Ky Hieu Va Quy Uoc Trong So Do Dien

1.7.
K hiu v quy c trong s mch in

CC K HIU TRONG MCH IN T
1
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2
Hnh 1.3. Cc k hiu v quy c trong s mch in
CONNECTOR SYMBOLS
1.8. Dy in v bi dy in trong h thng in t

1.8.1. K hiu mu v k hiu s
Trong khun kh gio trnh ny, tc gi ch gii thiu h thng mu
dy v k hiu quy nh theo tiu chun Chu u. Cc xe s dng h
thng mu theo tiu chun ny l : Ford, Volswagen, BMW, Mercedes
Cc tiu chun ca cc loi xe khc, bn c c th tham kho trong cc
ti liu hng dn thc hnh in t.
Bng 1.1 : K hiu mu dy h Chu u
Mu
K hiu
ng dn
Rt
T accu
Trng/en
Ws/Sw
Cng tc n u
Trng
Ws
n pha (chiu xa)
Vng
Ge
n ct (chiu gn)
Xm
Gr
n kch thc v bo r chnh
Xm/en
Gr/Sw
n kch thc tri
Xm/
Gr/Rt
n kch thc phi
en/Vng
Sw/Ge
nh la
en/Trng/Xanh Sw/Ws/Gn
l
n bo r
en/Trng
Sw/Ws
Bo r tri
en/Xanh l
Sw/Gn
Bo r phi
Xanh l nht
LGn
m bobine
Nu
Br
Mass
en/
Sw/Rt
n thng
4
Bng 1.2 : K hiu u dy h Chu u

1
m bobine
Dy cao p
15
Dng cng tc my
30
Dng accu
31
Mass
49
Ng vo cc chp
49a
Ng ra cc chp
50
iu khin
53
Gt nc
54
n thng
55
n sng m
56
n u
56a
n pha
56b
n ct
58
n kch thc
61
Bo sc
85, 86
Cun dy relay
87
Tip im relay
1.8.2. Tnh ton chn dy
Cc h hng trong h thng in t ngy nay ch yu bt ngun

t dy dn v a s cc linh kin bn dn c ch to vi bn kh
cao. t cng hin i, s dy dn cng nhiu th xc sut h hng cng
ln. Tuy nhin, trn thc t rt t ngi ch n c im ny, kt qu
5
l trc trc ca nhiu h thng in t xut pht t nhng sai lm trong

u dy. Phn ny nhm gii thiu vi bn c nhng kin thc c bn v
dy dn trn t, gip ngi c gim bt nhng sai st trong sa cha
h thng in t.
Dy dn trong t thng l dy ng c bc cht cch in l
nha PVC. So vi dy in dng trong nh, dy in trong t dn in v
c cch in tt hn. (Rt tic l do ngun cung cp loi dy ny t, nn
nc ta, th in v gio vin dy in t vn s dng dy in nh
u in xe!). Cht cch in bc ngoi dy ng khng nhng c in
tr rt ln (1012W/mm) m cn phi chu c xng du, nht, nc v
nhit cao, nht l i vi cc dy dn chy ngang qua np my (ca h
thng phun xng v nh la). Mt v d c th l dy in trong khoang
ng c ca mt hng xe ni ting vo bc nht th gii ch c kh nng
chu nhit c trong thi gian bo hnh mi trng kh hu nc ta!
mi trng nhit v m cao, tc lo ha nha cch in tng
ng k. Hu qu l lp cch in ca dy dn bt u bong ra gy tnh
trng chp mch trong h thng in.
Thng thng tit din dy dn ph thuc vo cng dng in
chy trong dy. Tuy nhin, iu ny li b nh hng khng t bi nh ch
to v l do kinh t. Dy dn c kch thc cng ln th st p trn
ng dy cng nh, nhng dy cng s nng hn. iu ny ng ngha
vi tng chi ph do phi mua thm ng. V vy m nh sn xut cn phi
c s so o gia hai yu t va nu. bng 1.3 s cho ta thy st p
ca dy dn trn mt s h thng in t v mc cho php.
Bng 1.3 : st p ti a trn dy dn k c mi ni
H thng (12V)
st p (V)
St p ti a (V)
H thng chiu sng
0.1
0.6
H thng cung cp in
0.3
0.6
H thng khi ng
1.5
1.9
H thng nh la
0.4
0.7
Cc h thng khc
0.5
1.0
6
Nhn chung, st p cho php trn ng dy thng nh hn

10% in p nh mc. i vi h thng 24V th cc gi tr trong bng 1.3
phi nhn i.
Tit din dy c tnh bi cng thc :
S=
I.r.l
DU
Trong :
DU - st p cho php trn ng dy (theo bng 1.3)
I
- Cng dng in chy trong dy tnh bng Ampere l t

s gia cng sut ca ph ti in v hiu in th nh
mc.
r - 0.0178W.mm2/m in tr sut ca ng.

l
- Chiu di dy dn.
T cng thc trn, ta c th tnh ton chn tit din dy dn nu

bit cng sut ca ph ti in m dy cn ni v st p cho php trn
dy.
c un tt v bn, dy dn trn xe c bn bi cc si ng
c kch thc nh. Cc c dy in s dng trn t c gii thiu trong
bng 1.4.
Bng 1.4 : Cc c dy in v ni s dng
C dy :
Tit din Dng in lin tc
S si/ng knh (mm2)
(A)
ng dng
9/0.30
0.6
5.75
n kch thc, n
ui
14/0.25
0.7
6.00
Radio, CD, n trn
14/0.3
1.0
8.75
HT nh la
28/0.3
2.0
17.50
n u, xng knh
65/0.3
5.9
45.00
Dy dn cp in chnh
7
120/0.3
8.5
60.00
Dy sc
61/0.90
39.0
700.00
Dy
Bi dy
Dy in trong xe c gp li thnh bi dy. Cc bi dy c
qun nhiu lp bo v, cui cng l lp bng keo. Trn nhiu loi xe, bi
dy c th c t trong ng nha PVC. nhng xe i c, bi dy in
trong xe ch gm vi chc si. Ngy nay, do s pht trin v bo ca h
thng in v in t t, bi dy c th c hn 1000 si.
Khi u dy h thng in t, ngoi quy lut v mu, cn tun
theo cc quy tc sau y :
1. Chiu di dy gia cc im ni cng ngn cng tt.
2. Cc mi ni gia cc u dy cn phi hn.
3. S mi ni cng t cng tt.
4. Dy vng ng c phi c cch nhit.
5. Bo v bng cao su nhng ch bng qua khung xe.
8

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1.7.

K hiu v quy c trong s mch in

PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com

Hnh 1.3. Cc k hiu v quy c trong s mch in

1.8. Dy in v bi dy in trong h thng in t

n pha (chiu xa)

n kch thc v bo r chnh

n kch thc tri

n kch thc phi

Bng 1.2 : K hiu u dy h Chu u

Cc h hng trong h thng in t ngy nay ch yu bt ngun

l trc trc ca nhiu h thng in t xut pht t nhng sai lm trong

H thng chiu sng

Nhn chung, st p cho php trn ng dy thng nh hn

- Cng dng in chy trong dy tnh bng Ampere l t

r - 0.0178W.mm2/m in tr sut ca ng.

T cng thc trn, ta c th tnh ton chn tit din dy dn nu

Radio, CD, n trn

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