TRUONG CAO DANG K Y THUAT
CAO THANG
----000----
KHOA DIEN TU-TIN HOC
DO AN TOT NGHIEP
QUANG BAO
HIEN THI BANG LED MA TRAN
‘THANH PHO HO CHi MINH LOINOIDAY
‘Vi sy phat trién khong ngimg ciia khoa hgc céng nghé, cugc séng con nguiti
ngay cang tré nén tign nghi va hign dai hon. Digu d6 dem Iai cho ching ta nhiéu giai
phap tot hon, da dang hon trong vige xtr ly nhimg van dé tuong chimg nhu rit phite tap
Bip phai trong cue séng. Vige tmg dung céc thanh tyra khoa hoc kj thugt hign dai
trong tit cd ef Hinh vue da va dang rit phé bién trén todn thé gidi, thay thé din nhimg
phurong thite thi eng , lac hu va ngay edng duge cai tién hign dai hon, hoan my hon.
Cng v6i sy phat trién chung 46, nude ta eing dang manh mé tién hanh cong
cude céng nghigp héa va hign dai hoa dat nude dé theo kip su phat trién cia ede nude
trong khu vye va trén thé gidi. Trong 46 linh vye dign tir dang ngay cang déng vai tro
quan tong trong vige phat trién kinh té va dai séng con ngudi. Sy phd bién cia nd
dong gop khong nho t6i su phat trién cia tt e ede nganh sin xudt, gidi tr, ..trong
nhiing nim gin day dae biét trong linh vuc gidi tri, quang co da c6 sy phat trién manh
‘mé véi nbiéu hinh thie, phurong php tiép cn, quang bé va chia sé thong tin hign dai
va toan dign hon,
Voi long dam mé, yéu thich cua minh trong lin vye nay, nhém da quyét dinh_
chon dé ti “Quang Bo Hién Thi Bing Led Ma Trin” lim dé tai t6t nghigp.
‘Trong théi gian ngin thyc hign dé tai cng véi kién thire cin nhiéu han ché, nén
s6t, nhém thye hi
trong tp 6 dn nay khong trinh khoi thi rit mong duge sur déng
g6p § kién cia thay ¢6 va cdc ban sinh vién,
Nhém sinh vién thye hign 48 tai LOI CAM ON
Trong sudt khéa hoc (2006-2009) tai Tring
Cao Bing K§ Thudt Cao Thing, vi sy gap 46
cia qué thay €6 va gido vign huéng din ve moi mat
tir nhiéu phia va nhdt 1a trong thoi gian thye hign dé
tai, nén dé tai da drge hoan thanh ding théi gian qui
inh, Nh6m thye hign xin chan thanh cam on dén
Qué thay c6 trong khoa Bign tir -Tin hoc da ging
day nhimng kién thite chuyén mén lim co sé dé thye
hign tt luan van tt nghiép va da tao diéu kign thudn
Ii cho nhimg nguii thye hign hoan tat khéa hoc.
Dic biét, co NGUYEN TH] HONG ANH- gio
vién hudng din dé tai da nbigt tinh giGp d& va cho
nh6m thye hign nhing lei chi day quy béu, gidp
nhém thye hign dinh hudng t6t trong khi thye hign
Ign vin
‘Tit ca ban bé da gitip d@ va dong vién trong sudt
(qué trinh lam d8 fn tt nghigp.
‘TP.HCM _ Théng 7 nm 2009
Nhém sinh vién thye hign, MYC LUC
| Trang
Phiéu dang ky dd én t6t nghigp,
han xét cia gido vién hudng dan,
Ni xc ido vin pn bien
Lai noi di.
Loi cam om...
PHAN I: NOI DUNG
Chuong 1: Din 3
Ll: Dat wie ae. 5
1.2: NOi dung dé ti. 5
1.3: Myc dich 8 13 6
1.4: Doi tong nghién ei, 6
1.5: Lap ké hogch nghién eitu. 6
Chung 2: Gidi thigu vé bang quang bio. 7
2.1: M6t s6 bang quang béo thong 7
2.2: Gidi thigu vé bang quang béo hién thj led ma tran 8
Chuong 3: Khao sét inh kign, 9
3.1: Vi dieu khién PIC 16F877A eee)
3.2: Linh kign khéc trong mach quang béo. 32
Chuong 4: Cée phuong phép hién thj led ma trin 37
4.1: Phuong phip hién thj bing IC chat. 37
4.2: Phuong phép str dung thanh ghi dich 39
Chuong 5: So dé khOi va chite ning timg khdi 44
5.1: So dd khdi hé thong: 44
5.2: ¥ nghia timg khdi 4g
Chuong 6: Tinh todn . 48
6.1: Ngudn dig Kies nnnnannnnnnnnnnnn 48
6.2: Mach ngudn Reset. 48
6.3: Mach kéo dong. 50
Chuong 7:0 d6 mgch va nguyén IY boat, dt, 52
7.1: So dé nguyén I mach, ae Hea ige
7.2: Neuyén Iy hoat dong 53
thuat va chwong trinh hoat d6ng ....rn sienna
54
8.2: Chuong trinh hoat dong 57
Chuong 9: Ting Két 2
PHAN I: PHU LUC CHUONG 1
DAN NHAP
11 BAT VANE:
‘Théng tin lign Ige 1a van dé durge quan tam trong x hoi. Ngay tr ngay xtra, con
ngudi da biét van dung nhimg gi da c6 sin 48 truyén tin nhur lira, am thanh, cée du
higu...
Negay nay, véi syr phat trién ciia xa hoi thi ngay cing c6 nhieu edch tiép edn voi
nhiing thing tin méi, Ta c6 thé biét durge théng tin qua bao chi, truyén hinh, mang
internet, qua céc pano, ép phich... Thong tin can phai durge truyén di nhanh chong, kip
‘thai va phé bién ring rai trong toan xa hoi. Va viée thu thap thong tin kip théi, chinh
xc 18 yéu t6 hét site quan trong trong su thanh eng cila moi linh vye. Cée thiét bi tu
dng duye diéu khién tir xa qua mQt thiét bj chit hode duge diéu khién tr tigp qua he
théng may tinh.
Vige sit dung vi digu khién dé didu khién hién thi c6 rit nhiéu wu diém ma cdc
phuong phip truyén thing nhw pand, Sp phich khéng e6 duge nhu vige diéu chink
th6ng tin mét céch nhanh chéng bing céch thay 4di phn mém. Véi nhiing ly do tén,
nnhém thye hign dé tai dura ra mt céch thire nira phyc vy thong tin Ia ding quang bio.
Noi dung nghién cima cia 48 tai chinh Ta tg0 ra mét bing quang bio img dung trong
vige hién thj truyén théng & cdc noi cng céng nhu céng ty, nha xung, ede nga tw bo
higu.
‘Thé gidi ngay cing phét tién 1 su khign cin phai duge mé ring
hon. Vige img dung mgng truyén théng céng nghiép vao san xuat mang Igi nhiey thudin
li cho xa di loai ngudi, thong tin durge cap nhét nhanh chéng va durge diéu Kh
céch chinh xée.
1.2 NQLDUNG bE TAL
‘Voi khoang thei gian thye hign dé tii 4 tan, nhém da théo ludn va chon ndi
dung cia 48 tai nhur sau:
- Nghién ciru va tim phwong an diéu khién va xir ly dir ligu cho bang led ma
tran hién thi.
= Thi cng bing quang bio hin thj kich thud 848 diém anh.
- Viét chuong trinh tao higu tg va xir ly dit ligu. 13° MYC DICH DE TAL:
‘Trong qué trinh nghién ciru va thyc hign 8 thi nay nhim gitip nguéi hoc:
~ Tang kha nang tr nghién edu ciing nhur tr hoe.
~ Bude dau tiép xe véi thye té
‘an dung nhiing kién thie da 6 ding the
hiéu sdu sic hon trong linh vye nay.
BE thiét ké duge mOt hé thong nhu 43 néu & trén thi ngudi nghién ciru phai
nim vig kién thie chuyén nginh dign ti, im hiéu, nghién ciru qua sich v6, ti ligu
nude ngoai va dang mach thyc té dé thi cong phan cimg.
14 DOI TUQNG NGHIEN CUU:
~ Ce phurong sn diéu Khién va xir IY dit Higu cho bang led ma trio.
~ Tim hiéu vi diéu khién PIC 16F877A.
- Tim hiéu phuong phép lap trinh C.
~ Bang quang bdo led ma tran kich thuée 8x48 diém anh.
15 LAP KE HOACH NGHIEN CUU:
Dé thye hign dé tai nay nhém sinh vién da két hop sir dung nhiéu phuong
phap va phwrong tign hé try gdm cé:
Tham khdo thi ligu: KY thudt xung s6, dign tir cn ban, vi didu khién....
© Quan sat
© Thyenghigm.
© Téng két kinh nghiém.
© Phuong tign: méy vi tinh, Internet, thu vign.
Ké hogch nghién ciru:
* Tuin I ‘hin dé tai va lap dé cuong ting quat.
‘Thu thép ti ligu va lap dé euwong chi tiét,
© Tuan 2,3,4: — Thiét ké thi céng va viét dé én. CHUONG 2
GIOI THIEU VE BANG QUANG BAO
Nely nay, cdc bing quang bdo ngay cing to nén phd bidn va rit da deng ve
ching loai va cong nghé thay thé dan cho cdc hinh thire truyén théng nhu pano, ap
phich,....béi nhiing tign Igi va linh hogt ma né dem lai, Dui day, nhém xin gigi thigu
mot sé kigu_ bang quang bio thutmg duge sir dun
2.1 MOT SO BANG QUANG BAO THONG DUNG:
2.1.1, Mau mt dong chit (16 X 240 diém anh):
Cée thong sé ky thud
© Kich thude hién thj: chiéu cao 122mm, chiéu dai wy ¥ (thudng 1a b6i cia
305mm)
‘© BO phan giai (s6 diém anh): 16 x 40 x (chiéu dai hign thi/305)
© Kétnéi chudn (May tinh, cng COM) tuy chon (RJ45, Ban phim)
© Bang nay c6 thé hién thi mot dong chir cao 122mm (16 diém anh - nhur hinh
trén) hod hai dong chit cao 61mm (8 diém inh) nhumg khong dau Tiéng Vigt
© Kétndi chuin (May tinh, céng COM) wy chon ( RJ45)
2.1.2, Mau hai dong chir (32 X 240 diém anh)
Cée thong s6 ky thudt
© Kich thuée hién thj: chiéu cao 244mm, chiéu dai wy ¥ (thudng Ia b6i cia
305mm)
‘© BO phan gidi (s6 diém anh): 32 x 40 x (chiéu dai hién thi/305)
© Kétndi chuin (May tinh, céng COM) ty chon ( RJ45)
© Bang nay c6 thé hién thj hai dong chit cao 122mm (16 diém anh — nhw inh
trén) hoe mot dong chit cao 244mm (32 diém anh - nhu hinh dusi) © Kétndi chuan (May tinh, céng COM) tuy chon ( R45)
2.2, GIGI THIEU VE BANG QUANG BAO HIEN TH] LED MA TRAN
TRONG BO AN:
2.2.1. Phin cing:
= Kich thuée hién thi: chiéu cao 6cm,chiéu dai 36cm
= DG phan giai (95 diém anh):8 x 48.
~ Hién thi
© Métmau.
© Néi dung hién thi dugc cho chay theo nhigu huéng khéc nhau nhur
cuén tir duéi lén, cudn tir trén xudng, sang trai, sang phai.
2.2.2, Phin mém:
~ Ding ngOn ng C lip trinh cho vi digu khién 16F877A,
= Phin mém dé viét chuong trinh CCS CHUONG 3
KHAO SAT LINH KIEN
3.1. VI DIEU KHIEN 16F877A:
1 SO NO/CHAA VI NIEB KHIEM PIC16F877A 2MOK VABTHONG SOWEA/I NIEM KHIEM PIC16F877A
Naitlaavi lie’ khied thuo’ hoiPIC16Fxxx véitad leah goan 35 leah
coifiodab 14 bit. Modileah i thét thi trong mofichu ki xung clock. Toa fio’
hoal fog tof fia cho phep 1ac20 MHz v6: mof chu ki Iénh 1a 200ns. BO nhs
chuong trinh SKx14 bit, b6 mhé di ligu 368x8
byte RAM vaio b6 nhé dir ligu EEPROM v6i dung long 256x8 byte. S6 PORT /O
1a 5 vi 33 pin VO.
‘tinh ngoal_vi bao goineab kho& chi
> Timer0: bomen 8 bit volibodbhia tad soa bit.
> Timer: bomen 16 bit voblboéchia ta sodcolheahdt hied chdd naBg fied
68 va xung clock ngoaf vi ngay hi vi fie’ khie& hoat fol étchedioa
sleep.
Timer2: boaiedn 8 bit vobodhhia ta soabospostaler.
Hai bo®Capture/so satlvfie’ cheaioao8g xung.
Cai chuaa giao tie nodtieg SSP (Synchronous Serial Port), SPI vad2C.
> Chuaf giao ties noatiep USART vOu9 bit ita chee
> Cofig giao tie song song PSP (Parallel Stave Port) voilcab chaé fied
khiea RD, WR,
CS 6tbe6 ngoats
Cai fiaé tinh Analog:
8 keh chuyea fo&ADC 10 bit.
Hai bodo sah.
Be cafth follaanofivabfiaé tinh khad cua vi fied khiea nhé:
Bodthéiflash vékhathadg ghi xo’ F866 100.000 laa.
Bo&h6lEEPROM véikhathaég ghi xo8 Ab6E 1.000.000 laa.
> Dédied boéhdLEEPROM coithedéu trédreé 40 naéh
vv
7
vvvvyvy
7 > Khainafg téinap chdéng trinh voi ie@ khied cua pha meén. Nap
chééng trinh ngay trea math fie’ ICSP (In Circuit Serial Programming)
thodg qua 2 chaa. Watchdog Timer véiiboatiao fog trong,
> Ch6d nag bad makmagchdéng trinh.
> CheéioiBleep.
> Colthednoat fog vduinhied dang Oscillator khad nau.
3. SO NOMHOAVI NIEM KHIEM PIC16F877A
Sa 4TO/CHOO BOAIHOU
Caf trud bo&nhdicua vi fie’ khie PIC16F877A bao gon bonhdichééng tinh
(Program memory) vacboénhdidédied (Data Memory).
5 BOAIHOWLHOONG TRINH
Boénhdichd6ng trinh cua vi fie’ khied PIC16F877A ladboénhdiflash, dung 166g
boa
nhOiBK word (1 word = 14 bit) vaaid6t phaa thaah nhiea trang (tqpaged fed
page 3)
Nd vait bodnh6ichdéng trinh cotkhathadg chda fddt 8 1024 = 8192 lefih (vi
‘mofileéih sau khi magnoa seéboidung l60hg 1 word (14 bit).
Neémaghoa i666 fita chazua 8K word boénhdichdéng trinh, boaietn chééng
tinh coidung Iohg 13 bit (PC<12:0>).
1. Khi vi fie’ khied 7866 reset,
bodfieén chééng trinh seéchagied ‘a cha®9000h (Reset vector). Khi coinga6xaif ra,
bodfietn chdGng trinh sethatied fda chaB004h (Interrupt vector).
Bodihdich3éng trinh khodg bao goa:
Boanhéistack vackhodg fddé fa chethoa bodbodieé chééng trinh. Bod
nhdistack seGi60t fe’eaf culthearong phaa sau.
6 BOAIHOWOGIER
Bodnhoid6diedi cua PIC lachoznhdiEEPROM 56% chia ra lam nhied
bank. NoavoilPIC16F877A botnhdidédie’ 1666 chia ra lam 4 bank. Mofibank coi
dung l60hg 128 byte, bao goén cad thanh ghi coichbt nadg ‘ia’ bielSFG (Special
Function Register) nain 6(cai vung ta chathaf vaaead thanh ghi mut
GPR (General Purpose Register) nain 60vuog fa cheeson lal trong bank. Cad
thanh ghi SFR thdGag xuyed fid6b sBddung (vi duinhé thanh ghi STATUS) se6
‘166t flaB6Aaticamad bank cud bodihoidSdied giup thuad tied trong qualirinh truy
chung xuafivadam giain bétile&h cua chééng trinh. $6 fozcuiitheécua boznhéidédied
PICI6F877A nhé sau: Bs, Fas, Eas Ene,
acatees dation Adetinn adstinn
Tnarecoaa] con [ec aa) gon [Rarer oa] Feast aaae] s20n
TAG —]om [SPMRES| sm [Tun ‘SPTION_RED] ‘atm
Pet] oan Pct | an Pot eer] tam
Sars—|om = [“staros—] em [taro SATUS] tain
Fee —| oon esa —| ean FSR FSR —| ren
FoRTA—| sn Task] fen jasn
FORTE] oon “raise —| sen | FORTE TRB | 18m
Forte —| om “raise —| em iam sam
a 000 ‘2m
oare®—| oom | “raise son toa 350
can [Cream | ean [Peta] in [Petar] team
TCO] Cen [TNTCON] sen [TiNTCON] toen [arco] toon
ein —] oon PEt —| ten mata | tocn | TEECORT—] tec
‘ea —] oom Pez | fon toon [“eecona—] taon
“rare —] cen Peon | sen | eeparr | 10en | esanea] soem
“Tues —| orn i eo RO
Teor —] ton oon non tom
THRE] tin [“SsecoRaT] Sim un faim
acon] 125 Pea] oan wan san
Sereur—| isn [sepa | bn an yen
Sepcon| ian | “ssrstar—| san na son
‘ceraT—| 13h on wisn joan
Seer] ¥en con hen toon
om sm | genet |irm | geoocs | Som
RCSTA—| tan Ta] om | Rese Jim | Reet | toon
Txrea—| ton [“seanc—| sm | i88yee | ten | teres | tom
REAEG | 14h oan tan yan
cpa —| 10h sen ven ‘oon
German] ion | ceicon | sen cn oc,
TEEICON| ton [TENREON| son ton 4905
‘ADRES | ten | ADRESL—| ven ven sen
‘abeons—| vn | ancont_| on vm toe
an al 20 tan
Senet epee evar
oy = = Rae
Benen eoeres co eyes 2080
26 bres 5 : tem
teams |? arses | HR [ecg] 1m
toch
ea? Cee Gao oe
TB Lermpiementes dasa memery ocatons, reas aso
‘Nota pysiea reste
Note 4: These regsters are net mplerented onthe PICTEFA7EA,
2 These fegsiers ave feserved mantan ese registers eat
Hinh 2.4 Sq a8 b6 nbd do ligu PICL6PR77A,
6.1 THANH GHI CHOU NABG NAE BIER SFR
Nagi lagzaa thanh ghi Ad8t sbiduing b6OCPU hoaé Ade duag feahieslafi vao
ied khied cad khod chdd nag fAG6E tich hop bedi trong vi fied khied. Coithea
ppha@ thanh ghi SFR lam hai loti: thanh ghi SFR lied quan fieé cad chéd nag bea trong (CPU) vacthanh ghi SRF duog feéthiet lagi vaatied khiea cad khoi cho’
nag bea ngoab(vi duinhé ADC, PWM, ..). Pha nag sedieécai fea cai thanh ghi
lied quan feé cab chéd nag be@ trong. Cad thanh ghi duog feahiet la vaste’
khied cad khodchdt nag se6566t nhaé fe khi ta fea fea cad khodchéd nag
flo
Thanh ghi STATUS (03h, 83h, 103h, 183h):thanh ghi ché& keE: quaithor
hei phep toad cud kho8ALU, traitg thabireset vagead bit cho bank cad truy xual
trong bognhétdédiea. Thanh ghi OPTION_REG (81h, 181h): thanh ghi nag cho
hep fot vaaghi, cho phe fied khieé chdd naég pull-up cud cad chad trong
PORTS, xai laf cad tham soéveexung tab fog, caih tab fog cua ngabngoal vi
vatbodfietn Timer0.
Rw RW RW ORY R41 RW RW RW
IRP RPI RPO 70 PD z oc c
7 BIO
Thanh ghi INTCON (OBh, 88h, 10Bh, 18Bh):thanh ghi cho phep ot vaeghi,
chéa cad bit ‘ie Khied vaocad bit céchied Khi timerO bo traa, ngaé ngoal vi
RBO/INT vamgaéinterrput-on-change tal cab chaf cud PORTB.
RW RW RW RW ORATOR
Faro [reos| rocs [ ose | Psa | P82 | Psi | PSO
m7 BHD
Thanh ghi PIE1 (8Ch): ch6a cad bit fied Khie’ chi tieficad ngabcud cad
kkhofichdé nag ngoal vi
RW RW RMD RW RW ROR ROX
Ge [Pete [TwROe [INTE [| RBI [TWROF | INTF | RBlF
wT BIO
‘Thanh ghi PIR1 (Ch) chdd odangatcud cab Khofich8d nag ngoal vi, cab
nga6nay 806 cho phep boiicad bit flied khied chéa trong thanh ghi PIE1. RWO _RWO RW RIO
RWO RWO RO RO
PSP] ADF | ROF | 1X | SSPIF | COPIF | TWRAF | TMRIF
BIT tO
‘Thanh ghi PIE2 (Dh): chéa cad bit fied khied cad ngaé cud cad khoii
hdd nag
CCP2, SSP bus, ngaticué bo’o sah vaogatighi vao bozhoiEEPROM
uo wo uo wo RR
=| ome [=| eee | sce | — | — |ccrae
wit
oT
Thanh ghi PIR2 (ODh): ch6a cad cdegabcud cad khofichdd nafg ngoel vi,
cab ngabnag i66t cho phep boticad bit fie’ khied ch6a trong thanh ghi PIE2.
vo __Rwo.
cra
mt
Rwo U0 RW RW
vo
cer | ecuF | — | —
= cur =
ro
Thanh ghi PCON (8Eh): cho’ cad odchied cho biet trang thaiicad chedfioa
reset cudvi fie’ khiea.
vo
vo vo vo
HO
a7
6.2 THANH GHI MUE NICH CHUNG GPR.
Cad thanh ghi nag coitheéid6t truy xuafitrét tief hoad giad tiep thoag qua
thanh ghi FSG (File Select Register). Naf lacrad thanh ghi ddiea thofig thddag,
ngbdbsbiduhg coithedtup theo mui fich chddng trinh macoithedduag cad thanh
ghi nay fieéch6a cad bieé sod hag sofke& quathoaé cad tham sogphut vui cho
chdéng trinh.
TSTACK
‘Stack khofg natn trong bodihdtchdéng trinh hay bodihdtd6died madaanof&
ie
\vuog nh6ifaé biefikhodg cho phep fot hay ghi. Khi leh CALL Ab6b tht
hay khi mofnga6xaf ra tam chééng trinh boreénhadh, giaitrdcua bodied chédng
trinh PC t8ifodg A66t vi fied Khied cativao trong stack. Khi mofitrong cad leh
RETURN, RETLW hat RETFIE 1666 thot thi, giaitrdPC seadtfodig A66t laf ra flied khied sedthét hied tie chéing trinh theo fiuag qui trinh
BoénhéiBtack trong vi ‘tied khied PIC hol16F87xA coikhatnaég chéa AbSE 8 fide
chawadhoat fiofig theo 06 cheéoay voog. Nghéa lamiaitrdcafvas boaihdiBtack laa
thoid segghi fiedeA giaitrocafivao Stack lai fad tied vaagialtrdcafivae bonhéu
‘Stack lad th6U10 seiphi fleded giallri6 cafivao Stack la thoi.
Ca’ chutyitackho8g colnéchiea nao cho biet trang thal stack, do foita
khodg biesiS6t khi nao stack tran. Bed cahh fodag leah cud vi fie’ khied doag
PIC cuBg khofg colleah POP hay PUSH, cad thao tad voliboznhbistack sehoaa
toaa 666 fie’ khied bOOCPU.
8 CAO CONG XUAK NHAR CUB PIC16F877A
Coag xuainhaf (I/O port)
t06ng tab vélitheépiéibea ngoaa Séit6Gng tad nag rafiia deing vadhoag qua qual
tinh téGng tad Fodch5d nag cua vi fied khied GSE thechiedi moficadh rodang.
Moficodg xuafinhag cua vi fied khieé bao goin nhie& chaa (I/O pin), tug
theo cath boari vaechéd naég cua vi flied Khied macsoa66hg coag xuafinha vao
s0d6hg chaf trong modcodg coithezkhad nhau. Beé cahh folido vi fied Khied
6 tich hop sali bea trong cat
giao
Ingoal vi ned bea cafih choa
nag lacooag xuafinhaf tho théGeg, mofisoéchaa xuafinhaB coa coitheén cad
cchd nag khad fieahedhied siitad Fofig cud cad fiaé tinh ngoal vi ned trea hoaveur
thespidtibeé ngoal Chdd nag cua tbag chaf xuatinhagi trong mofoodg hoa toaa
coitheehdét xad laf vaste’ khieé i66b thodg qua cad thanh ghi SFR lie€ quan
fed chaf xuafinhag Fiod
Vi fiie& khie& PICI6F877A colS cog xual nha, bao goén PORTA,
PORTB, PORTC, PORTD vacPORTE. Cad trud vacch6d nag cu téag codg xuafi
nha sediS6t fezca cuithedrong phaa sau.
8.1 PORTA PORTA (RPA) bao got 6 1/0 pin. Nag laocad chad “hai chiea”
(bidirectional pin), nghéa laccoitheaxuali vamhaf 7866. ChOd naBg VO nag dst
‘fied khie’ bédthanh ghi TRISA (fda chaB®5h). Muoé xat laf cho’ nag cua mo
chaf trong PORTA ladnput, ta “set” bit fied khieé té6ng 6g véuichaé foitrong
thanh ghi TRISA vaong66t lal, muoé xad laf chdt nafg cud mofichaé trong
PORTA lacbutput, ta“ clear” bit fie’ Khied té6ng dg vélichad odrong thanh ghi
TRISA. Thao tad nag hoaa toaa ting téifio&vélicad PORT vasead thanh ghi fie’
khied t6Ong dag TRIS (fio&V6UPORTA lacTRISA, flovolPORTB ladTRISB, fio’
VOUPORTC lacTRISC, fio&voUPORTD lacTRISD vatioéi vol PORTE lacTRISE).
Bei cafth AoiPORTA cos lamgota cua boXADC, boo sah, ngodvaa analog ngod
vao xung clock cud Timer vaongodvae cud bodgiao tiea MSSP (Master
‘Synchronous Serial Port). Alaé tinh nag sediOdé trinh bag cuithedrong phaa sau.
Caéi trud bea trong vaachda nag cuitheéoua tag chad trong PORTA se6
‘7666 trinh bag culthearong Phuilut 1.
Cad thanh ghi SFR lie@ quan “ie PORTA bao goin:
PORTE (Fiéa cha®5h)_: chéa giallrdcad pin trong PORTA.
TRISA (fda cha8Sh) _: fie’ khied xuatinhas.
CMCON (fia. cha8Ch) : thanh ghi fied khied bodbo sain,
CVRCON (fia cha®Dh) : thanh ghi fie’ khiea bodso sah fied ap. ADCON1
(ita cha@Fh) : thanh ghi ‘lied khie@ bozADC.
CChi tietivedcad thanh ghi sedi66t trinh bag cuithearong phuilut 2.
8.2PORTB
PORT (RPB) goin 8 pin 1/0. Thanh ghi file khied xuafinhagi t66ng dag
ladTRISB. Bea cath foimofisoéchaé cua PORTB coa fééé sdiduig trong qual
trinh nab chééng trinh cho vi fled khieé véiicad cheaiognap khad nhau. PORT
oa lied quan fied nga6ngoal vi vacboaTimer0. PORTE coa fdét tich ho cho’
nag fied tréiked lef Ad6t fied khied béiichd6ng trinh, Cadi trud bea trong vaechée nag cuitheécua t8ag chad trong PORTB se6
666 trinh bag cuithearong Phuilué 1.
Cad thanh ghi SFR lied quan fied PORTB bao goin:
PORTE (fia chad6h,106h) _: chéa giairdcad pin trong PORTB,
TRISB (fitn cha86h,186h) : fied khieé xuatinhaf
OPTION_REG (Fa chaB1h,181h) : fie khied ngaéngoal vi vadooeTimerd.
Chi tiefivedead thanh ghi se@i86% trinh bag cuithearong phuilué 2.
8.3 PORTC
PORTC (RPC) goin 8 pin I/O. Thanh ghi fie’ khied xuafinhaf t86ng dag lao
TRISC, Be@ cah folPORTC cos chéa cad cha& ch’ naég cud bozo sadh, bod
Timer, bo2PWM vacad chuad giao tied noditieg I2C, SPI, SSP, USART.
Caéi trud bea trong vaechée naég cuTtheécua tag chad trong PORTC se6
‘A668 trinh bag cuithearong Phuilué 1
Cab thanh ghi fie khied lie quan fie PORTC:
PORTE (ia chai7h)_ : chda giattrdcad pin trong PORTC
TRISG (ita cha87h) : fie’ khied xuafinhap.
Chi tiefveésad thanh ghi sedi66% trinh bag cuithearong phuilué 2.
84PORTD
PORTD (RPD) goin 8 cha 1/O, thanh ghi fie’ khied xuafinhaf t66ng dig
lasTRISD. PORTD coa laccoag xual d6diea cud chuad giao tie”s PSP (Parallel
‘Slave Port). Cadi trud beé trong vaschdd nag cuithezoud tag cha trong PORTD
061606 trinh bag culthearong Phuilut 1.
‘Cab thanh ghi lied quan fieé PORTD bao gon:
Thanh ghi PORTD : cho’ giallrdcad pin trong PORTD.
Thanh ghi TRISD : flied khieé xuafinha.
Thanh ghi TRISE : fie’ khied xuafinha& PORTE vaschuaa giao tie” PSP.
Chi tiefivedcad thanh ghi segi86é trinh bag cuithearong phuilué 2. 8.5 PORTE
PORTE (RPE) goin 3 cha I/O. Thanh ghi flied khieé xuafinhaf t66ng dig lao
TRISE. Cad chaft cua PORTE coingoévao analog. Bedi cath floJPORTE coa laacab
chad filed khied cua chuaa giao tie’ PSP.
Caé trud bea trong vaechéa nag cuitheéoua téag chad trong PORTE se6
1066 trinh bag culthearong Phullut 1.
Cad thanh ghi lieé quan fie PORTE bao goin:
PORTE _ : chdd giailrdcad cha trong PORTE.
TRISE = filed Khied xuafinhagi vaaxad lafi cab thodg soécho chuad giao tiep
PSP.
ADCON : thanh ghi fied khied kho®ADC.
Chi tie€vescad thanh ghi sediG0é trinh bag cuithearong phuilit 2.
9TIMER 0
Hinh 2.5 Sé a4 Khoi cla Timer0.
‘Nai laamofitrong ba boafietn hoaé boéiinh thdbcua vi fie’ khie&
PIC16F877A. Timer0 lacbodietn 8 bit d6t kefinovéliboéhia ta’ s04 (prescaler) 8 bit. Cad trua cud Timer0 cho phep ta 6’ choh xung clock tad fiodig vaceahh tich
Bt cua xung clock. Nga6 Timer0 seGkuafihied khi Timer0 botraa. Bit TMROIE
(INTCON<5>) latbit fied khied cua Timer0. TMROIE=1 cho phep nga’ Timer0
tad fiodg, TMROIF= 0 khodg cho phej nga€Timer0 tad fog.
Muod Timer0 hat fiofig 6ichedioaTimer ta dear bit TOSC (OPTION_REG<5>),
khi foigiaitrdthanh ghi TMRO sedaég theo tag chu ki xung flodg hod{taa sodvan
Timer0 badg % tad sodscllator). Khi giaitrothanh ghi TMRO t6dFh tr60e200h,
nga6Timer0 seicuafihie’. Thanh ghi TMRO cho phep ghi vaacoa Ad0b giup ta aa
fiénh thérieén ngaéTimer0 xuafihiea moficadh linh fofg.
Muoa Timer hoal fofig 60 ched fio counter ta set bit TOSC
(OPTION_REG<5>). Khi iolxung tad fiodg lea bodied ASE laf tBochad
RAA/TOCK1. Bit TOSE (OPTION_REG<4>) cho phe) ld choh cath tad fioag
vag bofifie#n. Cah tai fog sedaaahh lea nea TOSE=0 vaerahh tad fodg sedaa
anh xuoag ned TOSE=1.
Khi thanh ghi TMRO botrao, bit TMROIF (INTCON<2>) sednddt set
1r66d khi boéfien bag fiaa tht hie lal quaitrinh fen. Nga€Timer0 khoag thea
“fabh thd’ vi fied khied toahedtodleep.
Bodchia ta& sod(prescaler) A666 chia seOgi6 Timer vaoWDT
(Watchdog Timer). Nie& folcoinghéa laaed prescaler fG6t stung cho TimerO
thi WOT sedkhodg colfi6t hoardicud prescaler vagO0t lal. Prescaler NOOE Tied
khieé bétithanh ghi OPTION REG. Bit PSA (OPTION REG<3>) xad
t06fig tab fiodg cua prescaler. Cad bit PS2:PS0 (OPTION_REG<2:0>) xad fionh tee
soéchia ta’ soécud prescaler. Xem lai thanh ghi OPTION_REG fie&xad fitnh laf
moficadh chi tief&veécad bit fied khiea tre@. Cad leah tad fodg lea giaitrothanh
ghi TMRO seaxoa cheéfiozhoal fog cud prescaler. Khi foéitédhg tad hoag laa
Timer0, tad fiodg le@ gialtrothanh ghi TMRO se6koa prescaler nhong khofg lam thay fiodAo&tdéhg tad odg cud prescaler. Khi fodtédhng tab fiodg ladDT, leah
CLRWDT sexo’ prescaler, flog th6b prescaler se6ngéng tad vuilhodtri cho
wor.
Cad thanh ghi ‘tied khiea lie quan es Timer0 bao goén:
TMRO (fita cha®1h, 101h) : chéa gialirofeth cua Timer.
INTCON (Fé chas0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 188): cho phep ngaé hoa flog (GIE vao
PEIE).
OPTION_REG (fia cha81h, 181h): fied khied prescaler.
Chi tiefvedead thanh ghi se6}60% trinh bag cuithearong phuilué 2.
10 TIMER 1
Timert lacboeitnh th6o16 bit, gialtrdcua Timert segié6e |éu trong
hai thanh ghi (TMR1H:TMRI1L). Cémgaé.cua Timert lait TMRIIF (PIR1<0>).
Bit ‘fie’ khie& cua Timert sedlaoTMRIIE (PIE). Tééng t8inhé Timer0,
Timer cudg cothal cheéfiodhoal fiodg: cheéfiodFiénh théis(timer) véirxung kich laa
xung clock cua oscillator (taa sofcua timer badg ¥ tad soccud oscillator) vaeched
fodfieén (counter) véizxung kich lacxung pha abh cad soikied cad rien lag todbea
goabthodg qua cha RCO/T1OSOIT1CKI (cahh tad fod laseahh leA). Vie& 16
chon xung tad fog (t86ng 68g volivied Ida choh chedtiodhoat ‘iodg ladimer hay
counter) fi86b fied Khied bODbIt TMRICS (T1CON<1>). Sau fag Laas® fozkho’
cua Timert: Set Flag bt
aes
me L
rcorrosomicki [5x]
mTroswecRat Bs T
seimeancer t ) fb66 set, Timer’ sedaq xung clock téchai chad RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
vaeROO/T1OSOIT1CK| lam xung fieén. Timert setbaé fied feén sau cahh xuoag
fia tied cud xung ngotvaa. Khi foUPORTC setbotqua siitad fog cud hai bit
TRISC<1:0> vadPORTC<2:1> A666 gai gialtrd0. Khi clear bit TIOSCEN Timert
soda xung fen téepscillator hoa’ thai RCO/T1OSOITICKI. Timer cothai
cheéfiodiietn lacfioag bo’ Synchronous) vadbafifioag bog synchronous). Cheéfio&
fiedn G6b quyefifiann bODbit ie@ khie& (TICON«2>). Khi =1 xung fen lagi 160
bei ngoabsedkholg /i866 flog bozho’ VOulxung clock bea trong, Timer sediegs
{Ue quallrinh fet khi vi flied khied fang Oichediodseep vamgaédo Timert tab ra
hi botraa colkhathadg “fia théd" vi fie’ khied. Olthedioéfiet babifioag boa
Timert khofig theafiéée sétidung fealam nguo& xung clock cho kho’ CCP
(Capture/Compare/Pulse width modulation). Khi =0 xung fleén vao Timer $06
A668 fioag bozho’ véirxung clock bea trong. Olthediodnag Timert sedkhodg hoat
Flofig khi vi Fed khied ihang dichedtio’ cep. Cab thanh ghi lief quan ied Timer bao goin:
INTCON (7a chas0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh): cho phep ngab hoall fog (GIE vao
PEIE).
PIRI ("ida cha®'Ch): chéa cbagaéTimert (TMRIIF).
PIE1( fia cha Ch): cho phep ngaéTimert (TMRIIE).
TMRIL (fiéa cha®Eh): choa gialrd8 bit thaf cud bodfietn Timert.
TMAR1H (fda cha®Eh): chéa giaitrd8 bit cao cua boéfie&n Timert.
TICON (fice chad Oh): xa laf ca’ thodg soého Timert.
11.TIMER_2
pe Ture | EMEZ «0
Prescaler
faite seo ose
Postscaler 2
Postcaier | | Tecoma] f
T2cKps1
T2CKPSO
T20UTPS3
T20UTPSO
Note 1: TMR2 register output can be software selected by the
SSP module as a baud clock.
Hinh 2.7 So dé khéi Timer2.
Timer2 lacbodiitnh tho bit vadié6t hoarét bODhai bodchia taé so
prescaler va postscaler. Thanh ghi chéa giaitrofietn cué Timer? lacTMR2. Bit
cho phep) ngaé Timer? tad fiodig ladaT MR2ON (T2CON<2>). Coogaé-cua Timer2
ladbit TMR2IF (PIR1<1>). Xung ngodvaa (taa sodbaig % ta sogoscillator) AGE
‘Ra qua boéchia tai sofprescaler 4 bit (Voilcad texoéchia tad sodacl:1, 1:4 hoa’
1:16 vadi66t fied khied bOOcab bit T2CKPS1:T2CKPSO (T2CON<1:0>)). Timer? con f®8t hoaréibéithanh ghi PR2. Giaitrdfies trong thanh
ghi TMR2 sedaig 80h fied giallrochda trong thanh ghi PR2, sau ioiid6b reset
vee00h. Kh | reset thanh ghi PR2 86 nha gialtromaé hénh FF. gota cua
Timer? fd6é fia qua boébhia tad socpostscaler vélicad mda chia t6al:1 fied 1:16.
Postscaler S66 fie Khied bOi 4 bit T2OUTPS3:T2OUTPSO. Ngodra cud
Postscaler flodg vai troguyeéifn trong vied fied khie& cdagaé
Nooabra ngotra cua Timer? ona AbGb kefino&vOUkho& SSP, do fod
Timer? coa fiodg vai trodad ra xung clock fiodg boétho kholigiao tiep SSP.
Cai thanh ghi lie€ quan fied Timer2 bao goin:
INTCON (fta chaf®Bh, 88h, 10Bh, 188h): cho phep toaa bogcad ngaé (GIE vao
PEIE),
PIRI (Fite cha®Ch): chéa obmgaéTimer2 (TMRIF),
PIEt (fiéa cho8Ch): chéa bit fie’ khied Timer2 (TMR2IE).
TMR2 (fita chad 1h): chéa gialrofieg cud Timer2.
T2CON (Rida cheet2h): xa’ lai cab thodg soécho Timer2. PR2 (rita chess2h):
thanh ghi hodrdicho Timer2.
Chi tiefveésad thanh ghi sedi66t trinh bag cuithearong phuilué 2.
Ta colmofivabnhaa xetiveaTimer0, Timer! vadTimer2 nnd sau:
Timer0 vadTimer2 lacbodhefn 8 bit (giaitrdfieén tofifia ladFFh), trong
hi Timert lacboéfieen 16 bit (gialtrdfien todifia ladFFFFh). Timer0, Timert vao
Timer? fle’ cothal chedtiodhoall flog ladimer vaeounter. Xung clock coita’ soa
bag ¥/ tad soéoua oscillator. X ung tad fiodg le Timer0 dG hoaréibdiiprescaler
vamoitheafi66t thief lad Oinhied cheéioakhad nhau (taé soétad fiodig, cefih tab
fiofig) trong khi cab thofig sogcua xung tad fiodg lea Timert laccodtinh. Timer2
66 hoaréi
tad flog vali 168t codfienh laaafih le@. Timert coiquan he’/éukhoa CCP, trong
hai boéchia taa so¢prescaler vaepostcaler ‘od laf, tuy nhie@ cath khi Timer.
kefinodvéukho& SSP. Mofvabso sath setgiup ta deédang Ida
cho 1666 Timer thich hép cho dag dung.
12ADC
DG (Analog to Digital Converter) ladboachuyed Moatin hied gid@ hai
dahig t66ng tdivaao4PIC16F877A colB ngotvaa analog (RA4:RAO vaeRE2:RE0).
Hied fied theéchuad VREF coithedi6dt 168 choh lad/DD, VSS hay hiedi fied thea
hua O6b xad laf treé hai chad RAZ vadRA3. Ke& quaichuyed foatédin tied
t06ng tdisang tin hied sodaat0 bit sod6ng Sag vadi66t du trong hai thanh ghi
ADRESH:ADRESL. Khi khodig sdduhg bogchuyea fo& ADC, cad thanh ghi nag
coithedié6t sSiduing nhé cad thanh ghi tho@g thé6ag kha. Khi quailrinh chuyed
flo&ihoaa taf ke& qualisedAd6t lou vao hai thanh ghi ADRESH:ADRESL, bit
(ADCON0<2>) 66% x08 vee) vambangaBADIF Médt set.
Qui trinh chuyea fiodtéddéng tBisang sodoao goén cai bd6d sau:
1. Thielag cad thoag soécho boéehuyea fio&ADC:
Choi ngodvao analog, choh fied ap madi (d6B tre€ cad thofg soécua thanh ghi
ADCON1)
CChoith keah chuyeai floBAD (thanh ghi ADCOND).
(Chohh xung clock cho kedih chuyea fio8AD (thanh ghi ADCONO)..
(Cho phep bodehuyed iioBAD hoa “oda (thanh ghi ADCONO)
2. ThieBlag cad obongaticho bosAD
Clear bit ADIF.
Set bit ADIE.
Set bit PEIE.
Set bit GIE.
3. N6i cho t6Ukhi quairinh lagi maa hoan taf
4, Baad quatrinh chuyea oa (set bit ). 5. NI cho t6Ukhi qualrinh chuyed oBhoaa tafbaag cath:
Kieén trabit . Neé =0, quatrinh chuyeé fiodfiathoan taf
Kiein tra cbaga’
6. Not kefquarchuyea foavacoa cdagaé set bit (nea cad tiep tué chuyea fog.
7. Tiéptuc thuc hién céc bude 1 & 2 cho qué trinh chuyén d6i tiép theo
onsocnso
F5d] reaver
evans
reoanes
Tranny =
Ao, a
I]
Note 4: Not mutable on 28 in devicem
Hinh 2.8 S¢ 46 khdi bO chuyén a6i ADC.
(Cad chuiyllaoihai cath lou ke&quaichuyed AoBAD, vied loa chon
cath 16u fi6e fied khied bOUbit ADFM vadid6t minh hoa cuithearong hinh sau: 10-bit Result
ADFM =2 ADFM= 0
-_—_+_ py
1 2407 ° z o7es 0
ooo000 i ono000
Se SS
ADRESH ADRESL ADRESH ADRESL
ene ey
10-bi Resut 10-08 Result
Right ued Let Jstited
Hinh 2.9 Cae cach Iutu két qua chuyén adi AD.
Cad thanh ghi lie€ quan fied boashuyea hoBADC bao goin:
INTCON (fia cha®Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh): cho phej) cad nga6 (cad bit GIE, PEIE).
PIRI (?iéa cha®\Ch): choa cdaga6AD (bit ADIF).
PIE1 (én cha8iCh): ch6a bit ied khie AD (ADIE).
ADRESH (fita cheelEh) vaoADRESL (fita cha‘9Eh): cad thanh ghi chda keé quati
chuyea AoBAD.
ADCONO (fica cha Fh) vaoADCONI (Fide cha®Fh): xad lafi cab thodg soécho boa
chuyea loBAD.
PORTA (7éa chad®Sh) vad? RISA ("ia chaBSh): lie@ quan ied cad ngodvao analog
6(PORTA. PORTE (jida cha®9h) vaeT RISE (ida cha89h): lied quan fied cad ngod
vao analog PORTE.
13 COMPARATOR
Bozo sath bao goin hai boéso so saih tin hie analog vaaidét fia6o0
PORTA. godvao boéso saith lagna cha RAS:RAO, ngocra lachai chal RA4 vao
RAS. Thanh ghi file’ khieé bodiso sath laZCMCON. Cad bit CM2:CMO trong thanh ghi CMCON fioag vai troachoh Ida cad chedfiozhoat fog cho boa
Comparator (hinh 2.10).
C6 che hoat fofig cua bod
Comparator nhé sau:
Tin hied analog 60chaa vine —__
VIN + se6f66t solsabh vou fies ab oes
chuaa 6(chaa VIN- vadin hie& 6thgota
bo’so sah seéthay flo& t66ng dag nhd-
hinh vedKhi fie ap 60chaa VIN+ 160 Vine ween bm
hén fied ap GOchaé VIN+ ngodra sedsa Vint —
mda 1 vaangodt lal. fog '
Déa vao hinh vedta thas oupt F A F Be _
ap Gig tal ngosakhoag phabladéathde Hanh 2.10 Nguyén Ii hoat dong
‘s0 vOil thay fod tal ngodvaa maccaa coil ctla m6t bd so sénh don gidn.
mofikhoadg théagian nhafihinh heéngova thay Aoatraing thail(tofiia lad\Ous). Caa
chulyifieé khoatig théagian hap Gag nag khi sdidiung boo sadh.
‘Céé tinh cuf cai bozo sabh coitheéthay flo&dda vae cad gialtrofaé
vaa cad bit C2INV vaC1INV (CMCON<4:5>), ‘Cat chediodhoat fiodig cud bozcomparator.
Satin
aon Awe I
raat Avery
mt 8 omy
rasa Ate, >
Gelearrerst coment
rao A
moan Ay S>— crow
inh 2.11 Cae ch 49 hoat dong ela b6 comparator.
Cad bit C2OUT vas10UT (CMCON<7:6>) flodg vai trowhi nhaf siithay foitin
hie analog so vouitied ap fia6tr56a. Cad bit nag cad ASG x60/ thich hép babg
chééng trinh fieéghi nha séithay o&cuai tin hieé ngodvao. Céangaé cua bodso
saith ladbit CMIF (thanh ghi PIR1). Céongaé nap pha Ad6t reset vee. Bit ried
khie@ boéo sadh ladbit CMIE (Tranh ghi PIE).
Cat thanh ghi lie’ quan fief boéeo sah bao goin: CMON (fia chaCh) vadCVRCON (Fiéa cha8Dh): xab laf cad thodg soécho bod.
s0 sath.
Thanh ghi INTCON (ita cha®Bh, 88h, 10Bh, 18Bh): chda cad bit cho phej) cad
ngaé
(GIE vaPEIE).
‘Thanh ghi PIR2 (fiéa cha®Dh): chda cdagabcuei bo’o sah (CMIF).
‘Thanh ghi PIE2 (fita cha8Dh): cha bit cho phep boeso sabh (CNIE).
Thanh ghi PORTA (fiéa chec05h) vaoTRISA (fita chee85h): cad thanh ghi flied
khie& PORTA. Chi tiefiveéead thanh ghi se0i606 trinh bag cuithearong phuilué 2.
14 BOAAD NIEN ABSOSANH
Boéso sath nag chadhoall flog khi boZComparator fiééc fiénh dag hoat
fog é¢chedioa 110°. Khi ‘iotcad pin RAG/ANO vacRAt/AN1 (khi CIS = 0) hoa’
pin RAS/AN3 vaRA2/AN2 (khi CIS = 1) sedamgodvae analog cud flied ap caéi so
‘sah fiéa vao ngodVIN- cua 2 boaso sath C1 vaeC2 (xem chi tie dthinh 2.10).
Trong khi Aoified ap fida vao ngodVIN+ sedhdét las téemoli boatab fied a so
sath.
SO Mloakhoficué bodad fief ap so safh AGO trinh bag trong hinh vedsau: omen >od oe
oR
VW
evroe {C b- sao
Ovnee Mc [{—cwrz
ee 16:1 Analog MUX oe
‘comparator —,)
Hinh 2.12 So dé khéi bé tao dign dp so sénh.
Bodlad ‘lied ab so sah nap bao goén mofithang fie’ tra moa
fodg vai trodaacaa phaa aj chia nhotfieé ap VDD thaah nhie& mdb khab nhau
(16 méa). Moa mda coigiaitré fie ap khad nhau tug thuod vao bit fied khied
CVRR (CVRCON<5>). Nea CVRR 6tmné8 logic 1, ‘lief tr60BR sedkhodg cottad
dung nho mofithaah phaa cua cafi phaa ap (BUT daéi mainh vaaiong ities khodg fi
qua filed trOiBR), khi lol m6d fied ap coigiaitrdVDD/24. NgbOt lal khi CVRR 60
mOd logic 0, doag fie setqua iiied trO0BR vad mba fied ap codgiaitrd VDD/32.
Cais méa Tie ap nap A566 Ma qua bo€MUX cho phep ta choh ASE fied ap fda
rapin RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF fiegida vao ngod/IN+ cu€ boébo sabh bag cath
‘ida cad gialrdthich hop vao cad bit CVR3:CVRO.
Boab fie ab so saith nag coithe’xem nho motibodchuyed fio&D/A
fidn giad. Giallrofie’ ap cad so sath dingodvae Analog sedi6ét so sadh voircab
m@d fied ap do bodad ‘ied ap tab ra cho t6tikhi hai jiie& ap nag ‘ial Ade gialtr xafi xatbadg nhau. Khi focke& quaichuyea fioaxem nhé fidéb chéé trong cab bit
CVRS:CVRO.
Cad thanh ghi lie€ quan fied boda ‘lied ap so sath nag bao goen:
Thanh ghi CVRCON (fia cha2Dh): thanh ghi trdé tieg flied khie@ bodso sadh
fied ad.
Thanh ghi CMCON (fiéa cha8Ch): thanh ghi fied Khied boComparator.
Chi tiefvedead thanh ghi sedi86% trinh bag cuitheabiphullut 2.
3.2. CAC LINH KIEN KHAC TRONG MACH QUANG BAO
% IC 74HC573:
‘74HCS573 1a mach chot tin higu t6c d§ cao duge ché tao theo céng nghé
CMOS. IC 741573 sit dung dé gidi ma khi két ndi vi xir ly véi bO nhé ngoai. IC
T4HCS73 gim 8 mach chét la cde Flip-Flop cling vi 8 bd dém ng6 ra 3 trang thi.
IC nay e6 hai chan diéu Khién: chan cho phép nhfp dit ligu (LE) vao IC, chin cdn
lai (OE) quyét dinh vige xudt dit ligu ciia IC, ca hai chan nay lam viée dc lap v6i
hau.
20 199 1 17 16 Is 4 13 12 Chite niing eae chin eiia IC nhw sau:
* VCC, GND: hai chan nay ding dé cap nguén nudi cho IC, VCC néi
véi +5V, GND duge néi mass,
LE: Latch Enable, chan cho phép chét dif ligu. Khi chin nay 6 mite
logic cao thi dit ligu méi duge phép nhap vao IC, khi n6 6 mite logic thép thi da
1igu méi khOng duge phép nh§p vao va dit ligu ci (da duge dura vao trade d6) vin
con 6 ngd ra cita nd.
© /OE: Output Enable, chan cho phép xudt dir ligu. Khi chan nay &
mire logic thép tht dir ligu 6 ngO ra cia Flip-Flop (bén trong IC) duge dua ra
ngoai. Nguoc lai, khi chin may & mite logic cao thi dit ligu khng duge phép dura
ra ngoai va tat ca cd ngo ra déu 6 trang thai téng tré cao.
© D1 D8: Data Inputs, ede ng6 vao ea IC. Dit ligu duge dura vao IC
thong qua cde ng6 nay.
© 01 ~ 08: Ont Puts, cée ng6 ra tong img véi céc ng vio trén. Cu
thé 1a ng6 ra O1 tuong ting véi ngo vao D1, 02 twong img véi D2,... O8 tuong
img véi D8.
So dd khi
‘| ‘Is
LATCH
ENABLE
>
be
ouput
ENABLE
. oO oO Os
Hinh 3.6: So a0 khoi 74HC573 ‘Dac diém cia vi mach:
Y Téc dé truyén tin higu tir ddu vao sang dau ra chi c6 18ns.
Y Pham vi dign 4p hogt dng: 2~5.5V.
¥ Dong dign dau vao thap nhat: 1uA.
Nguyén tic hoat dong ciia IC 74573:
Dya vao bing trang thdi ta nan thdy dit ligu méi chi duge phép truyén qua.
IC khi ca hai chan diéu Khién (LE va OE) & mite logic thich hgp: LE 6 mite logic
cao, OE & mite logic thap. Khi ca hai chan diéu khién 6 trang thai nay thi dir ligu &
ng® vao sé duge dia vio bén trong IC (truyén qua eée Flip-Flop) va dua thing ra
ngoai théng qua céc céng dém ngé ra 3 trang thai,
Khi chan OE 6 mite logic thép (cho phép) ma chan LE ciing & mite logic
thap (cam) thi dit ligu 6 ngo ra cua IC [a dif ligu cdi (vita méi duge truyén qua IC).
Lie nay dit ligu méi 6 ngo vao s® khong duge phép nhap vao IC.
Neguge lai, khi chan OE 6 mite logic cao thi ng6 ra cla IC sé & trang thai
tong tro cao, bat chap trang thai logic clia cdc ng6 vao cdn lai. Mac dit ngé ra 6
trang thai tng tr cao nhung dit ligu ngo vao (néu c6) vain duge phép dura vio
IC Gua dén ngo ra ca cae Flip-Flop 6 bén trong IC). Dit ligu may s& duge phép
truyén dén ng6 ra khi chan OE vé lai mitc logic thap.
Khi ca hai chan diéu khién déu trang thai cm (chin OE 6 mite logic cao,
chan LE & mite logic thip) tht ngO ra s€ & trang thai téng tro cao va ngo vao sé
khéng duge phép nhip dit ligu méivao. Ninr vay, 6 trang thai nay thi IC hodn toan
kh6ng giao tiép voi bat ky linh kign nao khac 6 ca ngé vio va ng ra.
Output Enable | Latch Enable | D | OutputQ
(OE) (LE)
L H H H
L H L L
L L x | @ |" | * [I] "}
Bang 3.13:Trang thai hoat déng74HC573
L:Trang thdi thip Z; Tro khang mite cao
H:Trang thai cao QO: Didéu kign trude
“ LED MA TRAN:
Led ma trén ding dé chi thi, hin thi, lam nguén sang trong cdc mdy in
lazer, ngodi ra con duge sit dung trong céc hé théng théng tin dya vao quang soi.
Led ma tran duge coi la mt trong ngudn quang dign phé bién nhat.
Vé cdu tao led ma tran gbm nhiéu led don ghép lai. Co hai loai: Anode
chung (ct Anode, hang Catode) va Catode chung (c6t Catode, hang Anode), da
dang vé mau sac.
0000000
Hinh 3.17 : Hinh dang thy té » Gb Ga Ge bet Gal Gt Le
» G54 G4 Ge Get Gat Get Le
» G4 G4 Ga Get Get Get Get Le
= G4 G4 Ga Get bet Gat Get Le
~ GG Ga Get Get Get Get Le
» be bet Ga Get bet Get et Le
cu ce 3 ca cs 6 7 co
Hinh 3.18: Céu trac bén trong cita led ma tran 8x8.
Dang lam vige khodng 10mA, va Dign dp lam vige khodng 2,6V.
Diéu quan trong khi sir dung led 1a ludn mic néi tiép voi mt dign tro.
Rp = Yext
ase ign thé nguén
ASEH ign thé ngudng cia led
Ip: Dang dign qua led
Dién dp ngudng cila led 6 cdc tri sb sau :
do 1,6... 2V
cam 22.. 3V
xanh lacdy 2,7... 3,2V
vang 2houw 3,2V
xangda tri 3,0... 5V CHUONG 4
CAC PHUONG PHAP
HIEN THI LED MA TRAN
Led ma trn duge coi la mét trong cde nguén quang dign tir phd bién nat. NO
khéng dit, tiéu thy it cng suat, va dé ding thich hop cho ede mach dign tt.
Led ma trén hién thi bao gbm nhiéu Jed ma tran nho két hop Iai tao thanh mot
‘ma tran gdm m e6t va n hang (led ma trn mxn). Led ma trn 8x8 1a Jed ma tran gm
€6 8 cOt va 8 hang. Led ma trfn nay c6 hai logi: loai thir nhdt Ia cathode chung (c6t
cathode, hang anode), Ioai th hai I anode chung (e@t anode, hing cathode). Sau diy
1B cée phuong php hién thi ma trfn led.
4.1 PHUONG PHAP HIEN THY SU DUNG IC CHOT:
Hién thi led ma tran bing phuong php chét giup cho ngudi lap trinh thay déi
ceéch thite quét va hién thi mt edch link hogt va nhanh chéng.
agaesees
lay asessass) SaNRRRS
Sa aay
Hinh 4.1: Giao tip led ma tran ding phurong phap chét.
4.1.1, CHOT HANG:
Chét hang la phuong phap trong mét khoang thoi gian xc dinh chi c6 mét e6t
duge tich cue, dit ligu duge dura ra 8 hang roi chot Iai, dit ligu duge hién thi trén man hinh ted ma tran. Sau d6 dit ligu ké tiép duge dura ra 8 hang va duge chét lai boi mot
IC chét khée, trong khi d6 dir ligu trude d6 van hign dign tai ng ra cua IC chét. Nhu
vay dir ligu cita hing no dugc dua ra diing dia chi cia hing d6 trong khi cde di ligu
cia cde hing khée vin hign dign trén hing ma khong bi mat di. Vige thye hign chét
hang durge thé hign 6 lw 43 nhur sau:
Dua dir iéu ra 8
-o
‘Do di liéu chua
dD
thc
thj chét hang.
4.1.2 CHOT COT:
Chit cOt 1A phuong phép trong m9t kho‘ing thai gian xée dinh chi e6 mot hang
duge tich eye, dir ligu duge dua ra 8 c6t rdi chot Iai, dit ligu duge hién thj tren man
hinh led ma trfin, Sau 46 dif ligu duge dura ra 8 ct ké tiép va durge chét lai boi mgt IC
chét khde, trong Khi d6 dir ligu truée 46 vin hign dign tai ngd ra cia IC ehdt (dtr lig
vin hign dign tai cde edt). Nhu vay di ligu cia c6t mio duge dura ra diing dia chi cia
Ot d6 trong khi ce dir ligu cita cae cSt khae van hign dign trén eft ma khong bj mat
i, Vige thyc hign chdt c6t duge thé hign 6 Inu 43 nhur sau: Hinh 4.3: Qui trink hién thi chét e6t.
Uu, nhuge
& Uu diem:
‘© MG rong s6 hang, s6 ct cua bang quang bio.
¢ Dit ligu duge truyén di nhanh.
# Chuyén d6i efch quét hang, ct m9t céch linh hogt.
# Nhuge diém:
cia phuong phap hién th led ma tran sir dung IC cht;
Tyo bing ma kh6 khin.
© Kho khiin trong vige lap trinh xudt dit ligu ra,
4.2 PHUONG PHAP HIEN TH] SU DUNG THANH GHI DICH:
4.2.1 QUET HANG:
a) Gidi thigu chung vé phurong phip quét hing.
Quét hang la phuong phép ma trong mot Kho‘ing thi gian xe dinh chi cho mot
hang duge tich eye hién thj trong khi cic hang khdc déu tit, cic hang duge quét (tich
cye) tudn ty & cic khoang thai gian ké tiép nhau duge lip Iai nhiéu Kin véi tbe 46 >
24hinh /1s sé cho ta m6t hin anh lién tye edn hién thi len trén man hinh Jed ma tran. Hinh 4.4: So dé mach thanh ghi.
1b) Qué trinh thye hign quét hang:
Quét hang sir dung thanh ghi djch 1a tong 46i phite tap cho nguéi lép trinh
trong vige dua dir ligu ra cOt. Di ligu lin hugt duge dura vao chin Data, cla than ghi
dich sau dé téc dng xung clock dit ligu duoe dich di.
VD: Dua dit ligu ra 8 e6t durge din ra nhu sau: Cae
‘Dua dir ligu vao
chan Din
Tac déng mot sang
clock
‘Di 8 lan chya ?
Dp
Két thc
Hinh 4.5: Qui trink duea die ligu ra 8 o6t cho led ma trén.
‘Di ligu cia hang thir nhat duge dra ra ct sau 46 tich cye hang thir nhat nue
vy dit ligu cia hang thir nhét duge hign thi trén man hinh led ma trén, tiép tye di ligu
cia hang thir hai durge dira ra e6t sau d6 tich ewe hang thir hai lie nay di ligu eta hang
thir hai durge hién thj trén man hinh led ma trén, cit nh vay cho dén dit ligu cia hang
cudi cling durge dua ra o6t sau dé tich cye hang cudi cing. Cit nhu thé qua trinh trén
duge lap di lap lai > 24lan/Is, dén day ching ta quan sét duge mét hinh anh lign tue
hién thi trén man hinh led ma tran.
Vidy:
Hign thi chir B 1én man hinh led ma tn (hang duge tich eye & mite 1, c6t duge
tich oye & mite 0)
Hang 1
[ODDD0NG
0005059
Sooosoo9
SSSSOSO
288950)
aes Receeece
: 98055), cus
ease
cout
Hinh 4.6: Hién thj chit B trén led ma trén ding phuong phép quét hang. Dit ligu thir nhdt c6 gid tri: 11111111 duge dua ra e6t tich eye hang thir nhét
(digu khign hang thir nit cho ra gid tri 18 1); dit ligu thir hai e6 wi tri: 00001111 dura
ra c6t, tich eye hang thir hai; dir ligu thir 3 c6 gid tri: 01110111 dua ra e6t, tich eye
hang thir 3; dir ligu thir 4 6 gia tri: 01110111 dura ra c6t, tich cue hang thir 4
ir ligu hang thir 5 c6 gid tri: 00001111 dua ra c6t, tich oye hang thir 5; ké tiép Ia di
ligu cia hang thit 6 c6 gi tri: 01110111 duge dura ra ct, tich eye hang thit 6 ; dit ligu
‘cia hang thir 7 c6 gid tri: 01110111 dura ra cét, tich ewe hang thir 7; dit lig thi 8 e6
gid tri: 00001111 dua ra ct, tich cyc hang thir 8, Nhu vay toan bo dit ligu cia chit B
da duge dua ra hign thj tén man hinh led ma tran, Qué trinh trén duge dign ra rit
nhanh > 24lan/ 1s nén chting ta 66 cam giéc né dign ra mot céch déng thai nhi d6 ma
cchting ta quan sat duge trén man hinh Jed ma tr§nl& mot chi B lin tye.
42.2 Quét cpt:
8) Gidi thigu chung vé phuong phap quét c9t.
Phuong phip quét e9t Ia phuong phap ma trong mot khong thoi gian xée dinh
chi cho mOt e6t duge tich cy hién thj trong khi cdc ct khac déu tit, cae et duge quét
(tich eye) tuan ty 6 cdc khoang thoi gian ké tiép nhau duge lap Iai nhiéu lan voi toc 46
> 24 hinh/Is sé cho ta m@t hinh anh lién tye edn hién thj lén trén man hinh led ma tri,
1b) Qué trinh thye hign quét eft.
Dit ligu ca o6t thir nhat duge dua ra hang sau d6 tich eye c6t thir nhat nhu vay
dir ligu cia ot thir nhét duge hign thj trén man hinh led ma tran, tgp tye dir ligu cia
Ot thir hai duge dira ra hang sau dé tich ete ¢6t thir hai lic may dir ligu cba hang thir
hai duge hién thj trén man hinh led ma trén, cif nhu véy cho dén dit ligu cia ot cudi
cling dure dura ra hang sau dé tich cye ct cudi cing. Cir nhu thé qué trinh trén durge
ap di lap Iai > 2418n/1s, dén day ching ta quan sét duge mot hinh anh lién tue hién thi
trén man hinh Jed ma trdn,
Vid:
Hign thj chit B lén man hinh led ma tran (hang duge tich eye & mirel, eBt duge
tich cue & mite 0).
Hang 1
Hang 8
cout
Hinh 4.7: Hién thi chie B trén led ma tréin diing phwong phap quét cbt. Dit ligu thir nhat c6 gia tr: 11111110 duge dua ra hang, tich cye e6t thir nhat
(digu khién ct thir nhat cho ra gid trj 18 0); dit Ligu thir hai c6 gia trj: 10010010 dua ra
hang, tich eye et this hai;
igu thir 3 c6 gid trj:10010010 dura ra hang, tich eye ct
thir 3; dit ligu thir 4 6 gi tr: 10010010 dua ra hang, tich cue eOt thir 4; tiép tue dit
ligu hang thir 5 e6 gid tri: 01101100 dura ra hang, tich eye e6t thir 5; ké tiép 1a dir Ligu
celia e6t thir 6 ¢6 gid tr: 00000000 durge dura ra hang, tich cy ct thi 6 ; dit ligu cba edt
thér 7 6 gid tri: 00000000 dura ra hang, tich eye cOt thir 7; dir liga. thir 8 6 gid tr
(00000000 dura ra hang, tich eye et thir 8. Nhur vay toan b6 dir ligu cia chit B da duoc
dua ra hign thj trén man hinh led ma trén. Qué trinh trén duge dién ra rit nhanh >
2Alin/ 1s nén ching ta c6 cim giée n6 dign ra mét cach dng thai, nh 45 ching ta
quan sit duge trén man hinh led ma tein 18 mt chi B liga tue.
Ut, nhuge diém cita phyong phap hién thi led ma trdn sir dung thanh ghi dich:
Uu diém
‘© Tiét kigm during truyén, higu qua kinh té,
‘+ Tiét kigm chan PORT.
¢ Truyén dit ligu dixa hon.
‘© Mé rng bing ma tran lén m@t ech dé dang
‘© Lép trinh d8 dang trong phuong phép quét c6t.
+ Nhuge diém:
© Tén thoi gian dé thye hign vige truyén dit ligu dén cde cot.
© Chuyén ddi khong linh hoat bing sir dung phuong phap chdt.
‘+ Lip trinh khé khiin hon khi sir dung phuong phap quét hang. CHUONG 5
SO DO KHOI VA CHUC NANG
TUNG KHOI
5.1 SO DO KHOLHE THONG:
KHOIDIEU KHOI CONG KHOI
KHIEN SUAT HIEN THI
]
KHOINGUON
Hinh 5.1: So 48 kh cis hg théng.
52 YNGHIA TUNG KHOL
5.2.1 Khéi diéu khién:
: Dug thidtké boi PIC 16F87TA 06 nhigm vu xt tt eee
dit ligu cia chong, trinh. Diéu khién dit ligu hign ‘thj. Dieu khién xuat nh@p dir ligu.
pidu khién tray xudt dit ligu va xt Iy sau d6 truyén dén cac khéi: cng suit, chét va i ais
ean ae
ae
Hink 5.3: So a6 két ndi mach VDK.
5.22 Khéi cing sudt
‘Nang cng suét dit Ion 48 cung cp cho khdi hién thi,
‘Néu ta diing cdc IC dé thiic cng suat thi ta sé c6 dong ngo ra c6 dinh, khi muén
ding tai céng suat Ién hom thi ta khé c6 thé sira di Igi mach céng suat durge. Va mgt
Hiéu nifa la theo tinh todn, dong dign & méi hang c6 thé len toi vai trim mA , gid tri
ny cao han nhiéu so véi dong ngé cue dai ciia IC .Do dé cin phai thiét k& mach dé
thie cong sudt cho tai.
Con nhiéu cach khde nia dé thic tai nhu ding SCR, Triac, Opto, Relay...Cac
céch nay thudmg due diing cho céc tai c6 cng suat lam & ngoai tre.
Do tai & day Ia bang céng suat khéng Ién lim nén ta chi can ding Transistor
cOng suat trung binh,
| Vé phurong dign céng suit chinh 1a vige ning dong cho dit ligu hang va c6t
nhim dim bao yéu cau vé dong qua led ma tran, vi phan cimg bao gém 6 led ma tran,
‘mi led ma tran 1a m6t khdi bao g6m 64 led don nén ta chi sir dung C1815, dim bao
tinh én dinh va cung cp di dong cho tai.
Nhu
cit méi e6t ta phai dung_mét mach
dong. Hinh 5.4: So dé nguyén ly mach dém dong.
5.2.3 Khéi hién thj:
Cé6 nhigm vy dich chuyén dit ligu ra céc e6t, dém ting dng di Ién dé digu
khién hign thi cfc yéu cdu cia nguéi sir dung.
Khai hién thj lam nhigm vy djch di ligu tis vi diéu khién, chét di ligu, dgm dt
Jigu dit dong va hién thj trén Led ma tran .
eeggeroe
gegeeree
Hinh 5.5: So d@ mach cée IC chét va hién thi,
‘Do nh6m thyc hign dd an quyét dinh chon phuong php hién thj bing IC chdt va
{quét hang nén trong khosing thai gian xc dink m9t c9t chi phai chiu dong cia mot
dim anh, dong ra eye dai tai mot ng6 ra fa 500mA, véi nhiing tinh nang trén nhém thye hign quyét dinh chon IC 74HC573 dé lam thanh ghi dich va dung BIT C1815
dgm dong 6 Ot
5.2.4 Khéinguén:
‘Trong mét mach dign tir thi bO ngudn cé vai trd rit quan trong, né quyét dink
sit hoat dng hay ngung host ding cia mach. Mét b§ ngudn khéng t6t sé lam cho
mach hogt dGng kém én dinh va dé lam hong linh kién. Vi vay b6 ngudn dn dp tot sé
rit can thigt cho céic mach dign tir (mach ding cae IC s6).
Chite nang ciia moi én ap DC 1a bién di dign ap va0 DC chua én dinh thanh
ign ap ra DC én dinh va gid trj dign ép may phai ding véi gid tri khi tinh ton Iy
thuyét, Dign dp nay phai durge duy tri lién tue va kh6ng thay d6i hi dign ap ng6 vao
hog dong tai thay d6i (@ mét gidi han cho phép cia mach). Dé thye hign diéu nay thi
mgt ngudn én dp thudng gém ede phan sau:
CONG SUAT
Hinh 5.6: So 4 khdi cua khdi nguén,
% — Khdi chinh lu va Ige: c6 nhigm vy déi dign ap xoay chiéu thanh dign Ap mot
chidu va loc
—_Khdi cng suat: cung cdp dong chinh cho tai.
© — Khdi ldy mau: ldy mot dign Ap tir ngé ra dua vé so sanh voi Vref dé didu khién én
inh dign dp CHUONG 6
TINH TOAN
6.1 NGUON DIEU KHIEN:
& So dé mgch:
ur ures vege
Sout] ba
fH sac. R
2
i 4g aa ca 2 Re
oun] 100250 “o4] “foward 1K
‘cone
o => =
Hinh 6.1: Sard mach ngudn n ap 5V
“Thiét ké:
Bé an todn IC 7805 cung cp dng cho tii I: 100mA - 1A
ign 4p ngo vao ti thiéu phai cao hon dign ép ngO ra 2V dé mach host dong
t6t. Trong 46 C1, C2 ding dé loc (ngudn DC chia én dinh) 48 én dinh dign Sp ngo
vao, C3 ding dé loc nhigu cao tan, C4 lam cho ap duge phiing hon.
6.2, MACH NGUON RESET:
Mach ding dé thiét Ip lai trang thai ban dau cho hé théng, goi tat 14 reset hé
théng. 1618774 duge reset bing eich gilt chn MCLR & mite thép. MCLR e6 thé duge
tac dng biing tay hodc duge tac dGng khi cép ngudn (reset. may). Dudi day la 2 dang
mgch reset:
So db mach: Hinh 6,2: mach reset tr dng — mach reset bing tay
Giai thich mach: Khi vira cap ngudn, dign dp trén ty 1a OV ngé ra dura dén chan
reset & mite cao, PIC bat diu hogt dong 6 ché d9 nay. Sau d6 tu nap dign do dé chan
reset ciia PIC ludn & mite cao, PIC duge phép hoat dong. Hode khi mach dang hoat
dong ma nhan nat SW lam IC ngung hoat dong (do tu phong dign), PIC chi hoat dong
té Iai Khi nt nhdn SW duge tha ra va ty nap dén mét gid tr) nao dé. dé chan reset cha
PIC khong cdn bi tic ding,
‘Tinh todn: ngudn cung cp cho mach 1a SV nén cdc IC thuge ho CMOS sé hiéu
mite logic cao khi dign ap cae chin ngo vao la 3.5V, mite thap la 1V. Do dé, dé IC
thoat khoi trang thai reset (mite thép) thi dign ap 6 chan reset (din Ap trén Re) pha
Iv
Tacé: Vec=5V ma Vee= Ve+ Va=Ve+1V
> Ve=4V ;( chon VeelV khi IC thodt khoi trang théi Reset )
Gia sit lic chua 66 dign ip cung cép, Vee = OV, Ve = OV.
Khi c6 dign ép Vee -SV, tu duige nap dign v6i phuong trinh nap:
vi
RC: théi hing nap cia ty.
jan tu nap day.
@ 4550-6 ©)
4
=02 ob
5 RC
Chon t=0.13s > RC =0.0812s Chon C= 10uF > R
Vay, ta chon Ro= 8.2KQ
Tinh RI: Nhdn nit SW, tu bit diu xd dign: Veo = SV, (3V>Vreser =
Ta cé: Veeser = (Vee (Ri + Ra) x Ri
Ri = (Vee .Ro = Vaeser .R2)/Vaes
63. MACH DEM DONG:
0K
Hinh 6.3: Mach aém dong
‘Vé phuong dign céng suit chinh 1 vige ning dong cho dit ligu hing va cot
nham dim bao yéu cu vé dong qua led ma tran.
Db an ding quang béo 8x48 ( tire 8 hing, 48 ct), ngudn durong dua vao cbt nén
€6 48 mach kéo dang,
Tinh tofin:
* Tinh R,
Khi QU din bio hoa ta c6: Ty = kx La
ma Ic1= Ibs)
‘Vi mach dém dong duge thiét ké trén c6t va quét theo hang nén khi quét mdi
Ot chi sang mot led.
Dé méi led don ea led ma tein sing binh thudmg trong qué tinh quét led ta
phan eye nhur sau: i = 20mA
Vics = 2V
‘Trong &6:
dong qua led ma trin
View dp dinh mite dit lén mdi led
> = 3x(20/80) = 0.75(mA)
> Re=(Vee~ Vbe -Vled)/Ib=
Tinh RI:
0,8 = 2 0.75 =3 kQ
Khi Transistor C1815 din bao ha thi:
RI =(Vee~ Vee ~ Vled fle
= (5-0.2-2)20
= 1409
Chon: Ry = 220 @, Ry=3,3kO CHUONG 7
SO DO MACH VA NGUYEN LY
HOAT DONG
7.1 SO DO NGUYEN LY 7.2 NGUYEN LY HOAT DONG
Khi khéi dng ngudn quang béo, du tign vi di SB cp nhgt edu hinh
ciia quang béo trong dé o6 font chit, dit ligu phong hinh, det ligu hién thj trang thai
digu khién, trang thai eda phan Iu gid ligu, cdu hin chay chit
Do khéi ding mac dinh la chit chay trade nén sau khi cp nhat edu hinh quang
béo xong, chong trinh sé dra vao céu hinh chay chir ma thie hign.
Néu khéng c6 sy kign no phat sinh thi quang béo s@ chay vong Hip hién thi
v6 tan,
Vide hién thi trén bing led 1a dng. Tite [a trong mot thai diém chi e6 mot
hang duge sing. Nhung khi quét nhanh & tin s6 SOHz tré len thi mt chong coi nhu
18 sing lign tue trén todn bang.
K§ thugt quét led
La cdp tin higu didu khién theo dang xung theo kiéu quét cho cde hang cin
hién thj tn s6 quét nhé nhat cho mdi chu ky can khoang 25Hz (40ms) nhiim bio dam
cho mit thay céc led sang déu khong nhdp nhdy.
Dit ligu phong ei, hinh durge d6 qua cot.
Khi quét hét 48 c6t thi dvge mot hinh.
Khi chay chit chi cn hign thj mét hinh khéc di duge dich i n
c6t (hoge
hang). CHUONG 8
LUU DO GIAI THUAT VA
CHUONG TRINH HOAT DONG
Y¥ TUGNG THIET KE PHAN MEM:
+ Bang quang béo chay text véi font tiéng Vigt va tiéng Anh, chay tir trai sang
phai, tir phai sang trai, chay tir trén xuéng du6i, tir dé len trén,
% Tao font chit va gidi ma.
+ Vi didu khién hu vao ving nhé trong ROM sau 46 vi diéu khién ly di
digu khién hign thi ra man hin led ma trn thong qua mach edng suét va mach hién
thi
8.1. LUUDOGIAI THUAT.
1 Quy trinh hoat dong cia hé thing:
Caan)
Citi ma dt Lew
B
Bib khién hida thira
Led ma trén,
Hinh 8.1 Quy trink hoat déng cita hé thong 2.Luu dé chwong trinh chinh:
Khai bao bien
Kal bao du teu
Goi cée chirong tinh chay chit
Hinh 8.2: Lara dé chwong trinh chinh, 3. Luu dé chwong trinh: chay_chit,
ae
_——
Tong du lieu
q
So lan quet = 0
————
So hang quet= 0
—_——
‘So cot quet = tong du lew
~_——_
Lay du teu
T
Dich da teu dit bt
Xuat du leu ra cit va chat
I
a
a
a
END
—
Hinh 8.5: Luu dé chuong trinh chay_chit. 8.2, CHUONG TRINH HOAT BONG.
‘include <161877a.h>
#FUSES NOWDT, HS, NOPUT, NOPROTECT, NODEBUG, NOBROWNOUT,
NOLVP, NOCPD, NOWRT
Huse delay(clock=12000000)
Mkhai bao mang
int const
4quet{J={0b11111110,0611111101,0611111011,0611110111,0611101111,0b11011
111061011 1111,000111 1111
int const mang0]={0.0.0,0,0,0,0.0,
0,0.0.0,0,0.0.0,
0,0,0.0,128,190,72,72,72,72,136,
0.0,0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,
0,0,0.0,0,156,162,130,186,34,28,
0,0,0,0,0,145,83,85,89,81,145,
0,0,145,81,95,81,81,145,
(0,152,164,132,152,160,36,24,
0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,2,2,94,
0,0,0,0,0,145,83,85,89,81,145,
0,0,0,0.0,0.0,0
b
int const mangl[]={0,0.0.0,0.0.0.0,
0,128,142,82,87,82,82,142,
0,0,0,17,10,251,36,36,36,36,35,
0,0,0,0,206,8 1,65,225,65,81,206,
0,0,0.0,0,40,40,232,40,37,34,
0,0,0,0,0,147,148,144,151,148,99,
0,0,147,180,212,148,148,147,
0,232,136,136,136,136,133,130,
0,0,145,83,85,89,81,145,
0,0,0,0,0,195,36,32,39,36,203,
0,0,0.0,0,0,0.0 int const mang2{1={0,0,0,0,0,0,0.0,
5,10,131,68,68,196,68,67,
0,0.0,0,0,68,76,84,100,68,68,
0,0,0,0,243,20,20,125,20,20,243,
0,0,0,0,0,122,138,139, 138,138,122,
0,0,0,0,0,162,162,156,136,136,136,
0,0,0,0,0,227,20,16,23,20,227,
0,0,0,0,0,137,138,248, 136,138,137,
0,0,0.0,0,0,0,0
hk
int const mang3{]={0.0.0.0,0.0.0.0,
4,2,137,154,170,203,138,138,
0,0.0.0.0,78,81,193,89,81,78,
0,0,0,0,62.9.9.9.9.9.8,
0,0.0.0,0.0.2.00.2.0,
0,0,0.0,0,151,176,211,144,144,151,
(0,0,78,209,81,95,81,81,
0,0,0.0,0,242,66,66,66,66,66,
0,0.0.0.0,0.0.0
k
int const mang4{]=(0,0.0.0,0.0.0.0,
0,0,0.28,162,162,162,162,162,28,
0.0,0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,
0,0,0,0,0,124,16,16,16,16,16,
0,0,0.0.0.0.0.0,
0,0,34,162,190,162,162,162, bk
int const mang5{]=(0,0,0,0,0,0,0.0,
0.0,0.0.0.0.0.0,
0,0.0,0.0,29,36,36,28.4,5,
0,0,0,0,0,81,81,95,81,81,81,
00,0.0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,
0,0,0.0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0.0,147,180,212, 151,148,148 ,
void chot0()
(
output_high(pin_c0);
output_low(pin_c0);
}
void chotl()
{
output_high(pin_cl);
output_low(pin_el);
}
void chor)
(
output_high(pin_c2);
output_low(pin_c2);
}
void chot30)
{ ‘output_high(pin_c3);
output_low(pin_c3);
}
void chots()
{
output_high(pin_c4);
‘output_low(pin_c4);
}
void chot50)
{
‘output_high(pin_cS);
output_low(pin_e5);
}
void main(void)
{
int
set_tris_b(0x00);
set_tris_e(0x00);
set_tris_d(0x00);
output_b(0x00);
coutput_e(0x00);
output_d(0x00);
while(1)
{
for(m=0;m<=20;m++)
{
forli=Oi Nghién ctu vi diéu khién PIC 16F877A
> Nghién citu efch quét led ma tr.
‘Thigt ké va thi cong_mé6 hinh mot bang quang bao.
Nghién citu ngon ngi lp trinh C.
& Cae van dé da thye hign:
> Lap trinh diéu khién vi diéu khién PIC 16F877A bang ng6n ngit C.
> Lép trinh diéu khién led ma trfn theo céch quét hang.
> Két qua thye nghigm va dinh gid mé hinh:
‘Thdi gian nghién citu va thi cong khOng nhiéu nén phin thiét ké vin chua t6i wu
v
fe
vé tinh tham my va higu qua kinh 18 nhung van dam béo mé hinh hoat dng t5t. DG
sfing cla quang bao [a ¢6 thé chap nhjn duge, ndi dung can hién thj va cé kha nang
thay di durge
AO THANG
Hinh 9.8: Bang quang bio 8x48 diém anh.
82. UU VANHUQC DIEM CUA THI CONG MACH:
* Uupiém: > Chit hign thj r6 rang, t6c 46 di chuyén vira phai.
> Mach hoat dng én dinh trong thoi gian dai.
* Nhuge Diém:
> Khi muén thay déi kiéu hién thj cin phai nap Iai chuong trinh tire tic
dong tryc tip trén board.
¢ Cie phuong huéng phit trig a8 tdi:
> Ting kich thuée ciia mach quang béo cho phi hgp vai thyc té sir dung.
> Sir dung nhiéu font chit dé lim phong phi hon bang quang béo.
> Giao tiép voi may tinh .
> Tao bing led ma tr§n bing led out door dé dap (mg nhu cau sir dung.
KET LUAI
8 tai: “QUANG BAO HIEN THI LED MA TRAN”. Bé tai di trinh bay durge
nguyén tic hoat dong co ban ciia mt mach quang bio, gi6i thigu vé edch sit dung
cling nhur so dé chan, so 45 n6i bé cia cde IC s6 dung trong mech.
Nh6m thye hign dé tai xin chan thanh cam on qu thay 6 cing cée ban sinh
vign, da déng gop rit nhiéu ¥ kién, céng site quy bau trong qué trinh nhom thye hign
i nay.
‘je bigt 1a co NGUYEN TH] HONG ANH, da nhigt tinh huéng dan, chi bao
nhiing kinh nghiém, kién thite thie té dé dé tai €uge hoan thanh nhanh chéng.
Tuy nhién, do cdn han ché vé thai gian va trinh d@ nén dé tai khong trdnh khoi
hom rat mong nhgn duge sy dong gop ¥ kién chan tinh cua quy th
va edic ban dé dé tai duge hoan chinh hon, PHAN IL
PHU LUC
GIOI THIEU VE LAP TRINH C CHO PIC 16F877A.
L.Gi6i thigu
Ca mt ng6n ngit kh manh va rit nhiéu ngudi dimg.C la mot ngon nei Lp trinh
4a dung,cip cao c6 nhiing kha ning thye hign nhimg thao téc khé sau nhu hep ngir
(Assembly language).Chinh nh tinh tong qust va link hoat d6 ma C duwge xem Ia ngon
ngit lip trinh chuyén nghigp rit higu qua va tién Igi,lap trinh C cho vxl ching ta chi
‘edn biet s6 long Iénh khong nhigu .
Du tign ban phai lam quen véi
Cac kiéu toan tit 6 C
(Ce kidu dir ligu
‘Cau tric co bin cla mgt churong trinh,
‘Cée cit tric digw khign (chinh ede tp Kenb )
Ciu tric digu kign : if va else
(Cée cf trie Lip
Vong Kip while
Vong lip do w
Vong lip for
Lénh break,
‘Cu trite Iya chon: switch. case
Biét sir dung cdc ham va chwong trinh con
le
ILCo bin C
1. Cée chi thi truse xir ly cia C
Jchi thich
peeeneseeee chy thichtetEEeseenteKese
seasssesensesstesesessnsssssnnaessaess #/
‘Day 1a dng chi thich, Tat ca cde dong bat dau bang hai ddu s6 (//) duge coi Ia cht
duge ede lp trinh vign ding dé gidi thich hay binh phdm bén trong ma nguén cia
churomg
trinh. Trong trudmg hop nay, dng chi thich 1& m6t giai thich ngin gon nhimg gi ma
churong
‘inh ching ta Fam, Con trong déu (/* */) ban ¢6 thé chit thich bao nhiéu dong ty thich
include <16F877A.H>
hoae
include "16F877A.H”
‘trinh bién dich sé goi file thir vign cia 16F877A ra
#include ¥// Khai béo cho ton hoc include :// Khai béo cho churong trinh dich hé tre cho PIC
include +f Khai bio eéng ra,va0
+#define bien_thay the bien
2, Ce toan tir
->Todin tie gin
Ex b=5;
2+b:
a=2+(b=5);
->Cée todin tie s6 hoe (+,-*%/, %)
+
ae
tri
* nhan
J chia
% lay phan dur (trong phép chia)
->Céie todn tie gan phitc hop ( Ia, 96, D2=, <
value += increase; tuong durong véi value
a= 5; twong duong voi a=a- 5;
a /=b; tuong duomg voi a=a/b;
price *= units + 1; tong duong véi price
. &=,
falue + increase;
rice * (units + 1);
Tang va gidm ++ --
=> atl; <=> a=atl;
‘tinh chat tién t6 hoae hau t6 (+a) # (a+)
Ex:
1 Ais3, Bis
=> Clie ton tie quam hé
Bing
Khic
> Lém hon
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