windows XP v
Microsoft Windows 2000 s dng da trn nn tng dch v Microsoft
Active Directory.
Trong chng 1, bn hiu v kin trc v chc nng ca Active
Directory. Cc Ti khon Ngi dng Active Directory nm di dng ca
cc i tng Ngi dng, v chng c lu, cng ging nh tt c cc
thng tin ca Active Directory, trn my tnh iu khin min, ni m chng
c th c truy nhp ti t mi ni trong min. Khi ng nhp bng ti
khon ngi dng min ngi dng s c xc thc bi my ch iu
khin min, ch khng phi bi my tnh m ngi dng ang lm vic hoc
truy nhp vo.
Ti khon ngi dng min gm c tn ng nhp v mt khu, tn ny l
duy nht v c gi l m nhn dng bo mt (SID - Security Identifier).
Trong khi ng nhp, Active Directory xc thc tn ngi dng v mt khu
a vo. Tip theo, h thng bo mt s to th truy nhp tng ng vi
ngi dng ny. Th truy nhp cha m nhn dng bo mt ca ti khon
ngi dng v m nhn dng bo mt cc nhm ca ngi dng ny. Th
ny sau c th c s dng kim tra li quyn gn cho ngi
dng, bao gm c quyn ng nhp cc b v quyn c php truy nhp
vo ti nguyn c bo mt bi danh sch iu khin truy nhp(ACLsAccess Control Lists).
Trong m hnh min, mi ngi dng ch c mt ti khon min, nh vy s
gim nh cng vic ca ngi qun tr mng. Ch mt ti khon ny c th
c ngi dng s dng truy nhp vo mi ti nguyn trn mng. CSDL
Active Directory thng xuyn c ng b gia cc my tnh iu khin
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
243
T TN CHO TI KHON
Khi bn to ti khon ngi dng, c dng cc b v min, bn phi xc
nh Firt Name (Tn gi) v Last Name (H) ca ngi dng, nhng thc
s c dng khi ng nhp v xc thc l tn ti khon. Tn ca ti khon
ngi dng cc b v ti khon ngi dng min c di ti a cho php
l 20 k t, nhng thun li cho ngi dng nn t ngn hn. Cc tn
khng phn bit ch hoa ch thng (mc d Microsoft Windows 2003 gi
nguyn kiu ch bn nhp vo) v khng c cha cc k t sau:
LA CHN MT KHU
Ngy nay, bo mt nh hng mnh m n nhim v ca qun tr trn ton
mng v vic to ti khon ngi dng cng khng thuc ngoi l. Khi to
ti khon ngi dng mi bn phi xc nh mt khu v p dng chnh sch
vi mt khu tu theo mc bo mt m t chc ca bn mun.
Mc nh, khi to ti khon ngi dng min trong Microsoft Windows
2003, bn phi t mt khu dng phc tp, c di ti thiu 7 k t.
Nhng rng buc ny bc n nh ti chnh sch nhm, c cu hnh mc
nh ti Default Domain Policy Group Object - GPO. Ti khon ngi dng
cc b s khng b cc rng buc ny. Bn c th iu chnh li cc rng
buc v cc quy tc gn mt khu mc nh bng cch s dng bng iu
khin Group Policy Object Editor sa li cc thit lp chnh sch mt
khu.
Enforce Password History: Xc nh s lng mt khu khc nhau
trc khi ngi dng c php s dng li mt khu c, gi tr mc
nh l 24.
Th
General
Address
(Personal information)
Telephones
Organization
Account
Profile
management)
Dial-in
COM+
Th General
Th Address
Th Address gm cc trng thng tin cho php qun tr nhp cc thng tin
a ch ngi dng vo Active Directory.
Th Telephones
Th Organization
Th Account
Th Account cha cc trng User Logon Name, UPN Suffix, and User
Logon Name (PreWindows 2000) c cc gi tr bn a vo khi to ngi
dng, tu theo bn la chn t ttrnh hng dn Create Object User. Th
ny cng s bao gm mt s cc tu chn khc nh sau.
Logon Hours (Gi ang nhp): Hin hp thoi Logon Hours, ti
qun tr c th t thi gian hng ngy hoc theo ngy xc nh trong
tun m ngi dng s c php ng nhp vo min. Mc nh,
tnh nng ny ch cm ngi dng ng nhp vo. Nu ngi dng
ng nhp v ht thi gian cho php th s khng b ngt. Nhng nu
trong Network Security ti i tng chnh sch nhm (GPO) chn
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
260
Th Profile
Cho php qun tr cho php ngi dng kt ni vo Terminal Servers (My
ch Dch v u cui) v ch nh v tr ca User Profile v Home Folder
s c p dng khi ngi dng kt ni vo Terminal Server.
Th Environment
Th Remote Control
Th Sessions
Th Dial-in
Th COM+
Account
Address
Profile
Organization
Thuc tnh
Description
Office
Telephone Number
Fax
Web Page
E-mail
UPN Suffix
Logon Hours
Computer Restrictions
Account Options
Account Expires
Street
P.O. Box
City
State/Province
Zip/Postal Code
Country/Region
Profile Path
Logon Script
Home Folder
Title
Department
Company
Manager
General
Khng
Address
Telephones
Khng
Organization
Tt c, ngoi tr Title
Account
Profile
Member Of
Tt c
Khng
Khng
Remote Control
Khng
Sessions
Khng
Dial-in
Khng
COM+
Khng
LU : To ng thi nhiu Templates. Tu theo quy m ca t
chc v mc phc tp cu hnh i tng ngi dng, bn phi
to ng thi mt s cc i tng mu ti cc v tr khc nhau
trong cy Active Directory. V d, to ring r cc i tng mu
ca ngi dng ti mi OU s cho php bn cu hnh cc gi tr
thuc tnh theo tng OU .
To CSV file
Phn kh nht ca vic s dng CSV Directory Exchange to i tng
ngi dng nm chnh bn thn nh dng ca file CSV. Dng u ca file
CSV c gi l tiu , bt buc phi bao gm danh sch cc thuc tnh c
trong tt c cc hng tip theo. Bn lit k cc thuc tnh s dng tn gn
cho chng trong Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), l giao
thc giao tip Active Directory tiu chun. Dng CSV tiu c dng tiu
biu nh sau:
DN,ObjectClass,sAMAccountName,sn,givenName,UserPrincipalName
Trong dng ny, tn trng i din cho cc thuc tnh nh sau:
DN: Distinguished Name (DN), n xc nh khng ch ring tn ca
i tng m c v tr ca n trong cy phn cp AD. DN gm c tn
thng dng (Common Name - CN) ca ngi dng v tip theo sau l
tn ca tt c cc i tng cha bn trn ca n, ton b ng i ti
gc (Root, Top) ca cy.
ObjectClass: Xc nh kiu ca i tng.
sAMAccountName: Xc nh preWindows 2000 logon Name ca
i tng
sn: Xc nh tn h (Surname) ca ngi dng
givenName: Xc nh tn gi (first Name) ca ngi dng
UserPrincipalName: Xc nh UPN y , bao gm c tn, ca
ngi dng min (UserName@DomainName.com).
Cc dng tip theo sau tiu (header) phi xc nh gi tr cho tng thuc
tnh lit k trn tiu . V d cc bn ghi trong file CSV nh sau:
"CN=Scott Bishop,OU=Employees,DC=ACNA,DC=com",
User,sbishop,Bishop,Scott,scott.bishop@ACNA.com
File ny, khi c nhp vo, s to i tng ngi dng trong OU
Employees c tn l Scott Bishop. Logon Name, First Name v Last Name
cng c cu hnh bng file CSV ny. y ch l mt v d n gin ca
Nhp vo tp CSV
Sau khi bn to to c file CSV c nh dng chun, c cha cc
thng tin ca rt nhiu cc i tng Active Directory, bn c th nhp
chng vo CSDL th mc ca bn tt c cng lc bng cch chy chng
trnh Csvde.exe t ca s dng lnh ca Windows cng vi tn ca file
CSV, theo c php sau:
csvde i f FileName k
Chc nng ca cc tham s nh sau:
-i : Chuyn sang ch nhp. Nu khng c tham s ny th ngm
nh l ch kt xut ra.
-f fileName: Xc nh tn ca file CSV s c nhp vo
k: Buc chng trnh b qua cc li, v d nh Object already
exists(i tng tn ti) , constraint violation(vi phm cc
rng buc) attribute or value already exists (thuc tnh hay gi tr
Ngun
My Documents
My Pictures
Printer settings
Certificate store
KIM NH XC THC
Nu bn lo lng rng c th c cc cuc tn cng d tm mt khu hoc bn
mun bit thm thng tin v khc phc cc vn s c xc thc, bn c th
cu hnh Chnh sch Kim nh ghi cc s kin li vo nhtj k bo mt
(Security log) gip bn thy r qu trnh xc thc din ra nh th no..
Cc chnh sch kim nh sau c t ti Computer Configuration
\Windows Settings\Security Settings\Local Policies\Audit Policy c hai
bng iu khin Group Policy Object Editor v Local Security Policy. Bn
c th cu hnh ghi li cc s kin thnh cng hoc b li.
Audit Account Logon Events: Ghi li tng s kin ng nhp thnh
cng hoc li. i vi My ch iu khin Min, chnh sch ny
c xc nh trong Chnh sch My ch iu khin Min Mc nh
(Default Domain Controllers Policy GPO). Vic kch hot chnh sch
trn s khi to mt mc vo ca nht k bo mt trn My ch iu
khin Min mi ln ngi dng ng nhp trc tip hoc qua mng s
dng ti khon min. nh gi y kt qu ca vic kim nh
bn phi kim tra nht k bo mt trn tt c cc My ch iu khin
TNG KT
Cc my tnh chy Windows Server 2003 c th c ti khon ngi
dng cc b v min. Ti khon ngi dng cc b c lu ti h
thng cc b v c th cho ngi dng truy nhp vo ch cc ti
nguyn cc b m thi. Ti khon ngi dng min ti CSDL
Active Directory ca My ch iu khin Min v cho ngi dng
truy nhp vo ton b ti nguyn trn mng.
to ti khon ngi dng min, bn phi l thnh vin ca nhm
Enterprise Admins, Domain Admins hoc Account Operators. Hoc
bn phi c u quyn to i tng ngi dng.
i tng ngi dng gm cc thuc tnh chnh tng ng vi ti
khon ngi dng, bao gm tn ng nhp, mt khu v m nhn
dng bo mt (SID) ca ngi dng. Chng cn bao gm mt s cc
thuc tnh lin quan n c nhn ngi dng m n i din nh
thng tin c nhn, quaqn h nhm v cc thit lp qun tr. Windows
Server 2003 cho php bn c th thay i mt s cc thuc tnh ny
cho nhiu i tng ngi dng mt cch ng thi.
i tng ngi dng mu (Template) l cc i tng c sao
chp trong qu trnh to cc ngi dng mi. Nu mu khng l ngi
dng tht, n nn l v hiu ho. Ch mt s cc thuc tnh ca
ngi dng l c chp t mu.
CSV Directory Exchange cho php bn c th nhp cc i tng t
tp vn bn c phn cch cc trng bi du phy (,).
Windows Server 2003 gm cc cng c dng dng lnh m bn c th
s dng to v qun l cc i tng Active Directory bao gm c
Dsadd.exe v Dsmod.exe
Khi lc ngi dng l cc tp cc Folder ca cc Folder v file to
thnh mi trng cho ngi dng xc nh. Khi lc ngi dng
gm cc ti liu c nhn, biu tng trn mn hnh nn, cc thc n
Start shortcut v cc thit lp Control Panel nh mu mn hnh,
Windows Server 2003 to khi lc ngi dng ring cho tng c
nhn ng nhp vo h thng. Khi lc Ngi dng c t mc
nh cc b ti Systemdrive\Documents and Settings\UserName.
Khi lc ngi dng cc b c ti a cc b, cn khi lc
ngi dng di tr trn my ch. Khi lc Ngi dng Di tr cung
cp cho ngi dng c cng khi lc ngi dng t bt k my tnh
no trn mng.
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
291
BI TP THC HNH
Bi tp thc hnh 6-1: Thay i cc Thit lp Chnh sch Mt
khu
Trong Bi tp thc hnh ny, bn sa li cc thit lp chnh sch mt khu
mc nh trn my tnh ca bn.
1. ng nhp vo Windows Sever 2003 domain nh Administrator.
2. Bm chn Strat, ch n Administrative Tools v chn Active
Directory Users And Computer, khi s xut hin bng iu khin
Active Directory Users And Compute.
3. Chn i tng min, chn thc n Action, chn Properties, xut
hin hp thoi Properties .
4. Ti th Group Policy, chn Default Domain Policy v chn Edit,
xut hin bng iu khin Group Policy Object Editor.
5. Di Computer Configuration, m Windows Settings, Security
Settings v Account Policies, sau chn Password Policy.
6. Kch p Minimum Password Length policy, xut hin hp thoi
Minimum Password Length Properties.
7. Thay i Minimum Password Length thnh 8 k t v sau chn
OK.
8. Kch p Maximum Password Age, xut hin hp thoi Maximum
Password Age Properties.
9. Thay i thit lp maximum password age thnh 7 ngy, sau chn
OK.
10. ng bng iu khin Group Policy Object Editor.
11. Bm OK v ng hp thoi Properties ca min.
12. ng the bng iu khin Active Directory Users And Computers.
CC CU HI N TP
1. Bn s dng bng iu khin Active Directory Users And Computers
cu hnh i tng ngi dng trong min, v bn c th thay i
thuc tnh address v telephone number ca i tng ngi dng.
Tuy nhin, Lnh New User khng chn c. Hy gii thch?
2. Cc thuc tnh no sau y c th cu hnh ng thi trn hn mt i
tng ngi dng.
a. Password Never Expires
b. Direct Reports
c. User Must Change Password At Next Logon
d. Last Name
e. Logon Hours
f. Computer Restrictions (Logon Workstations)
g. User Logon Name
h. Title
3. Trong ba phng php to ng thi nhiu i tng ngi dng
tho lun trong chng ny, phng php no l hiu qu nht sinh
ra 100 i tng ngi dng mi, vi tt c cc thuc tnh xc nh
ca Profile Path, Home Folder, Title, Web Page, Company,
Department v Manager
4. Bin no c th c s dng trong vi lnh chng trnh Dsadd.exe
v Dsmod.exe to folder ch v folders Profile cho ngi dng
xc nh.
a. %Username%
b. $Username$
c. CN=Username
d. <Username>
5. Bn lm th no to mt khi lc ngi dng di tr bt buc?
a. Cu hnh Cp php trong thuc tnh Security ca folder vi
quyn write l Deny.
b. Cu hnh Cp php trong thuc tnh Sharing ca folder vi ch
c quyn read only l allow.
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
295
LM VIC VI NHM
CHNG 7: LM VIC VI
NHM
Trong chng 6, bn bit cc i tng ngi dng cung cp s truy cp
n cc ti nguyn trong mng s dng Active Directory cho cc ngi s
dng mng nh th no. Mt cng c qun tr quan trng khc l i tng
Nhm (Group Object). S dng Nhm, cc qun tr vin c th n gin ha
qu trnh cp php truy cp cho ngi dng. Trong chng ny bn s c
hc v cc loi nhm m Active Directory h tr, to chng nh th no, v
lm th no c th s dng chng mt cch hiu qu.
Kt thc chng ny, bn c th
Hiu c cc chc nng ca Nhm v cch s dng chng nh
th no.
Hiu c s khc nhau gia Nhm Cc b (Local Group) v
Nhm Min (Domain Group).
Nhn bit hai Kiu Nhm (Group type) v ba loi Phm vi Nhm
(Group Scope) v lm th no s dng chng c hiu qu.
Lit k cc Nhm Dng sn (Build-in) v cc Nhm Xc nh
Trc (Predefined) trong Microsoft Windows Server 2003.
Hiu c s khc nhau gia cc Nhm v cc nhm ng nht
c bit (Special Identities)
-298-
LM VIC VI NHM
HIU V NHM
ngi dng c kh nng truy cp cc ti nguyn trn mng Active
Directory, h nht thit phi c cc cp php thch hp. Cc th mc, a,
my in c chia s, v ni rng hn l tt c cc loi ti nguyn khc trn
mng u c mt Danh sch Kim sot Truy cp (Access Control List ACL). ACL chnh l danh sch ca cc i tng c cho php truy cp
n ti nguyn, theo cc mc truy cp khc nhau m mi i tng c
cp. Trong Microsoft Windows Server 2003, ACL c hin th ti th
Sercurity (Bo mt) ca phn ln trong bt c hp thoi Properties no, nh
c th hin trong hnh 7-1. Cc i tng trong ACL c gi l
Sercurity Principals (i tng bo mt). Bn c th s dng Di tng
ngi dng nh l cc i tng Bo mt trao cho ngi dng quyn
truy cp n cc ti nguyn h cn, do i lng ngi dng xc nh tnh
duy nht ca ngi dng thng qua qu trnh xc thc
-299-
LM VIC VI NHM
-300-
LM VIC VI NHM
-301-
LM VIC VI NHM
-302-
LM VIC VI NHM
-303-
LM VIC VI NHM
-304-
LM VIC VI NHM
S DNG NHM CC B
Trong chng 6, bn bit Windows Server 2003 h tr c hai loi ti
khon: Ti khon ngi dng Cc b, v Ti khon ngi dng trong Min.
Mi vic cng ng nh vy vi Nhm. Windows Server 2003 h tr cc
Nhm Cc b (Local Group) v Nhm trn Min (Domain Group).
Mt nhm Cc b l mt tp hp ca cc Ti khon ngi dng Cc b trn
mt my tnh nht nh. Nhm cc b thc hin cng cc chc nng c bn
ca Nhm: n cho php bn c th gn cc Cp php cho nhiu ngi dng
trong cng mt bc thc hin. Bn to Nhm cc b bng Snap-in Local
Users And Groups c tch hp trong bng iu khin Computer
Management (c th truy cp t nhm chng trnh Administrative
Tools), nh ch ra trong hnh 7-5. Khi bn to ta Nhm Cc b, h thng
s lu chng ti CSDL ca Trnh Qun l Ti khon bo mt (Security
Accounts Manager - SAM)
Cc nhm Cc b cng c nhng hn ch ging nh i vi cc ngi dng
cc b. Cc hn ch ca nhm cc b c lit k sau:
Bn ch c th s dng Nhm Cc b ch trn my tnh ni bn to ra
n.
Ch c cc ngi dng cc b trn cng my tnh c th l thnh vin
ca Nhm cc b.
-305-
LM VIC VI NHM
-306-
LM VIC VI NHM
-307-
LM VIC VI NHM
-308-
LM VIC VI NHM
-309-
LM VIC VI NHM
-310-
LM VIC VI NHM
-311-
LM VIC VI NHM
Phm vi
nhm cc
b min
Global
Universal
Thnh vin i vi cp
chc nng Windows 2000
Mixed hay Windows Server
2003 Interim: Ti khon
ngi dng, My tnh v
nhm global t bt c min
no
Ti khon ngi dng, My
tnh trong cng min
Khng p dng
Chuyn i nhm
Khi bn to nhm, bn phi xc nh kiu v phm vi ca n. Mc d vy,
trong min s dng cp chc nng Wind 2000 Native hay Windows Server
2003, bn c th chuyn i cc nhm to sang phm vi khc bt c lc
no, c lu n mt s hn ch trong quan h thnh vin. Bng 7-2 tng
kt cc chuyn i Phm vi nhm c php v cc iu kin cn thit
chuyn i.
-312-
LM VIC VI NHM
n Domain Local
Khng p dng
Khng c php
Khng hn ch
n Global
Khng c
php
n Universal
Cho php ch trong
trng hp khng c
thnh vin l nhm
cc b min
Khng p dng Cho php nu khng
l thnh vin ca
nhm Global khc
Cho php nu
Khng p dng
khng c nhm
Universal khc
l thnh vin
-313-
LM VIC VI NHM
CC NHM MC NH CA WINDOWS
SERVER 2003
Windows Server 2003 s t ng to ra mt s ln cc nhm trong cha
cc Ti khon ngi dng dng sn. Bn c th s dng cc nhm ny, thay
i chng nu cn (trong mt vi trng hp), hay to ra cc nhm mi ca
ring bn. C bn loi nhm mc nh trong Windows Server 2003: Nhm
Cc b dng sn, ch tn ti trong trng hp my tnh khng phi l My
ch Qun tri Min, v ba loi nhm mc nh trong Active Directory nhm xc nh trc (Predefined Group), nhm dng sn (Built-in
Group), v nhm ng nht c bit (Special Identities Group). Ta s tho
lun v cc nhm mc nh ny trong phn tip theo.
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
-314-
LM VIC VI NHM
-315-
LM VIC VI NHM
-316-
LM VIC VI NHM
-317-
LM VIC VI NHM
-318-
LM VIC VI NHM
-319-
LM VIC VI NHM
-320-
LM VIC VI NHM
-321-
LM VIC VI NHM
-322-
LM VIC VI NHM
-323-
LM VIC VI NHM
-324-
LM VIC VI NHM
Account Operators
Administrators,
domain local
-325-
LM VIC VI NHM
Server Operators
-326-
LM VIC VI NHM
-327-
LM VIC VI NHM
gm Authenticated
Anonymous.
Users,
ti
khon
Guest
nhm
To nhm cc b
to nhm cc b trong Windows Server 2003, bn bt buc phi lm vic
trn my ch c lp hay my ch thnh vin do My ch Qun tri Min
khng c nhm cc b. bn cng nht thit phi ng nhp vi mt ti
khon ngi dng l thnh vin ca nhm cc b Administrators hay
nhm cc b Power Users (hoc nhm Domain Admins trong min, m
bn thn n l thnh vin ca nhm cc b Administrators).
to ra nhm cc b, bn theo cc bc sau:
1. ng nhp vo my tnh vi ti khon Administrator (hoc c th
s dng cc ti khon khc c cc c quyn thch hp).
2. Nhn chut vo Start, tr n Administrative Tools v chn
Computer Management. Bng iu khin Computer
Management xut hin.
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
-328-
LM VIC VI NHM
-329-
LM VIC VI NHM
-330-
LM VIC VI NHM
-331-
LM VIC VI NHM
-332-
LM VIC VI NHM
sch Nhm cho chng. gn cc Quyn ngi dng cho nhm trong cc
i tng cha ny, bn phi s dng GPO p dng cho Min (Domain) hay
V tr (Site), v cc Chnh sch nh vy s c tt c cc i tng trong
Min hay trong V tr (Site) tha k.
to i tng nhm, bn chn i tng cha trong Phm vi ca bng
iu khin Active Directory Users And Computers v t thc n
Action, tr n New v chn Group. Hp thoi New Object Group s xut hin nh trong hnh 7-11.
-333-
LM VIC VI NHM
-334-
LM VIC VI NHM
-335-
LM VIC VI NHM
-336-
LM VIC VI NHM
LU
Mc ch k thi mc ch ca k thi 70-290 yu cu
sinh vin c kh nng Nhn dng v thay i Phm vi ca nhm.
thay i Kiu nhm, m hp thoi Properties ca nhm trong bng iu
khin Active Directory Users And Computers, nh hnh 7-16. Trn th
General bn c th nhn thy Group Type option (cc la chn Kiu
nhm), nhn chut vo la chn cha c chn v nhn OK.
Qu trnh thay i Phm vi nhm cng ging ht nh vy, ngoi tr vic bn
chn mt trong cc Group Scope Option trong th General. Bng iu
khin ch cho php bn chn cc phm vi c th. Trong hnh i ay, vi d,
bn c th thy la chn Domain Local khng c hiu lc do bn khng
th chuyn i nhm Global thnh nhm domain local. Xem bng 7-2
bit thm cc thng tin v cc phm vi bn c php chuyn i.
Xa nhm
Cng nh i vi i tng ngi dng, mi i tng nhm bn to ra
trong Active Directory l c mt nh danh Bo mt (Security Identifier SID) duy nht v khng s dng li c. Windows Server 2003 s dng
SID nhn dng nhm v cc Cp php c gn cho n. Khi bn xa
nhm, Windows Server 2003 khng s dng cng SID li cho nhm mt
ln na, thm ch nu bn to nhm mi cng tn vi nhm xa. Do vy,
bn khng th phc hi cc Cp php truy cp bn gn cho ti nguyn
-337-
LM VIC VI NHM
QUN L NHM T NG
Mc d bng iu khin Active Directory Users And Computers l mt
cng c thun tin trong vic to v qun l nhm, n vn khng phi l
phng php hiu qu nht trong vic to mt s lng ln cc i tng
bo mt. Cc cng c dng lnh Active Directory do Windows Server 2003
cung cp gip bn c kh nng to v qun l cc nhm vi s lng ln
bng cch s dng cc file b hoc cc kch bn (script), tng t nh diu
cc bn lm trong chng 6 i vi ngi dng. Chng ta s tho lun v
mt vi cng c nh vy trong phn di y.
LU
Mc ch ca k thi
Mc ch ca k thi 70-290
yu cu cc sinh vin c kh nng To v qun l nhm bng cch
s dng cc cng c t ng.
-338-
LM VIC VI NHM
-339-
LM VIC VI NHM
-u UserName
-p {Password | *}
LU
Ch nh mt khu khi s dng Dsadd.exe s dng k
t thay th * cng vi kha p thay cho vic nhp mt khu s
lm cho chng trnh nhc bn nhp mt khu trc khi thc hin
lnh.
-340-
LM VIC VI NHM
-341-
LM VIC VI NHM
display
tel
email
memberof
trc tip
expand
Hin th danh sch cc nhm qui m ngi dng l
thnh vin
V d, hin th danh sch cc nhm m ngi dng l thnh vin, ta s
dng cu lnh sau:
dsget user "CN=Administrator,CN=Users,DC=ACNA,DC=com
Memberof
LU
Mc ch ca k thi
Mc ch ca k thi 70-290 yu
cu cc sinh vin c kh nng Tm cc nhm trn min m mt
ngi dng c th no l thnh vin.
-342-
LM VIC VI NHM
TNG KT
Nhm l mt i tng gm c mt danh sch cc ngi dng. Bn
c th Cp php bo mt cho nhm bng cch thm n vo trong danh
sch ACL, ging nh bt c mt i tng bo mt no khc, v d
ngi dng hay My tnh. Tt c cc Cp php bn gn cho nhm s
c cc thnh vin trong nhm tha k.
Windows Server 2003 h tr cc nhm cc b v cc nhm Active
Directory trn min theo cng phng thc m n h tr cho
ngi dng cc b v ngi dng trn min.
Cp chc nng Active Directory ca min xc nh cc Kiu v Phm
vi ca nhm bn c th s dng, loi nhm no bn c th t trong
cc nhm khc, v loi nhm no bn c th chuyn i.
Trong Active Directory, c hai Kiu nhm: Bo mt (Securitiy) v
Phn phi (Distribution), v c ba loi Phm vi: Domain Local,
Global, Universal.
Nhm Bo mt c th c gn cc Cp php, trong khi nhm Phn
phi c s dng truy vn cc i tng cha, nh cc nhm
Phn phi E-mail, v khng th Cp php truy cp ti nguyn cho n.
Nhm cc b min c s dng gn cc Cp php truy cp cc ti
nguyn. Nhm Global nhm tp hp cc ngi dng c cng mt
nhu cu i vi ti nguyn. Nhm Universal c s dng chnh cho
vic truy cp n cc ti nguyn nm trn nhiu min.
to v qun l nhm cc b, bn s dng Snap-in Local Ussers
And Groups. to v qun l nhm Active Directory, bn s dng
bng iu khin Active Directory Users And Computers.
Bn c th to cc nhm trn min ti bt k i tng cha no hay
ti OU trong cy Active Directory.
K thut Nhm trong nhm (Nesting) l bn lm cho mt nhm ny
tr thnh thnh vin ca nhm kia.
Bn c th to ra hay chnh sa nhm bng cc cng c dng dng
lnh, v d nh: Dsadd.exe, Dsmod.exe, Dsget.exe.
-343-
LM VIC VI NHM
BI TP THC HNH
Bi tp thc hnh 7-1: To nhm Bo mt
Trong bi tp thc hnh ny, bn s to nhm Active Directory trn min
ca bn.
1. ng nhp vo My ch Qun tri Min Windows Server 2003 vi ti
khon ca Administrator.
2. Nhn Start, tr n Administrative Tools, v nhn Active Directory
Users And Computers. Bng iu khin Active Directory Users And
Computers xut hin.
3. Chn i tng cha Users trong Phm vi (scope pane), v trn
thc n Action, tr n New v nhn Group. Hp thoi New Object
Group xut hin.
4. Trong hp vn bn Group Name, g Accountants.
5. Trong hp Group Scope, chn ty chn Global, v nhn OK.
6. Thc hin cc bc tng t nh trn to nhm bo mt c Phm
vi Global th hai c tn Development.
-344-
LM VIC VI NHM
-345-
LM VIC VI NHM
CC CU HI N TP.
1. Loi nhm no trong min l ging nht so vi nhm cc b (Local
Group) trn cc my ch thnh vin? Chng ging nhau nh t no?
2. Trong min chy Cp chc nng Windows Server 2003, cc i tng
bo mt no c th l thnh vin ca nhm Global? (chn tt c cc
cu tr li ng).
a. Users
b. Computers
c. Universal groups
d. Global groups
3. Trong hp thoi Properties bn truy cp vo th no thm ngi
dng vo nhm?
4. Bn cn a nhm IT Administrators vo trong nhm Sales cc
thnh vin ca n c th truy cp n cng cc ti nguyn ( c
t cc Cp php trong ACL) nh l cc thnh vin ca nhm Sales.
T trang Properties ca nhm IT Administrator, bn cn truy cp th
no thc hin vic ny?
5. Nu mi trng ca bn c hai min, mt chy Windows Server
2003, mt chy Windows NT 4, cc phm vi nhm no bn c th s
dng gn cc Cp php i vi bt k ti nguyn no nm trn mt
My ch Qun tri Min bt k?
6. Cc s thay i phm vi nhm no sau y l c php? (Chn tt c
cc cu tr li ng.)
a. Global thnh universal
b. Domain local thnh universal
c. Universal thnh global
d. Domain local thnh local
e. Global thnh domain local
7. Bn s s dng cng c no to nhm cc b trn my tnh chy
Windows 2000 khng phi l My ch Qun tri Min?
8. Bn d nh xa nhm Bo mt Global bng bng iu khin Active
Directory Users And Computers, v bng iu khin khng cho php
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
-346-
LM VIC VI NHM
-347-
LM VIC VI NHM
-348-
CHNG 8: LM VIC VI TI
KHON MY TNH
Trong hai chng trc, bn tm hiu k v cc i tng ca Active
Directory nh ngi dng, nhm v OU, l cu trc logic cho php ngi
dng truy nhp vo cc ti nguyn trn mng. Tuy nhin, cn c cc i
tng ca Active Directory i din cho nhng ti nguyn c th, vt l v
mt trong nhng i tng quan trng nht ny l Computer Object (i
tng my tnh). Khng c i tng my tnh ngi dng vn c th c
cc Cp php truy nhp vo cc ti nguyn nhng h li khng c c ch
vt l cung cp truy nhp . Trong chng ny bn s tm hiu lm th no
to v qun l cc i tng my tnh trn mng Active Directory.
Sau khi hon thnh chng ny, bn c kh nng:
M t qu trnh a thm my tnh vo min Active Directory
To v qun l i tng My tnh
Gii quyt s c ca Ti khon My tnh
- 349 -
- 350 -
- 351 -
- 352 -
- 353 -
TO I TNG MY TNH
Vic to i tng My tnh lun lun phi xy ra trc khi my tnh tng
ng thc s c th kt ni vo Min, mc d n i khi khng xut hin theo
cch . C hai chin lc c bn cho vic to i tng My tnh trong
Active Directory:
To cc i tng My tnh trc s dng cng c Active Directory,
sao cho cc my tnh c th nh v cc i tng sn c khi chng gia
nhp Min.
Bt u qu trnh gia nhp Min trc v cho php my tnh ny t
to cc i tng My tnh ca mnh.
Trong mi trng hp, i tng My tnh lun xut hin trc khi s kin
my tnh gia nhp min xy ra. Ti chin lc th hai, qu trnh gia nhp
xut hin trc nhng my tnh s to ra i tng My tnh trc khi thc
s bt u qu trnh gia nhp Min.
Khi bn c mt s cc my tnh cn trin khai, c bit l nhiu v tr khc
nhau, hu ht cc qun tr thch to cc i tng My tnh trc hn. i
vi s lng my tnh ln thm ch c th thc hin qu trnh to cc i
tng My tnh t ng bng cch s dng cc cng c dng dng lnh v
cc file b (*.BAT). Trong cc phn tip theo ta s nghin cu cc cng c
bn c th s dng to cc i tng My tnh.
To cc i tng My tnh s dng Active Directory And Computers
Cng nh i vi cc i tng Ngi dng v i tng Nhm bn
nghin cu ti cc chng trc, tin ch chnh ca Windows Server 2003
to cc i tng My tnh l bng iu khin Active Directory Users
And Computers, nh c ch ra trong hnh 8-3.
- 354 -
- 355 -
- 356 -
- 357 -
- 358 -
"CN=webserver1,
CN=Computers,
DC=ACNA,
- 359 -
- 360 -
- 361 -
- 362 -
- 363 -
- 364 -
Hnh 8-9 Phn quyn ngi dng Default Domain Controllers Policy
iu quan trong cn phi lu v Quyn Ngi dng Add Workstations To
Domain, mc d vy, l Workstations l t c ngha nht. Ngi dng
xc thc c th thm ti 10 my trm vo Min cn my ch th khng.
iu ny c ngha my tnh phi chy Windows XP Professional, Windows
2000 Professional hoc mt trong nhng bn Active Directory my khch
thp hn. Ngi dng xc thc khng th nhp my tnh chy Windows
Server 2003 hoc Windows 2000 Server vo Min.
Nhp vo Min trong khi ci t h iu hnh
Mc d bn c th nhp mt my tnh Windows Server 2003 tn ti vo
Min bt k lc no, bn cng c th thc hin nhp chng trong khi ci t
h iu hnh. Khi trnh hng dn ci t Windows hin trang Workgroup
Or Computer Domain, nh trong hnh 8-10, bn c th ch ra tn ca Min
m my tnh s gia nhp. Bn c nhc vo ti khon ngi dng min v
mt khu xc thc vi My ch iu khin Min v qu trnh gia nhp
c din t trn.
- 365 -
nh v i tng My tnh
Mc nh, mi Min Active Directory mi c hai i tng Cha l
Computers v Domain Controllers, nh ch ra trong hnh 8-11. Khi bn to
Min bng cch thng cp My ch iu khin Min u tin, Trnh hng
dn ci t Active Directory to ra hai i tng Cha ny v tip l to
i tng My tnh cho My ch iu khin Min mi ti i tng Cha
Domain Controllers.
- 366 -
- 367 -
- 368 -
- 369 -
- 370 -
- 371 -
- 372 -
- 373 -
- 374 -
- 375 -
- 376 -
- 377 -
TNG KT
ngi dng ng nhp vo Min Active Directory, h khng ch
cn c i tng Ngi dng, m cn phi c c i tng i din
cho my tnh ca h. i tng My tnh i din cho mt h thng
c th trn mng v cha cc thng tin thuc tnh v h thng.
Cc i tng My tnh c chc nng nh l Ch th Bo mt . Bn
c th a chng vo cc nhm v gn cho chng cc Cp php.
thm my tnh vo Min, bn phi to i tng My tnh cho n
trong Active Directory v sau kt ni my vt l vi Min. i
tng My tnh c th c to trc hoc trong tin trnh kt ni.
Bn phi ng nhp vi t cch nh l thnh vin ca nhm
Administrators cc b thay i quan h thnh vin Min ca my
tnh.
to i tng My tnh bn c th s dng bng iu khin Active
Directory Users And Computers, tin ch Dsadd.exe hoc
Netdom.exe. Nhm Administrators v Account Operators c
quyn to i tng My tnh mi v bn cng c th u quyn thch
hp ti ngi dng v nhm khc.
i tng My tnh m khng ng vai tr l My ch iu khin
Min mc nh c t ti i tng Cha Computers . Bn khng
th p dng chnh sch nhm cho i tng Cha ny, bi vy cc
i tng My tnh thng c t ti OU thay cho vic t ti v tr
mc nh ny.
nhp mt my tnh vo Min, bn s dng th Computer Name ti
hp thoi System Properties hoc dng tin ch Netdom.exe. Nu i
tng My tnh ca my tnh cha tn ti th khi bn tin hnh nhp
n vo Min th h thng s to ra i tng ny (gi thit l bn c
cc Cp php cn thit to n.)
S dng bng iu khin Active Directory Users and Computers, tin
ch Dsmod.exe v Dsrm.exe, bn c th qun l cc thuc tnh ca
i tng My tnh cng nh xo, v hiu ho v khi to li chng.
i tng My tnh c M nh danh Bo mt - SID m Active
Directory s dng ch dn n cc quan h thnh vin nhm ca n
v cc Cp php khc. Vic b xo ngu nhin l nguyn nhn lm
cho SID ca n b mt khng cu li c, bt buc bn phi to li
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
- 378 -
- 379 -
BI TP THC HNH
Bi tp thc hnh 8-1: To i tng My tnh s dng Active
Directory Users And Computers
Trong bi tp thc hnh thc hnh ny, bn to i tng My tnh mi s
dng bng iu khin Active Directory Users and Computers.
1. ng nhp vo My ch iu khin Min Windows Server 2003 vi
t cch l Administrator.
2. Bm Start, tr ti Administrative tools v chn Active Directory
Users And Computers. Xut hin Bng iu khin Active Directory
Users And Computers.
3. Chn Computers i tng Cha v thc n Action tr ti New v
chn Computer. Xut hin New Object Computer trnh hng dn.
4. Ti hp Computer Name , g Computer1 v tip theo chn Next.
5. Bm Next v sau bm Finish. i tng My tnh ca Computer1
xut hin trong Computers i tng Cha.
- 380 -
CC CU HI N TP
1. Ti thiu cn phi l thnh vin ca nhm no c th to c ti
khon my tnh Windows Server 2003 trong mt OU ca Min? Cn
nhc tt c cc bc x l v gi thit l i tng My tnh ca h
thng ny cha tng tn ti trong Active Directory. (Chn tt c cc
cu tr li ng.)
a. Domain Admins
b. Enterprise Admins
c. Administrators trn My ch iu khin Min
d. Account Operators trn My ch iu khin Min
e. Server Operators trn My ch iu khin Min
f. Account Operators trn my tnh ny
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
- 381 -
- 382 -
CN=PSERVERS,
DC=ACNA,
CN=PSERVERS,
- 383 -
- 384 -
PHN 3
QUN L V DUY TR
CC NGUN TI
NGUYN CHIA S
- 385 -
CHNG 9: CHIA S CC TI
NGUYN H THNG FILE
Mt trong nhng l do chnh ca s tn ti cc mng d liu l kh nng
chia s cc file cho nhiu ngi s dng trn cc my tnh khc nhau. Trn
mt mng nh, chia s file thng l mt tin trnh thng thng c thc
hin bi ngi s dng u cui, tnh cht bo mt t c ch ti.
Tuy nhin, trn mt mng ln, m c bit l trong cc t chc thng
xuyn vn hnh vi cc d liu nhy cm. Ngi qun tr mng cn m bo
rng cc file cn thit c chia s, m bo chng phi c bo v
trnh nhng ph hy do yu t khch quan hoc ch quan v ch nhng
ngi no c xc thc mi c th lm vic vi chng.Trong chng ny,
chng ta s im li cc ni dung v cc yu cu chia s file cho nhng
ngi s dng mng mt cch hiu qu v an ton.
Hon thnh chng ny bn c kh nng:
To/qun l cc th mc chia s v lm vic vi cc Cp php chia
s
S dng cc Cp php truy cp NTFS kim sot qu trnh truy
cp n cc file
Qun l vic chia s file bng Microsoft Internet Information
Services
386
TM HIU V CC CP PHP
Cp php l mt trong nhng khi nim c bn trong qu trnh qun tr h
thng trn h iu hnh Windows Server 2003. Ni cch khc, Cp php l
mt c n c gn cho mt thc th xc nh nh mt ngi s dng,
nhm hoc my tnh chng hn nhm cho php thc th ny hnh thnh mt
hnh ng xc nh hoc truy cp ti mt ti nguyn c th. Windows
Server 2003 v tt c cc h iu hnh Windows khc s dng cc Cp php
theo mt lot cc phng php khc nhau kim sot truy cp ti cc
thnh phn khc nhau trn h iu hnh.
Windows Server 2003 c nhiu loi Cp php, trong ni bt l cc Cp
php c lit k di y. Mi loi Cp php ny c phn bit hon
ton vi nhau mc d chng c th c cp cho cng cc thnh phn h
thng.
Cc Cp php trn file: c s dng kim sot vic truy cp
ti cc file v th mc trn cc a NTFS. Tt c cc ngi dng
u s dng cc Cp php ny truy cp ti cc file v th mc
NTFS, bt k h ang lm vic trn mng hoc trn my tnh cha
d liu.
Cc Cp php chia s: c s dng kim sot vic truy cp ti
cc file/folder/my in c chia s. c th truy cp n cc ti
nguyn chia s ny, cc ngi dng phi c cc Cp php nht
nh.
Cc Cp php Active Directory: c s dng kim sot vic
truy cp ti cc i tng ca dch v Active Directory. Ngi
dng phi c mt s Cp php nht nh c th ng nhp vo
Min v truy cp ti cc ti nguyn trn mng. Ngi qun tr cn
c cc Cp php cao hn nhm duy tr cc c tnh ca cc i
tng v cu trc cy Active Directory.
Cc Cp php registry: c s dng kim sot vic truy cp
ti cc kha ca registry. c th thay i cc kha ny, ngi
qun tr cn c cc Cp php tng ng.
Trong s cc Cp php ni trn, mt s cn c s duy tr nhiu hn so vi
nhng ci cn li. Mt ngi qun tr mng thng thng c th lm vic
vi cc Cp php trn file mi ngy nhng s khng bao gi thay i bng
tay cc Cp php registry. Trong cc chng 6,7 v 8 bn c hc v
cc Cp php Active Directory nhm cho php ngi qun tr
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
387
388
Cc Cp php
Cc Cp php trong cc ACE c thit k nhm cung cp cho vic kim
sot truy cp mt cch tp trung cho cc thnh phn m chng cung cp. Khi
bn gn Cp php truy cp n mt th mc cho mt ngi dng, vic truy
cp khng ch n thun l C hay Khng. Bn c nhiu la chn cho php
xc nh mc truy cp m ngi dng nhn c. Mi Cp php ca h
thng Cp php c lit k trn u c mt danh sch cc Cp php ring
r nhm xc nh cc loi ti nguyn m chng kim sot. Khi to mt ACE,
bn la chn mt ch th bo mt sau la chn cc Cp php ring l m
bn nh gn cho i tng .
V d, cc Cp php NTFS cho php bn xc nh mt ngi dng c kh
nng c cc file trong mt th mc nhng khng c php thay i chng
hoc bn cng c th cp nhiu Cp php hn so vi nhu cu ca anh ta.
Ty thuc vo ti nguyn bn ang lm vic, bn c th c hng t cc Cp
php khc nhau, bn c th kt hp chng theo bt k cch no m bn
thch.
Trong mt s trng hp, s lng cc Cp php chnh xc c th lm cho
ngi qun tr ACL cm thy phc tp. n gin ha vn ny,
Windows Server 2003 s dng 02 mc Cp php: cc Cp php Chun v
Cp php c bit. Cc Cp php Chun l cc Cp php m bn nhn thy
trong th Security trong hp thoi Properties. y l cc Cp php m bn
c th lm vic hng ngy do chng cung cp iu khin c bn ti thnh
phn c bo v.
Tuy nhin, cc Cp php Chun l s kt hp ca hai hay nhiu Cp php
c bit (bn c th c thm v vic s dng cc Cp php c bit ny
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
389
390
Tnh k tha
Mt trong nhng c tnh quan trng ca cc h thng Cp php trn
Windows Server 2003 l cc i tng con s tha hng cc Cp php
t i tng cha. Cc Cp php lun lun i theo mt dng chy da trn
tnh cht phn cp ca h thng file, kin trc phn cp ca dch v Active
Directory hay cu trc ca registry. Khi bn gn Cp php truy cp n mt
th mc NTFS hoc chia s, mt i tng Active Directory hoc kha
registry cho mt i tng bo mt no , i tng ny cng s nhn
c cc Cp php ging ht khi truy cp n cc th mc con bn trong th
mc NTFS hoc chia s, cc i tng con bn trong i tng Active
Directory hoc cc kha con bn trong mt kha xc nh.
V d, bn gn Cp php cho mt ngi dng ti th mc gc ca a
NTFS iu c ngha rng ngi dng s nhn c cc Cp php ging
ht trn tt c cc file v th mc con nm trn a . Trong hu ht cc
trng hp, s k tha Cp php c u im to ln l trnh cho ngi qun
tr phi cung cp cc Cp php ring bit cho tng th mc con, tng i
tng trn dch v Active Directory hoc cc kha. Trong thc t, i vi
hu ht cc nh qun tr mng, u im tip theo c tnh n ca tnh k
tha l ng dng chng khi thit k cu trc dch v th mc, chia s trng
thi v cc cy Active Directory.
Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp s k tha ny l khng cn thit v
loi b tnh cht mc nh ny chng ta c hai phng php:
Tt tnh nng k tha: khi bn lm vic trn cc Cp php c
bit, bn c th iu khin cc Cp php m bn gn cho mt thnh
phn xc nh c c cho mt s hoc tt c cc thnh phn con
bn trong k tha hay khng.
Cm cc Cp php: tt c cc h thng Cp php u cho php
bn ngn cm mt Cp php c th i vi mt i tng xc nh.
iu ny s ngn cn Cp php k tha m i tng nhn c t
cc i tng cha.
391
CC TH MC CHIA S
Khi bn ang ngi vo mt my tnh s dng h iu hnh Windows Server
2003, bn c th truy cp n cc file v th mc trn cc a ca n t
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
QUN L CC TH MC CHIA S
Khi bn to cc h thng file chia s, bn c th qun l chng bt c lc
no vi Windows Explorer, bng cch s dng th Sharing ca hp thoi
Properties m bn s dng chia s. Bn cng c th la chn chia s
trong snap-in Shared Folders khi trong thc n Action, la chn
Properties hin th hp thoi trn hnh 9-10.
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
Xem cc file v cc
th mc con trong
th mc .
Xem ch s hu,
cc Cp php v
cc c tnh ca th
mc.
Read and
Excute
Write
c ni dung file
Xem ch s hu, cc
Cp php v cc c
tnh ca file.
Chy cc ng dng
To cc file v cc
th mc con mi
bn trong mt th
mc.
Thay i cc c
tnh th mc.
Xem ch s hu v
cc Cp php trn file
Xem ch s hu v
cc Cp php trn
th mc
Modify
Xa th mc
Thay i file
Xa file
Cho php thc hin tt
c cc chc nng do
Cp php Write v
414
List Folder
Contents
Xem cc tn ca
cc file v cc th
mc con cha trong
th mc cha.
Khng p dng
Full
Control
Thay i cc Cp
php trn th mc
Thay i cc Cp php
trn file
Chim Cp php s
hu th mc
Chim Cp php s
hu file
Xa cc th mc
con v cc file nm
trong th mc cha
415
416
417
418
419
Modify
Write
420
Full Control
421
422
423
424
425
QUN TR IIS
Cho ti chng ny, chng ta hc cch cung cp cho ngi dng mng
kh nng truy cp ti cc file trn mt my tnh chy Windows Server 2003
thng qua vic cng b cc im chia s bng dch v Server. Dch v ny
cho php cc my trm s dng dch v Worksbntion c th truy nhp
c. Tuy nhin trn Windows Server 2003, y khng phi l cch duy
nht chia s cc file. Thay vo bn cng c th s dng cc dch v
Internet c cung cp bi Microsoft IIS k c khi my trm ca bn nm
trong mng LAN.
CH Mc tiu ca k thi Cc mc tiu cho mn thi 70-290 yu
cu cc hc vin c kh nng qun tr dch v IIS
IIS l mt ng dng ca Windows Server 2003 c kh nng cng b cc file
v cc ng dng bng vic s dng cc giao thc chun Internet nh HTTP
(l mt giao thc chun cho truyn thng Web ) v FTP . So snh vi vic
chia s file thng thng, vic chia s file trong IIS, vi cu hnh mc nh
ca IIS, l mt phng php hn ch trong vic cng b cc file . V cc l
do an ninh , IIS c ci t trong ch kha v bo mt cho php my
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
426
Ci t IIS
Khng ging nh Windows 2000, mc nh Windows Server 2003 khng
ci t IIS. Vic lm ny nhm phng nga l hng an ninh tim n trong h
iu hnh. Mc nh, cc phin bn trc ca Windows ci t dch v
IIS, kch hot dch v World Wide Web Publishing v to mt trang Web
mc nh . Trong cc trng hp m ngi qun tr khng dng ti v qun
tt dch v, n s tr thnh mt li vo tim n cho nhng ngi dng tri
php . Trong Windows Server 2003 , bn phi ci t IIS mt cch th cng
sau khi hon tt vic ci t h iu hnh. ci t IIS, m Add Or
Remove Programs trong Control Panel ri chn Add/Remove Windows
Components khi ng Trnh hng dn Windows Components . Trong
Trnh hng dn ny , chn Application Server , nhn Details , ri chn
Internet Information Services (IIS) . Bn c th nhn Details mt ln na
ch r cc thnh phn IIS no m bn mun ci t . Mc nh, Trnh
hng dn s ci t cc thnh phn sau :
Common Files: Ci t cc file chng trnh cn thit dnh cho IIS
.
Internet Information Services Manager: ci t snap-in IIS
Manager. Bn s dng snap-in ny qun l cc dch v IIS v
cu hnh an ninh site .
World Wide Web Service: Ci t dch v cung cp kt ni HTTP
vi cc my trm TCP/IP trn mng .
CH Ci t cc thnh phn b sung Mc d chng khng cn
thit cho cc chc nng s c m t trong chng ny, bn vn
c th chn cc thnh phn IIS b sung cung cp tnh nng cao
hn cho my ch, nhng khng c b bt c thnh phn mc nh
no lit k y .
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
427
428
429
430
431
432
To cc th mc o
Khi bn xc nh mt th mc gc cho mt Website IIS, tt c cc file trong
th mc v cc th mc con ca n u c my ch cng b v sn sng
phc v cho cc my trm. Tuy nhin, nu bn mun cng b cc file v th
mc sn c th bn cng khng cn phi di chuyn chng n cu trc th
mc gc. Thay vo bn c th to ra mt th mc o. Mt th mc o l
mt con tr n mt th mc nm ti mt v tr khc v i vi cc my
trm chng l mt phn trong cu trc th mc ca Web site.
to ra mt th mc o trn mt IIS Web site, bn la chn site trn mn
hnh qun tr IIS Manager, sau trn thc n Action tr ti New ri la
chn Virtual Directory. Hot ng ny kch hot Trnh hng dn Virtual
Directory Creation, bn phi cung cp nhng thng tin sau:
Virtual Directory Alias (cc b danh cho th mc o): cung cp
tn ca th mc o cho cc my trm. B danh m bn nhp s xut
hin nh mt th mc con ca Web site trong cc URL ca my
trm. B danh m bn chn khng cn thit phi l tn tht ca th
mc m bn mun cng b.
Web Site Content Directory (th mc cha ni dung ca Web
site): xc nh ng dn ti th mc m bn nh chia s cho th
mc o. ng dn m bn a vo c th s dng mt k t a
hoc ng dn UNC v c th c t trn mt a cc b hoc
mt th mc chia s trn mng.
433
Cu hnh bo mt IIS
Hu ht cc Web site trn Internet u cung cp cho cc my trm Cp php
truy cp nc danh (anonymous). Khi bn cu hnh mt IIS Web site cho vic
truy cp nc danh, tt c cc my trm kt ni ti my ch u s dng mt
ti khon c bit c thit k cho mc ch ny. Tn ti khon mc nh
trong Windows Server 2003 l IUSR_servername trong servername l
tn ca my tnh. V mt k thut, cc my khch vn c xc thc nhng
khng c s trao i cc thng tin b mt v chng khng b hn ch trong
qu trnh truy cp ti Web site.
CH Mc tiu ca k thi Cc mc tiu cho k thi 70-290 yu cu
cc hc vin c kh nng qun tr tnh bo mt ca IIS
Tuy nhin, nu bn mun hn ch vic truy cp ti mt Web site, bn c th
gia tng mc bo mt theo mt vi phng php sau y:
Authentication and Access Control (kim sot truy cp v xc
thc): yu cu cc my trm cung cp tn truy cp v mt khu khi
truy cp Web site. IIS cung cp mt s loi m ha vi mc bo
mt khc nhau.
IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions (cc hn ch v tn
min v a ch IP): bn c th cho php hoc ngn cm cc my
khch nht nh truy cp ti site da trn a ch IP v tn min ca
chng.
Secure Communications (cc knh truyn thng bo mt): yu
cu cc my trm s dng mt giao thc truyn thng bo mt hoc
mt chng ch s khi truy cp ti Web site.
Bn c th cu hnh tt c cc c ch bo mt ni trn trong th Directory
Security trong hp thoi Properties ca Web site nh hnh v 9-25.
434
435
436
437
438
TNG KT
Windows Server 2003 cha mt s cc h thng Cp php c lp
bao gm: cc Cp php chia s, cc Cp php NTFS, cc Cp php
Active Directory v cc Cp php trn registry. Mi mt h thng
Cp php cho php bn kim sot vic truy cp ti mt loi ti
nguyn h thng xc nh.
Mi i tng c bo v thng qua cc Cp php u c mt
ACL (Danh sch Kim sot Truy cp). Mi ACL l mt danh sch
cc ACE (Mc vo Kim sot Truy cp) cha mt i tng bo
mt (nh ngi dng, nhm hoc my tnh chng hn) v cc Cp
php c gn cho i tng .
H thng file chia s cho php cc ngi dng trn mng truy cp
ti cc file v cc th mc nm trn cc my tnh khc. to ra
cc chia s, bn c th s dng Windows Explorer hoc snap-in
Shared Folders hoc cng c Net.exe ch dng lnh.
Cc Cp php chia s cung cp mc bo v c bn cho cc th mc
chia s, nhng chng khng c tnh a dng v mm do nh cc
Cp php NTFS. Cc Cp php chia s ch p dng cho cc truy
cp mng thng qua dch v Server. Cc file c bo v bng cc
Cp php chia s vn c th truy cp c t my tnh cc b hoc
thng qua cc dch v mng khc nh IIS hay dch v u cui
(Terminal) chng hn.
Cc Cp php NTFS c th cho php hoc ngn cm, gn Cp php
mt cch ring r hoc c k tha t trn. Cp php ngn cm s
loi b tt c cc Cp php cho php khc v cc Cp php gn
ring r s c mc u tin cao hn so vi cc Cp php k tha.
Kt qu l mt Cp php cho php gn ring r s loi b Cp php
ngn cm k tha. Cc Cp php Hiu dng trn mt file hoc th
mc l s tng hp ca tt c cc Cp php gn cho i tng xc
nh bao gm c Cp php gn trc tip hoc thng qua c ch k
tha.
Cc Cp php truy cp NTFS c th b hn ch hn na nh cc
Cp php khc v cc nhn t khc nh cc Cp php IIS trn mt
Web site. Bt k hai kiu Cp php no c gn cho mt ti
nguyn, nh cc Cp php chia s v Cp php NTFS chng hn,
mi kiu cung cp mt tp hp cc Cp php khc nhau v bn phi
tnh ton xem kiu no hn ch hn.
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
439
440
BI TP THC HNH
===============================================
441
442
CC CU HI N TP
1. Trong cc cng c di y, cng c no cho php bn to mt chia
s trn mt my ch xa? (La chn tt c cc cu tr li ng)
a. Mt mn hnh qun tr MMC ty bin cha snap-in Shared
Foldes.
b. Windows Explorer chy trn my tnh cc b v kt ni ti
chia s ADMIN$ ca my tnh xa
c. Net.exe
d. Mn hnh qun tr Computer Management
2. Mt th mc c chia s nm trn a FAT. Nhm Project
Managers c gn ton quyn (Full Control) trn th mc ny.
Nhm Project Engineers c gn Cp php c trn . Lc u,
Julie l thnh vin ca nhm Project Engineers. Sau c ta c
a vo nhm Project Managers. Cc Cp php Hiu dng ca c ta
trn th mc ny l g?
3. Mt th mc c chia s nm trn a NTFS vi cc Cp php chia
s mc nh. Nhm Project Managers c gn ton Cp php
NTFS. Julie l mt thnh vin ca nhm Project Managers, thng
bo vi bn rng c ta khng th to cc file trong th mc ni trn.
Ti sao?
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
443
444
445
446
Cc Cp php chia s
Forms
Supervisors
Username
447
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
448
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
449
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
trn mng, lu cc tc v ny trong mt hng i v gi tng ci mt n my
in vt l.
CH : Thut ng in n Trong ti liu trn cc phin bn trc ca
Windows, my in vt l c xem nh mt thit b in n v my in
logic c xem nh mt my in. Nhm trnh nhng s hiu lm v
thut ng ny, Microsoft c nhng s thay i trong Windows
Server 2003. By gi chng ta s dng thut ng my in (printer) v
my in logic (logical printer).
S dng cc my in gn vo mng
Khi bn ang s dng mt my in c gn vo mng, bn c th s dng hai
m hnh in n trn mng. Chng c m t trong cc phn di y.
To mt my in logic trn tt c cc my trm
Trong m hnh ny, bn s ci t mt my in logic trn mi my trm v kt
ni trc tip chng ti my in mng. Trong trng hp ny khng c my ch
in n. Mi my trm s duy tr cc thit lp in ca ring chng, x l cc tc
v in n ca chng v lu cc tc v in n ln hng i ring. Trong mi
trng mng, m hnh ny c nhng nhc im sau:
Khi ngi s dng kim tra ni dung ca hng i, h ch thy cc
tc v in n ca chnh h.
Ngi s dng khng th bit c c nhng tc v no do nhng
ngi s dng khc c gi ti my in.
Cc nhn vin qun tr mng khng th qun l tp trung hng i in
n.
Cc nhn vin qun tr khng th thc hin cc tnh nng in n tin
tin nh kh nng in trn nhiu my in khc nhau.
Cc thng bo li ch xut hin trn cc my tnh ang thc hin tc
v in n.
Tt c cc tin trnh x l tc v in n u c hnh thnh trn my
trm do chng khng th bit c tnh trng qu ti trn my ch
in n.
M hnh ny c th ph hp vi m hnh mng nhm lm vic (workgroup)
nh nhng trong mi trng mng ln th n khng th cung cp kh nng
qun tr tp trung. u im duy nht ca m hnh ny l d dng ci t k
c i vi ngi s dng u cui. Mi my trm ci t my in theo phng
450
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
php thng thng v khng cn quan tm n cc my trm khc (ngoi tr
khi i cc tc v in n ca chng hon thnh).
To mt my ch in n
Do nhng nhc im ca m hnh ni trn nn cu trc in n thng dng
nht dnh cho cc t chc ln l m hnh gm ba phn. M hnh ny gm
c cc thnh phn sau:
My in vt l
My ch in n bao gm mt my in logic c kt ni ti my in vt
l.
My khch in n c kt ni ti my in logic ca my ch.
In n thng qua mt my ch in n mang li nhng u im sau:
My in trn my ch in n nh ngha cc thit lp in n v qun tr
cc trnh iu khin.
My in logic s dng mt hng i in duy nht v cc my trm u
c th nhn c hng i ny. Do cc nhn vin qun tr mng v
ngi s dng u c th thy c danh sch y cc tc v in
n ang ch i.
Cc bn thng bo nh ht giy hoc kt giy c gi ti tt c cc
my trm do ngi s dng v cc nhn vin qun tr c th thc
hin x l s c.
Hu ht cc ng dng v cc trnh iu khin my in u c th phn
nh tin trnh in n trc khi gi ti my ch in n. iu ny gia tng
s phn hi ca my trm. Tc l, khi mt my trm thc hin in mt
ti liu, tc v in s c gi ngay lp tc n my ch in v kim
sot cc phn hi ca my tnh ti ngi s dng trong khi my ch
in m nhn tc v x l cng vic in n.
Cc chc nng bo mt, kim nh v kim tra, gim st v ghi nht
k c qun tr tp trung.
451
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
Kt ni cc my trm vi my ch in n
Cc bc ni trn c m t chi tit trong cc phn sau.
452
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
Select A Printer Port (la chn cng my in) Trong trang ny, bn
s xc nh my tnh lin kt vi my in nh th no. Nu my in
c kt ni ti cng LPT (cng song song) hoc cng COM (cng
ni tip), bn s la chn Use The Following Port (s dng cng
di y) t danh sch th xung. Nu my in c kt ni bng mt
s phng tin khc, bn la chn Create A New Port (to mt cng
mi) v la chn mt trong cc kiu cng t danh sch th xung. V
d, cc my in c gn vo mng thng thng yu cu mt cng
TCP/IP. Khi bn la chn Standard TCP/IP Port (cng TCP/IP
chun), trnh hng dn Add Standard TCP/IP Printer Port (thm
cng my in TCP/IP chun) xut hin. bn s xc nh a ch
IP m bn gn cho my in v nu cn thit bn c th gn loi giao
din mng dng kt ni my in ti mng.
453
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
iu khin my in c phn loi theo nh sn xut v cc model sn c
trn Windows Server 2003. Nu my in khng xut hin trong danh
sch ni trn, bn c th nhp Have Disk ci t cc trnh iu khin
my in do nh sn xut thit b cung cp.
Name Your Printer (tn my in ca bn) Trong trang ny, bn cn xc
nh tn cho my in nhm cung cp cho cc ng dng chy trn my
tnh. Mc nh, trnh hng dn s gn mt tn da trn tn nh sn
xut v chng loi kt hp vi trnh iu khin my in c ci t
nhng bn c th thay i tn ny. Nhm tng thch y vi cc
ng dng, bn nn hn ch chiu di tn my in (ti a 31 k t). Khi
cc my in khc c ci t, trang ny cn cho php bn xc nh my
in no l my in mc nh trn my tnh ny c ngha l cc ng dng
s t ng in trn my in tr phi bn la chn ci khc. Thit lp ny
ch p dng cho cc ng dng chy trn my tnh cc b m thi ch
khng p dng cho cc my trm trn mng.
454
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
Print Test Page (in trang kim tra) Trang ny cho php bn thc
hin mt tc v in kim tra nhm xc nh xem my tnh kt ni vi
my in nh th no.
455
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
Chia s my in
Bn c th chia s mt my in bng cch s dng trnh hng dn Add
Printer nhng bn c th iu khin chia s ny nhiu hn na bng cch s
dng th Sharing trong hp thoi Properties ca my in (xem hnh v 10-1).
truy cp ti th ny, la chn mt biu tng my in trong ca s Printers
And Faxes v chn Sharing t thc n File.
456
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
Bn cng c th la chn hp kim tra List In The Directory (lit k trong
dch v th mc Active Directory ) to mt i tng my in trong Active
Directory. Kt qu l mt i tng my in c to ra nh mt con tr cho
php ngi s dng xc nh mt my in bng cch tm kim trn dch v da
theo tn hoc cc tnh nng ca n. Mt trong nhng ch li ca cc tham s
trong trng Location v cc c tnh tng t l tng cng kh nng tm
kim mt my in da trn cc c tnh ny.
Nhp vo Additional Drivers m hp thoi Additional Drivers, nh hnh
v 10-2. Khi mt my trm trn mng truy cp n mt my in chia s, n c
th t ng ti v trnh iu khin my in t th mc chia s Print$ trn my
ch. y l tnh nng m Windows gi l Point and Print (tr ti v in). Hp
thoi ny cho php bn ci t cc trnh iu khin my in cho cc h iu
hnh khc nhau m my trm ca bn c th s dng. y l u im nu
my in s dng cc trnh iu khin khng c trong Windows Server 2003.
Khi bn la chn cc h iu hnh khc trong hp thoi ny v nhp OK, h
thng s ci t cc trnh iu khin yu cu v thng bo cho bn a a
cha trnh iu khin ca nh sn xut nu cn thit.
457
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
nht. Nu bn nhn c mt cp nht ca trnh iu khin, bn phi
ci t n bng tay trn cc my trm ny cng nh trn my ch.
Kt ni cc my trm n mt my ch in n
Khi bn ci t mt my in v chia s n th cc my trm c th truy cp
ti my in ny thng qua mng. Chng c th truy cp n my in theo vi
cch khc nhau c m t trong phn di y.
S dng trnh hng dn Add Printer
Tin trnh ci t mt my in trn my trm bng cch s dng trnh hng
dn Add Printer cng tng t nh bn ci t trn mt my ch in n. Ch
khc mt cht l khi ci t trn my ch trong trang Local Or Network
Printer, bn la chn A Network Printer hoc A Printer Attached To
Another Computer th by gi trn my trm bn phi xc nh my in mun
s dng trong trang Specify A Printer (hnh v 10-3).
458
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
459
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
s c hin th trong mt khoang cha c tn l Printers And Faxes (xem
hnh v 10-4). La chn mt my in chia s, t thc n File chn Connect
bt u tin trnh ci t trnh iu khin my in logic.
460
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
CU HNH CC C TNH MY IN
Sau khi ci t my in logic trn my ch in n, bn c th cu hnh mt lot
cc c tnh bng cch m hp thoi Properties ca my in (xem hnh v 106). Mt s iu khin trong hp thoi ny l ging ht nhau i vi tt c cc
my in nhng mt s ci c trnh iu khin my in cung cp c c
trng theo tng chng loi sn phm. V d, mt my in mu c th c cc
iu khin qun l mu trong khi cc my in en trng li khng cn.
Kim sot bo mt my in
Vi cc h thng file chia s, bn c th s dng cc Cp php gn truy cp
nht nh n chng. Vi cc my in chia s bn cng thc hin tng t
thng qua th Security trn hp thoi Properties ca my in nh hnh v 10-7.
461
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
462
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
ngi to ra i tng nn Cp php ny cho php ngi s dng
qun l cc tc v in n m h to ra. Cp php ny cng c gn
cho cc nhm Administartors, Print Operators v Server Operators
nn thnh vin ca cc nhm ny c th iu khin bt c ti liu no
trn hng i. Trn cc my khng phi My ch iu khin Min,
nhm Power Users c gn Cp php ny.
Ngoi vic cung cp cc Cp php chun, th Security cn cho php truy cp
n hp thoi Advanced Security Settings (xem hnh v 10-8). bn c
th s dng qun tr cc ch mc ACL ring l v lm vic trn cc Cp
php c bit ging nh bn ang lm vic vi cc Cp php NTFS. Tuy
nhin khng ging nh NTFS cc Cp php c bit cho my in ch c thm
ba tnh nng cho php cc i tng bo mt c cc Cp php, thay i cc
Cp php v ot quyn s hu mt my in.
463
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
phn Form To Tray Assignment ph thuc vo loi my in m bn ci t v
s lng khay n h tr. Vi mi khay lit k, bn c th la chn mt nh
dng khc nhau. Ngoi ra, khi m rng cy Device Settings bn s thy cc
thit lp cho php xc nh trng thi ci t ca cc la chn my in nh cc
khay giy thm vo, cc thnh phn iu khin giy in, phng ch v b nh
my in. Tt c cc thit lp ny u c dnh cho my in v ph thuc vo
kh nng ca n cng nh trnh iu khin.
Thit lp cc tc v in n mc nh
Th General trn hp thoi Properties ca my in c la chn Printing
Preferences v th Advanced c la chn Printing Defaults. C hai la chn
ny u hin th hp thoi cho php bn iu khin cch thc thc hin cc
tc v in n trn my in logic bao gm nh dng kiu in (in theo khun dng
nm ngang hay nm dc), in hai mt (nu my in h tr tnh nng ny),
phn gii v cc thit lp ti liu in n khc nh hnh v 10-10. Cc hp thoi
ny ging nhau v cng ging hp thoi hin th khi bn nhp Properties hoc
Preferences trn hp thoi Print ca ng dng.
464
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
To mt t hp my in (Printer Pool)
T hp my in l mt my in logic h tr nhiu my in vt l. Cc my in vt
l c th c gn vo my ch hay vo mng hoc c hai. Khi bn to mt t
hp my in, my ch in n s gi cc tc v in n c xc nhn pha my
trm ti my in sn sng u tin. My in logic i din cho t hp my in s
kim tra cng no ang sn sng v hng tc v in n cng .
Bn cu hnh t hp my in trong th Ports trn hp thoi Properties ca my
in. Nu bn la chn hp kim tra Enable Printer Pooling, bn c th xc
nh nhiu cng cha cc thit b in n thuc mt t hp. Hnh v 10-11 biu
din mt t hp my in c kt ni ti ba my in gn vo mng.
465
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
466
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
cu hnh cc c tnh khc nhau cho cc my in logic, bn la chn th
Advanced trn hp thoi Properties (hnh v 10-12) v xc nh mt gi tr
trong trng Priority ( u tin) nm trong di t 1 ( u tin thp nht)
n 99 ( u tin cao nht). Nu bn gn gi tr 99 cho my in logic ca cc
cn b iu hnh v 1 cho my in logic ca nhng ngi s dng khc, th cc
ti liu gi ti my in logic vi u tin 99 s c thc hin trc cc ti
liu khc trong hng i. Tuy nhin nh th khng c ngha l ti liu ca cn
b iu hnh s loi b tc v in n ca ngi s dng khc m y mun
cp khi my in ri, n s chp nhn cc tc v t my in logic c u tin
cao hn trc khi chp nhn cc tc v t my in logic c u tin thp hn.
ngn khng cho ngi s dng thc hin in n trn my in logic ca cn
b iu hnh, bn c th cu hnh ACL ca n v loi b Cp php in c
gn cho nhm Everyone, thay vo ch cp cho cc cn b iu hnh Cp
php in.
GIM ST CC MY IN
Mt khi bn to, cu hnh v chia s my in cc b trn my ch in n cng
nh cc my trm trn mng kt ni ti my cc my in ny th bn phi
bt u xem xt cc cng vic qun tr chng trong sut qu trnh in n. Cc
phn di y m t cc cng c khc nhau c Windows Server 2003 cung
cp gip bn gim st tin trnh in n trn mng khi cn thit.
CH : Mc tiu ca k thi Cc mc tiu cho k thi 70-290 yu cu
cc hc vin c kh nng gim st cc my ch file v in n. Cc
cng c gm c Task Manager, Event Viewer v System Monitor.
467
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
Gim st cc hng i in
Kch p vo mt biu tng my in trong mn hnh Printers And Faxes s
m ra mt ca s khc c tiu l tn ca my in (xem hnh v 10-13). y
l ca s hng i in, n lit k tt c cc tc v hin nay ang i gi ti
my in vt l. Ty thuc vo Cp php ca mnh trn my in, ngi s dng
c th can thip vo hng i my in v cc tc v in n theo nhiu cch khc
nhau v cc mc khc nhau bng cch s dng cc thc n trn ca s. Cc
cng vic chung m ngi s dng v ngi qun tr thc hin bao gm:
dng, khi phc, loi b cc tc v c th trong hng i, sp xp li th t
cc tc v, dng v khi phc hng i xc nh.
nh hng li cc tc v in n
Nu mt my in gp trc trc, bn c th gi ti liu trong hng i trn my
in ti mt my in khc c kt ni ti mt cng cc b trn my tnh
hoc c gn vo mng. ng tc ny gi l nh hng li tc v in n.
nh hng li cho php ngi s dng tip tc gi cc tc v ti mt my in
logic cng loi v trnh cho ngi s dng phi thc hin li tc v in.
nh hng li mt my in, n gin bn c th thay i cng m
my in logic ang gi tc v ti. Bn thc hin iu ny bng cch m hp
thoi Properties ca my in, la chn th Ports v chn mt cng khc hoc
thm mt cng mi. Hp kim tra cha cng kt ni ti my in b li ngay lp
tc b xa i tr phi t hp my in c la chn. Trong trng hp ny, bn
phi xa bng tay hp kim tra ny. Do cc tc v trong hng i c
my in logic sn sng cho vic in n nn my in m bn mun nh hng li
phi tng thch vi trnh iu khin c my in logic s dng. Tt c cc
tc v in n c nh hng li ti cng mi (tuy nhin bn khng th nh
hng li cc ti liu ring r v bt k ti liu hin ang in n cng khng th
nh hng li).
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
468
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
Trong hu ht cc trng hp, vic nh hng li tc v in n rt hu ch khi
bn s dng cc my in mng c truy cp thng qua cc cng TCP/IP. Khi
mt my in b trc trc, bn c th thay i cng trong my in logic ca n ti
a ch IP ca my in vt l khc trn mng. My in vt l ny phc v hai
my in logic cho n khi bn xc nh c li trn my in v thay i thit
lp cng tr li gi tr c.
469
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
bin m ny cng thp ng ngha vi vic my in ny hot ng
khng ng mc hoc do my in khng c tc v in, do hng i
cha c ti hoc do my ch qu bn. Gi tr ny thay i ty theo
chng loi my in. Tham kho ti liu my in bit c gi tr m
my in c th chp nhn c.
Job Erros (cc li tc v in) xc nh s lng cc li tc v in n
xy ra khi b m khi to ln cui cng. Cc li tc v in thng
thng gy ra bi cu hnh cng khng chnh xc; kim tra cu hnh
cng v cc thit lp khng hp l. Mt li tc v in s lm tng gi
tr bin m ny ch mt ln duy nht thm ch li c th xy ra
nhiu ln.
Jobs (cc tc v) xc nh s lng cc tc v trong hng i. Mt
gi tr ca bin m ny cao hoc tng c nh ng ngha vi vic
my in hot ng khng bnh thng hoc cc tc v khng c
thc hin mt cch chnh xc.
Not Ready Errors (cc li khng sn sng) xc nh s lng cc
li do my in khng sn sng xy ra k t khi b m c khi to.
Out Of Paper Errors (cc li v tnh trng ht giy) xc nh s
lng cc li xy ra do tnh trng ht giy xy ra k t khi b m
c khi to.
Total Jobs Printed (tng s cc tc v c in) xc nh s lng
cc tc v c gi ti my in k t khi b m c khi to.
Total Pages Printed (tng s cc trang c in) xc nh s lng
cc trang ti liu c in k t khi b m c khi to. Bin m
ny cung cp mt con s xp x gn ng dung lng ca my in
mc d n khng phi tht l chnh xc do ty thuc vo loi tc v
v cc c tnh ti liu ca cc tc v .
CH S dng cc bin m hiu nng
Mt s bin m
hng i my in ph hp vi tin trnh ghi li nht k hiu nng nh
chng c th lu li khi lng hot ng ca my in chng hn.
Nhng mt s ci khc li ph hp vi cc cnh bo nh cc bin
m li chng hn. S dng cc cnh bo, bn c th cu hnh cho h
thng thng bo cho ngi qun tr mng khi c li xy ra.
470
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
b m ng k cc s kin lin quan ti vic to, xa v thay i my in.
File nht k cng cha cc s kin v lu lng my in, khng gian a cng,
cc li b m v cc vn bo dng.
iu khin hoc thay i cc s kin v b m c ghi li, m th mc
Printers And Faxes v la chn Server Properties t thc n File. La chn
th Advanced truy cp cc c tnh nh hnh v 10-15. Trong th ny, bn
c th iu khin cc s kin no c ghi li v cc thng bo tc v in n.
Th ny cng cho php bn thc hin mt cng vic rt quan trng l di
chuyn th mc b m khi bn cu hnh mt my ch in n hot ng hoc
khi khng gian a cng cha th mc b m trn mt my in sn c b y.
Kim nh truy cp my in
Bn c th kim nh vic truy cp n mt my in tng t nh kim nh
trn th mc v file. Bn c th thc hin kim nh i vi mt nhm hoc
ngi s dng xc nh vi mt hot ng c th trn mt my in. Sau khi
thit lp chnh sch kim nh truy cp, bn c th xem kt qu trong phn
Security ca mn hnh qun tr file nht k Event Viewer.
cu hnh kim nh cho mt my in, m hp thoi Properties ca n, la
chn th Security ri nhp vo Advanced. Trong hp thoi Advanced Security
Settings, la chn th Auditing v thm cc ch mc cho cc nhm v ngi
s dng xc nh. Vi mi i tng bo mt m bn a vo danh sch kim
nh, bn c th cu hnh kim nh cc s kin thnh cng hoc tht bi da
trn cc Cp php my in chun bao gm Print, Manage Documents v
Manage Printers.
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
471
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
K tip bn phi cho php chnh sch Audit Object Access (kim nh vic
truy cp i tng) t trn mn hnh qun tr Group Policy Object Editor
hoc Local Security Policy trong Computer Configuration\Windows
Settings\Security Settings\Local Policies\Audit Policy. Sau khi chnh sch
c hiu lc, bn c th kim tra cc file nht k trong phn Security xem
v phn tch cc ch mc.
LI KHUYN Khi no th thc hin kim nh vn in n
Kim nh my in to ra hng t cc mc vo i vi mt tc v in, v
vy n ch ph hp khi bn ang x l s c. Khng nn s dng c
ch kim nh nhm gim st mc s dng hoc lm ha n tnh
tin. Thay vo , bn nn s dng cc bin m nh Total Jobs
Printed hoc Total Pages Printed.
X L S C MY IN
X l s c l mt trong cc cng vic quan trng trong qu trnh qun tr
my in. Phn ny gip bn hiu v xc nh cc li c th xy ra trong qu
trnh in n trn Windows Server 2003.
CH Mc tiu ca k thi
Cc mc tiu cho k thi 70-290
yu cu cc hc vin c kh nng x l s c hng i
Bn cn lu qu trnh x l s c in n gm nhiu thnh phn gm c:
ng dng ang thc hin in n
My in logic trn my tnh c ng dng ang chy
Kt ni mng gia my khch in n v my in logic chia s trn my
ch.
My in logic trn my ch: b m, cc trnh iu khin, cc thit lp
bo mt v cc thnh phn khc.
Kt ni gia my ch in n v my in.
Bn thn my in vt l: phn cng, cu hnh v cc trng thi.
Mt phng php hiu qu gii quyt hu ht cc li trong in n l x l s
c theo tng phn ring bit mt cch logic v c phng php.
Xc nh phm vi li
Nu mt ngi s dng khng th thc hin mt tc v in n t mt ng dng
trn my tnh ca anh ta nhng vn c th thc hin c t cc ng dng
khc cng trn my tnh th li dng nh xut pht t ng dng ch
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
472
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
khng phi t my tnh, mng hay my ch in n hoc phn cng my in. Tuy
nhin, trong mt s trng hp s dng mt trnh iu khin khc hoc loi
d liu khc c th gii quyt c cc li in n ca ng dng.
Nu ngi s dng khng th in t bt k ng dng no, bn cn xc nh
xem anh ta c th in ra cc my in khc trn cng my ch in n khng hay
trn my ch in n khc. Nu tt c cc kh nng ny vn khng thc hin
c v nu cc ngi s dng khc vn c th in trn cc my in trn mng
th li dng nh xy ra trn my tnh ca h.
Nu my in c kt ni mng, c gng to ra mt my in cc b trn h
thng ang c li tr trc tip ti cng my in ny. Tc l b qua vai tr qun
l ca my ch in n. Nu vic in n thnh cng c ngha l li trn my ch
hoc kt ni gia my ch v my trm c vn .
473
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
474
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
TNG KT
Kin trc in n trong Windows Server 2003 c module ha bao
gm: my in vt l, my ch in n vi my in logic, chia s kt ni
ti my in vt l thng qua mt cng cc b hoc mng v my in
logic trn my trm kt ni ti my in logic, chia s trn my ch.
My in logic c to ra vi mc ch h tr my in c gn trc
tip vi my tnh hoc mng. My in mng kt ni ti my in logic
do my tnh khc duy tr, hay cn c gi l my ch in n.
Mc nh, cc my in chia s c cng b trong Active Directory,
cho php ngi s dng d dng tm kim cc my in da trn v tr
hoc cc c tnh khc ca my in.
to mt my in logic, bn s dng trnh hng dn Add Printer
v xc nh trnh iu khin v cng thch hp.
Mt my in logic c th hng cc tc v ti nhiu hn mt cng
bng cch to ra t hp my in (Printer pool).
Mt my in vt l c th phc v nhiu my in logic khc nhau, mi
my in c th cu hnh vi cc thuc tnh, cc trnh iu khin, cc
thit lp, cc c tnh theo di v cc Cp php ring bit.
Ca s hng i in n, cc nht k s kin v cc bin m hiu nng
cho php bn gim st cc my in nhm x l s c, pht hin cc li
tim n v mc s dng my in.
Nu mt my in trng thi khng kt ni hoc b li, bn c th
nh hng li tt c cc tc v in n cha thc hin ca n ti mt
my in khc bng cch thm hoc la chn cng my in mi trong
phn thit lp c tnh ca my in logic gc. My in trn cng thay
th phi tng thch vi trnh iu khin m my in gc ang s
dng.
Do m hnh in n trong Windows Server 2003 c module ha vi
chnh my in , vi my in logic trn my ch v vi my in logic
trn my trm kt ni ti my in chia s trn my ch nn bn c th
x l s c khi my in c li bng cch xc nh mi thnh phn c
th gy nn li v s lin quan gia cc thnh phn vi nhau.
475
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
BI TP THC HNH
===============================================
476
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
Nhp Next chp nhn cc tham s chia s mc nh. Nhp Next mt
ln na b qua trang Location And Comment. Trang Print Test xut
hin.
La chn No ri nhp Next. Trang Completing The Add Printer Trnh
hng dn xut hin.
Nhp Finish.
===============================================
477
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
CC CU HI N TP
1. Bn ang ci t my in trn my trm. My in s c kt ni ti mt
my in logic c ci t trn mt my ch in n Windows Server
2003. Nhng kiu thng tin no m bn phi cung cp cho tin trnh ci
t my in? (La chn tt c cc cu tr li ng)
a. Mt cng my in TCP/IP.
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
478
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
b. Nh sn xut my in vt l v chng loi ca n.
c. ng dn URL ti my in trn my ch
d. ng UNC ti my in chia s
e. Trnh iu khin my in
2. Mt trong nhng my in mng ca bn khng lm vic tt v bn mun
ngn khng cho ngi s dng gi cc tc v ti my in logic kt ni
ti my in ni trn. Bn s lm g?
a. Dng chia s my in
b. Loi b my in ra khi dch v th mc Active Directory
c. Thay i cng my in
d. Thay i tn chia s
3. Bn ang qun tr mt my tnh Windows Server 2003 c cu hnh
nh mt my ch in n. Bn mun thc hin cng tc bo dng trn
my in vt l c kt ni vi my ch. Hin ang c mt s ti liu
trn hng i. Bn mun ngn khng cho cc ti liu c in trn my
in ny nhng bn cng khng mun ngi s dng phi thc hin li
tc v in n. Phng php ti u nht ca bn l g?
a. M hp thoi Properties ca my in la chn th Sharing v la
chn Do Not Share This Printer.
b. M hp thoi Properties ca my in v trn th Ports la chn
mt cng cha c thit b in n s dng.
c. M ca s hng i, la chn ti liu u tin v tip theo la
chn Pause t ca s Document. Lp li tin trnh ny vi mi
ti liu.
d. M ca s hng i v la chn Pause Printing t thc n
Printer.
479
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
4. Bn ang qun tr mt my tnh Windows Server 2003 c cu hnh
nh mt my ch in n. Ngi s dng trong nhm Marketing phn
nn rng h khng th in cc ti liu thng qua my in trn my ch.
Bn hin th cc Cp php trn hp thoi Properties ca my in. Nhm
Marketing c Cp php Manage Documents. Ti sao ngi s dng
khng in c trn my in ny?
a. Nhm Everyone phi c gn Cp php Manage Documents.
b. Nhm Administrators phi c gn Cp php Mange Printers
c. Nhm Marketing phi c gn Cp php Print
d. Nhm Marketing phi c gn Cp php Manage Printers
5. Bn ang ci t mt t hp my in trn my tnh Windows Server
2003. T hp my in cha ba thit b in n v tt c u ging nhau.
Bn m hp thoi Properties trn my in ny v la chn Enable Printer
Pooling trn th Port. Bn phi lm g tip theo?
a. Cu hnh cng LPT1 h tr ba my in
b. La chn hoc to cc cng nh x ti ba my in
c. Trn th Device Settings, cu hnh cc la chn c kh nng ci
t c nhm h tr hai thit b in n thm vo
d. Trn th Advanced, cu hnh u tin cho mi thit b in n
nhm m bo tin trnh in c phn phi cho ba thit b in.
6. Bn ang qun tr mt my tnh Windows Server 2003 c cu hnh
nh mt my ch in n. Vo ngy gia tun lm vic, my in b li v
cn c thay th. Ngi s dng gi cc tc v in n my in ny
v n c a ch IP l 192.168.1.81.Mt my in tng t c a ch
192.168.1.217 c my ch khc h tr. Cc cng vic bn cn thc
hin sao cho cc tc v ca ngi s dng vn c tip tc? (La chn
tt c cc cu tr li ng)
480
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
a. Trn hp thoi Properties ca my in li la chn Enable
Printer Pooling.
b. Trn hp thoi Properties ca my in li nhp Add Port
c. Trn th mc Printer And Faxes kch chut phi vo my in li
v la chn Use Offline.
d. Trn hp thoi Properties ca my in li la chn cng
192.168.1.217.
7. Trong cc m hnh di y, m hnh no cho bn bc tranh gn ng
nht v mc s dng trn my in, cho php bn hiu v mc tiu
th ca mc v giy in?
a. Cu hnh kim nh my in logic v kim nh cc s kin thnh
cng trong vic s dng Cp php in ca nhm h thng
Everyone.
b. Xut cc nht k s kin h thng (System log) ra file vn bn
phn cch cc trng bng du phy (*.csv) v s dng Excel
phn tch cc s kin b m.
c. Cu hnh nht k hiu nng v gim st bin m Total Pages
Printed trn mi my in logic.
d. Cu hnh nht k hiu nng v gim st bin m Jobs vi mi
bin m logic.
481
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
dng hn hp cc my trm Windows 2000/XP v Office khng thng bo bt
c mt li no. Bn cn nhc trng hp ny, n xy ra v mt s ng dng
khc nhau to ra cc kt qu khc nhau ph thuc vo my in c ang s dng
PostScript hoc mt trnh iu khin khng phi PostScript hay khng. Bn s
trin khai trnh iu khin my in hot ng tt u sao cho cc my tnh
cn n c cp nht?
e. Hp thoi Server Properties ca my ch in n
f. Hp thoi Properties ca my in MarketingPrinter
g. Hp thoi Properties ca my in SalesPrinter
h. Hp thoi Properties ca cc my in logic c ci t trn cc my
tnh ca mi ngi s dng phng marketing.
===============================================
482
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
c. Thit lp cc u tin my in khc nhau cho mi nhn vin tr l
da trn danh sch do ngi ng u nhm to ra. Nhn vin quan
trng nht s c u tin l 99 cn ngi c vai tr quan trng
thp nht s c u tin l 1.
d. Mua thm cc my in laser tng t v ci t chng nh nhng
my in chia s ring r trn my ch.
483
LM VIC VI CC MY IN
PHN 4
QUN L V DUY TR
PHN CNG
484
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486
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496
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X L S C CC THIT B V TRNH
IU KHIN
i khi, bn c th gp nhng rc ri vi cc thnh phn phn cng v trnh
iu khin thit b c bit nu bn lm vic vi cc thit b khng tun theo
chun PnP. Windows Server 2003 cung cp cho ngi s dng mt s cng
c bn c th x l nhng li ny. Mt s cng c ni trn c m t
trong cc phn di y.
Ch gii
Phng php x l s c
Thit b ny khng c cu
hnh chnh xc
514
12
Thit b ny khng th tm
c ti nguyn trng
s dng. Nu bn mun s
dng thit b ny, bn cn v
hiu mt trong cc thit b
khc trn h thng ny.
Cc li
khc
Hu ht cc li khc u lin
quan ti trnh iu khin khng
tng thch hoc cu hnh trnh
iu khin khng chnh xc. C
gng s dng mt trnh iu
khin khc hoc g b thit b
ra khi Device Manager v ci
t li n.
515
Hnh 11-14: Danh sch phn cng ci t trong Add Hardware Wizard
Cc cng c x l s c trn Windows Server 2003 c thc hin trong
Help And Support Center nh hnh v 11-15. Mn hnh xut hin ty thuc
vo li trn thit b v trng thi hin ti ca phn cng. V d, mt cng c
x l s c thng thng s hi bn xc nhn rng thit b c nm trong
HCL (danh sch phn cng tng thch) trn Windows Server 2003 v tip
theo hi bn gn y c ci t trnh iu khin thit b mi khng. Tip
theo cng c x l c th cung cp cc hng dn gip bn x l nhng rc
ri trn thit b nh s dng li trnh iu khin c hoc ci t li thit b
chng hn.
516
517
phc
hi
kha
registry:
HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet tr v gi tr bn u cha
thng tin v trnh iu khin c. Nu li trnh iu khin khng t
xy ra cho n khi bn ng nhp thnh cng vo h thng (iu
ny thng xy ra i vi nhng cp nht trnh iu khin mn
hnh) th la chn ny t khi c s dng. Bi v, mt khi bn
ng nhp thnh cng vo h thng th cu hnh ln cui cng tt s
b ghi ln ngay.
Safe Mode (ch an ton) Nu mt tin trnh ci t trnh iu
khin thit b lm cho my tnh hot ng khng chnh xc, nhp
F8 khi h thng khi ng li v chn ch Safe Made. Ch
ny lm cho Windows Server 2003 khi ng vi mt cu hnh ti
thiu v ch c cc trnh iu khin thit b cn cho tin trnh khi
ng v ng nhp. Mt khi h thng ang chy trong ch Safe
Mode bn c th s dng Device Manager v hiu ha thit b
gy ra li.
Recovery Console (mn hnh phc hi h thng) Khi c Last
Know Good Configuration ln Safe Mode u khng th gip bn
ng nhp vo h thng th Recovery Console s gip bn ng
nhp v truy cp ti mt phn hn ch cc file h thng t ch
dng lnh. T Recovery Console, bn c th v hiu ha li nhng
lm c iu bn phi bit chnh xc tn cu thit b hoc
trnh iu khin (hoc c hai).
518
TNG KT
Cc trnh iu khin thit b l cc phn mm cho php cc ng
dng v h iu hnh lin kt vi cc thit b phn cng xc nh.
Mi thit b phn cng m bn ci t trn my tnh u phi c
mt trnh iu khin tng ng c thit k cho h iu hnh m
my tnh ca bn ang s dng.
Plug and Play (PnP) l mt chun cho php cc my tnh pht hin
v nhn din cc thit b phn cng v tip theo ci t, cu hnh
trnh iu khin cho chng. PnP t ng gn cc ti nguyn phn
cng cho mi thit b v bn c th cu hnh li cc thit b khc
ph hp vi nhng nhu cu c bit ca mi thnh phn.
Windows Server 2003 cha mt th vin ln cc trnh iu khin
dnh cho nhiu thit b phn cng khc nhau. Nu Windows khng
cha trnh iu khin cho thit b trn my tnh ca bn th bn phi
ly chng t nh sn xut thit b (thng thng chng i km
theo thit b v c cha trong a CD ci t hoc a mm)
Cc trnh iu khin sn c trn Windows Server 2003 tt c u
c kim chng v m bo rng chng tng thch hon ton vi
h iu hnh. Bn c th cu hnh cch thc x l ca h iu hnh
khi bn thc hin ci t mt trnh iu khin cha qua kim chng
bng cch s dng hp thoi Driver Signing Options.
lin lc vi my tnh, cc thit b phn cng s dng cc ti
nguyn phn cng nh cc yu cu ngt (IRQ), cc a ch vo/ra
(I/O), cc knh DMA (truy cp trc tip b nh) v cc a ch b
nh chng hn.
Device Manager l mt mn hnh qun tr lit k tt c cc thit b
phn cng trn my tnh ca bn v ch r nhng li lin quan n
thit b hoc trnh iu khin.
S dng Device Manager, bn c th cho php hoc v hiu ha
cc thit b, cp nht hoc s dng li cc trnh iu khin, qun l
thit b v cc c tnh trnh iu khin ca chng v gii quyt
nhng li xung t ti nguyn phn cng.
Ngi s dng phi c quyn qun tr mi c th ci t v qun l
cc thit b phn cng cng nh cc trnh iu khin ca chng.
Mt ngoi l i vi trng hp ny l ngi s dng khng c
quyn qun tr vn c th ci t cc thit b PnP khi thit b
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
519
520
BI TP THC HNH
===============================================
521
522
523
CC CU HI N TP
1. Mt ngi s dng l thnh vin ca nhm Users mun ci t
mt my in USB c kt ni ti my in ca bn. Trnh iu khin
my in c sn trong Windows Server 2003. Ngi s dng c th
ci t my in m khng cn ti s tr gip ca ngi qun tr
khng? Ti sao c v ti sao khng?
2. Mt ngi s dng l thnh vin ca nhm Users mun ci t
mt my in USB c kt ni ti my in ca bn. Trnh iu khin
my in c sn trong Windows Server 2003 nhng nh sn xut
cung cp mt trnh iu khin c xc thc trn a CD-ROM.
Ngi s dng c th ci t my in m khng cn ti s tr gip
ca ngi qun tr khng? Ti sao c v ti sao khng?
3. Trong tnh hung no bn phi thay i cc thit lp ti nguyn
phn cng cho mt thit b?
4. Bn cn g b tm thi v mt logic ch khng phi v mt l mt
thit b PnP ra khi cu hnh phn cng ca mt my tnh. Bn
mun ti u ha thi gian khi phc li thit b sau ny. Cc la
chn di y, u l la chn ti u nht bn hon thnh mc
tiu ni trn?
a. S dng Device Manager g b thit b
b. G b vt l thit b phn cng ra khi my tnh
c. S dng Device Manager v hiu ha thit b
d. Di chuyn file cha trnh iu khin thit b ti mt th mc
khc trn a cc b.
5. Nh sn xut card mng khng dy c ci t trn my tnh ca
bn va a ra trnh iu khin mi. Bn mun th trnh iu
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
S dng c ch lu tr c bn
Lu tr c bn l chun cng nghip cho cng vic qun l a cng v l
ch lu tr mc nh trong Windows Server 2003. Tt c cc phin bn
ca Windows cng nh MS-DOS, u h tr lu tr c bn v c th truy
nhp ti cc a c bn (Basic Disk). Trong Windows Server 2003, tt c
cc a l a c bn cho ti khi bn chuyn i chng thnh a ng
(Dynamic Disk).
Trong ch lu tr c bn, mt a vt l c chia thnh cc phn vng
v mi phn vng hot ng nh mt n v lu tr vt l ring bit. Thng
tin v v tr v kch thc ca mi phn vng c lu li trong bng phn
vng ca Master Boot Record (MBR) trn a. to nhiu volume trn
mt a vt l duy nht, bn phi to ra nhiu phn vng. Windows Server
2003 h tr ti a 4 phn vng trn mt a c bn v c hai kiu phn
vng:
Phn vng chnh (Primary Partition) Mt a c bn c th c ti
a 04 phn vng chnh vi mi phn vng hot ng nh mt
volume ring bit. Mt trong cc phn vng ny c th c ch
nh lm phn vng khi ng (Boot Partition). My tnh s tm
kim trn phn vng khi ng cc file khi ng cn thit np
h iu hnh. Sau khi to ra mt phn vng chnh, bn phi nh
dng n vi mt kiu h thng tp tin trc khi lu tr d liu ln
.
Phn vng m rng Mt a c bn c th c mt phn vng m
rng s dng khng gian cn li sau tin trnh to cc phn vng
chnh. Do mt a c bn ch c ti a 04 phn vng nn khi c
mt phn vng m rng th s phn vng chnh ti a l 3. s
dng khng gian trn mt phn vng m rng, bn phi to ra mt
hoc nhiu a logic trn phn vng trc, k nh dng
chng mt cch ring r. Bn c th to ra mt s lng cc a
logic ty trn khng gian phn vng m rng.
CH S dng cc phn vng m rng Trong cc phin bn
trc ca h iu hnh Microsoft gm c Windows 95, Windows 98
v MS-DOS , mt a vt l ch c th c mt phn vng chnh. Nu
bn mun to nhiu volume trn mt a vt l duy nht th bn phi
to mt phn vng m rng v chia n thnh mt hoc nhiu a
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
531
532
533
So snh cc a c bn vi cc a ng
Cu hi t ra l bn nn s dng c ch lu tr c bn hay ng trn my
tnh Windows Server 2003 i hi s cn nhc cn thn. Nh nhc n
trn, mc nh ban u tt c cc a Windows Server 2003 u l a c bn
cho ti khi bn cn chuyn i chng thnh cc a ng. Qu trnh chuyn
i gia a c bn v a ng rt n gin, nhanh chng v c th thc
hin c ti bt k thi im no m khng lo s mt d liu. Tuy nhin,
vic chuyn i mt a ng thnh mt a c bn li kh hn rt nhiu v
tt c d liu trn a ca bn s b mt v phi phc hi chng t mt bn
sao lu. Do bn cn phi m bo rng bn thc s cn c ch lu tr
ng trc khi thc hin s chuyn i.
Cc a ng cho php bn thc hin vic chuyn i chng gia cc my
ch mt cch d dng (ngoi tr cc a h thng). Tnh nng ny cho php
bn di chuyn mt a t my ch li sang mt my ch hot ng vi thi
534
535
536
537
538
539
Ci t a cng
thm a cng mi vo my tnh, trc ht bn phi ci t n. K ,
m mn hnh qun tr Disk Management v nu h thng khng t ng
pht hin a cng, chn Rescan Disks t thc n Action. Nu h thng
yu cu bn khi ng my tnh hon thnh tin trnh ci t a mi, bn
hy thc hin v m Disk Management li mt ln na.
U
Khi to a cng
Khi bn thm a cng vo my tnh Windows Server 2003, bn phi khi
to a trc khi bt tay vo vic nh v khng gian cho cc phn vng, cc
a logic v cc volume. Khi to a cho php h iu hnh ghi ch k
a, du kt thc sector (cn c gi l t k) v mt MBR hoc GPT ln
a cng .
Nu bn khi to Disk Management sau khi ci t a mi, Trnh hng
dn Initialize And Convert Disk s t ng xut hin. Trnh hng dn cho
540
541
Chuyn i mt a c bn thnh mt a ng
Nu bn mun s dng lu tr ng, bn phi chuyn i a c bn thnh
a ng trc khi bn to cc volume mi. thc hin iu ny, la chn
hp trng thi ca a trong mn hnh ha, trn thc n Action tr ti
All Tasks v la chn Convert To Dynamic Disk. Sau khi tin trnh chuyn
i hon thnh, hp trng thi ca a s hin th thng bo a hin l mt
a ng v v bn c th tin trnh to cc volume.
CH Chuyn i a h thng Trong hu ht cc trng hp,
bn c th bt u s dng a ng ngay lp tc sau khi bn hon
thnh qu trnh chuyn i t a c bn. Tuy nhin, khi bn chuyn
i a h thng thnh a ng, bn phi khi ng li h thng
trc khi bn c th thc hin bt k cng vic no trn a.
Bn c th chuyn i mt a c bn thnh a ng ti bt k thi im
no thm ch khi bn lu tr d liu trn . Cu trc d liu trn a s
khng b thay i v vy d liu s khng b mt mt. Tuy nhin, phng
php tt nht trc khi thc hin bt k mt s thay i quan trng no trn
a l sao lu d liu.
Khi bn chuyn i mt a c bn c cc phn vng v cc a logic
thnh mt a ng, nhng thnh phn ny s c chuyn i thnh cc
thnh phn tng ng trn a ng. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, cc phn
vng v cc a logic trn a c bn c chuyn i thnh cc simple
volume. Cc tp volume v stripe trn Windows NT s c chuyn i
tng ng thnh cc spanned volume v striped volume.
CH Chuyn i mt a ng thnh a c bn Vic chuyn i
mt a ng thnh mt a c bn s lm mt tt c d liu trn
a. V vy, trc tin bn phi sao lu tt c d liu trn a. K
bn phi xa tt c cc volume trn a ng. Tip theo bn la
chn a v chn Convert To Basic Disk t thc n Action/All
542
To cc volume trn a ng
Mt khi bn chuyn i a cng sang c ch lu tr ng, bn c th
tin hnh to cc volume trn . La chn mt vng khng gian cha s
dng trn a trong mn hnh ha ri chn New Volume t thc n
Action/All Tasks. Trnh hng dn New Volume s xut hin. Trong Trnh
hng dn ny, bn phi xc nh kiu volume bn mun to trong trang
Select Volume Type nh hnh v 12-4.
543
544
545
546
547
548
Yu cu hai a cng
C mt gi tr cao hn trn mi MB
C mt gi tr thp hn trn mi MB
50% d phng
Cc i 33% d phng
S dng t b nh h thng
Yu cu nhiu b nh h thng
Gn cc k t a
Khi bn to mt phn vng trn mt a c bn hoc mt volume trn mt
a ng, New Partition Wizard v New Volume Wizard s cho php bn
gn k t a cho phn vng hoc volume bng cch s dng giao din
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
549
Hnh 12-7 Trang Assign Drive Letter Or Path ca New Volume Wizard
Thay cho vic gn k t a cho mt volume, bn cng c th gn volume
cho mt th mc rng trn mt a NTFS sn c. Bng cch ny, s lm
cho ni dung thc s ca volume s xut hin nh mt th mc nm trn
a khc. Kh nng cho php m rng mt h thng con lu tr trn
Windows Server 2003 do nhng hn ch ca 24 k t a sn c v cho
php m rng khng gian a trn mt volume sn c.
Khi bn la chn Mount In The Following Empty NTFS Folder (gn vo
mt th mc NTFS rng) bn phi tr ti th mc rng nm trn bt k a
NTFS cn li trn h thng bng cch g trc tip ng dn hoc s dng
nt Browse. a NTFS c th l a c bn hoc a ng v khng c hn
ch v kiu volume m bn c th gn. V d, bn c th gn mt striped
volume vi mt th mc rng nm trn mt mirrorred volume hoc bn c
th gn mt phn vng trn a c bn vi mt th mc nm trn RAID-5
volume. Mi volume s duy tr hiu nng v cc tnh nng chng li ca
ring n. Cng khng c hn ch v h thng file ca volume bn gn.
Volume c gn c th s dng FAT hoc NTFS, ch c a cha th mc
rng m bn gn volume ti th phi s dng h thng file NTFS.
Hnh v 12-8 biu din mt my tnh c mt th mc trn mt a c gn
vi mt volume khc. Ch rng th mc s xut hin trong kin trc phn
550
551
nh dng cc volume
Bc cui cng trong New Partition Wizard v New Volume Wizard s
gip bn nh dng phn vng hoc volume mi m bn va to bng giao
din nh hnh v 12-10.
552
M rng cc volume ng
Khng ging nh cc phn vng trn cc a c bn, chng b kha vi kch
thc xc nh khi bn to chng, bn hon ton c th m rng mt volume
trn a ng vi cc khng gian cha s dng trn a. iu ny cho php
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
TNG KT
Windows Server 2003 h tr hai loi lu tr: c bn v ng cng
vi ba h thng file: FAT, FAT32 v NTFS. Hu ht cc c tnh
qun tr lu tr tin tin ch sn sng trn cc volume trn a ng
v c nh dng theo chun NTFS.
Cc a c bn v h thng file FAT cung cp tinh tng thch vi
cc h iu hnh Windows c nhng b hn ch bi dung lng ca
chng. Mt a c bn c th cu hnh ln ti bn phn vng ca c
hai loi: chnh v m rng. Ch c mt phn vng m rng duy
nht trn a nhng bn c th to nhiu a logic khc nhau ty
theo nhu cu ca bn.
Cc a ng cung cp cc la chn linh hot v mnh m trong cc
cu hnh vi yu cu nhiu hn mt a. Mt a ng ch c duy
nht mt phn vng nhng bn c th c ty thch bao nhiu
volume trn phn vng .
Cc a c bn c th chuyn i thnh cc a ng m khng mt
mt d liu nhng bn s mt tt c d liu v cc volume s b xa
khi thc hin chuyn i mt a ng thnh mt a c bn.
Cc a ng h tr cc loi volume sau: simple, spanned, striped,
mirrored v RAID-5 cung cp kh nng lu tr ty thuc vo dung
lng, hiu nng v kh nng chng li.
Mirrored volume (RAID-1) cung cp kh nng chng li, n duy
tr mt phin bn sao lu trn c hai a. Cc striped volume vi bit
chn l (RAID-5) s a d liu ln trn nhiu a v s dng d
liu chn l. Cc d liu ny c duy tr vi mc ch tnh ton d
liu b li khi c mt a b h hng.
Cc simple volume, spanned volume, striped volume (RAID-0) v
tt c cc a logic trn cc a c bn u khng c tnh nng
chng li. Tt c d liu s b mt i nu c bt k a no b li.
Cc volume ny cng ln hoc nhiu a vt l h tr cho chng th
kh nng b li cng cao.
to v qun tr cc a c bm v a ng, bn s dng Disk
Management. Cc cng vic qun l a thng dng gm c to v
xa cc phn vng, cc volume v gn cc k t a, cc im
gn kt.
562
BI TP THC HNH
===============================================
563
564
565
CU HI N TP
1. Nhng p n no di y cung cp kh nng phc hi nu c li
xy ra i vi mt a cng n?
a. a logic
b. Simple volume
c. Mirrored volume
d. Striped volume
e. Phn vng m rng
f. Spanned volume
g. RAID-5 volume
h. Phn vng chnh
2. Bn c mt my tnh c ci t hai h iu hnh trong phng lab. My
tnh ci t Windows NT4 trn phn vng chnh u tin v Windows
Server 2003 c ci t trn phn vng th hai. My tnh ang
trong tnh trng thiu khng gian a cng v vy bn cn thm mt
a cng mi. Bn khi ng my tnh vi h iu hnh Windows
Server 2003 v cu hnh a ny l mt a ng. Sau bn khi
ng vi Windows NT4 v bn khng th nhn thy a ny. Ti sao?
3. Nhm cung cp tnh nng chng li, hiu nng cao nht v kh nng
thay th nng mt a li bn mua mt RAID cng vi 7 a. Sau
khi ci t nhm a ny, bn ch nhn thy duy nht mt a mi trn
Windows Server 2003. Ti sao?
4. Nhng p n no di y cho php bn to cc a logic?
a. Cc phn vng chnh
b. Cc simple volume
c. Cc spanned volume
QUN L V DUY TR H IU HNH MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
THUT NG
THUT NG
access control entry (ACE)
Mc vo Kim sot Truy nhp:
mt mc vo (dng) trong
Danh sch Kim sot Truy
nhp (access control list ACL) xc nh cc cp php
c trao cho mt Ch th Bo
mt c th no ..
access control list (ACL)
Danh sch Kim sot Truy
nhp Mt tp hp cc Mc vo
Kim sot Truy nhp lin quan
ti file, folder, i tng Active
Directory hay cc ti nguyn
khc xc nh cc cp php m
cc Ch th Bo mt (nh
ngi dng, my tnh) c khi
truy nhp cc ti nguyn.
ACE Xem access control entry
(ACE).
ACL Xem access control list
(ACL).
active partition Phn vng
c tch cc Phn vng c
cha cc file khi ng ca h
thng.
archive bit Bit l tr C 1 bit
c cha trong tt c cc file
gip cho cc chng trnh sao
lu xc nh c file no cn
lu tr. Cc file mi to c bit
lu tr c kch hot v vic
thc hin sao lu ton phn s
xa bt ny. Bit lu tr ny li
THUT NG
Client Access License (CAL)
Giy php Truy nhp t My
khch Mt loi giy php cho
php ngi dng hay thit b
kt ni ti sn phm my ch
thc hin cc chc nng s
dng cc thnh phn my ch,
bao gm cc dch v file, in n,
xc thc. Cc truy nhp khng
xc thc thng qua Internet
khng yu cu c giy php
ny.
commit memory B nh cam
kt Lng b nh c t sn
cho cc chng trnh ngi
dng v h thng.
computer object i tng
My tnh Mt kiu i tng
Active Directory i din cho
mt my tnh c th trong
Min. i tng ny bao gm
Ti khon My tnh, gip h
thng c th thit lp knh bo
mt gia My tnh v My ch
iu khin Min, v cc thng
tin v my tnh.
container object i tng
cha Mt loi i tng
Active Directory c th cha
trong n cc i tng khc.
details pane Khung chi tit
Khung pha bn phi trong
Bng iu khin Qun tr
Microsoft (MMC), hin th cc
thng tin chi tit v cc thnh
phn c la chn trn khung
Phm vi bn tri ca s
MMC.
device driver Trnh iu
khin Thit b Mt tp cc
thng trnh thc hin cc chc
nng chuyn bit ca thit b
tr gip cho cc hot ng
vo/ra ca n.
differential backup Sao lu
Sai khc (vi sai) Mt kiu sao
lu c s dng b lc sao cho
ch cc file thay i sau ln
sao lu ton phn gn nht
c sao lu. Kiu sao lu ny
ch sao lu cc file c bit lu
tr c kch hot v khng
thay i gi tr bit sao lu ca
file. Sao lu Sai khc yu cu
nhiu khng gian lu tr hn so
vi kiu Sao lu Tng ln do
cc file c thay i s c sao
lu trong tt c cc ln thc
hin kiu sao lu ny cho n
ln thc hin Sao lu Ton
phn k tip. Tuy nhin, kiu
sao lu ny gip thc hin vic
phc hi d dng v nhanh
chng hn do ch cn mt bn
sao lu ton phn v mt bn
sao lu sai khc gn nht l .
Xem thm incremental
backup.
direct memory access (DMA)
channel Knh Truy nhp B
nh Trc tip Mt knh dn
c cc thit b phn cng s
dng truyn trc tip d liu
THUT NG
vo/ra b nh h thng (khng
thng qua CPU).
directory service Dch v th
mc Mt c s d liu bao gm
cc thng tin v cc thc th v
ti nguyn mng, dc cc
ngi dng s dng nh l mt
hng dn truy nhp cc ti
nguyn mng v nh l mt
ngun xc thc. Cc h iu
hnh mng trc y s dng
Dch v th mc dng cc file
bng c bn, nh Windows NT
v Novell NetWare. Ngy nay,
cc Dch v th mc, nh
Active Directory ca Microsoft
v eDirectory ca Novell, c
xy dng c tnh cu trc trt t
v h tr cho cc mng doanh
nghip ln.
distribution group Nhm
Phn phi Mt kiu nhm
Active Directory khng th
thc hin cc chc nng nh
cc Ch th Bo mt, dc s
dng chnh to ra cc dan
sch E-mail.
DMA channel Knh DMA
Xem direct memory access
(DMA) channel.
Domain Min Mt tp hp ca
cc ngi dng, my tnh, ti
nguyn c cc thng tin ca
chng c lu tr trong Dch
v Th mc trn my ch (gi
l My ch Qun tr Min hay
DC).
domain controller My ch
Qun tr Min Mt my tnh
chy h iu hnh Windows
Server 2003, Windows 2000,
hay Windows NT c ch
nh lu tr v x l cc
thng tin Dch v Th mc.
Min Windows NT v dch v
Active Directory lu CSDL
dch v th mc trn my tnh
ny, ng thi chng cng lm
nhim v xc thc cc ngi
dng mun truy nhp cc ti
nguyn mng..
domain functional level Cp
Chc nng Min Mt thit lp
ch nh cc chc nng no ca
Active Directory l c th thc
hin trong Min. Vic thc thi
Active Directory trong cc
phin bn khc nhau ca
Windows c khc nhau i
cht trong cc tnh nng ca n
v Cp Chc nng Min kim
sot cc t hp nhm hay cc
s chuyn i nhm no l c
th thc hin c.
domain local group Nhm
Cc b Min Mt loi phm vi
nhm Active Directory c s
dng chnh cung cp truy
nhp ti cc ngun ti nguyn
trong mt Min n.
Duplexing Nhn bn Vic ci
t theo kiu nh x a, trong
mi a vt l s c kt
ni ti mt knh/card iu
khin khc nhau. K thut ny
THUT NG
cho hiu nng tt v kh nng
chng li c i vi cc hng
hc ca a cng nh ca
knh/card iu khin.
cho cc i tng th mc c
yu cu thng xuyn bo tr,
nh ti khon ngi dng, my
tnh.
effective permissions Cc Cp
php Hiu dng l s kt hp
ca cc cp php Cho php, T
chi, Tha k, v Trc tip i
vi Ch th Bo mt. N cho
php xem trc tip cc cp
php c hiu lc i vi Ch
th Bo mt khi thc hin chc
nng truy cp n ti nguyn.
THUT NG
incremental backup Sao lu
Tng ln Mt kiu sao lu c
s dng b lc sao cho ch thc
hin sao lu vi cc file b
thay i t ln sao lu trc.
B lc s nh gi bt lu tr
ca mi file v ch sao lu cc
file no c bt lu tr c kch
hot. Sao lu Tng ln s sa
li gi tr bit lu tr sau mi ln
sao lu (khng ging nh Sao
lu Sai khc, chng khng sa
bit lu tr). Kiu sao lu ny
chng s dng t bng/a sao
lu hn do chng khng tin
hnh sao lu li cc file
c sao lu t ln sao lu
trc m khng c thay i g.
Nhng vic phc hi cc d
liu sao lu ny l kh khn
hn do phi phc hi ln lt
theo ng th t tt c cc bn
sao lu c k t ln sao lu
ton phn gn nht.
interrupt request (IRQ) Yu
cu ngt mt tn hiu c gi
t thnh phn ny n thnh
phn khc ca h thng (thng
thng c gi t thit b
ngoi vi n b vi x l) bo
hiu rng thit b gi i hi s
ch ca thit b nhn.
I/O address a ch Vo/Ra v
tr trong b nh nh cho mt
thit b phn cng no s
dng, dng trao i thng
tin vi h thng.
THUT NG
local user profile Khi lc
Ngi dng Cc b L tp hp
ca cc file v folder xy dng
nn mi trng mn hnh nn
dnh cho mt ngi dng xc
nh, c lu tr trn a
cc b.
network-attached printer
My in cm trc tip vo
mng Mt loai my in c
cm trc tip vo mng thay
cho cm vo my tnh. Cc my
tnh thng giao tip vi my
in ny bng cch s dng a
ch IP.
THUT NG
organizational unit (OU) n
v T chc Mt loi i tng
cha Active Directory c s
dng trong ni b min. OU l
i tng cha logic trong
ta c th b tr ngi dng, my
tnh v cc OU khc. OU ch c
th cha trong n cc i tng
cng min. OU l phm vi
nh nht bn c th p dng
chnh sch nhm hay y quyn
qun tr.
OU Xem organizational unit
(OU).
Per Device or Per User
licensing mode Ch giy
php theo ngi dng hay
theo thit b Mt yu cu giy
php cho php trao quyn cho
mt ngi dng (c th s dng
nhiu thit b) hoc cho mt
thit b (c th c nhiu ngi
dng) c truy cp n bt c
sn phm my ch no.
performance counter Bin
m Hiu nng mt loi bo
co d liu lin quan n i
tng hiu nng.
performance instance Trng
hp ring hiu nng Mt s
kin ring ca bin m hiu
nng. Nu my ch c bn b
vi x l, chng ta s c bn
trng hp ring cho mi bin
m hiu nng ca i tng
b vi x l, c nh s t 0
n 3.
THUT NG
cc tc v in n nhn c t
my khch v ln lt chuyn
cc tc v ny ti my in vt l.
RAID-5 volume logic
RAID-5 a logic trn d
liu c ghi cng lc trn
nhiu cng vt l (t 3 n 32
) vi cng tc km theo
thng tin chn l nhm cung
cp kh nng chng li khi
logic b hng mt n. Cu
hnh ni trn cung cp hiu
nng c tt v s dng tit
kim dung lng a, nhng
tc ghi khng tt v tiu tn
ti nguyn b vi x l nhiu hn
do vic phi tnh ton thng tin
chn l trong qu trnh ghi.
roaming user profile Khi
lc Ngi dng Di tr Mt
loi khi lc ngi dng da
trn my ch, c lu trn
a chia s trn mng m ngi
dng c th truy nhp t bt c
my tnh no.
scope pane Khung phm vi
khung bn tri trong ca s
MMC, hin th cc snap-in
c ci t trong bng iu
khin.
security group Nhm Bo mt
Mt kiu nhm Active
Directory c s dng nh
cc ch th bo mt trong cc
Danh sch Kim sat Truy
nhp (ACL).
THUT NG
(standalone) c th thm trc
tip vo MMC v m rng
(extension) nht thit phi gn
vi mt Snap-in c lp.
spanned volume logic m
rng Mt a logic bao gm
cc khong khng gian trn
nhiu a cng. do dung lng
ln cng nh gm nhiu a
cng nn loi ny rt d hng
v l khng chu li.
special permission Cp php
c bit thnh phn cung cp
cho cc ch th bo mt cc
mc truy cp chi tit hn
n cc ti nguyn.
standard permission Cp
php tiu chun Mt tp hp
cc cp php xc nh c s
dng cung cp cho cc ch
th bo mt vi mc s
dng thng xuyn truy
nhp vo ti nguyn.
striped volume logic c
chia vch Mt loi Logic
trong d liu c ghi trn
nhiu vt l vi cng tc
theo tng khi (vch). N cung
cp mt hiu nng dung lng
tt nht so vi cc loi khc
nhng khng c kh nng chu
li.
tree Cy Mt nhm cc min
Active Directory cng chia s
mt khong khng gian tn lin
tc. V d, sales.microsoft.com
v developers.microsoft.com l
THUT NG
chn mt phin bn nht nh
phc hi khi cn v cc
chng trnh sao lu s s dng
cc phin bn ny sao lu
cc file ang m.