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PHN 6
THIT B TCH DU KH
6.1. GII THIU
Thit k, ch to v chn cc thit b tch hi v lng ni chung, thit b tch
du, kh, nc ni ring l yu cu thit thc cho hu ht cc qu trnh cng ngh sn
xut trong khai thc, x l, vn chuyn du kh v cc sn phm ca chng.
Ch rt him kh thin nhin tng i sch c khai thc t m kh. Dng cc
hydrocarbon c khai thc thng l cc hn hp ca nhiu hydrocarbon cng vi
nc dng lng v c trng thi kh. Thng nhng vn rn v nhng cht c hi
cng c trong dng kh i ln. Dng khai thc c th l khng n nh vi s chuyn
i pha nhanh ca cc thnh phn khi dng c khai thc t va su hng ngn mt
vi p sut v nhit cao i ln mt t. V vy, vic loi b cc vn rn v cc tp
cht v tch nc, du, kh vn chuyn ring bit l rt quan trng. Cc qu trnh
tch kh v lng l tch v n nh cc pha ny thnh nhng sn phm thng mi.
Ni chung, nhng hydrocarbon trung gian (C3+) trng thi lng c gi cao hn nhiu
so vi chng trng thi kh, cho nn ngi ta mong mun tch lng ti a. t
c mc ch ny, ngi ta s dng cc thit b tch khc nhau. Thit b tch c bn
tch lng khi kh v tch lng khi lng l cc bnh tch trng lc v c bnh tch
ly tm.
Phn THIT B TCH DU KH s gii thiu mt s c im k thut sn
xut ca bnh tch; cc loi bnh tch thng c s dng tch lng khi kh v
tch nc khi du, cc c im cu to ca mt s b phn quan trng trong bnh
tch, phng php tnh ton chn bnh tch cng nh xem xt cc nguyn tc kim
sot qu trnh tch.
6.2. C IM K THUT SN XUT
Thit b tch du kh c ch to chuyn nghip ti cc cng ty chuyn trch
theo nhng tiu chun sn xut. Nhng yu cu gim st, kim sot, s bo m an
ton p sut lm vic cao cng nh nhiu tiu chun thit k v ch to khc.
Thit b tch du kh
Thit b tch du kh
hoc:
P.D i
+C
2.S.E 1,2.P
P.D o
+C
2.S.E + 0,8.P
(6.1)
hoc:
P.D i
+C
2.S P
P.D o
+C
2.S + P
(6.2)
vi:
S=
1
x ( bn ko ca thp ch to bnh) hoc
3
S=
1
x ( bn ko ca thp ch to bnh) nu s dng cng thc 6.1
3,5
Thit b tch du kh
S=
2
x (gii hn bn chy nh nht ca thp) cho cng thc 6.2
3
- b dy v bnh
P- p sut thit k
Di- ng knh trong thit b tch
Do- ng knh ngoi thit b tch
S- ng sut ti a cho php
C- nh mc mi mn
E- h s hiu dng ca mi hn ni (Bng 6.1)
H SI
mm
H FPS
in
MPa (g)
mm
mm
MPa
psig
in
in
psi
(6.3)
:
Wv khi lng ca v bnh tch
Wt tng khi lng cc b phn bn trong bnh tch (b hng dng, b chit
sng, mng dn...)
Wph khi lng vi phun.
Khi lng v bnh tch c xc nh:
Wv = KvDiL
(6.4)
Thit b tch du kh
ng knh bnh v chiu cao (tr ng) hoc chiu di (tr ngang) cho
php nhng git nh cht lng lng ng nh trng lc;
Bnh tch tr ng
Thit b tch du kh
Thit b tch du kh
B phn tip nhn dng khuych tn nng lng dng trc khi i vo
phn tch trng lc;
Kch thc bnh tch (D & L) c tnh ton v hiu chnh da trn dng n
nh. Tuy nhin thc t ch ra rng lng ln sng v xung c trong dng vo m
khng c cch no xc nh chnh xc t trc. V vy, chn cng sut bnh tch l
phi da trn s trung ha gia gi thnh ca bnh tch v nhng yu cu ca quy trnh
cng ngh.
Thi V Trang BM. Khoan & Khai thc Du kh
Thit b tch du kh
Vn tc kh
Mc ri ca dng chy
Tch nh lc ly tm
Tch nh va p
Lng ng nh sng m
Tch nh lc
Tch nh dnh kt
Tch nh hp ph, ht bm
Tch nh nhit
Thit b tch du kh
phn lc tch t vi kch c cn thit c th tch nhng git lng kch c khong 1 m
v ln hn.
S phn b cc ht lng trong bnh tch tr ngang bnh thng c th hin trn
hnh 6.3 .
Thit b tch du kh
10
Thit b tch du kh
B va p dng
cnh ti n
B va p dng
cnh ti i
11
Thit b tch du kh
H FPS
0,12 m/s
0,4 ft/sec
12
Thit b tch du kh
0,04
, l cp i vi cht lng nht ln hn 1 cp.
13
Thit b tch du kh
14
Thit b tch du kh
15
Thit b tch du kh
(6.5)
Kh ra: v g = B
0,5
g
(6.6)
(6.7)
:
vi, vg, ve - vn tc vi phun
SI
FPS
m/s
ft/sec
3
m; g - tng ng l khi lng th tch ca kg/m
lbm/ft3
hn hp v ca kh.
Thi V Trang BM. Khoan & Khai thc Du kh
16
Thit b tch du kh
A- hng s
60
50
B- hng s
75
60
C*- hng s
1,0
3,3
Phin lc bi
Bnh ra lc kh ly tm (scrubber)
17
Thit b tch du kh
Bnh ra lc kh nh m du
Cc bnh tch c phin lc dng nh l dng s dng ph bin nht ngy nay.
Bnh lng bng in tnh v bnh ra lc kh nh m du khng c s dng rng
ri trong ngnh cng nghip kh.
Cc bnh tch c phin lc c s dng trong hai ng dng: tch t lng v tch
bi. Vi ng dng u tin, nhng git lng li ti (< 1 m) m khng th tch ra khi
kh trong cc bnh tch c b va p chun c tch t qua on phin lc. Nhng git
ln hn, gi c kch c vi trm m, ra khi phin lc v c tch khi kh nh
lng ng trng lc hoc nh b chit sng. B phin lc c cu to t nhng si thy
tinh c nn. Cc bnh tch c phin lc tch t c th rt hiu qu tch nhng xon
kh nh khi kh.
Cc phin lc bi tng t nh cc bnh tch c phin lc tch t, ngoi tr mc
ch u tin ca phin lc l tch ht. ng chung nht ca phin lc ny l tch ht
dng ra t thit b kh nc c sy kh.
6.4. TNH TON BNH TCH
g
= K s l
g
0,5
(6.8)
Khi s ri ca git lng nh dng chy tng phng trnh trn tr thnh cng
thc ni ting ca Stoks:
gd d2 ( g )
l
v =
d
18 g
:
Thi V Trang BM. Khoan & Khai thc Du kh
18
Thit b tch du kh
vd vn tc ri ca git lng
G
H SI
H FPS
m/s
ft/sec
ft
kg/m3
lbm/ft3
kg/m3
lbm/ft3
g h s nht ng lc ca kh
kg/m.s
lbm/ftsec
m/s
ft/sec
Cao hoc di
m (ft)
Ks
H SI
H FPS
ng
0,055 0,107
0,18 0,35
Ngang
Ks(L/3)0,56
Ks(L/10)0,56
0.56
19
Thit b tch du kh
Vg P T V
s
v =
= s
g
F
P Ts F 86400
D 2
i F
F=
4 g
(6.10)
g
V =
g 3600
(6.9)
(6.11)
g
:
vg
Vg
F
Di
Ps
P
Ts
T
Z
Vs
Gg
H SI H FPS
vn tc i ln ca dng kh
m/s
ft/sec
3
lu lng th tch ca dng kh
m /s
ft3/sec
tit din ngang ca dng kh trong bnh tch, ni m2
ft2
kh i
ng knh trong ca bnh tch
m
ft
p sut chun
kPa
psia
p sut lm vic ca bnh tch
kPa
psia
o
o
K
R
nhit chun
o
o
K
R
nhit lm vic ca bnh tch
h s lch kh P & T
lu lng th tch chun
m3/ng
scf/d
lu lng khi lng ca kh
kg/h lbm/hr
20
Thit b tch du kh
= k.
(6.12)
g
= K s . l
g
0,5
= k.v g = k .
4.G g
. 3600. g . D 2 . Fg
i
Vg
F
(6.13)
D =
i
k .G
g
0,0188 .
F
.
K
g
s
g . g
0,5
(6.14)
0,25
4 . k . Vg
hoc D =
i
. v . Fg
d
(6.15)
Thc t ngi ta thng chn k = 1,2 n 1,5 ph thuc vo bn cht dng vo.
Nhng gi tr cao ca k c th c s dng tch sn phm trong khai thc du
bng Gaslift, khi dng chy trong h thng c nng cao trn cc gin khai thc
ngoi khi.
Thc nghim ch ra rng vi bnh tch tr ng c b phn chit sng vi li
chun Ks thay i t 0,07 n 0,105 m/s. Vi b phn tip nhn dng chun v b
chit sng dng ly tm, Ks c th chn n 0,25 m/s. Gi tr Ks cao thng c ng
dng cho nhng bnh ra lc kh (scrubber).
Vi nhng bnh tch tr ngang c trang b b cnh chnh lu hoc b chit sng
dng li, Ks thay i t 0,127 n 0,15 m/s.
Nh vy, da vo cc phng trnh (6.14) hoc (6.15), ngi ta xc nh c
kch thc bnh tch nu lu lng dng c t trc hoc ngi ta s khng ch
lu lng dng nu bnh tch c chn trc.
21
Thit b tch du kh
(6.16)
Vl
Ql
SI
FPS
m3
bbl
m3/ng
bbl/d
22
Thit b tch du kh
pht
min
Thi gian lu gi pha lng trong cc bnh tch lng-lng ph thuc vo t trng
ca lu cht pha lin tc, nhit ca chnh lu cht.
API khuyn co thi gian lu gi pha lng trong khi tch lng - lng l nh sau:
o < 0,85; t = 3 5 ph
o 0,85 + to > 100oF; t = 5 + 10 ph
o 0,85 + to = 80 100oF; t = 10 20 ph
o 0,85 + to = 60 80oF; t = 20 30 ph
Khi tch Glycol khi cc Hydrocacbon trong bnh tch lnh. Thi gian lu gi
hn hp ti thiu c khuyn co l 30 ph.
6.4.4. Vn tc lng ng trong bnh tch lng - lng
g .d 2
p . ( w o )
18 . o
(6.17)
23
Thit b tch du kh
:
SI
FPS
vs
vn tc lng ng ca ht nc
m/s
Ft/sec
dp
Ft
kg/m3
lbm/ft3
kg/m3
lbm/ft3
h s nht ca du
kg/m.s
lbm/ft.sec
tnh ton thit k bnh tch lng - lng, ngi ta thng chn dp = 150 300
m. nh lut Stocks l c s nh gi vn tc lng ng ca pha lng, nht l khi
pha phn tn lng long (< 5%) so vi pha lin tc v nh lut Stocks gi s rng s
lng ng rt t b cn tr.
Tuy nhin, khi cn phi tch lng - lng vi nng pha phn tn cao hn (rt
thng gp trong thc t), c nhiu vn pht sinh: s phn b kch c cc ht trong
nh v bn vng ca nh nh hng trc tip n kch thc thit b tch du nc. V trn thc t khng th xc nh chnh xc s phn b kch ch cc ht ca
pha phn tn, nn cng tc thit k bnh tch lng - lng vn da trn ca nh lut
Stocks c hiu chnh vi s liu thc nghim.
Campbell a ra hiu chnh thc nghim da trn phng trnh Stocks vi
nh khng n nh v khng gia nhit cng nh khng c s tham gia ha phm:
A . C . ( o )
vs = c c w
Lc
o
(6.18)
:
Lc
Ac
h s
Cc
H SI
H FPS
0,52 . L0,2
1,35 . L0,2
0,167
1,79
24
Thit b tch du kh
Nhn xt rng khi tng hm lng nc, vn tc lng ng gim (Hnh 6.8)
Kch thc thc ca b phn tch lng - lng phi ph hp vi c 2 chun l thi gian
lu gi lng v vn tc lng ng chng. Bnh tch t ngang thng c chn la
tch lng - lng v tng chiu di bnh tch lm gim tc lng ng. T s L/D in
hnh c chn thay i t 3 n 5. Khi vn tc lng ng c xc nh, din tch tit
din b phn lng ng c th c tnh:
Fs = Qc/vs
(6.19)
:
SI
Fs- din tch tit din b phn lng ng m2
Qc- lu lng ca pha lin tc (du)
FPS
ft2
m3/s ft3/sec
25
Thit b tch du kh
26
Thit b tch du kh
Thit k bnh tch tinh t cn phi thit lp thi gian lu gi cn thit tng thch
vi h thng kim sat.
Hnh 6.10 trnh by bnh tch tr ngang c trang b h thng ngt mc cao v
mc thp (LSDH v LSDL) cng nh h thng bo ng mc cao v mc thp (LAH
v LAL). Trn s hnh cng ch s tng quan ca chng vi mc cht lng bnh
thng (NLL).
27
Thit b tch du kh
28
Thit b tch du kh
Hnh 6.11 ch cc cch khc nhau kim sat tch kh, du v nc p sut cao.
Hnh cng ch cch kim sat mc gia 2 pha, nh thng cha v p trn. kim
sat mc gia 2 pha, ngi ta t phao ni gia nc v du nh s khc bit v khi
lng th tch ca chng. Ch s khc bit v khi lng th tch ny nh hng n
s thay i mc ni ca phao, nhng n c th khng n nh. Thng cha l ci
bung nm trong bnh tch, 1 hoc nhiu pha lng c tch cch ly. p trn
c s dng ph trong tch cch ly lai tr s cn thit kim sot mc gia cc
pha.
Hnh 6.11. Cc phng php khc nhau kim sot tch 3 pha
Cc phng php (3) & (4) bnh 6.11 cung cp tnh n nh kim sat ti a.
Tuy nhin thit k ny l phc tp v cc thng cha s b nghing, lch khi b lng
ct.
29
Thit b tch du kh
6.5.3. Kt lun
Gg
3600. g
35700
= 0,124 m 3 / s
3600.80
vd = K s
g
0,5
800 - 80
= 0,07
80
0,5
= 0,21m / s
0.5
: ( l g ). g )
1,2.35700
= 0,0188
1,0.0,07
0,5
0,25
: [(800 80).80]
0,25
4.k.Vg
v d Fg
4.1,2.0,124
= 0,95m
.0,21.1,0
30
Thit b tch du kh
78800
= 4,375 ft3/sec
3600.5,0
50 5
vd = 0,23
0,5
= 0,69 ft/sec
1,2.78800
Di = 0,0188 .
1,0.0,23
0,5
: [(50 5 ).5]
0 , 25
4.1,2.4,375
= 3,1ft hoc 37 in
.0,69.1,0
2
.262 = 175 MPa
3
P.Di
4.950
+C =
+ 1=15,2 mm
2.S.E 1,2P
2.161.0,85 1,2.4
31
Thit b tch du kh
=
P.D i
4.950
+C=
+ 1 = 12 mm
2.S P
2.175 4
d 2b ( l g ).g
18 l
18.0,01
Ql
0,0926
2
=
= 34,4 m
u g 0,00269
T ta c Di = 2,9 m ; L = 11,7 m
Bn c t gii bi tp ny theo h FPS
Thi V Trang BM. Khoan & Khai thc Du kh
32