VH Trungquoc PDF

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TRNG AI HOC A LAT

F7G
GIAO TRNH
VN HC TRUNG QUC
TS. NGUYN NH HO NGUYN THANH CHU
2005
Van hoc Trung Quoc
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
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MUC LUC
Muc luc .................................................................................................................- 1 CHNG I. VAN HOC THI TIEN TAN (1134 trc CN - 221 trc CN).......- 3 TIET 1 : KINH THI ..........................................................................................- 5 TIET 2 : S T ..............................................................................................- 14 TIET 3 : TAN VAN THI TIEN TAN ...........................................................- 26 1.3.1.- TAN VAN TRIET HOC va LUAN THUYET:................................- 26 1.3.2- TAN VAN LCH S: .......................................................................- 42 CAU HOI ON TAP CHNG I.....................................................................- 43 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHNG I ...........................................................- 44 CHNG II. TH VAN THI HAN NGUY (206 trc - 220 sau CN).........- 45 TIET 1 : TH PHU.........................................................................................- 45 TIET 2 : TAN VAN ........................................................................................- 45 2.3.1.- T Ma Thien (145-86 trc Tay lch) va S ky : .........................- 45 CAU HOI ON TAP CHNG II....................................................................- 65 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHNG II..........................................................- 65 CHNG III. TH VAN THI NG TONG (618 - 1279) .........................- 66 TIET I : TH ..................................................................................................- 66 3.1.-TH I NG(618-907): .............................................................- 66 CAU HOI ON TAP CHNG III ..................................................................- 96 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHNG III ........................................................- 96 CHNG IV. TIEU THUYET MINH THANH ................................................- 97 I.- BOI CANH LCH S ................................................................................- 97 II . TNH HNH VAN HOC ............................................................................- 99 1.Tieu thuyet i Minh ............................................................................. - 101 2. Tieu thuyet i Thanh (1644 1911) ................................................... - 102 III. AC IEM TIEU THUYET CO IEN TRUNG QUOC ....................... - 103 IV. TIEU THUYET CO IEN TRUNG QUOC - TIEU THUYET CHNG
HOI VIET NAM. .......................................................................................... - 103 V. KET LUAN .............................................................................................. - 104 TAM QUOC CH DIEN NGHA.................................................................. - 105 I. Tac gia La Quan Trung (1330 1400).................................................. - 105 II. Tac pham Tam quoc ch dien ngha ..................................................... - 106 III.NGHE THUAT .................................................................................... - 110 IV. ANH HNG CUA TAM QUOC CH .............................................. - 111 TAY DU KY ................................................................................................. - 113 I. Tac gia Ngo Tha An (1500? 1581?) ................................................. - 113 II. Tac pham Tay Du Ky ........................................................................... - 113 III. NGHE THUAT CUA TAY DU KY .................................................... - 116 IV. ANH HNG CUA TAY DU KY ..................................................... - 117 HONG LAU MONG..................................................................................... - 120 LIEU TRAI CH D ...................................................................................... - 123 CAU HOI ON TAP ....................................................................................... - 124 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO ............................................................................. - 125 -
TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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Khoa Ng van
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CHNG I. VAN HOC THI TIEN TAN (1134 TRC CN 221 TRC CN)
Tien Tan la thi ky trc i Tan, tc la t khi thuy cho en trc khi Tan
Thuy Hoang e thong nhat Trung Quoc(221 trc CN).
Ve mat lch s, sau thi gian truyen thuyet kha dai(khoang 700 nam) vi
cac i Tam Hoang(Toai Nhan, Phuc Hy, Than Nong), Ngu e gom Hoang e
(2696-2597 trc CN), Chuyen Huc, e Coc, ng Nghieu(2357-2255 trc CN)
va Ngu Thuan(2255- 2207 trc CN), lch s Trung Quoc thc s khi au vi Tam
ai la Ha(2207-1784 trc CN), Thng - An(1783-1135 trc CN) va Chu(1134247 trc CN) trong o trieu Chu la thi ky co nhieu bien ong nhat ve lch s,
chnh tr, kinh te, t tng va van hoa.
i Chu chia lam 2 thi ky: thi ky th nhat Chu Vu vng diet Tru, ong
o at Phong, at Cao(mien Thiem Tay bay gi), m au thi Tay Chu (1134770 trc CN). en i vua th 12 U vng, b r Hiem Doan va r Khuyen Nhung
anh bai, khien sau o Chu Bnh vng phai di o sang pha ong, ong Lac
Dng(Ha Nam), bat au thi ky th 2 goi la ong Chu(770-247 trc CN). ong
Chu lai c chia lam 2 thi ky na la Xuan Thu(722-479trc CN) va Chien
quoc(479-221 trc CN), xa hoi roi ren loan lac anh nhau e tranh at giet ngi
ay ong; anh nhau e tranh thanh, giet ngi ay thanh.
T khi di o sang ong, Nha Chu suy yeu dan khong u sc sai khien ch
hau. au thi ong Chu, so nc ch hau con chng tren 100 trong o co khoang
15 nc ln la Tan, Tan, Te, Ngo, Viet, S, Yen, Tao, Tong, Tran, Thai, Trnh, Lo,
Ve va Trung Sn. Co 5 nc hung cng, ke tiep nhau lam minh chu, tc la ngu ba:
Te Hoan cong, Tan Van cong, Tong Tng cong, S Trang cong va Tan Muc cong.
en thi Chien quoc , so ch hau giam xuong con 12 trong o co 7 nc manh goi
la that hung tc Tan, Te, S, Han, Nguy, Trieu va Yen tranh chap, thon tnh nhau,
khi hp tung, luc lien hoanh, cho en nam 221 trc CN, Tan Thuy Hoang diet sau
nc thong nhat Trung Quoc.
Chnh boi canh lch s ay bien ong cua i Chu, ac biet la thi Xuan
Thu - Chien quoc, a nay sinh s hng thnh, phat trien cua t tng hoc thuat bach
gia ch t va tan van thi tien Tan.
Ve mat van hoc, co the noi van hoc thi tien Tan chnh la van hoc i
Chu(1134-247 trc CN). Bi v tuy co sach chep mot so bai th tng truyen lam
vao cac i Hoang e(2696-2597 trc CN)) nh bai an ca: oan truc, tuc
truc, phi tho, truc nhuc(Chat tre, noi tre, nem at, uoi loai chim muong),
Nghieu(2357-2255 trc CN) nh bai Kch nhng ca:Nhat xuat nhi tac, nhat
nhap nhi tc, tac tnh nhi am, canh ien nhi thc, e lc ha hu nga tai! (Mat tri
moc th lam viec, mat tri lan th ngh ngi; ao gieng ma uong, cay ruong ma an,
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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sc vua can chi cho ta au !), Thuan(2255-2207 trc CN) nh bai Nam phong
ca:Nam phong chi huan he, kha d giai ngo dan chi uan he. Nam phong chi thi
he, kha d phu ngo dan chi tai he(Gio nam mat he, co the khuay noi gian cua dan ta.
Gio nam phai thi he co the tang tai san cua dan ta) , nhng thc ra khong co bang
chng g xac thc u tin. Con i Thng-An(1783-1135 trc CN), tuy van t a
hnh thanh nhng phai en cuoi i nay mi at en trnh o co the dung e ghi
chep, trc thuat.
Nam thien Thng tung trong Kinh Thi la nhng bai th do ngi i Chu
theo khau truyen ma ghi chep lai ch khong phai c ghi chep t i Thng-An.
Ch co may bai ca ngan trong li boi toan khac tren xng trinh boc c tm thay
tai lang Tieu on, huyen An Dng nam1899 va c xac nh xuat hien vao nien
ai An Thng la di tch ang tin nhat cua thi ca i nay. V du may cau th trong
li boi i thng co sau ay:
Quy mao boc: Kim nhat vu
Ky t tay lai vu?
Ky t ong lai vu?
Ky t bac lai vu?
Ky t nam lai vu?
(Ngay quy mao boi: Hom nay ma. Ma t tay lai chang? Ma t ong lai chang?
Ma t bac lai chang? Ma t nam lai chang?).
Bai th rat n gian, chat phac, dung ai t nghi van ky nh thng thay
trong Kinh Thi, co the bat nguon cho bai dan ca nhac phu Giang Nam kha thai
lien rat pho bien t i Han ve sau:
Giang Nam kha thai lien,
Lien diep ha ien ien!
Ng hy lien diep gian:
Ng hy lien diep ong,
Ng hy lien diep tay,
Ng hy lien diep nam,
Ng hy lien diep bac.
(Hay i hai sen ben b nam song. La sen ti tot lam sao !Ca gin trong la sen.Ca
gin phia ong la sen. Ca gin phia tay la sen. Ca gin pha nam la sen. Ca gin
pha bac la sen).
Tuy nhien, so lng thi ca t i An Thng tr ve trc qua t, cha u e
tao nen mot nen van hoc du la co s.
Van hoc thi tien Tan co 3 thanh tu ln: Kinh Thi, S t(noi bat nhat laLy
taocua Khuat Nguyen) va Tan van(triet hoc va lch s).
Kinh Thi la thanh tu thi ca mien Bac Trung Quoc, o la sang tac cua ai a
so quan chung, la nhng bai ca dao, dan ca cua 15 nc (Chu Nam, Thieu Nam,
Boi, Dung, Ve, Vng, Trnh, Te, Nguy, ng, Tan, Tran, Coi, Tao va Ban) sinh
song vung lu vc song Hoang Ha.
S t la thanh tu thi ca mien nam Trung Quoc, chu yeu la thi ca t phu cua
Khuat Nguyen, mot nha th yeu nc thiet tha, mot nha chnh tr sang suot ong
thi la mot nhan cach ln cua nc S.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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Tan van triet hoc va tan van lch s la thanh tu cua ca 2 mien Nam Bac Trung
quoc, trong o triet hoc Khong Manh thiet tha nhap the la t trao chnh cua mien
Bac va Lao Trang nhan dat lanh i la t trao chnh cua mien Nam.
Cac sang tac cua mien Bac mang tnh hien thc con nhng sang tac mien
Nam lai am net tr tnh. Ba thanh tu nay t nhieu eu b ngon la phan th nam
213 trc CN i Tan Thuy Hoang thieu ot (tr sach ve boi toan, nong nghiep va y
dc), en khi ngon la ot cung A Phong do Hang Vu day len th th tch trc
thi Tan mi b thieu sach, ch nh cong lao khoi phuc cua cac nha nho i Han,
cac tac pham nay mi c lu truyen en nay.
TIET 1 : KINH THI

Kinh Thi la tap th co nhat cua Trung Quoc. No la tong tap nhng bai ca
dao, dan ca hay nhat, ep nhat cua cac dan toc mien Bac Trung Quoc tc 15nc
vung lu vc song Hoang Ha(Chu Nam, Thieu Nam, Boi, Dung, Ve, Vng, Trnh,
Te, Nguy, ng, Tan, Tran, Coi, Tao va Ban), c sang tac trong khoang thi
gian t au Tay Chu en gia thi Xuan Thu tc t the ky th 12 en the ky th 6
trc CN(1134-590 trc CN). Tac gia ai a so thuoc tang lp quan chung bnh
dan( Phan Phong va mot so bai trong phan Tieu Nha). Ban au nhng sang tac nay
ch c goi la Thi(Thi tam bach, nhat ngon d te chi, viet t vo ta : Thi co 300
thien, mot li noi co the bao quat ca: o la khong ngh en ieu xang bay). Danh
xng kinh xuat hien t au i Han(206 trc CN) khi cac nha Han nho khoi
phuc va xep tac pham nay vao hang kinh ien(Thi, Th, Dch, Le va Xuan Thu) .
au i Han co 4 ban Kinh Thi, noi dung ai the giong nhau:
-Te thi cua Vien Co, that lac vao i Nguy(220-265).
-Lo thi cua Than Boi, that lac vao i Tay Tan(265-317).
-Han thi cua Han Anh, that lac vao i Bac Tong(960-1127).
-Mao thi cua Mao Hanh, hien con lu hanh.
Ve nguon goc Kinh Thi, co 2 thuyet: thai thi va san thi. Thuyet thai thi gia
nh t s kien thiet lap nhac phu th i Han Vo e, con thuyet san thi do T Ma
Thien a ra trong sach S Ky, thien Khong T the gia. Ve ten goi, co kha nhieu:
Thi, Kinh Thi, Quoc phong, Thap ngu quoc phong, Mao Thi
Ban Kinh Thi hien nay (tc Mao Thi) co 311 thien (trong o 6 thien ch co
e ta nen thc te gom 305thien, noi gon la Thi tam bach), chia lam 3 phan:
-Phong( hay Quoc phong, Thap ngu quoc phong) gom nhng bai ca dao, dan
ca dien ta cac mat sinh hoat cua i song ngi dan Trung Quoc thi thng co.
Tong cong co160 thien. ay la phan co gia tr nhat cua Kinh Thi -trong o chu e
tnh yeu nam n va c vong la oi cua quan chung nhan dan lao ong c the
hien sau am nhat.
-Nha (ai nha va Tieu nha), gom nhng bai th do cac nha quy toc sang tac
dung e ca hat trong yen tiec. Nhng bai dung trong yen tiec cua thien t trieu Chu
go la ai nha, co 31 thien. Nhng bai dung trong yen tiec cua ch hau hoac cac
khanh, ai phu go la Tieu nha, co 80 thien. ac biet trong tieu nha co mot so bai
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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th mang noi dung nh phan phong, co le khi khoi phuc lai, cac nha nho i Han a
thay the vao.
-Tung (Chu tung, Lo tung va Thng tung), gom nhng bai th ca ngi than
linh khi te le hoac khoa trng thnh c cac trieu ai, dung trong mieu ng, co
40 thien.
Kinh Thi la san pham van hoa cua mien Bac Trung Quoc va gia tr chu yeu
cua no la gia tr hien thc.
Ve noi dung, Quoc phong la phan tinh tuy co gia tr nhat cua Kinh Thi, phan
anh chnh xac va sau rong sinh hoat cua ngi dan Trung Quoc thi thng co, noi
bat hn ca la i song lao ong nang nhoc can cu, i song chnh tr b ap bc boc
lot va i song tnh cam hon nhien phong phu cua ai a so quan chung nhan dan
lao ong:
-Nhng bai mieu ta i song lao ong nang nhoc cua nhan dan Trung Quoc
thi co s nh lam ruong, trong dau, nuoi tam, nhuom t cho en san ban, chat go,
uc bang, dng nhanh : (That nguyet Ban phong), (Thap mau chi gian, Phat
an Nguy phong) chu e nay, ngi oc thay chu yeu toat len khong kh lao
ong vui ve nhon nhp va cam giac cua ngi lao ong la s nhe nhang sang khoai:
Mi mau ruong ka !
Thap mau chi gian ho,
Ngi trong dau nhan ha,
Tang gia nhan nhan he,
Cung con trai tr ve nha ch.
Hanh d t hoan he !
(Mi mau ruong Ca dao nc Nguy)
(Thap mau chi gian Nguy phong)
Nhng mot so bai cung a manh nha thai o phe phan, oan ghet tang lp
thong tr, boc lot, ngoi mat an bat vang, nh bai Phat an(Nguy phong):
Chat go an chan chat ch,
Kham kham phat an he,
at no b song cao.
Tr chi ha thuy can he.
Nc song trong va gn song.
Ha thuy thanh tha lien y.
Chang cay chang gat,
Bat gia bat sac,
Sao thu lua nhieu en 300 hoc ch?
Ho thu hoa tam bach trien he?
Chang san chang bat,
Bat thu bat liep,
Ho chiem nh nh hu huyen huyen he? Sao thay hien anh co treo chon ch?
Anh quan t kia, ch an khong ch !
B quan t he bat to san he !
Kham kham phat bc he,
Tr chi ha chi trac he.
Ha thuy thanh tha trc y.
Bat gia bat sac,
Ho thu hoa tam bach c he?
Bat thu bat liep,
Ho chiem nh nh hu huyen ac he?
B quan t he, bat to thc he !
Chat go nan hoa chan chat ch,

at no ben b song thap.
Nc song trong ma song thang.
Sao thu lua nhieu en 300 c ch?
Sao thay hien anh co treo thu non ch?
Anh quan t kia, ch co an khong ch !
Kham kham phat luan he,

Tr chi ha chi than he.
Ha thuy thanh tha luan y.
Chat go banh xe chan chat ch,

at no me nc song.
Nc song trong va song cuon tron.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Bat gia bat sac,

Ho thu hoa tam bach khuan he?
Bat thu bat liep,
Ho chiem nh nh hu huyen thuan he?
B quan t he, bat to ton he !
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Sao thu lua nhieu en 300 va ch?
Sao thay hien anh co treo chim beo ch?
Anh quan t kia, ch an khong ch !
-Nhng bai mieu ta thai o cam ghet cua ngi dan oi vi s ap bc boc lot
va phan khang chien tranh xam lc thon tnh lan nhau gia cac nc thi Xuan
Thu-Chien quoc do giai cap thong tr gay ra nh: (Thac th Nguy phong), (Bao vu
ng phong), (Quan t vu dch Vng phong), (Ba he Ve phong), (ong sn
Ban phong), (Thai vi Tieu nha)
chu e th 2 nay, ngi oc co the tm thay nhieu bai th co nghe thuat
rat cao. ay la noi lo lang cua ngi lnh thu b bat i hanh dch:
Chim kia bay au lum gai,
Tuc tuc bao vu,
Viec vua ay ray biet ngay nao xong?
Tap vu bao hu.
Lua ke ai vai xuong ong,
Vng s m co,
Cha me oi long biet lay g an?
Bat nang nghe tac th.
Tri cao co biet hay chang,
Phu mau ha ho ?
Chng nao het viec ma mong tr ve?
Du du thng thien,
(Chim bao vu)
Hat ky hu s
(Bao vu)
Ho lo lang la le ng nhien, v ngay ve cua ho neu may man co c, cung
ch la noi xot xa vi bao au thng mat mat:
Ta i nui ong,
Nga to ong sn,
Bien biet khong ve.
Thao thao bat qui.
Ngay ve t ong,
Nga lai t ong,
Ma ri lat phat.
Linh vu ky mong.
T phng ong ve,
Nga ong viet qui,
Long au ve Tay
Nga tam Tay bi
(Nui ong)
(ong sn)
Hoac :
Xa ta ra i,
Tch nga vang hy,
Dng lieu xanh r.
Dng lieu y y .
Nay ta tr ve,
Kim nga lai t,
Ma ri lat phat.
Vu tuyet phi phi.
ng xa dieu vi,
Hanh ao tr tr,
a khat lai oi.
Tha khat tha c.
Trong long au nhoi,
Nga tam thng bi,
Ai biet au thng?
Mac tri nga ai.
(Rau thai vi)
(Thai vi)
Lieu noi au thng ay co du bt phan nao vi hnh anh ngi v tao khang
van chung thuy ch chong? Hay lai them noi bat hanh mon moi ch i cua nhng
manh i con sau cai kien?
T ngay chang tray sang ong,
T ba chi ong,
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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au em nh the co bong gio bay !

Nao khong nc goi cho hay,
Biet v ai o, e gai nay vuot ve?
Tri ma ! Ay tri sap ma !
Mat tri au a moc ra o hong.
Hay xin e thiep nh chong,
au tuy co nhc nhng long cung cam.
(Chang i!)
(Ba he)
-Nhng bai mieu ta i song tnh cam hon nhien phong phu nhat la tnh yeu
nam n va c vong la oi nh: (Quan th, Quyen nh, ao yeu, Han quang Chu
Nam), (Phieu hu mai, Tieu tinh Thieu Nam), (Tnh n, Yen yen Boi phong),
(Bach chu, Quan t giai lao Dung phong)c vong hanh phuc la oi cua ngi
dan Trung Quoc thi co s thong qua chu e tnh yeu nam n trong Kinh Thi c
the hien tinh te t s gap g, thng nh, tran troc en hen ho, hn doi, c m nen
duyen cam sat hoac luyen tiec xot xa, o v. o la c vong chan thc, la khat
vong thiet tha, ong thi cung la s oi hoi chnh ang quyen c song hanh phuc
cua con ngi noi chung(Xem phan trch giang).
Thu nh phi bong.
Khi vo cao moc?
Thuy thch vi dung?
Ky vu ky vu,
Cao cao xuat nhat.
Nguyen ngon t ba,
Cam tam thu tat.
Noi dung Kinh Thi co tac ong giao duc rat ln. Chnh Khong t cung nhan
nh: Tieu t, ha mac hoc phu Thi? Thi kha d hng, kha d quan, kha d quan, kha
d oan; nh chi s phu, vien chi s quan, a ch ieu thu thao moc chi danh Dng hoa(Cac tro sao khong hoc Thi? Nh Thi, ta co the hng khi tam tr, biet
quan sat, biet hp quan, biet oan gian mot cach chnh ang; gan th biet th cha, xa
th biet th vua, lai con ghi chep ten nhieu giong chim muong cay co - thien Dng
Hoa).
Ve nghe thuat, phng thc bieu at cua Kinh Thi rat a dang. Cac the phu,
t, hng c s dung hoac rieng le hoac phoi hp mot cach nhuan nhuyen lam noi
dung bai th cang them noi bat, tang them tnh gi hnh va gay cam xuc manh ni
ngi oc. Cac thu phap trung chng iep cu khong nhng khien nhac ieu bai th
them doi dao ma con giup noi dung y tng c khac hoa tinh te, sau sac. Ngoai
ra, tiet tau n gian cua loi th 4 ch, s s dung ngon t bnh d quen thuoc ma gi
ta a gop phan khong nho tao nen gia tr hien thc cua tac pham.
Ve phng dien van hoc, anh hng cua Kinh Thi rat ln. No la kho t lieu,
ien co phong phu, la nguon cam hng vo tan cua thi nhan cac i, Trung Quoc
cung nh Viet Nam.
Trung Quoc, khong mot thi s nao lai khong oc va khong chu t nhieu
anh hng cua Kinh Thi. Ly Bach a viet :
ai nha cu bat tac,
Ngo ai canh thuy tran?
(ai Nha a lau khong chan tac, noi niem ai oan cua ta rot cuoc biet giai bay
cung ai?).
Con o Phu th chu trng Biet tai nguy the than Phong Nha(Rieng ta
khong theo loi nguy the ma ch phat trien th Phong, Nha).
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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ac biet, ca dao, dan ca, th va nhac phu t Lng Han en Luc Trieu chu
anh hng trc tiep Kinh Thi, ca ve noi dung lan hnh thc.
nc ta, cac thi gia xa thng mn ch, mn hnh anh, mn y cua
Kinh Thi e dien at y tng tam tnh, tham ch xem Kinh Thi nh mot tac pham
mau mc, khong ngt li ca ngi: T ngon oc Mao, ngu ngon oc ao, that ngon
oc Tao(Th 4 ch th oc Mao thi, th 5 ch th oc ao Tiem, th 7 ch th oc
Ly Tao). That ung la Bat hoc Thi, vo d ngon( Khong hoc tap Kinh Thi, khong
biet lay g ma noi cho van ve - Luan Ng); Nhan nhi bat vi Chu Nam, Thieu Nam,
ky do chnh tng dien nhi lap(Ngi ta ma khong oc th Chu Nam, Thieu Nam,
th cung giong nh ng quay mat vao tng - Dng Hoa) ; Tung Thi tam bach,
thu chi d chnh bat at, s t phng bat nang chuyen oi, tuy a, diec he d vi?(
oc het 300 thien Thi, nhng khi c trao viec chnh tr lam khong at, sai i s
bon phng khong biet ng oi lu loat, th tuy co oc nhieu cung chang ch g -T
Lo).
Trch giang:
Chim th cu
I-Quan th
Chim th cu hot vang,
Quan quan th cu,
Tren bai song.
Tai ha chi chau.
Ngi thuc n du dang yeu ieu,
Yeu ieu thuc n,
Xng oi vi chang quan t.
Quan t hao cau.
Sam si hanh thai,
Ta hu lu chi.
Yeu ieu thuc n,
Ngu m cau chi.
Rau hanh so le,

Nga ngon theo hai ben giong.
Thc ngu ta cau mong.
Cau chi bat ac,

Ngu m t bac(phuc),
Du tai ! Du tai !
Trien chuyen phan trac.
Cau mong nang khong c,

Thc ngu ta nh nhung.
Oi, nh thng hoai !
Ta tran troc khon nguoi.
Sam si hanh thai,

Ta hu thai chi,
Yeu ieu thuc n,
Cam sat hu chi.
Sam si hanh thai,
Ta hu mao chi.
Yeu ieu thuc n,
Chung co lac chi.
2.- Tnh n
Tnh n ky thu ,
S nga vu thanh ngu.
Ai nhi bat kien,
Tao thu tr tru .
Rau hanh so le,

Ta hai rau ben phai, ben trai.
Ta gay an cam an sat mong co nang.
Rau hanh so le,
Ta hai rau ben phai ben trai ve nau chn.
Ngi thuc n du dang yeu ieu ,
Ta noi chuong trong cho nang vui.
Co gai thuy m
Co gai du dang xinh ep,
i ta goc thanh.
Yeu nang ma khong gap mat,
Ta vo au ban khoan.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 10 -
Tnh n ky luyen ,
Di nga an quan .
an quan hu v ,
Duyet dch nh my.
Co gai du dang ang yeu,

Tang ta mot cay but son.
Cay but son co van rc r,
Ta vui long v mi ep.
T muc qui di ,
Tuan my tha d.
Ph nh chi vi my,
My nhan chi di.
T ngoai ong ve, nang tang ta nhanh co

Va ep va la.
Co i, khong phai la mi ep au
Ma v la tang vat cua ngi ep.
3.- Ha quang
Thuy v ha quang,
Nhat vy hang chi.
Thuy v Tong vien,
Ky d vong chi.
Song rong
Song kia, ai bao rong g?
Mot cai co say, ay th sang qua !
Tong kia, ai bao rang xa?
Kieng chan mot chut, ay ta trong thay roi
Thuy v ha quang,
Tang bat dung ieu.
Thuy v Tong vien,
Tang bat sung trieu.
Song kia, ai bao rong g?

Mot chiec thuyen nho, ay th chat tho !
Tong kia, ai bao xa xoi?
i khong ay buoi, ay en ni o ma !
(Tan a dch)
4.- T kham
Thanh thanh t kham,
Du du nga tam.
Tung nga bat vang,
T ninh bat t he?
Ao chang
Ao chang xanh xanh,
Long ta nh hoai.
Neu ta chang ti,
Chang sao chang giai bay?
Thanh thanh t boi,

Du du nga t.
Tung nga bat vang,
T ninh bat lai?
Chang eo ngoc xanh,

Long ta nh mai.
Neu ta khong i,
Chang sao chang lai?
Khieu he ! at he !
Tai thanh khuyet he.
Nhat nhat bat kien,
Nh tam nguyet he.
Gin ka ! Nhay ka !
ca thanh kia.
Mot ngay chang thay,
Ba thang cach chia.
( Vo Danh)
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 11 -
5.- Yen yen

Yen yen vu phi,
Si tr ky vu.
Chi t vu quy,
Vien tong vu da.
Chiem vong phat cap,
Khap the nh vu.
Chim en
Ka trong con en no bay,
No sa canh nay no lieng canh kia.
Co kia bc chan ra ve,
Ta tien mnh ve en quang ong khong.
Trong theo nao thay ma trong,
Nc mat ta khoc rong rong nh ma.
Yen yen vu phi,

Hiet chi hang chi.
Chi t vu quy,
Vien vu tng chi.
Tr lap d khap.

Bay bong ni nay bay xuong ni kia.
Ta tien mnh ve chang quan ng xa.
Trong theo nao thay au ma,
Mot mnh th than ng ma khoc thng.
Yen yen vu phi,

Ha thng ky am.
Chi t vu quy,
Vien tong vu nam.
Thc lao nga tam.
6.- Phieu hu mai
Phieu hu mai,
Ky thc that he!
Cau nga th s,
ai ky cat he.

Keu len tieng nay, keu xuong tieng kia.
Ta tien mnh ve, xa tien sang nam.
Long ta v van ai lam,
Trong theo chang thay cho them nhoc long
(Tan a dch)
Cay mai rung
Cay mai rung,
Qua bay tren canh.
Ay ai la ke cau mnh,
Tnh sao cho kp ngay lanh hi ai !
Phieu hu mai,
Ky thc tam he!
Cau nga th s,
ai ky kim he.
Cay mai rung,

Tren canh qua ba.
Ay ai la ke cau ta,
Tnh sao cho kp, at la ngay nay.
Phieu hu mai,
Khuynh khuong k chi.
Cau nga th s,
ai ky v chi.
Cay mai rung,

Nghieng gio nhat mai.
Cau ta, ai o hi ai !
Tnh sao cho kp, mot li bao nhau !
(Tan a dch)
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 12 -
7.-Quan t vu dch
Quan t vu dch,
Bat tri ky ky.
Hat ch tai!
Ke the vu th.
Nhat chi tch hy,
Dng ngu ha lai,
Quan t vu dch,
Nh chi ha vat u?
Chang chinh chien phng xa

Chang chinh chien phng xa,
Ngay ve nao hen c.
Ga en luc len chuong,
Chang bao gi ve c?
Tri chieu a xam toi,
De trau a ve ti.
Chang con chinh chien xa,
Long thiep sao chang roi?
Quan t vu dch,
Bat nhat bat nguyet.
Hat hu ky hoat,
Ke the vu kiet.
Nhat chi tch hy,
Dng ngu ha quat,
Quan t vu dch,
Cau vo c khat.
Chang chinh chien phng xa,

Thang ngay i bien biet.
Ga a nam am to,
Ngay chang ve nao biet.
Tri chieu bong a ta,
De trau a ve het.
Chang con chinh chien xa,
Mong sao khong oi ret.
8.- Ba he
Ba he ! Yet he !
Bang chi kiet he.
Ba da chap thu,
V vng tien khu.
Chang i !
Ay ai tai gioi nh chang,
Ke xem trong nc, that hang trng phu.
Chang nay chay trc xe vua,
Lam lam cam mot cai thu trong tay.
T ba chi ong,
Thu nh phi bong.
Khi vo cao moc,
Thuy ch vi dung.
T ngay chang tray sang ong,

au em nh the co bong gio bay !
Nao khong nc goi cho hay,
Biet v ai o, e gai nay vuot ve?
Ky vu ! Ky vu !
Kieu kieu xuat nhat.
Nguyen ngon t ba,
Cam tam thu tat.
Tri ma ! Ay tri sap ma !

Mat tri au a moc ra o hong.
au tuy co nhc, nhng long cung cam.
An ac huyen thao,
Ngon thu chi boi.
Nguyen ngon t ba,
S nga tam hoi.
c g c co quen lo,
em ve chai bac e cho ta trong.
Dau cho au n trong long, quan bao !
(Tan a dch)
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 13 -
9.- Bach chu

Phiem b bach chu,
Diec phiem ky lu.
Canh canh bat m,
Nh hu an u.
Vi nga vo tu,
D ngao d du.
Chiec thuyen go bach

Lenh enh nh chiec thuyen troi,
Chiec thuyen go bach, ai i, gia giong!
Muon ngu ma ngu chang xong,
V sao khac khoai nh long co lo.
Lo nay ai co hay cho,
Phai rang khong ru chi cho buon.
Nga tam ph giam,

Bat kha d nh.
Diec hu huynh e,
Bat kha d c.
Bac ngon vang to,
Phung b chi no.
Long ta chang phai la gng,

Muon em ma lng, ho de c chang?
Anh em co cung goi rang:
Co anh em, chang chac bang vao ai.
Ta i ta noi may li,
Gap cn gian d cua ngi anh em.
Nga tam ph thach,

Bat kha chuyen da.
Nga tam ph tch,
Bat kha quyen da.
Uy nghi le le,
Bat kha tuyen da.
Chieu kia cuon de nh khong,

Long ta phai chieu ma mong cuon dan !
a kia thi co ngi lan,
Long ta phai a ma van c sao !
Uy nghi chang kem chut nao,
De ai ken chon ieu nao c ru !
u tam tieu tieu,

Uan vu quan tieu.
Cau man ky a,
Thu vo bat tieu.
Tnh ngon t chi,
Ngu tch hu phieu.
Nhat c nguyet ch,
Ho iet nhi vi.
Tam chi u hy,
Nh ph can y.
Tnh ngon t chi,
Bat nang phan phi.
Long ta ay nay lo phien,

Ngh cho nhng lu nho nhen bc mnh.
Noi rieng lam noi thng tnh,
Lai them nhieu s bat bnh lam thay !
Mot mnh rieng ngh ai hay,
em nam s bung, vo tay ma buon.
Mat trang kia vi mat tri,
Sao ma m toi lan hoi nh nhau?
Long ta xiet noi lo sau,
Nh ao khong giat mac lau the nay.
Mot mnh rieng ngh ai hay,
Bc mnh khon de ma bay c nao !
(Tan a dch)
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc

10.-Tieu tinh
Tue b tieu tinh,
Tam ngu tai ong.
Tuc tuc tieu chinh,
Tuc da tai cong.
Thc menh bat ong.
Tue b tieu tinh,
Duy Sam d Mao.
Tuc tuc tieu chinh,
Bao kham d tru,
Thc menh bat do.
- 14 -
Phan le mon
Ong sao nho nho,
Moc pha ong
Nam ong ba ong,
Nhap nha nhap nhay.
Ka au lai thay,
Sao Mao sao Sam
Om chan cham cham i em,
Ni cong khuya sm than em chc chau.
Phan tri cho, thc chang nh nhau.
(Tan a dch)
TIET 2 : S T
Neu Kinh Thi la thanh tu thi ca dan gian mien Bac, co gia tr hien thc cao
th S t la thanh tu thi ca mien Nam mang am dau an ca nhan (noi bat la Ly Tao
cua Khuat Nguyen).Tac pham Ly tao xuat hien t gia the ky th 4 trc CN va
c cong nhan la nh cao cua thi ca Trung Quoc, at ti bc phat trien rat ln ve
mat chu e t tng cung nh nghe thuat the hien, nhat la s s dung ngon t
phong phu va sc tng tng doi dao. Gia tr chu yeu cua S t noi chung, cua Ly
Tao noi rieng la chat tr tnh lang man, the hien tr tng tng phong phu bay bong
cua nha th thien tai Khuat Nguyen.
S t la thi ca, t phu cua nc S - mot nc lu vc song Trng giang,
tc la mien nam Trung Quoc- trong o nhng tac pham noi tieng nhat la cua hai
nhan vat co tam s gan giong nhau: Khuat Nguyen(343-278 trc CN) va Tong
Ngoc(290-222 trc CN).
-Khuat Nguyen(343-278 trc CN) va Ly Tao:
Huy la Bnh, t la Nguyen, hau due cua S Vu vng. La nginghe rong, ch hung, ro
viec tr loan, gioi ve giay t, vao th cung vua ban viec nc, ban bo hieu lenh, ra th tiep ai tan
khach, ng oi ch hau(S ky, Khuat Nguyen liet truyen - T Ma Thien), rat c S Hoai vng
tin dung.
Nam 25 tuoi(319 trc CN) c S Hoai vng tin dung, phong chc Ta o.
Nam 318 trc CN, Khuat Nguyen i s nc Te, lap nen tung c Te - S, thc hien bien
phap khien S tr thanh nc hung manh.
Nam 314 trc CN, nghe li Thng quan ai phu Can Thng ganh tai giem pha, S
Hoai vng khong tin dung Khuat Nguyen na, bo hp tung, theo lien hoanh, ay ong len mien Bac
song Han. Khuat Nguyen lo buon, sang tac thien Ly Tao e giai bay tam s cua mot be toi co trung
het long v dan v nc.
Nam 312 trc CN, sau khi b Trng Nghi la gat phai thua tran, mat at Han Trung, mat
tng Khuat Cai, S Hoai vng hoi han, lai tin dung Khuat Nguyen, noi lai lien minh Te-S, phong
ong lam Tam L ai phu.
Nam 299 trc CN, lam ke ket tnh thong gia cua Tan Chieu vng, S Hoai vng vt
ca ai Vu quan, b giam Tan, roi 3 nam sau mat tai ay.
Nam 296 trc CN, i Khoanh Tng vng, Khuat Nguyen lai b lu ay xuong mien
Giang Nam.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 15 -
Nam 278 trc CN, tng Tan la Bach Khi anh chiem Snh o, khai quat phan mo to tien
vua S. Luc nay Khuat Nguyen a 66 tuoi, trai qua hn 20 nam luan lac, thay canh quoc pha gia
vong, nhan dan o than, ong rat phan khch bi ai, lam bai phu Hoai sa roi t tram tai song Mch La
vao ngay mong 5 thang 5( tet oan ngo).
Theo Ban Co(Han th -Nghe van ch), Vng Dat(S t chng cu) va Chu Hy(S t tap
chu), tac pham cua Khuat Nguyen gom 25 thien sau:
Ly tao(1 thien), Thien van(1 thien), Vien du(1 thien), Boc c(1 thien), Ng phu(1 thien), Cu
ca(11 thien : ong hoang thai nhat, Van trung than, Tng quan, Tng phu nhan, ai t menh,
Thieu t menh, ong quan, Ha ba, Sn qu, Quoc thng, Le hon) va Cu chng(9 thien : Tch
tung, Thiep giang, Ai Snh, Tru t, Hoai sa, T my nhan, Tch vang nhat, Quat tung, Bi hoi phong).
Qua than the va s nghiep cua mnh, Khuat Nguyen xng ang la mot nha th yeu nc
thiet tha, mot nha chnh tr sang suot va la mot nhan cach ln.
Ly tao tac pham tieu bieu cua Khuat Nguyen- gom 374 cau, sang tac
nam 314 trc CN khi S Hoai Vng nghe li giem pha cua Thng quan ai phu
Can Thng, cach chc Ta o va ay ong len mien bac song Han. Bai th viet theo
the tao, the th do chnh tac gia sang tao tren c s dan ca nc S. Ly tao co
ngha la moi lo buon biet ly( Ly tao gia, ly u da -S Ky T Ma Thien), hoac gap
moi u sau(Han th Ban Co). Hai cach giai thch nay eu phu hp vi noi dung
giai bay tam s cua nha th yeu nc Khuat Nguyen.
Tac pham Ly Tao c nha phe bnh i Minh Kim Thanh Than xep vao
hang co ien goi la luc tai t(Nam Hoa Kinh cua Trang T, Ly Tao cua Khuat
Nguyen, S Ky cua T Ma Thien, Luat Thi cua o Phu, Thuy H cua Thi Nai Am
va Tay Sng Ky cua Vng Thc Phu). Ve sau ngi i them vao 2 tac pham na
thanh bat tai t la Ty Ba Hanh cua Bach C D va Hoa Tien Ky Khuyet Danh;
cung co ngi cho la Tam Quoc Ch cua La Quan Trung va Hong Lau Mong cua
Tao Tuyet Can Cao Ngac.
Tac pham co the chia lam 2 phan va mot li loan : ( tc li ket):
Phan 1: 184 cau au, chu yeu la thc co pha lan t nhieu h cau, tac gia t
ke ve mnh, gom 3 oan:
oan 1 trnh bay gia the va ch hng, hoai bao cua tac gia luc con tre.
oan 2 ke lai nhng lo lang, dan vat u t cua tac gia ve hau qua cua ng
loi tr nc do nha vua mu quang va bon nnh than xuc xiem gay ra.
oan 3 the hien tinh than au tranh en cung cho ly tng, quyet khong
thoa hiep vi cai ac, cai xau.
Phan 2: 186 cau ke tiep, chu yeu la h cau nhng phat xuat t c s hien
thc, gom 4 oan:
oan 1 hoa than vao mong tng e trnh bay ly tng hoai bao tr quan
trach dan cua mnh trc en vua Thuan.
oan 2 dien ta cuoc du hanh vao the gii h ao (3 lt) e tm ngi ban
long nham thc hien ly tng hoai bao ay nhng that bai.
oan 3 tr ve hien thc trong tam trang xot xa dan vat, mat phng hng,
muon buong xuoi, nhieu lan ngh en cai chet.
oan 4 lai du hanh vao the gii h ao nhng van that bai.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 16 -
Li loan: 4 cau cuoi, tong ket y toan bai va neu len d cam bi thng ve
cuoc i tac gia: theo gng Banh Ham, tm en cai chet e giai bay tam long thiet
tha v the s cua mot nhan cach cao khiet.
Trch giang:
l.-Ly tao(trch)
e Cao Dng chi mieu due he,
Tram hoang khao viet Ba Dung.
Nhiep e trinh vu Manh Trau he,
Duy Canh dan ngo d giang.
Gap moi lo buon

La dong doi Cao Dng vua trc,
Ong Ba Dung chnh thc phu than,
Nam Dan, vao thang au xuan,
Canh dan ngay ay, giang tran la ta.
Hoang lam qu d s o he,

Thieu tch d d gia thanh.
Danh d viet Chnh Tac he,
T d viet Linh Quan.
Luc s sinh trong ra moi s,

Cha ban cho danh t tot lanh.
Nay ay Chnh Tac la danh,
Linh Quan la t cho thanh ten hay.
Phan ngo ky hu th noi my he,

Hu trung chi d tu nang.
Ho giang ly d tch ch he,
Nu thu lan d vi boi.
Trong a san c day net kha,

Ngoai lai them ve la, tai nhieu.
Giang ly, tch ch mang theo,
Thu lan thm ngat ket eo ben mnh.
Cot d nhc tng bat cap he,

Khung nien tue chi bat ngo d.
Trieu kien t chi moc lan he,
Tch giao chau chi tuc mang.
Lo thi gian troi nhanh qua voi,

S thang nam chang i ch ta.
Moc lan ban sang hai hoa,
Co xanh giam bong chieu ta ben song.
Nhat nguyet hot ky bat yem he,

Xuan d thu ky ai t.
Duy thao moc chi linh lac he,
Khung my nhan chi tr mo.
Ngay vi thang han khong lai,

Xuan roi thu mai mai oi thay
Ngh ieu heo rung co cay,
S cho ngi ep roi ay se gia.
Bat phu trang nhi kh ue he,

Ha bat cai th o?
Tha ky ky d tr snh he,
Lai ngo ao phu tien lo.
Thi tre manh, xau xa chang bo,

Sao khong thay phap o ky cng?
Ruoi giong ky ky tren ng,
Lai ay, ta dan cho tng bc i.
Tch tam hau chi thuan tuy he,

Co chung phng chi s tai.
Tap than tieu d khuan que he,
Khi duy nu phu hue xai.
V ba vua xa kia tot c,

Nen co thm thay c vun trong.
Tieu kia, que no eu dung,
Phai au lan hue mi mong oai hoai.
B Nghieu Thuan chi canh gii he,

Ky tuan ao nhi ac lo.
Ha Kiet Tru chi xng phi he,
Phu duy tiep knh d quan bo.
Ka Nghieu Thuan sang ngi ngoi ca,

Theo ng ngay nen a thanh cong
Con nh Kiet Tru buong tuong,
Bang theo loi tat, khon cung bc i.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 17 -
Duy phu ang nhan chi thau lac he,

Lo u muoi d hiem ai.
Khi d than chi an ng he,
Khung hoang d chi bai tch.
Be lu ay mai me hoan lac,

Khien toi tam vng mac loi ng;
Than ta ha s tai ng,
Ch e c nghiep quan vng o nhao.
Hot bon tau d tien hau he,

Cap tien vng chi chung vu.
Thuyen bat sat d chi trung tnh he,
Phan tn sam nhi te no.
Nen voi va trc sau chay chot,

Mong theo chan noi got tien vng;
Long trung chang c oai thng,
Tin li sam tau noi cn loi nh.
D co tri kien kien chi vi hoan he,

Nhan nhi bat nang xa da.
Ch cu thien d vi chnh he,
Phu duy Linh tu chi co da.
Von a biet kien trinh gay hoa,

Song n nao bo ca nc non !
Ch tri ma giai long son,
Linh tu la ay, coi nguon bi ai.
Viet hoang hon d vi ky he,

Khng trung ao nhi cai lo.
S ky d d thanh ngon he,
Hau hoi on nhi hu tha.
Buoi hoang hon cung ai ho hen,

Mi na ng cai bien ng au !
Noi ieu thanh thc ban au,
Cung ta nh the ma sau oi li.
D ky bat nan phu ly biet he,

Thng Linh tu chi xac hoa.
D ky t lan chi cu uyen he,
Hu thu hue chi bach mau.
Ta ha quan cung ngi ly biet,

Thng Linh tu chuyen bien bao lan;
Ruong nay chn khoanh cay lan,
ong xa tram mau trong hang hue kia.
Hue lu di d yet xa he,

Tap o hanh d phng ch.
Ky chi diep chi tuan mau he,
Nguyen s thi he ngo tng san.
Vun yet xa, lu di khoe ve,

Xen mau ti phng ch, o hanh,
Mong sao ram rap la canh,
ung thi ta hai cho thanh c ao.
Tuy uy tuyet ky diec ha thng he,

Ai chung phng chi vo ue.
Chung giai canh tien d tham lam he,
Bang bat yem ho cau sach.
Dau heo rung hai nao ang ke,

Thng co thm hoang phe ieu tan.
Tranh nhau chung chang t nan,
Mu danh oat li tham tan chang ngi.
(Tran Trong San dch)
.........
Chung bat kha ho thuyet he,
Thuc van sat d chi trung tnh?
The tnh c nhi hieu bang he,
Phu ha quynh oc nhi bat d thnh?
.....
Tang h hi d uat ap he,
Ai tram th chi bat ang.
Lam nh hue d yem the he,
Triem d kham chi lang lang.
Noi vi chung de hong noi xiet,

Ai la ngi xet biet long ta?
i eu be ang gian ta,
Mot mnh ta noi noi ma ai nghe?
....
Nc n khoc lo buon ay da,
Tui cho than sinh a loi thi.
Gat sau bt canh hue ti,
Ao khan la cha le ri t am.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 18 -
....
Trieu phat nhan Thng Ngo he,
Tch d ch ho Huyen Pho.
Duc thieu lu th linh toa he,
Nhat hot hot ky tng mo.
....
Sm Thng Ngo chieu ra Huyen Pho,
en than linh xa ngo ca ngoai.
Chon nay muon tam ngh ngi,
Ngo linh Hy Hoa nh tiet he,

Vong Yem tu nhi vat bach.
Lo man man ky tu vien he,
Ngo tng thng ha nhi cau sach.
.
Lo tu vien d a gian he,
ang chung xa s knh ai.
Lo bat chu d ta chuyen he,
Ch Tay hai d vi ky.
Hy Hoa hi ne tnh ta vi,

Loi non oai ch voi xong pha.
Quan bao nc tham non xa,
e ta tm kiem cho ra ban long.
on d xa ky thien thang he,

Te ngoc ai nhi tnh tr.
Gia bat long chi uyen uyen he,
Tai van ky chi uy a.
eu tay sap giat day cng ngoc,

Nghn xe cung mot luc ra i.
Tam rong bay lon trc xe,
C may phat phi bong che rp tri.
c ch nhi nh tiet he,

Than cao tr chi mac mac.
Tau Cu ca nhi vu Thieu he,
Lieu ha nhat d du lac.
Hay ngng bc tam nguoi da tui,

Buong than hon len coi cao xa.
Mua Thieu hat khuc Cu ca,
Thang ngay thong tha lieu ma lam khuay.
Trac thang hoang chi hach hy he,

Hot lam nghe phu cu hng.
Boc phu bi d ma hoai he,
Quyen cuc co nhi bat hang.
Cat mnh khoang tri may rong rai,

Cht ngoanh au trong lai que hng
Nga buon ay t tham thng,
Co ro nhn nhac ngai ng chang i.
Loan viet : D hy tai !

Quoc vo nhan mac nga tri he,
Hu ha hoai ho co o ?!
Ky mac tuc d vi my chnh he,
Ngo tng tong Banh Ham chi s c.
Van rang :
Thoi ! Thng tiec lam chi cho cc!
Biet ta au mot nc khong ngi.
Chnh lanh lam sc vi ai?
Banh Ham au o ta thi i theo !
(Nguyen Tao dch)
2. Hoai sa(trch)
Loan viet:
Hao hao Nguyen Tng, phan lu Mch
he!
Tu lo u e, ao vien hot he !
Hoai chat bao tnh, oc vo that he !
Ba Nhac ky mot, ky yen trnh he !
Chieu hom bang lang mat tri xuong nhanh.
Xa tham tham coi ng hiem tr,

Don cac xe giup ta cung.
ng xa loi ta i vong,
Hen ngay thang ch qua vung be Tay.
Li ket rang:
Menh mong Nguyen Tng, song Mch La
chia nhanh a !
ng xa man mac, ngat tanh mu khi a !
Om tnh gi chat, anh phai mo coi a !
Ba Nhac a mat, nga Ky ai coi a !
Nhan sinh co menh, eu a nh roi a !
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Dan sinh bam menh, cac hu s tho he !

nh tam quang ch, d ha s uy cu he !
Tang thng vien ai, vnh than v he !
The hon troc mac ngo tri, nhan tam bat
kha v he !
Tri t bat kha nhng, nguyen vat ai he !
Minh cao quan t, ngo tng d vi loai he!
- 19 -
Vng long rong ch, ta chang s a !

Xot thng chang dt, than th mai a !
i ngau uc khong biet ta, long ngi
kho lng a !
Biet chet khong tranh c, nguyen khong
tiec i a !
Noi ro cung quan t, ta mong theo oi a !
(ao Duy Anh dch)
3. Ng phu
Khuat Nguyen ky phong, du giang am, hanh ngam trach ban, nhan sac
tieu tuy, hnh dung kho cao. Ng phu kien nhi van chi viet:T phi Tam l ai phu
d? Ha co ch t?.
Khuat Nguyen viet:The nhan giai troc, nga oc thanh; chung nhan giai tuy,
nga oc tnh, th d kien phong.
Ng phu viet:Thanh nhan bat ngng tre vat, nhi nang d the thoi di. The
nhan giai troc, ha bat quat ky ne nhi dng ky ba? Chung nhan giai tuy, ha bat bo
ky tao nhi suyet ky si? Ha co tham t cao c, t linh phong vi?.
Khuat Nguyen viet:Ngo van chi: tan moc gia, tat an quan; tan duc gia tat
chan y; an nang d than chi sat sat, thu vat chi mon mon gia ho?! Ninh pho Tng
lu, tang giang ng chi phuc trung, hu an nang d hao hao chi bach nhi mong the
chi tran ai ho?!
Ng phu hoan nh nhi tieu, co due nhi kh. Nai ca viet :
Thng Lang chi thuy thanh he, kha d trac nga anh;
Thng Lang chi thuy troc he, kha d trac nga tuc.
Toai kh, bat phuc d ngon.
Lao chai
Sau khi b ay, Khuat Nguyen dao chi ben song, va i va ngam ben b
am, ve mat hoc hac, hnh dang gay guoc. Lao chai trong thay, hoi rang :
- Ngai khong phai la quan Tam l ai phu o ? V sao en noi nay?.
Khuat Nguyen ap :
- Ngi i eu uc, rieng mnh toi trong; moi ngi eu say, rieng mnh toi
tnh, v the b ay.
Lao chai noi :
- Thanh nhan khong ngng ong v s vat, ma co the di oi theo i. Ngi
i eu uc, sao ong khong khuay bun khua song? Moi ngi eu say, sao ong khong
an ba uong hem? Tai sao lai ngh nhieu, cao, e b ay oa?.
Khuat Nguyen noi :
- Toi nghe :Va goi xong, at phai phui mu ; va tam xong, at phai giu
ao.Ha nen em tam than trong trang ma chu s nh ban cua s vat?! Tha rang en
song Tng, chon mnh trong bung ca, ch au nen em tam long thanh khiet ma
chu bu bam cua coi i?!
Lao chai mm ci, go vao mai cheo ma i. Hat rang :
Nc song Thng Lang trong he, co the lay giat giai mu ta;
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 20 -
Nc song Thng Lang uc he, co the lay ra chan ta.

Roi bo i, khong noi vi na.
Nguyen Du va Khuat Nguyen:
Qua Tng am ieu
Tng am ieu Tam L ai phu
Quan Tam L ai phu
Ky nhat
Hai nghn nam vang ngi sa c,
Hieu tu nhan kh nh thien tai,
Ni ay con thm nc ch lan.
Th a do van lan ch hng.
Ba nam at trch phu phang,
Tong quoc tam nien bi phong truc,
S T muon thua r rang van chng.
S T van co thien van chng.
Song ca rong nam xng khon gi,
Ng long giang thng vo tan cot,
Bai hoa long tram th co thm.
o nhc chau bien hu chung phng
Ni nao gi moi thng tam!
Cc muc thng tam ha x th?
La thu gio rung neo tam Nguyen Tng.
Thu phong lac moc qua Nguyen Tng
Ky nh
S quoc oan hon oan th trung,
Yen ba nhat vong dieu ha cung.
Trc giao hien lenh hanh thien ha,
Ha hu Ly Tao ke Quoc phong?
Thien co thuy nhan lien oc tnh,
T phng ha x thac co trung?
Can thi moi hieu vi ky phuc,
S boi tieu lan canh bat ong.
Phan chieu hon
Hon he ! hon he ! ho bat qui ?
ong tay nam bac vo s y.
Thng thien ha a giai bat kha,
Yen Dnh thanh trung lai ha vi?
Thanh quach do th, nhan dan phi,
Tran ai con con o nhan y.
Xuat gia khu xa, nhap c toa,
Toa am lap ngh giai Cao, Qui.
Bat lo trao nha d giac oc,
Giao tc nhan nhuc cam nh di !
Quan bat kien Ho Nam so bach chau,
Ch hu sau tch vo sung ph.
Hon he ! hon he ! suat th ao
Tam Hoang chi hau phi ky th,
Tao liem tinh than phan Thai cc.
Than vat tai phan linh nhan si,
Hau the nhan nhan giai Thng quan,
ai a x x giai Mch La.
Ng long bat thc sai ho thc,
Ni ay chon hon oan S quoc,

Mat muon trung khoi nc chi vi.
V ban hien lenh xuong i,
Ly Tao au e noi li Quoc phong?
Hon oc tnh ai long tng ti,
Niem co trung biet gi phng nao?
i nay chuong la xiet bao,
eo lan giat ngoc nhng nao giong xa
(Quach Tan dch)
Chong baiChieu hon
Hon hi hon sao khong ve ch?
Khap phng tri khong cho ta nng
Len tri xuong at het ng,
Ma thanh Yen Dnh ch mng e chan
Thanh quach the nhan dan khac han,
Bui bay trong nh ban ao ngi.
Venh vang xe co lau ai,
ng ngoi ban tan sanh vai Cao, Qui.
Ho ngoai mat khong tho nanh vuot,
Cau xe ngi nhai nuot ngot ngon.
Ho Nam kia may tram chom,
Gay com x xac khong con tht da !
Neu hon c thiet tha loi trc,
Sau Tam Hoang khong c hp thi.
Chi bang sm lieu chau tri,
Ch ve ay na ma ngi qu quang.
i sau ho Thng quan het thay,
Khap ni ni dong chay Mch La.
Ca khong ra, hum cung tha,
Hon i ! hon hi ! biet la lam sao?
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Hon he ! hon he ! nai hon ha !

Bien Gia
Bat thiep Ho Nam ao,
An tri Tng thuy tham?
Bat oc Hoai sa phu
An thc Khuat Nguyen tam?
Khuat Nguyen tam, Tng giang thuy
Thien thu van thu thanh kien e.
Co kim an ac ong tam nhan,
Gia sinh nhat phu o vi nh.
Liet n tong lai bat nh phu,
Ha ac the the tng cu chau?
V tat co nhan tri hu nga,
Nhan trung Tng thuy khong du du !
- 21 (Theo ban dch cu)
Bac lai Gia Ngh

Khong i qua Ho Nam,
Lam sao biet c song Tng sau.
Khong oc bai phuHoai sa,
Lam sao biet c long Khuat Nguyen.
Long Khuat Nguyen, nc song Tng
Nghn nam van nam trong suot ay.
Xa nay ke ong tam c may ngi?
Bai phu Gia Ngh cung ch la vo ch.
Liet n xa nay ch th mot chong,
Sao phai tat ta i khap chn chau?
V tat ngi xa a biet co ta?
Trc mat, song Tng c lang le troi.
PHAN OC THEM
Truyen Khuat Nguyen
Khuat Nguyen ten la Bnh, cung ho vi vua S, ta o cua S Hoai vng. Ong
la ngi hoc rong, ch hung, am tng le quoc gia tr loan va rat gioi ve t lenh.
chon trieu nh th ong ban tnh viec nc vi vua e ban hanh cac hieu lenh; ngoai
chon trieu nh th ong tiep ai tan khach va ng oi vi ch hau. Vua S rat tn
nhiem ong.
ong hang vi ong co quan Thng quan ai phu(ten la Can Thng) cung
muon c vua yeu va ngam ngam ganh t, co y muon lam giam gia tai nang ong.
Hoai vng giao cho ong cong viec d thao cac ieu luat; co lan ban thao viet cha
xong han th Thng quan ai phu trong thay va muon chiem oat nhng ong khong
chu. V chuyen o ma Thng quan ai phu giem pha vi vua S rang:
-Be ha sai Khuat Bnh thao hien lenh, ieu o chang ai la khong biet. Moi khi
mot sac lenh ban hanh la Bnh khoe cong, bao: Khong co ta th khong ai lam noi.
Vua gian, xa dan va bai chc Khuat Bnh. Khuat Bnh au long v noi vua
thieu sang suot, b li giem pha lam lu lap e cho thoi gian ta lam hai viec cong va
li ngay thang khong c dung nap. Cho nen ong sinh lo buon, viet nen tap Ly Tao,
noi len niem xot xa v nhng viec bat nh y ma mnh a gap phai.
Tri la khi thuy cua loai ngi, cha me la nguon goc cua than ta; con ngi
gap bc ng cung th ngh en coi re, cho nen cha bao gi kho nhoc, met moi en
cc o ma khong keu tri; cha bao gi au n tham thng ma ngi ta khong keu
cha me. Khuat Bnh thang bc theo con ng ngay, mot da trung thanh, dung het
tai tr e th vua, the ma van b ngi ta giem pha ly gian, van menh nh vay co the
noi la gap hoi cung. Thanh tn ma b nghi ng, trung thc ma b ph bang th co the
nao khong hn oan c khong? Khuat Bnh viet tap Ly Tao, y han la oan han i
mnh khong gap c c hoi tot. Th Quoc Phong la th hieu sac ma khong dam
ang, th Tieu Nha cam li huy bang ma khong noi loan. en nh th Ly Tao th
co the noi c rang va co chat Quoc Phong va co chat Tieu Nha. Thoat au noi
t e Coc, cuoi cung noi en Te Hoan cong, khoang gia thuat lai viec vua Thang
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 22 -
vua Vu, vi dung y che trach s tnh ang xay ra luc bay gi va thuyet minh cho cao
rong cua ao c; duyen do tr loan nhat nhat c trnh bay mot cach rot rao, co
mach lac au uoi, khong may may thieu sot; van chng that gian c, li le that te
nh; ch kh ong cao khiet, pham hanh ong thanh liem. Van the tuy thuoc loai tieu
pham, nhng dung y cc ky ln lao; nhng t du a ra th thien can thoi, nhng y
ngha cha ng th that la sau rong. Ch kh ong cao khiet, cho nen ong noi nhieu
en hoa thm co la, pham hanh ong thanh liem nen en chet ong van khong hoi tiec;
xo vao bun nh, ong t got tr nen trong sach, khac nao than ve vay ban, thoat xac
khoi vong o troc, lang lang ngoai coi tran ai, chang con dnh dap vi cai d day cua
cuoc i, trang ngan, trong gia, ung la gan bun ma chang hoi tanh mui bun. Xet
t ch hng ong xet i, vinh quang ong co the gianh phan sang lang vi anh mat
trang, mat tri.
Sau khi Khuat Bnh b bai chc, nc Tan nh anh nc Te. Nc Te von
ket than vi nc S. Tan Hue vng thay vay lay lam lo, sai Trng Nghi gia v
pham toi, s b trng phat nen tron khoi nc Tan, em nhieu le vat va cua lam tin
chay sang xin th nc S, noi vi vua S:
-Nc Tan chung toi rat gian nc Te, nhng nc Te lai rat than thien vi
nc S cua ai vng. Neu nh nc S tuyet giao vi nc Te th nc Tan xin
dang at Thng O rong sau tram dam.
S Hoai vng tham at va tin li Trng Nghi, ben tuyet giao vi Te va sai
s sang Tan nhan at, Trng Nghi trao tr noi:
-Nghi toi noi vi vua S la 6 dam, ch lam g co chuyen 600 dam bao gi !
S gia gian bo i, ve tau lai vi vua S. S Hoai vng ca gian, cat ai quan
anh Tan. Tan xuat quan ng chien, pha tan quan S an Chiet, chem tam van
chiec au, bat song tng S la Khuat Cai va chiem at Han Trung cua S. Hoai
vng tc toc doc toan quan keo sau vao at Tan anh nhau Lam ien. Hay tin,
nc Nguy lien anh up S, tien ti at ang; quan S s, phai rut t at Tan ve. Te
gian S tuyet giao vi mnh nen bo mac khong cu. S nguy to. Nam sau, Tan cat at
Han Trung cho S e giang hoa. Vua S noi:
-Khong dam xin at, ch xin c Trng Nghi la ha long.
Nghe tin ay, Trng Nghi tau vi vua Tan:
-Mot Trng Nghi ma oi c ca at Han Trung th xin cho Nghi toi sang
S.
en S, Trng Nghi lai em nhieu le vat hoi lo Can Thng va bay mu cay
sung c cua Hoai vng la Trnh Tu noi giup. Rot cuoc Hoai vng nghe li Trnh
Tu ma tha Trng Nghi.
Luc o Khuat Bnh a b bai chc, khong con tham d trieu chnh va b c i
s Te. Te ve, ong can Hoai vng:
-Sao khong giet Trng Nghi i?
Hoai vng hoi, sai uoi theo bat Trng Nghi lai nhng khong kp. Sau o,
cac hau quoc hp lc anh S, ca pha quan S va giet chet tng S la ng Muoi.
Bay gi Tan Chieu vng a ket than lam re S. Chieu vng mi Hoai vng sang
Tan hoi kien. Hoai vng muon i. Khuat Nguyen noi:
-Tan la nc oc ac nh hum soi, khong tin c, chi bang khong i th hn.
Con nho cua Hoai vng la T Lan th lai khuyen nen i, bao:
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 23 -
-Sao lai lam cho vua Tan khong vui?

Rot cuoc, Hoai vng i. Hoai vng vao Vu Quan, Tan cho quan mai phuc
chan hau, gi lai khong cho ve, e buoc S phai cat at cho Tan. Hoai vng noi
gian, khong chu, len tron sang nc Trieu. Trieu khong cho , Hoai vng lai phai
quay ve Tan va sau chet ay, thay c a ve chon tren at S.
Con trng cua Hoai vng la Khoanh Tng vng len ngoi. Khoanh Tng
vng cho em ruot la T Lan lam lenh doan. Dan S qui cho T Lan cai toi a
khuyen Hoai vng sang Tan e roi en noi mot i khong tr ve.
Khuat Bnh tuy gian Hoai vng, song khi b phong truc, long lan nh nc
S va luon luon ngh en Hoai vng, luc nao cung muon tr ve, nhng mong mot
ngay nao o, vua se tnh ngo, thoi i se oi thay. Tac long muon cho vua hien, nc
kha, tac long ay khac khoai khong thoi, cho nen trong mot thien sach, ba lan ong
nhac nh ti. Nhng chung quy van khong tm c cach the, thanh ra van khong the
tr ve, u hieu thuy chung Hoai vng van khong tnh ngo. Pham la vua, bat luan la
tr hay ngu, hien c hay khong hien c, co ai lai chang muon tm cho c bay toi
trung e bao ve mnh, cat nhac ngi hien tai e giup mnh. Vay ma nhng ong
vua lam cho quoc pha gia vong c ke tiep nhau het ong nay en ong khac, con cac
ang thanh quan a c quoc gia en cho thnh tr th hang bao nhieu i khong
gap. Ly do ch la v ngi vua cho la trung, that ra lai chang trung; ngi vua cho la
hien, that ra lai chang hien. Cung v khong biet phan biet the nao la bay toi trung,
cho nen Hoai vng ben trong b Trnh Tu me hoac, ben ngoai b Trng Nghi la
doi, ruong bo Khuat Bnh ma tin dung Thng quan ai phu va lenh doan T Lan,
e en noi thua tran, hao at, mat sau quan, chnh mnh bo xac at Tan, lam tro
ci cho thien ha. Ay cai hoa khong biet dung ngi la nh the ay. Kinh Dch noi :
Gieng ban chang uong, long ta lo au. Co the muc nc(o i cho sach). Vua ma
sang suot(hieu ro le ay), toan dan c nh. Vua a chang sang suot, th con mong
ch noi g?
Ve sau, hay tin Khuat Bnh khong bang long mnh, lenh doan T Lan noi
gian, xui Thng quan ai phu noi xau Khuat Bnh vi Khoanh Tng vng.
Khoanh Tng vng gian, ay Khuat Bnh i xa. Khuat Nguyen i ti ben song, xoa
toc, ngam th, lang thang doc theo cac am nc, mat may tieu tuy, hnh dung kho
et. Mot lao anh ca gap ong, hoi:
-Ong khong phai la quan Tam L ai phu ay ? C sao lai en chon nay?
Khuat Nguyen noi:
-i uc, mnh ta trong; i say, mnh ta tnh, cho nen ta b ruong bo.
Lao chai noi:
-a la bac thanh nhan th chang chu e cho ngoai vat can ngan, rang buoc
ma co the cung thi the oi thay. i uc ? sao ta chang theo dong ma khuay
song? i say ? sao ta chang hup ru nhat va nuot hem? Can chi ma kh kh giat
vien ngoc can, nam vien ngoc du e cho ngi i ruong bo.
Khuat Nguyen noi:
-Toi nghe noi: mi goi au th at phai sa lai mu cho ngay ngan; mi tam ra
th at phai xoc lai ao cho chnh te. Pham la ngi, co ai lai chu e cho tam than
trong sach vay ban giay nh ? Chang tha nhay quach xuong song ma gi mnh ni
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 24 -
bung ca cho roi, ch sao lai anh tam e cho tam than trang phau phau kia b i
lam lem luoc?
Ong ben lam bai phu Hoai sa, li van co oan nh tren. Roi ong om mot
tang a, nhay xuong song Mch La ma t tram.
Sau khi Khuat Nguyen mat, th co bon Tong Ngoc, ng Lac va Canh Sai
eu la nhng ngi gioi t chng va noi tieng ve tai lam phu, nhng van la rap theo
khuon mau cua Khuat Nguyen. Tuy nhien, khong co mot ngi nao con dam thang
li can gian na. T o tr i, nc S mat dan at, va rot cuoc may chuc nam sau,
b nc Tan kiem tnh.
Khuat Nguyen nhay xuong song Mch La c hn mot tram nam th, di
trieu Han, co Gia sinh lam Thai pho Trng Sa, khi i ngang qua Tng Thuy, co
nem xuong song mot bai van ieu Khuat Nguyen.
Thai s cong noi:
Toi oc tap Ly Tao, en may thien Thien van, Chieu hon, Ai Dnh, thng
cho ch hng Khuat Nguyen; tren ng i Trng Sa, nhn cho ong tram mnh, lan
nao cung nho le, tng tng hnh bong ong. en khi oc bai ieu van cua Gia sinh,
toi lai rat lay lam la rang Khuat Nguyen tai nang nh the ma sao khi ong chu du cac
nc, lai khong mot nc nao dung ong, e en noi than lam canh ay ! oc xong bai
phu Phuc ieu, trong o t sinh c ong nhat, kh tu c xem khinh, ta lai
sng sot nh va bng tnh vay.
(Gian Chi Nguyen Hu Van dch)
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 25 -
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 26 -
TIET 3 : TAN VAN THI TIEN TAN

Van hoc Trung Quoc thi tien Tan, ngoai hai thanh tu ln Kinh Thi va S
t, tan van triet hoc va tan van lch s thi nay cung at en nh cao nghe thuat,
nhat la nhng mau truyen ngu ngon. Tac gia cua bo phan van hoc nay la bach gia
ch t, song vao thi Xuan thu - Chien quoc.
Theo Han th cua Ban Co, bach gia ch t gom 104 ngi vi 189 trc tac.
Trong so nay co rat nhieu tac pham b that lac mot phan hoac b that lac hoan toan
hoac la nguy tac cua ngi i sau.
Bach gia ch t c chia lam 9 nha (tr tieu thuyet gia) goi la cu lu:
Nho gia, ao gia, Mac gia, Danh gia, Am dng gia, Phap gia, Tung hoanh gia,
Nong gia va Tap gia.
Sau ay la mot so tac gia va tac pham tieu bieu:
1.3.1.- TAN VAN TRIET HOC va LUAN THUYET:

1.3.1.1-NHO GIA:
-Khong T(551-479 trc Tay lch):
Huy la Khau, t la Trong Ni, ngi ap Trau, lang Xng Bnh, nc Lo(nay la huyen Khuc
Phu, tnh Sn ong).
Nam 532 trc CN, lam chc uy lai trong coi kho thoc roi lam chc t chc lai coi viec
chan nuoi nc Lo.
Sau hn 30 nam xuat chnh, co luc gi en chc vu quyen te tng khien Lo hung cng
thnh tr. Roi Lo nh cong lam ke ly gian cua Te, say me n nhac, tre nai trieu chnh nen ong t
chc.
Nam 496 trc CN, Khong t ri nc Lo, chu du liet quoc nhng cung khong c ch hau
trong dung.
Nam 484 trc CN Khong t tr ve Lo, chuyen tam vao viec trc thuat: san nh kinh Thi,
Th; hieu nh kinh Le, Nhac; viet li giai thch kinh Dch va bien soan kinh Xuan Thu.
Khong t mat vao thang 4, nam th 16 i Lo Ai Cong, tho 73 tuoi.
Nhng tac pham do Khong T san nh, bien soan hoac do cac mon e cua ngai bien soan
hay ghi chep lai phan ln thuoc vao loai tan van triet hoc nh Kinh Dch, Kinh Le, ai hoc, Trung
dung, Luan ng, Manh tcon Kinh Th, Kinh Xuan Thu thuoc tan van lch s.
Ha chnh manh ho
Khong t qua Thai sn trac, hu phu nhan khoc mo gia nhi ai. Phu t thc
thnh chi, s T Lo van chi viet: T chi khoc da, nhat t trung hu ai gia? Nai
viet: Nhien. Tch gia ngo cu t ho, ngo phu hu t yen, kim ngo t hu t yen.
Phu t viet: Ha vi bat kh da?. Viet: Vo ha chnh. Phu t viet: Tieu t ch chi.
Ha chnh manh ho da.
Chnh sach ha khac tan bao hn cop
Khong T i qua ben nui Thai Sn. Co mot ngi an ba khoc ben mo rat
tham thng. Phu t cui au xuong tam go ben xe ma nghe, sai T Lo hoi rang:
Tieng khoc cua ba dng nh co nhieu noi au buon?. Ngi an ba lien tra li
rang: ung the. Ngay trc cha chong toi chet v cop, chong toi cung chet v cop,
nay con toi lai chet v cop. Phu t noi rang: Tai sao ba khong bo i?. Ngi an
ba ap: V khong co chnh sach ha khac. Phu t noi rang: Cac tro ghi nh lay
ieu o.Chnh sach ha khac tan bao hn cop.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
-Manh T(372-239 trc Tay lch):
- 27 (Tran Trong San dch)
Huy la Kha, von dong doi hoang toc Manh Ton th nc Lo, sau di sang nc Trau(nay la
huyen Trau, tnh Sn ong). Cha mat sm, moi viec nuoi day eu nh me la Manh mau, noi tieng
la me hien biet giao duc con cai thanh nhan.
Co cong noi ch Khong t, hoang dng Nho giao, c ton xng la A thanh. Noi tieng vi
thuyet tnh thien. Co t tng i trc thi ai: Dan vi quy, xa tac th chi, quan vi khinh.
Gioi tai bien thuyet, co tai van chng, trc tac sach Manh t, gom 7 thien (Lng Hue
vng, ang Van cong, Ly Lau, Van Chng, Cao t, Tan tam moi thien lai chia lam 2 phan
thng va ha), c anh gia la tac pham co gia tr nghe thuat nhat cua kinh ien Nho gia.
1.Yen mieu tr trng

Tong nhan hu man ky mieu chi bat trng nhi yen chi gia, mang mang
nhien qui, v ky nhan viet:Kim nhat benh hy; d tr mieu trng hy. Ky t xu nhi
vang th chi, mieu tac cao hy.
Nhm goc cho lua chong ln
Nc Tong co ngi lo cho lua khong ln nen nho len, met nhoc tr ve nha,
bao v rang: Hom nay met qua, ta giup cho lua chong ln. a con trai chay ra
xem th lua a heo het roi.
(Nguyen Thanh Chau dch)
2.Te nhan hu nhat the nhat thiep
Te nhan hu nhat the nhat thiep nhi x that gia.
Ky lng nhan xuat tac tat tu nhuc nhi hau phan. Ky the van s d am
thc gia, tac tan phu quy da.
Ky the cao ky thiep viet: Lng nhan xuat, tac tat tu nhuc nhi hau phan,
van ky am thc gia, tan phu quy da, nhi v thng hu hien gia lai. Ngo tng ham
lng nhan chi s chi da.
Tao khi th tong lng nhan chi s chi, bien quoc trung vo d lap am gia.
Tot chi ong quach ban gian chi te gia, khat ky d; bat tuc hu co nhi chi tha. Th
ky vi tuc chi ao da.
Ky the qui, cao ky thiep viet: Lng nhan gia, s ngng vong chi chung
than gia da; kim nhc th. D ky thiep san ky lng nhan nhi tng khap vu
trung nh, nhi lng nhan v chi tri da, thi thi tong ngoai lai, kieu ky the thiep.
Do quan t quan chi, tac nhan chi s d cau phu quy li at gia, ky the thiep
bat tu da, nhi bat lng khap gia, c hi hy.
V ca v le ngi nc Te
Ngi nc Te co hai v, mot ca mot le, cung vi nhau mot nha. Ngi
chong ngay nao cung ra i, no say roi mi ve. Ngi v ca hoi chong an uong vi ai
th ap la i an toan vi bac giau sang.
V ca bao vi v le: Chong chung ta ra i th no say roi mi ve, hoi an uong
vi nhng ai th ap la toan vi bac giau sang ma cha tng thay mot ngi giau
sang nao en chi nha. Toi muon rnh xem chang i au.
Hom sau day sm, v ca len theo chong, i khap ni chang thay ai ng tro
chuyen vi chong mnh. Sau cung thay ngi chong en pha ong ngoai thanh, ni
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 28 -
co am te le cat ma, xin an cm tha canh can; cha no lai nghenh co i tm cho
khac. S d chang no say la nh cach ay.
Ngi v ca ve bao vi v le: Chong chung ta la ngi cho ch em mnh
trong cay suot i, ma nay nh vay o !. V ca ke xau chong vi v le roi ca hai om
nhau khoc trong san gia; ngi chong khong biet, hn h t ngoai ve, lai len mat
kieu vi v na.
C nh bac quan t ma xem xet th con ngi ta s d mong cau li loc giau
sang ma v con khong xau ho, khong om nhau khoc loc th hau nh hiem co lam
thay.
(Nguyen Hien Le dch)
-Tuan T (315-236 trc Tay lch):
Ten la Huong, t la Khanh, ngi nc Trieu, song the ky th 3 trc CN, von theo ao
Khong, co tinh than khoa hoc, lap luan chac chan, t tng co khac Manh T. Ong cho tnh ngi
von ac, neu no c thien la nh s day do, nen ong khuyen chung ta tch thien va dung le nhac e
tiet che tnh duc. Ong khong can biet co tri hay khong, chu trng lay nhan s lam goc, lai co oc
bai xch d oan, khuyen ngi ta ng s set cung lay tri at ma c lam het bon phan la se c
hng phuc.
Ve trc thuat co sach Tuan t gom 32 thien va mot so bai phu.Van ong gian d, m ng
cho loi ngh luan co chng c sau nay.
Thien luan
Tinh truy, moc minh, quoc nhan giai cung, viet: Th ha da?. Viet: Vo ha
da. Thien a chi bien, am dng chi hoa, vat chi han ch gia da; quai chi kha da
nhi uy chi phi da.
Phu, nhat nguyet chi hu thc, phong vu chi bat thi, quai tinh chi ang
hien, th vo the nhi bat thng hu chi. Thng minh nhi chnh bnh, tac th tuy tnh
the khi, vo thng da. Thng am nhi chnh hiem, tac th tuy vo nhat ch gia, vo
ch da.
Phu tinh chi truy, moc chi minh, th thien a chi bien, am dng chi hoa, vat
chi han ch gia da, quai chi kha da, nhi uy chi phi da. Vat chi d ch da, nhan yeu
tac kha uy da. Kho canh thng gia, van nau that tue, chnh hiem that dan, ien ue
gia ac, ch quy dan c, ao lo hu t nhan, phu th chi v nhan yeu. Chnh lenh bat
minh, c the bat tho, ban s bat ly, phu th chi v nhan yeu. Le ngha bat tu, noi
ngoai vo biet, nam n dam loan, th phu t tng nghi, nam n quai ly, khau nan
tnh ch, phu th chi v nhan yeu. Yeu th sinh loan. Tam gia thac, vo an quoc. Ky
thuyet tham nh, ky tai tham tham...
Truyen viet: Van vat chi quai, th bat thuyet. Vo dung chi bien, bat cap
chi sat, kh nhi bat tr. Nhc phu quan than chi ngha, phu t chi than, phu phu chi
biet, tac nhat thiet tha nhi bat xa da.
Luan ve tri at
Khi thay sao sa, cay keu, ngi trong nc ai cung s, hoi: The la lam
sao?. ap: Khong sao ca. Nhng cai o la cai bien hoa cua tri at, am dng, la
s t xay ra cua van vat; cho la quai la th nen, ma lo s th khong nen.
Mat tri mat trang co khi an lan nhau, ma gio co khi khong hp thi, nhng
ngoi sao la co khi hien tng chum, nhng cai o khong thi nao khong thay. Ngi
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 29 -
tren sang suot ma chnh tr phai le th du tat ca nhng cai quai la eu xuat hien th
cung khong sao. Ngi tren m am ma chnh tr hiem ac, th du khong co quai la nao
xuat hien cung khong hay g.
Sao sa, cay keu, o la cai bien hoa cua tri at, am dng, la s t xay ra cua
van vat, cho la quai la th nen ma lo s th khong nen. Nhng cai o xay ra roi ma
loai ngi lai co nhng viec quai g th mi ang lo s. at kho cay khong c, hai
cho viec cay cay l mua; chnh tr hiem ac mat long dan, ruong ay co, lua khong
tot, gao at, dan oi, tren ng co thay ngi, o la nhng quai g cua loai ngi.
Chnh lenh khong ro rang, lam viec khong hp luc, viec mnh khong lo, o la nhng
quai g cua ngi. Le ngha khong sa, trong ngoai khong phan biet, trai gai dam
loan th cha con nghi nhau, v chong xa la nhau, giac cp noi len, o la nhng
quai g cua ngi. Quai g do loan ma sinh. Ba viec cay cay, chnh lenh, le ngha
ma lam l th nc khong yen. Nhng cai o la viec rat gan ma hai rat sau...
Kinh truyen noi: Nhng cai quai la cua van vat, sach khong chep. Ban ti
vo ch, khong phai viec gap ma xet ti, bo i ng noi. Con nh ngha vua toi, tnh
cha con, ao v chong la nhng ieu can thiet moi ngay khong bo c.
1.3.1.2-AO GIA:
-Trang T(369-298 trc Tay lch):
Nhan vat th 3 cua phai ao gia, sau Dng Chu vaLao t.
Trang t Huy la Chu, ngi at Mong, nc Tong, tng lam chc lai tai Tat Vien. S Uy
vng nghe tieng, mi ra lam quan, nhng ong t choi.
Ve trc tac, ong ng au bach gia ch t thi Xuan thu - Chien quoc vi Nam hoa kinh
con goi la Trang T, mot trong 6 tac pham co ien kiet xuat c Kim Thanh Than ton xng la luc
tai t.
Nam hoa kinh gom 33 thien: 7 noi thien, 15 ngoai thien va 11 tap thien. Ngoai thien va tap
thien co nhieu cho pha tap, mau thuan nhau, co le do ngi i sau viet. Noi thien nhat quan ve noi
dung t tng, thuan nhat ve phong cach nghe thuat nhat la cac thien Tieu dao du, Te vat luan,
Dng sinh chu..., chac la cua chnh Trang Chu.
Nam hoa kinh la tac pham triet hoc mang nhieu gia tr van hoc. Li van trau chuot bong
bay, sc tng tng doi dao phong phu, a dung nhieu thu phap nghe thuat ngu ngon, trung ngon
va chi ngon, xng danh la mot kiet tac.
1.Ho iep chi mong

Tch gia, Trang Chu mong vi ho iep, hu hu nhien ho iep da, t du thch
ch d bat tri Chu da. Nga nhien giac, tac c c nhien Chu da. Bat tri Chu chi mong
vi ho iep d? Ho iep chi mong vi Chu d? Chu d ho iep, tac tat hu phan hy.
Th chi v vat hoa.
Giac mong ho iep
Xa Trang Chu chiem bao thay mnh la bm, hn h vui phan lam bm, t
thay thch ch khong con biet co Trang Chu na. Cht tnh giac, lai nhn nhn t ac
mnh la Trang Chu. Khong biet Trang Chu chiem bao la bm? Hay bm chiem
bao la Trang Chu? Trang Chu va bm at phai co danh phan khac nhau. o goi la
vat hoa.
2.Sinh t
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 30 -
Le chi C, ngai phong nhan chi t da. Tan quoc chi thuy ac chi da, the
khap triem can. Cap ky ch vng s, d vng ong khuong sang, thc so hoan,
nhi hau hoi ky khap da. D o ho tri phu t gia bat hoi ky thuy chi ky sinh ho?
Le song chet
Le C la mot thieu n xinh ep co tai th van. Luc vua Tan mi thu nap, nang
khoc nc mat t am ao khan. Kp khi en hoang cung, cung vua ong sang, nem
mui phu quy, lai hoi han giot le ngay trc. Ta biet au ke chet lai khong hoi han v
mnh trc ay a mong c song lau?
3.An tri ng lac
Trang t d Hue t du hao lng chi thng. Trang t viet: Du ng xuat
du thung dung, th ng lac da. Hue t viet: T phi ng, an tri ng chi lac? Trang
t viet: T phi nga, an tri nga bat tri ng chi lac? Hue t viet: Nga phi t, co bat
tri t hy. T co phi ng da, t chi bat tri ng chi lac toan hy. Trang t viet: Thnh
tuan ky ban. T viet: nh an tri ng lac van gia, ky d tri ngo tri chi nhi van nga.
Nga tri chi hao thng da.
Sao biet niem vui cua ca?
Trang t cung Hue t dao chi tren cau hao. Trang t noi: Ca du thong tha
ra chi, o la niem vui cua ca. Hue t noi: Bac khong phai la ca, th lam sao biet
niem vui cua ca? Trang t noi: (Vay th) bac khong phai la toi, lam sao biet rang
toi khong biet niem vui cua ca? Hue t noi: Toi khong phai la bac, th anh la
khong biet bac. Bac von khong phai la ca, th bac han la khong biet niem vui cua
ca. Trang t noi: Xin tr lai t goc. Bac noi: bac sao biet niem vui cua ca, the la
a biet rang toi biet, nen hoi toi. Con toi, toi biet niem vui o tren hao nay.
4.X thu
Hue t v Trang t viet: Ngo hu ai thu, nhan v chi x. Ky ai ban ung
thung nhi bat trung thang mac. Ky tieu chi quyen khuc nhi bat trung quy cu. Lap
chi o, tng gia bat co. Kim t chi ngon ai nhi vo dung, chung s ong kh da.
Trang t viet: T oc bat kien ly tinh ho? Ti than nhi phuc, d s ngao gia,
ong tay khieu lng, bat t cao ha, trung c tch, t vong co. Kim phu ly ngu,
ky ai nhc thien thuy chi van; th nang vi ai hy, nhi bat nang chap th. Kim t
hu ai thu, hoan ky vo dung, ha bat thu chi vo ha hu chi hng, quang mac chi
da, bang hoang ho vo vi ky trac, tieu dao ho tam ngoa ky ha, bat yeu can phu, vat
vo hai gia. Vo s kha dung, an s khon kho tai !
Cay X
Hue T noi vi Trang T rang: Toi co mot cay to, ngi ta goi no la cay x.
Goc to ln cua no xu x loi lom khong ung giay mc. Canh nho be cua no cong queo
khong ung khuon mau. em trong no ni ng i, ngi th moc chang ngoanh co
oai nhn. Nay li ong noi th to tat ln lao ma vo dung, nen ngi ngi eu bo
ngoai tai.
Trang T noi: Ong rieng chang thay con ho ly tinh o sao? No co mnh ng
nup e rnh vat i rong, nhay ong nhay tay, chang ne cao thap, roi giam vao ham
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 31 -
bay, chet trong li rap. Nay nh con trau rng kia, to ln nh am may ru ngang
tri, con vat o han thc la to nhng chang bat c chuot. Nay ong co cay ln lai lo
no vo dung, sao khong trong no vao ni khong co lang mac thon xom, gia chon
ong khong mong quanh e roi nhn nh ngoi ben canh ma chang lam g, thanh thi
nam khenh di goc cay. No se khong chet yeu v ru bua, cung khong s vat g lam
hai. No von la vat khong co cho e dung th sao lai b nguy khon c?.
5.Tieu dieu du
Bac minh hu ng, ky danh vi con. Con chi ai, bat tri ky ky thien ly da; hoa
nhi vi ieu, ky danh vi bang, bang chi boi, bat tri ky ky thien ly da. No nhi phi, ky
dc nhc thuy thien chi van. Th ieu da, hai van tac tng t Nam minh. Nam
minh da, thien tr da.
Te hai gia, ch quai gia da. Hai chi ngon viet: Bang chi t nam minh da,
thuy kch tam thien ly, oan phu dao nhi thng gia cu van ly, kh d luc nguyet
tc gia da.
Da ma da, tran ai da, sinh vat chi d tc tng xuy da.
Tieu dieu dao chi
Bien bac co loai ca ten la con. Ca con ln khong biet may ngan dam; hoa
thanh chim, goi la chim bang; lng chim bang ln khong biet may ngan dam. Chim
bang gian ma bay th canh no nh am may tren tri ru xuong. Con chim o, khi
bien Bac ong, di xuong bien Nam. Bien Nam la gieng cua tri vay. Sach Te hai la
sach chep truyen quai d. Sach ay noi rang chim bang di xuong bien Nam; ap nc
3000 dam, ung gio ma bay len 9 van dam, bay mot mach 6 thang mi ngh.
No bay nh vay ma co phai gang sc khong? Khong, van thanh thi, tieu dieu
nh con nga ngoai ong, hat bui trong khong, v het thay eu do hi cua tao vat
thoi ma bay chay c.
6.ong Thi hieu tan
Tay Thi benh tam nhi tan ky ly. Ky ly chi xu nhan kien nhi my chi, qui diec
phung tam nhi tan ky ly. Ky ly chi phu nhan kien chi, kien be mon nhi bat xuat, ban
nhan kien chi khiet the t nhi kh chi tau. B tri tan my, nhi bat tri tan chi s d my.
ong Thi bat chc chau may
Tay Thi mac chng au bung nen chau may. Ngi con gai xau x xom ben
thay ep, ve nha cung om bung chau may. Trong xom, ngi giau trong thay th ong
chat ca khong ra khoi nha, ngi ngheo th dat du v con bo chay. Co ay biet chau
may la ep ma khong biet nh the nao chau may mi ep.
7.Dng au ke chi thuat
Ky Sanh t v vng dng au ke. Thap nhat nhi van ke d ho? Viet: V
da, phng h kieu nhi th kh. Thap nhat hu van. Viet: V da, do ng hng
canh. Thap nhat hu van. Viet: V da, do tat th nhi thnh kh. Thap nhat hu
van. Viet: C h, ke tuy hu minh gia, d vo bien h; vong chi t moc ke h, ky c
toan h, d ke vo cam ng gia, phan tau h.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 32 -
Thuat nuoi ga choi

Ky Sanh nuoi ga choi cho vua. c 10 hom, vua hoi ga em choi c
cha?. ap: Cha, con kieu ma hung hang. Mi hom sau lai hoi. ap: Cha
c. Ga thay tieng, bong ga khac a muon choi roi, van con hang. Mi ngay sau
lai hoi. ap: Cha c, ga con thnh kh, trong ga khac con ghet. Mi ngay sau
lai hoi. ap: Gan c. Ga khac gay, ga mnh khong bien ong; coi th ta nh ga
go ma thc u cac tai, ga khac khong dam choi vi no, phai lui chay.
8. Trang Chu thai tuc
Trang Chu gia ban, co vang thai tuc Giam Ha hau. Giam Ha hau viet:
Nac. Nga tng ac ap kim, tng thai t tam bach kim, kha ho?.
Trang Chu phan nhien tac sac viet: Chu tac lai, hu trung ao nhi ho gia.
Chu co th xa triet trung, hu phu ng yen. Chu van chi viet: Phu ng lai ! T ha vi
gia da?. oi viet: Nga, ong Hai chi ba than da. Quan khi hu thang au chi
thuy nhi hoat nga tai?. Chu viet: Nac. Nga tha nam du Ngo Viet chi vng, kch
Tay giang chi thuy nhi nghinh t, kha ho?. Phu ng phan nhien tac sac viet: Nga
that nga thng d, nga vo s x. Ngo ac thang au chi thuy nhien hoat nh. Quan
nai ngon th, tang bat nh tao sach nga kho ng chi t !.
Trang Chu vay lua
Trang Chu nha ngheo nen en Giam Ha hau vay lua. Giam Ha hau tra li:
c. Ta sap co tien thue at thc ap, se cho ong vay 300 tien vang, c
khong?. Trang Chu gian, oi sac mat noi: Hom qua Chu toi en ay, tren ng
i nghe tieng keu cu, ngoanh lai nhn thay trong vet banh xe co con ca chep. Chu
toi hoi rang: Ka con ca chep kia ! Ngi lam g lai ay?. No ap rang: Toi la
than song bien ong Hai, ngai co the giup mot voc nc cho toi c song chang?.
Chu toi ap rang: c. Ta sap xuong phng Nam i du thuyet cac vua Ngo, vua
Viet; luc ve ta se em nc song Tay giang on ngi, c khong?. Ca giec noi
gian, oi sac mat, noi rang: Toi mat cho vung nc van thng song nen mi
khong co chon yen than, toi ch can mot voc nc la co the cu mang ma ngai lai noi
the, chang khac nao se sm tm gap toi ch ca kho.
9. Luan Bien luan oc th
Hoan Cong oc th ng thng. Luan Bien trac luan ng ha. Thch
chuy tac nhi thng, van Hoan cong viet: Cam van, cong chi s oc gia, ha ngon
da?. Cong viet: Thanh nhan chi ngon da. Viet: Thanh nhan tai ho?. Cong
viet: D t hy. Viet: Nhien tac quan chi s oc gia, co nhan chi tao phach d phu
!. Hoan Cong viet: Qua nhan oc th, luan nhan an ac ngh ho? Hu thuyet tac
kha, vo thuyet tac t.
Luan Bien viet: Than da d than chi s quan chi. Trac luan, t tac cam nhi
bat co, tat tac kho nhi bat nhap, bat t bat tat, ac chi thu nhi ng chi tam, khau
bat nang ngon, hu so ton yen ky gian. Than bat nang d du than chi t, than chi
t diec bat nang thu chi than, th d hanh nien that thap nhi lao trac luan. Co chi
nhan d ky bat kha truyen da t hy, nhien tac quan chi s oc gia, co chi nhan tao
phach d phu !
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 33 -
Luan Bien ban ve viec oc sach

Te Hoan cong ang oc sach tren cong ng, Luan Bien ngoi pha di eo
banh xe. Luan Bien bo chuy uc bc len, hoi Te Hoan cong rang: Dam hoi, ieu
chua cong oc la li noi cua ai vay?.
Hoan cong ap: o la li day cua thanh nhan.
Hoi: Thanh nhan con song chang?.
Hoan cong ap: Thanh nhan a chet roi.
Luan Bien noi: Vay th ieu chua cong oc ch la can ba cua thanh nhan
ma thoi.
Te Hoan cong noi: Qua nhan oc sach, ngi la th eo banh xe sao c
phep luan ban? Neu noi hp ly th ta tha cho, noi khong hp ly th ta buoc vao toi
chet.
Luan Bien noi rang: Than ay c lay viec lam cua than ma xem xet.
eo banh xe ma eo cham th luc tra vao de nhng khong chac, eo nhanh th tra vat
va ma khong vao khp, eo khong cham khong nhanh, c va tay thuan y, th ben
trong co b quyet ky xao mieng khong the ta thanh li, ha than khong the truyen day
cho con trai, ma con trai than cung khong hoc c tai nghe xao dieu cua than. V
the, tuoi than a bay mi ma van lam ong gia eo banh xe. Ngi xa cung vi
nhng ieu khong the truyen lai c a chet ca roi, the nen ieu chua cong oc
c ch la can ba cua ngi xa ma thoi.
10. Dng sinh chu
Ngo sinh da hu nhai, nhi tri da vo nhai. D hu nhai tuy vo nhai, ai d. D
nhi, vi tri gia ai nhi d hy. Vi thien vo can danh, vi ac vo can hnh, duyen oc d vi
kinh, kha d bao than, kha d toan sinh, kha d dng than, kha d tan nien.
Bao inh v Van Hue quan gai ngu. Thu chi s xuc, kien chi s y, tuc chi
s ly, tat chi s k, hoach nhien, hng nhien, tau ao mach nhien, mac bat trung
am, hp Tang Lam chi vu, nai trung Kinh Thu chi hoi.
Van Hue quan viet: Hy ! Thien tai ! Ky cai ch th ho?.
Bao inh thch ao oi viet: Than chi s hao gia, ao da. Tien ho ky hy.
Thuy, than chi giai ngu chi thi, s kien vo phi ngu gia. Tam nien chi hau, v
thng kien toan ngu da. Phng kim chi thi, than d than ngo, nhi bat d muc
ngo. Quan tri ch nhi than duc hanh, y ho thien ly. Phe ai khc, ao ai khoan.
Nhan ky co nhien, ky kinh khang khai chi v thng, nhi huong ai co ho. Lng
bao, tue canh ao, cat da. Toc bao, nguyet canh ao, triet da. Kim than chi ao,
thap cu nien hy; s giai so thien ngu hy nhi ao nhan nhc tan phat hnh. B
tiet gia hu gian, nhi ao nhan gia vo hau. D vo hau nhau hu gian, khoi khoi ho
ky du nhan tat hu d a hy. Th d thap cu nien nhi ao nhan nhc tan phat
hnh. Tuy nhien, moi ch toc, ngo kien ky nan vi. Hu nhien vi gii, th vi ch,
hanh vi tr, ong dao tham vi, hoach nhien d giai, nh tho uy a. e ao nhi lap,
vi chi t co, vi chi tru tr, man ch thien ao nhi tang chi.
Van Hue quan viet: Thien tai ! Ngo van Bao inh chi ngon, ac dng
sinh yen.
Thuat dng sinh
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 34 -
i ngi co b ben ma tr ngh th khong co b ben. Lay cai co b ben ma

theo cai khong b ben th nguy. a hieu biet ma khong gii han cai hieu biet, th ch
la nguy en than mnh.Lam viec thien khong en mc noi danh, lam viec ac khong
en mc phai toi, da vao chuan mc roi chiet trung gi ao thng, th co the bao
ve ban than, co the bao toan mang song, co the nuoi dng ke than thuoc, co the
song en het tuoi tri.
Bao inh mo trau cho vua Van Hue xem. Tay mo, ba vai ty, chan dam, au
goi ta. Tieng dao soan soat. Mui dao a en au la tieng xng rang rac la da,
am hng khong cho nao la khong hai hoa, hp nh ieu mua Tang Lam, lai ung
nh li ca Kinh Thu. Vua Van Hue khen: Oi chao ! Hay that! Tay nghe sao lai kheo
en the !.
Bao inh bo dao xuong, tau rang: S tuyet hao than co c la ao o, con
tay nghe kheo la do ao dan en ma thoi. Trc kia, luc than mi mo trau, trong vat
g cung eu la trau. Ba nam sau, khi mo, khong thay toan than trau na. Ngay nay,
khi mo trau, lay tinh than ma ngo ch khong lay mat nhn, ngu quan c ngh ngi
con tinh than th ch viec theo le t nhien cua thien ly. La mui dao trung vao cho
yeu hai, c nhan cai the co nhien san co ni au gan moi tht ma lt i, huong ho
xng lai to.au bep gioi, moi nam thay dao mot lan v dao cun. au bep thng,
moi thang thay dao mot lan v dao me. Nay dao cua than dung a mi chn nam, so
trau than mo a nghn con, ma dao van nh mi c mai. ot xng kia co cho h
ma dao lai chang day; lay dao mong a vao cho xng h at mui dao lt i thoan
thoat co tha. Ay la le v sao mi chn nam roi ma dao cua than van nh mi c
mai. Tuy nhien, moi khi mo en cho gan cot quan quyt, than van cam thay kho khan,
nen can than canh giac, mat dng lai nhn, tay a dao cham lai, mui dao lach i rat
vi dieu, mot thoang la a mo xong, (tht ra xuong) nh bun ri xuong at.
Noi xong, Bao inh cam dao ng day, nhn ra bon pha thoang ve do d roi
man long thoa ch v dao tot, em cat i. Vua Van Hue noi: Gioi thay ! Ta nghe li
noi cua Bao inh ma hieu c thuat dng sinh.
1.3.1.3-MAC GIA:
-Mac T
Ho Mac, huy la ch, sinh vao i Chu, khoang gia the ky th 5 trc CN, cung thi vi
Khong T.
Von ngi nc Tong phng Bac, bon tau khap ni, suot i tan tuy lo viec thien ha, ti
hoi au mon got. Ong cho thien ha loan ly kho s v loai ngi khong biet yeu thng lan nhau nen
chu trng kiem ai, chong chien tranh, ghet s xa x, song khac kho, cong kch thuyet le nhac cua
Khong t ma cung phan oi thuyet khinh ngi hien cua Lao T.
Van thuyet ly cua ong troi chay, ro rang, hay dan chng bang v du cu the va thng lay i
lay lai e lam noi bat noi dung, c xep vao loai giai pham.
Phi cong
Kim hu nhat nhan nhap nhan vien pho thiet ky ao ly, chung van tac phi
chi, thng vi chnh gia tac phat chi. Th ha da? D khuy nhan t li da. Ch nhng
nhan khuyen th ke on gia, ky bat ngha hu tham nhap nhan vien pho thiet ao
ly. Th ha co da? D khuy nhan du a, ky bat nhan t tham, toi ch hau. Ch nhap
nhan lan ky thu nhan ma ngu gia, ky bat nhan ngha hu tham nhng nhan
khuyen th ke on. Th ha co da? D ky khuy nhan du a. Cau khuy nhan du a, ky
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 35 -
bat nhan t tham, toi ch hau. Ch sat bat co nhan da, a ky y cau, thu qua kiem gia,
ky bat ngha hu tham nhap nhan lan ky thu nhan ngu ma. Th ha co da? D ky
khuy nhan du a. Cau khuy nhan du a, ky bat nhan t tham hy, toi ch hau. ng
th, thien ha chi quan t giai tri nhi phi chi, v chi bat ngha. Kim chi ai vi bat
ngha cong quoc, tac phat tri phi tong nhi d chi, v chi ngha. Th kha v tri ngha
d bat tri ngha chi biet ho?
Sat nhat nhan, v chi bat ngha, tat hu nhat t toi hy. Nhc d th thuyet
vang, sat thap nhan, thap trong bat ngha, tat hu thap t toi hy; sat bach nhan,
bach trong bat ngha, tat hu bach t toi hy. ng th, thien ha chi quan t giai tri
nhi phi chi, v chi bat ngha. Kim ch ai vi bat ngha cong quoc, tac phat tri phi,
tong nhi d chi, v chi ngha, tnh bat tri ky bat ngha da, co th ky ngon d di hau
the da. Nhc tri ky bat ngha da, phu he thuyet th ky bat ngha d di hau the tai?
Kim hu nhan th, thieu kien hac viet hac, a kien hac viet bach, tac d
th nhan bat tri bach hac chi bien hy; thieu thng kho viet kho, a thng kho viet
cam, tac tat d th nhan vi bat tri cam kho chi bien hy. Kim tieu vi phi tac tri nhi phi
chi, ai vi phi cong quoc, tac bat tri phi, tong nhi d chi, v chi ngha; th kha v tri
ngha d bat tri ngha chi bien ho!?
Th d tri thien ha chi quan t bien ngha d bat ngha chi loan da.
Tien quan anh nc ngi la sai trai
Nay co ke vao vn ngi ta hai trom ao man, ai nghe thay cung che, quan
bat c tat trng phat. Tai sao vay? Tai ke ay co loi lay cua ngi lam li cho
mnh. en nh git cho, ga, heo cua ngi th con bat ngha hn la vao vn hai
trom ao, man. Tai sao vay? Tai lay trom cua ngi cang nhieu th bat nhan cang
ln, toi cang nang. en nh vao chuong bat trau, nga cua ngi th toi bat nhan bat
ngha con hn git cho, ga, heo. Tai sao vay? Tai lay trom cua ngi nhieu hn. Lay
trom cua ngi nhieu hn th bat nhan cang ln, toi cang nang. en nh giet ngi
vo toi roi lot ao cp kh gii, bat ngha con hn la vao chuong bat trau, nga. Tai
sao vay? Tai cp cua ngi nhieu hn. Cp cua ngi nhieu hn th bat nhan cang
ln, toi cang nang. Nhng viec o, cac bac quan t trong thien ha eu biet la quay
ma che, bao la bat ngha. Nay cai viec ai bat ngha la anh nc ngi th khong
biet la quay ma lai khen, goi la ngha. Nh vay co the bao la phan biet c viec
ngha vi viec bat ngha khong?
Giet mot ngi th bao la bat ngha, phai chu mot t toi. C theo o ma suy
ra, giet 10 ngi th bat ngha nang gap 10, tat phai chu 10 t toi, giet 100 ngi th
bat ngha nang gap 100, tat phai chu 100 t toi. Nhng viec o, cac bac quan t
trong thien ha eu biet la quay ma che, bao la bat ngha. Nay cai viec ai bat ngha
la anh nc ngi th khong biet la quay, lai theo ma khen; qua thiet khong biet la
bat ngha, nen mi ghi cong tran e lai i sau. Neu biet la bat ngha th sao con
chep viec bat ngha ay ma e lai i sau?
Nay co mot ngi t thay cai en th bao la en, thay nhieu cai en th bao la
trang, th tat cho ngi o la khong biet phan biet en trang vay; nem t cai ang th
bao la ang, nem nhieu cai ang th bao la ngot, th tat cho ngi o la khong biet
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 36 -
phan biet ang ngot vay. Nay co ke lam viec quay nho th biet la quay ma che, lam
viec quay ln la anh nc ngi th khong biet la quay, lai theo ma khen, bao la
ngha; nh vay co the bao la biet phan biet viec ngha vi viec bat ngha khong?
Xet nh vay ta biet c rang cac bac quan t trong thien ha phan biet viec
ngha va viec bat ngha lam lan lam.
1.3.1.4-PHAP GIA:
-Han Phi (mat nam 233 trc Tay lch):
Von la cong t nc Han, khong ro nam sinh, ch biet mat nam 233 trc CN, tc nam th
14 i Tan Thuy Hoang.
Cung Ly T thu nghiep Tuan t, b khuyet tat noi lap nhng noi tieng co tai van chng,
c coi la tap ai thanh cua phai Phap gia.
Nam 233 trc CN, b Ly T ham hai, chet trong nguc.
Trc tac co sach Han Phi t gom 20 quyen, 55 thien. Nhng thien noi tieng nhat la Co
phan, Ngu o, Hien hoc, Thuyet lam, Thuyet nan...
1.Thu chau ai tho

Tong nhan hu canh ien gia. ien trung hu chau. Tho tau xuc chau, chiet
canh nhi t. Nhan thch ky loi nhi thu chau, ky phuc ac tho. Tho bat kha phuc ac
nhi than vi Tong quoc tieu.
Om cay i tho
Nc Tong co ngi cay ruong. Trong ruong co goc cay. Tho chay va vao
goc cay, gay co ma chet. Nhan o, ngi ay bo cay om goc cay, mong lai bat c
tho. Nhng tho th khong the lai bat c, ma ban than th b nc Tong che ci.
2.ao th xuy vu
Te Tuyen vng s nhan xuy vu, tat tam bach nhan. Nam quach x s thnh
v vng xuy vu, Tuyen vng duyet chi, lam thc d so bach nhan. Tuyen vng
t, Man vng lap, hieu nhat nhat thnh chi. X s ao, nhan d vi tnh.
Ngi ho ao thoi sao
Te Tuyen vng khien thoi sao, mot lt at en 300 ngi. Co ngi an s
pha nam thanh xin vua cho thoi sao. Te Tuyen vng bang long cho, cap dng an
uong en vai tram ngi. Tuyen vng mat, Man vng noi ngoi, thch nghe thoi sao
tng ngi mot. An s kia bo tron, nhan o goi anh ta la ho ao.
3.Mau thuan
S nhan hu chuc thuan d mau gia. D ky thuan viet: Ngo thuan chi kien,
vat mac nang ham da. Nga nhi hu d ky mau viet: Ngo mau chi li, vat vo bat
ham da.Nhan ng chi viet: D t chi mau, ham t chi thuan, ha nh?. Ky nhan
phat nang ng da. Phu, bat kha ham chi thuan d vo bat ham chi mau, bat kha ong
the chi lap.
Cai moc va ngon dao
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 37 -
Nc S co ngi ban dao va moc. Anh ta khen cai moc cua mnh rang: Cai
moc cua toi chac chan lam, khong vat g am thung c. Mot lat lai khoe ngon
dao cua mnh rang: Ngon dao cua toi sac ben lam, khong vat g la khong am
thung. Co ngi ng tieng hoi: Lay ngon dao cua anh am vao cai moc cua anh
th the nao. Ngi kia khong tra li c. Oi ! Cai moc khong the am thung va
ngon dao am thung bat c vat g khong the cung ng tren i c.
4.Trnh nhan mai ly
Trnh nhan hu tha tr ly gia. Tien t ac ky tuc nhi tr chi ky toa. Ch chi th
nhi vong thao chi. D ac ly, nai viet: Ngo vong tr ac.Phan qui thu chi; cap
phan, th bai, toai bat ac ly. Nhan viet: Ha bat th chi d tuc?. Viet: Ninh tn
ac, vo t tn da.
Ngi nc Trnh mua giay
Nc Trnh co ke muon mua giay. Trc tien anh ta t o chan mnh roi at
mau o len cho ngoi. i en ch lai quen mang mau o theo. Sau khi chon c
giay, lai noi: Toi quen mang mau o theo.Mi quay ve nha lay. en khi tr lai th
ch a tan nen khong mua c giay. Co ngi hoi rang: Sao khong dung chan e
th giay?. Anh ta tra li: Tha tin mau o ch khong t tin mnh c.
5. Lao ma thc o
Quan Trong Thap Bang tong Hoan cong nhi phat Co Truc. Xuan vang
ong phan , me hoac that ao. Quan Trong viet: Lao ma chi tr kha dung da. Nai
phong lao ma nhi tuy chi, toai ac ao.
Nga gia quen ng cu
Quan Trong Thap Bang theo Te Hoan cong chinh phat nc Co Truc. Mua
xuan ra i, mua ong tr lai, gia ng lam lan lac mat ng ve. Quan Trong tau
rang: Tr khon cua nga gia co the dung c viec vay. Ben tha nga gia i trc
roi noi theo nen tm c ng ve.
6. Th chi hu ho
Bang Cung d Thai t ch Ham an, v Nguy vng viet:
- Kim nhat nhan ngon th hu ho, vng tn chi ho?.
Viet: Bat tn.
- Nh nhan ngon th hu ho, vng tn chi ho?.
Viet: Bat tn.
- Tam nhan ngon th hu ho, vng tn chi ho?
Vng viet: Qua nhan tn chi.
Bang Cung viet: Phu th chi vo ho da minh hy, nhien nhi tam nhan ngon
nhi thanh ho. Kim Ham an chi kh Nguy da vien th, ngh than da qua tam
nhan, nguyen vng sat chi !.
Bang Cung tong Ham an phan, canh bat ac kien.
Gia ch co ho
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 38 -
Bang Cung cung Thai t lam con tin Ham an, tau vi Nguy vng rang:
Nay co ngi bao gia ch co ho, nha vua co tin khong?.
Nguy vng tra li: Khong tin.
- Hai ngi bao gia ch co ho, nha vua tin khong?.
Nguy vng tra li: Khong tin.
- Ba ngi bao gia ch co ho, nha vua tin khong?.
Nguy vng tra li: Qua nhan tin co.
Bang Cung noi: Pham, gia ch khong co ho, ieu ay ro rang minh bach,
the nhng ba ngi noi ma thanh co ho. Nay Ham an cach xa nc Nguy hn t
ay ra en ch ma be toi ban luan lai nhieu hn ba ngi, vay xin nha vua minh xet
cho.
Bang Cung tr ve Ham an, rot cuoc khong c yet kien Nguy vng na.
7. Nho Mac chi luan
The chi hien hoc, Nho Mac da. Nho chi s ch, Khong Khau da. Mac chi s
ch, Mac ch da.
T Khong T chi t da, hu T Trng chi Nho, hu T T chi Nho, hu
Nhan th chi Nho, hu Manh th chi Nho, hu Trong Lng th chi Nho, hu Tan th
chi Nho, hu Nhac Chnh th chi Nho.
T Mac T chi t da, hu Tng Ly th chi Mac, hu Tng Phu th chi
Mac, hu ang Lang th chi Mac.
Co Khong Mac chi hau, Nho phan vi bat, Mac phan vi tam; thu xa tng
phan bat ong, nhi giai t v vi chan Khong Mac. Khong Mac bat kha phuc sinh,
tng thuy s nh hau the chi hoc ho?
Khong T, Mac T cau ao Nghieu Thuan, nhi thu xa bat ong, giai t v
chan Nghieu Thuan. Nghieu Thuan bat phuc sinh, tng thuy s nh Nho Mac chi
thanh ho?
An Chu that bat bach d tue; Ngu Ha nh thien d tue, nhi bat nang nh
Nho Mac chi chan, kim nai duc tham Nghieu Thuan chi ao tam thien tue chi
tien; y gia ky bat kha tat ho?
Vo tham nghiem nhi tat chi gia, ngu da. Phat nang tat nhi c chi gia, vu da.
Co minh c tien vng tat nh Nghieu Thuan gia, phi ngu tac vu da. Ngu vu chi
hoc, tap phan chi hanh, minh chua phat thu da.
Luan ve Nho Mac
Nho, Mac la nhng hoc thuyet lng danh tren i. Tot bc ao Nho la Khong
Khau, tot bc ao Mac la Mac ch.
Khong T chet roi co phai Nho cua T Trng, co phai Nho cua T T, co
phai Nho cua ho Nhan, co phai Nho cua ho Manh, co phai Nho cua ho Trng
Lng, co phai Nho cua ho Ton, co phai Nho cua ho Nhac Chnh.
Mac T chet roi co phai Mac cua ho Tng Ly, co phai Mac cua ho Tng
Phu, co phai Mac cua ho ang Lang.
Vay sau Khong T, Mac T, ao Nho phan lam tam phai, ao Mac phan lam
ba; moi phai chu trng mot khac ma eu t bao chnh chu trng cua mnh mi la
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 39 -
Khong, Mac chan truyen. Khong T, Mac T khong the song lai, th ai la ngi nh
c cai hoc cho i sau?
Khong T, Mac T eu dan Nghieu, Thuan ma chu trng khac nhau, va eu
t bao thuyet cua mnh mi la ao Nghieu, Thuan chan truyen. Nghieu, Thuan khong
song lai th ai la ngi nh c Nho, Mac ben nao la phai?
Nha An, nha Chu mi cach ay tren 700 nam, nha Ngu nha Ha mi cach ay
tren 2000 nam ma con khong nh c the nao la thiet Nho, the nao la thiet Mac;
nay lai muon xet ao Nghieu, Thuan cach ay ti 3000 nam th co le khong the nao
oan c.
Khong tham nghiem ma quyet rang ung la ngu, khong the quyet chac la
ung ma lai c noi chac, la la gat ngi ta vay. Cho nen c lay li ngi trc ma
oan nh Nghieu Thuan, th neu khong la ngu, tc la la gat ngi. Cai hoc ngu dot
va la gat ngi ay, cai hanh vi vu v ay, bac minh chua khong dung.
1.3.1.5- TUNG HOANH GIA:
- Chien quoc sach va Lu Hng(79 trc-8 sau Tay lch):
Von la nhng bai luan thuyet cua phai Tung hoanh gia gom nhng bien s (tc thuyet
khach) bon ba khap ch hau ban thuyet hp tung(ai bieu la To Tan) hoac lien hoanh(ai bieu la
Trng Nghi). Trc tac cua ho en i Han c Lu Hng su tap, sap xep, hieu nh va at ten
la Chien quoc sach.
-Lu Hng, t la T Chnh, ngi at Bai, la ton that nha Han, 20 tuoi lam chc gian ai
phu di trieu Han Tuyen e. La hoc gia uyen bac, co cong rat ln trong viec khoi phuc s sach thi
Tien Tan.
-Tac pham von co ten Quoc sach, Quoc s, oan trng, Trng th, Tu th... en i Han
c Lu Hng sap xep, chnh ly lai va lay ten la Chien quoc sach. Sach viet theo loi phan quoc
t thuat, chep nhng s kien trong yeu cac nc thi Chien quoc, rat co gia tr nghe thuat nhng gia
tr lch s nhieu cho cha xac thc. Sach gom 33 thien: ong Chu(1 thien), Tay Chu(1 thien), Tan(5
thien), Te(6 thien), S(4 thien), Trieu(4 thien), Nguy(4 thien), Han(3 thien), Yen(3 thien), Tong,
Ve(1 thien) va Trung Sn(1 thien).
S gia T Ma Thien chu anh hngChien quoc sach rat nhieu khi viet S ky.
1.Ho gia ho uy
Kinh Tuyen vng van quan than viet: Ngo van Bac phng chi uy Chieu
He Tuat da, qua thanh ha nh?. Quan than mac oi. Giang At oi viet: Ho cau
bach thu nhi thc chi, ac ho. Ho viet: T vo cam thc nga da! Thien e s nga
trng bach thu, kim t thc nga, th nghch Thien e menh da. T d nga vi bat
tn, ngo v t tien hanh, t tuy nga hau, quan bach thu chi kien nga nhi cam bat tau
ho? Ho d vi nhien, co toai d chi hanh. Thu kien chi giai tau. Ho bat tri uy ky nhi
tau da, d vi uy ho da. Kim vng chi a, phng ngu thien ly, i giap bach van,
nhi chuyen thuoc chi Chieu He Tuat. Co Bac phng chi uy He Tuat da, ky thc uy
vng chi giap binh da, do bach thu chi uy ho da.
Cao mn oai cop
Kinh Tuyen vng hoi cac be toi rang: Ta nghe phng Bac s Chieu He
Tuat, viec ay qua thc la nh the nao? Trieu than khong ai tra li. Giang At ap
rang: Cop tm tram giong thu e an tht, bat c con cao. Cao noi: Mi cha dam
an tht ta. Tri sai ta ng au tram giong thu : nay mi an tht ta la trai lenh tri.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 40 -
Neu mi cho ta la bat tn, th ta i trc mi, mi i sau ta, xem tram giong thu trong
thay ta, co dam chang bo chay khong!Cop cho la phai, ben i cung cao. Bon thu
trong thay, eu bo chay. Cop khong biet rang chung s mnh ma chay, lai cho la s
cao. Nay at ai cua be ha rong nam nghn dam, quan s hang tram van, ma tat ca
eu pho thac cho Chieu He Tuat, cho nen ngi phng Bac s Chieu He Tuat cung
giong nh tram loai thu s con cop vay.
2.Hoa xa thiem tuc
S hu t gia, t ky xa nhan chi tu. Xa nhan tng v viet: So nhan am
chi bat tuc, nhat nhan am chi hu d, thnh hoa a vi xa, tien thanh gia am tu.
Nhat nhan xa tien thanh, dan tu tha am chi, nai ta thu ch tri, hu thu hoa xa,viet:
Ngo nang vi chi tuc. V thanh, nhat nhan chi xa thanh, oat ky chi viet: Xa co
vo tuc, t an nang vi chi tuc? Toai am ky tu. Vi xa tuc gia, chung vong ky tu.
Ve ran them chan
Nc S co ngi te le xong, cho bon ngi nha vo ru. Bon ngi nha bao
nhau rang: May ngi uong th khong u, ma mot ngi uong th lai tha. Chung ta
hay ve ran tren at, he ai ve ran xong trc th uong ru. Mot ngi ve xong
trc, lay ru toan uong, tay trai cam vo, tay phai ve ran, noi: Toi co the ve them
chan cho ran.Ve cha xong th ran cua mot ngi khac a ve xong; ngi nay giat
lay vo ru, bao rang: Ran von khong co chan, lam sao anh lai co the ve chan cho
no? Roi uong ru. The la ngi ve chan cho ran rot cuoc mat vo ru.
3.Duat bang tng tranh
Trieu tha phat Yen; To ai v Yen v Hue vng viet: Kim gia than lai,
qua Dch thuy, bang phng xuat boc nhi duat trac ky nhuc. Bang hp nhi kiem ky
trac. Duat viet: Kim nhat bat vu, minh nhat bat vu, tc hu t bang. Bang diec v
duat viet: Kim nhat bat xuat, minh nhat bat xuat, tc hu t duat. Lng gia bat
kha tng xa, ng phu ac nhi tnh cam chi. Kim Trieu tha phat Yen, Yen Trieu
cu tng chi d te ai chung, than khung cng Tan chi vi ng phu da, co nguyen
vng chi thuc ke chi da. Hue vng viet: Nac. Nai ch.
Trai co tranh nhau
Nc Trieu chuan b anh nc Yen. To ai v nc Yen tau vi Hue vng
rang: Hom nay, khi than en ay, luc i ngang qua song Dch, thay con trai ng
m vo si nang th con co lien mo vao tht trai. Trai khep vo lai gi chat mo co. Co
noi: Hom nay khong ma, ngay mai khong ma, at trai phai chet. Trai cung bao
vi co rang: Hom nay khong rut mo c, ngay mai khong rut mo c, at co phai
chet. Hai con khong chu buong tha nhau, ong lao anh ca trong thay lien bat ca
hai. Nay Trieu chuan b anh Yen, Yen Trieu tranh chap nhau lau ngay lam dan
chung khon kho, than s nc Tan cng bao kia se lam lao anh ca, vay nen xin
nha vua suy ngh cho chn.
Hue vng noi: c. Roi lien bai binh.
4. Mai ma
Khach kien Trieu vng viet:
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 41 -
- Than van cng chi s nhan mai ma da, hu chi ho?.

Vng viet: -Hu chi.
- Ha co ch kim bat khien?.
Vng viet: - V ac tng ma chi cong da?.
oi viet: - Vng ha bat khien Kien Tn Quan?.
Vng viet: - Kien Tn Quan hu quoc s, hu bat tri tng ma.
Viet: - Vng ha bat khien Ky C ho?.
Vng viet: - Ky C phu nhan da, bat tri tng ma.
oi viet: - Mai ma nhi thien, ha bo quoc?.
Vng viet: - Vo bo quoc.
oi viet: - Mai ma nhi ac, ha nguy quoc?.
Vng viet: - Vo nguy quoc.
oi viet:
- Mai ma thien nhc ac giai vo nguy quoc. Nhien nhi vng chi mai ma
da, tat tng ai cong. Kim tr thien ha, c tho phi da, quoc gia vi h le, nhi xa tac
bat huyet thc, nhien nhi vng bat ai cong nhi d Kien Tn Quan, ha nh?.
Mua nga
Co ngi khach yet kien vua nc Trieu, tau rang:
- Than nghe noi be ha khien ngi i mua nga, viec ay co chang?.
Nha vua ap: Qua co.
- V le g en nay cha chu sai i?.
Nha vua ap: V cha tm c th coi tng nga.
Khach hoi: Sao be ha khong c Kien Tn Quan?
Nha vua ap: Kien Tn Quan ban lo viec nc, lai khong biet xem tng
nga.
Khach hoi: Sao be ha khong khien nang Ky C?.

Nha vua ap: Ky C la an ba, khong biet xem tng nga.
Khach hoi: Mua c nga hay, co bo ch g cho nc nha khong?.
Nha vua ap: Khong bo ch g cho nc nha.
Khach hoi: Mua nham nga xau, co nguy hai g cho nc nha khong.
Nha vua ap: Khong nguy hai g cho nc nha.
Ngi khach tau rang: Mua nga hay hoac d eu khong nguy hai g cho
nc nha. The ma nha vua mua nga at con ch th xem tng. Nay cai tr thien ha,
c ngi khong xng, nc nha h nat, xa tac suy vong ma nha vua khong chon
ngi tai gioi, lai giao ca cho Tn Kien Quan la v sao?.
1.3.1.6-TAP GIA:
-La Bat Vi vaLa Th Xuan Thu:
-La Bat Vi, ngi at Boc Dng, la mot thng gia giau co, mu tr; bo cong sc tien cua
giup cong t Dch Nhan t Trieu tr ve Tan len ngoi hoang e (tc Trang Tng vng), nen
c phong lam tha tng(nam 249 trc CN).
Nam 246 trc CN, Tan Doanh Chnh len ngoi la Tan Thuy Hoang e, ong c ton lam
tng quoc, xng la trong phu.
Nam 235 trc CN, b bai chc, ay vao Ba Thuc va b bc t.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 42 -
-La Th xuan thu con goi laLa lam, la sach do mon khach cua La Bat Vi bien soan,
gom Bat lam, Luc luan va Thap nh ky. Noi dung bao quat ca hoc thuat thi Tien Tan, van t can
sc, bien soan co he thong, cung la mot tac pham co gia tr cua Trung Quoc i xa.
1.Yem nh ao linh
Pham th chi vong da, bach tnh hu ac chung gia, duc phu nhi tau, ai bat
kha phu. D chuy huy chi. Chung thng nhien hu am. Khung nhan van chi nhi
oat ky da, toai yem ky nh.
Bng tai trom chuong
Ho Pham mat, trong tram ho co ngi bat c cai chuong, toan vac chay,
nhng chuong ln khong the vac c, lien dung vo ap. Chuong bong co tieng keu
boong boong. Anh ta s ngi ta nghe thay tieng chuong ma tranh oat mat cua
mnh ben bng tai lai.
2.Khac chu cau kiem
S nhan hu thiep giang gia. Ky kiem t chu trung truy thuy. C khac ky
chu viet: Th ngo kiem chi s tong truy. Chu ch. Tong ky s khac gia, nhap thuy
cau chi. Chu d hanh hy, nhi kiem bat hanh; cau kiem nhc th, bat diec hoac ho?
Khac thuyen tm gm
Nc S co ngi sang song. Gm cua anh ta t trong thuyen ri xuong
nc. Anh ta lien khac vao man thuyen, noi rang: ay la ni gm cua ta ri
xuong. Thuyen dng. Anh ta theo dau khac, xuong nc tm gm. Thuyen th i ma
gm th khong i; tm gm nh the ha chang phai la lam lan sao?!
1.3.2- TAN VAN LCH S:

-Kinh Th: Con goi la Thng Th, la mot cuon s chep ve 5 i
ng, Ngu, Ha, Thng va Chu. Co 2 ban: Kim van thng th do quan bac s i
Han la Phuc Sinh truyen lai, co 29 thien; Co van thng th do Lo Cung vng i
Han Vu e tm c trong tng nha Khong t, co 45 thien. Ban Kinh Th hien nay
do ngi i ng Huyen Tong tong hp t 2 ban tren .
Khong An Quoc i Han chia Kinh Th lam 6 the tai la: ien (Nghieu ien,
Thuan ien), Mo(ai Vu mo, Cao Dao mo), Huan(Y huan, Thai giap), cao(Thang
cao, Ban Canh), The(Thai the, Tan the), Menh(Duyet menh, Co menh). en i
ng, Khong Dnh at them vao 4 the tai na la Cong(Vu cong), Ca(Ngu t chi
ca), Chinh(Dan chinh) va Pham(Hong pham).
Kinh Th c xem la s lieu xa nhat cung cap nhieu hieu biet ve tnh
trang kinh te, chnh tr, t tng, ton giao cua Trung Quoc thi co s.
-Kinh Xuan Thu: la cuon s lam theo the bien nien do Khong t bien
soan, chep cac s kien chnh tr cua nc Lo va nha Chu t nam au Lo An cong
en nam 14 i Lo Ai cong gom 242 nam (722-481 trc CN), nham muc ch to
ro ieu phai trai va sa chnh long ngi(minh th phi, chnh nhan tam), lam sao
cho vua ra vua, toi ra toi, cha ra cha, con ra con(quan quan, than than, phu phu,
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 43 -
t t) . V the gia tr cua Xuan Thu chu yeu la ve mat ao c chnh tr ch khong
phai phng phap va s lieu. S khen che cua sach co anh hng rat ln oi vi
moi giai tang trong xa hoi: mot ch khen vinh hn ao con hoa, mot ch che nhuc
hn ru bua(Nhat t chi bao vinh hoa con, nhat t chi biem nhuc phu viet). Tuy
Khong t van noi ch thuat lai ch khong sang tac(thuat nhi bat tac) nhng tren
thc te, Xuan Thu la tac pham ngai ky thac tam s ch hng nhieu nhat - Ngi
i biet ta ch Kinh Xuan Thu, ngi i trach toi ta cung ch Kinh Xuan Thu
!(Tri nga gia ky duy Xuan Thu ho! Toi nga gia ky duy Xuan Thu ho!). Li khen
tang ngai la v vua khong ngoi(to vng) chnh la do sach nay.
-Xuan Thu tam truyen:
Do tam anh hng rat to ln oi vi xa hoi nen ve sau Kinh Xuan Thu c
nhieu nha dung lam can c e giai thch hoac trc thuat nh Cong Dng truyen
cua Cong Dng Cao, Coc Lng truyen cua Coc Lng Xch va Xuan Thu Ta th
truyen tng truyen cua Ta Khau Minh, goi tat la Ta truyen. Ba tac pham nay
thng c goi la Xuan Thu tam truyen.
Cong Dng truyen, Coc Lng truyen dung loi van van ap giai thch
ngha kinh Xuan Thu, khong co gia tr ve s hoc va van hoc bang Ta truyen. Ta
truyen tuy cung co ngu y khuyen trng, nhng khong thien ve kinh hoc. Trnh bay
s kien tng tan, dung ch at cau gian d, t s mieu ta linh hoat my le: o la
nhng ac iem cua Ta truyen, mot bo s co gia tr ong thi la mot ang tan van
khuon mau co anh hng sau xa oi vi van gia i sau.
-Quoc ng:
Quoc ng la cuon s au tien cua Trung Quoc viet theo the phan quoc t
thuat, chep s kien quan trong cua 8 nc Chu, Lo, Te, Tan, Trnh, S, Ngo, Viet
trong khoang 500 nam (990-453 trc CN). Tac gia la Ta Khau Minh( Ta Khau
Minh b mu, nen viet Quoc ng -Ta Khau that minh, quyet hu quoc ng T Ma
Thien, Thai s cong t t).
Ta truyen gioi ve cach t thuat mieu ta, Quoc ng gioi ve mat ly luan
phu dien, eu at c phong cach hanh van lu loat, trau chuot.
CAU HOI ON TAP CHNG I

1.
2.
3.
4.
Kinh Thi la g? Nguon goc, ten goi va van e bien soan.

Trnh bay khai quat 3 noi dung chnh cua Kinh Thi.
Tnh yeu nam n va c m hanh phuc la oi trong Kinh Thi.
Trnh bay khai quat nhng bien phap dien at phu, ty, hng va thu phap
nghe thuat trung chng iep cu trong Kinh Thi.
5. Nhan nh ve gia tr va anh hng cua Kinh Thi.
6. S t la g? Nguon goc, ten goi va tac gia.
7. Hnh tng Khuat Nguyen qua th ch Han cua Nguyen Du.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 44 -
8. Qua than the, s nghiep cua Khuat Nguyen va th van viet ve ong hay
chng minh Khuat Nguyen la mot nha chnh tr sang suot, mot nha th
yeu nc thiet tha ong thi la mot nhan cach ln.
9. Cu lu la g? Trnh bay khai quat chu trng cua cac trng phai triet
hoc chnh thi tien Tan.
10. Hay phan tch gia tr nghe thuat ngu ngon mot so tac pham tan van thi
tien Tan.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHNG I

1. Dch Quan Ta, Van hoc s Trung Quoc, Tap 1(Huynh Minh c
dch), Nxb Tre, Tp.Ho Ch Minh, 1992.
2. ao Duy Anh, S t, Nxb Van Hoc, Ha Noi, 1974.
3. Tan a(dch), Kinh Thi, Nxb Tp.Ho Ch Minh, 1992.
4. Gian Chi va Nguyen Hien Le, Chien quoc sach, Nxb La Boi, 1972.
5. Nhng Tong(dch), Nam Hoa Kinh, Nxb Tan Viet, 1944.
6. Tran Trong San, Van hoc Trung Quoc i Chu Tan, Nxb Bac au,
1969.
7. Tran Van Hai Minh,Bach gia ch t, Nxb at song, 1973.
8. Th ch Han Nguyen Du, Nxb Van Hoc, Ha Noi, 1978.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 45 -
CHNG II. TH VAN THI HAN NGUY (206 TRC 220 SAU CN)
TIET 1 : TH PHU
TIET 2 : TAN VAN
2.3.1.- T Ma Thien (145-86 trc Tay lch) va S ky :
2.3.1.1.-Than the va s nghiep:
T T Trng, ngi at Long Mon(nay thuoc ong bac huyen Han Thanh
tnh Thiem Tay).Than phu la T Ma am, Thai s lenh(140-110 trc CN)thi
Han Vu e.
Thien, t chat thong minh, va chan bo chan de va hoc, 10 tuoi a oc
c co th, roi theo cha len kinh o theo hoc Khong An Quoc, ong Trong Th.
- Nam 126 trc CN, du lch mien Nam song Trng Giang en Coi Ke
nghe chuyen Viet Vng Cau Tien, en song Mch La vieng Khuat Nguyen, en
song Tng tham mo vua Thuan-Nga Hoang,N Anh, en Tay Ho su tam truyen
thuyet Pham Lai-Tay Thi. Roi len mien Bac tham que Khong t , nghe ke chuyen
Tran Thiep-Ngo Quang, tham di tch Manh Thng Quan, tham que Lu Bang.
- Nam 122 trc CN, nhan chc Lang trung, may man c theo Han Vu e
tuan du nhieu ni, kinh nghiem thc te cang nhieu.
- Nam 111 trc CN, du lch mien Tay Nam, en T Xuyen-Van Nam,
nghien cu hnh the nui song, ghi chep chuyen xa tch cu. Co the noi, tr 2 tnh
Quang ong-Quang Tay, khap at nc khong ni nao T Ma Thien khong en.
-Nam 110 trc CN, nhan li uy thac cua than phu viet sach S Ky.
-Nam 106 trc CN, noi nghiep cha lam Thai s lenh va bat au viet S Ky.
-Nam 99 trc CN, gap hoa Ly Lang, b toi cung hnh.
-Nam 97 trc CN, gi chc Trung th lenh, tiep tuc viet sach S Ky.
-Nam 91 trc CN, S Ky c hoan thanh sau 13 nam au t cong sc.
en i Han Tuyen e(73-48 trc CN), chau ngoai la Dng Uan mi
cong bo va goi ten sach la Thai s cong th ch. S Ky la ten at sau nay.
2.3.1.2.-Noi dung S Ky:
La bo thong s au tien va o so nhat cua Trung Quoc, chep viec t i
Hoang e(2698-2597 trc CN) en nien hieu Thai S i Han Vu e(104-103
trc CN), trc sau khoang 2.500 nam. Sach co 526.500 ch, gom 130 thien, chia
lam 5 phan:
-Ban ky(12 thien): Ngu e, cac vua i Ha, cac vua i An, cac vua i
Chu, hai vua Tan Chieu vng va Tan Trang vng, Tan Thuy Hoang va Tan Nh
the Hoang e, Hang Vu, Han Cao To, La Hau, Hieu Van e, Hieu Canh e, Hieu
Vu e (Tr Thieu Ton viet).
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 46 -
-Bieu (10 thien): The bieu Tam ai, 12 ch hau, Luc Quoc, nguyet bieu
Tan S...., la bang oi chieu cac s kien can c vao nien ai, co the coi la nhng
cong trnh s hoc nghiem tuc va co gia tr, rat bo ch khi tra cu.
-Th (8 thien): Noi ve cac che o chnh sach nh Le th, Nhac th, Luat th,
Lch th, Thien quan th, Phong thien th, Ha c th va Bnh chuan th.
-The gia(30 thien): Chep truyen cac vng hau, tng quoc, tng
soai...ac biet Khong t, Tran Thiep c xep vao the gia.
-Liet truyen(70 thien): La phan ln nhat, chep truyen t quan lai en thng
dan neu co s nghiep hoac hanh vi sieu quan, lu danh lai i sau.
Ba phan ban ky, the gia va nhat la liet truyen, ngoai gia tr lch s con co gia
tr van hoc rat cao: co the xem o la nhng thien truyen ky giau chat nghe thuat.
2.3.1.3.-Gia tr cua S Ky:
Ve phng dien lch s, nen chu y may iem sau ay:
-Co quan iem duy vat va khoa hoc, khong than b hoa vua chua, khong tin
menh tri (v du khi viet ve than the Lu Bang).
-anh gia mot trieu ai trong moi tng quan gia chnh tr, kinh te va van
hoa (s cu ch chu trong s kien chnh tr cua trieu ai).
- ng tren quan iem nhan dan khi quan niem s van ong va phat trien
cua lch s (v du ve viec e cao vai tro cua Tran Thiep va Ngo Quang).
-Dung cam bao ve s that (v du khi viet ve cac trieu ai nha Han).
Ve phng dien van hoc, nen chu y may iem sau ay:
-Phan anh sinh ong i song xa hoi Trung Quoc co ai: vua chua oi bai,
khanh ai phu tranh oat danh li, nhan dan lao ong cung cc...
-Xa hoi o c tai hien bang hang loat nhan vat ien hnh nh Tan Thuy
Hoang, Lu Bang, Hang Vo, To Tan, Trng Nghi, Pham Th, Han Tn, Liem Pha,
Lan Tng Nh, Kinh Kha, Nhiep Chnh....Nhng nhan vat nay c xay dng qua
ca qua trnh hnh thanh tnh cach cua ho.
-Ngon t gian d, cam xuc trien mien, nghe thuat t s sinh ong loi cuon,
nghe thuat mieu ta sac sao.
Ket luan:
-La chuan mc cho i sau noi theo ve phng phap va s lieu.
-La s m au mot bo phan van hoc co gia tr ln: truyen ky lch s.
-La kho e tai cho cac tac pham van hoc nghe thuat ve sau.
S Ky xng ang vi li khen s gia chi tuyet xng, vo van chi Ly Tao
(Lo Tan).
2.3.1.4.- Trch tuyen:
Thai s cong t t
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 47 -
Thai s cong viet: Tien nhan hu ngon : T Chu Cong tot, ngu bach tue nhi
hu Khong T. Khong T tot hau, ch kim ngu bach tue. Hu nang thieu minh
the, chnh Dch, truyen ke Xuan Thu, ban Thi Th Le Nhac chi te, y tai t ho? y tai
t ho? Tieu t ha cam nhng yen?
Thng ai phu Ho Toai viet : Tch Khong T ha vi nhi tac Xuan Thu tai?!
Thai s cong viet : D van ong Sinh viet : Chu ao suy phe, Khong T vi
Lo t khau, ch hau hai chi, ai phu ung chi. Khong T tri ngon chi bat dung, ao
chi bat hanh da, th phi nh bach t thap nh nien chi trung, d vi thien ha nghi bieu.
Biem thien t, thoai ch hau, thao ai phu, d at vng s nhi d hy. T viet: nga
duc tai chi khong ngon, bat nh kien chi hanh s chi tham thiet tr minh da. Phu
Xuan Thu, thng minh Tam vng chi ao, ha bien nhan s chi ky, biet hiem
nghi, minh th phi, nh do d, thien thien, ac ac, hien hien, tien bat tieu, ton vong
quoc, ke tuyet the, bo te, khi phe, vng ao chi ai da. Dch tr thien a, am
dng, ngu hanh, co trng bien. Le kinh ky nhan luan, co trng hanh. Th ky
tien vng chi s, co trng chnh. Thi ky sn xuyen khe coc, cam thu thao moc,
tan mau, th hung, co trng hanh. Nhac lac s d lap, co trng hoa. Xuan Thu
bien th phi, co trng tr nhan. Th co, Le d tiet nhan, Nhac d phat hoa, Th d
ao s, Thi d at y, Dch d ao hoa, Xuan Thu d ao ngha. Bat loan the, phan
chi chnh, mac can Xuan Thu. Xuan Thu van thanh so van, ky ch so thien. Van
vat chi tu tan, giai tai Xuan Thu. Xuan Thu chi trung, th quan tam thap luc; vong
quoc ngu thap nh; ch hau bon tau, bat ac bao ky xa tac gia, bat kha thang so. Sat
ky s d, giai that ky ban d. Co Dch viet : That chi hao li, mau d thien ly. Co
viet : Than th quan, t th phu, phi nhat an nhat tch chi co da. Ky tiem cu hy.
Co, hu quoc gia bat kha d bat tri Xuan Thu. Tien hu sam nhi bat kien, hau hu
tac nhi bat tri. Vi nhan than gia bat kha d bat tri Xuan Thu. Thu kinh s nhi bat tri
ky nghi, tao bien s nhi bat tri ky quyen. Vi nhan quan phu, nhi bat thong Xuan
Thu chi ngha gia, tat mong thu ac chi danh. Vi nhan than t, nhi bat thong Xuan
Thu chi ngha gia, tat ham thoan th chi tru, t toi chi danh. Ky thc giai d vi thien.
Vi chi, bat tri ky ngha. B chi khong ngon, nhi bat cam t. Phu bat thong le ngha
chi ch, ch quan bat quan, than bat than, phu bat phu, t bat t. Quan bat quan tac
pham. Than bat than tac tru. Phu bat phu tac vo ao. T bat t tac bat hieu. Th t
hanh gia, thien ha chi ai qua da. D thien ha chi ai qua d chi, tac thu nhi bat cam
t. Co Xuan Thu gia, le ngha chi ai ton da. Phu le cam v nhien nhi tien, phap thi
d nhien chi hau. Phap chi s vi dung gia d kien, nhi le chi s v cam gia nan tri.
Ho Toai viet: Khong T chi thi, thng vo minh quan, ha bat ac nhiem dung,
co tac Xuan Thu, thuy khong van d oan le ngha, ang nhat vng chi phap. Kim
phu t, thng ngo minh thien t, ha ac thu chc, van s ky cu, ham cac t nghi,
phu t s luan duc d ha minh? .Thai s cong viet : Duy, duy, phu phu bat nhien.
D van chi tien nhan viet : Phuc Hy ch thuan hau, tac Dch bat quai; Nghieu
Thuan chi thnh, Thng Th tai chi, Le Nhac tac yen; Thang Vu chi long, thi nhan
ca chi. Xuan Thu thai thien, biem ac, suy Tam ai chi c, bao Chu that, phi oc
th c nhi d da. Han hng d lai, ch minh thien t, hoach phu thuy, phong thien,
cai chnh soc, dch phuc sac, thu menh muc thanh, trach lu vong cc, hai ngoai
thu tuc, trung dch khoan tai, thnh lai hien kien gia, bat kha thang ao. Than ha
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 48 -
bach quan, lc tung thanh c, do bat nang tuyen tan ky y. Tha, s hien nang nhi
bat dung, hu quoc gia chi s. Chu thng minh thanh, nhi c bat bo van, hu t
chi qua gia. Tha, d thng chng ky quan, phe minh thanh thnh c bat tai, diet
cong than the gia hien ai phu chi nghiep bat thuat, oa tien vng s ngon, toi
mac ai yen. D s v thuat co s, chnh te ky the truyen, phi s v tac da. Nhi quan
t chi Xuan Thu, mau hy. th, luan th ky van, that nien, nhi thai s cong tao Ly
Lang chi hoa, u luy tiet, nai v nhien than viet : Th d chi toi da phu? Th d chi
toi da phu? Than huy bat dung hy. Thoai nhi tham duy viet : Phu, Thi Th an c
gia, nhc toai ky ch chi t da. Tch Tay Ba tu Du Ly, dien Chu Dch; Khong T
ach tai Tran, Sai, tac Xuan Thu; Khuat Nguyen phong truc, tr Ly Tao; Ta Khau
khuyet minh, quyet hu Quoc Ng; Ton T tan cc nhi luan binh phap; Bat Vi
thien Thuc, the truyen La Lam; Han Phi tu Tan, Thuyet nan, Co phan. Thi tam
bach thien ai e thanh hien phat phan chi s vi tac da. Th nhan giai y hu s uat
ket, bat ac thong ky ao da, co thuat vang s t lai gia. th tot thuat ao ng
d lai, ch lan ch, t Hoang e thuy.
Bai ta do T Ma Thien t e
Thai s cong noi: Cha toi co day rang : T khi Chu Cong mat, nam tram
sau co Khong T. Khong T mat, ti nay c nam tram nam; co ai noi c ch,
soi sang c cho i, sa c Dch truyen, soan tiep Xuan Thu, dien c cai y
trong Thi Th Le Nhac, th chac la luc nay ay. Cau noi ay co y nhac nh toi
chang? Cau noi ay co y nhac nh toi chang? Than hen nay au dam suy nhng
viec ay.
Quan Thng ai phu Ho Toai noi : Xa Khong T tai sao ma viet bo Xuan
Thu?.
Thai s cong noi : Toi nghe ong sinh day rang : i Chu suy vi, ao b bo
be, Khong T lam quan t khau nc Lo, ch hau hai ong, co quan ai phu ngan can
ong, ong biet rang li mnh khong c tin dung, ao mnh khong c thi hanh, ben
phe bnh nhng viec trong khoang 242 nam e lam khuong phep cho i, che bai
thien t, ch trch ch hau, dan mat cac ai phu, khong ngoai muc ch thuyet minh
vng ao. Khong T noi : Thay v nhng li noi suong, ta muon chep nhng viec
ro rang xac thiet la hn. That vay, bo Xuan Thu tren th lam sang to ao ly cua
Tam vng, di th bien biet dng moi cua viec i, thuyet minh ieu ng vc,
vach ro le phai trai, quyet nh s do d, khen ieu hay, che ieu d, ton ngi hien,
khinh ke xau, bao ton nhng nc a mat, noi lai nhng dong a dt, bo cu nhng
te hai, chan hng nhng suy sup: toan nhng au moi cua vng ao vay.
Kinh Dch noi ve tri at, am dng, t thi, ngu hanh nen ranh ve le bien
hoa. Kinh Le ghi nhng viec thuoc nhan luan, cho nen ranh ve nhan s. Kinh Th
chep viec lam cua tien vng, cho nen ranh ve chnh tr. Kinh Thi ghi nui, song, khe,
hoc, chim muong co cay, con th, con hung, loai c loai cai, cho nen ranh ve ca
dao, phong tuc. Kinh Nhac gay dng nhng y tnh vui ti, cho nen iem s trng la
hai hoa. Kinh Xuan Thu phan biet viec phai trai, cho nen ranh ve viec tr ngi. The
cho nen kinh Le dung e tiet che tnh duc, kinh Thi dung e phat dng hoa kh, kinh
Th dung e thuat lai nhng viec a xay ra, kinh Dch dung e thuyet minh le bien
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 49 -
hoa, kinh Xuan Thu day ve ngha vu. Dep i loan, a no ve ng chnh, th khong
sach nao bang Xuan Thu. Kinh Xuan Thu dai may van ch, chep may ngan viec. Van
vat tu tu tan tan, u ca trong bo Xuan Thu. Trong i Xuan Thu co 36 ke lam toi giet
vua, 52 ong vua mat nc, bon vua ch hau phai bon tau, khong bao ton c xa tac,
nhieu khong ke xiet. Nguyen do ch tai bo mat ao goc ma thoi. Cho nen kinh Dch
noi : Sai mot li, i mot dam. Lai noi : Toi giet vua, con giet cha, duyen do chang
phai mi au hom cuoi mai, ma la tch tiem a t lau roi. Cho nen ke co nc
khong the khong ro ngha Xuan Thu. (Khong ro ngha Xuan Thu th) trc mat co ke
ton hot ma khong thay, sau lng co giac cp ma khong hay. Ke lam toi khong the
khong ro ngha Xuan Thu. (Khong ro ngha Xuan Thu) th x thng khong biet le
nen chang, lam bien khong biet le tong quyen. Lam vua lam cha ma khong ro ngha
Xuan Thu th tat mang tieng la gay toi ac; lam bay toi, lam con ma khong ro ngha
Xuan Thu th tat b chet ma chuoc lay cai toi danh la ke a cp ngoi, giet ngi
tren. K thc, ho van cho viec ho lam la phai, ho lam ma khong hieu ngha viec ho
lam, e roi mang tieng xau ma khong dam cai. Khong hieu the nao la le ngha, cho
nen mi en noi vua chang ra vua, toi chang ra toi, cha chang ra cha, con chang ra
con. Vua chang ra vua th ke di pham thng, toi chang ra toi th ang giet, cha
chang ra cha th vo ao, con chang ra con th bat hieu; bon cai loi o la nhng cai
loi rat ln i, buoc cho cai thien ha ai toi danh la ung, phai nhan, ch khong
cai c. Cho nen kinh Xuan Thu la coi nguon le ngha. Le ngha ngan nga trc,
hnh phap trng phat sau, cong hieu trng phat cua hnh phap de thay, cong hieu
ngan nga cua le ngha kho biet.
Quan thng ai phu Ho Toai noi : Thi c Khong T, vua tren khong
sang suot, mnh di khong c tin dung, cho nen Ngai mi tr thuat kinh Xuan
Thu, dung li van suong ma oan nh le ngha, thong nhat vng ao. Nay tien sinh,
tren gap c thien t hien minh, di mnh lai co chc phan e phuc vu, moi viec
eu ay u, xep at au vao ay, vay ma tien sinh con dai li ngh luan la e thuyet
minh ieu g ay?. Thai s cong noi : Da, da, tha khong, khong phai the ! Toi
nghe cha toi day rang : Vua Phuc Hy rat mc thuan hau, lam ra tam que Dch; vua
Nghieu, vua Thuan xay nen thnh tr, sach Thng Th ghi chep ai nghiep cua hai
ong; kinh Le, kinh Nhac cung c viet vao thi o; vua Thang vua Vu lap ai cong
th cac thi nhan ca tung(do o ma co kinh Thi); kinh Xuan Thu nhat chuyen hay, che
chuyen d, suy ton ao c i Tam ai, khen ngi trieu chnh cua nha Chu, nao
phai ch co cham biem ma thoi au. Nha Han t luc day nghiep cho en bay gi la
thi thien t hien minh tr v, a bat c iem lanh, a lap an Phong, an Thien,
a oi ngay Chnh soc, a thay mau ao quan, xe co, tiep nhan c cai kh thanh hoa
cua tri, ban phat an hue cung ni khap chon; nhng dan toc hai ngoai khac
phong tuc en go ca quan, dung li thong ngon ma xin trieu kien, nhieu khong ke
xiet. Bach quan than ha cc lc ca tung thanh c cua nha vua ma con s rang cha
bay to c het y mnh. Va chang, co ke s hien tai ma khong thu dung, o la ieu
ngi tr nc ang lay lam then; chua thng thanh minh ma thanh danh khong
truyen ba khap bon phng, o la tai ke lam toi loi lam. Huong chi a gi chc v(s
quan), toi phai lam tron chc phan; thnh c cua chua thng thanh minh ma bo i
chang chep, s nghiep cua cong than, the gia, hien ai phu ma bo i chang thuat, li
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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noi cua ngi trc ma bo i chang nhac, th con g nang toi cho bang? Cai viec toi
goi la thuat lai chuyen cu, ch la sap at lai nhng tai lieu truyen lai t i trc,
nh vay khong phai la sang tac the ma ong lai v cong viec toi lam vi kinh Xuan
Thu th ong that lam roi!
Ben luan thuat chap noi thanh van. c bay nam th Thai s cong gap cai
hoa Ly Lang, sa vao vong tu nguc, mi ngam ngui ma than rang : o la toi ta ?!
o la toi ta ?! Than the tan phe, thanh vo dung roi!. Sau lui ve, suy i ngh lai,
mnh t nhu mnh : Kinh Thi, kinh Th t li ma kn ngha, la e cho tac gia gi
gam noi long. Xa kia Tay Ba b giam nguc Du Ly ma dien giai Chu Dch; Khong
T gap nan Tran, Thai ma soan Xuan Thu; Khuat Nguyen b ruong bo ma viet
thien Ly Tao; Ta Khau Minh loa roi mi co bo Quoc Ng; Ton Tan cut chan mi
luan ve binh phap; La Bat Vi b di qua Thuc roi mi co sach La Lam truyen lai
i; Han Phi b giam Tan mi viet hai thien Thue nan, Co phan; ba tram thien
trong kinh Thi phan nhieu la do cac bac thanh hien phat phan ma lam ra. Nhng
ngi o eu co noi uat c trong long, khong thi hanh ao cua mnh c, mi thuat
viec cu ma ngh en i sau.
Ben thuat nhng viec t i ao ng tr xuong, cho ti nam vua Vu e
bat c con bach lan th ngng, m au la t vua Hoang e.
2.-Tho t cau phanh
Pham Lai toai kh, t Te khien ai phu Chung viet:Phi ieu tan, lng cung
tang; giao tho t, tau cau phanh; ch quoc pha, lng than vong.Viet vng vi
nhan trng canh ieu trac, kha d cong hoan nan, bat kha d cong lac, t ha bat
kh ?
Tho chet, cho b giet
Pham Lai bo i roi, t nc Te gi th cho quan ai phu Van Chung rang:
Chim bay het th cat cung quy, tho khon chet roi th cho san b giet,nc ch pha
roi th be toi gioi bo mang.Viet vng la ngi co dai mo qua, co the cung chung
hoan nan, khong the cung nhau chung hng yen vui, sao ong khong bo i?
3.-Ch loc vi ma
Trieu Cao duc vi loan, khung quan than bat thnh. Nai tien thiet nghiem, tr
loc hien Nh The, viet:Ma da. Nh The tieu viet:Tha tng ngo da ! V loc vi
ma. Van ta hu, ta hu hoac mac, hoac ngon ma d a thuan Trieu Cao.
Ch nai bao la nga
Trieu Cao muon lam loan, s quan than khong nghe theo, ben th nghiem
trc, mang con nai dang len Tan nh the, tau rang:ay la con nga. Nh the ci
rang: Tha tng lam roi ! Goi nai la nga. Hoi ta hu, ke th lang thinh, ke th
bao nga e a dua theo Trieu Cao.
Khoa Ng van
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4.-Th ao chi giao

Liem Pha chi mien, Trng Bnh qui da; that the chi thi, co khach tan kh.
Cap phuc xuat vi tng, khach hu phuc ch. Liem Pha viet:Khach thoai hy.
Khach viet: Phu ! Thien ha d th ao giao. Quan hu the, tac nga tong quan; quan
vo the tac kh; th co ky ly, hu ha oan ho?!
Giao tnh hang ch
Liem Pha b cach chc, t Trng Bnh tr ve; luc that the, mon khach cu eu
bo i het. en khi c phong tng tr lai, khach lai tm en.Liem Pha bao: Xin
khach lui cho. Khach ap rang: Thng ngi i hay ket giao theo loi hang ch.
Ngai co the lc th toi theo ngai, ngai khong the lc, toi at bo i; le i von the, co g
ma ngai oan gian?.
5.-Mon kha la tc
Thuy, Chach cong vi nh uy, tan khach ien mon; cap phe, mon ngoai kha
thiet tc la. Hau phuc vi nh uy, tan khach duc vang, Chach cong ai th ky mon
viet: Nhat t nhat sinh nai tri giao tnh, nhat ban nhat phu nai tri giao thai, nhat
quy nhat tien giao tnh nai kien.
Trc ca(vang ve)co the li chim
Xa Chach cong lam quan nh uy, tan khach chat nha. en luc b phe,
ngoai ca(vang ve)co the at li bat chim. Sau lai phuc chc nh uy, tan khach lai
toan tm en, Chach cong viet tren ca mot hang ch ln:Mot chet mot song mi
biet ro tnh bang hu; mot ngheo mot giau mi hay cach oi x cua ban be; mot sang
mot hen chan tnh mi thay c
6.-Quan Trong, Bao Thuc

Quan Trong Di Ngo gia, Dnh Thng nhan da. Thieu thi thng d Bao
Thuc Nha du. Bao Thuc tri ky hien. Quan Trong ban khon, thng khi Bao Thuc,
Bao Thuc chung thien ngo chi, bat d vi ngon.
D nhi, Bao Thuc s Te cong t Tieu Bach, Quan Trong s cong t Cu.
Quan Trong tu yen. Bao Thuc tuy tien Quan Trong.
Quan Trong ky dung, nham chnh vu Te, Te Hoan Cong d ba, cu hp ch
hau, nhat khuong thien ha, Quan Trong chi mu da.
Quan Trong viet: Ngo thuy khon thi, thng d Bao Thuc co. Phan tai li
a t d, Bao Thuc bat d nga vi tham, tri nga ban da. Ngo thng v Bao Thuc mu
s, nhi canh cung khon, Bao Thuc bat d nga vi ngu, tri thi li, bat li da. Ngo
thng tam s, tam kien truc quan, Bao Thuc bat d nga vi bat tieu, tri nga bat tao
thi da. Ngo thng tam chien tam tau, Bao Thuc bat d nga vi khiep, tri nga hu
lao mau da. Cong t Cu bai, Thieu Hot t chi, ngo u tu thu nhuc, Bao Thuc bat d
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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nga vi vo s, tri nga bat tu tieu tiet, nhi s cong danh bat hien thien ha da. Sinh
nga gia phu mau, tri nga gia Bao t da.
Quan Trong Bao Thuc
Quan Trong tc Quan Di Ngo la ngi at Dnh Thng. Thua nho thng
lam ban vi Bao Thuc Nha. Bao Thuc Nha biet la ngi hien. Quan Trong v ngheo
khon nen thng la doi nhng Bao Thuc Nha rot cuoc van oi ai t te, khong noi
nang g.
Roi Bao Thuc Nha pho cong t Tieu Bach nc Te, con Quan Trong th cong
t Cu. en khi Tieu Bach len ngoi la Te Hoan Cong, cong t Cu chet, Quan Trong b
giam vao nguc tu. Bao Thuc het long tien c Quan Trong(vi Te Hoan Cong).
Quan Trong c tin dung roi, am nhiem viec chnh s nc Te, giup Te
Hoan Cong xng ba, nhieu lan hoi hop ch hau, quyen hanh khap thien ha, la nh
mu tr cua Quan Trong ca.
Quan Trong noi: Ta thua trc, luc khon cung, thng cung vi Bao Thuc
Nha buon ban; khi chia li, ta gi lay phan hn cho mnh, Bao thuc khong cho la ta
tham ma biet ta v ngheo. Ta thng mu viec cho Bao Thuc ma cang that bai, Bao
Thuc khong cho la ta ngu ma biet rang thi co luc li, co luc bat li. Ta tng 3 lan
lam quan b uoi ca 3, Bao Thuc khong cho la ta bat tai ma biet rang ta khong gap
thi. Ta tng 3 lan ra tran, 3 lan thua chay, Bao Thuc khong cho la ta khiep nhc
ma biet ta con me gia. Cong t Cu that bai, Thieu Hot chet theo, ta chu nhuc trong
xe tu tam toi, Bao Thuc khong cho la ta vo liem s, biet ta khong then v tieu tiet ma
then v cong danh khong r rang trong thien ha. Sinh ta la cha me, biet ta la Bao
Thuc ay thoi !...
7.-Cai Ha chi khon
Hang Vng quan bch Cai Ha, binh thieu thc tan, Han quan cap ch hau
binh vi chi so trung. Da van Han quan t dien giai S ca, Hang Vng nai ai kinh,
viet:Han giai d ac S ho? Th ha S nhan chi a da?. Hang Vng tac da khi
am trng trung, hu my nhan danh Ngu thng hanh tong, tuan ma danh Chuy
thng k chi. th Hang Vng nai bi ca khang khai, t vi thi viet:
Lc bat sn he kh cai the !
Thi bat li he Chuy bat the !
Chuy bat the he kha nai ha !
Ngu he Ngu he nai nhc ha !
Ca so khuyet, my nhan hoa chi, Hang Vng khap so hang ha, ta hu giai
khap, mac nang ngng th.
th Hang Vng nai thng ma k, mac ha trang s k tong gia bat bach
d nhan, trc da hoi vi nam xuat tr tau. Bnh minh, Han quan nai giac chi, linh k
tng Quan Anh, d ngu thien k truy chi. Hang Vng o Hoai, k nang thuoc gia
bach d nhan nh. Hang Vng ch Am Lang, me that ao, van nhat ien phu. ien
phu ai viet:Ta !. Ta nai ham ai trach trung, d co Han truy cap chi. Hang
Vng nai phuc dan binh nhi ong, ch ong Thanh, nai hu nh thap bat k, Han
k truy gia so thien nhan. Hang Vng t o bat ac thoat, v ky k viet:Ngo khi
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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binh, ch kim bat tue hy, than that thap d chien, s ng gia pha, s kch gia
phuc, v thng bai bac, toai ba hu thien ha. Nhien kim tot khon th, th thien
chi vong nga, phi chien chi toi da ! Kim nhat co quyet t, nguyen v ch quan quyet
chien, tram tng, ngai ky, linh ch quan tri thien vong nga, phi chien chi toi da !
Nai phan ky k d vi t oi, t hng. Han quan vi chi so trung. Hang Vng v ky
k viet: Ngo v cong thu b nhat tng. Linh t dien k tr ha, ky sn ong vi tam
x. th Hang Vng ai ho tr ha, Han quan giai phi m, toai tram Han nhat
tng. Th thi Xch tuyen hau, vi k tng, truy Hang Vng. Hang Vng tan
muc sat chi, Xch tuyen hau nhan ma cau kinh, tch dch so ly. D ky k hoi vi tam
x, Han quan bat tri Hang Vng s tai, nai phan quan vi tam, phuc vi chi. Hang
Vng nai tr, phuc tram Han nhat o uy, sat so thap bach nhan, phuc tu ky k,
vong ky lng k nh. Nai v ky k viet: Ha nh ?. K giai phuc viet: Nh ai
vng ngon.
th Hang Vng nai duc ong o O Giang. O Giang nh trng ngha
thuyen ai, v Hang Vng viet: Giang ong tuy tieu, a phng thien ly, chung
so thap van nhan, diec tuc vng da, nguyen ai vng cap o. Kim oc than hu
thuyen, Han quan ch, vo d o. Hang Vng tieu viet: Thien chi vong nga, nga
ha o vi? Tha, Tch d Giang ong t e bat thien nhan o giang nhi tay, kim vo
nhat nhan hoan. Tung Giang ong phu huynh lien nhi vng nga, nga ha dien muc
kien chi? Tung b bat ngon, Tch oc bat quy tam ho?. Nai v nh trng viet:
Ngo tri cong trng gia. Ngo k th ma ngu tue, s ng vo ch, thng nhat nhat
hanh thien ly, bat nhan sat chi, d t cong. Nai linh k giai ha ma bo hanh, tr oan
binh tiep chien. oc Tch s sat Han binh so bach nhan, Hang Vng than diec b
thap d sang. Co kien Han k T ma La Ma ong, viet:Nhc phi ngo co nhan ho
?!. Ma ong dien chi, ch Vng E viet: Th Hang Vng da. Hang Vng nai
viet: Ngo van Han cau nga au thien kim, ap van ho, ngo v nhc c. Nai t
van nhi t.
Hang Vo b vay khon Cai Ha

Hang Vng ong quan Cai Ha, quan t ma lng thc lai het, quan Han va
quan ch hau bua vay may vong. em en nghe quan Han t pha eu ca nhng ca
khuc giong S, Hang Vng s qua, noi:
-Han lay c S roi ? Sao ngi S ong nh the nay !
Hang Vng em day uong ru trong trng. Theo hau Hang Vng thng
co my nhan ten la Ngu, nga cua Hang Vng thng ci la con tuan ma tap sac
mnh xanh om trang(nga Chuy). Hang Vng xuc ong than th, lam mot bai th
nh sau :
Sc nho nui ch, hung kh trum i !
Thi chang gap ch, nga Chuy chang chay !
Nga Chuy khong chay ch, con biet lam sao ?
Ngu i ! Ngu i ! Em roi ra sao ?
Hang Vng hat i hat lai may lt. Ngu my nhan hoa theo. Nc mat Hang
Vng gian giua. Ngi chung quanh eu khoc, khong mot ai nhn len.
Hang Vng len nga. Trang s di c len nga i theo hn tam tram ngi,
ang em pha vong vay xong ra ca nam phong chay. Sang ra quan Han mi biet,
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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cho k tng Quan Anh dan nam nghn k binh truy kch. Hang Vng qua song
Hoai, so quan theo kp ch con hn mot tram.. en Am Lang th Hang Vng lac
ng, hoi tham mot lao lam ruong. Ngi nay noi doi, bao:
-Chay ve pha trai.
Hang Vng chay ve pha trai, thanh ra lot vao gia mot khu am lay. V the
ma quan Han uoi kp. Hang Vng dan quan quay lai, chay ve pha ong, en ong
Thanh th von ven ch con co hai mi tam lnh k. Quan Han uoi theo ong ca may
ngan ngi. Biet mnh khong the tron thoat, Hang Vng noi vi s tot:
- Ta khi binh tnh en nay la tam nam, xong pha hn bay mi tran, cham
ch la thang, ong anh la c, cha thua bao gi, lam ba chu ca thien ha. The ma
nay b khon ay, o la tri bo ta, ch au phai tai ta dung binh vung. Hom nay, co
nhien la phai quyet t, au la ta anh mot tran cho khoai, nhat nh thu cho bang
c ba thang li nay: pha vong vay cho cac chu, chem au tng ch va chat gay
cay c cua ho, e cho cac chu thay rang: tri bo ta ch khong phai ta dung binh
vung.
Noi roi, chia quan ra lam bon top, hng ve bon mat. Quan Han bua vay may
vong. Hang Vng noi vi bo ha:
-Ta lay au mot vien tng ch cho cac chu ay.
Quan lnh c lenh: te nga xong ra t pha, roi sau o, se chia ong tai ba
ni a hen pha ong mot qua nui. Hang Vng ho to :
-Xong ra !
Quan Han tan loan, Hang Vng chem mot tng ch. Luc o k tng Xch
toan hau uoi theo Hang Vng. Hang Vng trng mat, mang. Xch toan hau, ca
ngi lan nga eu kinh hoang, thut lui lai en may dam.
Hang Vng chia quan ong ba ni. Khong biet ch xac cho Hang Vng , quan
Han chia lam ba canh, bua vay ca ba ni. Hang Vng phong nga xong ra, lai
chem chet mot vien o uy va ca tram quan Han na. Tap hp quan, kiem iem lai,
thay quan mnh ch hao co hai ngi. Hang Vng hoi:
-The nao?
Quan s eu phu phuc ap:
-Qua ung nh li ai vng.
Bay gi, Hang Vng toan qua song O Giang e rut ve ong. Vien nh
trng O Giang a neo thuyen vao b i san, noi vi Hang Vng rang:
-Mien Giang ong tuy nho, nhng at vuong ngan dam, dan so vai chuc van,
tng cung u e xng vng. Xin ai vng sang mau cho, luc nay ch co moi chiec
thuyen cua than, quan Han ti se khong co g ch ho qua song.
Hang Vng ci, noi:
-Tri bo ta, ta sang song lam g na ! Va lai, Tch nay cung tam ngan con em
at Giang ong vt song tien ve tay, nay khong con lay mot ngi nao cung tr ve.
Gia s cac bac cha anh Giang ong thng tnh ma ton ta lam vua, ta cung khong
con mat mui nao ma trong thay ho na. Du ho khong noi ra, th rieng ta t van lng
tam cung then ch !
Roi bao vien nh trng rang:
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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-Ta biet ong la bac trng gia; con nga nay cua ta, ta ci a nam nam nay,
khong nga nao sanh kp, thng mot ngay chay ca ngan dam, ta chang n giet no;
thoi, bieu ong.
Ben ra lenh cho quan s xuong nga i bo, cam oan binh tiep chien. Rieng
mot mnh Tch giet c may tram quan Han, tren ngi cung b hn mi vet
thng. Ngo lai thay tng cua Han la K t ma L Ma ong, Hang Vng noi:
-Co phai la co nhan cua ta o khong?
Ma ong nhan mat, ch cho Vng E, bao:
-Hang Vng ay !
Hang Vng noi:
-Ta nghe tin Han Vng mua cai au cua ta vi gia ngan datvang va phong
ap van ho. Thoi, ta lam qua cho nha ngi.
Ben t am co chet.
8.-Liem Pha, Lan Tng Nh liet truyen
Liem Pha gia, Trieu chi lng tng da. Trieu Hue Van vng thap luc
nien, Liem Pha vi Trieu tng, phat Te, ai pha chi, thu Dng Tan, bai vi Thng
khanh, d dung kh van ch hau.
Lan Tng Nh gia, Trieu nhan da, vi Trieu hoan gia lenh Mau Hien xa
nhan.
Trieu Hue Van vng thi, ac S Hoa th bch. Tan Chieu vng van chi,
s nhan khien Trieu vng th, nguyen d thap ngu thanh thnh dch bch. Trieu
vng d ai tng quan Liem Pha ch ai than mu:Duc d Tan, Tan thanh
khung bat kha ac, o kien khi; duc vat d, tc hoan Tan binh chi lai. Ke v nh.
Cau nhan kha s bao Tan gia, v ac.
Hoan gia lenh Mau Hien viet:Than xa nhan Lan Tng Nh kha s
Vng van:Ha d tri chi?
oi viet: Than thng hu toi, thiet ke duc vong tau Yen, than xa nhan
Tng Nh ch than, viet: Quan ha d tri Yen vng?. Than ng viet: Than
thng tong ai vng d Yen vng hoi canh thng, Yen vng t ac than thu,
viet:Nguyen ket hu. D th tri chi, co duc vang.
Tng Nh v than viet: Phu Trieu cng nhi Yen nhc, nhi quan hanh
Trieu vng, co Yen vng duc ket quan; kim quan nai vong Trieu tau Yen, Yen
uy Trieu, ky the tac bat cam lu quan, nhi thuc quan quy Trieu hy. Quan bat nh
nhuc an phuc phu ch thnh toi, tac hanh ac thoat hy. Than tong ky ke, ai
vng diec hanh xa than, than thiet d vi ky nhan dung s, hu tr mu, nghi kha
s.
th vng trieu kien, van Lan Tng Nh viet: Tan vng d thap ngu
thanh thnh dch qua nhan chi bch, kha d bat?.
Tng Nh viet: Tan cng nhi Trieu nhc, bat kha bat ha.
Vng viet: Thu ngo bch bat d nga thanh, nai ha?.
Tng Nh viet: Tan d thanh cau bch nhi Trieu bat ha, khuc tai Trieu.
Trieu d bch nhi Tan bat d Trieu thanh, khuc tai Tan. Quan chi nh sach, ninh ha
d phu Tan khuc.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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Vng viet: Thuy kha s gia?.

Tng Nh viet: Vng tat vo nhan, than nguyen phung bch vang, s
thanh nhap Trieu nhi bch lu Tan; thanh bat nhap, than thnh hoan bch quy
Trieu.
Trieu vng th toai khien Tng Nh phung bch tay nhap Tan.
Tan vng toa Chng ai kien Tng Nh. Tng Nh phung bch tau Tan
vng. Tan vng ai hy, truyen d th my nhan cap ta hu. Ta hu giai ho van tue.
Tng Nh th Tan vng vo y thng Trieu thanh, nai tien viet: Bch hu
ha, thnh ch th vng. Vng thu bch. Tng Nh nhan tr bch khc lap, y tru,
no phat thng xung quan, v Tan vng viet: ai vng duc ac bch, s nhan
phat th ch Trieu vng; Trieu vng tat trieu quan than ngh, giai viet:Tan tham,
phu ky cng, d khong ngon cau bch, thng thanh khung bat kha ac. Ngh bat
duc d Tan bch. Than d vi bo y chi giao, thng bat tng khi, huong ai quoc ho?
Tha d nhat bch chi co, nghch cng Tan chi hoan, bat kha. th Trieu vng nai
trai gii ngu nhat, s than phung bch bai tong th nh. Ha da? Nghiem ai quoc
chi uy, d tu knh da. Kim than ch, ai vng kien than, liet quan le tiet tham c,
ac bch truyen chi my nhan, d hy long than. Than quan ai vng vo y thng
Trieu vng thanh ap, co than phuc thu bch. ai vng tat duc cap than, than au
kim d bch cau toai tru hy.
Tng Nh tr ky bch, nghe tru, duc d kch tru. Tan vng khung ky pha
bch nai t ta co thnh; trieu Hu ty an o, ch tong th d vang thap ngu o d
Trieu. Lan Tng Nh o Tan vng ac d tra dng vi d Trieu thanh, thc bat
kha ac, nai v Tan vng viet:Hoa th bch, thien ha s cong truyen bao da. Trieu
vng khung, bat cam bat hien. Trieu vng tong bch thi, trai gii ngu nhat; kim
ai vng diec nghi trai gii ngu nhat, thiet cu tan nh, than nai cam thng
bch.
Tan vng o chi, chung bat kha cng oat, toai ha trai ngu nhat, xa
Tng Nh Quang Thanh truyen xa.
Tng Nh o Tan vng tuy trai, quyet phu c bat thng thanh, nai s
ky tong gia y hat, hoai ky bch, tong knh ao vong, quy bch Trieu.
Tan vng trai ngu nhat hau, nai thiet cu tan le nh, dan Trieu s gia
Lan Tng Nh. Tng Nh ch, v Tan vng viet: Tan t Muc cong d lai, nh
thap d quan, v thng hu kien minh c thuc gia da. Than thanh khung kien khi
vng nhi phu Trieu, co linh nhan tr bch quy, gian ch Trieu hy. Tha Tan cng
nhi Trieu nhc, ai vng khien nhat gii chi s ch Trieu, Trieu lap phung bch
lai. Kim d Tan chi cng nhi tien cat thap ngu o d Trieu, Trieu khi cam lu
bch nhi ac toi ai vng ho? Than tri khi ai vng chi toi ng tru, than thnh
tu thang hoach! Duy ai vng d quan than thuc ke ngh chi !.
Tan vng d quan than tng th nhi hy. Ta hu hoac duc dan Tng Nh
kh, Tan vng nhan viet: Kim sat Tng Nh, chung bat nang ac bch da nhi
tuyet Tan Trieu chi hoan, bat nh nhan nhi hau ngo chi, s quy Trieu. Trieu vng
khi d nhat bch chi co khi Tan da?. Tot nh kien Tng Nh, tat le nhi quy chi.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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Tng Nh ky quy, Trieu vng d vi hien ai phu, s bat nhuc ch hau,

bai Tng Nh vi thng ai phu. Tan diec bat d thanh d Trieu; Trieu diec chung
bat d Tan bch.
Ky hau, Tan phat Trieu, bat Thach Thanh. Minh nien, phuc cong Trieu, sat
nh van nhan. Tan vng s s gia cao Trieu vng, duc d vng vi hao, hoi Tay
Ha ngoai Man Tr. Trieu vng uy Tan, duc vo hanh. Liem Pha, Lan Tng Nh
ke viet: Vng bat hanh, th Trieu nhc tha khiep da. Trieu vng toai hanh,
Tng Nh tong. Liem Pha tong ch canh, d vng quyet viet: Vng hanh, o
ao ly hoi ngo chi le tat, hoan bat qua tam thap nhat, tam thap nhat bat hoan, tac
thnh lap thai t vi vng, d tuyet Tan vong. Vng ha chi. Toai d Tan vng
hoi Man Tr.
Tan vng am tu ham, viet: Qua nhan thiet van Trieu vng hao am,
thnh tau cam!. Trieu vng co sat. Tan ng s tien th viet: Mo nien nguyet
nhat, Tan vng d Trieu vng hoi am, linh Trieu vng co sat. Lan Tng Nh
tien viet: Trieu vng thiet van Tan vng thien vi Tan thanh, thnh phung bon
ngoa Tan vng, d tng ngu lac. Tan vng no, bat ha. th Tng Nh tien
tien ngoa, nhan quy thnh Tan vng. Tan vng bat khang kch ngoa, Tng Nh
viet: Ngu bo chi noi, Tng Nh thnh ac d canh huyet tien ai vng hy. Ta
hu duc nhan Tng Nh, Tng Nh trng muc sat chi, ta hu giai m. th Tan
vng bat dch, vi nhat kch ngoa. Tng Nh co trieu Trieu ng s th viet: Mo
nien nguyet nhat, Tan vng v Trieu vng kch ngoa. Tan chi quan than viet:
Thnh d Trieu thap ngu thanh vi Tan vng tho !. Lan Tng Nh diec
viet:Thnh d Tan chi Ham Dng vi Trieu vng tho !. Tan vng canh tu,
chung bat nang thang Trieu; Trieu diec thnh thiet binh d ai Tan, Tan bat cam
ong.
Ky bai, quy quoc, d Tng Nh cong ai, bai vi thng khanh, v tai Liem
Pha chi hu. Liem Pha viet: Nga vi Trieu tng, hu cong thanh da chien chi
cong; nhi Lan Tng Nh o d khau thiet vi lao, nhi v c nga thng; tha Tng
Nh to tien nhan, ngo tu, bat nhan v chi ha. Tuyen ngon viet: Nga kien Tng
Nh, tat nhuc chi !. Tng Nh van, bat khang d hoi. Tng Nh moi trieu thi,
thng xng benh, bat duc d Liem Pha tranh liet. D nhi Tng Nh xuat, vong
kien Liem Pha, Tng Nh dan xa t nac. th xa nhan tng d gian viet: Than
s d kh than thch nhi s quan gia, o mo quan chi cao ngha da. Kim quan d
Liem Pha ong liet, Liem quan tuyen ac ngon, nhi quan uy nac chi, khung cu thu
tham: tha dung nhan thng tu chi, huong tng tng ho? Than ang bat tieu,
thnh t kh !. Lan Tng Nh co ch chi, viet: Cong chi th Liem tng quan
thuc d Tan vng?. Viet: Bat nhc da !. Tng Nh viet: Phu d Tan vng
chi uy, nhi Tng Nh nh sat chi, nhuc ky quan than; Tng Nh tuy no, oc uy
Liem tng quan tai ! Co ngo niem chi: cng Tan chi s d bat cam gia binh
Trieu gia, o d ngo lng nhan tai da. Kim lng ho cong au, ky the bat cau sinh.
Ngo s d vi th gia, d tien quoc gia chi cap, nhi hau t thu da.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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Liem Pha van chi, nhuc an phu kinh, nhan tan khach ch Lan Tng Nh
mon ta toi, viet: B tien chi nhan bat tri tng quan khoan chi ch th da. Tot
tng d hoan, vi van canh chi giao.
Truyen Liem Pha - Lan Tng Nh
Liem Pha la mot tng gioi cua nc Trieu. i Trieu Hue Van Vng, nam
th 16, Liem Pha lam tng nc Trieu, anh Te ai bai, lay c Dng Tan va
c lanh chc Thng khanh, noi tieng vi ch hau la ngi co dung kh.
Lan Tng Nh, ngi nc Trieu, la xa nhan cua vien Thai giam trng
trong cung ten la Mau Hien.
Trieu Hue Van Vng c ngoc Hoa bch cua nc S. Hay tin ay, Tan
Chieu Vng gi th cho Trieu vng xin oi mi lam thanh lay vien ngoc bch.
Trieu vng ban vi ai tng quan Liem Pha va cac ai than: Cho Tan th s b
la, thanh chang c ma mat khong ngoc; khong cho th s Tan em quan anh .
Cha biet nen nh the nao.Tm ngi kha d sai i s Tan cung cha c ai. Thu
lanh thai giam Mau Hien noi:
-Vien xa nhan, ten Lan Tng Nh cua than co the i s Tan c.
Vua hoi:
-Sao biet?
Tha:
-Trc ay, co lan than pham toi, nh bo tron sang nc Yen. Vien xa nhan
Tng Nh can va hoi than: Tai sao ngai quen Yen vng?. Than ap: Ta tng
theo ai vng hoi ngh vi Yen vng tren lanh tho Trieu. Yen vng cam tay ta,
noi: Xin ket ban, do o ta c quen Yen vng va bi the ta muon i sang Yen.
Lan Tng Nh noi vi than: Nc Trieu manh, nc Yen yeu, ma ngai lai c
Trieu vng yeu, cho nen Yen vng mi muon ket giao vi ngai. Nay ngai lai bo
Trieu tron sang Yen, Yen s Trieu tat khong dam cha ma con troi nop cho vua
Trieu la khac. Tot hn het la ngai nen ci tran phu phuc ma chu toi, may ra con
thoat. Than theo li khuyen o va ai vng a gia an xa toi cho than that. Than
trom ngh ngi o la mot dung s, co tr mu, nen cho i s Tan.
Trieu vng ben vi Lan Tng Nh vao, hoi:
-Tan vng xin oi mi lam thanh lay vien ngoc Hoa bch cua qua nhan, co
nen oi khong?
Tng Nh ap:
-Tan manh ma Trieu yeu, khong the khong oi c.
-Lay c ngoc roi ma khong giao thanh cho ta, th lam the nao?
-Tan oi thanh lay ngoc ma Trieu khong oi th loi ve phan Trieu. Trieu cho
ngoc ma Tan khong giao thanh th loi ve phan Tan. Can nhac hai ang, nen e cho
Tan mang tieng trai.
-Ai i s c bay gi?
-Neu qua ai vng khong co ngi, th than xin lnh ngoc bch i s. Thanh
giao cho Trieu th ngoc lai at Tan, thanh khong giao th than xin em ngoc bch
con nguyen ven ve, tra lai Trieu.
Trieu vng ben sai Tng Nh mang ngoc bch sang Tan.
Vua Tan ng hanh cung Chng ai. Tng Nh nang ngoc bch dang Tan
vng. Tan vng mng lam, a ngoc cho cac my nhan va bon ta hu lan lt cung
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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coi. Bon ta hu eu ho van tue. Xem y Tan vng khong muon giao thanh e ap
lai, Tng Nh ben tien len, tha rang:
-Ngoc bch ay co vet, than xin ch cho ai vng.
Tan vng trao lai ngoc. Tng Nh c dp, nam chat lay ngoc, lui lai may
bc, ta lng vao cot, ham ham noi gian, toc dng ngc lat ca mu, bao Tan vng
rang:
-ai vng muon c ngoc bch, gi thu en Trieu vng. Trieu vng hop
quan than lai ban, quan than eu noi: Nc Tan tham, y manh, dung li noi suong
oi cho c ngoc bch, ch kho long chu giao thanh cho Trieu. Moi ngi quyet
ngh khong cho ngoc. Rieng than ngh: Bon ao vai chi vi nhau con chang la ao
nhau, huong ho la mot nc ln. Va lai, v mot vien ngoc bch ma lam cho nc Tan
hung manh phai buon long la ieu khong nen. Bay gi Trieu vng mi trai gii
trong nam ngay, sai than bng ngoc bch cung vi quoc th en ay lay dang ai
vng. Tai sao vay? Tai quy trong uy vong cua mot nc ln, nen mi x s cung
knh nh the. Nay than en ay, ai vng lai tiep than tai mot hanh cung (ch
khong phai ni trieu nh) mot cach rat la ngao man; c ngoc roi, lai a cho
cac my nhan xem, nh co y gieu ct than. Xem chng ai vng khong co y anh oi
thanh ap, cho nen than lay lai ngoc. Neu qua ai vng nh bc bach than, th au
than cung ngoc bch se tan tanh tai cai cot nay.
Tng Nh tay cam ngoc, mat liec cot, nh the sap ap. Tan vng s Tng
Nh ap that th v mat ngoc, ben nan n ta loi, trieu vien quan hu trach em a o
ra ch mi lam thanh, nao t au en au se giao cho Trieu. Biet y Tan vng ch
v vt ch khong that long trao thanh cho Trieu, Lan Tng Nh ben noi vi Tan
vng:
-Ngoc bch ho Hoa la bao vat lng danh truyen chung trong thien ha. Trieu
vng s, cho nen khong dam khong dang. Trc khi trao ngoc, Trieu vng a trai
gii nam ngay, nay ai vng cung nen trai gii nam ngay, roi thiet le cu tan
gia trieu nh th than mi dam dang ngoc.
Lieu chng khong the cng oat c, Tan vng ben ha se trai gii nam
ngay va mi Tng Nh ve ngh khach quan Quang Thanh.
oan chng rang Tan vng tuy trai gii ay nhng nhat nh se boi c,
Tng Nh cho tuy vien cua mnh cai trang, len theo ng tat, em ngoc ve Trieu.
Sau nam ngay trai gii, Tan vng at le cu tan ni trieu nh va mi
Lan Tng Nh, v s gia cua vua Trieu, ti d. Tng Nh en, noi vi Tan vng:
-Nc Tan, vi hn hai chuc ong vua, ke t Muc cong en nay, cha tng bao
gi giao c minh bach va chac chan vi ai, cho nen that tnh than e ngai b ai
vng la gat va do o phu long Trieu vng; bi vay than a sai ngi mang ngoc
bch ve, luc nay a ti nc Trieu roi. Nc Tan manh, nc Trieu yeu, ai vng
sai s gia mot mnh sang Trieu, tc th Trieu phai em ngoc lai dang ngay. Manh
nh Tan ma bay gi cat mi lam thanh nhng cho Trieu trc, th le nao Trieu
dam gi lai ngoc e ac toi vi ai vng? Than biet rang than to ve ngao man vi
ai vng la ang toi chet, vay than xin en ben vac dau va tuy ai vng cung cac
be toi cua ai vng suy tnh cho ky ma quyet nh.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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Tan vng va quan than nhn nhau chng hng, bon ta hu co ngi moi loi
ngay Tng Nh i(chem). Thay the, Tan vng noi: Bay gi co giet Tng Nh th
rot cuoc cung chang c ngoc bch ma lai tuyet mat moi giao hao gia Tan va
Trieu, chi bang nhan dp nay, hau ai han, cho han ve Trieu, Trieu vng ha lai v
mot vien ngoc bch ma la gat nc Tan ?. Rot cuoc, Tan vng tiep Tng Nh
mot cach trong the ngay trieu nh, le cu tan xong, a ong ve Trieu.
Tng Nh ve Trieu, Trieu vng cho Tng Nh xung ang la mot quan ai
phu hien tai a khong lam nhuc s menh nc ch hau va c ong len lam Thng
ai phu. Tan khong cho Trieu at ma Trieu cung khong cho Tan ngoc.
Sau, Tan anh Trieu, ha c Thach Thanh. Nam sau lai anh Trieu, giet
chet hai van ngi.Tan vng sai s gia sang noi cho Trieu vng biet muon m hoa
hoi vi Trieu tai Man Tr, pha ngoai Tay Ha. Trieu vng s Tan, tnh khong i d.
Liem Pha va Lan Tng Nh ban rang:
-ai vng khong i la to ra Trieu yeu va khiep s.
Trieu vng ben i, co Tng Nh i theo. Liem Pha a en bien canh, luc
tng biet, giao hen vi vua:
-ai vng i, ke ca th gi i, ve va hoi hop, se khong qua ba mi ngay. Ba
mi ngay ma khong thay ai vng ve th nen cho lap thai t len ngoi e cho Tan
het hy vong(bat chet).
Trieu vng bang long va en Man Tr hoi kien vi Tan vng. Ru ang
luc say vui, Tan vng noi:
-Qua nhan trom nghe noi Trieu vng a chi nhac, vay xin Trieu vng tau
an sat.
Trieu vng gay an sat. Quan ng s nc Tan tien len lam cong viec ky s
viet rang: Nam ay, ngay thang ay, Tan vng hoi am vi Trieu vng va sai Trieu
vng tau an sat. Lan Tng Nh tien len, noi:
-Trieu vng trom nghe noi Tan vng rat sanh nghe cac ieu hat cua nc
Tan, vay xin dang Tan vng cai vo ru e Tan vng anh nhp, cho cuoc cung
nhau an hat them vui.
Tan vng noi gian, khong chu. Tc th Tng Nh cam chiec vo tien len,
quy luon xuong trc mat Tan vng. Tan vng van khong chu anh nhp. Tng
Nh noi:
-Ch con cach ai vng co khong ay nam thc, Tng Nh toi xin c
lay mau co ma vay vao ai vng.
Bon ta hu cua Tan vng muon am Tng Nh. Tng Nh trng mat thet
mang, lam cho bon ta hu s khiep. Tan vng long tuy khong vui, nhng cung phai
mien cng go nhp vay. Tng Nh ngoai lai oi quan ng s nc Trieu ti, bao
viet: Nam ay, ngay thang ay, Tan vng v Trieu vng ma go vo ru cam nhp.
Quan than nc Tan noi:
-Xin mi lam thanh nc Trieu lam le mng tho Tan vng!
Lan Tng Nh cung noi:
-Xin kinh o Ham Dng nc Tan lam le mng tho Trieu vng!
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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Tan vng bai tiec, rot cuoc khong thu thang c vi Trieu. Trieu cung
chuan b binh ve, e phong viec bat trac xay ra t pha Tan. Va Tan khong dam sinh
s.
Tr ve Trieu, v co cong ln, Tng Nh c thang lam Thng khanh, tren
ca Liem Pha. Liem Pha noi:
-Ta la ai tng cua nc Trieu, tac chien, ha thanh, cong trang ln the, ma
Lan Tng Nh ch nh vao mieng li a ay lai c ngoi cao hn ta. Va, Tng
Nh von xuat than hen ha, ta lay lam xau ho, khong chu hang di han.
Va tuyen bo rang:
-Ta gap Tng Nh, nhat nh phai lam nhuc han.
Tng Nh c tin o, tranh khong chu gap mat Liem Pha. Moi khi thiet
trieu, Tng Nh thng cao benh e khoi phai tranh v th tren di vi Liem Pha.
Ve sau, co lan ra ng, thay bong Liem Pha, Tng Nh ngoat xe lan tranh. am
xa nhan cua Tng Nh can gian:
-Chung toi s d bo ca ba con ho hang en ay th ngai ch v ham mo ngai
la ngi cao ngha. Nay ngai vi Liem Pha cung la ai khanh ca, vay ma Liem Pha
buong tieng ac vi ngai, ngai lai lan tranh, s hai qua lam, bon dung tuc cung con
lay the lam xau ho, huong ho la bac khanh tng nh ngai ! Thoi, chung toi b lau
tam thng, xin t biet ngai.
Lan Tng Nh co neo lai, noi:
-Cac ong hay th so sanh, xem Liem tng quan co ang s bang Tan vng
khong?
ap:
-Khong bang.
Tng Nh noi:
-Tan vng uy ln nh the, ma Tng Nh toi dam mang vao mat gia chon
trieu nh va lam nhuc ca bon bay toi cua han ay. Du rang kem coi, Tng Nh toi
au en noi lai s Liem tng quan! Nhng Tng Nh toi thiet ngh: s d nc Tan
hung cng kia khong dam em quan anh Trieu, la v ay con co hai chung toi.
Hai con ho ma choi nhau, th the tat phai con song, con chet. S d Tng Nh toi
nhan nhuc nhng nhn, la v Tng Nh toi e moi nguy cua quoc gia len tren cai
hiem thu ca nhan ay thoi.
Li noi nay en tai Liem Pha. Liem Pha ci tran, lng mang canh co gai,
nhan danh la khach, en nha Tng Nh ta toi:
-Con ngi e tien nay, khong ng tng quan rong lng tha th en o ay.
Rot cuoc, hai ben vui ve vi nhau, ket lam oi ban the cung song chet.
9.-Thch khach liet truyen
(Tom lc theo ban dch cua Gian Chi)
-Tao Mat : Ngi nc Lo, nh co sc khoe c Lo Trang cong dung lam
tng, cam quan anh Te 3 lan eu thua ca ba. Trang cong s, dang at Toai Ap e
cau hoa, nhng van gi Tao Mat lam tng.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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Te Hoan cong hen vi Lo Trang cong hoi minh ap Kha. ang luc hanh le,
Tao Mat cam cay chuy thu, len an uy hiep Te Hoan cong, buoc ha tra lai nhng
at ai ma Te a chiem cua Lo trong 3 lan ay. Trong tnh the bc bach, Te Hoan
cong phai lam theo.
Sau khi thoat hiem, Te Hoan cong toan boi c, Quan Trong can:
-Khong nen! Tham cai li nho e thoa long t ai cua mnh ma bo tn ngha
oi vi cac nc nho, lam mat s ung ho cua thien ha th khong bang c gi li ha
ma tra lai at th hay hn.
Te Hoan cong ben tra lai cho Lo tat ca nhng at ai cua Lo a b mat trong
3 lan Tao Mat bai tran.
Sau o 167 nam, lai co vu Chuyen Ch nc Ngo.
- Chuyen Ch : Ngi ng Ap, nc Ngo.
Ngu T T v han S Bnh vng giet hai cha va anh mnh nen bo S chay
en nc Ngo, thuyet phuc Ngo vng Vng Lieu hng binh phat S, nhng
Vng Lieu khong nghe. Sau o, biet cong t Quang nuoi ch noi phan nen tien c
Chuyen Ch hanh thch Vng Lieu. Gap c Chuyen Ch, cong t Quang tiep
ai nh thng khach.
Chn nam sau, S Bnh vng mat. Nhan luc S co ai tang, Vng Lieu sai
hai em la cong t Cai D va Chuc Dung em quan vay ap Tiem cua S nhng lai
b quan S cat ng rut lui.
Nhan c hoi o, Cong t Quang ben at tiec ru mi Vng Lieu, phuc san
giap s trong ham nha, tha c hanh thch.
Vng Lieu trai quan t cung en nha Quang, trang b gm 2 li can dai,
hai ben cho nao cung toan ngi than tn.
Ru en luc nga say, Quang v nh chan co tat, tap tenh xuong nha ham,
sai Chuyen Ch nhet cay chuy thu vao bung con ca nng, em len dang. en
trc mat, Chuyen Ch g ca, tha c rut cay chuy thu am chet Vng Lieu. Bon
ho ve Vng Lieu tuy giet c Chuyen Ch nhng eu b quan giap s xong len
giet sach.
Cong t Quang t lap lam vua, tc Ngo Hap L, phong con cua Chuyen Ch
lam thng khanh.
Hn 70 nam sau, lai co vu D Nhng nc Tan.
- D Nhng : Ngi nc Tan, tng th ho Pham va ho Trung Hang ma
chang ai biet tieng. Roi Tr Ba diet ho Pham va Trung Hang, D Nhng ve th Tr
Ba, c Tr Ba rat knh yeu. Khi Tr Ba b Tam Tan diet, Trieu Tng T, v thu
sau, cho sn xng so cua Tr Ba dung lam to ng ru. D Nhng a tron vao
nui, c tin, noi: Hi i ! ke s v tri ky ma hy sinh, ngi ep v tnh lang ma
trang iem. Tr Ba la tri ky cua ta, ta tat pha hy sinh ma bao thu e ta long tri ky th
hon phach ta mi khong ho then.
Roi D Nhng oi ho ten, gia lam tu nhan phuc dch, vao cung sa nha x,
dau san cay chuy thu, cot e giet Tng T.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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Trieu Tng T en nha x, cht rung mnh, cho ngi tra hoi lung bat, th
ra la D Nhng. Cam ngha kh cua D Nhng, va Tr Ba chet khong co con
chau noi doi, nen Tng T tha cho.
t lau sau, D Nhng boi sn vao mnh cho sng loet nh ngi b hui, nuot
than cho mat tieng, len vao thanh Tan Dng, gia lam an may gia ch ma en v
con cung chang nhan ra, lai tm cach hanh thch Trieu Tng T.
Ngay khanh thanh cau Tan Dng, D Nhng phuc san di gam cau ch
giet Trieu Tng T, nhng lai b phat hien. Cuoi cung, sau ba lan am vao chiec
ao bao do Tng T ban cho(gia bao c thu), D Nhng ke gm vao co ma t
van.
Hn 40 nam sau, lai co vu Nhiep Chnh ap Ch.
-Nhiep Chnh ngi lang Tham Tnh, ap Ch, v giet ngi, muon tranh ke
thu, cung me va ch tron sang nc Te, lam nghe mo tht. Sau o kha lau, Nghiem
Trong T Boc Dng th Han Ai hau, co chuyen hiem khch vi tng quoc nc
Han la Hiep Luy, s b giet, bo tron ra nc ngoai, tm ngi bao thu Hiep Luy.
Biet Nhiep Chnh la tay dung s, Trong T en xin gap, dung 100 dat vang
mng tho cu ba va nh Nhiep Chnh hanh thch Hiep Luy. Nhiep Chnh khong nhan
le va cha dam ha giup v con me gia phai phung dng. Sau, me Nhiep Chnh
mat, ma chay xong, tang phuc man, Nhiep Chnh en Boc Dng tm gap Trong T
va t nguyen giup sc e en n tri ngo.
Nhiep Chnh mot mnh eo gm en nc Han, xong thang vao tng phu,
giet chet Hiep Luy roi t lot da mat, khoet mat, mo bung t van.
Nc Han em thay Nhiep Chnh beu gia ch, treo giai nghn vang ma
khong ai biet c tung tch ke hanh thch.
Ngi ch hay tin, lap tc en ch nc Han, th ra ke hanh thch chnh la
em mnh. Co om thay ma than khoc, noi ro ten ho que quan va hanh ong trong
ngha cua Nhiep Chnh cho moi ngi biet roi t van chet ben xac em. Ngi cac
nc Tan, S, Te, Ve... nghe tin eu khen khong ch Nhiep Chnh gioi ma ngi
ch Nhiep Chnh cung la mot trang liet n.
Hn 250 nam sau, lai co vu Kinh Kha nc Tan.
Kinh Kha ngi nc Ve, thch oc sach, sanh mon anh kiem, em kiem
thuat thuyet Ve Nguyen quan nhng khong c dung. Kinh Kha di tr ve Te,
ngi Te goi la Khanh Khanh; sau lai di en nc Yen, ngi Yen goi la Kinh
Khanh. Hang ngay, Kinh Kha cung bon mo cho va Cao Tiem Ly say sa, an hat
gia ch nc Yen, song rat phong tung.
Thai t an nc Yen lam con tin Tan, von co tham thu vi Tan vng
Chnh nen tron ve Yen, tm ngi hanh thch Tan vng. Qua li tien c cua ien
Quang, thai t Yen an ai Kinh Kha vao hang thng khach, ton lam thng
khanh, cung mu viec chong Tan.
en khi Tan a pha c Trieu, Vng Tien tien quan ap bien gii pha
nam nc Yen, Kinh Kha mi cung Tan Vu Dng em 2 le vat la thu cap Phan O
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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Ky va ban a o vung at oc Hang co giau con dao chuy thu, vt song Dch vao
at Tan hanh thch Tan vng.
Viec khong thanh, Kinh Kha b giet chet.
Tan vng gian sai Vng Tien them quan anh gap nc Yen, truy bat thai
t Yen an va nhng ke ong mu.Yen vng H phai sai ngi chem au thai t
Yen an em nop e giai hoa nhng cung khong can c bc tien cua quan Tan.
Roi Cao Tiem Ly mu giet Tan vng cung that bai.
Nam nam sau, Tan diet Yen.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 65 -
CAU HOI ON TAP CHNG II

1. Cac s kien ang lu y trong cuoc i T Ma Thien.
2. Giai thch va minh hoa cu the cau noi s gia chi tuyet xng, vo van
chi Ly Tao cua Lo Tan khi nhan nh gia tr tac pham S Ky cua T
Ma Thien.
3. Phan tch nghe thuat t s thien Liem Pha Lan Tng Nh truyen.
4. Nhan nh ve moi tng quan gia cuoc i T Ma Thien va nhng
trang viet ve tnh ban tri ky va nhng hanh ong anh hung hao han cua
mot so nhan vat trong S Ky.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHNG II

2. Gian Chi va Nguyen Hien Le(dch va chu thch), S Ky cua T Ma
Thien, Nxb La Boi, 1972.
3. Lng Duy Th, Bai giang Van hoc Trung Quoc, Tu sach HTH Tp.
Ho Ch Minh, 1995, tr. 51-66.
4. Nguyen Hien Le, ai cng van hoc s Trung Quoc(Quyen 1), Nxb
Nguyen Hien Le, Saigon, 1964.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 66 -
CHNG III. TH VAN THI NG TONG (618 - 1279)
TIET I : TH
3.1.-TH I NG(618-907):
3.1.1.- S ng(618-713):
Bao quat thi gian t nam au nien hieu Vu c i ng Cao To (618)
en nam au nien hieu Khai Nguyen i ng Huyen Tong(713): noi dung t
tng va hnh thc nghe thuat dan dan hnh thanh va phat trien, at nen mong cho
s hng thnh cua thi ky sau.
Co 3 noi dung chnh: mieu ta cuoc song am bac, bnh d cua nhng nhan
nhan dat s ni thon da(phai th sn thuy ien vien - Vng Tch); ca ngi tnh chat
hao hung cua ke nam nhi ngoai chien a hoac tam tnh thng nh cua ngi chinh
phu ni phong khue(phai th bien tai - Dng Quynh, Tham Thuyen Ky, Trng
Cu Linh) hoac giai bay tam tnh hoai co, tnh cam ban be, nhng dan vat suy t
tinh te cua con ngi trc cuoc song(phai th tr tnh lang man - Vng Bot, L
Chieu Lan, Lac Tan Vng, Tong Chi Van, Vi Tha Khanh).
Th ca au thi S ng con t nhieu chu anh hng phong cach diem le
phu hoa thi Luc Trieu, en khi Tran T Ngang va Trng Cu Linh co vu phong
trao phuc hoi phong cot Han Nguy -va vi s kien toan cua the luat thi- th tnh y
va ngon t trong th dan dan tr nen chan thc, gian d, lam xuc ong long ngi,
m ra vien canh tot ep cua thi Thnh ng.
3.1.1.1-Phai th sn thuy ien vien:
-Vng Tch (585-644): Chu cua Vng Bot, ke tha phong cach th cua ao Tiem thi ong
Tan, noi tieng la nha th sn thuy ien vien thi S ng.
1.DA VONG
ong cao bac mo vong,
T y duc ha y.
Thu thu giai thu sac,
Sn sn duy lac huy.
Muc ong khu oc phan,
Liep ma i cam quy.
Tng co vo tng thc,
Trng ca hoai thai vi.
Ngam canh ong

Chieu lai nhn nng noi,
Lan la nhng da ke.
Mau cay thu a nhuom,
nh nui nang con hoe.
Don nghe, ngi chan lai,
eo chim, nga ban ve.
Nhn nhau eu la mat,
Hat van nh Di, Te.
(Ngo Tat To dch)
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 67 -
Nha tren nui

Bnh sinh vui vi ru,
Ban tnh biet noi sao?
Sang ra tham lang xom,
Toi en tang ru nhau.
2.SN GIA
Bnh sinh duy tu lac,
Tac tnh bat nang vo.
Trieu trieu phong hng ly,
Da da dch nhan co.
Gia ban lu khach cu,
Bat ha ao tinh tho.
Tru liem tr ch c,
Bac trach canh nhien lo.
Hang van am bat tuc,
Ha kien tu tan ho?
Nha ngheo thng gi khach,

Vung kheo chang noi vao !
Bc manh tre gi la,
ot chieu la chay mau.
Ru thng uong khong u,
au nghe ru lng bau?
3.1.1.2-Phai th bien tai:

-Dng Quynh( ? - 692): Ngi at Hoa Am, tnh Thiem Tay. Tnh rat t phu, thng noi:
Nga qui tai L tien, s c Vng hau( Ta ho then trc L Chieu Lan, sau Vng Bot)
Bai ca tong quan
Tong quan hanh
La hieu rc Tay kinh,
Phong hoa chieu tay kinh,

Tam trung t bat bnh.
Nha chng t Phung khuyet,
Thiet k nhieu Long thanh.
Van am ieu ky hoa,
Phong a tap co thanh.
Ninh vi bach phu trng,
Thang tac nhat th sinh.
Long ta thay bat bnh.

Binh phu ri Phung khuyet,
K ma ruoi Long thanh.
May toi m c trai,
Gio nhieu lan trong dinh.
Tha lam bach phu trng,
Hn la ga th sinh.
-Tham Thuyen Ky(?-713?): T Van Khanh, ngi at Noi Hoang, Tng Chau, o tien s
nam 675, nhieu thang tram tren hoan lo. Cung Tong Chi Van te danh, c ngi i xng tung la
Tham Tong nh gia.
Tap thi
Van ao Hoang Long thu,
Tan nien bat giai binh.
Kha lien khue ly nguyet,
Trng tai Han gia doanh.
Thieu phu kim xuan y,
Lng nhan tac da tnh.
Thuy nang tng ky co,
Nhat v thu Long thanh?
Th tap
Nghe noi Hoang Long thu,
Bao nam khong giai ngu.
Phong khue trang doi soi,
Doanh trai Han m to.
Long v tre xuan nay,
Tnh chong xa buoi o,
Ai au noi trong c,
Chiem lay Long thanh h?
(Khng Hu dung dch)
-Trng Cu Linh(673-740): T T Tho, ngi Thieu Chau, tnh Quang ong, lam quan en
chc Thng th Hu tha tng. Tnh cng trc, b Ly Lam Phu giem pha, biem lam trng s
Kinh Chau roi mat tai ay.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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T quan chi xuat hy

T quan chi xuat hy,
Bat phuc ly tan ky.
T quan nh nguyet man,
Da da giam quang huy.
T khi anh bc i roi

T khi anh bc i roi,
C canh em chang oai hoai sm hom.
Nh anh nh tam trang tron,
em em vang vo hao mon vi trang.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
-3.1.1.3-Phai th tr tnh lang man:

-Vng Bot(647-675): T T An, ngi Thiem Tay, Long Mon, gioi ca th lan van. Xep hang
au trong t kiet: Vng Bot, Dng Quynh, L Chieu Lan va Lac Tan Vng. Co Vng T An tap.
c nhieu ngi biet tieng do bai ang Vng cac t. Chu y cau: Lac ha d co vu te phi, thu thuy
cong trng thien nhat sac.
1.ang vng cac

ang vng cao cac lam giang ch,
Boi ngoc minh loan bai ca vu.
Hoa ong trieu phi Nam Pho van,
Chu liem mo quyen Tay Sn vu.
Nhan van am anh nhat du du,
Vat hoan tinh di ky o thu.
Cac trung e t kim ha tai?
Ham ngoai Trng giang khong t lu.
2.Tong o Thieu phu chi nham
Thuc Xuyen
Thanh khuyet phu Tam Tan,
Phong yen vong ngu tan.
D quan ly biet y,
ong th hoan du nhan.
Hai noi ton tri ky,
Thien nhai nhc t lan.
Vo vi tai ky lo,
Nhi n cong triem can.
Gac ang vng

Ben song ay gac ang vng,
Mua ca a het ngoc vang nao ai?
Cot rong Nam Pho may bay,
Rem chau ma cuon ngan Tay sm chieu.
In am may van v troi,

Tang thng vat oi sao di may thu.
ang vng trong gac nay au?
Trng giang nc van chay mau me ngoai.

Tien o Thieu phu i nham
chc Thuc Xuyen
Tng thanh bao ve Tam Tan,
Vi trong nam ben may lan khoi may.
Ngam ngui, toi bac chia tay
Nghe quan ray o mai ay bon mnh.
au khong co ban tam tnh,
chan tri cung nh quanh xom lang.
Biet nhau ni nga ba ang,
ng nh nhi n le tran tham khan.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
-L Chieu Lan(641-680?): T la Thang Chi, ngi at Pham Dng, U chau, nay la Trc Le,
Phung Thien, lam quan lenh tai Tan o. V mac benh, ong t quan, en nui Thai Bach, uong an
dc trung oc, tay chan b tan phe, lau ngay khong khoi benh nen t tram song Dnh. Co van tap
gom 20 quyen va thi tap U u gom 3 quyen.
Khuc Giang hoa

Phu hng nhieu Khuc ngan,
Vien anh phuc hoa tr.
Thng khung thu phong tao,
Phieu linh quan bat tri.
Hoa ao Khuc Giang

Hng noi vn b nc,
Bong tron phu mat ao.
Thng s gio thu sm,
Phieu linh ban biet au !
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 69 -
-Lac Tan Vng(640? -684): Ngi Ngha O, tnh Chiet Giang, ngoai tai th con noi tieng nh
bai V T Knh Nghiep thao Vo Chieu hch. Chu y cau: Nhat phoi chi tho v can, luc xch chi co ha
tai.
Dch thuy tong biet

Th a biet Yen an,
Trang s phat xung quan.
Tch thi nhan d mot,
Kim nhat thuy do han.
a tien tren song Dch

Ni ay t biet Yen an,
Toc ai dng ngc cam hn suc soi.
Thi xa trang s khuat roi,
Ma nay dong nc cha thoi lanh ngi.
-Tong Chi Van( ? - 713): T Dien Thanh, ngi Phan chau, nay thuoc tnh Sn Tay. Mi 12
tuoi c Vu hau cho vao hoc Tap hien vien. Sau b biem ra lam Tham quan tai Lung chau. Khi
ng Due Tong len ngoi, ong b biem ra Kham chau, roi mat tai ay. Co van tap gom 10 quyen. Ve
th, s trng loai ngu ngon.
Tong o Tham Ngon

Ngoa benh nhan s tuyet,
Ta quan van ly hanh.
Ha kieu bat tng tong,
Giang thu vien ham tnh.
Tien o Tham Ngon

Nam benh quen nhan s,
Thng ai muon dam xa.
Cau song khong tien biet,
Cay ben tnh bao la.
-Tran T Ngang(651-702): T Ba Ngoc, ngi at Xa Hong, T Chau (tnh T Xuyen). Hoc

rat muon nhng rat cham, o tien s, lam Hu thap di mot thi gian ngan roi xin ve que. Do hiem
khch, b ham vao tu, chet trong nguc. Co Tran Ba Ngoc tap.
ang U Chau ai ca
Tien bat kien co nhan,
Hau bat kien lai gia.
Niem thien a chi du du,
oc sang nhien nhi the ha.
Bai ca len ai U Chau

Co nhan nay chang thay,
Hau the cung tnh khong.
Ngam trong tri at vo cung,
Rieng mnh thng cam oi giong le ri.
-Ha Tri Chng(659-744): T la Qu Chan, ngi at Vnh Hng, Viet Chau(nay la huyen
Hp Pho, tnh Quang ong). Tnh phong khoang, thch ru, ban than cua Ly Bach . o tien s, hoan
lo hanh thong, au nam Thien Bao t quan lam ao s.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc

Hoi hng ngau th
Ky nhat
Thieu tieu ly gia lao ai hoi,
Hng am vo cai man mao thoi.
Nhi ong tng kien bat tng thc,
Tieu van: Khach tong ha x lai?
Ky nh
Ly biet gia hng tue nguyet a,
Can lai nhan s ban tieu ma.
Duy hu mon tien Knh Ho thuy,
Xuan phong bat cai cu thi ba.
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Ngau nhien viet khi ve lang

Bai 1
Tre i, gia tr lai nha
Giong que khong oi sng pha mai au.
Gap nhau ma chang biet nhau,
Tre ci hoi:Khach t au en lang?
Bai 2
Que nha xa cach trai bao thu?
Nhan s gan ay a xac x.
Rieng nc Knh Ho bay trc ca,
Gio xuan khong oi song thi xa.
-Vi Tha Khanh: T Dien Hu, ngi Vu Lang, Trnh Chau(nay la tnh Ha Nam), o tien s,
nhieu thuyen chuyen trong hoan lo. Khi b biem xuong Lnh Nam, sang tac bai Nam hanh biet e.
Nam hanh biet e
am am Trng giang thuy,
Du du vien khach tnh.
Lac hoa tng d han,
ao a nhat vo thanh.
i Lnh Nam t biet em

L dong nc chay,
Lai lang da ngi i.
Hoa rung nh cung han,
La canh khong tieng chi !
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
3.1.2.-Thi Thnh ng(713-766):

Bao quat thi gian t nam au nien hieu Khai Nguyen i ng
Huyen Tong(713) en nam au nien hieu ai Lch i ng ai Tong (766)
chng 50 nam: tnh t trong th manh liet, y canh bao la, the che thuan thuc, nghe
thuat ky dieu, at en cc iem xan lan, huy hoang.Trc loan An S(755), th
cha ay thien nhien, tnh, nhac va ru. Lnh tu thi an giai oan nay la thi tien Ly
Bach. Noi dung th Ly Bach khong nhng bao quat ca 3 phai th a xuat hien trong
thi S ng, ac biet la chat th tr tnh lang man, ma con nang chung len en
nh cao nghe thuat. Cac phai th sn thuy ien vien(Manh Hao Nhien, Vng Duy,
Ly Bach..), bien tai(Cao Thch, Sam Tham, VngHan, Vng Chi Hoan, Vng
Xng Linh, Ly Bach...), tr tnh lang man (Ly Bach, Thoi Hieu, Trng Ke...).Sau
loan An S, xuat hien mot nha th hien thc xa hoi kiet xuat : thi thanh o Phu.
3.1.2.1-Phai th tr tnh lang man:
-Ly Bach(701-762): T Thai Bach, hieu Thanh Lien c s, ngi Mien Chau, tnh T Xuyen.
Xuat than t gia nh thng nhan nen t b t tng nho gia chnh thong chi phoi. Lai a kiem thuat,
tnh phong khoang, thch giao du vi ao s va du lam nhieu thang canh nen co phong cach thoat tuc.
Ngoai 40 tuoi mi en Trng An, c Ngo Quan tien c lam quan Vien Han lam i Huyen
Tong(t nam Thien Bao th nhat), nhng khong thch hp, ch song trong canh ca chau chim long
3 nam roi t quan, tiep tuc ngao du sn thuy. c xng tung la thi tien, ng au thi an i
ng trc loan An-S.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 71 -
Nam 759, theo giup Vnh vng Ly Lan nen b bat ay i Da Lang, nh Quach T Nghi xin
cho, c tha. Sang tac a dang, noi tieng nhat la chat tr tnh lang man, ng au cac nha th thi
Thnh ng giai oan trc loan Thien Bao, c o Phu knh trong, kham phuc:
But lac kinh phong vu,
Thi thanh khap quy than.
(But ha gio ma noi,
Th thanh than quy kinh).
Nam 761, xin tong quan tieu tr Ly Trieu Ngha, gia ng b benh phai ve. Nam sau, mat tai An
Huy, e lai gan 1000 bai th.
1.oc toa Knh nh sn

Chung ieu cao phi tan,
Co van oc kh nhan.
Tng khan lng bat yem,
Ch hu Kinh nh san.
2. Tnh da t
Sang tien khan nguyet quang,
Nghi th a thng sng.
C au vong minh nguyet,
e au t co hng.
3. Oan tnh
My nhan quyen chau liem,
Tham toa tan nga mi.
an kien le ngan thap,
Bat tri tam han thuy?
4. Xuan t
Yen thao nh bch ti,
Tan tang e luc chi.
ng quan hoai qui nhat,
Th thiep oan trng th.
Xuan phong bat tng thc,
Ha s nhap la vi?
5. Sn trung van ap
Van quan ha s the bch san?
Tieu nhi bat ap tam t nhan.
ao hoa lu thuy yeu nhien kh,
Biet hu thien a phi nhan gian.
6. Vong L sn boc bo
Nhat chieu Hng Lo sinh t yen,
Dao khan bach bo quai tien xuyen.
Phi lu trc ha tam thien xch,
Nghi th Ngan Ha lac cu thien.
Mot mnh ngoi tren nui Knh nh

an chim bay vut ca roi,
am may l lng gia tri chon von.
Nhn nhau khong chan, ch con
Mnh ta ay, vi o: non Knh nh.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Y tng trong em vang
Trc ging ngam trang sang,
C ng anh sng sa.
Ngang au nhn trang sang,
Cui au nh que nha.
Tnh oan
Ngi ep cuon rem chau,
Ngoi yen, oi may chau.
Mat kia rng t le,
Long biet han ve au?
Y xuan
Co non xanh biec vung Yen,
Canh dau xanh nga ben at Tan.
Long em au n muon phan,
Phai chang la luc phu quan nh nha?
Gio xuan quen biet chi ma,
C chi lot bc man la ti ai ?
(Tan a dch)
Li hoi ap trong nui
Hoi ta sao en non coi?
Ch lang ci thoi, long thanh thi;
Hoa ao troi mai theo dong nc,
Tach mot tri rieng khac coi ngi.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Xa ngam thac nui L
Nang doi Hng Lo khoi ta bay,
Xa trong dong thac trc song nay;
Ncbay thang xuong ba nghn thc
Tng dai Ngan Ha tuot khoi may.
(Tng Nh dch)
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
7. Tao phat Bach e thanh

Trieu t Bach e thai van gian,
Thien ly Giang Lang nhat nhat hoan.
Lng ngan vien thanh e bat tru,
Khinh chu d qua van trung san.
8.T da thu ca
Trng An nhat phien nguyet,
Van ho ao y thanh.
Thu phong xuy bat tan,
Tong th Ngoc Quan tnh.
Ha nhat bnh Ho lo?
Lng nhan bai vien chinh.
9. Tang Uong Luan
Ly Bach tha chu tng duc hanh,
Hot van ngan thng ap ca thanh.
ao Hoa am thuy tham thien xch,
Bat cap Uong Luan tong nga tnh.
10. Hoang Hac lau tong Manh Hao
Nhien chi Quang Lang
Co nhan tay t Hoang Hac lau,
Yen hoa tam nguyet ha Dng Chau.
Co pham vien anh bch khong tan,
Duy kien Trng Giang thien te lu.
11.Van Vng Xng Linh ta thien
Long Tieu dao hu th ky
Dng hoa lac tan t qui e,
Van ao Long Tieu qua ngu khe.
Nga ky sau tam d minh nguyet,
Tuy quan trc ao Da Lang te(tay).
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Sm ra i t thanh Bach e
Sm t Bach e thanh may,
GiangLang nghn dam mot ngay ve luon.
Hai b tieng von veo von,
Thuyenlan a vt nui non van trung.
(Tan a dch)
Bai ca mua thu cua nang T Da
Trng An, trang mot manh,
Tieng chay ron muon nha.
Gio thu thoi khong dt,
Ngoc Quan, tnh bao la.
Ngay nao yen giac Bac,
Chang khoi chien chinh xa?
Tang Uong Luan
Sap i, Ly Bach ngoi thuyen,
Tren b chan giam nghe lien tieng ca.
Nc am nghn thc ao Hoa,
Uong Luan tnh bac tien ta sau nhieu
(Tan a dch)
T lau Hoang Hac tien Manh Hao
Nhien i Quang Lang
Hoang Hac lau xa ban cu ri,
Dng Chau hoa khoi thang ba xuoi.
Buom n bong hut vao xanh biec,
Ch thay Trng Giang chay cuoi tri.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
T ni xa gui ti Vng Xng linh khi
nghe b giang chc oi i Long tieu
Rung het hoa Dng vang cuoc keu,
Ban qua nam suoi en Long Tieu;
Long sau ta gi cung trang sang,
Thang Da Lang tay doi bong theo.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
12.Thai lien khuc

Nhc Da khe bang thai lien n,
Tieu cach ha hoa cong nhan ng.
Nhat chieu tan trang thuy e minh,
Phong phieu hng due khong trung c.
Ngan thng thuy gia du da lang,
Tam tam ngu ngu anh thuy dng.
T lu khe nhap lac hoa kh,
Kien th tr tru khong oan trng.
13. Xuan nhat tuy khi ngon ch

X the nhc ai mong,
Ho vi lao ky sinh.
S d chung nhat tuy,
oi nhien ngoa tien doanh.
Giac lai mien nh tien,
Nhat ieu hoa gian minh.
Ta van th ha nhat,
Xuan phong ng lu oanh.
Cam chi duc than tc,
oi chi hoan t khuynh.
Hao ca ai minh nguyet,
Khuc tan d vong tnh.
14.Nguyet ha oc chc
Hoa gian nhat ho tu,
oc chc vo tng than.
C boi yeu minh nguyet,
oi anh thanh tam nhan.
Nguyet ky bat giai am,
Anh o tuy nga than.
Tam ban nguyet tng anh,
Hanh lac tu cap xuan.
Nga ca nguyet boi hoi,
Nga vu anh linh loan.
Tnh thi ong giao hoan,
Tuy hau cac phan tan.
Vnh ket vo tnh du,
Tng ky mac Van Han.
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Khuc hat hai sen

Co co con gai nha ai,
Hai sen chi ben ngoi Nhc Da.
Mat hoa ci cach oa hoa,
Cung ai noi noi man ma them xinh.
Ao quan mac mi sang tinh,
Nang soi ay nc rung rinh bong long.
Thm tho vat ao gio tung,
Bay len phatphi trong khong ngat ngao.
Nam ba chang tre nha nao,
Nga hong rang lieu b cao bong ngi.
Nga keu, lan bc hoa ri,
oai trong ai o ngam ngui tiec thng.
(Tan a dch)
Ngay xuan say ru day noi ch mnh
i nh giac chiem bao
Cai than con o lao ao lam g?
Cho nen suot buoi say ly,
Nam lan trc cot biet g co ta.
Tnh thoi a mat san nha,
Mot con chim hot ben hoa ngot ngao.
Hoi xem nay o ngay nao?
Ngay xuan gio mat, vui chao tieng oanh.
Ngam ngui cam canh sinh tnh,
Nghieng bau, mnh lai vi mnh lam vui.
Hat ran, ch tam trang soi,
Thoat xong cau hat thi roi a quen.
(Tan a dch)
Di trang uong ru mot mnh
Trong hoa mot bau ru,
Mnh ta tuy luy say.
Cat chen mi trang sang,
Vi bong thanh ba ngi.
Trang khong hay thu ru,
Bong theo than ta hoai.
Tam cung trang vi bong,
Xuan en c vui ti.
Ta ca: trang boi hoi,
Ta mua: bong linh loan.
Luc tnh cung sum vui,
Say roi eu phan tan.
Vo tnh ket ban chi,
Hen gap ni Van Han.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
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15. Tang noi

Tam bach luc thap nhat,
Nhat nhat tuy nh ne.
Tuy vi Ly Bach phu,
Ha d Thai Thng the?
16.Thu Pho ca
Lo hoa chieu thien a,
Hong tinh loan t yen.
Noan lang minh nguyet da,
Ca khuc ong han xuyen.
17. Hanh lo nan
Kim ton thanh tu au thap thien,
Ngoc ban tran tu tr van tien.
nh boi au tr bat nang thc,
Bat kiem t co tam mang nhien.
Duc o Hoang ha bang tac xuyen,
Tng ang Thai Hang tuyet man thien.
Khai lai thuy ieu toa khe thng?
Hot phuc tha chu mong nhat bien.
Hanh lo nan! Hanh lo nan!
a ky lo! Kim an tai?
Tha phong pha lang hoi hu th,
Trc quai van pham te thng hai.
Th tang v
Ba tram sau chuc ngay tri,
Ngay ngay say bet nh i con ne.
V chang Ly Bach ta kia,
Nh ai v Thai Thng xa khac g?
(Tan a dch)
Bai ca Thu Pho
La lo chieu sang ca at tri,
Khoi tm ron tia hong lap lanh.
Ma chang rc o loa em trang,
Khuc ca khua ong dong song lanh.
(Nguyen Khac Phi dch)
ng i kho
Coc vang, ru trong, van mot au,
Mam ngoc, nham quy, gia mi ngan.
Dng chen, nem ua, nuot khong c,
Rut kiem, nhn quanh, long menh mang.
Muon vt Hoang ha, song bang ong!
Toan len Thai Hang, nui tuyet phi !
Luc roi buong cau b khe biec,
Bong m thuyen lt canh mat tri !
ng i kho ! ng i kho !
Nay au? ng bao nga !
Ci gio pha song han co ngay,
Treo thang buom may vt bien ca !
-Thoi Hieu(704-754): Ngi Bien Chau, huyen Khai Phong, tnh Ha Nam. Tnh lang man, thch
c bac, ham ru che, hay ray v. o tien s, lam quan en chc T huan vien ngoai lang. Noi tieng
nh bai Hoang Hac lau khien Ly Bach phai gac but.
1.Hoang Hac lau

Tch nhan d tha hoang hac kh,
Th a khong d Hoang Hac lau.
Hoang hac nhat kh bat phuc phan,
Bach van thien tai khong du du.
Tnh xuyen lch lch Han Dng thu,
Phng thao the the Anh Vu chau.
Nhat mo hng quan ha x th?
Yen ba giang thng s nhan sau.
Lau Hoang Hac
Hac vang ai ci i au?
Ma ay Hoang Hac rieng lau con tr !

Hac vang i mat t xa,
Nghn nam may trang bay gi con bay.
Han Dng song tanh cay bay,
Bai xa Anh Vu xanh day co non.
Que hng khuat bong hoang hon.
Tren song khoi song cho buon long ai?
(Tan a dch)
-Trng Ke(trc sau 756): T la Y Ton, ngi Tng Dng(nay thuoc tnh Ho Bac). au
tien s, lam quan en chc Kiem hieu vien ngoai lang. Mat tai Hong Chau. Co thi tap, noi tieng nh
bai Phong Kieu da bac.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Phong Kieu da bac

Nguyet lac o e sng man thien,
Giang phong ng hoa oi sau mien;
Co To thanh ngoai Han San t,
Da ban chung thanh ao khach thuyen
- 75 -
Ban em o thuyen ben Phong Kieu

Trang ta tieng qua keu sng,
La chai, cay ben sau vng giac ho.
Thuyen ai au ben Co To,
Na em nghe tieng chuong chua Han San
(Tan a dch)
-3.1.2.2-Phai th xa hoi:
-o Phu(712-770): T T My, hieu Thieu Lang, von que Tng Dng tnh Ho Bac, sau to
phu di xuong huyen Cung, tnh Ha Nam. Thi khong o nen ch gi chc quan nho, sau v bat man
nen bo quan ve an Tan Chau, Thanh o. Chet Loi Dng. c xng tungthi thanh, la nha th
hien thc ln, ng au trong va sau loan Thien Bao. Co o Lang tap gom khoang 1400 bai, u
moi the loai. Luat thi cua o Phu c xng tung la giai tac, c xep vao hang tac pham co ien.
1.-Thach Hao lai

Mo au Thach Hao thon,
Hu lai da troc nhan.
Lao ong du tng tau,
Lao phu xuat mon khan.
Lai ho nhat ha no,
Phu e nhat ha kho.
Thnh phu tien tr t:
Tam nam Nghiep Thanh thu
Nhat nam phu th ch :
Nh nam tan chien t.
Ton gia tha thau sinh,
T gia trng d h !
That trung canh vo nhan,
Duy hu nhu ha ton.
Hu ton mau v kh,
Xuat nhap vo hoan quan.
Lao au lc tuy suy,
Thnh tong lai da qui,
Cap ng Ha Dng dch,
Do ac b than xuy.
Da cu ng thanh tuyet,
Nh van khap u yet.
Thien minh ang tien o,
oc d lao ong biet.
2.Xuan vong
Quoc pha sn ha tai,
Thanh xuan thao moc tham.
Cam thi hoa tien le,
Han biet ieu kinh tam.
Phong hoa lien tam nguyet,
Vien lai thon Thach Hao

Chieu ghe xom Thach Hao,
Quan bat ngi na em.
Ong gia vt tng tron,
Ba gia ra ca nhn.
Vien lai quat a d!
Ba gia van a kho !
Nghe ba bc len trc,
Van rang:Co ba trai,
Thanh Nghiep eu i thu.
Mot a gi th nhan:
Hai a va chet tran.
a chet anh thoi roi,
a con au chac chan!
Trong nha khong con ai,
Co chau ang bu thoi.
Me chau cha ri chau,
Ra vao quan ta ti.
Tuy sc yeu, gia ay
Xin theo ngai em nay
en Ha Dng con kp,
Thoi cm hau buoi mai.
em khuya li a tat,
Dng nghe khoc am c.
Sang ra chao len ng,
Ch cung ong lao biet.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Ngong xuan
Nc tan song nui con ay,
Thanh xuan cay co moc ay khap ni.
Cam thi, hoa cung le ri,
Long chim cung s tnh i bac nam.
La binh ba thang lan tran,
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Gia th e van cam.

Bach au tao canh oan,
Hon duc bat thang tram.
3. Nguyet da c xa e
Thu co oan nhan hanh,
Bien thu nhat nhan thanh.
Lo tong kim da bach,
Nguyet th co hng minh.
Hu e giai phan tan,
Vo gia van t sinh.
Ky th trng bat at,
Huong nai v hu binh.
4.Tuyet cu
Lng ca hoang ly minh thuy lieu,
Nhat hang bach lo thng thanh thien.
Song ham Tay Lnh thien thu tuyet,
Mon bac ong Ngo van ly thuyen.
5.ang cao
Phong cap thien cao vien khieu ai,
Ch thanh sa bach ieu phi hoi.
Vo bien lac moc tieu tieu ha,
Bat tan trng giang con con lai.
Van ly bi thu thng tac khach,
Bach nien a benh oc ang ai.
Gian nan kho han phon sng man,
Lao ao Tan nh troc tu boi.
6.Khuc giang
Trieu hoi nhat nhat ien xuan y,
Moi nhat giang au tan tuy qui.
Tu trai tam thng hanh x hu,
Nhan sinh that thap co lai hy.
Xuyen hoa giap iep tham tham hien,
iem thuy thanh nh khoan khoan phi.
Truyen ng phongquang cong lu chuyen
Tam thi tng thng mac tng vi.

7.Mao oc vi thu phong s pha ca
Bat nguyet thu cao phong no hao,
- 76 -
Th nha a en muon vang chat chiu.

Xoa au toc bac ngan nhieu,
So le ph phat kho ieu cai tram.
em trang nh em trai
Trong quan iem vang ngi i,
Lac an tieng nhan phan ly me tri.
Que ngi at khach oi ni,
Cung trong mot anh trang ngi em thu.
Bien cng toa khap sng mu,
Long ngi canh sac eo sau nh nhau.
Biet em xieu lac ve au,
T sinh ai ro uoi au ma hay.
Dt ng th tn lau nay,
Con ngay nao cung la ngay chien tranh.
(Ho ac nh dch)
Tuyet cu
Hai cai oanh vang keu lieu biec,
Mot hang co trang vut tri xanh.
Nghn nam tuyet nui song in sac,
Muon dam thuyen Ngo ca rap rnh.
(Tan a dch)
Len cao
Gio manh, tri cao, vn ruc sau
Ben trong, cat trang, ln an au.
Lao rao la rung, cay ai em,
Cuon cuon song dai, nc en au.
Muon dam que ngi thu nao canh,
Mot than gia yeu bc len lau.
Kho khan ngao ngan bao la noi,
Ru uong khong ngon chong bac au.
(Tan a dch)
Tren song Khuc giang
Khoi be vua ra, co ao hoai
Ben song say kht, toi lan mai.
N tien mua ru au khong the,
Song bay mi nam a may ngi?
Bm bm luon hoa ph phat ln,
Chuon chuon gin nc lng l chi.
Nhan cho quang canh thng thay oi,
Tam chut chi xuan keo na hoai.
(Tan a dch)
Bai hat nha tranh b gio thu pha nat
Thang Tam, thu cao, gio thet
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Quyen nga oc thng tam trung mao.

Mao phi o giang sao giang giao:
Cao gia quai quyen trng lam sao,
Ha gia phieu chuyen tram ng ao.
Nam thon quan ong khi nga lao vo lc,
Nhan nang oi dien vi ao tac,
Cong nhien bao mao nhap truc kh.
Than tieu khau tao ho bat ac,
Quy lai y trng t than tc.
Nga khoanh phong nh van mac sac,
Thu thien mac mac hng hon hac.
Bo kham a nien lanh t thiet,
Kieu nhi ac hoa ap ly liet.
Sang au oc lau vo can x,
Vu cc nh ma v oan tuyet.
T kinh tang loan thieu thuy mien,
Trng da triem thap ha do triet !
An ac quang ha thien van gian,
ai t thien ha han s cau hoan nhan,
Phong vu bat ong an nh sn.
O ho ! Ha thi nhan tien ot ngot hien
th oc,
Ngo l oc pha thu ong t diec tuc.
8. Giang ban oc bo tam hoa
Hoang T nng gia hoa man khe,
Thien oa van oa ap chi e.
Lu lien h iep thi thi vu,
T tai kieu oanh khap khap e.
9. Tuyet cu
Cap vu sao khe tuc,
Ta huy chuyen thu yeu.
Cach sao hoang ly tnh,
Phien tao bach ng khieu.
- 77 -
gia,
Cuon mat ba lp tranh nha ta.

Tranh bay sang song rai khap b,
Manh cao treo tot ngon rng xa,
Manh thap quay lon vao mng, sa.
Tre con thon nam khinh ta gia khong sc,
N nhe trc mat xo cp giat,
Cap tranh i tuot vao luy tre,
Moi kho mieng chay gao chang c,
Quay ve chong gay long am c !
Giay lat, gio lang, may toi mc,
Tri thu mt mt em en ac.
Men vai lau nam lanh t sat,
Con nam xau net ap lot nat.
au ging nha dot chang cha au,
Day hat ma, ma, ma chang dt.
T trai cn loan t ngu nghe
em dai t at sao cho trot?
c c nha rong muon nghn gian
Che khap thien ha ke s ngheo eu han hoan.
Gio ma chang nung vng nh thach ban

Than o! bao gi nha ay sng sng dng
trc mat,
Rieng leu ta nat, chu chet ret cung c!
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Mot mnh dao chi tm hoa ven song
Canh nha co T hoa ay suoi,
Ngan oa muon bong ep tru canh.
Lu luyen quan quanh vn lu bm,
Ung dung thanh thot hot hoang oanh.
Tuyet cu
Chan suoi ma rao lt,
Lng cay bong xe long.
Oanh vang gu cach to,
Ca trang nhay tung rong.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc

10. Thu hng
Ngoc lo ieu thng phong thu lam,
Vu Sn Vu Hiep kh tieu sam.
Giang gian ba lang kiem thien dung,
Tai thng phong van tiep a am.
Tung cuc lng khai tha nhat le,
Co chu nhat he co vien tam.
Han y x x thoi ao xch,
Bach e thanh cao cap mo cham.
11. Nguyet da
Kim da Phu Chau nguyet,
Khue trung ch oc khan.
Dao lan tieu nhi n,
V giai c Trng An.
Hng vu van hoan thap,
Thanh huy ngoc t han.
Ha thi y h hoang,
Song chieu le ngan can.
- 78 -
Cam xuc mua thu

Lac ac rng phong hat moc sa,
Ngan non hiu hat kh thu loa.
Lng tri song rn long song tham,
Mat at may un ca ai xa.
Khom cuc tuon them dong le cu,
Con thuyen buoc chat moi tnh nha.
Lanh lung giuc ke tay dao thc,
Thanh Bach, chay vang bong ac ta.
(Nguyen Cong Tr dch)
em trang
em nay Phu Chau sang,
Mnh em ngam trang khuya.
Noi nh Trng An ay,
Thng con cha biet g !
Sng thm lan toc am,
Ao lanh canh tay te.
Bao na cung soi bong,
oi mnh ngan le se.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)

-Manh Hao Nhien(689-740): Huy la Hao, t la Hao Nhien, ngi thon ong Da, huyen Tng
Dng, tnh Ho Bac(nen con c goi la Manh Tng Dng). Chuong kh tiet, a an c, cung vi
Vng Duy la hai nha th ln phai sn thuy ien vien thi Thnh ng. Co thi tap, gom 3 quyen.
1.Xuan hieu
Xuan mien bat giac hieu,
X x van e ieu.
Da lai phong vu thanh,
Hoa lac tri a thieu.
2.Qua co nhan trang
Co nhan cu ke th,
Yeu nga ch ien gia.
Luc thu thon bien hp,
Thanh sn quach ngoai ta.
Khai hien dien tng pho,
Ba tu ng tang ma.
ai ao trung dng nhat,
Hoan lai tu cuc hoa.
Sm xuan
Giac xuan khong biet sang tri,
Tieng chim ben goi khap ni vong ve.
em qua ma gio nao ne,
Mot vai hay a bon be hoa ri.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Qua trai cua ban cu
Co nhan san nep ga,
Mi khach ti ien gia.
Ven xom cay xanh tot,
Ngoai ong bong nui ta.
Vn tc ngoi hien ngam,
Dau gai chen ru kha.
i en trung dng tiet,
Lai ay thng cuc hoa.
-Vng Duy(699-759): T Ma Cat, ngi Thai Nguyen, tnh Sn Tay. Noi tieng ve th, sanh
am nhac, lai gioi ve th phap va hoi hoa, c xng tung la Thi Phat. To ong Pha tng khenThi
trung hu hoa, hoa trung hu thi.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
1.Tong xuan t
Nhat nhat xuan khong lao,
Nien nien xuan canh quy.
Tng hoan hu ton tu,
Bat dung tch hoa phi.
2.ieu minh gian
Nhan nhan que hoa lac,
Da tnh, xuan sn khong.
Nguyet xuat, kinh sn ieu,
Thi minh xuan gian trung.
3.Tong biet 1
Ha ma am quan tu,
Van quan ha s chi?
Quan ngon bat ac y,
Qui ngoa Nam sn thuy.
an kh mac phuc van,
Bach van vo tan th.
4.Tong biet 2
Sn trung tng tong bai,
Nhat mo yem sai phi.
Xuan thao minh nien luc,
Vng ton qui bat qui?
5.V Thanh khuc
V Thanh trieu vu ap khinh tran,
Khach xa thanh thanh lieu sac tan.
Khuyen quan canh tan nhat boi tu,
Tay xuat Dng quan vo co nhan.
- 79 -
Li tien xuan
Ngay ngay ngi c gia i,
Nam nam xuan en xuan i, le thng.
Cung vui nang chen quynh tng,
Hoa kia du tiec mui hng, ch g?
Khe chim keu
Que ri em a, ngi nhan
em troi lang le xuan ngan quanh hiu.

Trang len, hot hoang chim eo,
Long khe ngan doi tieng keu au canh
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Tong biet 1
Xuong nga mi nang chen,
Hoi anh ve au ay?
Rang:i khong toai ch,
Ve an Nam sn nay.
i roi, thoi chang hoi,
Ngan nam may trang bay.
Tong biet 2
Trong nui tien a ban,
Chieu ta ong cong tre.
Co xuan, xanh nam ti,
Vng ton biet co ve?
Khuc hat V Thanh
Sm ma t bui V Thanh,
Ti mau quan khach lieu xanh la a.
Can them mot chen quan ha,
Dng quan chon ay ai la co nhan?
3.1.2.4-Phai th bien tai:

-Cao Thch(? 765): T la at Phu, ngi Thng Chau, tnh Ha Bac. i ng Huyen
Tong, o khoa Hu ao, lam quan en chc Tan k thng th va c phong Bot hai hau. Ham s
nghiep, ngoai 50 tuoi mi lam th. Cung Sam Tham noi tieng trong phai th bien tai. Co Thi van
tap, gom 20 quyen.
1.ong Bnh lo tac

Thanh khoang lng da nguyet,
Boi hoi co khach chu.
Dieu nhien phong ba thng,
oc mong tien sn thu.
Thu ch phuc dao lac,
Khong linh hanh gia sau.
Lam tren ng i ong Bnh

Trang em lanh trong suot,
Thuyen khach coi boi hoi.
Mt mu lan song gio,
M nui thu xa chi.
Thu en tieu ieu han,
Khien ngi i bui ngui.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 80 -
2.Biet ong ai
Thap ly hoang van bach nhat huan,
Bac phong xuy nhan tuyet phan phan.
Mac sau tien lo vo tri ky,
Thien ha ha nhan bat thc quan?
(Khng Hu Dung dch)

Tien biet ong ai
Mi dam vang pha bong nang hanh,
Nhan xuoi gio bac tuyet bay nhanh.
Ch buon neo trc khong tri ky,
Thien ha ai ngi chang biet anh?
(Tan a dch)
-Sam Tham(715-770): Ngi huyen Nam Dng(nay thuoc tnh Ha Nam), o tien s, lam quan
en chc Lang trung kiem Th ng s, b thang giang nhieu lan. Sau t chc, ve nui o Lang, roi
mat at Thuc. Trai nhieu nam bien phong nen th bien tai cua ong t ieu rat cao. Co thi tap,
gom 10 quyen.
1.Sn phong xuan s

Lng vien nhat mo loan phi nha,
Cc muc tieu ieu tam lng gia.
nh thu bat tri nhan kh tan,
Xuan lai hoan phat cu thi hoa.
2.Phung nhap Kinh s

Co vien ong vong lo man man,
Song tu long chung le bat can.
ao thng tng phung vo ch but,
Bang quan truyen ng bao bnh an.
Canh xuan nha tren nui
Tri toi, vn Lng, qua ln

l
Nha au vut mat, noc la tha.

Cay xuan chang biet ngi i het,
Xuan en hoa con n giong xa.
(Tan a dch)
Gia ng, gap s gia vao Kinh o
Mt m vn cu tri ong,
oi tay run ray gat dong le ri.
Gia ng ch biet gi li,
Nh anh nhan bao rang toi yen bnh.
(Ho ac nh dch)
-Vng Han(khoang trc sau 713): T la T Vu, ngi at Tan Dng, Tinh Chau(nay
thuoc tnh Sn Tay). Tnh phong ang, ham ru che, o tien s nam 710, lam quan b nhieu lan
biem trch, mat ao chau.
Lng Chau t
Bo ao my tu da quang boi,
Duc am t ba ma thng thoi.
Tuy ngoa sa trng quan mac tieu,
Co lai chinh chien ky nhan hoi.
Khuc hat Lng Chau

Bo ao cha can chen da quang,
Voi va len yen giuc tieng an.
Say kht sa trng anh ch dieu,
Xa nay chinh chien kho bnh an.
-Vng Chi Hoan(trc sau 742):
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 81 -
Ngi Tinh Chau(nay la huyen Thai Nguyen, tnh Sn Tay), gioi van chng nhng lan an
trng khoa c. Th ong thng c nhac cong pho nhac va ca ky a hat.
1.ang Quan Tc lau

Bach nhat y sn tan,
Hoang ha nhap hai lu.
Duc cung thien ly muc,
Canh thng nhat tang lau.
2.Lng Chau t
Hoang ha vien thng bach van gian,
Nhat phien co thanh van nhan san.
Khng ch ha tu oan dng lieu,
Xuan phong bat o Ngoc Mon quan.
Len lau Quan Tc

Bong ac gac non cao,
Song Hoang lot bien sau.
Muon cung muon dam mat,
Len na mot tang lau.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Khuc hat Lng Chau
Song Hoang len tan khoang may bong,
Mot manh thanh coi nui van trung.
Sao r thoi chi bai Chiet Lieu,
Ngoc Mon nao lot ngon xuan phong!
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
-Vng Xng Linh(698-756): T Thieu Ba, ngi at Giang Ninh, tnh Giang To. au tien
s, lam chc Hieu th lang, sau b biem lam quan uy tai Long Tieu. B th s L Khu Hien giet
chet v t thu. Noi tieng hay th, c xng tung la Thi thien t. Co thi tap, gom 5 quyen.
1.Khue oan
Khue trung thieu phu bat tri sau,
Xuan nhat ngng trang thng thuy lau.
Hot kien mach au dng lieu sac,
Hoi giao phu te mch phong hau.
2.Tai ha khuc
Am ma o thu thuy,
Thuy han phong t ao.
Bnh sa nhat v mot,
Am am kien Lam Thao.
Tch nhat Trng thanh chien,
Ham ngon y kh cao.
Hoang tran tuc thien co,
Bach cot loan bong mao.
Noi oan trong phong khue

Tre trung nang biet au sau,
Buongxuan trangiem len lau ngam gng
Nhac trong ve lieu ben ng,
Phonghau ngh dai xui chang kiem chi
(Tan a dch)
Khuc hat di bien ai
Uong no, ngi nga sang song,
Gio thu hiu hat buot dong nc troi.
Cat bang nang trai chi vi,
M m thoang hien khung tri Lam Thao.
Trng thanh chien a thua nao,
Ma nay ch kh anh hao con vang.
Nghn nam phu kn bui vang,
Ngon ngang xng trang moc lan co day.
3.1.3.-Trung ng(766-836):
Bao quat thi gian t nam au nien hieu ai Lch i ng ai Tong
(766) en nam au nien hieu Khai Thanh i ng Van Tong(836), chng 70
nam: o la thi ky bien chuyen cua th ng. Vi the che a hoan toan thanh
thuc, vi noi dung sau rong tinh te thi Thnh ng, thi gia thi ky Trung ng
chu trong en ky xao e a th ca at en bc phat trien mi. Nhng do hoan
canh xa hoi be tac i ng va khong con nhng thi s co tai nang kiet xuat nh
thi Phat, thi Tien, thi Thanhcua thi Thnh ng, nen th a bat au suy thoai.
Noi bat trong thi ky nay la phai th hien thc xa hoi vi cac thi tai Bach C D,
Nguyen Chan, Ly Than. Phai th sn thuy ien vien co nhng thi nhan tieu bieu
nh Vi ng Vat, Lieu Tong Nguyen va Lu Trng Khanh. Tieng th bien tai tr
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 82 -
nen tha tht vang ve, ch con Tran Ngoc Lan vi bai th Ky phu kha quen thuoc
nhng lai xuat hien phai th quai an ma Han Du la lanh tu vi Manh Giao kho
ngam, Gia ao thoi xao, Ly Ha qu tai. Tuy yeu thch loi th quai d,
nhng ho lai noi tieng va lu danh nh nhng bai th bnh d nh Han Du vi Ch
Lam quan th iet ton Tng, Manh Giao vi Du t ngam, Gia ao vi Tam
an gia bat ngo, o Tang Can... . Ngoai ra, Trng Tch, Thoi Ho, o Thu
Nng... cung c ngi i nhac en nh chat th tr tnh lang man nh Tiet
phu ngam, e tch s kien x, Kim lu y...
3.1.3.1-Phai th xa hoi:
-Bach C D(722-846): T Lac Thien, hieu Hng Sn c s, ngi Ha Khue, tnh Sn Tay,
au tien s, lam quan en Thng th bo Hnh. Co lan b biem lam T ma Giang Chau, nhan o
sang tac bai Ty ba hanh. La nha th hien thc noi tieng thi Trung ng, nhng lai c ngi i
men mo nh nhng bai th thng cam nh Ty ba hanh, Trng han ca. Th ieu Bach C D
(ng Tuyen Tong) co cau:
ong t giai ngam Trng han khuc,
Ho nhi nang xng T ba thien.
(Tre con eu biet ngam Trng han,
R Ho cung thao T ba thien).
1.Khinh ph
Y kh kieu man lo,
Yen ma quang chieu tran.
Ta van ha vi gia?
Nhan xng th noi than.
Chu phat giai ai phu,
T thu hoac tng quan.
Khoa pho quan trung yen,
Tau ma kh nh van.
Ton loi dat cu uan,
Thuy luc la bat tran.
Qua phach ong nh quat,
Khoai thiet Thien Tr lan.
Thc bao tam t nhc,
Tu ham kh ch chan.
Th tue Giang Nam han,
Cu Chau nhan thc nhan.
2.Tam nien biet
Du du nhat biet d tam nien,
Tng vong tng t minh nguyet thien.
Trng oan thanh thien vong minh nguyet,
Biet lai tam thap luc hoi vien.

3.T khuyen
c tch c ban ng c nien,
Thoat y ien tu Khuc Giang bien.
Nhe beo
ay ng dang bo con cng,
Nga yen bong loang sang trng bui hong.
Hoi: lam chi o nhng ong?
Ngi ta rang nhng quan trong o ma.
Dai ieu eu ai phu ta,
Ma eo dai ta hoac la tng quan.
Nghenh ngang i chen trong quan,
Ron rang vo nga chay van nh may.
Vo, ang chn th ru ay,
Hai sn tam bat co bay linh tinh.
Qua dang qut hai ong nh,
Ca Thien Tr thai m thanh goi ngon.
An no khoan khoai tam hon,
Ru say y kh hung hon cang them.
Nam nay han han Giang Nam,
Cu Chau ngi mo ngi lam thc an.
(Tan a dch)
Ba nam xa cach
Xa nhau mot chuyen ba nam,
Ngongnhau chungbong trang ram nh nhau
Tri xanh trang sang long au,
Ba mi sau o, trc sau trang tron.
(Tan a dch)
T khuyen mnh
Nh xa ngheo tung luc khoa thi,
Ben Khuc them men, co ao i.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Thap thien nhat au do xa am,

Ha huong quan cung bat tr tien.
4.Lam giang tong Ha Chiem
Bi quan lao biet, le triem can
That thap vo gia van ly than.
Sau kien chu hanh phong hu khi,
Bach au lang ly bach au nhan.
5.Ty ba hanh
Nguyen Hoa thap nien, d ta thien
Cu Giang quan T ma. Minh nien thu, tong khach
Bon Pho khau, van chu trung da an t ba gia.
Thnh ky am tranh tranh nhien hu Kinh o thanh.
Van ky nhan, ban Trng An xng n, thng hoc
t ba vu Muc, Tao nh thien tai. Nien trng sac
suy, uy than vi co nhan phu. Toai menh tu, s
khoai an so khuc. Khuc bai, man nhien. T t
thieu tieu thi hoan lac s. Kim phieu luan tieu tuy,
chuyen ty vu giang ho gian.
D xuat quan nh nien, iem nhien
t an, cam t nhan ngon, th tch thuy giac thien
trch y. Nhan vi trng cu, ca d tang chi. Pham luc
bach nhat thap nh ngon, menh viet: T ba hanh.
Tam Dng giang au da tong khach,

Phong diep ch hoa thu sat sat.
Chu nhan ha ma khach tai thuyen,
C tu duc am vo quan huyen.
Tuy bat thanh hoan tham tng biet,
Biet thi mang mang giang tam nguyet.
Hot van thuy thng ty ba thanh,
Chu nhan vong quy khach bat phat.
Tam thanh am van an gia thuy?
Ty ba thanh nh duc ng tr.
Di thuyen tng can yeu tng kien,
Thiem tu hoi ang trung khai yen.
Thien ho van hoan thuy xuat lai,
Do bao ty ba ban gia dien.
Chuyen truc bat huyen tam lng thanh,
V thanh khuc ieu tien hu tnh.
Huyen huyen yem c thanh thanh t,
T to bnh sinh bat ac ch.
e mi tn thu tuc tuc an,
Thuyet tan tam trung vo han s.
Khinh lung man nhien mat phuc khieu,
- 83 -
au ru nghn ong quen uong at,

Na chi loc nc mat tien chi !
(Tan a dch)
Ti song tien Ha Chiem
Muon dam thng anh le biet sau,
Bay mi tuoi tac ca nha au?
Buon trong tran gio theo thuyen noi,
Song bac au quanh khach bac au.
(Tan a dch)
Ty ba hanh
Nam th 10 nien hieu Nguyen Hoa,
ta b biem lam T ma quan Cu Giang. Mua thu nam
sau, tien khach ca song Bon Pho, em nghe tieng
an t ba trong thuyen. Nghe tieng an thanh thot co
ve tieng chon kinh o. Hoi ngi an, th von la ca
n at Trng An, a tng hoc an t ba hai thien
tai ho Muc, ho Tao. Tuoi cao sac giam, nang mi ga
than lam v khach lai buon. Ta lien sai bay tiec
ru, khien gay vai khuc. an xong, nang bui ngui,
t ke niem hoan lac thi tuoi tre, nay phieu linh tieu
tuy, troi giat chon giang ho.
Ta ra lam quan chon ngoai a
hai nam, noi niem cung a nguoi ngoai,
nay cam thng li nang, em ay mi chanh niem
biem trch. Nhan o sang tac bai th trng thien,
pho li ca e tang nang, dai 612 li, goi ten la T
ba hanh.
Ben Tam Dng canh khuya a khach,

Quanh hi thu lau lach u hiu.
Ngi xuong nga khach dng cheo,
Chen quynh mong can nh chieu truc ti
Say nhng luong ngai khi chia re,
Nc menh mong m ve trang trong.
Tieng ty nghe vang ben song,
Chu khuay khoa lai khach dung dang xuoi.
Lan tieng khe hoi ai an ta?
Dng day t nan na lam thinh.
Di thuyen ghe lai tham tnh,
Chong en them ru con danh tiec vui.
Mi moc mai thay ngi b ng,
Tay om an che na mat hoa.
Van an may tieng dao qua,
Khuc tuy cha tron tnh a thoang hay.
Nghe nao nuot may day buon bc,
Dng than niem tam tc bay lau.
May chau tay gay khuc sau,
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
S vi Nghe thng hau Luc yeu

ai huyen tao tao nh cap vu,
Tieu huyen thiet thiet nh t ng.
Tao tao thiet thiet thac tap an,
ai chau tieu chau lac ngoc ban.
Gian quan oanh ng hoa e hoat,
U yet tuyen lu thuy ha than.
Thuy tuyen lanh sap huyen ngng tuyet,
Ngng tuyet bat thong thanh tiem yet.
Biet hu u tnh am han sinh,
Th thi vo thanh thang hu thanh.
Ngan bnh xa pha thuy tng bnh,
Thiet k ot xuat ao thng minh.
Khuc chung thau bat ng tam hoach,
T huyen nhat thanh nh liet bach.
ong thuyen tay phang tieu vo ngon,
Duy kien giang tam thu nguyet bach.
Tram ngam phong bat sap huyen trung,
Chnh on y thng khi liem dung.
T ngon: ban th kinh thanh n,
Gia tai Ha Mo lang ha tru.
Thap tam hoc ac t ba thanh,
Danh thuoc giao phng e nhat bo.
Khuc bai thng giao thien tai phuc,
Trang thanh moi b thu nng o.
Ngu Lang nien thieu tranh trien au,
Nhat khuc hong tieu bat tri so.
ien au ngan t kch tiet toai,
Huyet sac la quan phien tu o.
Kim nien hoan tieu phuc minh nien,
Thu nguyet xuan phong ang nhan o.
e tau tong quan a di t,
Mo kh trieu lai nhan sac co.
Mon tien lanh lac xa ma hi,
Lao ai gia tac thng nhan phu.
Thng nhan trong li khinh biet li,
Tien nguyet Phu Lng mai tra kh.
Kh lai giang khau thu giang thuyen,
Nhieu thuyen minh nguyet giang thuy han.
Da tham hot mong thieu nien s,

Mong e trang le hong lan can.
Nga van t ba d than tc,
Hu van th ng trung tc tc.
ong th thien nhai lu lac nhan,
- 84 -
Giai bay het noi trc sau muon van.

Ngon buong bat khoan khoan du dat,
Trc Nghe thng sau thoat Luc yeu.
Day to dng o ma rao,
N non day nho nh tro chuyen rieng.
Tieng cao thap la chen lan gay,
Mam ngoc au bong nay hat chau.
Trong hoa oanh ru rt nhau,
Suoi tuon roc rach chay mau xuong ghenh.
Nc suoi lanh day manh ngng t,
Ngng t nen phut bat tieng t.
Om sau mang gian ngan ng,
Tieng t lang ngat bay gi cang hay.
Bnh bac v tuon ay dong nc,
Nga sat giong xo xat tieng ao.
Cung an la khuc thanh tao,
Tieng buong xe lua la vao bon day.
Thuyen may la ong tay lang ngat,
Mot vang trang trong vat long song.
Ngam ngui an bat xep xong,
Ao xiem khep nep hau mong giai li.
Rang:Xa von la ngi ke ch,
Con Ha Mo tru lan la.
Hoc an t thua mi ba,
Giao phng e nhat chn a chep ten.
Ga thien tai s phen dng khuc,
Ga thu nng ghen luc iem to.
Ngu Lang, chang tre ganh ua,
Biet bao the tham chuoc mua tieng an.
Vanh lc bac gay tan nhp go,
Bc quan hong hoen o ru ri.
Nam nam lan la vui ci,
Mai trang hoa, chang oai hoai xuan thu.
Buon em tray lai lo d thac,
Sau hom mai oi khac hnh dong.
Ca ngoai xe nga vang khong,
Than gia mi ket duyen cung khach thng.
Khach trong li khinh ng li cach,
Mai buon che sm tech nguon khi.
Thuyen khong ben au mac ai,
Quanhthuyen tranggiai nc troi lanh lung.
em khuya, sc nh vong tuoi tre,
Cht m mang dong le o hoen.
Nghe an ta a chanh buon,
Lai rau nghe noi n non may li.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Tng phung ha tat tang tng thc.

Nga tong kh nien t e kinh,
Trch c ngoa benh Tam Dng thanh.
Tam Dng a tch vo am nhac,
Chung tue bat van ti truc thanh.
Tru can Bon giang a e thap,
Hoang lo kho truc nhieu trach sinh.
Ky gian an mo van ha vat?
o quyen e huyet vien ai minh.
Xuan giang hoa trieu thu nguyet da,
Vang vang thu tu hoan oc khuynh.
Khi vo sn ca d thon ch,
Au a trao triet nan vi thnh.
Kim da van quan t ba ng,
Nh thnh tien nhac nh tam minh.
Mac t canh toa an nhat khuc,
V quan phien tac T ba hanh.
Cam nga th ngon lng cu lap,
Khc toa thuc huyen, huyen chuyen cap.
The the bat t hng tien thanh,
Man toa trung van giai yem khap.
Toa trung khap ha thuy toi a?
Giang Chau t ma thanh sam thap.
-Ly Than:
Man nong
Ky nhat
S hoa nhat ng ngo,
Han trch hoa ha tho;
Thuy tri ban trung xan,
Lap lap giai tan kho.
Ky nh
Xuan chung nhat lap tuc,
Thu thu van khoa t;
T hai vo nhan ien,
Nong dan do nga t.
- 85 -
Cung mot la ben tri lan an,

Gap g nhau lo san quen nhau.
T xa kinh khuyet bay lau,
Tam Dng at trch goi sau hom mai.
Chon cung tch lay ai vui thch,
Tai chang nghe an ch ca nam.
Song Bon gan chon cat lam,
Lau vang truc vo am tham quanh hien.
Tieng chi o nghe lien sm toi,
Cuoc keu sau vn hot veo von.
Hoa xuan n, nguyet thu tron,
Lan lan tay chuoc chen son ngap ngng.
Ha chang co ca rng, ch noi,
Giong lu lo buon noi kho nghe.
T ba nghe dao canh khuya,
Dng nh ca nhac gan ke ben tai.
Hay ngoi lai gay chi khuc na,
Se v nang soan sa bai ca..
ng len dng cam li ta,
Lai ngoi la phm an a kp day.
Nghe nao nuot khac day an trc,
Khap tiec hoa st mt le ri.
Le ai chan cha hn ngi?
Giang Chau t ma m mui ao xanh.
(Phan Huy Vnh dch)
Thng nha nong
Bai 1
Ba lua tri ng bong,
Mo hoi o xuong ruong.
Ai biet cm trong mam,
Hat hat eu cay ang!
Bai 2
Mot hat mua xuan gieo,
Muon hat mua thu hai.
Bon bien khong at hoang,
Nha nong con chet oi !

-Vi ng Vat(736-780): Ngi huyen Trng An(nay thuoc tnh Thiem Tay), lam quan trai 2
trieu Huyen Tong, Tuc Tong. La nha th phai sn thuy ien vien.
Hieu ao Banh Trach

Sng lac tuy bach thao,
Bat chc ong ao Banh Trach

Sng sa hoa co rac,
Rieng mot cuc ti bong.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc

Thi cuc oc nghien hoa.
Vat tnh hu nh th,
Han th ky nai ha?
Xuyet anh phiem troc tu,
Nhat nhap hoi ien gia.
Tan tuy mao thiem ha,
Nhat sinh khi tai a?
- 86 -
Tnh vat khac nh the,

He chi ret vi nong!
Nh em ngam ru uc,
Toi hop ban nha nong.
Say kht hien nha co,
La vui u tot cung!
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
-Lieu Tong Nguyen(773-819): T T Hau, ngi at Ha ong, nay thuoc tnh Sn Tay), au
tien s, lam quan trai cac chc Giam sat ng s, T ma Vnh Chau, Th s Lieu Chau. Ngoai tai th,
con noi tieng ve van du ky va ngu ngon, cung Han Du co vu phong traophuc co, cung la mot trong
bat ai gia thi ng-Tong.
Giang tuyet
Thien sn ieu phi tuyet,
Van knh nhan tung diet.
Tuyet tren song

Nghn non chim bay het,
Muon neo dau ngi tuyet.
Co chu toa lap ong,

oc ieu han giang tuyet.
Ao la mot ong cau,

Thuyen con, cau nhng tuyet.
3.1.3.3-Phai th quai an:

-Han Du(768-824): T Thoai Chi, nguyen quan huyen Xng Le(tnh Ha Bac), i than phu i
en Nam Dng(tnh Ha Nam), mo coi nam len ba tuoi, song nh anh ch, o tien s, hoan lo nhieu
bc thang tram, co tai th van. La c au phong traophuc co, co van c xep vao hang bat ai
gia.Th khong noi tieng bang van, ng au Phai th quai an th Trung ng.
Ta thien ch Lam quan,

th iet ton Tng
Nhat phong trieu tau c trung thien,
Tch biem Trao chau lo bat thien.
Ban v thanh trieu tr te s,
Cam tng suy hu tch tan nien?
Van hoanh Tan lnh gia ha tai,
Tuyet ung Lam quan ma bat tien.
Tri nh vien lai ng hu y,
Hao thu ngo cot chng gian bien.
B giang chc, biem en ai Lam quan,

dan do chau Tng
Sm dang be ngoc mot li can,
Chieu trch Trao chau neo tam ngan.
Trieu thanh nhng mong tr te xau,
Tuoi gia au dam tiec than tan.
May che Tan Lnh que nha khuat,
Tuyet phu Lam Quan vo nga chon.
Biet chau v ta bang nga ti,
Coi nay han e nhat xng chon.
-Manh Giao(751-814): T ong Da, ngi at Vu Khang, Ho Chau(nay la tnh Chiet Giang),
trc an, sau o tien s, co ra lam quan. Thuoc phai th quai an
noi tieng nh bai th Du t ngam, tnh y sau sac, ngon t bnh d.
( Giao han, ao sau), nhng
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc

Du t ngam
T mau thu trung tuyen,
Du t than thng y.
Lam hanh mat mat phung,
Y khung tr tr qui.
Thuy ngon thon thao tam,
Bao ac tam xuan huy?
- 87 -
Khuc ngam ngi con i chi xa

Ao may tram moi tham tnh,
T trong tay me tren mnh con ay.
Lo con i kp ve chay,
Khau san moi ch ot day mui kim.
Ai rang bao ap hieu tam,
T ti tac co tham dam ba xuan.
(Ho ac nh dch)
-Gia ao(779-843): T Lang Tien, hieu Kiet Thach sn nhan, ngi Pham Dng, tnh Ha Bac,
thi nhieu lan khong o ben i tu Lac Dng, phap danh Vo Ban. Sau lai hoan tuc va ra lam quan.
chc T thng tham quan tai Pho Chau. Thuoc phai th quai an.
1.Tam an gia bat ngo

Tung ha van ong t,
Ngon s thai dc kh.
Ch tai th sn trung,
Van tham bat tri x.
2.o Tang Can
Khach xa Tinh Chau d thap sng,
Qui tam nhat da c Ham Dng.
Vo oan canh o Tang Can thuy,
Khc vong Tinh Chau th co hng.
3.Tuyet cu
Nh cu tam nien ac,
Nhat ngam song le lu.
Tri am nh bat thng,
Qui ngoa co sn thu.
Tm ngi an, khong gap

Goc thong, hoi chu tieu ong
Rang:Thay hai thuoc lo mo i xa.
Ch trong day nui ay ma,
May che mu mt biet la ni nao?
(Tan a dch)
Qua ben Tang Can
Tinh Chau nng nau trai mi sng,
Long nh Ham Dng sm toi thng.
Di en Tang Can chi the na,
Tinh Chau ngoanh lai cung Ham Dng.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Tuyet cu
Hai cau lam mat ba nam,
Mot ngam, la cha hai hang le ri.
Tri am v chang thng li,
Tr ve nui cu nam chi thu tan.
-Ly Ha(790-816): Co tai, nhng tnh tnh lap d, khong giao du vi ai, c sang tinh sng ci
la, eo tui gam, i tm hng th. Ngh c cau nao, chep bo vao tui gam. Ngi ng thi goi
ong la quy tai.
Xng Coc bac vien tan duan

Chc thu thanh quang ta S T,
Nh hng xuan phan hac li li.
Vo tnh hu han ha nhan kien,
Lo ap yen e thien van chi.
Nam vien
Hoa chi thao man nhan trung khai,
Tieu bach trng hong Viet n tai.
Kha lien nhat mo yen hng lac,
Gia d xuan phong bat dung moi.
Mang tre mi trong vn bac Xng coc

S T em viet be tre tinh,
Mc am hng xuan net ro tnh.
Ai biet da tre mang moi han,
Sng sa khoi phu lap muon canh.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Vn pha nam
Co non hoa canh trc mat khoe,
Trang hong xinh ta ma Tay Thi.
Thng thay chieu toi tan hng sac,
Ga gio ong nao moi lai chi ?
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 88 -
3.1.3.4-Phai th tr tnh lang man:

-Trng Tch(765?-830): T Van Xng, ngi at O Giang, Hoa Chau(nay thuoc tnh An
Huy), noi tieng nh bai Tiet phu ngam.
Tiet phu ngam

Quan tri thiep hu phu,
Tang thiep song minh chau,
Cam quan trien mien y,
He tai hong la nhu.
Thiep gia cao lau lien uyen khi,
Lng nhan chap kch Minh Quang ly.
Tri quan dung tam nh nhat nguyet,
S phu the ngh ong sinh t.
Hoan quan minh chau song le thuy,
Han bat tng phung v gia thuy.
Khuc ngam cua ngi tiet phu

Chang hay em co chong roi,
Yeu em chang tang mot oi ngoc lanh.
Van vng nhng moi cam tnh,
Em eo trong ao lot mnh mau sen.
Nha em vn ng ke ben,
Chongem cam kch trong en Minh Quang
Nh gng vang biet long chang,
Th chong quyet chang phu phang the xa.
Tra ngoc chang, le nh ma

Han khong gap g khi cha co chong.
(Ngo Tat To dch)
-Thoi Ho(trc sau 804): T An Cong, ngi quan Bac Lang(nay thuoc tnh Trc Le), lan an
khoa c, mai en nam 796 mi o tien s, lam quan en chc Tiet o s Lnh Nam, noi tieng nh bai
e tch s kien x(con co ta la e o thanh nam trang).
e tch s kien x
Kh nien kim nhat th mon trung,
Nhan dien ao hoa tng anh hong;
Nhan dien bat tri ha x kh,
ao hoa y cu tieu ong phong.
e th ni trong thay ngay trc

Ngay nay trong ca nam nao,
Ma ao cung vi hoa ao tham oi.
Ma ao i mat au roi?
Hoa ao nam trc con ci gio ong.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
-Lu Vu Tch(772-842): T la Mong ac, ngi huyen Banh Thanh, nay thuoc tnh Giang To,
au tien s, lam quan b thang giang nhieu lan va a tng b biem ra Ba Chau, Lien Chau, To Chau
va Nh Chau. en thi Hoi Xng, c phong lam Kiem hieu Le bo thng th.
Tac pham e lai co Lu tan khach tap, 40 quyen.
O Y hang
Chu tc kieu bien da thao hoa,
O Y hang khau tch dng ta.
Cu thi Vng Ta ng tien yen,
Phi nhap tam thng bach tnh gia.
Ngo O Y
Ben cau Chu Tc co hoa,
O Y au ngo bong ta tch dng.
En xa nha Ta nha Vng,
Lac loai en chon tam thng dan gia.
(Tan a dch)
-o Thu Nng: Ngi at Kim Lang(nay la huyen Giang Ninh, tnh Giang To), la hau thiep
cua Ly Ky. Sau khi Ly Ky mu phan b giet, c ng Muc Tong lien tai, cho ve day hoc trong
cung.
Kim lu y
Khuyen quan mac tch kim lu y,
Khuyen quan tch thu thieu nien th.
Ao t vang
Khuyen anh ng tiec ao t vang,
Khuyen anh nentiec tuoi ang xuan th
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Hoa khai kham chiet trc tu chiet,

Mac ai vo hoa khong chiet chi.
- 89 -
Hoa kia en o, be i
ng ch hoa heo be g canh khong?
3.1.4.-Van ng(836-905):
Bao quat thi gian t nam au nien hieu Khai Thanh i ng Van
Tong(836) en nam th 2 nien hieu Thien Hu i ng Chieu Tuyen e(905),
chng 70 nam: noi dung tran ngap tnh chat bi luy va phong cach diem le hoa my
thi Luc Trieu a th ng en bc suy vong.
Noi bat la 3 nha th Ly Thng An, o Muc va On nh Quan. Ly
Thng An noi tieng vi chat th tng trng, o Muc vi chat th thiet tha hoai
co, con On nh Quan vi s khai sang loi t khuc se tr thanh the loai oc ton
chiem lnh thi an i Tong.
Nguon th sn thuy ien vien lay cam hng t ao Uyen Minh i
ong Tan, phat xuat vi nhng van th bnh d cua Vng Tch thi S ng,
trng thanh vi nhng giai tac cua Manh Hao Nhien, Vng Duy thi Thnh
ng, bien chuyen vi nhng tm toi kham kha cua Vi ng Vat, Lieu Tong
Nguyen thi Trung ng, nay chuyen thanh nhng y th than tien hoang ng ao
mong cua nha th Tao ng. Roi tieng th bien tai, hien thc, tr tnh eu mang
nang chat bi thng, phan anh tam trang au n cua ngi dan mat nc. Nhng
bai Bac Tan Hoai cua o Muc, Lung Tay hanh cua Tran ao, Tai Kinh Ho
Thanh huyen cua o Tuan Hac, eu la nhng li khoc than bao hieu s sup o
cua trieu ai Nha ng.
3.1.4.1- Th tr tnh:
-Ly Thng An(813-858): T Ngha Sn, hieu Ngoc Khe Sinh, ngi huyen Ha Noi(nay la
phu Hoai Khanh, tnh Ha Nam), au tien s nam 837, te danh vi On Dnh Quan va o Muc. Th
mang tnh tng trng.
1.Vo e
Tng kien thi nan, biet diec nan
ong phong vo lc bach hoa tan.
Xuan tam ao t ti phng tan,
Lap c thanh hoi le thuy can.
Hieu knh an sau van man cai,
Da ngam ng giac nguyet quang han.
Bong Lai th kh vo a lo,
Thanh ieu an can v tham khan.
2.Cam sat
Cam sat vo oan ngu thap huyen,
Nhat huyen nhat tru t hoa nien.
Trang Sinh hieu mong me ho iep,
Vong e xuan tam thac o quyen.
Thng hai nguyet minh chau hu le,
Lam ien nhat noan ngoc sinh yen.
Khong au e
Kho gap nhau ma cung kho xa,
Gio xuan anh e rung tram hoa.
Con tam en thac t con vng,
Ngon nen cha tan le van sa.
Sang ngam gng buon thay mai tuyet
em ngam th, thay lanh trang nga.
Bong Lai ti o khong xa may,
Cay vi chim xanh do loi ma.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Cay an gam
Nam chuc day tren nhng phiem an,
Moi day moi tru nh hoa nien.
Trang Sinh mong sm lam bm bm
Thuc e long xuan gi o quyen.
Trang chieu le chau ngi be rong,
Nang phi khoi ngoc am Lam ien.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Th tnh kha ai thanh truy c,

Ch th ng thi d vong nhien.
3.Da vu ky bac
Quan van qui ky, v hu ky
Ba sn da vu trng thu tr.
Ha ng cong tien tay song chuc,
Khc thoai Ba sn da vu th.
- 90 -
Tnh nay hay i nen niem nh,

Tiec a xa kia loi c nguyen.
em ma, g ve Bac
Ban hoi ngay ve, cha nh ngay
Non Ba ma toi ho thu ay;
Bao gi noi uoc sang tay c,
Ke chuyen em ma chon nui nay.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
-o Muc(803-852): T Muc Chi, hieu Phan Xuyen, ngi huyen Van Nien(nay thuoc tnh
Thiem Tay), o tien s nam 828, lam Thai thu Ho Chau, thng c goi la Tieu o e phan biet
vi Lao o(tc o Phu).
1.Xch Bch hoai co

Chiet kch tram sa thiet v tieu,
T tng ma tay nhan tien trieu.
ong phong bat d Chu lang tien,
ong tc xuan tham toa nh Kieu.
2.Bac Tan Hoai
Yen lung han thuy nguyet lung sa,
Da bac Tan Hoai can tu gia.
Thng n bat tri vong quoc han,
Cach giang do xng Hau nh Hoa.
3.Thanh minh
Thanh minh thi tiet vu phan phan,
Lo thng hanh nhan duc oan hon.
Ta van tu gia ha x hu?
Muc ong dao ch Hanh hoa thon.
Nh xa Xch Bch
Dao chon bai cat con tr,
Ra xem, tng nh trieu xa suy tan
Gio ong khong giup Chu lang,
Mot nen ongTc khoa xuan haiKieu
o thuyen ben Tan Hoai
Nc long khoi toa, cat trang pha,
Thuyen o song Hoai canh tu gia.
Con hat biet chi hn mat nc,
Cach song ca khucHau nh Hoa.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Tiet thanh minh
Thanh minh lat phat tiet ma phun,
Khien khach ng xa tham noi buon.
-Quan ru au ay?nh mach ho,
Muc ong xa ch:Hanh hoa thon.
(Khng hu Dung dch)
-On nh Quan(trc sau 859): T Phi Khanh, ngi phu Thai Nguyen, tnh Sn Tay. Tnh
tnh phong ang, gioi th van, hay an sao, la ngi khai sang loi t.
Tang thieu nien
Giang hai tng phung khach han a,
Thu phong diep ha ong nh ba.
Tu ham da biet Hoai Am th,
Nguyet chieu cao lau nhat khuc ca.
Tang thieu nien

Bien song gap g gian phieu linh,
La rung ho thu song ong nh.
Say tt ch Hoai em tien biet,
Lau cao mot khuc oi trang thanh.
-Trnh Coc(? - 896): T Thu Ngu, ngi phu Vien Chau(nay thuoc tnh Giang Tay), thi o tien
s nam 837, lam chc o quan lang trung, nen thng c goi la Trnh o Quan, c nha s Te
Ky ton la Nhat t s do sa ch so chi thanh nhat chi trong bai Tao mai (Tien thon tham tuyet
ly, Tac da nhat chi khai).
Hoai thuy biet hu

Dng T giang au dng lieu xuan,
T biet ban tren song Hoai

Dng T au song sac lieu xanh,
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Dng hoa sau sat o giang nhan.

So thanh phong ch ly nh van,
Quan hng Tieu Tng nga hng Tan.
- 91 -
Sac hoa them tham khach l hanh.

Sao chieu vong en nh ly biet,
Toi nga song Tng ban loi Tan.
-Vi Trang(trc sau 900): T oan Ky, ngi at o Lang, qua6n Kinh Trieu(nay thuoc tnh
Thiem Tay. Mo coi sm, co ch ham hoc, thi o tien s, trai cac chc Hieu th lang, phan quan en
Lai bo th lang. Ong mat Thuc, co Hoan hoa tap(6 quyen), Hoan hoa t.
ong Dng tu gia tang biet
Thien nhai phng than d hng than,
Hu hng thien nhai biet co nhan.
Minh nhat ngu canh co iem nguyet,
Tuy tinh ha x cac triem can.
quan ru ong Dng, tang th t biet

Ben tri lan an a thng than,
Lai ben tri biet co nhan.
Trang lanh canh tan ni quan khach,
Tnh say oi nga le am khan.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
3.1.4.2- Th bien tai:

-Tran ao(trc sau 841): T Tung Ba, ngi at Kiem Pho(nay thuoc tnh Giang Tay),
nhieu lan thi khong o nen ve an.
Lung Tay hanh

The tao Hung No bat co than,
Ngu thien ieu cam tang Ho tran.
Kha lien Vo nh ha bien cot,
Do th xuan khue mong ly nhan.
-Tran Ngoc Lan:
Ky phu
Quan thu bien quan thiep tai Ngo,
Tay phong xuy thiep thiep u phu.
Nhat hang th tn thien hang le,
Han ao quan bien y ao vo?
-Cap Gia Van:
Y Chau ca
a khi hoang oanh nhi,
Mac giao chi thng e.
e thi kinh thiep mong,
Bat ac ao Lieu Te.
Bai hat Lung Tay

The quet Hung No chang tiec than,
at Ho ui xac may nghn quan.
Thng thay Vo nh xng thanh nui
Hon van em em mong gac xuan.
G cho chong
Chong thu bien cng thiep tai Ngo,
Gio Tay lanh thiep thiep thng chong.
Mot hang th tn muon hang le,Ret en ben
chang ao en khong?
Bai hat Y Chau
ap cho mat cai vang anh,
Chang cho no tren canh no keu.
No keu tnh giac chiem bao,
Lieu Tay chang c em theo en chang.
(Tan a dch)
3.1.4.3- Th hien thc xa hoi:

-o Tuan Hac(804-907): T Ngan Chi, hieu Cu Hoa sn nhan, ngi Tr Chau(nay thuoc tnh
An Huy), nha ngheo, 46 tuoi mi o tien s, lam quan ch hai nam roi ve an nui Cu Hoa. Th ong
phan anh hien thc xa hoi thi Van ng.
1.Sn trung qua phu

Phu nhan binh t thu bong mao,
Ma tr y sam man phat tieu.
Tang gia phe lai do nap thue,
Ngi an ba goa trong nui

V chong chet tran gi c ngi,
Mai toc vang hoe tam ao gai.
Vn ruong hoang tan to van thuc,
Dau tam bo phe thue cha thoi.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
ien vien hoang hau thng chinh mieu.

Thi khieu da thai hoa can ch,
Toan chc sinh sai i diep thieu.
Nham th tham sn canh tham x,
Da ng vo ke t chinh dieu.
2.Tai kinh Ho Thanh huyen
Kh tue tang kinh th huyen thanh,
Huyen dan vo khau bat oan thanh.
Kim lai huyen te gia chu phat,
Tien th thng sinh huyet nhiem thanh.
- 92 -
Het tm rau nau nieu canh nhat,

Xoay chat canh un m cui ti.
tan hang cung trong hoc nui,
Cung khong thoat khoi thue xau oi.
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Qua huyen Ho Thanh lan th 2
Nam ngoai ta i khap huyen nay,
Tieng oan day at nao nung thay !
Nay quan c thng day tua o,
Chnh mau dan lanh nhuom o day.
(Tng Nh dch)
3.1.4.4-Th than tien ao mong:

-Tao ng(trc sau 867): T Nghieu Tan, ngi Que Chau (nay la huyen Que Lam, tnh
Quang Tay). Ban au lam ao s, sau i thi tien s khong au. e lai thi tap (3 quyen), gom nhng
bai du tien thi c nhieu ngi truyen tung.
1.Lu Nguyen du Thien Thai

Thu nhap Thien Thai thach lo nan,
Van hoa thao tnh, quynh vo tran.
Yen ha bat tnh sinh tien s,
Thuy moc khong nghi mong hau than.
Vang vang ke minh nham ha nguyet,
Thi thi khuyen phe ong trung xuan.
Bat tri th a qui ha x,
Tu tu ao nguyen van chu nhan.
2.Thien Thai tong biet
An can tng tong xuat Thien Thai,
Tien canh na nang khc tai lai.
Van dch ky qui tu cng am,
Ngoc th vo s mac tan khai.
Hoa lu ong khau ng trng tai,
Thuy ao nhan gian nh bat hoi.
Tru trng khe au tong th biet,
Bchsn minh nguyet chieu thng ai
3.Lu Nguyen tai ao Thien Thai
bat phuc kien ch tien t
Tai ao Thien Thai phong Ngoc Chan,
Thng ai bach thach d thanh tran.
Sinh ca tch mch nhan tham ong,
Van hac tieu ieu tuyet cu lan.
Thao thu tong phi tien o sac,
Yen ha bat t vang nien xuan.
ao hoa lu thuy y nhien tai,
Lu Nguyen en chi nui Thien Thai

Cay a Thien Thai m loi vao,
May em co lang bui ng lau.
Rang may lng chuyen qua ngay trc,
Cay nc ng than kiep sau.
Gay nguyet sn non ga vang o,
Bao xuan trong ong cho thng gau.
Ni ay chang biet la au ca,
Ai chu ni ay? Hoi suoi ao !
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
a tien tai Thien Thai
An can a bc khoi Thien Thai,
Tien canh khon mong tr lai roi.
Ve, ru trng sinh nen co uong,
Can, th mau nhiem hay lan coi.
Hoa trong ong han con ti mai,
Nc xuong tran khong the chay lui.
Ben suoi ngan ng buon vnh biet,
Trang soi nui biec anh trang ngi...
(Khng Hu Dung dch)
Lu Nguyen lai en Thien Thai
khong gap cac nang tien na
Lai en tm tien suoi m,
Reu xanh a trang bui lu l.
an ca vang ve, hang sau quanh
May bac u hiu, xom cu m.
Cay co phai au mau thu trc,
Khoi may eu khac ve xuan xa.
Hoa ao nc chay y nguyen o,
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 93 -
Bat kien ng thi khuyen tu nhan.
Chuoc ru con au ai bay gi?

(Khng Hu Dung dch)
3.2.- TH I TONG(960-1279):
3.2.1.-Bac Tong(960-1127):
-Au Dng Tu(1007-1072): t la Vnh Thuc, hieu la Tuy Ong, au tien s, lam quan ti chc
Binh bo thng th, noi tieng ve th lan van, t y nghiem trang ma diem le mot trong bat ai gia.
Phong Lac nh du xuan

Hong thu thanh sn nhat duc ta,
Trng giao thao sac luc vo nha(nhai).
Du nhan bat quan xuan tng lao,
Lai vang nh tien ap lac hoa.
Chi xuan nh Phong Lac

Cay o nui xanh bong sap ta,
Bat ngan co biec rn ong xa.
Khach chi chang quan xuan gan het,
i lai san nh giam nat hoa.
-Vng An Thach(1021-1086): T Gii Phu, hieu Ban Sn, mot trong bat ai gia. Lai co ai
tai ve chnh tr, lam te tng trieu Tong Than Tong, thc hien bien phap nhng khong thanh. Cung
co tai ve th, y mi, li hung hon. Co bai t y thanh tan, khoang at, khong kem th sn thuy ien
vien i thnh ng.
Truc ly
Truc ly bien mao y thach can,
Truc hanh s x kien tien thon.
Nhan mien tan nhat vo nhan ao,
T hu xuan phong v tao mon.
Trong khom truc

Vach a b lau bong truc um,
Nhn qua ke truc thay hng thon.
Suot ngay nhan ngu khong ai ti,
a co gio xuan quet ca gium.
-To Thc(1036-1101): T T Chiem, hieu ong Pha c s, ngi Mi Sn, T Xuyen. Xuat than
t gia nh van hoc, noi tieng ky tai. Tnh hao phong khoang at, li th rat t nhien ma tan ky, co
bai phang phat phong cach Ly Bach. Gioi ca ve th, phu va t, c Au Dng Tu khenthi trung
hu hoa, hoa trung hu thi, mot trong bat ai gia.
Vong ho lau tuy th

Hac van phien mac v gia sn,
Bach vu khieu chau loan nhap thuyen.
Quyen a phong lai hot phi tan,
Vong ho lau nguyet thuy nh thien.
Trong khi say vnh canh lau tren ho

May en boi mc nui na ben,
Ma trang ri chau vai xuong thuyen
Cuon at gio au lua thoi het,
Di lau mau nc ta thanh thien.
3.2.2.-Nam Tong(1127-1234):
-Luc Du(1125-1210): T Vu Quan, hieu Phong Ong, ngi Sn Am, nay la huyen Thieu Hng,
tnh Chiet Giang. Phong cach th Luc Du kha a dang: tram uat nh th o Phu, bi phan nh th
Khuat Nguyen, gian d cao khiet nh th ao Tiem, bay bong lang man nh th Ly Bach, hao
phong nh th To Thc. Vi tnh cach toan dien ay, nhieu ngi cho rang: tuoi tre thch th Ly
Bach, tuoi trung nien thch th o Phu, ve gia a ngam vnh th Luc Du.
1.Thap nhat nguyet t nhat phong vu

ai tac
Cng ngoa co thon bat t ai,
Thng t v quoc thu Luan ai.
Da lan ngoa thnh phong xuy vu,
Ngay mung 4 thang 11 ma gio ln, lam

th
Xom le nam co chang tui long,
au quan bao quoc ch con mong.
em tan nam lang nghe ma gio,
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Thiet ma bang ha nhap mong lai.

2.Th nhi
T kh nguyen tri van s khong,
an bi bat kien cu chau ong.
Vng s bac nh trung nguyen nhat,
Gia te vo vong cao nai ong.
- 94 -
Mong thay song bang nga sat long.

Dan tre
Van biet chet roi van s khong,
Ch buon chang cu c non song.
Ngay nao chiem lai trung nguyen cu,
Cung te ng quen cao vi ong.
-Pham Thanh ai(1126-1193): T Chi Nang, chuyen ta thu ien vien, phong cach nhan dat
khong kem th Vng Duy, Manh Hao Nhien.
Van xuan ien vien tap hng

Ho iep song song nhap thai hoa,
Nhat trng vo khach ao ien gia.
Ke phi qua ly khuyen phe au,
Tri hu hanh thng lai mai tra.
-Chau Phong:
Tong biet
Dieu dieu thien nhai quan kh th,
Phu van lu thuy t tng tuy.
Nhan sinh nhat the trng vi khach,
Ha tat kim trieu th biet ly.
-Dng Van Ly:
iep
Ly lac s s nhat kinh tham,
Thu au tien luc v thanh am.
Nhi ong cap tau truy hoang iep,
Phi nhap thai hoa vo x tam.
Cam hng canh que tiet cuoi xuan

Cap bm song song nhap bui hoa,
Ngay dai khong khach ti chi nha.
Ga bay qua dau cho sua lo,
Biet co hang rong ti ban tra.
Tien ban
M mt chan tri luc ban i,
May troi nc chay ch buon chi.
i ngi song gi than lam khach,
Nao phai hom nay mi biet ly.
Bm
Hang dau tha tha ng hem sau,
Cay cha thanh bong mi xanh au.
Tre em uoi bm vo vn cai,
Bm lan hoa vang biet kiem au?
3.2.3.-Tong mat(1234-1279):
-Van Thien Tng: Rat kh phach, giau cam khai, khang Nguyen that bai, b giam trong nguc
Yen Kinh 4 nam, khong nghe theo li du do cua ch, sau b giet. Noi tieng vi bai thChnh kh
ca, li th trang liet, tac ong rat ln khong ch oi vi nho s Trung Quoc thi Tong mat ma con
vi gii nho s thi loan noi chung.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
Chnh kh ca
Thien a hu chnh kh,
Tap nhien phu lu hnh.
Ha tac vi ha nhac,
Thng tac vi nhat tinh.
nhan viet hao nhien,
Bai ho tac thng minh.
Hoang lo ng thanh di,
Ham hoa tho minh nh.
Thi cung tiet nai hien,
Nhat nhat thuy an thanh.
Tai Te thai s gian,
Tai Tan ong Ho but,
Tai Tan Trng Lng chuy,
Tai Han To Vu tiet.
Vi Nghiem tng quan au,
Vi Ke Th trung huyet,
Vi Trng Tuy Dng x,
Vi Nhan Thng Sn thiet.
Hoac vi Lieu ong mao,
Thanh thao le bang tuyet.
Hoac vi xuat s bieu,
Quy than khap trang liet.
Hoac vi o giang tiep,
Khang khai thon Ho hiet.
Hoac vi kch tac hot,
Nghch thu au pha liet.
Th kh s bang bac,
Lam liet van co ton.
ng ky quan nhat nguyet,
Sinh t an tuc luan(luan).
a duy lai d lap,
Thien tru lai d ton.
Tam cng thc he menh,
ao ngha v chi can.
..
- 95 -
Bai ca chnh kh
Tri at co chnh kh,
Lan lon trong cac hnh.
Di at la song nui,
Tren tri la nhat tinh.
Tai ngi la hao nhien,
Vu tru ay anh linh.
Kh hoa nha trc san,
La gap luc thanh bnh.
Thi cung cao tiet hien,
Nhat nhat ghi s xanh.
Tan but ong Ho,
Te the Thai s,
Tan dui Trng Lng,
Han c To Vu.
La au Nghiem tng quan,
La huyet Ke Th Trung,
La rang Trng Tuy Dng,
La li Nhan Thng Sn.
Hoac la mao Lieu ong,
Tiet trong hn bang tuyet.
Hoac la bieu xuat s,
Quy than khoc trang liet.
Hoac go cheo qua song,
Khang khai nuot r Hiet.
Cam hot ap be so,
Nghch tac phai ren siet.
Kh ay no bang bac,
Lam liet van co con.
ng luc kh xung thien,
Song chet khong them ban.
Cot tri nh no vng,
Day at nh no ben.
ao ngha no lam goc,
Moi ging nh no yen.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 96 -
CAU HOI ON TAP CHNG III

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Noi dung va nghe thuat th thi S ng.

Noi dung va nghe thuat th thi Thnh ng.
Dien bien noi dung va nghe thuat th t S en Thnh ng.
Dien bien noi dung va nghe thuat th thi Trung ng.
Noi dung va nghe thuat th thi Van ng.
Tuoi tre me th Ly Bach, tuoi trung nien thch th o Phu, tuoi gia a
th Luc Du. Anh (ch) ngh the nao ve nhan nh tren.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHNG III

2. Hoang Khoi(dch), Co van(3 tap), NxbTrung tam hoc lieu, 1970.
3. Khng Hu Dung(dch), Th ng, Nxb a Nang, 1996.
4. Nguyen Hien Le, ai cng van hoc s Trung Quoc, Quyen 1&2,
Nxb Nguyen Hien Le, 1964.
5. Nguyen Th Bch Hai, Thi phap th ng, Nxb Thuan Hoa, 1995.
6. Tan a(dch), Th ng, Nxb Tp.Ho Ch Minh, 1989.
7. Tran Trong San, Th ng, 2 tap, Nxb Bac au, 1970.
8. Tran Trong San(dch),Kim Thanh Than phe bnh th ng, Tu sach
HTH Tp. Ho Ch Minh, 1990.
9. Tran Trong San, Han Van, Nxb Bac au, 1970.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 97 -
CHNG IV. TIEU THUYET MINH THANH

Thanh tu noi bat cua van hoc co ien Trung quoc ngi ta thng ke en:
Tan van trc Tan, th ng, t Tong, kch Nguyen, tieu thuyet Minh Thanh .
Minh Thanh la thi ky hoang kim cua tieu thuyet vi cac bo : Tam quoc, Thuy h,
Tay du, Lieu trai ch d, chuyen lang nho, Hong lau mong . Tieu thuyet chng
hoi Trung Hoa a at en trnh o hoan chnh bi vay no con c goi la Tieu
thuyet co ien Trung hoa. No co v tr quan trong trong lch s phat trien cua the
loai tieu thuyet noi rieng va tren lch s van hoc noi chung.
I.- BOI CANH LCH S

Sau hn mot the ky chu s o ho cua ngi Mong Co, nam 1368 cuoc khi
ngha cua Chu Nguyen Chng lat o vng trieu Nguyen Mong lap nen nha Minh.
Nha Minh (1368 1644) la trieu ai Han toc cuoi cung cua Trung quoc,
Minh Thai To Chu Nguyen Chng c coi la v anh hung xuat than bnh dan, day
binh khi ngha, nam gai nem mat ma dng c nghiep ln nh Han Cao To Lu
Bang ngay xa.
Thi ky nay co nhng chnh sach nhng bo nh phat trien thuy li,
han che cng hao, khoi phuc cong thng nghiep va thu cong nghiep b b
tan pha di thi Mong Nguyen.
Vnh Lac (1403 1424)
Tuyen c (1426 1435)
Gia
Tnh (1522 1567)
1407 Minh Thanh To sai tng Trng Phu dan 80 van quan sang xam
chiem Viet Nam oi An Nam thanh Giao Ch
25 nam cuoi cung cua nha Minh xa hoi roi loan, mau thuan giai cap va co
nhieu cuoc khi ngha nong dan. Khi ngha Ly T Thanh Trng Hien Trung
lanh ao a lat o nha Minh, vua nha Minh la Sung Trinh that co t t. Nhng khi
Ly T Thanh cha kp cung co chnh quyen th vien ai than trieu Minh la Ngo
Tam Que a rc quan Man Thanh vao ca ai. Chung chiem Bac kinh roi anh
rong ra toan bo Trung Quoc lap nen nha Thanh.
Nha Thanh (1644 1911) la trieu ai ngoai toc th hai (sau Mong
Co) thong tr Trung Quoc. Cung nh Mong Co, Man Thanh la mot vng
quoc nho va lac hau so vi Trung Quoc nen khi thong tr mot nc at rong,
ngi ong, co nen van hoa phat trien th chung thi hanh mot chnh sach
tran ap no dch vo cung tan bao. Chung bat ngi Trung Quoc theo phong
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 98 -
tuc Man Thanh: mac ky bao (ao dai), giooc uoi sam nhng dan dan bon
chinh phuc lai b Han hoa. Chung bat chc cac trieu ai trc, thi hanh mot
so chnh sach nhng bo nham khoi phuc va phat trien san xuat.
Thi Kien Long (1736 1795) la thi ky phon vinh nhat cua e che
Man Thanh vi nhng tham vong banh trng.
Nam1788 tng Ton S Ngh sang xam lc Viet Nam m ng
banh trng xuong ong Nam A nhng athat bai tham hai.
Nha Thanh tr v c 267 nam, en cach mang Tan Hi (1911) mi
b lat o, nhng sau nam 1840 xay ra chien tranh thuoc phien, cac e quoc
phng Tay lan lt nhay vao xau xe Trung Quoc th xa hoi Trung Quoc a
dan dan bien chat, tr thanh mot xa hoi na phong kien, na thuoc a.
Tnh hnh chnh tr xa hoi 2 trieu ai Minh Thanh co nhng ac

iem chung:
1. Mot che o chnh tr chuyen che loi thi va phan ong
Nha Minh tr thanh che o oc tai chuyen che Minh Thanh To (1403
1424) quy nh nhng s phu trong nc khong ra giup vua th toi ang
giet va b tch bien gia san.
Nha Thanh : quy toc Man Thanh :Hoi ngh Vng ai than ban ve
chnh s.
Man Han nhat the, thc chat
vi am mu lay Han tr Han.
Hoc gia Phap Rene Grousset nhan xet : vao nhng nam 1650 1700
Trung Quoc gan ngang tam Chau Au nhng en nhng nam 1820 1850 no
bong lac hau so vi cac nc Chau Au nhieu the ky.
e quoc nhay vao Man Thanh quy goi au hang.
2. Mau thuan xa hoi ngay cang phc tap va sau sac:
Minh : Khi ngha nong dan - mau thuan xa hoi khi ngha Ly T
Thanh.
Thanh : Thai Bnh Thien Quoc : keo dai, quy mo, tnh chat phc tap
3. Mot chnh sach van hoa tan bao
e cao Ly hoc (Tong Nho) : la Khong Giao a c Trnh Hao, Chu Hi
(ngi i Tong) giai thch lai nham phuc vu cho viec cung co che o phong
kien tap quyen.
+Ve nhan sinh quan : e cao t tng menh tri, khuyen an phan thu
thng.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc

khep
- 99 -
+ Ve luan ly xa hoi : tam cng ngu thng khuyen ran con ngi
mnh vao khuon phep
+ Ve cach song : e cao chu tnh tranh suy ngh bay ba.
- Xng van bat co :

mot sach, cai can cau cm Gia Bao Ngoc
trong Hong lau mong che gieu .(Viet Nam : Khoa c thi Nguyen thnh bat
co).
4. S hnh thanh va phat trien cua mam mong kinh te t ban chu ngha
Thi Minh : xng det, xng nhuom.
Thi Thanh : nhng mo,
- to gii buon ban vi thng nhan Bo ao Nha, Tay Ban Nha, Ha
Lan, Anh
o th sam uat
tang lp th dan ong ao
hnh thanh
nhng the loai mi nh kch, tieu thuyet
Cu Thu Bach : (1899 1935) mot trong nhng lanh tu buoi au cua
ang Cong san Trung Quoc, nha van, nha phe bnh ly luan Macxt au tien
cua Trung quoc nhan xet: S hnh thanh cua phng thc san xuat t ban
chu ngha la cai thai ang ln len trong than hnh nang cong chua phong
kien Trung Hoa. Tiec rang o la mot quai thai gia chien than e quoc
phng Tay va nang cong chua phng ong luong tuoi nen no khong phat
trien thanh a con bnh thng ma la mot quai thai ky hnh d dang : che o
xa hoi na phong kien na thc dan.
II . TNH HNH VAN HOC

Co the ghep hai thi ky Minh Thanh vao mot giai oan van hoc v c
s kinh te, che o chnh tr, hnh thai y thc va hoat ong van hoc hai thi
ky nay nhn chung la giong nhau.
Sau chien tranh thuoc phien, xa hoi Trung Quoc a thay oi ve ban
chat, van hoc Trung Quoc cung chuyen sang giai oan khac: Van hoc can
hien ai.
Van hoc Minh Thanh co mot v tr rat quan trong tren lch s phat
trien van hoc Trung Quoc noi chung :
+ o la giai oan cuoi cung cua qua trnh phat trien van hoc
co
ien.
+ o la giai oan dai nhat va co noi dung phong phu nhat.
+ o la giai oan anh dau s chuyen mnh sang khuynh
hng
hien ai.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 100 -
ac iem noi bat giai oan nay la : S suy tan cua van hoc chnh thong va s
troi day manh me cua van hoc dan chu va tien bo phan anh nhng yeu cau
cua nhan dan va tang lp th dan bang hy khuc, tieu thuyet.
Van hoc chnh thong la hang loat th, t, tan van ma noi dung ch nham
ca tung canh thanh bnh yen a cua trieu ai hoac boc bach tam t rieng le
cua cac s phu quyen cao chc trong con hnh thc th toan bat chc ngi
xa Van nh Tan Han, thi tat Thnh ng.
Mai en Vien Mai (1716 1797) mi cham dt c viec mu
quang ton sung ngi xa. Theo ong tieu chuan th la hay va d ch au
phai co va kim. Ong e xng viec mieu ta cai linh cam ca nhan, nhng
chang co g la than b ma chang qua la muon phat huy sang tao ca nhan, giai
thoat khoi s rang buoc truyen thong.
Thanh tu cua tieu thuyet Minh Thanh so vi h khuc th ln hn
nhieu, tr thanh net tieu bieu cho thanh tu chung cua van hoc ca giai oan.
That ra, the loai nay ung nh ten goi cua no, khong c coi la the loai
chnh thong. Di con mat nha nho van tai ao, thi ngon ch, tieu thuyet
ch co ngha la li noi au ng xo ch cua ke tieu nhan.
Nhng thi ai at ra nhng oi hoi mi va the loai trc kia b liet
vao hang phi chnh thong lai nhanh chong ap ng nhu cau quang ai quan
chung nhan dan ma tr thanh the loai chu yeu, vi gan 1 van tac pham ln
nho.
at c thanh tu o, tieu thuyet Trung Quoc trai qua mot qua
trnh hnh thanh va phat trien hang chuc the ky.
Trong sach Trung Quoc tieu thuyet s lc, Lo Tan khao sat bon
giai oan phat trien cua tieu thuyet Trung Quoc:
1. Tieu thuyet ch quai ch nhan (ghi chep nhng mau truyen ve
than thanh, ma quy ve nhng con ngi khac thng - i Tan the ky III,IV).
2. Tieu thuyet truyen ky (truyen lai nhng truyen ky la - truyen
ky va tieu thuyet i ng the ky VII en IX).
3. Tieu thuyet thoai ban i Tong (the ky XII,XIII) ban thoai,
bnh thoai, thuyet thoai.
Tieu thuyet thoai ban i Nguyen
4. Tieu thuyet chng hoi Minh Thanh ke tha trc tiep nhng
thanh tu cua tieu thuyet thoai ban Tong, Nguyen.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 101 -
Theo Lo Tan 9/10 cac bo tieu thuyet Minh Thanh lay e tai va cot truyen t
ban thoai. No a phat trien, hoan chnh the loai va c goi la tieu thuyet co ien
Trung Hoa.
Tieu thuyet Minh Thanh la san pham cua van hoa trung ai, no la bc phat trien
trung gian gia truyen ke s thi va tieu thuyet. So vi tieu thuyet hien ai no co mot
so ac iem rieng biet.
S PHAT TRIEN CUA TIEU THUYET CO IEN TRUNG QUOC
Thi Minh Thanh (1368 1911) : Thi ky phat trien cua tieu thuyet co ien
Trung Quoc giai oan cuoi cung cua s phat trien van hoc co Trung quoc.
1.Tieu thuyet i Minh

1.1 Tieu thuyet i Minh bat nguon t nhng truyen ke dan gian, sang tao t nhieu
i, c cac nha van i sau su tam chnh ly.
1.2 Tieu thuyet lay tai lieu trong mot so ch nhan, ch quai, truyen ky i trc va
nhn chung dau an chuyen ke con rat ro.
1.3 Mot so tieu thuyet lch s em lch s Trung Hoa toan bo gii thieu vi ai
chung, phan ln eu c an hanh Phuc Kien vao i Van lch (1573 1619).
1.4 Tieu thuyet i Minh bat nguon t nhng ban thoai i Tong va a phat trien
vi mot toc o vo cung mau le. Neu i Tong la thi ky thai ngen, th i Minh
co the noi la thi ky khai hoa n nhuy va trng thanh cua tieu thuyet chng
hoi.
1.5 Co the chia tieu thuyet i Minh ra lam may loai sau :
a. Tieu thuyet anh hung : Thuy H
b. Tieu thuyet lch s : Tam quoc dien ngha
c. Tieu thuyet than ma : Tay Du, Phong than dien ngha, Tam Bao Thai giam
ha Tay Dng
d. Tieu thuyet tnh cam : Kim Bnh Mai
1.6 Mot so ac iem tieu thuyet i Minh.
a. Tieu thuyet (van bnh dan) ac biet phat trien manh hn cac loai co van
(Van quy toc).
b. Tieu thuyet lch s, than ma phat trien manh hn ca. Hau het tieu thuyet ve
e tai lch s eu ra i trong thi ai nha Minh.
c. Hnh thc ke chuyen vi ban thoai dan dan nhng cho cho hnh thc dien
ngha
d. Rat kho tm ten that tac gia (tr mot vai ngi noi tieng nh La Quan Trung,
Thi Nai Am).
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 102 -
e. Mac du chnh tr khac nghiet, nhng hau het cac bo tieu thuyet eu c
long vao t nhieu noi dung chong vua quan, hao toc.
1.7 Ly do tieu thuyet i Minh phat trien hn trc :
a. S phat trien cua nghe in, lam cho tieu thuyet thi ky nay c pho bien
manh, i ti khap cong chung ngay ca nhng ngi dot nat.
b. Nhng nha Lao hoc va Phat hoc cung dung tieu thuyet lam mot phng tien
cho viec truyen ba cua ho.
2. Tieu thuyet i Thanh (1644 1911)

2.1 Tieu thuyet i Thanh la mot bc phat trien mi, phan ln la sang tac
cua ca nhan nha van, t b s sach rang buoc va mang mau sac tieu
thuyet hien ai ro net.
2.2 Nha van xay dng cot truyen va hnh tng nhan vat bang h cau.
2.3 Tnh tiet va cot truyen cua nhng bo tieu thuyet thi ky nay lay t nhng
sinh hoat bnh thng trong cuoc song hien thc. e tai hien thc xa hoi
ra i chu yeu vao thi ai nha Thanh.
2.4 Tieu thuyet thi ky nay mieu ta khong cong thc va c le nh trc,
tam
trang, tnh cach nhan vat cung phc tap hn nhieu.

2.5 Co the chia tieu thuyet i Thanh ra lam may loai sau :
a. Tieu thuyet tnh cam : Hong lau mong cuaTao Chiem (Tuyet Can),
Cao Ngac.
b. Tieu thuyet trao long : Nho Lam ngoai s Ngo Knh T .
c. Tieu thuyet hiep khach : Tam hiep ngu ngha.
Tieu thuyet ma quai : Lieu trai ch d Bo Tung Linh
2.6 Mot so ac iem tieu thuyet i Thanh :
a. Tieu thuyet i Tong, Nguyen, Minh cot truyen phan nhieu soi noi,
don dap, gay can rut trong lch s, hoac trong chien tranh.
Tieu thuyet i Thanh lay e tai trong cuoc song thong thng hang
ngay.
b. Tieu thuyet i Nguyen, Minh hap dan ngi oc bang nhng cau
chuyen ly ky. Tieu thuyet i Thanh th nang ve nghe thuat tinh vi, y
ngha tham thuy, noi dung sac ben. Cho nen, oc tieu thuyet i
Thanh, ta thay ro ve tram tram, hi nguoi, ch khong soi noi nh
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 103 -
tieu thuyet i Minh. Co le v the ma tieu thuyet i Thanh a so

cha c dch ra tieng Viet trong khi gan het tieu thuyet i Minh
eu c dch in Viet Nam.
c. Co the thay mot bc tien ro ret t tieu thuyet Minh sang tieu thuyet
Thanh. Can c vao noi dung t tng va ac iem the loai nha Han
hoc Xo Viet V.I Xemanop goi tieu thuyet Minh la tieu thuyet anh
hung, tieu thuyet Thanh la tieu thuyet sinh hoat Tay Du Ky ong
vai tro ban le gia 2 loai.
III. AC IEM TIEU THUYET CO IEN TRUNG QUOC

1. Tac pham chia thanh nhieu hoi (Tam quoc ch dien ngha : 120 hoi, Thuy
H : 120 hoi, Tay Du Ky : 100 hoi). a so tac pham eu a co mot qua trnh cau
tao va hnh thanh lau dai phc tap.
2. Ket cau theo trnh t thi gian, s viec xay ra co trc, noi trc, co sau
noi sau, khong ao ngc, xen ke nh ket cau theo dien bien tam ly cua tieu thuyet
hien ai.
3. Ket thuc moi hoi vao nhng luc mau thuan phat trien en cao trao, tac
pham ket thuc eu co hau, theo cong thc :het cn b cc ti hoi thai lai, trung
thang nnh, chnh thang ta.
4. Tnh cach nhan vat c hnh thanh t hanh ong va thng c tai hien
dan thong qua ngon ng va hanh ong cua ban than no ma khong qua s thuyet
minh phan tch cua nha van.
Nhan vat trong tac pham t c chu trong mieu ta tam ly. Noi dung cau
truyen c the hien chu yeu qua hanh ong va ngon ng nhan vat hn la qua s
mieu ta t m ve tam ly, tnh cach.
5. Tac pham thng s dung ac iem cua truyen ke : m au la ke khai
quat nhng truyen xa xoi, dan truyen bang may cau th, ket thuc bang mot bai
vnh.
6.Trong tac pham cach mo ta, ly giai thng s dung pho bien cac cong
thc va c le thng thay trong cac tac pham co trung ai. a so cac bo tieu
thuyet eu co anh phep, eu co than tien xuat hien lan lon vi ngi tran. Nghe
thuat khac hoa nhan vat mang nhieu tnh c le.
IV. TIEU THUYET CO IEN TRUNG QUOC - TIEU THUYET

CHNG HOI VIET NAM.
1. Tieu thuyet chng hoi viet bang ch Han cua Viet Nam chu nhieu anh
hng cua nghe thuat tieu thuyet chng hoi Trung Quoc.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 104 -
2. Mot so tac pham tieu bieu

2.1 Hoan chau ky cha ro ten tac gia, ch biet o la mot ngi trong
dong ho Nguyen Canh trong thi Le Trnh Mac .
2.2 Nam trieu cong nghiep dien ch (con co cac ten goi khac : Dien ch,
Viet Nam khai quoc ch truyen, Trnh Nguyen dien ch, Mong ba
vng) do Bang Trung Hau Nguyen Khoa Chiem soan nam 1719,
lan au c dch ra tieng Viet nam 1990.
2.3 Hoang Le nhat thong ch Nhom tac gia ho Ngo Th ( au the ky
XIX ) viet
sau Nam trieu cong nghiep dien ch khoang 70 80 nam, khai quat
mot giai
oan lch s xa hoi t khi Trnh Sam len lam chua (1767) en luc
Nguyen
Hue ra Bac, Le Chieu Thong sang Trung Hoa.
Trung Quang tam s Phan Boi Chau sang tac vao au the ky XX,
noi dung cau chuyen lay e tai lch s t cuoc khi ngha chong
quan Minh cua con chau nha Tran vao the ky XV.
Nha ong phng hoc Xo Viet B. L. RIPTIN nhan xet :
Net oc ao cua tieu thuyet chng hoi co ien Viet Nam

khien no gan gui vi tieu thuyet hien ai, la cho no khong ke ve nhng cau
chuyen a xay ra trong qua kh xa xoi nh tieu thuyet ng thi cung loai
cua Nhat Ban, Trung Quoc hoac Trieu Tien, ma no lay chat lieu t cuoc song
ng thi, t nhng s kien va con ngi cua i song hien thc con nong
hoi, t o tai tao va tham nh xuat phat t kinh nghiem song va tng trai ca
nhan cua tac gia.
V. KET LUAN
Thanh tu cua tieu thuyet co ienTrung Quoc : T tai t:
1. Hong Lau Mong cua Tao Tuyet Can , Cao Ngac.
2. Thuy H
cua Thi Nai Am
3. Tay Sng Ky
cua Vng Thc Phu
4. Tam Quoc Ch
cua La Quan Trung
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 105 -
TAM QUOC CH DIEN NGHA

La bo tieu thuyet giang s thng goi tat la Tam quoc, xuat hien vao i
Minh cua nha van La Quan Trung. La Quan Trung a da vao 3 nguon tai lieu sau
e viet nen Tam quoc ch dien ngha :
1. S sach : ac biet la cuon s bien nien Tam quoc ch cua Tran Tho (i
Tan) va Tam quoc ch chu cua Bui Tung Chi (ngi Nam Bac trieu).
2. Tac gia con day cong su tam da s, truyen thuyet va chuyen ke dan
gian.
3. Tap kch va thoai ban i Nguyen : ac biet la da mot phan vao ban
chuyen ke Tam quoc ch bnh thoai (i Nguyen), trong o cac nhan vat
chnh a co hnh dang va tnh cach khong khac xa Tam quoc la bao.
La Quan Trung a phat huy tai nang sang tao cua mnh hoan thanh bo
truyen dai au tien cua Trung Quoc.
I. Tac gia La Quan Trung (1330 1400)

Ten that la La Ban, t Quan Trung, hieu Ho Hai tan nhan, ngi Thai
Nguyen, Tnh Sn Tay (co tai lieu noi la Tien ng, ong Nguyen , Tnh Thai
Nguyen)
Ong sinh vao cuoi i Nguyen va mat vao au i Minh (La Quan Trung
song gia hai thi Nguyen mat va Minh s).
La Quan Trung song vao thi ai mau thuan dan toc va mau thuan giai cap
rat sau sac, xa hoi loan lac, bat on, nen ong phieu bat nhieu ni.
Cuoc i cua ong the nao, khong ai ro. Ch biet, theo truyen thuyet ong la
ngi co oc le loi a tng la mac khach cua Trng S Thanh (ngi i
Nguyen, noi day chong nha Nguyen)co ch mu ba o vng gia Nguyen Minh
giao thi (li cua Vng Ky, ngi i Minh).
Thi Minh Thai To (Chu Nguyen Chng) thong nhat Trung Quoc, La Quan
Trung chuyen sang bien soan Bai s (cung nh da s).
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 106 -
Tam quoc dai 75 van ch, c in i in lai suot may tram nam. Moi lan
in co s thay oi ve chng, hoi, th t va li bnh. Ban lu hanh rong rai nhat cho
en ngay nay la do hai cha con nha phe bnh i Thanh la Mao Luan va Mao Ton
Cng sa cha, chnh ly gom 120 hoi.
Tam quoc ch dien ngha tai hien lai mot the ky ( t nam 184 CN en nam
280 luc T Ma thong nhat Trung Hoa lap nen nha Tan ) loan lac ien ao do tham
vong tranh gianh quyen lc va lanh tho cua cac e vng Trung Hoa gay ra. Tuy ve
chi tiet co cho tac gia sang tao lai, h cau them, nhng khuynh hng c ban cung
nh cac s kien quan trong th can ban phu hp vi s thc lch s. o la bo mat
thc cua xa hoi thi Tam quoc, cung la bo mat quen thuoc cua xa hoi phong kien
Trung Hoa. Chu e cua Tam quoc ch dien ngha la s suy sup cua nha Han va s
ra i cua 3 vng quoc Nguy, Thuc, Ngo.
II. Tac pham Tam quoc ch dien ngha

1.To cao tap oan giai cap thong tr
Noi dung bao trum tac pham la phan anh cac th mau thuan trong noi bo tap
oan thong tr. Qua hai nhan vat ong Trac va Tao Thao, tac gia noi len s bat
man cua mnh oi vi hien thc xau xa cua thi Tam Quoc. S xau xa o the hien
qua cuoc au tranh gia hai tap oan Tao Nguy va Thuc Han.
i song chnh tr va quan s cua Vng hau, tng lnh c phi bay ay
u. Nhng chuyen quyen mu, chan ly ve chnh tr, nhng cuoc chem giet don dap,
canh xa hoi loan lac, i song dan chung kho cc, c tac gia mieu ta chan thc
qua tng trang sach.
Tieu bieu cho ban chat xau xa, oc ac cua giai cap thong tr la Tao Thao.
Toi ac cua Tao Thao la giet hoang hau bc vua. Tac gia khai quat :Tao
tha tng la vua doi tren.
Quan he gia Tao Thao va ban Tuan Huc rat m am
Trong quan he gia nh, Tao Thao oi x tan te oi vi hai con trai la Tao
Phi va Tao Thc.
Con v cua Tao Thao th chua ngoa, luc nao cung mang chi Han Hieu e.
Qua nhan vat Tao Thao, moi quan he vua toi, anh em, chong v, ban be ch
la v danh vong, quyen the, ch chang co muc ch nao khac.
Cau noi luon mieng cua Tao Thao : tha ta phu ngi, ch khong e ngi
phu ta. o la phng chan x the cua ong ta , phng cham nay a ch ao nhng
hanh ong toi ac cua Tao Thao.
+ Hanh ong giet dan vo toi T Chau
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 107 -
+ Chem au quan gi kho la Vng Hau, luc anh nhau vi Vien Thieu b
het lng an. Thao ba ra toi s suat cua ngi coi lng la Vng Hau em giet i
e yen long quan ang b thieu oi.
+ V nghi ng ma Tao Thao a giet ca ngi ban cu cua mnh la La Ba Xa.
Sau khi biet la giet oan , Thao quay lai giet ca nha La Ba Xa e tranh viec bao oan
ve sau.
The hien ban chat xau xa, ch ky va tan nhan cua Tao Thao
Tao Thao mn danh la tng nha Han, thc ra la giac nha Han.
Lap ke oc khong giet c ong Trac, Tao Thao tron, quan huyen Tran
Cung bat c Tao Thao nh giai ve Ha o nhng lai ne phuc Tao Thao nen tha
toi chet. Sau nghe li xui giuc cua Thao, Tran Cung lai bo chc huyen quan tron
theo Thao e cung mu o viec ln.
Hai ngi i ti Thanh Cao, Thao re vao tham mot ngi ban gia ten la Ba
Xa. Thao t xng mnh la chau va ke chuyen Tran Cung tha mang song cho mnh
cho Ba Xa nghe, Ba Xa xuc ong, ne ngha c cua Tran Trung nen mi hai ngi
lai dung tiec ru.
Trong luc Ba Xa i mua ru ngon ve thet khach, th nha Thao hoi hop
ng ngoi khong yen, nhn nhac lo s ngi cua ong Trac lung suc bat lai Bong
Thao nghe vang vang t nha sau co tieng nhieu ngi oi chuyen lao xao, roi lai
nghe co tieng hoi :Troi lai mi giet phai khong? the la Tao Thao tai mat, cho tay
vao oc gm i lan xuong bep , Tran Cung voi va theo sau va hoang hot khi thay
Tao Thao vung gm ha sat mot lt 8 ngi, trong o co ca gia tre, trai gai.
Thao hoi ha bo ra i, va ra khoi ngo, ca hai gap Ba Xa ang phi nga tr
ve, co nga co treo mot bnh ru ln. Thao don bo mat vui ve ra hieu cho Ba Xa
lai gan roi bat than giet luon Ba Xa, Thao quay lai bien bach vi Tran Cung :Tha
ta phu ngi con hn la e ngi phu ta.
Tran Cung biet Thao la ke ai bat nhan nen sau o chan nan tron Thao ma
i.
Luc anh nhau vi Vien Thieu b het lng an. Thao ba ra cai toi s mat
cua ngi coi lng la Vng Hau em giet i e yen long quan ang b thieu oi.
Trc khi hanh hnh, Thao con lanh lung noi vi Vng Hau :
Ta biet ngi vo toi, nhng khong giet ngi th long quan se sinh bien.
Thao.
Hnh tng nhan vat c xay dng thanh cong nhat trong tac pham la Tao
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 108 -
Khi c Tao Thao hoi y kien, Quan Lo noi : Ong la nang than i tr,
gian hung thi loan. o la mot nhan xet sac sao, Thi tr ky cng on nh, vua toi
ro rang, gian hung khong co at dung vo. Thi loan ky cng roi bi, toi co the
thanh vua, vua co the thanh toi, ban chat gian hung co dp boc lo.
Tao Thao chnh la con e cua thi loan Tam quoc.
Tom lai, Tao Thao la mot ien hnh cua ke thong tr tan bao va giao quyet.
Cham ngon cua Tao Thao la :tha ta phu ngi, ch khong e ngi phu ta cham
ngon nay ch ao nhng hanh ong toi ac cua y. Tao Thao la nhan vat a nghi
nham hiem va tan bao nhng cung la ngi thong minh, c tr, ngoan cng. Mac
du trong s phat trien cua lch s Trung Quoc, Tao Thao co mot vai tro nhat nh,
nhng ong ta lai la ke tan bao.
Tac gia mn nhan vat Tao Thao trong lch s e khai quat tnh gian hung,
a nghi, tan ac, nham hiem, giao quyet, gia nhan, gia ngha cua giai cap thong tr
phong kien trong nhieu thi ai.
Tao Thao la tap ai thanh cua cac tnh cach phan dien, la s phat
trien cao hn, sau hn cua mot ong Trac ch co tan bao bat nhan, cua mot La Bo
hu dong vo mu va trao tr hai long.
2. Ca ngi ly tng tot ep cua nhan dan
Vi tinh than ung Lu phan Tao (ung ho Lu B, phan oi Tao Thao)
La Quan Trung tap trung ca ngi ly tng tot ep cua nhan dan. ien hnh cho ly
tng tot ep o la Lu B, mot con ngi nhan ai c moi ngi yeu men, tin
cay.
Ket ngha vn ao a tr thanh mot bieu tng ep cho long chung thuy
bang hu trong quan he gia con ngi vi nhau. Lu B, Quan Vu, Trng Phi a
ket ngha lam anh em vi li the sat son c thc hien trong hien thc va c th
thach qua hang tram tran am mau vi quan thu, co nhng giay phut ngan can treo
si toc, co nhng luc ho lam lac nghi ng lan nhau, co nhng luc ke thu xao tra
dung mu mo chia re, quyen ru ho nhng long trung thanh vi li the son sat oi
vi ho la thieng lieng nhat.
Luc bo Tan Da, chay ve Phan Thanh, moi ngay ch i c 10 dam Lu B
van khong chu bo ri hn mot van nhan dan 2 quan bo que hng theo Lu B
cung chay.
Lu B thng dan va c dan ung ho : Khi lam quan uy huyen An Hy
khong he pham en chut g cua dan (hoi 2). i qua T Chau dan bay hng an
ra on, mi lai cai tr (hoi 20). Lam tri huyen Tan Da, cha c bao lau, dan
a truyen tung cau ca Quan huyen Tan Da, ho nha Vua, t dao en ay, dan am
no (hoi 35).
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 109 -
Lu B la hoa than cua ch nhan

Cac tac gia truyen Tam Quoc hng ngi oc en ket luan : Lu B c
nhan hoa con Tao Thao ch c thien thi, Ton Quyen ch nh vao a li.
Tac gia at Lu B trong the oi lap vi Tao Thao, nh tam gng trong suot
e lam noi bat long da phan trac, tam a xau xa cua ke gian hung.
Tao Thao noi Ta tha phu ngi ch quyet khong e ngi phu ta con Lu
B th ngc han :Ta tha chet ch khong lam ieu phu ngha.Tac gia sap xep mot
loat tnh tiet an cheo nhau e oi chieu hai nhan vat. Bat me e du con, Tao Thao
a khong mua chuoc c T Th . Ngc lai, tao ieu kien cho T Th ve vi
me, Lu B c ong ta tien c Khong Minh.
Mot bc tranh tng phan hay la s chien thang cua nhan ngha oi vi bao
tan cho nen Lu B a co the so sanh chnh sach cua mnh vi Tao Thao nh sau
:Thao d cap, ngo d khoan. Thao d bao, ngo d nhan. Thao d quyet, ngo d trung
(Thao nong voi ta thong tha. Thao dung bao lc, ta dung nhan ngha. Thao
dung am mu quy ke, ta lay long thanh oi ai) .
Lu B la vua nhan t kieu nho giao. Ong co hoai bao tren bao nc nha,
di yen le dan. Tuy ong khong co nhng chien cong hien hach, nhng ong lam
nhng viec nhan ngha. Ong lay c day ngi, ch khong lam ieu g ch ky hai
nhan. Mac du Lu B con mang nang t tng chnh thong, nhng trong thi loan
lac, Lu B van la ong vua tot, biet thng dan, cham lo en hanh phuc cua nhan
dan, nen c moi ngi yeu quy. Lu B la nhan vat ly tng cua tac gia, ong
thi cung la c m cua nhan dan trong nhng ngay nc soi la bong, vang thau
lan lon, ao c ao ien.
Ve sang tao tnh cach nhan vat, ta thay co cho khong that. Nhan dan Trung
Quoc thng co cau Lu B vt con mua chuoc long ngi la co y cham biem tnh
cach gia doi cua ong ta.
Lu B a the hien t tng chnh tr xa hoi cua quang ai quan chung nhan
dan, co ieu trong xa hoi phong kien lam g co mot ong vua sng kho v dan, toan
tam toan y nham lo cho moi ngi nh Lu B. Co luc
hnh tng Lu B kem
sc thuyet phuc muon ta Lu B la ngi nhan c ma hoa ra gia doi (Lo Tan).
Ly tng cua nhan dan ve mot ong vua tot, ve mot ng loi nhan chnh
di che o phong kien cung ch la ao tng ma thoi.
Tac gia muon xay dng mot Lu B oi lap vi Tao Thao nhng Tao Thao
co sc thuyet phuc hn, song ong hn . Bi v co the tm thay nguyen mau nhan
vat nay khap moi ni, moi luc trong suot hn 2000 nam cua che o phong kien
Trung Hoa.
3. Kinh nghiem va sach lc au tranh
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 110 -
Gia Cat Lng, tieu bieu cho con ngi co mu co dung, lien tiep thang li
trong moi luc moi ni. Ong la ngi co nhieu mu tr, khon kheo, nam vng ch
tnh, a ra nhieu mu ke e lam that bai ke thu.
Khong Minh vi tr tue tuyet vi, vi long trung thanh vo han, vi y ch sat
a, quyet tam xay dng c nghiep nha Thuc. Khong Minh biet c so tri, biet
van nha Han sap mat, nhng van cuc cung tan tuy, du chet khong thay long oi da.
Neu hnh tng Lu B c chieu sang bi ch nhan th hnh tng
Khong Minh lai rang r bi ch tr. Nhan vat nay la hoa than cua tr tue quan
chung. Cau ngan ng Ba ngi th da bnh thng neu biet hp sc lai co the thanh
Gia Cat Lng
La ngi hoc van uyen bac, nhn xa trong rong, cong lao ln nhat cua Khong
Minh la nh ra sach lc hoa Ngo khang Nguy duy tr c nghiep nha Thuc tren
30 nam. Khong Minh giao Kinh Chau cho Quan Cong a tom tat cai chien lc ln
cua thi Tam Quoc trong 8 ch Bac cc Tao Thao, ong hoa Ton Quyen.
Khong Minh la ngi co tr tue sieu viet da tren s hieu biet tam ly va s
viec mot cach sau sac. Khong Minh truyen ch them ru ngon ra cho Trng Phi
ang say kht trc trai Nham C v biet Trng Phi uong ru la e du Trng
Cap ang co thu phai xuong nui.
Khong Minh dam e mot mnh Lu B i ci v at ong Ngo, ma ch can
phao tin ram len trong nhan dan Giang nam la Ngo Quoc Thai ga con gai cho Lu
B la Ton Quyen khong dam ong en tnh mang Lu B.
Theo nhan xet cua nhieu nha nghien cu th Gia Cat Lng la nhan vat trung
tam cua tieu thuyet, bi le tac gia a gianh ra hn mot na so trang viet e ta nhng
s kien xay ra trong 27 nam hoat ong i ong.
Khong Minh la con ngi bnh thng, gian d nhng cung phi thng, thong
minh va ay b an. Quan oi nc Thuc di s ch huy cua ong, a anh nhieu tran
tuyet hay. Nhng tran anh noi tieng nh ke khong thanh , thuyen co mn
ten a an sau vao long ngi oc hang may the ky nay. Tuy vay, ngoi but tac gia
a cng ieu nhan vat nay mot cach qua mc, lam anh hng en tnh chan thc
cua hnh tng. V du : ong co the ho phong hoan vu, bien nhng vat vo tri thanh
nhng sinh vat co hon.. o la han che cua nhan vat va cung la han che cua the
gii quan than linh cua tac gia.
III.NGHE THUAT
1 Xay dng nhan vat.
Tac pham co hn 400 nhan vat.
Nhan vat ien hnh co ca tnh ro net va sinh ong.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 111 -
Moi nhan vat, tac gia ch chon nhng tnh cach ac trng nhat, roi nam vng
ac trng nay phong ai len, dung phng phap so sanh lam cho tnh cach nhan vat
ro net va sinh ong .
Trng Phi la hnh tng sinh ong nhat. Ong la ngi thang than, nong
nay, lo mang rat cam ghet viec xau xa. Khi oc Bu an hoi lo, Trng Phi tum lay
toc, loi ra khoi quan tram, troi vao chuong nga va anh cho dap xng. Gap
ong Trac kieu ngao, vo le, ong ta muon giet chet. Khi thay Gia Cat Lng ngu
say trong nha co, chng mat khong chu c, ong ta noi gian noi :e toi ra sau
nha cham moi la xem han co day khong?. Tao Thao muon mn tay Lu B e
giet La Bo, Trng Phi lien i tm La Bo va noi :Tao Thao noi mi la ke bat ngha,
nh anh tao giet mi ay.
Noi en viec xay dng nhan vat trong Tam quoc chi dien ngha la noi en
tam tuyet: Tao Thao la gian tuyet, Quan Vu la ngha tuyet, Khong Minh la
tr tuyet.
1. But phap mieu ta chien tranh
Tran anh khong trung lap, n ieu
Moi tran co ac iem rieng va phc tap va muon mau, muon ve, ay chat
anh hung. Co tran va ong va tnh, co tran th iem tnh, ung dung (nh oan Gia
Cat Lng gay an trong tran ke bo thanh khong. Hoac tran Xch Bch khung
canh cua tran anh rong ln bao la. Hau het nhan vat cua tac pham eu co mat
ong ao trong tran nay : Tao Thao, ong Trac, Vien Thieu, Lu B, Ton Quyen,
Gia Cat Lng, Chu Du.. eu xuat hien vi nhng tnh tiet khac nhau.
Vi bay phan s thc, ba phan h cau, tac gia dung phng phap ke
truyen nhieu hn mieu ta, Tam quoc ch dien ngha la nh cao cua tieu thuyet co
ien Trung quoc.
IV. ANH HNG CUA TAM QUOC CH

Vt bo loi ke truyen s sai, li van tho kech, rm ra, Tam quoc ch dien
ngha m ra mot hng sang tac tieu thuyet va a no len nh cao.
Tng ai Kh ngi i Minh, trong li ta Tam quoc ch dien ngha noi
rang :Sau khi La Quan Trung viet xong tac pham, moi ngi tranh nhau sao chep
e oc.
Nguy Due Gii ngi i Thanh, trong li ta Tam quoc van ap, viet
:ngi ta t ai oc s Tam quoc ch, s d biet c nhng khai quat la nh co La
Quan Trung dien ngha.
Hnh tng cac nhan vat nh Gia Cat Lng, Trng Phi, Quan Vu, Trieu
Van, Hoang Trung. tr thanh nhng tam gng cua nhieu i.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 112 -
Tam Quoc Ch tham nhap vao Viet Nam va c cac s phu Viet Nam bnh
luan t the ky XIV co khi dung truyen tch Tam quoc lam e tai xng hoa van
chng nh chuyen T Th quy Tao, Ton phu nhan quy Thuc.
10 bai th lien hoan gia Phan Van Tr va Ton Tho Tng
Nguyen nh Chieu luan ve cong nghiep Gia Cat Lng co cau :
Thng ong Gia Cat tai lanh
Gap cn Han mat, phai anh tam phan.
Ngoi buon nh truyen nam xa,
Nh ong Gia Cat bay gi ni nao
Sau phen Bac phat ho Tao
Ky Sn ch kh anh hao ngan thu.
Nhat ky trong tu vi bai th Tc canh cua Ho chu tch :
Canh la kheo in hnh Dc c
Vng hong sang mai da Quan Cong
Nam tron co quoc tam hi vang
Tin tc ben nha ba ba trong.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 113 -
TAY DU KY
I. Tac gia Ngo Tha An (1500? 1581?)
Ngi Sn Dng, phu Hoai An (nay thuoc Tnh Giang To), ten ch Nh
Trung, but danh Xa Dng Sn Nhan , con mot nha buon nho chuyen ban ch mau
va o theu, nhng lai co cai thu tang tr sach.
Ngo Tha An la ngi thong minh, nhanh nhen, oc nhieu sach, at but
xuong la thanh th van.en nam 43 tuoi, ong mi c lam Tue cong sinh. Tnh
tnh ong ng nganh Bnh sinh khong e ngi thng hai.V me gia, nha tung
thieu, nen ve sau ong nhan lam Huyen tha Trng Hng, nhng khong lau nhuc
nha v phai vao luon ra cui, ong phai phui ao ra ve, vui thu canh ruong vn va
bat au sang tac van hoc.
Ngo Tha An bat man vi hien thc. Ong noi :Trong long mai san dao tr
ta e dep yen nghch canh, dep het moi bat cong xa hoi nhng ang buon la
khong u sc. Do o ong gi gam hy vong nhiet tnh vao hanh ong phan khang
cua nhng nhan vat chnh dien trong tac pham Tay du ky.
Luc nho, ong say me oc cac truyen than thoai, truyen thuyet va da s. Ong
say me oc en noi s cha s thay la mang, tc mat, phai tm cho kn ma oc, ln
len cang ham me . Khi viet Tay du ky , Ngo Tha An noi :Sach cua toi tuy mang
ten ch quai, nhng khong phai ghi lai chuyen ma quy i Minh, ngay nay con ngi
a oi thay nhieu, nen no co tac dung khuyen ran giao duc. Xem the u biet, muc
ch dung tac pham van hoc e giao duc t tng, thay oi tap tuc,v.vla ong lc
thuc ay Ngo Tha An, ngi van s gia 71 tuoi, doc het bau nhiet huyet hoan
thanh tac pham Tay du ky 80 van ch.
ky 16).
Tay du ky ra i vao khoang nhng nam Gia Tnh, Van lch trieu Minh (the
II. Tac pham Tay Du Ky

ng Tang thnh kinh, von co thc trong lch s i ng.
Nam 628 thi ng Thai Tong, co nha s tre tuoi ten la Huyen Trang, mot mnh
sang Tay Truc (An o) e thnh kinh. Khong quan ng xa van dam, Huyen
Trang a i 17 nam, qua 128 nc en An o va mang 657 bo kinh Phat, c vua
ban thng cho tru tr 2 ngoi chua Kinh o, c ton lam Tam Tang phap s, tiep
tuc nghien cu va dch kinh phat. Huyen Trang chu tr viec dch kinh Phat rong ra
19 nam tri. Ong mat nam 1664, tho 69 tuoi.
Hanh ong tao bao ay tinh than dung cam va ngh lc cua Huyen Trang
khong nhng khien bon vua chua than phuc ma con lam chan ong at Trng An
va c lu truyen rong rai trong nhan dan.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 114 -
Tren c s o, vi sc sang tao thien tai, Ngo Tha An xay dng Tay Du Ky
thanh bo tieu thuyet than thoai hoan chnh. Cau chuyen huyen ao, than ky o e ra
nhieu truyen thuyet dan gian ky la.
Vao i Tong, e tai ke chuyen : ng Tang thnh kinh rat pho bien.
en i Nguyen, chuyen ke ve Tay Du cang phat trien.
Cuoi i Nguyen au i Minh co Tay du ky tap kch cua Dng Ngot.
T s sach va truyen ke dan gian, nha van Ngo Tha An la ngi tap hp
cuoi cung va sang tao ra bo tieu thuyet lang man Tay Du Ky. Tac pham gom 100
hoi, trong 81 viec gian nan, da tren tnh tiet cua nhieu chuyen Tay du trc, Ngo
Tha An a xay dng thanh cong tac pham bat hu co mot khong hai trong lch s
van hoc Trung quoc.
Tay Du Ky gom 100 hoi, co the phan thanh 3 oan :
+ 7 hoi au : ke truyen Ton Ngo Khong ai nao thien cung va b e di
Ngu Hanh sn.
+T hoi th 8 en hoi 12 : ke truyen Nguy Trng chem rong, hon Thai Tong
xuong Dien vng, Lu Toan tien a Huyen Trang vang ch sang Tay Thien.
+ T hoi 13 en het : ke truyen bon thay tro Huyen Trang vt qua 81 tai
nan en tan Tay Thien thnh kinh tr ve.
Bang nhng chi tiet ly ky, giau kch tnh, Ngo Tha An phan anh tinh than
phan khang cua nhan dan, vach tran bo mat en toi cua xa hoi; ca ngi viec chinh
phuc thien nhien va tinh than vt gian kho cua nhan dan lao ong
1. Ca ngi tinh than phan khang cua nhan dan
- 7 hoi au ai nao thien cung phan anh trung thc s phan khang manh
me cua nhan dan trong xa hoi phong kien.
Tuy trong Tay Du Ky khong thay xuat hien nhng ngi nong dan ban kho,
nhng qua viec ai nao thien cung cua Ton Ngo Khong, viec tr yen ma quy quai
cua Ton Hanh Gia, chung ta thay ro bong dang cua ngi anh hung ao vai, quyet
ch quet sach moi the lc en toi trong xa hoi phong kien.
Nhan vat Ton Ngo Khong xuat hien t a bui, bao phen nao ong thien
cung, lam nen nhng viec rang r tren at Phat la hnh anh tieu bieu cho tinh than
au tranh cua ngi nong dan Trung Quoc bao the ky.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 115 -
Nhan vat chnh phan khang trong ai nao thien cung la Ton Ngo Khong
neu khau hieu thay nhau lam vua, sang nam en lt ta lam 10 van quan lnh cua
thien nh thua chay b Ton Ngo Khong anh tan nat, ti bi.
Ton Ngo Khong co phep can au van moi can au van i c 10 van 8
nghn dam, xuat hien trong t the pho ng Tang, vi s dung cam, ngoan
cng, ap bang moi nguy hiem e tien ti. Thay tro ng Tang vt qua song
sau, nui ln, diet tr yeu quai, khac phuc kho khan e mu cau s nghiep thnh
kinh cao ca. Chn quoc gia ma thay tro i qua quan van khong tai, quan vo khong
gioi, vua vo ao. Mieu ta nhng nc o, chnh la Ngo Tha An muon noi en
hien thc cua thi ai ong ang song. (hien thc xa hoi i Minh).
ien hnh cho thai o phan khang thi ky nay la Ton Ngo Khong 72 cach
bien hoa vi nhieu ban lnh, tng nao ong long cung, bat Hai Long vng a vu
kh : cay thiet bang 1van 3.500 can c cay thiet bang Ton Ngo Khong quyet 1
phen anh en Sam La bao Diem vng cho xem so sinh so t. Bat ke Diem vng
cho song bao lau, Ton Ngo Khong cam but lan tham mc xoa ten mnh, ten loai kh
roi nem so xuong at. The la t nay, Ngo Khong khong thuoc quyen cai quan cua
10 vua Minh Vng di am phu. Hanh ong nao ong am ty, xoa ten ho loai kh
trong so sinh t, khong tha nhan quyen uy, tung hoanh khap ni, ap lo bat quai
anh en noi sao Cu Dien phai ong kn ca, T Thien vng phai bien mat. Y oi
Ngoc hoang nhng ngoi va tuyen bo neu khong nhng th se quay roi, mai mai
khong co thai bnh. Thng e tuy tu t nho, nhng khong nen chiem lau chon
thien nh. Ngi ta thng noi : lam vua phai luan chuyen, sang nam en nha ta,
bay gi bao cho y (Ngoc Hoang thng e) cuon goi i, em thien cung nhng lai
cho lao. Bang khong nhng lao se quay roi mai, khong bao gi thanh bnh c .
Ton Ngo Khong pha roi long cung, cp so sinh t, cung khong dng mc bang
tri ma muon nam lay chnh quyen, lat o s thong tr cua Ngoc hoang thng e.
Tinh than phan khang o that kien quyet biet bao!
Ngo Tha An con cha mui nhon vao bon hoa thng , nhng ke tham tai
trong the nh A nan , Ca diep va ca Phat to Nh lai. Tuy be ngoai ho la than
thanh , nhng ky thc ho la nhng ke bon chen danh li .
2. Ca ngi pham chat u tu cua nhan dan
Ton Ngo Khong khong ch la ai dien cho tinh than phan nghch ma y
con tieu bieu cho pham chat tot ep cua nhan dan. Vi nhng hanh ong cua mnh
Ton Hanh Gia tr thanh con ngi chnh trc, khon kheo, dung cam, gap luc kho
khan hoan nan, y van lac quan, hang hai va khon kheo tm ra nhieu mu ke hay.
Ton Hanh Gia la con ngi co nang lc, co tr tue, giau long nhan ai, biet
lam ieu thien. Tuy 3 lan b ng Tang uoi i nhng y van khong gian va bat
man.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 116 -
Ngo Tha An mo ta ky nhan vat Tr Bat Gii chnh la lam noi bat tnh cach
cua Ton Ngo Khong. La nhan vat na ngi, na thu, v cai au heo ma Bat Gii
mang ho Tr. Cai au von c coi la ni ch huy moi t duy cua con ngi. Tat
ca nhng van ong t duy cua ho Tr thong qua cai au heo nh vay o lam sao
khoi mang dau an cua heo. Ly lch trch ngang cua Bat Gii cho thay mi vao i
a b tien an roi : thu con lam Thien Bong Nguyen soai cai quan song Tri (Thien
Ha) mot lan d tiec chieu ai tai Dien Tr cung, say nhe, i lac vao cung Quang
Han, s soan Hang Nga. oi tuan tra nha tri (tc la Cu Soat Linh Quan) ben bat
gi va truy to ve toi quay roi Thng e e ngh mc an cao nhat t hnh, sau Thai
Bach Kim Tinh xin giam an anh 2000 gay, ay biet x (bat ha tran), au thai lam
kiep heo. Bat Gii tng trng cho nhng ban nang rat vat duc va tam thng ni
con ngi. Bat Gii c cach ieu hoa thanh mot nhan vat na ngi na thu, cai
phan may man thuoc ve ngi th lai qua dung tuc : bung phe, quan ao xoc xech tre
trang.
Tr Bat Gii la con ngi tot, biet lao ong. Trong chien au, y la tr thu
ac lc cua Ton Ngo Khong, khi b ch bat, y khong bao gi au hang va thoa
hiep.
Ben canh u iem, Tr Bat Gii co mot so khuyet iem: ngai kho, chay
li, thch nhan nha, ham li vat, de b sinh hoat vat chat ben ngoai cam do, ba hoa,
khoac lac, de e lo b mat, co y suy bung ta ra bung ngi, vach ao cho ngi
xem lng, hay noi doi, kheo biet nnh, li bieng, ham ngu, thch un viec cho ke
khac, ma l khi khong thoi thac c, phai anh cang ang am ng th chang
venh vao, ra mat ta ay. Khuyet iem nay phan anh han che cua ngi san xuat
nho. Tuy vay Bat Gii khong phai la nhan vat phan dien.
Khuyet iem noi bat cua Tr la t t t li, tranh ieu li cho mnh, don
ieu hai cho ke khac. ang buon ci hn la tren quang ng sang Tay Thien ay
gian kho, Tr Bat Gii van khong quen thu tom c 4 ong can 6 phan vang nhet
san vao tai, he ai noi ong en mnh la oi chia hanh ly tr ve.
Tuy Tr co nhieu khuyet iem nh the va Ngo Tha An a phe phan kha
sau sac, nhng Tr van la mot nhan vat chnh dien, oc gia men Tr hn la ghet
Tr. Tr gian giao nhng lai ngay that, ham li nhng khong quen ieu ngha.
Bat Gii la s tap hp nhng ban nang (instincts) rat vat duc va tam thng
ni con ngi. Co le v the ma phap danh cua chang la Ngo Nang.
III. NGHE THUAT CUA TAY DU KY

1. Phng phap sang tac lang man
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 117 -
Tay Du Ky la mot tieu thuyet sang tao theo but phap lang man. Hnh thc
nghe thuat cua no chat che, hoan chnh. Tac gia tng tng phong phu, ke chuyen
sinh ong, nhieu mau sac thu v, sang tao nhieu hnh tng choi loi.
ai nao thien cung, thu nhan Ton Hanh Gia, thu nhan Tr Bat Gii,
an trom qua nhan sam la nhng mau chuyen rat hay xem rat thu v.
Nhieu ieu tng tng cua tac gia rat ly thu, co can c hien thc, nen
ngi oc lnh hoi c.
2. Ket cau hoan chnh
Co the coi tac pham la tap hp cua nhieu truyen ngan. Trong moi truyen,
tac gia trnh bay ranh mach, trc sau an khp vi nhau mot cach chat che, khong
the chia cat .
2. S khoi hai d dom
Tac pham cha ng yeu to hai hc cua truyen thuyet va truyen co dan
gian.
Cai khoi hai d dom cua tac pham c bieu hien 3 mat :
a. Nhan vat Ton Ngo Khong biet lac quan trc kho khan.
b. Tnh hai the hien viec ch ra nhng khuyet iem cua nhan vat Tr Bat
Gii
c. Dung mot so tnh tiet e cham biem nhan tnh the thai va hien thc xa
hoi.
3. Ngon ng trong sang.
Tac gia co tai trau doi khau ng .
S dung hnh thc cu phap thay oi lam chuyen hoa khau ng quan chung
thanh ngon ng van hoc.
Lao Ton ta ay! 4 tieng o gon, chac, the hien c tnh cach manh me,
dt khoat cua Ton Ngo Khong.
Toi that tha, khong biet, khong he thay cua Tr Bat Gii va gon, va ham
y sau.
IV. ANH HNG CUA TAY DU KY

Cac nhan vat nh Ton Ngo Khong, Tr Bat Gii a i vao cuoc song cua
quan chung va tr thanh bieu tng cho cac loai ngi trong xa hoi.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 118 -
Noi theo Ngo Tha An hang loat tieu thuyet ve than ma yeu quai ra i nh
: Phong than dien ngha, Tuc Tay Du, Hau Tay Du
Tay Du Ky c dch ra nhieu th tieng tren the gii .
vung ong Nam A, Tay Du Ky tr nen quen thuoc, tac pham c dch
va xuat ban nhieu lan.
- Lam cho Lam Xung b oan c, khac ch vao mat va ay i Thng Chau
- Dng Ch th lu lac Bien Kinh
- Nhng nhan vat nh Cao Nha Noi, Tay Mon Khanh, Trnh o la bon au
trau mat nga ghe tm ap bc, boc lot nhan dan, lam cho nhan dan vo cung bat
man va tm cach phan ng.
2. Phan anh qua trnh phat trien cua cuoc khi nha nong dan
Quan bc dan phan. o la chan ly lch s. Trong Thuy H Thi Nai Am a
khai quat con ng thc tnh, au tranh va dan en chong oi cua cac tang lp
nhan dan.
Lam Xung la ngi cam au thng bong cua 80 van cam binh ong kinh. Cha
e hat, cha v la giao au , nhan nhuc chu ng moi ap bc nhng cuoi cung phai
bc thng Lng sn.
Kh the nhan dan 3 lan anh bai Cao Cau, 3 lan anh Chuc Gia Trang.
3.Phan anh qua trnh that bai cua cuoc khi ngha
S nghiep anh hung cua Lng Sn Bac dan dan that bai v cuoc khi ngha
khong a ra c khau hieu ro rang.
Tuyet ai bo phan anh hung eu khong coi vua la muc tieu chong oi chu
yeu. Ho con mang nang t tng phong kien.
Khi giai cap thong tr lung lac, e doa va tm cach oi pho th ho dao ong
va tiep nhan chieu an.
Cuoi cung, Tong Giang dao ong, nghe theo li du cua trieu nh ma au
hang. Sau khi Tong Giang chu nhan chieu an, lai phung chieu i anh dep
Phng Lap chien thang tr ve, th 108 v anh hung cua Lng Sn Bac ch
con lai 27 ngi.
Tong Giang uong ru vua ban co ngam thuoc oc, trung oc ma chet.
Lanh tu khac la L Tuan Ngha cung an cm vua ban co rac thuy ngan, ri
xuong song ma chet. Khi ngha nong dan trong Thuy H i en ket thuc.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 119 -
Ly Quy tng khuyen Tong Giang hay em quan ma anh thang en ong
Kinh vi hy vong :
Trieu Cai ca ca se lam ai Tong hoang e
Tong Giang ca ca lam Tieu Tong hoang e,
Ngo Dung lam tha tng,
Cong Ton ao lam quoc s,
Chung toi lam tng quan
o cung la mot trong nhng nguyen nhan e chung ta giai thch tai sao cuoc
cach mang nong dan khong triet e va neu khong that bai th tr thanh cong cu thay
trieu oi ai cua giai cap thong tr phong kien.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 120 -
HONG LAU MONG

La tac pham co y ngha cam moc mot giai oan van hoc v dung lng o
so, v s thanh thuc trong phng phap sang tac, v am vang cua s chuyen mnh
lch s ma no mang en cho ngi oc.
Tac pham gom 120 hoi do 2 tac gia sang tac.
Tao Tuyet Can viet 80 hoi au va d thao 40 hoi sau.
Cao Ngac viet 40 hoi sau da theo d thao va hoan chnh bo truyen.
Tao Tuyet Can va Cao Ngac eu xuat than quy toc, eu la ngi Han nhap
tch Man Chau nhng Tao th song mot i ngheo tung, co oc va bat ac ch. Con
Cao th o tien s, lam quan con ng cong danh rong m.
Hoan canh khac nhau o lam cho ca hai phan tac pham tuy ve c ban khong
co dau vet chap va nhng khuynh hng t tng co khac.
Cao Ngac e nhan vat chnh la Bao Ngoc i thi, o at roi ci v, co con
trai noi doi tong ng, sau o mi i tu ch khong nh d thao cua Tao Tuyet Can
la bo i mat tch sau khi tnh yeu tan v.
Mac du vay, xet t e tai, chu e, t tng chu e, phong cach hanh van
Hong Lau Mong van la mot tac pham thong nhat va hoan chnh .
Hong Lau Mong la bc tranh thu nho cua xa hoi phong kien Trung quoc
tren bc ng suy tan.
1. Gia nh ho Gia mot hao mon vong toc the hien ay u cac moi
quan he va mau thuan cua xa hoi phong kien.
Hai phu Vinh Ninh la mot gia nh nhng no gan giong mot trieu nh.
Gia Mau, chang khac g mot th thai thng hoang muon g c nay, ai
cung coi viec mua vui cho ba ta la mot s menh thieng lieng.
Ke o la cac ong chu, ba chu.
+ Co loai chu lay viec c bac, trai gai lam le song nh Gia Tran, Gia
Dung, Gia Lieu
+ Co loai chu a hoan toan lu manh hoa nh Tiet Ban
+ Co loai chu co go mnh theo khuon sao nhng lai hoan toan bat lc
nh Gia
Chnh.
+ Co loai chu a boc lo tat ca cai nham hiem, oc ac nh Phng Th.
+ Co loai chu be ngoai trung hau nhng ben trong khong kem phan tan
nhan, giao quyet nh Bao Thoa, Vng Phu Nhan
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 121 -
+ Co loai chu phan nghch, chong ne nep truyen thong nh Gia Bao
Ngoc, Lam ai Ngoc.
Co the tm thay ay u mat cac nhan vat tieu bieu cho cac loai the lc cua
xa hoi thng lu quy toc. Ho khong ch c the hien nh nhng ien hnh ve mat
ao c ma tren thc te la hnh anh cua cac the lc chnh tr tieu bieu thi Thanh.
Cac ong chu, ba chu o mot mat cau ket vi nhau e boc lot v vet, mac
khac lai can xe lan nhau e gianh giat quyen uy va the lc.
Bat chap tnh anh em, Gia Hoan vu cho Bao Ngoc cng dam Kim Xuyen
e anh ta b anh on.
D Trieu tm cach yem bua e hong giet chet Bao Ngoc gianh quyen the tap
cho con trai.
Quan he gia ho vi nhau rat tan nhan en noi Tham Xuan phai noi
:Chung mnh la ba con ruot tht mot nha, the ma ngi nao ngi nay chang khac
g ga choi, ch chc nuot song lan nhau. Cau noi ay chng to tac gia y thc c
rang nhng mau thuan noi tai cua xa hoi thng lu chnh la ieu kien tat yeu dan
no en sup o.
Nhng ben canh mau thuan noi bo giai cap quy toc con co mau thuan gia
ho vi quan chung b ap bc boc lot.
V han che cua e tai, Hong Lau Mong chu yeu noi en nhng mau thuan
xay ra trong pham vi bon bc tng gia nh ho Gia.
Quan he gia ke ap bc boc lot va ngi b ap bc boc lot ay chu yeu the
hien qua so phan cac a hoan
2. Gia nh ho Gia hnh anh cua mot giai cap thoi nat suy tan va bat
lc
Gia nh ban ron tiec tung Li nhan xet cua gia Lu : Ch mot tiec nho
cua phu Vinh cung u cho gia nh nong dan chi dung trong ca nam .
Tieu ai phe phan s dam o cua cac vng ton, cong t. Cau noi cua Lieu
Tng Lien : Trong phu ong ch co hai con s t a la con trong sach .
3. S xuat hien nhng a con phan nghch va dau hieu suy tan cua che
o
Gia Bao Ngoc luon suy ngh va hanh ong trai vi nen nep ma giai cap phong
kien quy nh.
Gia Bao Ngoc khinh miet khoa c, goi van bat co la can cau cm.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 122 -
t nh oat trong tnh yeu

bnh ang vi cac ngi hau gai.
4. Hong Lau Mong nh cao cua tieu thuyet hien thc
Nha Han hoc Xo Viet, Vien s N.S.Konrat: Tieu thuyet Hong Lau Mong la mot
tac pham hien thc chu ngha tieu bieu. o la mot bc tranh v ai ve quy mo cung
nh ve y ngha cua cuoc song xa hoi Trung Quoc the ky XVIII .
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 123 -
LIEU TRAI CH D
Bo Tung Linh (1640 1716) ten ch la Lai Tien, hieu la Lieu Tuyen, ngi
tnh Sn ong.
Bo Tung Linh ngay t hoi con tre a nhiet tnh say sa vi viec thi c,
nhng mai en nam 71 tuoi mi o Tue cong sinh (Tu tai). Cha kp thi tho tai
nang th bon nam sau Bo Tung Linh qua i, e lai mot tac pham thuoc loai hang
au cua van hoc co Trung quoc : Lieu trai ch d. ay la tac pham Bo Tung Linh
viet luc 20 tuoi, hoan thanh luc 40 tuoi va hoan chnh luc 50 tuoi.
Lieu trai ch d co 431 truyen do Bo Tung Linh su tam trong dan gian hoac
rut t nhng truyen ma quai ra i trc o, roi gia cong sang tao them.
Lieu trai ch d tuy noi nhng truyen ma quai, than tien nhng la mot tac
pham co gia tr hien thc sau sac. Tac gia khon kheo ch trch nen chnh tr tan bao
cua ngi Man Thanh. Trong nhieu truyen tac gia kheo leo a kch giai cap thong
tr t vua en quan, bon cng hao ac ba, bon nho s dot nat, ong thi tac pham
cung noi len cai khat vong con ngi c t do yeu ng, c song hanh phuc.
Chia lam 3 loai chnh :
1. Vach tran che o chnh tr en toi, a kch tham quan o lai, cng hao ac
ba, benh vc nhng ngi lng thien b oan c, b cha ap, b bc hai.
2. Te hai cua che o khoa c. No au oc biet bao ngi, lam cho ho v
cong danh ma me muoi, mat het ca s phan oan sang suot.
3. e tai tnh yeu va hon nhan.
Tan a khi dch Lieu trai co nhan xet :
Truyen Kieu bao nhieu cau luc bat ma khong cau nao giong cau nao.
Lieu trai bao nhieu chuyen ln nho ma khong truyen nao phang phat truyen
nao.
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 124 -
CAU HOI ON TAP

1. - ac iem tieu thuyet i Minh
- ac iem tieu thuyet i Thanh
- Nhng ac iem cua tieu thuyet co ien Trung quoc.
2 Gia tr hien thc cua Tam quoc
- ac trng tnh cach nhan vat Tao Thao
- Thanh tu va han che trong viec xay dng hnh tng cac nhan vat ly
tng trong Tam quoc ch dien ngha.
- ac iem nghe thuat Tam quoc ch dien ngha.
3
-
Chu e t tng cua tac pham Tay Du ky

ac trng tnh cach nhan vat Ton Ngo Khong
Hnh tng nhan vat Tr Bat gii
ac iem nghe thuat Tay Du ky.
4 - Noi dung t tng cua tac pham Lieu trai ch d.

- Tai sao Lieu trai noi chuyen yeu quai ma khong gieo an tng rung
rn.
5 - Hai chu e chnh cua tac pham Hong Lau Mong.
- Tnh cach cac nhan vat chnh Gia Bao Ngoc, Lam ai Ngoc, Tiet
Bao Thoa.
- V tr cac nhan vat Gia Chnh, Phng Th.
- Ly giai nhan nh cua Lo Tan en Hong Lau Mong t tng va
cach viet truyen thong a o v.
- Tnh chat hien thc khong to ve cua Hong Lau Mongthe hien nh
the nao ?
Khoa Ng van
Van hoc Trung Quoc
- 125 -
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1- Nhng bo tieu thuyet co ien nhat hay nhat cua Trung Quoc Tran Xuan
e, Nxb Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh, 1991.
2- Tieu thuyet co ien Trung Quoc Tran Xuan e, Nxb Giao duc, 1998.
3- Tac gia, tac pham van hoc phng ong (trung Quoc) Tran Xuan e,
Nxb Giao duc, 2000.
4- Khao luan tieu thuyet co ien Trung Hoa Nguyen Huy Khanh, Nxb
Van hoc, 1991.
5-e hieu 8 bo tieu thuyet co ien Trung Quoc- Lng Duy Th, Nxb Khoa
hoc Xa hoi, 1990.
6- Bai giang van hoc Trung Quoc Lng Duy Th, Tu sach ai hoc Tong
hp Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh, 1995.
7-Thu xem truyen Tau Vng Hong Sen. Nxb TP Ho Ch Minh, 1993.
8- Luan ban Thuy H Nhieu tac gia, Nxb Van hoc, 1999.
Khoa Ng van

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TRNG AI HOC A LAT

TS. NGUYN NH HO NGUYN THANH CHU

Van hoc Trung Quoc

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

TIET 1 : KINH THI

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

Chat go nan hoa chan chat ch,

Kham kham phat luan he,

Chat go banh xe chan chat ch,

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

Bat gia bat sac,

Chang cay chang gat,

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

au em nh the co bong gio bay !

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

Rau hanh so le,

Cau chi bat ac,

Cau mong nang khong c,

Sam si hanh thai,

Rau hanh so le,

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

Co gai du dang ang yeu,

T ngoai ong ve, nang tang ta nhanh co

Song kia, ai bao rong g?

Thanh thanh t boi,

Chang eo ngoc xanh,

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

5.- Yen yen

Yen yen vu phi,

Ka trong con en no bay,

Yen yen vu phi,

Ka trong con en no bay,

Cay mai rung,

Cay mai rung,

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

Chang chinh chien phng xa

Chang chinh chien phng xa,

T ngay chang tray sang ong,

Tri ma ! Ay tri sap ma !

TS. Nguyen nh Hao Nguyen Thanh Chau

Van hoc Trung Quoc

9.- Bach chu

Chiec thuyen go bach

Nga tam ph giam,

Long ta chang phai la gng,

Nga tam ph thach,

Chieu kia cuon de nh khong,

u tam tieu tieu,