THUYET MINH

PHNG AN THIET KE :
HE THONG THONG GIO
HE THONG HUT KHOI &
TAO AP THANG THOAT HIEM
Cong trnh :
CAO OC BMC
a iem:
60/7 ng Huynh Tan Phat
Q. 7 - Tp. Ho Ch Minh
Chu au t :
Chu tr thiet ke:
Ky s Nguyen Van Hoa

( Chng ch hanh nghe thiet ke Cong trnh thong

gio ; ieu hoa khong kh so : 50/PN - S XD Tp.
HCM cap ngay 05/01-2001 )

TP. HO CH MINH 2006

THUYET MINH PHNG AN THIET KE

* HE THONG THONG GIO

* HE THONG HUT KHOI & TAO AP THANG
THOAT HIEM
Cong trnh:

CAO OC BMC
a iem:

60/7 ng Huynh Tan Phat, P. Phu Thuan

Q. 7 Tp. Ho Ch Minh.
I ) C S THIET KE
1 - Thiet ke kien truc:
- Thiet ke kien truc do Cong ty MDC lap 12/2006
2 - Tieu chuan Viet nam:
- TCVN 5687 : 1992 Thong gio ieu tiet khong kh Si am
Tieu chuan thiet ke
- TCVN 6160 : 1996 Phong cha chay nha cao tang Yeu cau
thiet ke.
3 - Tieu chuan nganh:
- TCXD 232 : 1999 He thong thong gio, ieu hoa khong kh
va cap lanh Che tao lap at va nghiem thu.
- TCXD VN 276 : 2003 Cong trnh cong cong Nguyen tac c
ban e thiet ke.
- TCXD VN 293 : 2003 Chong nong cho nha Ch dan thiet
ke.
- TCXD VN 323 : 2004 Nha cao tang Tieu chuan thiet ke.
- TCXD VN 175 : 2005 Mc on toi a cho phep trong cong trnh
cong cong Tieu chuan thiet ke.
4- Cac tai lieu tham khao khac:
- Tran Ngoc Chan Ky thuat thong gio NXB Xay dng Ha
noi 1998.
- 41-1.99 -
( 2.04.05-91) - -
2001 Phng phap tnh toan 41-1.99 Hng dan V/v Bao
ve chong khoi khi hoa hoan Vien thiet ke ky thuat ve
sinh Moxkva 2001.
- BS 5588-5:2004 Fire precautions in the design, construction and use
of buildings. Access and facilities for fire-fighting
FIRE SERVICES INSTALLATIONS IN HONG KONG (Based on F S I
stated in HKFSD-COP-FSI)
II ) PHNG AN THIET KE
A ) HE THONG THONG GIO TANG HAM
CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

1 - Tieu chuan ky thuat:

- So lan trao oi kh cho tang ham ( Nha e xe, thu rac... ) d
kien : 10 lan/ gi;
- Van toc khong kh i trong ng ong 6 8 m/s.
- Van toc hut tai mieng hut u e tao pho hut ln nhng
khong qua ln e tao on kh ong Van toc hut chap
nhan 4 - 6 m/s
- Van toc kh thoat qua cac mieng gio tren cot 0.00 theo
tieu chuan TCVN 5687 : 1992 : Khong ln hn 3 m/s.
- o on cua he thong thong gio khi hoat ong:
+ Trong tang ham: Khong ln hn 75 dbA
+ Ben ngoai tang ham: Khong ln hn 55 dbA.
2 Phng an thiet ke
Thong gio tang ham c to chc theo phung an thong
gio toan phan, xuyen phong khong co cac he thong ng
ong hut kh. Kh sach c lay t nhien vao tang ham qua 02
ca dan xuong tang ham va cac lam gio xung quang cac toa
nha, cao trnh -1.00. Kh thai c hut qua cac mieng hut ti
quat hut phan bo eu tren toan bo dien tch khu vc.
- Kh thai c thai qua cac ong thoat gio xuyen san be
tong bo tr cac khu vc vn hoa thai kh ra kh quyen,
ben ngoai c bao che bi cac lam thoat gio, phu hp vi
thiet ke ngoai that.
- Toan bo cac he thong thong gio cho tang ham nen tiep
tuc hoat ong khi co hoa hoan tai tang ham ( He thong cap
ien au noi vi nguon ien d phong ) e co the hut
khoi phat sinh khi co chay.
3 - Tnh toan
- Lu lng kh can thiet e tao s trao oi kh cho tang ham
tnh theo cong thc:
L = D x R x C x 10
m3/h
[1]
Trong o:
D , R , C chieu dai, rong, cao cua tang ham m
- Tong the tch tang ham: khoang hn 65.000 m3
- Tong lu lng kh hut ra d kien: 660.000 m3/h
Toan bo he thong hut chia nho thanh 66 cum quat e
giam dien tch va the tch choang cho cung nh thuan tien
trong viec s dung. Trong o tang ham cua cao oc so 1 bo tr
16 cum quat va mieng hut, tang ham cua cao oc so 2,3,4 bo
tr 50 cum quat va mieng hut,
- Quat hut dang hng truc co cac ac tnh ky thuat:
+ ng knh guong canh: 600 mm
+ Lu lng: 10.000 m3/h
+ Ap suat:
12 kg/m2 ( 120 Pa )
+ Vong quay: 960 vong/ ph truyen ong trc tiep.
+ Cong suat: 1.1 kw/380v-50Hz
+ So lng: 66 cai
- Tong cong suat tieu thu ien: 72.6 kW
- Cac bang ien ieu khien quat co the bo tr van hanh
tng cai hoac theo cum.
CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

- He thong hut cho tang ham to chc hut khong ng

ong nhanh nen khong can tnh tr lc ng ong
B ) THONG GIO CHO CAC TANG DCH VU, KY THUAT VA
DUNG E
1 - Tieu chuan ky thuat:
Lu lng kh hut cho 01 phong ve sinh: 100 500 m3/h ( Tuy
theo phong ve sinh gia nh hoac cong cong ).
Khu vc dch vu kinh doanh, nha hang, bar, xong hi,
massage... s dung may lanh, trao oi kh sach qua ca so.
Van toc khong kh i trong ng ong 4 - 6 m/s.
Cac khu vc bo tr bep co mieng hut khoi khoi bep ch
san.
Ong thoat khoi va thong gio khong c s dung cung
mot ng ong ( TCXD VN 276 : 2003 ).
Ong khoi va ng ong thong gio phai vt tren mai
nha. Chieu cao nho len khong nho hn 0.7m ( TCXD VN 276 :
2003 ).
o on cua he thong khi hoat ong: Khong ln hn 45 dbA (
TCXD VN 175 : 2005 ).
2 Phng an thiet ke
Thong gio cho cac tang e da vao thong gio t
nhien di tac dung cua sc ay trong lc a kh sach qua
ca so thay the lng khong kh hut ra khu ve sinh va bep.
Quat hut dan dung co van t ong bo tr tren tran phong
ve sinh, hut kh thai qua ong noi mem 100 va 150mm, vao
ong thong gio theo chieu ng c bo tr trong tng. Cac
quat nay co cong suat : 26 45W va lap vi he thong ien
tai khu vc ( Dch vu hoac phong ). Lng kh thai nay thoat
ra ngoai tren tang thng. Ong thai kh tren tang thng phai
hn mat san 1,00 m.
Cac ong dan gio theo chieu ng cung c bo tr rieng
biet cho cac khu bep nha hang va nha ( khong i chung
vi ong thong hi khu ve sinh ). Tai khu vc nha hang co lo
ch e au noi vi thiet b bep. Tai cac bep cho nha
( tr cac can ho kieu C thoat gio ra ngoai tri ) lap san
mieng hut gio co van chong chay ( Trong trng hp s dung
thiet b nha bep co quat hut, ng ong thai khoi au
thang vao mieng hut nay ).
Hanh lang va sanh thang to chc thong gio t nhien
bang ca so.
Rieng tang tret va lng cua cao oc 1 ( 22 tang ) c
thiet ke ca cac can pho biet lap t thong gio xuyen
phong nen khong bo tr cac quat hut cho khu ve sinh va bep.
Thay vao o, ch bo tr cac lam thong gio t khu ve sinh ra
cau thang thong tang.
Khu vc kinh doanh va cac phong quan ly chung c co boi
so trao oi nhiet la 1 lan/gi.
- Cac khu vc dch vu, cac khu cong cong khong ro
chc nang nen khong the tnh thong gio c. Khi
co thiet ke cu the se tnh toan sau.
CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

Quat hut kieu dan dung, s dung nguon ien 220v. ieu
khien cung vi he thong en hoac tai khu vc at quat ( Khu
be nc, steambath )
3 - Tnh toan
- Van toc khong kh i trong ng ong tnh theo cong thc
v = L/ F
m/s
[
2]
Trong o:
L - Lu lng kh i trong ng ong
F - Tiet dien ng ong
Neu moi tang co 02 quat hut khu vc a kh thai vao
ng ong dan kh theo chieu ng trong tng ( gen gio ) kch
thc 300x500mm vi he so lam viec ong thi la 0.7, tong
lu lng hut khu vc ve sinh cho cao oc 25 tang khoang:
L = 100 x 2 x 25 x 0,7 = 3.500 m3/h = 0,97m/s
v = 0,97 / ( 0,3 x 0,5 ) = 6 m/s
Van toc nay nam trong gii han cho phep.
- So lng quat hut cho khu ve sinh va van ch cho khu vc
bep cho cac can ho
Ten thiet b
Cao oc so 1 ( 22
Cao oc so 2,3,4 ( 25
tang )
tang )
Quat hut gan tran
Van chong chay

C) HE THONG HUT KHOI & TAO AP THANG THOAT HIEM

1- Tieu chuan ky thuat:
Theo TCVN 6160:1996 , nha cao tang phai c bo tr he
thong thong gio, hut khoi hanh lang va buong thang
( 11.1 ). Ap suat trong phong em ngoai thang phai co ap
suat d khong nho hn 2 kg/m2 ( 11.5 ,6 ).
Trong trng hp s dung khoang thang nh la phong em
th ap suat trong khoang thang phai ln hn 2 kg/m2.
Theo cac tai lieu cua Nga, Hong cong, Uc cac thang
thoat hiem co thong vi ngoai tri ( co cac lam thong gio
nh cao oc so 1 22 tang ) th khong can tao ap do khoi,
nhiet phat sinh khi hoa hoan se t thoat ra kh quyen qua cac
lam thong gio ma khong lan ngay len cac tang tren do s
can bang ap suat trong khoang thang. Tuy nhien, theo yeu cau
cua c quan chc nang Chung toi van xem xet thiet ke tao
ap cho cao oc so 1.
2 Phng an thiet ke
Khi co hoa hoan, van hut khoi t ong 1 chieu ( sau ay
goi la van khoi ) tai tang b chay m, khoi c hut thai ra
ngoai tri. C dan c a ra ngoai bang thang thoat hiem
co he thong tao ap chong c s xam nhap cua khoi ( sau
ay goi tat la thang thoat hiem ).
Cac van hut khoi bo tr ngoai hanh lang ngay sat tran co
he thong ieu khien t ong, t m khi co tn hieu bao
chay tai tang. Do khong bo tr c ong hut khoi tap trung
CAO OC BMC
Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong
5
hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

nen tai cao oc so 1 bo tr 04 ong hut gio, nh vay moi tang

se co 04 van hut khoi kch thc 600 x 600mm. Tng t nh
vay, tai cao oc so 2,3,4 moi tang bo tr 02 van hut khoi kch
thc 600 x 800mm.
e tao ap cho thang thoat hiem, neu thoi khong kh vao
khoang thang can co lu lng kh ln tc la nang lng ien
tieu thu ln, v vay e giam lng ien tieu thu can tao lao
phong em trc khi vao thang, tc la ch tao ap cho phong
em tai tang co hoa hoan.
Tai cao oc so 1 ( 22 tang ) khong kh ngoai tri c cap
vao tang em qua quat cap gio at tai moi tang. Khi co tn
hieu bao chay tai tang nao th quat tang o van hanh
va cap gio cho phong em.
Tai cac cao oc 2,3,4 ( 25 tang ) khong kh c cap tap trung
t quat cap at tren tang ky thuat qua ng ong dan kh
bo tr trong tng ti cac van cap gio at tai phong em. Khi
co tn hieu bao chay tai tang bat ky, quat c van hanh
ong thi van cap gio tai tang o t ong m va cap kh
cho phong em.
3 - Tnh toan
a) He thong hut khoi hanh lang
Hut khoi khi hoa hoan la thiet ke can thiet e am bao
s tan con ngi t cac phong trong toa nha giai oan mi
bat au cua am chay. Trong phng an nay Chung toi s
dung phng phap tnh toan trong - Phng phap tnh bao ve
chong khoi khi hoa hoan Vien thiet ke ky thuat ve sinh
Moxkva 2001 Trong o: Nhiet o cua khoi 300 oC, ty trong
cua khoi 0,61 kg/m3. Ban knh hoat ong cua van khoi 15 m,
chieu dai hanh lang khong qua 30m.
- Lu lng hut can thiet e hut khoi tnh theo cong thc
L = 3600 . Gtong / tong
[3
]
Trong o: Gtong - Tong lng khoi hut t hanh lang tang b
chay, kh hut qua ke h cac van, ke h ng
ong..
kg/s
tong
- Ty trong khoi hut ra khoi toa nha
kg/m3
- Lng khoi, kg/s, hut t hanh lang qua van khoi cho nha
c tnh theo cong thc:
Gkh = 0,95 BH1,5
[4]
Trong o: B chieu rong cua ca ln ra hanh lang hoac
sanh ti khoang thang hoac ra ngoai tri, m.
H chieu cao ca, m ; khi H < 2m tnh H = 2m ; kh H >
2,5m tnh H = 2,5m;
- Hao ton ap trong he thong hut khoi tnh theo cong thc
P = 1,2 . Pquat / tong
[5]
CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

Pquat

Ptong

Ptn

[6]
Trong o: Ptong - Hao ton tr lc tren ng ong hut va
thoat, ke ca hao ton tr lc cuc bo qua van va
chi tiet khac
Pa
Ptn - Ap suat t nhien cua khoi tai nh ong thoat
khoi Pa
- He thong hut khoi cho 01 n nguyen cao oc 1 ( 22 tang )
gom 04 quat hut, moi quat hut c au noi vi 21 van khoi
t ong luon ong ( ch m khi co tn hieu bao chay ).
Rieng tang 1 va lng la can ho biet lap nen khong bo tr
van hut khoi. Quat hut dang hng truc co cac ac tnh ky
thuat:
+ ng knh guong canh: 750 mm
+ Lu lng: 15.000 m3/h
+ Ap suat:
80 kg/m2 ( 800 Pa )
+ Vong quay: 1450 vong/ ph truyen ong gian tiep.
+ Cong suat: 7,5 kw/380v -50Hz
+ So lng: 8 cai cho 02 n nguyen
- He thong hut khoi cho cac cao oc 2,3,4 ( 25 tang ) gom 02
quat hut, moi quat hut c au noi vi 25 van khoi t ong
luon ong. Quat hut dang hng truc co cac ac tnh ky
thuat:
+ ng knh guong canh: 1.000 mm
+ Lu lng: 30.000 m3/h
+ Ap suat:
80 kg/m2 ( 800 Pa )
+ Vong quay: 1450 vong/ ph truyen ong gian tiep.
+ Cong suat: 15 kw/380v -50Hz
+ So lng: 6 cai cho 03 cao oc
b) He thong tao ap cho phong em trc thang thoat
hiem
e khoi khong tham nhap vao phong em, van toc
khong kh tai ca m phai at 0,5 1m/s ( Tieu chuan Anh )
hoac 1 m/s ( Tieu chuan Nga )
- Lu lng kh m3/h can thiet e cap vao phong em tnh
theo cong thc
L = L m + L ong
[7]
Trong o:

- Lu lng kh cap can thiet cho phong

m
em tang co hoa hoan tnh tren c s dien
tch ca m
m3/h
L ong - Lu lng kh cap cho cac phong em khac
do van cap kh khong ong kn va cac hao hut
khac tren ng ong m3/h

L ong = 0,827 . A . P0,5 . ( N-1 ) m/s

A Dien tch h
m2
P o chenh ap gia trong va ngoai khoang 20 Pa
N so tang cua toa nha.
CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

- Tong ton that ap suat trong he thong cap gio c tnh

theo cong thc:
P = Pms + Pcb + Ptl + 20
[8]
Trong o:
Pms - Ton that ap suat ma sat
Pa
Pcb - Ton that ap suat cuc bo
Pa
Ptl - Ton that ap suat trong lc Pa

e am bao ap suat d trong thang phai thoa man cong

thc:
P = v2 / 2g
Kg/m2
[4]

P - o d ap
v - Van toc chuyen ong cua dong kh
- Trong lng rieng cua khong kh
g - Gia toc trong trng
va khi o lu lng kh can thiet cap vao khoang thang e
tao ap suat xac nh theo cong thc:
L= 3600 . v . F
m3/h
[5]
Trong o:
L - Lu lng kh
F - Tiet dien ngang cua khoang thang
Trong o:

Tong ton that ap suat trong he thong cap gio c tnh

theo cong thc:
P = Pms + Pcb + Ptl
Kg/m2
[6]
Trong o: - Pms Ton that ap suat ma sat
- Pcb Ton that ap suat cuc bo
- Ptl Ton that ap suat trong lc
Ptl Ton that ap suat do trong lc co gia tr dng ( + ) khi
at quat tren tang thng.
3 He thong tao ap
- Phng an nay ch tnh tao ap cho 2 thang chnh gia moi
toa nha.
e tao chenh ap 2 kg/m2; theo cong thc [ 4 ], van toc
khong kh trung bnh trong khoang thang phai at 5.7 m/s;
- Kch thc lot long khoang thang thoat hiem theo thiet ke
kien truc: 2,6x5,85m va ong dan gio co kch thc
2,6x0,7m. e tao ap cho kch thc khoang thang nh vay,
lng kh can cap vao tng ng: 320.000 m3/h va van toc
gio i trong ng ong cap gio se la 57 m/s. Vi van toc
nay, dong khong kh b chay roi tao ra nghen kh ong
. ( Van toc toi a ch co the chap nhan khoang 10 15
m/s ; Van toc cang ln sc can ma sat va cuc bo cang
ln dan en phai s dung quat cao ap, tieu ton nang
lng ). Do vay ong dan gio ch co the dan mot phan
lng kh can cap vao e tao ap. Phan nay se dung de
cap cho cac khoang thang tang ham, tret, lng, ky thuat.
CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

Cac tang con lai dung khong kh thoi thang vao khoang
thang t tang thng ( cao trnh 57,70m ). Khi o van toc gio
tai mieng thoi khong qua 12 m/s va khong lam anh hng
ti s di chuyen cua con ngi.
-

CAO OC BMC

He thong tao ap bang ng ong:

Tong tr lc cua he thong cap gio theo ng ong ( gom
tr lc ng ong t cao trnh 57.70 ti cao trnh 0.00 mieng
thoi, van chnh... ): 72 kg/m2.
Lu lng gio cap: 80.000 m3/h
Ton that ap suat ma sat trong khoang thang c tnh theo
cong thc [7]:
Pms = R.L.n ( kg/m2)
Trong o: R: Ton that do ma sat tren 1m dai ong ( kg/m2.m)
L: Chieu dai khoang thang.
n : he so hieu chnh do o nham ng ong, n =
1.35.
Pms = 0. 5x57.7x1.35 =38.95 ( kg/m2).
Pcb = .v2./2g ( kg/m2)
Trong o: : He so sc can cuc bo
Theo Shiodikov thong gio va cap nhiet he thong tau ien
ngam, He so sc can cuc bo trong khoang thang theo thc
nghiem la 0,27kg/m2.m.
Pcb = 3.7 kg/m2.
Ton that ap suat trong lc trong khoang thang c tnh theo
cong thc []:
Ptl = H(nt -tn) ( kg/m2)
Trong o: H: Chieu cao khoang thang ( m )
tn, tn : Ty trong rieng cua dong khong kh ngoai tri
va trong nha.
Cho rang chenh lech nhiet o khoang 5 0C, Chenh lech ty
trong vao khoang 0.02kg/m2. Chieu cao khoang thang la 57,7m.
Ptl = 0.02.57.7 =1.15 kg/m2.
Nh vay tong ton that ap suat trong khoang thang la: 43.8
( kg/m2) = 438Pa.
Quat c chon co ap suat cao hn ton that ap suat trong
khoang thang khoang 10%.
Quat hut dang hng truc co cac ac tnh ky thuat:
+ ng knh guong canh: 1.400 mm
+ Lu lng: 80.000 m3/h
+ Ap suat:
80 kg/m2
+ Vong quay: 960 vong/ ph truyen ong gian tiep.
+ Cong suat: 30 kw/380v-50Hz
+ So lng: 1 cai/thang
Mieng thoi ( cap gio ) kch thc 700x1.000mm So lng: 04
cai/thang
e can bang lng gio cap, tai cac mieng thoi bo tr van
ieu tiet.
He thong tao ap bang cach thoi thang vao khoang:
Tong tr lc cua he thong cap gio ( gom tr lc khoang
thang t cao trnh 57.70 ti cao trnh 9.80 ): 55 kg/m2.
Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong
hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

- Lu lng gio cap: 240.000 m3/h

Tong ton that ap suat trong he thong cap gio c tnh
theo cong thc:
P = Pms + Pcb + Ptl
Kg/m2
[6]
Trong o: - Pms Ton that ap suat ma sat
- Pcb Ton that ap suat cuc bo
- Ptl Ton that ap suat trong lc
Ton that ap suat ma sat trong khoang thang c tnh theo
cong thc [7]:
Pms = R.L.n ( kg/m2)
Trong o: R: Ton that do ma sat tren 1m dai ong ( kg/m2.m)
L: Chieu dai khoang thang.
n : he so hieu chnh do o nham ng ong, n =
1.2.
Pms = 0. 45x47.9x1.25 =26.95 ( kg/m2).
Pcb = .v2./2g ( kg/m2)
Trong o: : He so sc can cuc bo
Theo Shiodikov thong gio va cap nhiet he thong tau ien
ngam, He so sc can cuc bo trong khoang thang theo thc
nghiem la 0,27kg/m2.m.
Pcb = 3.7 kg/m2.
Ton that ap suat trong lc trong khoang thang c tnh theo
cong thc []:
Ptl = H(nt -tn) ( kg/m2)
Trong o: H: Chieu cao ng ong m
tn, tn : Ty trong rieng cua dong khong kh ngoai tri
va trong nha.
Cho rang chenh lech nhiet o khoang 5 0C, Chenh lech ty
trong vao khoang 0.02kg/m2. Chieu cao ng ong la 47.9m.
Ptl = 0.02.47.9 =0.96kg/m2.
Nh vay tong ton that ap suat trong khoang thang la: 31.6
( kg/m2) = 316Pa.
Quat c chon co ap suat cao hn ton that ap suat trong
khoang thang khoang 10%.
-

CAO OC BMC

Quat hut dang hng truc co cac ac tnh ky thuat:

+ ng knh guong canh: 1.400 mm
+ Lu lng: 80.000 m3/h
+ Ap suat:
60 kg/m2
+ Vong quay: 960 vong/ ph truyen ong gian tiep.
+ Cong suat: 22 kw/380v-50Hz
+ So lng: 3 cai/thang
Ong tieu am cho quat bo tr phan hut cua quat. Kch
thc 1.400x1.500mm
Mieng thoi ( cap gio ) kch thc 1.400x1.400mm So lng:
03 cai/thang
Cac mieng thoi con lam nhiem vu thong thoang cho khoang
thang, do vay tai cac mieng thoi khong can bo tr van tiet
lu.
e tranh s tham nhap cua bui va con trung, au hut
cua quat co bo tr li chan con trung.
Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong
hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

10

Quat c bo tr tren tang thng, trong khu vc ky thuat

sat khoang thang, gan vi v tr ong dan gio. Dien tch lay
gio ( qua lam hoac ca h khong nho hn 12 m2 ).

Khi co hoa hoan, o on cua he thong tao ap khong b

han che nen khoang at thiet b khong nhat thiet phai
c cach am.

Quat s dung nguon ien s co. Bang ien ieu khien

hoat ong sao/tam giac, khi ong th t tng quat mot
theo tn hieu bao chay va rieng biet cho moi toa nha.

Khi co tn hieu bao chay khu v toa nha nao th he

thong tao ap khu vc o hoat ong.

Tong lng ien tieu thu cho 02 khoang thoat hiem

( 01 toa nha ): 192 kW va cho 06 khoang thang thoat
hiem ( 03 toa nha ): 576 kW.

- Cac ca ra vao khoang thang phai m vao trong. Rieng ca

lau tret m ra ngoai.
-

CAO OC BMC

Khi he thong tao ap khong hoat ong, do chenh

lech ap suat gia cot 0,00 va cot 57,70 ( tang at
quat ). Khong kh lu thong t nhien t di len
tren qua cac ca cap gio va quat, tao thong
thoang cho khoang thang.

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

11

E. LAP AT & VAN HANH

1 Che tao & lap at
- Cac he thong thong gio va tao ap cho khoang thang thoat
hiem phai c che tao, lap at va nghiem thu theo thiet ke
kem theo va tieu chuan: TCXD 232 : 99 He thong thong gio, ieu
hoa khong kh va cap lanh Che tao lap at va nghiem thu.
- Cac quat hut gio cho tang ham c treo theo san tran
tang ham, ket cau cu the theo hng dan cua nha che tao va
c au noi, ieu khien tap trung tai khu vc at quat va ngng
hoat ong khi co hoa hoan.
- Cac quat cap gio tao ap c at tang mai ( cao trnh
57.70 m ) ch nh tren thiet ke ket cau lap at theo hng dan
cua nha che tao quat va au noi, ieu khien theo tn hieu bao
chay cung nh hoat ong cua he thong phat ien s co. Cac
quat nay s dung ong c cong suat cao ( 22 va 30 kW ) nen khi
van hanh phai qua bo khi ong / va khi ong th t tng
quat mot.
- ong c ien, thiet b ien lc va ieu khien phai ap ng
cac oi hoi cua Quy nh lap at thiet b ien .
2- Nghiem thu
- Khi to chc nghiem thu co the tiet hanh cac bc:
+ Cam quan: Cac mieng hut hoac cap gio tao c luong
gio hut hoac cap .
+ o ac: Van toc hut ( thoi ) trung bnh tai cac mieng hut
( cap ) gio co the xac nh c bang phong toc ke. Lu lng kh
cap tnh theo cong thc
L = 3600. vtb. F
m3/h
[5]
Trong o:
vtb - Van toc trung bnh cua khong kh tai mieng
hut ( thoi ) - m/s
F - Tiet dien ngang cua khoang thang m2
- Khi nghiem thu he thong tao ap cho thang thang thoat hiem
co the to chc tao khoi gia bat ky tang nao trong toa nha
va van hanh he thong cha chay, bao gom he thong phat hien
chay va truyen tn hieu bao chay; He thong phat ien
3- Van hanh & Bao dng
- Cac he thong gio co cau tao n gian, de van hanh, che
tao t cac vat lieu chu c anh hng cua moi trng nen
khong oi hoi phai bao dng thng xuyen hoac thay the.
- e gi my quan cho cong trnh can thung xuyen ve sinh
ben ngoai ng ong cung nh cac mieng hut va cap gio.
- Quat cho he thong thong gio va tao ap can phai c bao
hanh nh ky 06 thang/ lan bang cach lau chui canh quat, tra m
cho ong ckhi thao canh quat phai s dung dung cu chuyen
dung.
- e he thong tao ap luon trong trang thai hoat ong tot,
nh ky 06 thang phai van hanh toan bo he thong tao ap cho
cau thang thoat hiem ( may phat d phong, he thong bao chay,
CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

12

he thong ieu khien, quat cap gio.. ) va thc tap di tan ngi
t cao oc ra ngoai

G. KET LUAN
He thong thong gio va He thong cap khong kh nham tao
ap cho cau thang thoat hiem c thiet ke tren c s thiet ke
kien truc nen phu thuoc nhieu vao ket cau, dien tch va khong
gian xay dng thc te. Do vay, Thiet ke con mot so khiem
khuyet sau:
- Do phai chia thanh nhieu he thong nho, cong tac quan ly,
van hanh, bao tr se phc tap hn he thong trung tam.
- Cac ng ong khong c dau trong ket cau xay dng
ma e h nen anh hng ti my quan cong trnh.
- ng ong dan gio cho khoang thang thoat hiem cha u
tiet dien can thiet nen phai cap gio thang vao khoang
thang. Tuy nhien, van toc gio tai cac mieng thoi a c
tnh toan e khong lam anh hng ti s di chuyen cu con
ngi.
Phng an thiet ke ap ng ay u cac yeu cau oi vi
He thong thong gio va He thong tao ap khoang thoat hiem theo
ung cac Tieu chuan Viet nam cung nh cua mot so nc nh
Nga, Anh, Ucvi he so an toan s dung cao. Phng an thiet ke
nay cung a chng minh hieu qua bang thc nghiem tai Cao oc
Phuc thnh 341 cao at Tp. Ho Ch Minh.
Cac he thong thong gio va tao ap s dung thiet b san
xuat trong nc, de s dung, van hanh, giam c gia thanh
cong trnh nhng tang che o hau mai ( bao hanh thay the).
Trong thc te, e co the mau chong di tan ngi ra khoi cao
oc, can thng xuyen co dien tap phong chay nham hng
dan c dan cach thc thoat hiem nhanh nhat trc khi cac he
thong tao ap cau thang mat tac dung.
10/12-2006
CHU TR THIET KE
Ks. NGUYEN VAN HOA

CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

13

Phu luc 1
TNH TOAN HUT KHOI HANH LANG
1. Lng khoi, kg/s, hut t hanh lang qua van khoi Cho nha
c tnh theo cong thc:
Gk = 0,95 BH1,5
(1)
Trong o: B chieu rong cua ca ln ra hanh lang hoac
sanh ti khoang thang hoac ra ngoai tri, m.
H chieu cao ca, m ; khi H < 2m tnh H = 2m ; kh
H > 2,5m tnh H = 2,5m;
2. Hao ton ap lc trong moi van khoi m, Pa, tnh theo cong
thc
P1 = ( 1 + 2 )( V )2/2

(3)

Trong o: 1 - He so tr lc au vao van khoi va ong,

vi co 900 chap nhan bang 2,2 ; vi co 45 0
1,32.
2 he so tr lc tai iem noi van vi ong
khoi
V - van toc trong lng cua khoi qua tiet dien
( F ) cua van, kg/s.m2.
V = Gd / F
Van toc ong cua khoi qua tiet dien van
khuyen ngh chap nhan 7 10 kg/s.m2.
- Ty trong cua khoi, khi nhiet o 3000C bang
0,61 kg/m3.
3. Hao ton ap ma sat va cuc bo, Pa , xac nh theo cong thc
P2 = Ktp Rms Ko l + ( V )2/2

(4)

Trong o:

Ktp he so tnh trong khoi co cac phan t

cng chap nhan bang 1,1 . Neu gia tr hao
ton ap ma sat Rms tnh bang kg/m2 th khi qua
n v Pa, Ktp = 1,1 . 9,81 = 10,8 .
Rms hao ton ap do ma sat kg/m2,
Ko he so cho ong khoi hoac ong gio; bang
be tong 1,7, bang gach 2,1; cho ng ong
gio bang thep 1,0.
l chieu dai ong khoi hoac ong gio, m , tnh ca
chieu dai oan cong, co, chac ba..
V - van toc trong lng cua khoi trong ong gio
hoac ong khoi, kg/s.m2
- Ty trong cua khoi kg/m3 .

4. Lu lng khong kh thoi qua ke h cua van khoi a ong,

kg/s , tren oan th 2 xac nh theo cong thc
CAO OC BMC
Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong 14
hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

Gv1 = 0,112 ( A P )0,5

(5)

Trong o: A dien tch tiet dien lu thong cua van . m2.

P hao ton ap cua khong kh qua ke h canh
van a ong, Pa , chap nhan theo tnh toan
tr lc cua oan th 1 cua he thong, P = P 1
+ P2
5. Lng khoi mieng ong khoi co tnh en khong kh thoi
qua cac ke h cua van a ong t tang hai tr len cua
toa nha, kg/s, xac nh lan au gan ung theo cong thc
Gmo1 = Gk + Gv1 ( N 1 )
Trong o:

(6 )

Gk , Gv1 Lng khoi tnh theo cong thc ( 1 )

hoac ( 2 ) va lng kh qua van khoi ong theo
cong thc ( 5 ).

6. Hao ton ap trong ong khoi, Pa , khi cho qua lng kh mieng
ong khoi Gmo1 , kg/s, xac nh vi van toc ong trung bnh
trong ong khoi theo cong thc
Pmo1 = 10,8 Rms Ko Hn ( N 1 ) + 0,1 ( N 1 ) hd.tb + P1 + P2

khoi

(7)

Trong o: Rms hao ton ap do ma sat, kg/m2 khi ap suat

ong trung bnh hd.tb, Pa ,
Ko he so theo muc 1.5;
Hn - chieu cao tang nha, m
N so tang cua toa nha
hdtb = ( hd1 + hd.mo ) 0,5
hd1 = ( Gk/Fok )2/(2 . 0,61 ) tai oan th1
hd.mo = ( Gmo1/Fok )2/(2 mo ) tai mieng ong hut
mo = Gmo1 [ Gk/0,61 + ( Gmo1 Gk ) / 1,2 ]
Fok tiet dien ong hut khoi
P1 theo cong thc ( 3 ) , Pa ;
P2 hao ton ap oan th 1, Pa
Van toc trong lng cua kh tai mieng ong khoi khuyen ngh
chap nhan khong ln hn 15 kg/s.m2
7. Lng khong kh, kg/s , thoi qua van ong tai tang tren cung
khi ap suat kh tai mieng ong khoi P mo1,Pa, xac nh theo
cong thc
Gv2 = 0,0112 ( A Py1 )0,5

(8)

Trong o: A theo muc a.4. P muc a.6

8. S xam nhap cua khong kh bao ong khoi qua van khoi a
ong va khoi qua van m tang 1, kg/s , xac nh gan
ung lan th 2 theo cong thc
CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

15

Gmo2 = ( Gv1 + Gv2 ) 0,5 ( N 1 ) + Gk

(9)

Trong o: Gv1 , Gv2 - tng ng theo muc a.4. va a.7.

N so tang cua toa nha
Gk - lng khoi, kg/s theo muc a.1.
9. Tr lc cua oan ong kh t ong khoi ti quat P hut, Pa ,
xac nh theo cong thc ( 4 ) vi lu lng Gmo2 .
10. Hao ton ap cua he thong tren ng hut, Pa , trc quat
( ap suat tnh am ) xac nh theo cong thc
Pmo2 = Pmo1 + Phut

( 10 )

Trong o: Pmo1 theo cong th ( 7 ) va Phut theo muc a.3.

11. Khong kh thoi qua ke h cua ong kh, kg/s, xac nh vi
ap Pmo2 va theo bang di
Gth = K ( G1 C1 l1 ) + G2 C2 l2

( 11 )

Trong o: G1, G2 lu lng kh rieng Gr . 103, kg/m3 tren

1m2 be mat ben trong ng ong kh
( bang di )
G1 = Gr ; G2 = Gr
C1 , C2 chu vi oan ong hut theo tiet dien ben
trong, m
l1 , l2 chieu dai oan ong kh, m
K he so cho ng ong vuong, bang 1,1.
Lu lng khong kh rieng tren 1m2 be mat ben trong ng ong kh Gr .103
kg/s.m2
Cap o

Ap suat tnh am tai v tr noi ong vi quat, Pa

ong

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

kn

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,3

1,5

1,6

1,8

1,9

2,0

thng

1,2

1,9

2,5

3,1

3,6

4,0

4,5

4,8

5,4

5,7

6,0

12. Tong lng kh ti quat, kg/s

Gtong = Gmo2 + Gth

(12 )

13. Hao ton ap tren mang trc quat Phut, Pa, co tnh ti lng
kh thoi qua cac ke h cua ng ong gio xac nh theo
cong thc
Phut = Pmo2 [ 1 + ( Gtong/Gmo1 )2 ] . 0,5

( 13 )

14. Ty trong hon hp khong kh va kh trc quat, kg/m3, tnh

theo cong thc
tong = Gtong/[ Gk/0,61 + ( Gtong Gk )/1 2]
CAO OC BMC

( 14 )

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

16

Con nhiet o hon hp kh

T = ( 353 273 tong )/ tong
15. Khuyen ngh s dung quat co vo vi t the 270 0 va ong
hut ri. Khi xuat hien s tang ap khac vi yeu cau tnh
toan, khuyen ngh at them bo ieu ap phan ong
thoat. Phan ay ong thoat can co co tch tu sng ong va
hi am khi ma. Khong lap non che pha tren ong thoat.
16. Hao ton ap phan ong thoat P thoat tnh theo muc 1.5 va
cong vi hao ton tren ng hut, Pa. e xac nh tong hao
ton ap tren mang
Ptong = Phut + Pthoat

( 15 )

17. Xac nh ap suat t nhien cua kh vi tong chieu cao ong

khoi Hok va ong thoat Hthoat, Pa
Ptn = Hok[ n ( tong + k )4,95] + Hthoat( n tong 9,81)

( 16 )

Trong o: k - Ty trong khoi kh hut ra khoi hanh lang

lay bang 0,61 kg/m3
tong - Ty trong khoi hut khoi toa nha, kg/m3
n - Trong lng rieng cua khong kh ngoai tri
vao mua nong, N/m3, tnh theo cong thc
n = 3463/( 273 + tn )
tn nhiet o khong kh ngoai tri
18. Hao ton ap trong he thong hut khoi co tnh en ap suat
t nhien cua kh, Pa, xac nh theo cong thc
Pquat = Ptong + Ptn

( 17 )

Trong o: Ptong - theo muc a.16. ; Ptn - theo muc a.17.

19. Quat dung e hut kh chon theo hao ton ap P t, Pa, c a
ve ty trong kh tieu chuan va tong lu lng khoi L q, m3/h ,
thai t quat. Pt va Lq xac nh theo cong thc
Pt = 1,2 Pquat/ tong
( 18 )
Lq = 3600Gtong/ tong

( 19 )

Theo ket qua tnh toan cuoi cung se lam ro yeu cau
ap suat quat e hut khoi xuat hien kh hoa hoan
tang tren cung khong tnh ti ap suat t nhien.
Tnh toan bao ve chong khoi cho hanh lang nha 22 tang
So lieu cho trc:
Nhiet o khong kh ngoai tri mua nong tai Tp. Ho Ch Minh: 34 0C .
Ca ra khoang thang co chieu rong 1.2 m cao 2,2 m. Chieu cao moi
tang 3,3 m, ong hut khoi lam bang be tong. Cac so lieu tr lc
CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

17

ng ong va chi tiet lay theo Tran Ngoc Chan Ky thuat thong
gio NXB Xay dng Ha noi 1998.
Tnh toan
1. Xac nh lng khoi theo cong thc ( 1 )
Gk = 0,95 . 1.2 . 2,21,5 = 3,72 kg/s = 13.392 kg/h
2. Chap nhan van khoi kch thc 800 x 600 mm vi tiet dien lu
thong 0,4 m2 va ong hut khoi xuyen tang kch thc 800 x 600 mm
( 0,48 m2 ). Van toc trong lng cua khoi trong van oan au tien
( van m )
V = 3,72/0,4 = 9.3 kg/s.m2
Va trong ong hut khoi
V = 3,72/0,48 = 7.75 kg/s.m2
3.Xac nh hao ton ap tai van khoi tai tang tret theo cong thc ( 3 )
P1 = 2,5 . 9,32/( 2. 0,61 ) = 177 Pa
Trong o: 1 + 1 = 2,5
4.Hao ton ap do ma sat tren oan th 1 cua ong hut khoi bang be
tong khi Ko = 1,7 va van toc ong h k1 = 7.752/(2 . 0,61 ) = 49 Pa tnh theo
cong thc (4)
P2 = 10,8 . 0,12 . 1,7 . 3,3 = 7,3 Pa
Trong o: = 0
5. Xac nh lng khong kh thoi qua ke h cua van khoi ong tai
tang 1 cua toa nha theo cong thc ( 5 ) vi ap suat am
P1 + P2 = 177 + 7,3 = 184,3 Pa
Gv1 = 0,0112 ( 0,4 . 184,3 )0.5 = 0,096 kg/s
6. Lng kh mieng ong khoi xac nhtheo lng khoi va lng kh
thoi bang nhau qua 21 van khoi ong trong cong thc tng oi th 1
theo cong thc ( 6 )
Gmo1 = 3,72 + 0,096 . 21 = 5,74 kg/s
7. Hao ton ap trong ong khoi, Pa vi lng kh thoat mieng ong
Gmo1, kg/s, xac nh vi van toc ong trung bnh trong ong khoi theo
cong thc ( 7 );
Pmo1 = 10,8 . 0,18 . 1,7 . 3,3 . 21 + 0,1. 21 . 88,5 + 177 + 7,3 = 599 Pa
Trong o: Rms = 0,18 kg/m2 khi hd.tb = 88,5 Pa
Ko = 1,7 theo muc a.3.
hd.tb = ( hd1 + hd.mo ) . 0.5 = ( 49 + 98 ) . 0,5 = 88,5 Pa
hd1 = ( 3.72/0,48)2/(2.0,61) = 49 Pa tren oan th 1
hd.mo =( 5,74/0,48)2/(2.mo )=11,962/(2.0,73) = 98 Pa
mieng ong
mo = 5,74/[3,72/0,61 +(5,74-3,72)/1,2] = 0,73 kg/m3
P1 = 177 Pa
P2 = 7,3 Pa
8. Khong kh thoi qua van khoi ong tang 22 khi P mo1 = 599 Pa xac
nh theo cong thc ( 8 )
CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

18

Gv2 = 0,0112 ( 0,4 . 559 )0,5 = 0,17 kg/s

9. Khong kh thoi vao ong khoi qua 21 van ong va khoi qua van m
tang tret ( Gd = 3,72 kg/s ) xac nh theo cong thc ( 9 ) ( lan tng
oi th 2 c lay la ket qua cuoi cung )
Gmo2 = ( 0,096 + 0,17 ) . 0,5 . 21 + 3,72 = 6,5 kg/s
10. e noi ong khoi vi quat, s dung ong gio tiet dien
700x700mm, dai 7m co 02 co. Khi o hao ton ap la
Phut = 10,8 . 0,24 . 7 + 0,5 . 2 . 120 = 138 Pa
Vi van toc ong trong ong kh ( 6,5/0,49 )2/( 2 . 0,73 ) = 120 Pa
va Rms = 0,24 kg/m2; Tr lc cuc bo moi co la 0,5
11. Xac nh hao ton ap phan hut theo cong thc ( 10 )
Pmo2 = 559 + 138 = 697 Pa
12. Xac nh lng khong kh thoi qua ke h phan hut cua mang
khi ap trc quat 697 Pa theo cong thc ( 11 )
Gthoi = 1,1.( 0,0021 . 2,8 . 3,3 . 21 + 0,00065 . 2,8 . 7 ) = 0,676 kg/s
Trong o: 0,0021 theo bang 2 - cho ong be tong
0,00065 theo bang 2 - cho ong thep
13. Tong lng hon hp khong kh va khoi trc quat theo cong thc (
12 )
Gtong = 6,5 + 0,676 = 7,18 kg/s
14. Hao ton ap tren ng hut co tnh en s thoi kh qua ke h
cua ng ong xac nh theo cong thc ( 13 )
Phut = 697 . [ 1 + ( 7,18/5,74)2] . 0,5 = 894 Pa
15. Ty trong kh trc quat tnh theo cong thc ( 14 )
tong = 7,18/[3,72/0,61 + ( 7,18 3,72 )/1,2] = 0,8 kg/m3
Nhiet o kh trc quat theo muc a.14. bang
T = ( 353 273.0,8)/0,8 = 177 0C
16. e hut kh ra ngoai s dung quat ly tam co vo t the 270 0, ong
khuyech tan noi vi ong thai khoi dai 5 m ng knh 800 mm ( tiet
dien 0,5 m2 ). Van toc trong lng kh thoat qua ong V = 7,18/0,5 =
14,35 kg/s.m2 va van toc ong la 14,362/( 2 . 0,8 ) = 129 Pa.
Hao ton ap phan thoat theo cong thc ( 4 ) bang:
Pthoat = 10,8 . 0,2 . 5 + 2,0 . 129 = 269 Pa
17. Tong hao ton ap tren mang theo cong thc ( 15 ) bang:
Ptong = 894 + 269 = 1163 Pa.
18. Ap suat t nhien cua kh tren o cao ong khoi 72,6 m ( 22 tang )
va ong 5m khi trong lng rieng cua khong kh ngoai tri vao mua
nong n = 3463/( 273 + 34 ) = 11,28 N/m3 va ty trong cua kh thai 0,8
kg/m3 xac nh theo cong thc ( 16 )
Ptn = 72,6[11,28 ( 0,8 +0,61 ).4,95 ] + 5(11,28 0,8.9,81 ) = 295 Pa

CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

19

19. Hao ton ap trong he thong co tnh ap t nhien cua kh xac nh

theo cong thc ( 17 )
Pquat = 1163 295 = 868 Pa
20. Ap suat quat theo hao ton tng ng xac nh theo cong thc ( 18
)
Pt = 1,2 . 868/0,8 = 1302 Pa
21. Nang suat quat theo cong thc ( 19 ) bang:
Lq = 3600 . 7.18/0,8 = 32.310 m3/h

CAO OC BMC

Thuyet minh thiet ke He thong thong gio - He thong

hut khoi & tao ap thang thoat hiem

20