Kinh Nghim Sa Cha in T

Title: Kinh Nghim Sa Cha in T

kingdeo2004 - March 16, 2006 12:25 PM (GMT)
Kinh Nghim Sa cha in t
Cc bn thn mn , chng ta cng gip nhau kinh nghim sa cha in t nh.
Kinh nghim sa cha mo tuyn tnh dc trong TV:
Mo tuyn tnh dc l 1 pan kh "tn thi gian" ca th.Chnh sa cch m hnh nh
vn...u di chn ngn??
Ti c s kinh nghim sa mo tuyn tnh dc nh sau:
--- Cc sch dy rng :chng ta phi kim tra [ tho ra o Ohm hoc l thay mi] cc t ho,
bin tr V.size,V.lin,
in tr, transistor CS, IC CS Vert, Yoke v.v...y nh l ta phi tho ra rp mi li.Th l chc
c nhng mt thi gian.
Hihi, nu m mch in b "r" th...cng phi b mua my khc!!! Khng sao? Bn c th v 1
mch in nh khc,rp
mi v ci vo, ging nh chuyn h!!!
Ring ti c my chiu :[ khng k cc cch kim tra nh trong sch dy y nh trn]
---Thng thng mo loi ny nm tng KCS Vert
--- Thay t ra Yoke cho ln ln, v d ca n l 220uF ta thay bng t 2200uF
--- Tng ngun ln cng l 1 cch gip thm gim mo tuyn tnh.[Dng dy ng qun
quanh flyback vi vng,...]
---Bn phn cc li tng CSVert, tc l dng 1 con in tr vi chc k [10K -->47K] ni t
ng ra tr v ng vo ca tng CS.
iu ny ging nh bn rp Ampli c 1 con in tr ni t ng ra loa tr v cc B con trans
u tin vy .y l "tuyt chiu" !
********************************************
Hm nay ti xin trao i vi cc bn v kinh nghim sa ampli Karaoke thng dng hin nay.
Pan nh sau:
--- Ting nhc th bnh thng, nhng ting ca th...hnh nh l n "i sau"?Nghe k hoc,
mun ca nhng ca khng c./
Gp pan ny cc bn x l nh sau:
--- Vn nt Echo ca Micro xung minimum.Lng nghe ting ni vo Micro c ra ht 2 loa
khng?[ tm thi tt nhc].Lc ny chc chn bn s pht hin c 1 loa khng pht ra ting
micro!!!
---Ting nhc ra 2 loa, ting "di echo" ra 2 loa, ch c ting ni ca bn ra c 1 loa nn
bn s cm thy "hnh nh n i sau"!!!
---Cch sa nh sau: bn g v mch Echo [ bo Echo] kim tra 7 si dy chuyn t cc bo
Micro xung, c 1 cng dy b t hoc h mi hn. Bn ch c vic hn li.
--- B quyt ca cch sa ny l Pan nm ngay bo Echo!
********************************************

VI KINH NGHIM V CCH GIM H CHO MICRO

Ti xin chia x vi cc bn v vic khc phc micro cho bt h , mong rng cc bn no c
kinh nghim cng chia s.
*** Ni v micro :
--- Micro c s ohm cao hn th s t h hn. V d micro 600 ohm s t h hn micro
200ohm. Thng thng micro 600 ohm c ng knh cun dy ln hn micro 200 ohm, nu
bn m u micro ra quan st s thy mn micro v cun dy. By gi thng thy l micro
600 ohm.
--- Micro mc tin hn th t h hn ?? Phn ln l nh th, nhng cng khng phi l tt
c.C khi ti mua u micro 3.500 vnd [loi r tin] thay vo u micro gin [b h] ,ht
karaoke cng tm c y.
--- Thit k ng micro cng nh hng n s h y. Nhiu khi bn thay u micro vo
th b h hn lc trc. Bn khoan gn u micro vo v, m c ngoi ri ca ht th xem
sao. Sau t t gn vo ri iu chnh , trm trt, nht bng gn, bt kn,sao cho khi
ngoi th no th gn vo trong cng vy. Bi v di t micro c 1 l hi, khi ngoi
khng kh s khc vi khi gn vo v micro.Vic ny cng ging nh ta gn loa vo thng
.Ti thng thy l u micro c bc kn trc khi vo v.Nu thy kh khn khi t
vo v th bn ch bin cho n nm i ln, lc ny khng lin quan g n v, v ch l
cm tay.
--- Ming giy en dn gip vng u micro l iu chnh p tuyn tn s ca micro.Ta
c th dng kim khot l cho thng .Dn bt l treble, g ra l basse.
--- C khi bn gp trng hp nh vy : g g th nghe ln trong loa lm, nhng ni vo
micro th khng nghe [hoc nghe nh xu], l cun dy micro b h keo, b tay!!! Cng c
khi bn gp trng hp micro nghe khng c bass, ting cht ngt, h h, l bn
micro rt xung t nn kt col , b tay!!!
--- C mt cch lm micro bt h l bn rp khuch i xi pin trong v micro, tn hiu micro
mnh s lm cho ta khng cn vn volume ln.Gim ti a s r rt khi b lng dy rack
ghim vo my.Lm khuch i bn c th gia gim bng t iu chnh theo mnh.Micro
khng dy l in hnh y. N t h v ln hn micro c dy!
--- Micro t st ming s t h hn xa ming , do ta chnh volume nh c.Nhng gp
ngi ht ln vo th b tay!! Ting nghe nght lin.
-- Bn tay bp vo v li micro [ bt chc ca s trn TV] th.. h b chy!!!
===Ni v thit k ampli [y ch l kinh nghim ca bn thn ti ]
--- Dn Pre Mic cn phi c tng Basse, Mid, Treble , cho ta chnh ting cho thch hp vi
ngi ca v nht l gim h .Ti bit th no cc bn cng chnh Mid v Treble nh li
khng h !!! Nghe khng ph c phi khng??
Cc dn Pre Mic ca cc my Karaoke i by gi u c 3 nt chnh ny. Nhng nt Mid
ca cc my ny ch iu chnh c 1 tn s [khong vi Khz] ch khng ng ngha l Mid
[ t vi trm n vi ngn Hz] , tri li nt Mid ca phn Music th ng l Mid thc s.
Khng bit ti sao nh sn xut li thit k nh th ? Chc c l Micro ca h xi l loi tht
tt !! Dn Pre Mic LX m ti cung cp cho bn th.. tt y. Bn c chnh 4 nt Mid s tm
c im ti u , khng h m ting hay. Khng nh Pre Mic Cali , khng h th mt hay do
bt Treble. B li , dn PreMicCali th d chnh. Bt m thm cho cc bn bit l dn
PreMicLX xi cho ting n Guitar hay lm !
--- Vn nt Echo ln cao c th lm cho h, nht l nt Repeat vn hi cao, m thanh s
qun d di. Nu Mic [tc l ang ht] b h, bn th bt Repeat xung xem sao,hoc l bn
stop nt Echo xem sao? C khi n s ht h. Vy h ny l ca phn Echo gy ra.
Thng thng bn stop nt Repeat ,ch cho nhi 1 ln th t h, nhng khng hay, lc ny
bn phi rp 3 mch Echo ni tip nhau ,cho mi mch nhi 1 ting [ nh nh t t] ging
nh mch nhi bng bng ci hi xa , n xi ti 3,4 u t, th chc c.

--- Rp t tng khuch i th t h hn rp nhiu tng , b li rp nhiu tng th c th tng

cng basse treble.
--- Ampli ca ht nn c thm b EQ, t nht l 10 cn chnh , hai ba chc cn th cng tt , th
no ta cng tm c mt cn trit h y!!!
--- p tuyn tn s ampli nn bng phng , iu ny c ngha l h s khuch i tn thp,
tn trung v tn cao tng i u. Bn phi rp 1 mch pht sng sin hay sng tam gic vi
3 tm chnh 40Hz, 400 Hz, v 10Khz[ c trong sch y], cho vo ng vo ca ampli, ng ra
gn Volt k AC song song 2 u loa.Bn s thy tn thp[40Hz] volt o rt thp, tn
trung[400Hz] volt o cao v tn cao[10Khz] th volt c th rt cao hoc thp hn tn trung
tu theo bn xi cc t pi vt ngang BC ca Trans hoc hai chn Opamp cao hay thp.Bn c
chnh t hoc tr tu , nh l vn cc nt Bass Treble Mid ti a nh, chnh mi ng. Bn
cc nt ny ngay gia ri chnh th s trt khi vn ln.
Phn EQ th bn khi chnh c t cc nt ngay gia. Khi bn chnh c tuyn tn s bng
phng th s thy ampli nghe hay m t h.
--- Lc my ang h [ v d bn Micro gn loa] bn dng t pi [t vi trm n vi ngn
pi] chm vo BC ca Trans hoc 2 chn o ca Opamp sao cho ht h. Khi ting s c ,
khng trong tro na. Khng sao, bn xi t lin lc nh li [ v d lc u l 10uF bn chnh
cn .1uF, vv..] v nh tng h s khuch i ca tng ln.Cn nu khng mun xi t
lin lc nh s mt trm th bn dng 1 mch lc chn tn s [ vi Khz] ni t cc E xung
masse hoc ni t ng o ca Opamp xung masse.Mch lc rp bng 1 trans. Bn xem
trong s EQ 10 cn xi trans m rp theo.
--- Thng thng Volume vn ln hn phn na th s h , l do v cng sut ampli ca
bn nh.Bn c rp cng sut mnh i i [ c ngn W cng c] ri vn volume nh nh
thi, vn nh ca ampli c ngn W s bng vn ln ca ampli vi trm W.Kt qu l khng
h, khng tin bn th xem?!! Mch ampli c ngn W n gin ,d rp ti c post ln mc
mch amplifier, bn tm xem nh.
---Khi khng c ting nhc th ta chnh Mic nghe hay lm, khng h. Nhng khi c ting
nhc th lm sao u y!!! Chnh cho Mic ln thm th ..h ! Ti bit c 1 mch Digital Mixer
cng d rp, bn cho tn hiu Mic vo mt u, v tn hiu nhc vo mt u. C thoi mi ca
ht ,ca ra ca ,nhc ra nhc, khng bn no ln lt bn no.Cho d bn vn ting nhc nh
ng i na th ting ca d vn nh vn r rng. Hay lm y.
===Ni v loa
--- Nn xi loa c hiu sut cao.Cch th l cng loi 8 ohm hoc 4 ohm bn u vo ampli
nghe coi ci no ln ting th chn xi ci .Loa 8 ohm v loa 4 ohm theo nguyn tc th 4
ohm s nghe ln hn, nhng nu hai ci nghe bng th bn nn xi loa 8 ohm, nu c 16 ohm
nghe ln th cng tt. Loa cng ln ohm th ampli cng nh ti , mt s, m thanh ra trung
thc. Nh xi loa hiu sut cao nn bn c th vn Volume nh c.Kt qu t h.
---Xi loa Fulrange, tc l loa c vnh nhng bng vi, cng,
--- Xi loa c cc nam chm ln, nng
---Treble ci nn ring, xoay hng t h nht.
---Thng loa nn t cao qua khi u nu c th.
-- - Nn kim bin tr dy qun chnh cho loa Treble. Bn ng gn loa treble vo , ch
chnh loa bass thi, sao cho m thanh tht hay, sao mi gn loa treble, lc ny n s h,
bn chnh bin tr cho n nghe nh li.Thng loa Lin X c hai bin tr chnh Treble v
Mid y.
( Mong cc pc hc c nhiu iu hay t trang web ny v ng gp kin cho web ny
nhiu nhiu ).
kingdeo2004 - March 16, 2006 12:45 PM (GMT)

Di tn khuch m php.
Ngi s dng ampli trong nh, hi trng u c kinh nghim th ny, m lng ca
ampli khng th m qu ln, nu khng nh vy ng loa s h rt khng ngng. l do v
sng m thanh bc x t loa i qua tng vch, trn nh v cc vt liu khc b phn x tr
v micro,to thnh thanh phn qu [ m thanh di tr li]. Sng m thanh phn
qu ny i qua h thng ampli tng cng thm nn kch khi s dao ng, khin ampli
pht sinh h rt, khng th pht huy tc dng ti a. V vy, trong hi trng thng thng,
cng m hng b hn ch, phn ln khng phi v cng sut ampli khng , m do v
sn sanh thanh phn qu[tp ch in t gi l m hi ngun].
Bt c gian phng, hi trng hoc i snh no, u c th coi l mt vt cng chn m
thanh[cng hng m thanh], nhn v tng vch trn nh i vi s phn x ca m thanh
u sn sanh tc dng cng hng. S tht th qu trnh cng hng loi ny thp phn phc
tp. Sng m thanh phn x tr li chng cht tng gia vi nhau, kt qu c tn s no
tng cng m thanh, tn s no suy gim m thanh, to thnh s khng ng u ca m
thanh trong phng. Trn ng cong p ng tn s xut hin rt nhiu phong [tm gi
l nh] v cc [tm gi l y] [Hnh 1]. Rt r rng, tn s tng ng vi phong
[c bit l mt vi tn s tng ng phong rt t xut] d kch khi dao ng. Nu
kho xt k, s hng ng ca h thng ampli tn s cao v tn s thp u hi sai
khc, m tn s trung hi mnh, nh th rt d hiu, v sao tt c tn s ca thanh phn
qusanh ra h rt u khng khc nhau my.
Bin php gim nh nh hng ca thanh phn qu thng l ci thin v tr ng loa v
micro, hoc l chn dng micro n hng. X l nh th l hu hiu, nhng vn khng d
t c kt qu mn . Trn nh ,tng vch trong hi trng dng cht ht m trang tr , c
th ci thin c tnh m thanh phn x, so vi hi trng bnh thng, vn thanh phn
qu gim i rt nhiu. Nhng i vi trng s tm thi hoc nh thng thng, li lm
cng vic x l sao cho c li v m thanh th thng l khng d dng ! V vy bin php
hu hiu gim nh thanh phn qu[ tm hiu l m thanh tng tr li] vn l kho xt v
phng din mch in ca ampli.
Nghin cu mi m nhng nm gn y xut hin ra mt loi Di tn khuch m php, l
mch in loi ny, hiu qu rt tt. N c th nng cao tng ch ca ampli 6dB tr ln.
Li cng vi bin php chn dng trn, ti a s hi trng c th tiu tr trit thanh
phn qu, t c trng m thanh phn b ng u, m thanh hng , khin ngi
mn !!!
Trn ng cong p ng thanh m, ly mt on di tn gn 1.000Hz phng i ln, c th
thy c, khong cch nh v y hu nh bng nhau, cn c ch dn ca thng k
nghin cu, trong gian phng bnh thng, ang lc hn n trong khong thi gian 1 giy,
sai bit tn s gia nh v ygn nhau c h l 5Hz.
Di tn php chnh l phng php thit k em tn s tn hiu t micro vo ampli nht lut di
ng 5Hz. Nh vy, lc sng m thanh phn x c tn s ng im nh, sau khi qua
micro vo ampli, do bi tri qua s di tn, m thanh loa bc x ra, tn s thay i 5Hz,va
lc ng ch y trong hnh. Cng c th ni, sng m thanh phn qu ny sau khi tri
qua phng gian phn x li truyn n micro ch l mt th tn hiu h nhc [so vi phn x
nh thp hn 20 n 30dB], nh vy s cng hng cng kh m duy tr. Do v tn s ch
di ng 5 Hz, nn s bin i m iu hnh nh khng pht hin ra.
PHNG PHP DI TN.
Mch in dng c s di tn 5Hz trn thc t rt gin n. Mch in ny thng thng
t gia tng tin khuch i micro v tng cng sut.
Tn s tn hiu n t micro trc tin do tng iu ch Q1 di ng cao ln. Di bin trn do
tng n bin i l ba kh lc b, ri sau do tng iu ch Q5 lm gii
iu. Di bin di i ra tng gii iu dng 1 tng lc sng lc b[ cho qua tn s thp hn

10 KHz], nhn m cp cho tn hiu vo mt s di ng tn s do tng dao ng sng

mang [m tn s khc nhau trong khong f1 v f2] quyt nh.